SINAI/ALIA-cultural-heritage

Dataset Card for ALIA cultural-heritage Corpus

The ALIA Cultural Heritage Corpus is a strategic open data infrastructure designed to support research and innovation in digital humanities, cultural analytics, and Spanish-language NLP. It consolidates heterogeneous official and academic repositories into a single curated dataset, enabling broad and structured access to cultural heritage documentation from Spain. With 236,399 instances, 946,467,028 tokens and 102 source datasets, it provides a robust foundation for developing domain-specialized language technologies in the cultural heritage field.

Dataset Details

Dataset Description

The ALIA Cultural Heritage Corpus is an open-access data resource that compiles and organizes a large-scale collection of cultural heritage documents in Spanish. It integrates heritage inventories, specialized journals, archival records, institutional publications, and descriptive resources about tangible and intangible heritage.

The corpus was designed to provide a homogeneous and reusable textual base for researchers in digital humanities, cultural institutions, archivists, historians, linguists, and AI practitioners. Its breadth supports both documentary exploration and computational workflows such as semantic retrieval, topic discovery, terminology extraction, and language model adaptation.

The processed version of the corpus currently includes 236,399 instances and 946,467,028 tokens, distributed across 102 source datasets. This scale and heterogeneity make it an important resource for building and evaluating NLP systems focused on cultural heritage narratives, historical discourse, and institutional documentation in Spanish.

• Curated by: SINAI Research Group (Intelligent Systems for Information Access) - Universidad de Jaen, through CEATIC.
• Funded by: Ministerio para la Transformacion Digital y de la Funcion Publica - Funded by EU - NextGenerationEU, within the framework of the project Desarrollo de Modelos ALIA.
• Language(s) (NLP): es (Spanish)
• License: CC BY-SA 4.0

Dataset Sources

• Paper: [N/A]

Uses

The primary purpose of this corpus is to support training and evaluation of language technologies specialized in Spanish cultural heritage, including:

• Training large language models (LLMs) specialized in cultural heritage text.
• Heritage-oriented information retrieval systems.
• Question-answering systems over cultural and historical documentation.
• NLP research in digital humanities and institutional heritage archives.

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

Each instance in the corpus follows this structure:

{
  'id': '19467',
  'text': 'El "Castillo de Jaén" es, en realidad, un conjunto de tres castillos o fortalezas que conforman un gran recinto, que ocupa casi toda la alargada cima del Cerro de Santa Catalina, situado, en su parte sur-occidental, junto a la ciudad española de Jaén, comunidad autónoma de Andalucía...',
  'source_id': 'Wikipedia_Cultura_España',
  'metadata': '{}',
  'tokens': 1399
}

Data Fields

• id (string): Document identifier extracted from the source (in many sources it corresponds to the document title or record identifier).
• text (string): Cleaned textual content of the document.
• source_id (string): Source dataset of origin.
• metadata (string): Additional serialized metadata associated with the document when available.
• tokens (int): Token count for the document after processing.

Data Splits

The complete dataset contains the following source datasets with their statistics, sorted by number of tokens:

