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factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by a drug fostamatinib? | ['spleen tyrosine kinase'] | [
"spleen tyrosine kinase",
"SYK",
"spleen kinase",
"spleen protein tyrosine kinase",
"spleen tyrosine protein kinase"
] | Fostamatinib (R788) acts by inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase. Fostamatinib (R788) is a prodrug rapidly converted to its active metabolite on oral administration. This (known as R406) is a potent inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase that is required for the expression of a number of proinflammatory cytokines. Fostamatin... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21438742",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21304505",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21279990",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21239804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21209239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20879879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21438742",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 618,
"offsetInEndSection": 806,
"text": "It outlines preclinical and early clinical experiences with the Syk inhibitor fostamatinib disodium (R788) and d... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004791",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004364"
] | [] | 53357ca0d6d3ac6a3400004b | 703 |
factoid | Which gene test can be used for the X-linked myotubular myopathy? | ['MTM1 gene test'] | [
"MTM1 gene test",
"myotubularin 1 gene test",
"myotubular myopathy gene test",
"myotubularin 1 mutation test"
] | ['Genetic testing of the MTM1 gene can be used for the X-linked myotubular myopathy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18434328",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11001925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23346162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22068590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9541111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8664565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22068590",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 175,
"text": "X-linked myotubular myopathy (MTM) is a severe neuromuscular disease of infancy caused by mutations of MTM1, w... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020914",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14717",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796"
] | [
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16765414"
},
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http... | 51542dabd24251bc0500007d | 710 |
factoid | In which cells are gasdermins expressed? | [['epithelial cells']] | [
"epithelial cells",
"epithelia",
"epithelial tissue",
"epithelial cell layer",
"epithelial cell types",
"epithelial cell lines"
] | ['Members of the novel gene family Gasdermin (Gsdm) are exclusively expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner in the epithelium of skin and the gastrointestinal tract.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18693275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23979942",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19051310",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15737203"
] | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18693275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "Members of the novel gene family Gasdermin (Gsdm) are exclusively expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner in ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 571ce13f7de986d80d000011 | 715 |
factoid | Where in a protein can a signal sequence be found? | [['N-terminally']] | [
"N-terminally",
"N-terminal",
"N-terminus",
"amino-terminally",
"amino-terminal"
] | ['Proteins have signal sequences typically resent at the most N-terminal end.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21834515",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21572038",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19453274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18931123",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12551941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11575719",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21834515",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "A transmembrane domain (TMD) at the N-terminus of a membrane protein is a signal sequence that targets the protein... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D021382"
] | [] | 550718e9fd1abe1741000001 | 716 |
factoid | Which antibody is implicated in the Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis? | [['antiganglioside antibody']] | [
"antiganglioside antibody",
"anti-ganglioside antibody",
"anti-ganglioside antibodies",
"antiganglioside antibodies"
] | ['The syndrome defined by Bickerstaff of progressive, external ophthalmoplegia and ataxia, with disturbance of consciousness or hyperreflexia, has subsequently been associated with antiganglioside antibody, anti-GQ1b'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25379047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23927937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698187",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21631649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23275783",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19664367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25379047",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 140,
"offsetInEndSection": 406,
"text": "In addition, BBE and Fisher syndrome, which are clinically similar and are both associated with the presence of ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004660",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9588"
] | [] | 56c1f039ef6e394741000052 | 718 |
factoid | In which condition was protein S100A7 originally identified? | [['psoriasis']] | [
"psoriasis",
"psoriatic disease",
"psoriatic arthritis",
"chronic plaque psoriasis",
"guttate psoriasis",
"inverse psoriasis",
"pustular psoriasis",
"erythrodermic psoriasis"
] | ['Psoriasin (S100A7) was originally identified in psoriasis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22189627",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501383",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20596736",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19167844"
] | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22189627",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "Psoriasin (S100A7), originally identified in psoriasis, is a calcium-binding protein belonging to the multigenic S... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 55203ae78e534a4535000001 | 726 |
factoid | What is the typical alteration of the thyroid profile metabolism early after coronary artery bypass graft surgery? | ['Low T3 syndrome occurs frequently after CABG'] | [
"Low T3 syndrome",
"Low triiodothyronine syndrome",
"Low T3",
"T3 deficiency syndrome",
"CABG",
"Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting"
] | Low T3 Syndrome is the more frequent alteration of thyroid hormone profile early after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12537197",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22358266",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15843233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9010711",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6422832"
] | [
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"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 988,
"offsetInEndSection": 1164,
"text": "FT3 concentration dropped significantly (p < 0.0001), reaching its lowest value 12 hours postoperatively. There... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001026",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003324",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 532670e7d6d3ac6a34000008 | 730 |
factoid | What does the SAGA complex acronym stands for? | [['Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase']] | [
"Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase",
"SAGA",
"Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase",
"Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase complex",
"Gcn5",
"Gcn5 acetyltransferase"
] | ['SAGA stands for Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26528322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26100014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25015293",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24509845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441028"
] | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26528322",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 146,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SGF29_YEAST",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SGF73_YEAST",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0000124",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0036285",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=G... | [
{
"o": "C507785",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A10002967"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A10002967",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifeda... | 56b76f496e3f8eaf4c000002 | 732 |
factoid | Which polyQ tract protein is linked to Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2? | [['Ataxin 2']] | [
"Ataxin 2",
"ATXN2",
"Ataxin-2"
] | ['Ataxin-2 is an evolutionarily conserved protein first identified in humans as responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). The molecular basis of SCA2 is the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in Ataxin-2, encoding a Lsm domain that may bind RNA and a PAM2 motif that enables interaction with the poly (A) bin... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25027299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10973246",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24486837",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625506"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25027299",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 343,
