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to the fact that fewer women knew how to swim. ] During and after a natural disaster, women are at increased risk of being affected by gender based violence and are increasingly vulnerable to sexual violence. Disrupted police enforcement, lax regulations, and displacement all contribute to increased risk of gender base...
preparedness , which may end up affecting government incentives to invest in such preparedness. ] Landslides , also known as landslips, or rockslides, ] ] ] are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls , mudflows , shallow or deep-seated slope failures and debri...
. Coastal erosion is a physical process by which shorelines in coastal areas around the world shift and change, primarily in response to waves and currents that can be influenced by tides and storm surge. ] Coastal erosion can result from long-term processes (see also beach evolution ) as well as from episodic events s...
ocean or a large lake. Tsunamis can be caused by undersea earthquakes such as the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami , or by landslides such as the one in 1958 at Lituya Bay, Alaska , or by volcanic eruptions such as the ancient eruption of Santorini . On March 11, 2011, a tsunami occurred near Fukushima, Japan and spread through...
will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, a flood is not considered significant unless the water covers land used by humans, such as a village, city or other inhabited area, roads or expanses of farmland. Severe storms, dust clouds and volcanic eruptions can generate lightning . Apart from the dam...
United States, when many tons of wheat crops were destroyed. In Asia, the 1972 Iran blizzard and the 2008 Afghanistan blizzard , were the deadliest blizzards in history; in the former, an area the size of Wisconsin was entirely buried in snow. The 1993 Superstorm originated in the Gulf of Mexico and traveled north, cau...
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory , these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society , but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example: Regulation in the social, political, psychological, and econom...
from 0 to 5. The V-Dem Democracy indices include the regulatory quality indicator. ] The QuantGov project ] at the Mercatus Center tracks the count of regulations by topic for United States, Canada, and Australia. Regulation of businesses existed in the ancient early Egyptian, Indian, Greek, and Roman civilizations. St...
World War I ] or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War , was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers . Fighting took place mainly in Europe and the Middle East , as well as in parts of Africa and the Asia-Pacific , and in Euro...
Paris Peace Conference of 1919–1920 imposed settlements on the defeated powers, most notably the Treaty of Versailles , by which Germany lost significant territories, was disarmed, and was required to pay large war reparations to the Allies. The dissolution of the Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires ...
by France or Austria-Hungary. ] For Bismarck, peace with Russia was the foundation of German foreign policy but in 1890, he was forced to retire by Wilhelm II . The latter was persuaded not to renew the Reinsurance Treaty by his new Chancellor , Leo von Caprivi . ] This gave France an opening to agree the Franco-Russia...
to three years; similar measures were taken by the Balkan powers and Italy, which led to increased expenditure by the Ottomans and Austria-Hungary. Absolute figures are difficult to calculate due to differences in categorising expenditure since they often omit civilian infrastructure projects like railways which had lo...
and Southern Dobruja to Romania. ] The result was that even countries which benefited from the Balkan Wars, such as Serbia and Greece, felt cheated of their "rightful gains", while for Austria it demonstrated the apparent indifference with which other powers viewed their concerns, including Germany. ] This complex mix ...
best way of achieving this. ] However, the Foreign Ministry had no solid proof of Serbian involvement. ] On 23 July, Austria delivered an ultimatum to Serbia, listing ten demands made intentionally unacceptable to provide an excuse for starting hostilities. ] Serbia ordered general mobilization on 25 July, but accepted...
Early on the morning of 4 August, the Germans invaded, and Albert I of Belgium called for assistance under the Treaty of London . ] ] Britain sent Germany an ultimatum demanding they withdraw from Belgium; when this expired at midnight, without a response, the two empires were at war. ] Germany promised to support Aust...
advance in the West was very successful. By the end of August, the Allied left, which included the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), was in full retreat , and the French offensive in Alsace-Lorraine was a disastrous failure, with casualties exceeding 260,000. ] German planning provided broad strategic instructions whi...
of Togoland and Kamerun . On 10 August, German forces in South-West Africa attacked South Africa; sporadic and fierce fighting continued for the rest of the war. The German colonial forces in German East Africa , led by Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck , fought a guerrilla warfare campaign and only surrendered two weeks...
would destroy the German defences. ] Both sides tried to break the stalemate using scientific and technological advances. On 22 April 1915, at the Second Battle of Ypres , the Germans (violating the Hague Convention ) used chlorine gas for the first time on the Western Front. Several types of gas soon became widely use...
