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we avoid many of the problems of selection bias. Just as memory problems are a hallmark of aging (and so it is natural to study memory processes in aging), problems with risk taking are characteristic of adolescence, and thus it is natural to study these problems in adolescence. One might say that adolescents are the “... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.408 | 0.844 | ["education", "llm"] | 454 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.928260 | [
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Dev Rev . Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Mar 1. Published in final edited form as: Dev Rev. 2008 Mar;28(1):1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.dr.2008.01.002 Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making Valerie F Reyna Valerie F Reyna 1 Departments of Human Development and Psychology; Center for Behavioral Economi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.554 | 0.706 | ["decision_making", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.928635 | [
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le University and Department of Human Development, Cornell University Find articles by Susan E Rivers 2 Author information Copyright and License information 1 Departments of Human Development and Psychology; Center for Behavioral Economics and Decision Research, Cornell University 2 Department of Psychology, Yale Unive... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.401 | 0.674 | ["education", "philosophy", "communication", "decision_making"] | 456 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.928769 | [
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ng this article should be addressed to Valerie F. Reyna, Departments of Human Development and Psychology, Cornell University, B44 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853. Email: vr53@cornell.edu . Phone: (607) 319-0655. Fax: (607) 255-9856 PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC2352159 NIHMSID: NIHMS44010 PMID: 19255598 T... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.424 | 0.854 | ["communication", "decision_making", "education"] | 512 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.928880 | [
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king, as the contributions to this special issue attest. If we contemplate the risks and consequences of smoking, substance use, reckless driving, violent crime, and unprotected sex, we cannot help but conjure up an image of the stereotypical, irrational risk taker: the adolescent. Statistics confirm that adolescents a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.344 | 0.856 | ["decision_making"] | 512 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929022 | [
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h as smoking and unhealthy eating, and a host of other risk-taking behaviors that pose challenges for the law, public health, clinical psychology, and public policy ( Reyna & Farley, 2006 ). Therefore, it is not surprising that the articles contained in this issue on risk and rational decision making focus on adolescen... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.868 | ["decision_making", "crisis", "governance"] | 511 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929086 | [
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tal differences between adolescents and other age groups, the implications of this body of work are far-reaching. Each contributor has articulated a theoretical framework that is guiding the science of risky behavior in new directions, albeit from varied perspectives (e.g., emphasizing cognitive, social, emotional, pub... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.329 | 0.836 | [] | 505 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929132 | [
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entified key theoretical and policy implications. Theories of adult behavior must take account of these perspectives or leave themselves open to the obvious criticisms that they are (a) incomplete because they ignore the origins of behavior and (b) irrelevant because they ignore major causes of death and human sufferin... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.478 | 0.848 | ["decision_making", "philosophy"] | 511 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929182 | [
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implications for theories of reasoning, judgment, and decision making, especially neurobiological and dual-process theories. Adolescent Risk Taking and the Science of Judgment and Decision Making Before moving on to the specific contributions to this issue, we want to say a word or two about how research on adolescent ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.852 | ["decision_making", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929235 | [
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a field at the intersection of important problems in law, medicine, economics, and business. Major thinkers in this field have been awarded Nobel prizes for their work, including Maurice Allais, Herbert Simon, and Daniel Kahneman. As these lists suggest, research has focused most particularly on risk and uncertainty. T... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.378 | 0.856 | ["governance", "war_conflict", "education"] | 511 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929295 | [
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rizes work appearing in prominent adult journals (e.g., Psychological Science , Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , and Psychonomic Bulletin & Review ), mainly concerns the psychology of the college sophomore. That is, it consists of experiments conducted with young adults that are aim... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.438 | 0.852 | ["economy", "education"] | 512 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929343 | [
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problem as well as other games and gambling tasks. The other approach is aimed at understanding the processes that control the behavior of various subject populations for whom risk is part of their “job description” (i.e., who are engaged in risk taking as a matter of course): insurers, stock traders, emergency-room ph... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.563 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "crisis", "career", "war_conflict", "economy"] | 491 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929391 | [
