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| method: |
| id: net |
| name: Natural Environment Teaching |
| short: NET |
| citation: "Hart, B. & Risley, T. R. (1975). JABA, 8(4), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1975.8-411; McGee, G. G., Krantz, P. J., & McClannahan, L. E. (1985). JABA, 18(1), 17–31." |
| when_to_use: > |
| Mand / requesting; generalization phase; when motivation is the limiting |
| factor; when the skill's natural occasion is ecologically predictable |
| (e.g., requesting food during snack time). |
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| skill_domains: |
| vbmapp: |
| levels: |
| - id: L1 |
| name: Level 1 |
| developmental_age: "0–18 months" |
| - id: L2 |
| name: Level 2 |
| developmental_age: "18–30 months" |
| - id: L3 |
| name: Level 3 |
| developmental_age: "30–48 months" |
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| domains: |
| - id: mand |
| name: Mand |
| gloss: Requesting |
| L1: |
| - single-word mands for preferred items |
| - mands for missing items needed to complete an activity |
| - mands for actions |
| - mands for help |
| - mands using 2-word phrases |
| - mands for a break (e.g., "break please", AAC "I need a break") |
| - mands for activity completion ("all done", "finished") |
| - mands to use the bathroom (e.g., "bathroom", "potty", "I need to go", AAC bathroom icon) |
| L2: |
| - mands for information using "what" |
| - mands for information using "where" |
| - mands using adjectives (big, little, more) |
| - mands for attention from peers |
| - mands for others to stop an action |
| - mands for a break during a non-preferred task ("break please, I need a break") |
| - mands to indicate completion of a step or activity ("all done with this one") |
| L3: |
| - mands for information using "why" |
| - mands for information using "when" |
| - mands using complete sentences with correct grammar |
| - mands for future events or items not present |
| - mands using polite social conventions |
| - mands for a break with reason ("I need a break, I'm frustrated") |
| - mands to indicate completion in context ("I'm all done with math, can I start reading?") |
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| - id: social |
| name: Social Behavior & Social Play |
| L1: |
| - makes eye contact during interactions |
| - responds to own name |
| - engages in social games (peek-a-boo, tickle) |
| - shows items to others spontaneously |
| - tolerates proximity of peers during parallel play |
| L2: |
| - initiates social interactions with peers |
| - takes turns during structured activities |
| - shares materials with peers when prompted |
| - engages in cooperative play with one peer |
| - responds to peer initiations appropriately |
| L3: |
| - maintains reciprocal conversations with peers |
| - demonstrates empathy and perspective-taking |
| - negotiates and compromises during group activities |
| - joins ongoing peer activities appropriately |
| - maintains friendships over time |
|
|
| - id: spontaneous_vocal |
| name: Spontaneous Vocal Behavior |
| L1: |
| - spontaneously vocalizes during preferred activities |
| - spontaneously names items in the environment |
| - spontaneously requests desired items without prompts |
| - spontaneously greets familiar people |
| - spontaneously comments on events |
| L2: |
| - spontaneously describes ongoing activities |
| - spontaneously asks questions about the environment |
| - spontaneously reports past events |
| - spontaneously uses social phrases appropriately |
| - spontaneously initiates conversation with peers |
| L3: |
| - spontaneously tells stories or narratives |
| - spontaneously makes relevant comments in conversations |
| - spontaneously adjusts language to different listeners |
| - spontaneously uses humor appropriately |
| - spontaneously provides explanations and reasons |
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|
| - id: intraverbal |
| name: Intraverbal |
| gloss: Contextualized verbal-to-verbal responding |
| L2: |
| - answers WH-questions about familiar topics |
| - describes function of common objects |
| - names items in categories when given the category |
| - answers social questions (How are you?) |
| - describes recent events in sequence |
| L3: |
| - answers why- and how-questions |
| - engages in multi-turn conversations on a topic |
| - makes inferences from given information |
| - provides definitions of words |
| - answers hypothetical questions |
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| mo_arrangements: |
| - id: deprivation_preferred_item |
| applies_to: [mand_item, mand_action] |
| text: "Briefly withhold or restrict access to the target preferred item/activity for 30–60 seconds to establish motivation before the teaching opportunity." |
| context_examples: [snack time, free play, leisure time] |
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| - id: missing_item_completion |
| applies_to: [mand_help, mand_missing] |
| text: "Arrange an activity that requires a specific item to complete, then omit that item from the available materials. Wait for the learner to notice the gap." |
| context_examples: [art activity, snack preparation, puzzle] |
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|
| - id: break_opportunity |
| applies_to: [mand_break] |
| text: "Present a brief non-preferred task or demand at a level the learner can tolerate but may wish to pause. Wait for a request-for-break topography; honor the request immediately on first acquisition (CRF), thin later." |
| context_examples: [work time, tabletop task, academic period] |
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|
| - id: completion_opportunity |
| applies_to: [mand_completion] |
| text: "Set up a clearly-bounded activity with a visible endpoint (e.g., a worksheet, a puzzle, a sorting task). Wait for the learner to indicate completion verbally or via AAC; honor the indication immediately." |