Dataset	Num Tokens	Num Instances	Tokens Percentage	Instances Percentage	Source
Revistas_Culturales_Biblioteca_Virtual_Prensa_Historica	262,539,044	3,079	27.7388%	1.3025%	Link
Wikipedia_Cultura_España	109,529,621	92,044	11.5725%	38.9359%	Link
Revistas_CSIC	80,141,134	5,086	8.4674%	2.1514%	Link
Revista_Hidalguia	34,552,535	347	3.6507%	0.1468%	Link
Revistas_Instituto_Andaluz_Patrimonio_Historico	26,463,170	4,427	2.7960%	1.8727%	Link
Repositorio_Activos_Digitales_Andalucia	25,072,951	1,470	2.6491%	0.6218%	Link
Revista_Folklore	20,532,402	408	2.1694%	0.1726%	Link
Tabula	19,345,563	1,826	2.0440%	0.7724%	Link
Revista_Memoria_Ecclesiae	16,257,174	81	1.7177%	0.0343%	Link
Guia_Digital_Patrimonio_Andalucia_Patrimonio_Mueble	13,558,785	78,148	1.4326%	33.0577%	Link
Revista_En_La_España_Medieval	13,095,998	742	1.3837%	0.3139%	Link
Revista_Complutum	12,871,996	708	1.3600%	0.2995%	Link
Revista_Signa	12,727,638	1,230	1.3448%	0.5203%	Link
Revista_Baetica	12,691,369	1,030	1.3409%	0.4357%	Link
Guia_Digital_Patrimonio_Andalucia_Patrimonio_Inmueble	12,156,307	18,287	1.2844%	7.7357%	Link
Revista_Arte_Individuo_Y_Sociedad	12,009,920	1,168	1.2689%	0.4941%	Link
Libros_Instituto_Geografico_Nacional	11,046,546	82	1.1671%	0.0347%	Link
Revista_Hipogrifo	10,902,761	1,082	1.1519%	0.4577%	Link
Revista_Cuadernos_De_Ilustracion_Y_Romanticismo	10,651,320	798	1.1254%	0.3376%	Link
Revista_Cuadernos_De_Historia_Moderna	10,003,156	876	1.0569%	0.3706%	Link
Revista_Ilu	8,293,223	773	0.8762%	0.3270%	Link
Revista_Lucentum	8,063,553	389	0.8520%	0.1646%	Link
Revista_Cuadernos_De_Historia_Contemporanea	8,029,086	834	0.8483%	0.3528%	Link
Revistas_Cultura_Jaume_I	7,792,816	631	0.8234%	0.2669%	Link
Publicaciones_Patrimonio_Subdireccion_Defensa	7,569,501	77	0.7998%	0.0326%	Link
Revista_Saguntum	7,390,053	539	0.7808%	0.2280%	Link
Patrimonio_Anales_De_Historia_Del_Arte	7,350,468	716	0.7766%	0.3029%	Link
Revista_Cuadernos_De_Prehistoria_Y_Arqueologia	7,088,588	429	0.7490%	0.1815%	Link
Revista_Investigaciones_De_Historia_Economica	7,078,046	814	0.7478%	0.3443%	Link
Patrimonio_Arqueologia_Y_Territorio_Medieval	6,861,392	373	0.7249%	0.1578%	Link
BOE_Patrimonio	6,703,747	8	0.7083%	0.0034%	Link
Revista_El_Futuro_Del_Pasado	6,247,979	14	0.6601%	0.0059%	Link
Revista_Investigaciones_Historicas_Epoca_Moderna_Y_Contemporanea	5,578,182	478	0.5894%	0.2022%	Link
Patrimonio_Boletin_De_Literatura_Oral	5,328,499	266	0.5630%	0.1125%	Link
Tesis_Palacios	5,141,310	10	0.5432%	0.0042%	Link
Revista_Castilla	5,020,526	578	0.5304%	0.2445%	Link
Revista_Studia_Aurea	5,005,694	335	0.5289%	0.1417%	Link
Guia_Digital_Patrimonio_Andalucia_Patrimonio_Inmaterial	4,902,654	1,845	0.5180%	0.7805%	Link
Revista_Estudios_Romanicos	4,806,804	515	0.5079%	0.2179%	Link
Revista_Pasavento	4,594,416	453	0.4854%	0.1916%	Link
Revista_Paleohispanica	4,331,377	333	0.4576%	0.1409%	Link
Revista_Acotaciones	4,261,752	504	0.4503%	0.2132%	Link
Revista_Cauriensia	4,079,146	367	0.4310%	0.1552%	Link
Revista_Anuario_Lope_De_Vega	3,967,112	409	0.4192%	0.1730%	Link
Revista_Panta_Rei	3,606,096	281	0.3810%	0.1189%	Link
Revista_Janus	3,486,313	218	0.3684%	0.0922%	Link
Revista_Rubrica_Contemporanea	3,380,441	232	0.3572%	0.0981%	Link
Revista_Quiroga	3,252,848	379	0.3437%	0.1603%	Link
Revista_Brumal	3,191,857	181	0.3372%	0.0766%	Link