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , ] is a country in Northwestern Europe , off the coast of the continental mainland . ] ] It comprises the countries of England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . ] ] The UK includes the island of ...
and Wales , Scotland , and Northern Ireland . ] Since 1999, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own governments and parliaments which control various devolved matters. ] The UK is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). It is a nuclear state , a...
referring to embassies), ] while acknowledging that both terms refer to the United Kingdom and that elsewhere "British government" is used at least as frequently as "United Kingdom government". ] The UK Permanent Committee on Geographical Names recognises "United Kingdom", "UK" and "U.K." as shortened and abbreviated g...
unsuccessfully to annex Scotland . Asserting its independence in the 1320 Declaration of Arbroath , Scotland maintained its independence thereafter, albeit in near-constant conflict with England . In 1215 the Magna Carta was the first document to state that no government was above the law, that citizens have rights pro...
and the Caribbean. ] Though previous attempts at uniting the two kingdoms within Great Britain in 1606, 1667, and 1689 had proved unsuccessful, the attempt initiated in 1705 led to the Treaty of Union of 1706 being agreed and ratified by both parliaments. On 1 May 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain was formed, the resu...
own colonies, British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of regions such as East Asia and Latin America . ] Throughout the Victorian era , political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies. Beginning with the Great Reform Act in 1832, Parliament graduall...
Ireland over the terms of Irish Home Rule , led eventually to the partition of the island in 1921. ] A period of conflict in what is now Northern Ireland occurred from June 1920 until June 1922. The Irish Free State became independent, initially with Dominion status in 1922, and unambiguously independent in 1931 . Nort...
Labour government under Clement Attlee initiated a radical programme of reforms, which significantly impacted British society in the following decades . ] Major industries and public utilities were nationalised , a welfare state was established, and a comprehensive, publicly funded healthcare system, the National Healt...
which Argentine forces were defeated. The inhabitants of the islands are predominantly descendants of British settlers, and strongly favour British sovereignty, expressed in a 2013 referendum . From 1984, the UK economy was helped by the inflow of substantial North Sea oil revenues. ] Another British overseas territory...
The Road Traffic Act 1930 ( 20 & 21 Geo. 5 . c. 43) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom introduced by the Minister of Transport Herbert Morrison . The last major legislation on road traffic was the Motor Car Act 1903 . Amendments had been discussed in 1905, ] 1911, 1913 ] and 1914 ] as the Motor Car Act (...
Nazi Germany , ] officially known as the German Reich ] and later the Greater German Reich , ] was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship . The Third Reich , ] meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred...
opportunities for women were curtailed . Nazi Propaganda Ministry disseminated films, antisemitic canards , and organized mass rallies; fostering a pervasive cult of personality around Adolf Hitler to influence public opinion. The government controlled artistic expression, promoting specific art forms and banning or di...
radical antisemitism , and anti- Bolshevism . ] They promised a strong central government, increased Lebensraum ("living space") for Germanic peoples, formation of a national community based on race, and racial cleansing via the active suppression of Jews , who would be stripped of their citizenship and civil rights. ]...
violated the constitution—without the consent of the president or the Reichstag. ] As the bill required a two-thirds majority to pass, the Nazis used intimidation tactics as well as the provisions of the Reichstag Fire Decree to keep several Social Democratic deputies from attending, and the Communists had already been...
to apply pressure for greater political and military power. In response, Hitler used the Schutzstaffel (SS) and Gestapo to purge the entire SA leadership. ] Hitler targeted SA Stabschef (Chief of Staff) Ernst Röhm and other SA leaders who—along with a number of Hitler's political adversaries (such as Gregor Strasser an...
as to do so was in violation of the Versailles Treaty. On 17 May 1933, Hitler gave a speech before the Reichstag outlining his desire for world peace and accepted an offer from American President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military disarmament, provided the other nations of Europe did the same. ] When the other European...