"text": "Ataxin-2 is an evolutionarily conserved protein first identified in humans as responsible for spinocerebellar ata... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56cae60f5795f9a73e00002b | 735 |
factoid | Which are the smallest known subviral pathogens of plants? | [['Viroids']] | [
"Viroids",
"Viroid",
"Plant pathogenic viroids",
"Naked RNA pathogens",
"Infectious RNA molecules"
] | ['Contrary to earlier beliefs, viruses are not the smallest causative agents of infectious diseases. Single-stranded RNAs as small as 246 nucleotides exist in certain higher plants and cause more than a dozen crop diseases. These RNAs have been termed viroids. Viroids are plant subviral pathogens whose genomes are cons... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25731957",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22345560",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16679345",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15231279",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1717335",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25731957",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 253,
"text": "Since the discovery of non-coding, small, highly structured, satellite RNAs (satRNAs) and viroids as subviral path... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010944"
] | [] | 56e0447a51531f7e3300000b | 736 |
factoid | What causes Katayama Fever? | [['Schistosoma spp']] | [
"Schistosoma spp",
"Schistosoma species",
"Schistosoma",
"blood flukes",
"trematodes",
"Schistosomiasis-causing parasites"
] | ['Katayama fever is an acute clinical condition characterised by high fever, dry cough and general malaise occurring during early Schistosoma spp. infection.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24985919",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24469437",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19009810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16169593",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916752",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 113,
"offsetInEndSection": 274,
"text": "The laboratory diagnosis of schistosomiasis and Katayama syndrome in returning travellers is difficult because t... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56bb621fac7ad10019000009 | 737 |
factoid | Which is the database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins? | [['mpMoRFsDB']] | [
"mpMoRFsDB",
"Molecular recognition features database",
"mpMoRFs Database",
"mpMoRFsDB database"
] | ['mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins.', 'mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins', 'mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-prote... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24093637",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23328413"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB: a database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 554140ad182542114d000003 | 739 |
factoid | Which database is available for the identification of chorion proteins in Lepidopteran proteomes? | [['LepChorionDB']] | [
"LepChorionDB",
"Lepidoptera Chorion Database",
"Lepidopteran Chorion Database"
] | ['LepChorionDB'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23262288"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23262288",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "LepChorionDB, a database of Lepidopteran chorion proteins and a set of tools useful for the identification of chorion pr... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 554148c23f2354b713000001 | 740 |
factoid | Which kinase is inhibited by Tripolin A? | [['Aurora A']] | [
"Aurora A",
"Aurora kinase A",
"AURKA",
"STK15",
"ARK1",
"Aurora 1",
"Aurora-A",
"Aurora-A kinase"
] | ['Tripolin A inhibits Aurora A kinase activity both in vitro and in human cells.', 'Tripolin A reduced the localization of pAurora A on spindle microtubules (MTs), affected centrosome integrity, spindle formation and length, as well as MT dynamics in interphase, consistent with Aurora A inhibition by RNAi or other spec... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23516487"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23516487",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "Tripolin A, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of aurora A kinase, reveals new regulation of HURP's distribution on microt... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56cb9b065795f9a73e000032 | 743 |
factoid | Which is the cellular target of gefitinib? | ['Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)'] | [
"Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)",
"EGFR",
"ErbB-1",
"HER1",
"CD326",
"epidermal growth factor receptor",
"epidermal growth factor receptor 1"
] | The specific cellular target of Gefitinib (Iressa) is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23255952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19276163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18089711"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23255952",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "Gefitinib, the specific inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), may cause growth delay in cancer... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4274201",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016503",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058990",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&ter... | [] | 53188480b166e2b806000018 | 748 |
factoid | What is the risk of developing acute myelogenous leukemia in Fanconi anemia? | [['At least 15%, based on the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR)']] | [
"International Fanconi Anemia Registry",
"IFAR",
"Fanconi Anemia Registry"
] | ['A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia.', 'A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) ind... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1548931",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8068955"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1440,
"offsetInEndSection": 1519,
"text": "Sixteen of the 59 FA-C patients (27%) have developed acute myelogenous leukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015470",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005199",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007951",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [] | 54ede76294afd61504000008 | 752 |
factoid | How many different mutations have been associated with Muenke syndrome? | ['One'] | [
"One",
"1",
"I",
"single",
"unity"
] | Muenke syndrome, also known as FGFR3-associated coronal synostosis, is defined molecularly by the presence of a heterozygous nucleotide transversion, c.749C>G, encoding the amino acid substitution Pro250Arg, in the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 3 gene (FGFR3). | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22038757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21403557",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19755431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19215249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15241680"
] | [
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"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Muenke syndrome is an autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndrome resulting from a defining point mutation in the... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] | [
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18449528"
},
{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/... | 52c7311903868f1b0600001d | 753 |
factoid | How can the fetal Rhesus be determined with non-invasive testing? | [['free fetal DNA from maternal cirulcation']] | [
"free fetal DNA from maternal circulation",
"cfDNA (cell-free DNA)",
"cell-free fetal DNA",
"circulating fetal DNA",
"maternal plasma DNA",
"fetal DNA in maternal blood"
] | ['The detection of fetal RhD status can be achieved with the non-invasive method of assessing free fetal DNA in the maternal blood.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26152007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23072857",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21075065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786470",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778561",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Determination of fetal rhesus d status by maternal plasma DNA analysis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"do... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 571366ba1174fb1755000005 | 754 |
factoid | DX-88 is investigational name of which drug? | [['Ecallantide']] | [
"Ecallantide",
"DX-88",
"Ecallantide (DX-88)",
"Ecallantide injection"
] | ['DX-88 is investigational name of a drug Ecallantide, a 60-amino acid recombinant protein discovered through phage display technology, that is a highly specific, potent inhibitor of human plasma kallikrein that has been used successfully in the treatment of patients experiencing acute hereditary angioedema attacks.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21760740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21481442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19093699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18613770",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18220151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21760740",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 505,
"offsetInEndSection": 635,
"text": "Ecallantide (known as DX-88 previously), a potent and specific inhibitor of plasma kallikrein is an innovative m... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015507"