| context_examples: [worksheet, puzzle, sorting task, meal] |
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| - id: bathroom_opportunity |
| applies_to: [mand_bathroom] |
| text: "Arrange a scheduled toileting window (typically 30–60 minutes after fluid intake) and observe for pre-toileting signs (body position, vocalization, squirming). Model the mand topography (vocal, sign, or AAC icon) at the first sign of need; reinforce any approximation with immediate escort to the bathroom. Do not prompt after an accident has started." |
| context_examples: [post-snack window, post-drink window, scheduled mid-morning check, end-of-activity transition] |
|
|
| - id: unexpected_change |
| applies_to: [mand_info_what, mand_info_where, spontaneous_comment] |
| text: "Create a small environmental change (new item, familiar item in new location, surprise event) that invites a verbal comment or question." |
| context_examples: [morning greeting, room transition, activity setup] |
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| - id: peer_presence |
| applies_to: [social_initiation, social_turn_taking, peer_mand] |
| text: "Arrange a shared activity with one or more peers where the target response is naturally occasioned (turn-taking game, shared snack, collaborative task)." |
| context_examples: [peer play, circle time, shared snack] |
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| - id: reciprocal_conversation |
| applies_to: [intraverbal_multi_turn, social_reciprocal, spontaneous_narrative] |
| text: "Engage the learner in a naturalistic conversation on a topic of demonstrated interest. Pause at natural turn boundaries to invite the target response." |
| context_examples: [transition conversation, post-activity debrief, leisure chat] |
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| - id: routine_lead_in |
| applies_to: [spontaneous_greeting, intraverbal_routine] |
| text: "Use the natural beginning/ending of an established routine (morning arrival, mealtime, departure) as the moment for the target response." |
| context_examples: [arrival, snack, departure] |
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| natural_contexts: |
| - snack time |
| - free play with preferred materials |
| - transition between activities |
| - morning arrival routine |
| - peer group game |
| - art / craft activity |
| - leisure / sensory break |
| - outdoor play |
| - shared meal preparation |
| - departure routine |
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| prompt_strategies: |
| - id: time_delay |
| name: Time Delay |
| description: "Wait a brief interval (0->2->4 s) for independent response before delivering a model or verbal prompt." |
| best_for: "Most NET mand and spontaneous vocal targets." |
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| - id: model_then_fade |
| name: Model + immediate fade |
| description: "Deliver a vocal/gestural model if no response within the motivated moment; fade to expectant look over sessions." |
| best_for: "Acquisition of new mand topographies." |
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| - id: expectant_look |
| name: Expectant look (pause) |
| description: "Deliver no prompt — maintain eye contact and hold the preferred item until the learner responds." |
| best_for: "Established mands; fading teacher-delivered prompts." |
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| - id: verbal_fill_in |
| name: Verbal fill-in |
| description: "Deliver a partial phrase and pause; learner completes the vocal response." |
| best_for: "Song, rhyme, or scripted social-phrase targets." |
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| natural_reinforcer_examples: |
| mand_item: "immediate access to the requested item for 30–60 seconds." |
| mand_action: "performance of the requested action." |
| mand_help: "adult delivers the requested help, task completed together." |
| mand_missing: "the missing item is provided, activity can continue." |
| mand_break: "immediate brief escape from the demand (30–60 seconds) to a neutral or preferred activity." |
| mand_completion: "the activity ends immediately and the learner transitions to the next preferred activity." |
| mand_bathroom: "immediate escort to the bathroom; the learner is not required to complete the current task before going. Pairing the mand with timely bathroom access is what teaches the learner that requesting works." |
| mand_info_what: "adult answers the question informatively." |
| mand_info_where: "adult answers the question or provides location." |
| mand_attention: "adult attends to the learner and engages briefly." |
| social_initiation: "peer engages back; activity continues with both." |
| social_turn_taking: "turn is delivered; game continues." |
| spontaneous_comment: "adult attends to the comment with matching affect." |
| spontaneous_greeting: "adult returns the greeting warmly." |
| intraverbal_multi_turn: "conversation continues with adult's naturally matched reply." |
| default: "natural social or tangible consequence matching the function of the response." |
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| mastery_criteria: |
| - id: mc_indep_natural_env |
| text: "Independent use of target response across 3 natural opportunities per day for 3 consecutive days." |
| - id: mc_generalize_multi_therapist |
| text: "Independent use across 3 different adults and 2 different settings within 2 weeks." |
| - id: mc_peer_initiation |
| text: "Independent use with a peer in unstructured free play across 2 consecutive sessions." |
| - id: mc_spontaneous_rate |
| text: "Average rate of ≥ 3 spontaneous responses per 30-minute session across 3 consecutive sessions." |
| - id: mc_fluent_exchange |
| text: "Fluent exchange (response within 3 s of MO / opportunity) with appropriate topography, 80% of opportunities across 3 sessions." |
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