with enthusiasm by the populace. ] The Republic of Czechoslovakia was home to a substantial minority of Germans, who lived mostly in the Sudetenland . Under pressure from separatist groups within the Sudeten German Party , the Czechoslovak government offered economic concessions to the region. ] Hitler decided not just...
as Vichy France . ] Hungary was the fourth nation to join the Axis, signing the Tripartite Pact on 27 September 1940. Bulgaria signed the pact on 17 November. German efforts to secure oil included negotiating a supply from their new ally, Romania , who signed the Pact on 23 November, alongside the Slovak Republic. ] ] ...
, industrial firms in the Netherlands, France, and Belgium were put to work producing war materiel for Germany. ] The Nazis seized from the French thousands of locomotives and rolling stock, stockpiles of weapons, and raw materials such as copper, tin, oil, and nickel. ] Payments for occupation costs were levied upon F...
disastrously in December . ] On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor , Hawaii. Four days later, Germany declared war on the United States. ] Food was in short supply in the conquered areas of the Soviet Union and Poland, as the retreating armies had burned the crops in some areas, and much of the remainder was ...
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , ] is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . ] Comprising six states and ten territories , Australia has a total area of 7,688,287 km 2 (2,968,464 sq mi), making it the sixth-largest co...
organisations ANZUS , AUKUS , and the Five Eyes . It is also a major non-NATO ally of the United States. ] The name Australia (pronounced in Australian English ] ) is derived from the Latin Terra Australis ( ' southern land ' ), a name used for a hypothetical continent in the Southern Hemisphere since ancient times. ] ...
3 million. ] ] ] Aboriginal Australians cultures were (and remain) deeply connected with the land and the environment, with stories of The Dreaming maintained through oral tradition , songs , dance and paintings. ] Certain groups engaged in fire-stick farming , ] ] fish farming , ] ] and built semi-permanent shelters ....
the 1808 Rum Rebellion , Australia's only successful coup d'état . ] Over the next two decades, social and economic reforms, together with the establishment of a Legislative Council and Supreme Court , saw New South Wales transition from a penal colony to a civil society. ] ] The indigenous population declined for 150 ...
forces . ] ] On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies was achieved after a decade of planning, constitutional conventions and referendums , resulting in the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia as a nation under the new Australian Constitution . ] After the 1907 Imperial Conference , Australia and severa...
of immigration from across Europe , with such immigrants referred to as " New Australians ". ] This required a relaxation of the white Australia policy , that was justified to Australians using the slogan "populate or perish". ] A member of the Western Bloc during the Cold War , Australia participated in the Korean War...
island . ] Australia has 34,218 km (21,262 mi) of coastline (excluding all offshore islands), ] and claims an extensive exclusive economic zone of 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,060 sq mi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory . ] Mainland Australia lies between latitudes...
the Kimberley and Arnhem Land savannas, forming a transition between the coastal savannas and the interior deserts. ] ] ] At the heart of the country are the uplands of central Australia . Prominent features of the centre and south include Uluru (also known as Ayers Rock), the famous sandstone monolith, and the inland ...
low, with the greatest number of fatalities having occurred in the 1989 Newcastle earthquake . ] The climate of Australia is significantly influenced by ocean currents, including the Indian Ocean Dipole and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation , which is correlated with periodic drought , and the seasonal tropical low-pres...
New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW ) is a state on the east coast of Australia . It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Coral and Tasman Seas to the east. The Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory are enclaves within th...
, where Phillip established a settlement at the place he named Sydney Cove (in honour of the Secretary of State, Lord Sydney ) on 26 January 1788. ] This date later became Australia's national day, Australia Day . Governor Phillip formally proclaimed the colony on 7 February 1788 at Sydney. Phillip, as Governor of New ...