] | [] | 54f1e031c409818c32000001 | 756 |
factoid | Do the Sleeping Beauty or the piggyBac transposons have higher transposition efficiency? | [['piggyBac']] | [
"piggyBac",
"piggyBac transposon",
"piggyBac transposable element",
"PB"
] | ['Compared with Sleeping Beauty, PiggyBac exhibits higher transposition efficiencies.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19391106",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20606646",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21516337",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17164785",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17005721"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19391106",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 402,
"offsetInEndSection": 642,
"text": "Compared with Sleeping Beauty, PiggyBac exhibits higher transposition efficiencies, no evidence for local hoppin... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56c4d14ab04e159d0e000003 | 761 |
factoid | Which is the most common disease attributed to malfunction or absence of primary cilia? | ['Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)'] | [
"Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)",
"PKD",
"Polycystic kidney disorder",
"Polycystic renal disease",
"Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)",
"Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)",
"Cystic kidney disease"
] | ['When ciliary function is perturbed, photoreceptors may die, kidney tubules develop cysts, limb digits multiply and brains form improperly. Mice display abnormalities very similar to those of patients with neonatal diabetes and hypothyroidism syndrome, including the development of diabetes and polycystic kidney diseas... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124509",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19276629",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19273592",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19186246",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18694559",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439862",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 81,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "role of primary cilia in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0031514",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0031512",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0031513",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0035058"
] | null | 513ce494bee46bd34c000009 | 768 |
factoid | Treprostinil is an analogue for which prostaglandin? | [['Prostaglandin I(2)']] | [
"Prostaglandin I(2)",
"PGI2",
"Epoprostenol",
"Iloprost",
"Prostacyclin"
] | ['Treprostinil is a prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) analog.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24402297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22814427",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22231731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20195728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21400214",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21085923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24402297",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 464,
"offsetInEndSection": 643,
"text": "We investigated the effects of 3 conventional (iloprost, beraprost, and treprostinil) and 1 new (ONO-1301) PGI2 ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4270950",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4276246",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011453",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4270950"
] | [
{
"o": "C427248",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2784623"
}
] | 56c86aa95795f9a73e000018 | 770 |
factoid | Which enzyme is deficient in Gaucher's disease? | [['Beta glucocerebrosidase']] | [
"Beta glucocerebrosidase",
"Glucocerebrosidase",
"GBA",
"Cerebroside beta-glucosidase",
"Cerebroside glucosidase",
"Beta-D-glucosylceramidase"
] | ['Gaucher disease is an inborn recessive autosomal disease due to a partial deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme beta glucocerebrosidase. The deficient activity leads to accumulation of the lipid glucocerebroside in the liver, the spleen and bone marrow with concomitant anemia and thrombocytopenia.', "Gaucher's disease i... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18627336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18228687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15453048",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12412377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10155294",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8294487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18627336",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Gaucher's disease is caused by deficient lysosomal glucocerebrosidase activity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 571f5e740fd6f91b6800000b | 772 |
factoid | Which is the most common type of pediatric cerebellar tumor? | [['Medulloblastoma']] | [
"Medulloblastoma",
"MB",
"medulloblastoma tumor",
"medulloblastoma cancer",
"primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)"
] | ['Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant cerebellar tumor seen in the pediatric age group, which has a known ability to metastasize extraneurally.', 'Medulloblastoma is a malignant cerebellar tumor seen primarily in the pediatric age group that has a known ability to metastasize extraneurally ', 'Medulloblastoma... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681603",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6502196",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16479172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23951168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21315459",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9447621",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681603",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "Medulloblastoma (MDB) is the most common malignant cerebellar tumor in children"
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002528",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:5059"
] | [] | 55376f19bc4f83e82800000c | 774 |
factoid | Which is the E3 ubiquitin ligase of Hsp90? | ['Carboxyl terminus of hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP)'] | [
"Carboxyl terminus of hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP)",
"C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein",
"C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein",
"C terminus of CHIP",
"CHIP",
"C-HIP"
] | Carboxyl terminus of hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) can mediate ubiquitination of the 90 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp90) in vitro, with subsequent proteasomal degradation of the chaperone. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23429937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23344957",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20618441",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17209571"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23429937",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "C-terminal Hsp-interacting protein (CHIP) is an HSP70 and HSP90 interacting co-chaperone and an E3 ubiquitin liga... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D044767",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D043743",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UB2E3_HUMAN",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0004842",
"h... | [] | 5319a7d2b166e2b806000029 | 775 |
factoid | In which kingdom do microsporidia belong, according to their current classification scheme? | [['Fungi']] | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus",
"Mushrooms",
"Yeasts",
"Molds",
"Mycota",
"Mycology"
] | ['Traditionally, microsporidia were considered as protozoans, but recently they have been reclassified as the earliest-diverging clade of sequenced fungi. Microsporidia are a diverse group of obligate, intracellular, eukaryotic, spore-forming parasites; they are ubiquitous fungi, with genomes that have undergone a stro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24104931",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23917025",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087371",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22651672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22503551",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20479876",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24104931",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Microsporidia are a diverse group of obligate, intracellular, eukaryotic, spore-forming parasites. Traditionally, ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016814",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002965",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D021861"
] | [] | 5547a01cf35db75526000005 | 778 |
factoid | What is the effect of a defective CLN3 gene? | [['Batten disease', 'juvenile-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis', 'JNCL']] | [
"Batten disease",
"juvenile-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis",
"JNCL",
"Batten's disease",
"Batten's syndrome",
"neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 3",
"NCL type 3"
] | ['Mutations in the CLN3 gene, which encodes a lysosomal membrane protein, are responsible for the neurodegenerative disorder juvenile Batten disease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17868323",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16423829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16515873",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251196",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15471887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10332042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17868323",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by defective funct... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CLN3_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CLN3_MACFA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CLN3_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CLN3_CANFA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CLN3_DICDI",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CG13_YEAST"
] | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_5136313132340012",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/encodedBy",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q61124"
},
{
"o": "Cln3",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_5136313132340012... | 56b710f276d8bf8d13000003 | 781 |
factoid | Which is the genetic lesion associated with Huntington’s disease? | ['A CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HD gene'] | [
"CAG repeat expansion",
"CAG trinucleotide repeat",
"CAG repeat",
"CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion",
"CAG expansion",
"CAG repeat expansion in the HD gene",
"CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene",
"CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HD gene",
"CAG repeat in the HD gene"
] | The genetic lesion associated with Huntington's disease is a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HD (or HTT) gene. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7620118"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7620118",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 360,
"text": "Early in 1993, an unstable, expanded trinucleotide repeat in a novel gene of unknown function was identified on HD ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006816",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020022",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D030342",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HD... | [] | 5319a6e9b166e2b806000023 | 791 |
factoid | What is the inheritance pattern of Li–Fraumeni syndrome? | [['Autosomal dominant']] | [
"Autosomal dominant",
"AD",
"autosomal dominant inheritance",
"dominant inheritance",
"dominant trait"
] | ['Li-Fraumeni syndrome shows autosomal dominant inheritance.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7981072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2190528",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9302689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22672556",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075382"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7981072",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 524,
"offsetInEndSection": 745,
"text": "It therefore appears that the LFS phenotype has been conferred by an aberrant gene, showing a dominant pattern of... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016864",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3012",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] | [
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/679",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/diseaseSubtypeOf",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/2961"
},
{
"o": "Li Fraumeni syndrome, 151623",
"p": "http://www4.... | 52bf208003868f1b06000019 | 795 |
factoid | Which pituitary adenoma is common cause of infertility is women? | ['prolactinoma'] | [
"prolactinoma",
"lactotroph adenoma",
"prolactin-secreting adenoma",
"prolactin-producing tumor",
"hyperprolactinemic adenoma"
] | ['Prolactinoma is a pituitary adenoma that is strongly associated with infertility in women mainly due to increased prolactin secretion causing hyperprolactinemia. Other pituitary lesions can also be associated with infertility.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090264",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12477530",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10649815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10649814",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9152623",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2738821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090264",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Prolactinoma is the most common secreting pituitary adenoma. It is typically diagnosed in women of reproductiv... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010911",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3829",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007246",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:5223",
"http://... | null | 514a51c2d24251bc0500005c | 796 |
factoid | What is the lipid droplet used for in the cell? | [['lipid storage and lipid mobilization']] | [
"lipid storage and lipid mobilization",
"lipid metabolism",
"lipid homeostasis",
"lipid accumulation and mobilization",
"lipid storage and mobilization",
"lipid storage and release"
] | ['Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous and physiologically active organelles regulating storage and mobilization of lipids in response to metabolic demands.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25894691",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26121906",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132820",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25189622",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25110833",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24394544"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25894691",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "Eukaryotic cells store excess fatty acids as neutral lipids, predominantly triacylglycerols and sterol esters, in ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D066292",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002477",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005811",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_... | [
{
"o": "MTHU008985",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12002602"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12002602",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.co... | 56b397a98525abca1e000003 | 801 |
factoid | What is the function of circular RNA? | [['Recent research has revealed that circRNAs can function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, regulators of splicing and transcription, and modifiers of parental gene expression.']] | [
"circRNA",
"circular RNA",
"circular ribonucleic acid",
"circRNA molecule",
"circular RNA molecule",
"circular RNA species",
"circular RNA transcript",
"circular RNA (circRNA)"
] | ['Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of RNA that, unlike linear RNAs, form a covalently closed continuous loop and are highly represented in the eukaryotic transcriptome. The biogenesis of circular RNA is an integral, conserved, and regulated feature of the gene expression program. Circular RNAs play a crucial r... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26052092",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24609083",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24339831",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24039610",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7678559",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404635"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7678559",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 276,
"offsetInEndSection": 430,
"text": "Here we determine the structure of these novel transcripts, showing that they correspond to circular RNA molecule... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012313",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D035683"
] | [] | 56c58ceeb04e159d0e000004 | 802 |
factoid | What is the presumed key event in Fanconi anemia pathogenesis? | [['FANCD2 monoubiquitination']] | [
"FANCD2 monoubiquitination",
"FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination",
"FANCD2 mono ubiquitination",
"FANCD2 monoubiquitin modification",
"FANCD2 monoubiquitinylation"
] | ['Monoubiquitination of the Fanconi anaemia protein FANCD2 is a key event leading to repair of interstrand cross-links. Failure of FANCD2 monoubiquitination by the nuclear FA protein complex has a severe impact on the DNA repair functions of cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20937699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609304",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15502827",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15383454",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22675617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15601828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20937699",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 92,
"offsetInEndSection": 278,
"text": "A key event in FA pathway activation is the monoubiquitylation of the FA complementation group I (FANCI)-FANCD2 (... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005199",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13636",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051856",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1062"
] | [] | 54edf72c94afd61504000013 | 807 |
factoid | Which trancription factor activates the betalain pathway? | [['The beet Y locus encodes an anthocyanin MYB-like protein that activates the betalain red pigment pathway.']] | [
"beet Y locus",
"anthocyanin MYB-like protein",
"betalain red pigment pathway",
"MYB-like protein",
"beet Y gene"
] | ['The beet Y locus encodes an anthocyanin MYB-like protein that activates the betalain red pigment pathway.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25436858",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19791510"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25436858",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "The beet Y locus encodes an anthocyanin MYB-like protein that activates the betalain red pigment pathway."