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race car drivers, mountain climbers, and others. Although studying these populations tells us about risk taking, the problem is that these categories of people might be peculiar in some way. Being in these roles is the result of a self-selection (and other-selection) process; only peculiar people might get into these r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.357 | 0.846 | ["education"] | 458 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929439 | [
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hom risk taking is a preoccupation of daily life. Moreover, as the articles in this special issue demonstrate, it is possible to conduct high-quality research that takes both approaches to doing science: Laboratory studies can be, and have been, conducted with adolescent samples, but studies have also been conducted th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.502 | 0.832 | ["economy"] | 433 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929485 | [
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g, drug taking, and sexually transmitted disease. Thus, the work in this issue is an example of an approach that combines the best of both worlds: basic science, including basic theories that apply to adult decision making, and applied science, including real-world risk taking. It is also an example of a special approa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.409 | 0.87 | ["decision_making"] | 498 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929569 | [
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ned path to adolescent risk taking (incorporating assumptions from the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior) and “a social reaction path that is image-based and involves more heuristic processing.” Although intention is the product of the reasoned path, willingness is the product of the reactive path. Proto... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.419 | 0.822 | ["philosophy"] | 412 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929625 | [
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nderstanding this fundamentally human phenomenon. Behavioral Decision Making Framework As an inheritor of the dominant expectancy-value approach in judgment-and-decision-making, and a pioneer in research on adolescent risky decision making, it is fitting to begin with the work of Baruch Fischhoff. In this issue, Fischh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.372 | 0.84 | ["decision_making"] | 512 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929672 | [
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iding a clear-eyed analysis of the components of this competence. Readers will find this article very useful; it is a succinct yet comprehensive description of an approach that has produced empirical breakthroughs concerning both adult and adolescent risky decision making. Among these findings is the noteworthy and now... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.41 | 0.854 | ["decision_making", "education"] | 512 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929726 | [
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continues to be believed by many practitioners and policy makers despite the evidence against it (e.g., Quadrel, Fischhoff, & Davis, 1993 ; see also Millstein & Halpern-Felsher, 2002 ). Table 1 in Fischhhoff's article provides additional evidence against the invulnerability hypothesis, showing that adolescents overesti... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.428 | 0.834 | [] | 456 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929767 | [
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rom Bruine de Bruin, Parker, & Fischhoff, 2007 ). Although overestimation of risks is not an invariant finding, nevertheless, these findings join a growing number of findings showing that adolescents do not believe that they are immortal, but, on the contrary, they envision an unduly premature death (see also Reyna & F... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.36 | 0.862 | ["strategy"] | 511 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929818 | [
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s' inability to skillfully use numerical response scales rather than to their real beliefs (“mortality judgments are anomalous”). It is a measure of how far the debate has shifted, however, that we are discussing the degree to which adolescents' overestimation, as opposed to underestimation, of risk is real. A great va... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2352159/ | Current Theories of Risk and Rational Decision Making - PMC - NIH | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.352 | 0.838 | ["decision_making"] | 459 | Crisis Leadership | topic | 2026-04-15T06:45:48.929864 | [
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End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
Crisis Leadership — Theory
This corpus was automatically generated by the Deku Corpus Builder for use in RAG-based AI applications.
Dataset Structure
Each record contains:
text: The content textsource_url: Original source URLsource_title: Title of the source documentsource_domain: Domain of the sourcelicense_type: License classification (e.g.public_domain,cc_by,cc_by_sa)attribution_required: Boolean — True for CC BY / CC BY-SA and other attribution-required licensesattribution_text: Formatted Creative Commons attribution string (empty if not required)license_url: URL to the CC license deed (empty if not required)relevance_score: Relevance to the subject (0-1)quality_score: Content quality score (0-1)topics: JSON array of detected topicscharacter_count: Length of the textsubject_name: The subject this content relates tosubject_type: "personality" or "topic"extraction_date: When the content was extractedembedding: Pre-computed 384-dimensional embedding vector
Attribution
0 of 1,431 chunks in this corpus require attribution under their source license.
When building lessons from these chunks, the attribution_text field must be surfaced
in the lesson output per the Legend Leadership Attribution Tracking Spec.
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("PhillyMac/Crisis_Leadership_Theory")
# Access attribution-required chunks
for item in dataset["train"]:
if item["attribution_required"]:
print(item["attribution_text"])
Integration with RAG
This dataset is designed to be integrated with existing embedded corpuses. The embeddings use the sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2 model, compatible with FAISS indexing.
License
Content is sourced from public domain and Creative Commons licensed materials.
See individual license_type fields for per-chunk licensing details.
Generated By
Deku Corpus Builder - An automated corpus building system for AI applications.
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