New South Wales. ] It was administered as a dependency until becoming the separate Colony of New Zealand on 3 May 1841. ] ] From the 1820s, squatters increasingly established unauthorised cattle and sheep runs beyond the official limits of the settled colony. In 1836, an annual licence was introduced in an attempt to c...
of the rail network inland also encouraged regional industries and the development of the wheat belt . ] In the 1880s trade unions grew and were extended to lower skilled workers. In 1890 a strike in the shipping industry spread to wharves, railways, mines, and shearing sheds. The defeat of the strike was one of the fa...
or Liberal Reform and implemented a range of social reforms with Labor support. Women won the right to vote in NSW elections in 1902, but were ineligible to stand for parliament until 1918. Labor increased its parliamentary representation in every election from 1904 before coming to power in 1910 with a majority of one...
Manufacturing, steelmaking, shipbuilding and rail transport all grew with the war effort and unemployment virtually disappeared. ] A Labor government led by William McKell was elected in May 1941. The McKell government benefited from full employment, budget surpluses, and a co-operative relationship with John Curtin's ...
for possible corruption over the offer of a public service position to a former Liberal MP. Greiner resigned but was later cleared of corruption. His replacement as Liberal leader and Premier was John Fahey , whose government narrowly lost the 1995 election to the ALP under Bob Carr , who was to become the longest serv...
subtropical rainforest in the state. ] The Illawarra region is centred on the city of Wollongong, with the Shoalhaven , Eurobodalla and the Sapphire Coast to the south. The Central Coast lies between Sydney and Newcastle, with the Mid North Coast and Northern Rivers regions reaching northwards to the Queensland border....
the east receives between 700 and 1,400 mm (28 and 55 in) of rain. ] The climate along the flat, coastal plain east of the range varies from oceanic in the south to humid subtropical in the northern half of the state, right above Wollongong . Rainfall is highest in this area; however, it still varies from around 800 mi...
is also the lowest temperature recorded in the whole of Australia excluding the Antarctic Territory. ] The estimated population of New South Wales at the end of December 2021 was 8,095,430 people, representing approximately 31.42% of nationwide population. ] In June 2017 Sydney was home to almost two-thirds (65.3%) of ...
The Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ), known as the Federal Capital Territory ( FCT ) until 1938, is a federal territory of Australia. Canberra , the capital city of Australia, is situated within the territory, and serves as the territory's primate city . It is located in southeastern Australian mainland as an encla...
of the territory elect three members of the House of Representatives and two senators . With 453,324 residents, the Australian Capital Territory is the second smallest mainland state or territory by population. At the 2016 census , the median weekly income for people in the territory aged over 15 was $998, significantl...
began in 1824 with the construction of a homestead by his stockmen on what is now the Acton Peninsula . ] Moore formally purchased the site in 1826 and named the property Canberry or Canberra . ] A significant influx of population and economic activity occurred around the 1850s goldrushes . ] The goldrushes prompted th...
was deployed to the region in the same year to map out a specific site and, after an extensive search, settled upon the present location, ] basing the borders primarily on the need to secure a stable water supply for the planned capital. ] The Australian Capital Territory was transferred to the Commonwealth by New Sout...
planning body with executive power. Consequently, the National Capital Planning and Development Committee was replaced by the National Capital Development Commission in 1957. ] The National Capital Development Commission ended four decades of disputes over the shape and design of Lake Burley Griffin and construction wa...
the city of Canberra and some towns such as Williamsdale , Oaks Estate , Uriarra Village , Tharwa and Hall . The Australian Capital Territory also contains agricultural land ( sheep , dairy cattle , vineyards and small amounts of crops) and a large area of national park ( Namadgi National Park ), much of it mountainous...
and trilobites from the Silurian period were discovered at Woolshed Creek near Duntroon . At the time, these were the oldest fossils discovered in Australia, though this record has now been far surpassed. ] Other specific geological places of interest include the State Circle cutting and the Deakin anticline . ] ] The ...
Chief Minister (currently the Labor Party 's Andrew Barr ) and consists of Ministers appointed by them. The Executive are supported by the ACT Public Service, which is arranged into directorates, and a number of public authorities. ] The Chief Minister is the equivalent of a State Premier and sits on the National Cabin...
in 2011. ] ] The judicial power of the Territory is exercised by the territory courts. These courts are the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory , the Magistrates Court of the Australian Capital Territory and the ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal . It is unique in that the territory does not have an in...