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56d138fe3975bb303a000015 | 813 |
factoid | Is the H3K4me3 histone mark related to transcriptional initiation or elongation? | ['transcriptional initiation'] | [
"transcriptional initiation",
"transcription initiation",
"gene transcription initiation",
"RNA polymerase initiation",
"transcription start",
"initiation of transcription"
] | ['H3K4me3 is associated with transcriptionally active genes, but its function in the transcription process is still unclear. It is well known to occur in the promoter region of genes for transcription activation but its levels correlate positively with the antisense expression levels of the associated sense genes imply... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23355544",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23284292",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22904080",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22768981",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22132139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 659,
"offsetInEndSection": 782,
"text": "The histone marks appeared mainly in generic regions and were enriched around the transcription start sites ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015533",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4250488",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D048348",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&ter... | null | 512d2fff5274a5fb07000006 | 816 |
factoid | What does polyadenylate-binding protein 4 (PABP4) bind to? | ['PABP4 binds mRNA poly(A) tails.'] | [
"PABP4",
"Poly(A)-binding protein 4",
"Poly(A) binding protein 4",
"PABP 4",
"PABP-4"
] | PABP4 binds mRNA poly(A) tails. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23938467",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22896784",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943973",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22884093",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23938467",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 543,
"offsetInEndSection": 563,
"text": "RNA binding proteome"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubm... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D026723",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011485",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0008143",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_... | [
{
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"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q13310"
},
{
"o": "APP1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_5131333331300025"... | 5326a85ad6d3ac6a3400000b | 817 |
factoid | What is the average diameter of intermediate filaments? | ['10 nanometers', '10 nm'] | [
"10 nanometers",
"10 nm",
"ten nanometers",
"ten nm"
] | ['Intermediate filaments have an average diameter of 10 nanometers (nm).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2264817",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22848616",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22126386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19656809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21669844",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19559031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2264817",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 553,
"offsetInEndSection": 801,
"text": "Negative staining showed that supernatants from the centrifugation assays contained protofilaments, protofibr... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007382"
] | [
{
"o": "Filaments, Intermediate",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0059267"
}
] | 515db3d8298dcd4e51000015 | 818 |
factoid | What is the function of cryptochrome-1 in mouse? | ['component of the central and peripheral circadian clocks for generation of circadian rhythms in mice'] | [
"component of the central and peripheral circadian clocks for generation of circadian rhythms in mice",
"circadian clock component",
"circadian rhythm regulator",
"circadian rhythm component",
"circadian oscillator component",
"molecular clock component",
"biological clock component"
] | ['Cryptochrome-1 (Cry1) is an essential component of the central and peripheral circadian clocks for generation of circadian rhythms in mice.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22952936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22170608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22140039",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21236481",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20825493",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20023637",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 337,
"text": "Malfunction of the circadian clock has been linked to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. We show that ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | null | [
{
"o": "function",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A3879881"
},
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/uml... | 51680a6d298dcd4e51000063 | 822 |
factoid | Which intermediate filament (IF) protein can be used as a non-specific marker of the neuronal precursor cells of the subventricular zone? | [['Nestin']] | [
"Nestin",
"Nestin protein",
"Nestin isoform",
"Nestin (NES)",
"Neuroepithelial stem cell protein Nestin"
] | ["Nestin can be used as a nonspecific marker protein for precursor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Nestin is a unique intermediate filament protein. While it is robustly expressed in developing brain, postnatal expression is limited to the brain's SVZ."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407958",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20552272",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527990",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11078926",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14715941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056462",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 174,
"text": "Nestin is a unique intermediate filament protein. While it is robustly expressed in developing brain, postnatal ex... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005882",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0021849"
] | [] | 5540ca8a0083d1bf0e000003 | 824 |
factoid | Which enzyme is involved in the maintenance of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methylation? | ['DNMT1', 'MET1'] | [
"DNMT1",
"DNA methyltransferase 1",
"Cytosine-5 DNA methyltransferase 1",
"MET1",
"Methyltransferase 1"
] | ['The mammalian DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase 1, DNMT1 is the major enzyme responsible for the maintenance of the DNA methylation patterns on the newly synthesized strand after DNA replication. DNMT1 prefers hemimethylated DNA and during DNA replication methylates hemimethylated CpG sites by copying methylation pa... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23029374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22967183",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22898819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22761581",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22633409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22967183",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 969,
"offsetInEndSection": 1198,
"text": "his defect does not appear in mouse models with mutations in Dnmt3a and Mthfr genes and, therefore, it is s... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0010216",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CMT1_MAIZE",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0090116",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0003886",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DCM_ECOLI",
... | null | 51585b28d24251bc0500008d | 825 |
factoid | In what proportion of children with heart failure has Enalapril been shown to be safe and effective? | ['50% to 80%'] | [
"50% to 80%",
"fifty to eighty percent",
"50 to 80 percent",
"50-80%"
] | ['In children with heart failure evidence of the effect of enalapril is empirical. Enalapril was clinically safe and effective in 50% to 80% of for children with cardiac failure secondary to congenital heart malformations before and after cardiac surgery, impaired ventricular function , valvar regurgitation, congesti... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14990637",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12530495",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12454107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9315539",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7576410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124387",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1407,
"offsetInEndSection": 1609,
"text": "The responses to IV KCl were attenuated by concomitant furosemide (p = 0.01), amphotericin B (p < 0.01), a... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006333",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004656",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054143",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | null | 515dd3d5298dcd4e5100001c | 829 |
factoid | Which cell type has the protein Chromogranin A as marker? | [['neuroendocrine cells']] | [
"neuroendocrine cells",
"neuroendocrine system cells",
"neuroendocrine tissue",
"neuroendocrine cell types",
"neuroendocrine tumors",
"neuroendocrine cell lineages"
] | ['Chromogranin A is a marker for neuroendocrine cells'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25220535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25177680",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25532001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25501094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294889",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 562,
"offsetInEndSection": 642,
"text": "Neuroendocrine differentiation (chromogranin A and/or synaptophysin positivity) "
},
{
"beginSection": "... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002864",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053379",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000943",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/joche... | [
{
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},
{