Revista_Edad_Media	2,908,244	319	0.3073%	0.1349%	Link
Revista_Saitabi	2,760,118	189	0.2916%	0.0799%	Link
Revista_Anales_De_Arqueologia_Cordobesa	2,741,395	170	0.2896%	0.0719%	Link
Revista_Anuario_Calderoniano	2,477,230	267	0.2617%	0.1129%	Link
Publicaciones_Patrimonio_Cultural_Madrid	2,464,665	43	0.2604%	0.0182%	Link
Revista_Edad_De_Oro	2,323,803	237	0.2455%	0.1003%	Link
Revista_Aragon_En_La_Edad_Media	2,282,252	120	0.2411%	0.0508%	Link
Revista_Santander_Estudios_Patrimonio	2,151,563	134	0.2273%	0.0567%	Link
Revista_Molinum	2,150,286	24	0.2272%	0.0102%	Link
Revista_Electronica_Complutense_De_Investigacion_En_Educacion_Musical	2,129,571	158	0.2250%	0.0668%	Link
Revista_Escritura_Imagen	2,007,655	218	0.2121%	0.0922%	Link
Patrimonio_Cuadernos_De_Arte_Prehistorico	1,934,449	127	0.2044%	0.0537%	Link
Revista_MuseosEs	1,737,966	8	0.1836%	0.0034%	Link
Revista_Potestas	1,668,484	129	0.1763%	0.0546%	Link
Revista_Eikon	1,639,156	136	0.1732%	0.0575%	Link
Revista_UcoArte	1,638,460	140	0.1731%	0.0592%	Link
Revista_De_Medio_Aevo	1,506,558	115	0.1592%	0.0486%	Link
Revista_Imago	1,437,216	175	0.1519%	0.0740%	Link
Revista_Pygmalion	1,385,374	230	0.1464%	0.0973%	Link
Revista_Historia_Social_Y_De_La_Educacion	1,381,186	113	0.1459%	0.0478%	Link
Revista_Amaltea	1,260,417	126	0.1332%	0.0533%	Link
Patrimonio_Castilla_Y_Leon	1,189,827	1,049	0.1257%	0.4437%	Link
Revista_ReVisiones	1,172,930	150	0.1239%	0.0635%	Link
Actas_De_Arquitectura_Religiosa_Contemporanea	1,147,371	145	0.1212%	0.0613%	Link
Revista_Estudis	1,127,559	105	0.1191%	0.0444%	Link
Revista_ASRI	1,118,663	102	0.1182%	0.0431%	Link
Revista_El_Pajaro_De_Benin	929,162	69	0.0982%	0.0292%	Link
Revista_Ad_Limina	878,163	7	0.0928%	0.0030%	Link
Revista_Andelma	858,942	168	0.0908%	0.0711%	Link
Revista_AusArt	841,225	107	0.0889%	0.0453%	Link
Revista_Otarq	797,772	4	0.0843%	0.0017%	Link
Mineralogia_Topologia_Iberica_Lamparas	712,411	6	0.0753%	0.0025%	Link
Mineralogia_Topologia_Iberica_Acopios	664,062	13	0.0702%	0.0055%	Link
Mineralogia_Topologia_Iberica_Hastial	654,350	10	0.0691%	0.0042%	Link
Revista_Sarmental	538,358	42	0.0569%	0.0178%	Link
Ministerio_De_Cultura_Patrimonio_Filmoteca_Española	506,171	3,177	0.0535%	1.3439%	Link
Bienes_Culturales_Castilla_LaMancha	440,081	628	0.0465%	0.2657%	Link
Revista_Riparia	406,607	44	0.0430%	0.0186%	Link
Mineralogia_Topologia_Iberica_Amalgama	318,606	45	0.0337%	0.0190%	Link
Patrimonio_Cultural_Inmaterial_Comunidades_Autonomas	259,436	168	0.0274%	0.0711%	Link
Revista_Buñueliana	241,062	27	0.0255%	0.0114%	Link
Revista_Crater	210,400	20	0.0222%	0.0085%	Link
Patrimonio_Cataluña	140,534	331	0.0148%	0.1400%	Link
Obras_Singulares_Museos_Andalucia	140,268	368	0.0148%	0.1557%	Link
Guia_Digital_Patrimonio_Andalucia_Paisaje_Cultural	109,668	116	0.0116%	0.0491%	Link
Ministerio_De_Cultura_Patrimonio_Audiovisual_Cine_Español	25,115	167	0.0027%	0.0706%	Link
UNESCO	17,011	70	0.0018%	0.0296%	Link
Somos_Patrimonio	9,318	48	0.0010%	0.0203%	Link
Adquisiciones_Archivo_Historico	9,236	25	0.0010%	0.0106%	Link
Fiestas_Patrimoniales	8,755	19	0.0009%	0.0080%	Link
Patrimonio_Cultural_Inmaterial_España	6,519	13	0.0007%	0.0055%	Link
Patrimonio_Cultural_Inmaterial_UNESCO	652	1	0.0001%	0.0004%	Link
TOTAL	946,467,028	236,399	100.0000%	100.0000% -	-