Commonwealth Government, that area itself is still considered to be under the jurisdiction of New South Wales government, not a separate territory nor a part of the ACT. ] The Australian Bureau of Statistics estimates that the population of the territory was 453,324 on 31 December 2021, with an annual growth in 2021 of...
Queensland ( .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%} locally KWEENZ -land , commonly abbreviated as Qld ) ] is a state in northeastern Australia , and is the sec...
Islander slavery. citation needed ] Queensland was among the six colonies which became the founding states of Australia with Federation on 1 January 1901. Since the Bjelke-Petersen era of the late 20th century, Queensland has received a high level of internal migration from the other states and territories of Australia...
at what is now Redcliffe . The settlement, initially known as Edenglassie , was then transferred to the current location of the Brisbane city centre . Edmund Lockyer discovered outcrops of coal along the banks of the upper Brisbane River in 1825. ] In 1839 transportation of convicts was ceased, culminating in the closu...
of life. The conflict later spread north to the Wide Bay and Burnett River and Hervey Bay region, and at one stage the settlement of Maryborough was virtually under siege. ] The largest reasonably well-documented massacres in southeast Queensland were the Kilcoy and Whiteside poisonings, each of which was said to have ...
to the estimated 33% death rate of enslaved Africans in the first three years of being taken to America. ] The trade was legally sanctioned and regulated under Queensland law, and prominent men such as Robert Towns made massive fortunes off of exploitation of slave labour, helping to establish some of the major cities ...
the University of Queensland , was established in Brisbane in 1909. In 1911, the first alternative treatments for polio were pioneered in Queensland and remain in use across the world today. ] World War I had a major impact on Queensland . Over 58,000 Queenslanders fought in World War I and over 10,000 of them died. ] ...
events. ] After three decades of record population growth, Queensland was impacted by major floods between late 2010 and early 2011 , causing extensive damage and disruption across the state. ] ] In 2020 Queensland was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic . Despite a low number and abrupt decline in cases from April 2020 ...
with a monsoonal wet season in the tropical north, and humid sub-tropical conditions along the southern coastline. Low rainfall and hot humid summers are typical for the inland and west. Elevated areas in the south-eastern inland can experience temperatures well below freezing in mid-winter providing frost and, rarely,...
periods where Victoria and Western Australia have grown faster. Ten of Australia's thirty largest cities are located in Queensland. In 2019, the largest cities in the state by population of their Greater Capital City Statistical Area or Significant Urban Area (metropolitan areas) as defined by the Australian Bureau of ...
levels, Queensland is home to numerous state and private schools. Queensland has a public library system which is managed by the State Library of Queensland. ] Some university libraries are also open to the public. In 2019, Queensland had a gross state product of A$357,044 million, the third-highest in the nation after...
South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA ) is a state in the southern central part of Australia . It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of 984,321 square kilometres (380,048 sq mi), ] it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area. With 1.8 million peopl...
was cut off by rising sea levels . ] According to mitochondrial DNA research, Aboriginal people reached Eyre Peninsula 49,000-45,000 years ago from both the east (clockwise, along the coast, from northern Australia) and the west (anti-clockwise). ] : 189 The first recorded European sighting of the South Australian coas...
Australian Frontier Wars in South Australia. Survey was required before settlement of the province, and the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia appointed William Light as the leader of its 'First Expedition', tasked with examining 1500 miles of the South Australian coastline and selecting the best site for t...
important (but not tallest) is the Mount Lofty - Flinders Ranges system, which extends north about 800 kilometres (500 mi) from Cape Jervis to the northern end of Lake Torrens . The highest point in the state is not in those ranges; Mount Woodroffe (1,435 metres (4,708 ft)) is in the Musgrave Ranges in the extreme nort...
a total workforce of 806,593, giving an unemployment rate of 7.5%. South Australia's largest employment sector is health care and social assistance, making up 14.8% of the state's total employment, followed by retail (10.7%), education and training (8.6%), manufacturing (8%), and construction (7.6%). ] South Australia'...