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"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/fullName",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_503333373136007"
},
{
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factoid | Which gene harbors the mutation T790M? | [['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']] | [
"EGFR",
"epidermal growth factor receptor",
"ErbB-1",
"HER1",
"CD326",
"proto-oncogene EGFR",
"epidermal growth factor receptor 1"
] | ['The T790M mutation refers to the mutation in exon 20 of the EGFR gene'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25682017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26124670",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25939061",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056478",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26058074",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26396685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25682017",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "Nearly one half of all cases of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inh... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56d1f790f22319765a000001 | 848 |
factoid | Which is the protein implicated in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3? | [['Ataxin-3']] | [
"Ataxin-3",
"ATXN3",
"Machado-Joseph disease protein",
"Ataxin-3 protein",
"Ataxin-3A",
"Ataxin-3B"
] | ['Ataxin-3 is a ubiquitously expressed deubiqutinating enzyme with important functions in the proteasomal protein degradation pathway and regulation of transcription. The C-terminus of the ataxin-3 protein contains a polyglutamine (PolyQ) region that, when mutationally expanded to over 52 glutamines, causes the neurode... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24272589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23617879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24293103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007218",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653538",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23659897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24272589",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 321,
"text": "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most frequent inherited cerebellar ataxia in Europe, the US and Japan,... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 57138eb21174fb175500000a | 852 |
factoid | Which is the prevalence of cystic fibrosis in the human population? | ['0.7–7/100000 inhabitants'] | [
"0.7–7/100000 inhabitants",
"0.0007–0.007 per 100,000 inhabitants",
"0.7 to 7 per 100,000 population",
"0.7 to 7 per 100,000 people",
"0.7–7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants"
] | ['Prevalence of Cystic Fibrosis varies according to the population. A theoretical estimate of the prevalence of cystic fibrosis based on anthropological data suggested a frequency of 25 affected individuals/100,000 inhabitants. However, real data indicated that the true prevalence in the population was considerably low... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22627569",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18442953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18243066",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15970608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15266396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11336401"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22627569",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 688,
"offsetInEndSection": 771,
"text": "The allelic frequency of this variant was calculated to be 0.7% for this population"
},
{
"beginSect... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003550",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005355",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015995",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CF... | null | 513ce5f2bee46bd34c00000a | 857 |
factoid | What does mTOR stands for? | [['mammalian target of rapamycin']] | [
"mammalian target of rapamycin",
"mTOR",
"mechanistic target of rapamycin",
"mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1",
"mTORC1",
"mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2",
"mTORC2"
] | ['mTOR stands for: mammalian target of rapamycin.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24312415",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24312355",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24309100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24307346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24312415",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 141,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": " mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058570",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MTOR_RAT"
] | [] | 5505a587f73303d458000005 | 860 |
factoid | Which calcium channels does ethosuximide target? | [['T-type calcium channels']] | [
"T-type calcium channels",
"T-type calcium channel",
"Cav3 channels",
"Cav3.1",
"Cav3.2",
"Cav3.3",
"low-voltage-activated calcium channels",
"LVA calcium channels"
] | ['Ethosuximide blocks the T-type calcium channels.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24933286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22924591",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596106",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112351",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15078185",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24933286",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 463,
"offsetInEndSection": 685,
"text": "In the present study, we examined whether ethosuximide (ETX), a T-channel antagonist, could decrease the severit... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015220",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005013",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020747",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/joche... | [
{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0033989"
},
{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0034034"
},
{
"o": "... | 56cf236f3975bb303a000002 | 868 |
factoid | What is the sedimentation coefficient of the mammalian mitoribosome? | [['55 S']] | [
"55 S",
"55S ribosomal RNA",
"55S ribosome",
"55S mitochondrial ribosome"
] | ['The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11943462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11402041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6284743",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19567276",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15966747",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14757048"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11943462",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 75,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": " The mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes (55S)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://ww... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012270",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005840",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005761",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... | [] | 55201a316b348bb82c000019 | 869 |
factoid | Which receptor is targeted by telcagepant? | [['calcitonin gene-related peptide']] | [
"calcitonin gene-related peptide",
"CGRP",
"calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha",
"calcitonin gene-related peptide beta",
"CGRP alpha",
"CGRP beta"
] | ['Telcagepant (MK-0974) is a novel calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist currently undergoing clinical trials for migraine.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975906",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23798725",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23196486",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22816019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22512641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22278333",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975906",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "In vivo quantification of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor occupancy by telcagepant in rhesus monkey and human b... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 55032efde9bde69634000035 | 871 |
factoid | Which translocation is harbored in the Askin tumor cells? | [['reciprocal translocation t(11;22) (q24;q12)']] | [
"reciprocal translocation t(11;22) (q24;q12)",
"t(11;22)(q24;q12)",
"translocation t(11;22)",
"reciprocal translocation 11;22",
"t(11;22) translocation"
] | ["The Askin tumor is a primitive malignant small-cell tumor of the chest wall mostly seen among children and adolescents. It is closely related to Ewing's sarcoma of the same location, with both tumors harboring reciprocal translocation t(11;22) (q24;q12)."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17009618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9213191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7571088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1333942",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2162733",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 231,
"text": "The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors includes osseous Ewing sarcoma, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroect... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050608"
] | [] | 553656c4bc4f83e828000009 | 890 |
factoid | Which R/bioconductor package utilizes the Hilbert curve in order to visualize genomic data? | [['HilbertVis']] | [
"HilbertVis",
"Hilbert Vis",
"Hilbert Visualization",
"Hilbert Visualizer"
] | ["The so-called Hilbert curve visualization can complement genome browsers and help to get further insights into the structure of one's data. An open-source application, called HilbertVis, has been developed for R/bioconductor that allows the user to produce and interactively explore such plots."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19297348"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19297348",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 648,
"text": "In many genomic studies, one works with genome-position-dependent data, e.g. ChIP-chip or ChIP-Seq scores. Using ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023281"