Example Usage

To load the dataset:

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load the complete dataset
data = load_dataset("SINAI/ALIA-cultural-heritage", trust_remote_code=True)

# Load with streaming
stream_data = load_dataset("SINAI/ALIA-cultural-heritage", trust_remote_code=True, streaming=True)

Example of data access:

example = data["train"][0]
print(f"ID: {example['id']}")
print(f"Source: {example['source_id']}")
print(f"Tokens: {example['tokens']}")
print(f"Text: {example['text'][:200]}...")

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

This corpus was created to address the need for large, structured, and legally reusable linguistic resources in the cultural heritage domain in Spanish. It supports the ALIA initiative by providing a curated documentary foundation for training AI models and conducting computational analysis of cultural assets, historical publications, and institutional heritage records.

Source Data

The corpus integrates documentation from multiple publicly accessible repositories, including:

Heritage Inventories and Catalogs

• Regional and national heritage inventories (e.g., Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Cataluña).
• Digital guides of Andalusian property heritage (movable, immovable, intangible heritage, and cultural landscapes).
• Intangible cultural heritage portals (national, autonomous communities, and UNESCO-oriented records).

Institutional and Public Heritage Repositories

• Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico (IAPH) repositories and publications.
• Public digital publications on heritage and culture (including Ministry of Defense heritage publications).
• Specialized resources such as archival works and acquisitions.

Academic Journals and Humanities Publications

• Broad collections of peer-reviewed journals and historical/cultural periodicals (e.g., Revistas CSIC, Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica cultural magazines, archaeology and history journals).
• Thematic journals covering art history, archaeology, medieval studies, folklore, philology, cultural studies, and conservation.

Audiovisual and Documentary Heritage

• Spanish audiovisual heritage records (ICAA catalog resources and Filmoteca Española-related material).
• Documentary and bibliographic heritage references from institutional collections.

Open Knowledge and Reference Resources

• Cultural heritage content from Spanish Wikipedia and complementary reference repositories.
• UNESCO-related and dissemination-oriented heritage resources.

All data come from official, institutional, academic, or publicly accessible sources.

Data Collection and Processing

The current corpus version corresponds to a processed and enriched parquet release. The pipeline includes:

Step 1: Source consolidation and normalization

• Integration of heterogeneous source formats into a unified schema.
• Normalization of identifiers and source tags.

Step 2: Language and quality filtering

• Selection and preservation of Spanish textual content.
• Basic quality checks to remove malformed records.

Step 3: Deduplication and cleaning

• Reduction of repeated or highly similar content.
• Text cleaning and standardization for downstream NLP usage.

Step 4: Quality filters and final cleaning

• Application of multiple specialized filters
• Correction of encoding errors
• Removal of sensitive or identifiable information

Token counting was performed using tiktoken.

Final corpus size in the latest parquet release:

• Tokens: 946,467,028
• Instances: 236,399
• Sources: 102

Annotations

The dataset does not provide task-specific manual annotations. It contains structural metadata fields generated during collection and preprocessing.

Personal and Sensitive Information

The corpus is assembled from public sources and has undergone processing steps oriented to large-scale textual reuse. Some documents may still contain personal names or role references appearing in public institutional or academic official contexts. Users are advised to apply additional controls depending on the specific use of the corpus.

Citation

SINAI Research Group - Universidad de Jaen. ALIA Cultural Heritage Corpus, version 1.0. 2026. https://huggingface.co/datasets/SINAI/ALIA-cultural-heritage

@misc{alia-cultural-heritage,
  title={ALIA Cultural Heritage},
  author={SINAI Research Group},
  year={2026},
  publisher={HuggingFace},
  howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/SINAI/ALIA-cultural-heritage}}
}

Considerations for Using the Data

Social Impact of Dataset

This corpus contributes to democratizing access to cultural heritage documentation in Spanish. It can support AI systems for heritage dissemination, documentation support, educational access, and research acceleration in humanities and social sciences.

Discussion of Biases

Potential biases include:

• Institutional register bias: The corpus is dominated by formal and academic language, not colloquial speech.
• Source concentration bias: A reduced number of high-volume sources contributes a substantial share of total tokens.
• Regional representation bias: Coverage depends on digitization and publication practices across institutions and territories.
• Historical and editorial bias: Heritage narratives may reflect dominant historiographic, institutional, or curatorial perspectives.

Other Known Limitations

• Source OCR and digitization quality may vary across collections.
• Temporal coverage is uneven across source datasets.
• Some records include highly structured or catalog-like text that may differ from narrative prose.
• Token and source statistics are specific to the current enriched parquet release and may change in future updates.

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Contact: ALIA Project - SINAI Research Group - Universidad de Jaen