The Olympic Dam mine near Roxby Downs in northern South Australia is the largest deposit of uranium in the world, possessing more than a third of the world's low-cost recoverable reserves and 70% of Australia's. The mine, owned and operated by BHP , presently accounts for 9% of global uranium production. ] ] The Olympi...
of South Australia in 1843 called the Legislative Council. ] It consisted of three representatives of the British Government and four colonists appointed by the governor. The governor retained total executive power. In 1851, the Imperial Parliament enacted the Australian Colonies Government Act , which allowed for the ...
local roads and stormwater management, waste collection, planning and development, fire prevention and hazard management, dog and cat management and control, parking control, public health and food inspections, and other services for their local communities. ] Councils have the power to raise revenue for their activiti...
16). ] Education is compulsory for all children until age 17, unless they are working or undergoing other training. The majority of students stay on to complete their South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE). School education is the responsibility of the South Australian government, but the public and private e...
of the amalgamated university. ] Tertiary vocational education is provided by a range of Registered Training Organisations (RTOs) which are regulated at Commonwealth level. The range of RTOs delivering education include public, private and 'enterprise' providers i.e. employing organisations who run an RTO for their own...
Victoria , commonly abbreviated as Vic , is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state (after Tasmania ), with a land area of 227,444 km 2 (87,817 sq mi); the second-most-populated state (after New South Wales ), with a population of over 6.9 million; ] and the most densely populated state in Au...
in 2016 a sports marketing company named it the world's sporting capital. ] Victoria has 38 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate . At state level, the Parliament of Victoria consists of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council . The Labor Party , led by Jaci...
Sydney. The first British settlement in the area later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins at Sullivan Bay on Port Phillip. It consisted of 402 people (five government officials, nine officers of marines, two drummers, and 39 privates, five soldiers' wives and a chi...
] On 1 July 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council, and the absolute independence of Victoria from New South Wales was established proclaiming a new Colony of Victoria. ] Days later, still in 1851 gold was discovered near Ballarat , and subsequently at Bendigo . Later discov...
of Australia . While Canberra was being built, Melbourne served until 1927 as the country's first federal capital. ] Victoria's northern border follows a straight line from Cape Howe to the start of the Murray River and then follows the Murray River as the remainder of the northern border. On the Murray River, the bord...
, while others for land management (agriculture or conservation) and for censusing (statistical or meteorological) or electoral purposes. The most commonly used regions are those created by the state government for the purposes of economic development . In addition to Greater Melbourne , the Victoria State Government h...
is heaviest in the Otway Ranges and Gippsland in southern Victoria and in the mountainous northeast. Snow generally falls only in the mountains and hills in the centre of the state. Rain falls most frequently in winter, but summer precipitation is heavier. Rainfall is most reliable in Gippsland and the Western District...
9% were Anglican and 3.5% were Eastern Orthodox . ] In 2017 the proportion of couples marrying in a civil ceremony in Victoria was 77.3%; the other 22.7% were married in a religious ceremony. ] The government predicts that nearly a quarter of Victorians will be aged over 60 by 2021. The 2016 census revealed that Austra...
Allan . Executive authority is vested in the Governor of Victoria who represents and is appointed by the monarch . The post is usually filled by a retired prominent Victorian. The governor acts on the advice of the premier and cabinet. The current Governor of Victoria is Margaret Gardner . Victoria has a written consti...
Shire and city councils are responsible for functions delegated by the Victorian parliament, such as city planning, road infrastructure and waste management. Council revenue comes mostly from property taxes and government grants. ] Victoria's state school system dates back to 1872, when the colonial government legislat...
The Transport Accident Commission (TAC) is the statutory insurer of third-party personal liability (CTP insurance in other states) for road accidents in the State of Victoria , Australia . It was established under the Transport Accident Act 1986. ] Its purpose is to fund treatment and support services for people injure...
the TAC funds television and billboards coupled with high-impact advertising. The TAC's most well known slogan is "If you drink, then drive, you're a bloody idiot," which was introduced in 1989. This slogan has become a catchphrase in Australia, and has even been used in other countries (including Canada and New Zealan...
Tasmania ( ; palawa kani : lutruwita ] ) is an island state of Australia . ] It is located 240 kilometres (150 miles) to the south of the Australian mainland , and is separated from it by the Bass Strait . The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-largest island in the world , and the surrounding 1000...

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