] | [] | 56bdcc4cef6e394741000002 | 893 |
factoid | Which pathway is activated by ficolin-3? | [['lectin complement pathway']] | [
"lectin complement pathway",
"mannose-binding lectin pathway",
"MBL pathway",
"lectin-mediated complement activation"
] | ['Ficolin-3 activates lectin complement pathway.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25178935",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25069872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24336142",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18261799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21890891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19939495",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25069872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 93,
"offsetInEndSection": 231,
"text": "This study aims to investigate whether an association exists between the ficolins that are part of the lectin com... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FCN3_HUMAN"
] | [] | 56c1d856ef6e394741000032 | 899 |
factoid | What is targeted by monoclonal antibody Pembrolizumab? | [['programmed cell death 1']] | [
"programmed cell death 1",
"PD-1",
"CD279",
"PDCD1",
"programmed cell death protein 1"
] | ['Pembrolizumab inhibits the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint and has antitumor activity in patients with advanced melanoma. Pembrolizumab is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced melanoma, and additional regulatory approvals are expected across the oncologic spec... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24685885",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25605845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25891173",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26028255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25828465",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324906",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24685885",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 343,
"offsetInEndSection": 742,
"text": "gents currently in active clinical development for lung cancer include ipilimumab, which modulates the cytotoxic... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000911"
] | [] | 56c1f01aef6e394741000043 | 905 |
factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of Facioscapulohumeral muscular
dystrophy (FSHD)? | ['autosomal dominant'] | [
"autosomal dominant",
"AD",
"autosomal dominant inheritance",
"dominant inheritance",
"dominant trait"
] | The mode of inheritance of Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is autosomal dominant. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22551571"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22551571",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 94,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "autosomal dominant mode of inheritance"
}
] | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FRG1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FRG1_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FRG2_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FRG2B_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FRG2C_HUMAN",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&te... | [] | 52e8e93498d023950500001e | 908 |
factoid | What is commotio cordis? | ['blunt thoracic impact causing sudden death'] | [
"blunt thoracic impact causing sudden death",
"blunt chest trauma leading to sudden death",
"blunt chest impact resulting in sudden death",
"blunt thoracic trauma causing sudden death",
"blunt force trauma to the chest leading to sudden death"
] | Commotio cordis is a term used to describe cases of blunt thoracic impact causing sudden death without structural damage of the heart | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22816548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14646469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11879111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10894918",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703576",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22816548",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 181,
"text": "Commotio cordis is a rare type of blunt cardiac injury in which low impact chest trauma causes sudden cardiac arre... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056104"
] | [] | 53035d7c2059c6d71c000085 | 911 |
factoid | What is the cause of Phthiriasis Palpebrarum? | [['Pthirus pubis']] | [
"Pthirus pubis",
"pubic louse",
"crab louse",
"crab louse (Pthirus pubis)",
"Pthirus",
"Phthirus pubis"
] | ['Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare eyelid infestation caused by phthirus pubis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26451147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24556565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23993722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157356",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22707338",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19728949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26451147",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 188,
"text": "Phthiriasis palpebrarum is an uncommon cause of blepharoconjunctivitis in which Pthirus pubis infest the eyelashes... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56bb68f9ac7ad1001900000b | 912 |
factoid | Which gene is mutated in a subtype of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy known as Naxos disease? | [['The Plakoglobin gene', 'plakoglobin[jup]']] | [
"Plakoglobin gene",
"plakoglobin",
"gamma-catenin",
"JUP",
"Junction plakoglobin",
"catenin gamma",
"catenin-γ"
] | ['A homozygous loss-of-function mutation of the Plakoglobin (Jup) gene, had been identified in Naxos Disease patients, a subset of ARVC, which is characterized by cutaneous disorder.', 'Identification of a deletion in plakoglobin in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with palmoplantar keratoderma and wooll... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21880664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21789513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18937352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17924338",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16096717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21880664",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 517,
"text": "Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inheritable myocardial disorder associated with fibro... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050431",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009202"
] | [] | 54f9ae2506d9727f76000002 | 916 |
factoid | Which disorder is rated by Palmini classification? | [['focal cortical dysplasia']] | [
"focal cortical dysplasia",
"FCD",
"focal cortical dysplasia type I",
"focal cortical dysplasia type II",
"focal cortical dysplasia type III"
] | ['Palmini classification system is used for classification of focal cortical dysplasia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24743217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25219355",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25296541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23551067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23899121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22642611",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24743217",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 407,
"offsetInEndSection": 584,
"text": "This study also provides an opportunity to compare the predictive value of the ILAE and Palmini et al classifica... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002965"
] | [] | 56c1f020ef6e394741000047 | 919 |
factoid | Which peripheral neuropathy has been associated with NDRG1 mutations? | [['Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 4D disease']] | [
"Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease",
"CMT",
"CMT4D",
"Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 4D disease",
"CMT type 4D",
"CMT4D neuropathy"
] | ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 4D disease is a severe autosomal recessive demyelinating neuropathy with extensive axonal loss leading to early disability, caused by mutations in the N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1).', 'CMT4D disease is a severe autosomal recessive demyelinating neuropathy with extensive axonal lo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21303696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12872253",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20582309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15651351",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12884740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16541790",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21303696",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": "CMT4D disease is a severe autosomal recessive demyelinating neuropathy with extensive axonal loss leading to early... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5713c8d71174fb1755000015 | 925 |
factoid | Which is the receptor for substrates of Chaperone Mediated Autophagy? | ['LAMP2A', 'Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 isoform A'] | [
"LAMP2A",
"Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 isoform A",
"Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A",
"LAMP-2A",
"LAMP 2A"
] | ['Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a lysosomal pathway for selective removal of damaged cytosolic proteins. The LAMP2A (Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 isoform A) functions as a receptor for cytosolic proteins and also as essential component of the CMA translocation complex [28]. Cytosolic substrate protein... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23404999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23070014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22809326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22426402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22331875",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23404999",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 149,
"offsetInEndSection": 346,
"text": "These proteins are targeted by chaperones and delivered to lysosomes where they are translocated into the ly... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0006914",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0072321",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0038024",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0008565",
"http://amigo.ge... | null | 51bdd9c2047fa84d1d000002 | 927 |
factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of short QT syndrome? | ['autosomal dominant mode of inheritance'] | [
"autosomal dominant inheritance",
"autosomal dominant mode of inheritance",
"dominant inheritance",
"autosomal dominant trait",
"autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance"
] | The short QT syndrome has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19482666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16812977",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829181"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19482666",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 259,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": "Congenital short QT syndrome is a new familial primary electrical disease of the heart, which is characterized b... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014918"
] | [] | 52f509512059c6d71c000020 | 929 |
factoid | What is the reason for the narcolepsy cases developed after H1N1 influenza vaccination? | ['The proposed mechanism for postvaccination narcolepsy is one in which an environmental trigger causes or enhances an antibody-mediated autoimmune response in patients with a preexisting genetic susceptibility.'] | [
"postvaccination narcolepsy",
"vaccination-induced narcolepsy",
"narcolepsy following vaccination",
"narcolepsy due to vaccination",
"autoimmune narcolepsy",
"antibody-mediated narcolepsy",
"genetic susceptibility narcolepsy",
"post-vaccination narcolepsy"
] | The proposed mechanism for postvaccination narcolepsy is one in which an environmental trigger causes or enhances an antibody-mediated autoimmune response in patients with a preexisting genetic susceptibility. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24048081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23884811",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23486871",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22213222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21963829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24048081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 747,
"offsetInEndSection": 957,
"text": "The proposed mechanism for postvaccination narcolepsy is one in which an environmental trigger causes or enhance... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009290",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053118",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014612",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 530cf54dab4de4de0c000009 | 931 |
factoid | What was the purpose of the FANTOM3 project? | [['The comprehensive characterization of the mouse transcriptome.']] | [
"mouse transcriptome",
"transcriptome of the mouse",
"mouse RNA transcriptome",
"comprehensive mouse transcriptome",
"comprehensive characterization of the mouse transcriptome"
] | ['Functional Annotation Of Mouse 3 (FANTOM3), an international collaboration research project focusing on expanding the transcriptome and subsequent analyses. The FANTOM3 annotation system, consisting of automated computational prediction, manual curation, and final expert curation, facilitated the comprehensive charac... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16381948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16683036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20428234"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16683036",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1558,
"offsetInEndSection": 1818,
"text": " The FANTOM3 annotation system, consisting of automated computational prediction, manual curation, and final e... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 569e79ecceceede94d000002 | 933 |
factoid | Which intraflagellar transport (IFT) motor protein has been linked to human skeletal ciliopathies? | [['Intraflagellar transport (IFT) motor protein DYNC2H1']] | [
"Intraflagellar transport (IFT) motor protein DYNC2H1",
"DYNC2H1",
"Dynein cytoplasmic 2 heavy chain 1",
"Cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1",
"Dynein 2 heavy chain"
] | ['Intraflagellar transport (IFT) depends on two evolutionarily conserved modules, subcomplexes A (IFT-A) and B (IFT-B), to drive ciliary assembly and maintenance. All six IFT-A components and their motor protein, DYNC2H1, have been linked to human skeletal ciliopathies, including asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD; a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25470043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25205765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24140113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24183451"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25470043",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 295,
"offsetInEndSection": 411,
"text": "Cytoplasmic dynein-2 (dynein-2) performs intraflagellar transport and is associated with human skeletal ciliopat... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 57279ef20fd6f91b68000018 | 935 |
factoid | What is the link between Nonidet-40 (NP-40) and biotinylation? | [['Reduction of contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins.']] | [
"biotinylated carboxylases",
"biotin tagged nuclear proteins",
"endogenous biotinylated carboxylases",
"biotinylated enzymes",
"biotinylated proteins",
"biotinylated carboxylase enzymes",
"biotinylated carboxylase proteins",
"carboxylases",
"nuclear proteins"
] | ['0.5% of the non-ionic detergent Nonidet-40 (NP-40) during cell lysis and nuclei isolation is sufficient to practically eliminate contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins.', 'NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during pu... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear protein... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4252646"
] | [] | 56a8d660a17756b72f000006 | 937 |
factoid | Which is the transcript responsible for X-chromosome inactivation? | ['Xist'] | [
"Xist",
"X-inactive specific transcript",
"Xist RNA",
"X-inactive specific transcript RNA"
] | The long non- coding RNA Xist (X inactive specific transcript) | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22065773",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21094887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9487391",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23847260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23535403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22065773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 359,
"offsetInEndSection": 419,
"text": "Xist, a gene responsible for X chromosome inactivation (XCI)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D049951",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0009048",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:1900095",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... | [] | 5353aedb288f4dae47000006 | 938 |
factoid | Which domain allowing self-association do exist in TDP-43 and FUS proteins? | [['Prion-like domain']] | [
"Prion-like domain",
"Prion-like protein domain",
"Prion domain",
"Prion-like region",
"Prion-like sequence"
] | ["Two RNA-binding proteins, FUS and TDP-43, which form cytoplasmic aggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, harbor a 'prion domain' similar to those found in several yeast prion proteins.", "Mutations in related RNA-binding proteins TDP-43, FUS/TLS and TAF15 have been connected to ALS. These three proteins share se... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24842888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25002999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22445064",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22065782",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20356930",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22454397",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24842888",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 288,
"offsetInEndSection": 873,
"text": "Using transient expression of a panel of deletion and chimeric FUS variants in various cultured cells, we demons... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TADBP_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TADBP_XENTR",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TADBP_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TADBP_PONAB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TADBP_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FUS_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/unipro... | [] | 56c83f365795f9a73e000011 | 940 |
factoid | What type of enzyme is peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2)? | ['antioxidant'] | [
"antioxidant",
"free radical scavenger",
"oxidation inhibitor",
"redox agent",
"antioxidative agent"
] | Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) is an antioxidant enzyme that uses cysteine residues to decompose peroxides.
Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), an enzyme reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides
Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is a thiol-dependent peroxidase. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23889121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23749642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22989627",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22916248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21902453",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21248284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23889121",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX-2) is an antioxidant and chaperone-like protein critical for cell function."
},
{
"... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054464",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798"
] | [] | 52bf1f1303868f1b06000014 | 944 |
factoid | Which disease is associated with the ectopic expression of the protein encoded by the gene DUX4? | [['Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy', 'FSHD']] | [
"Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy",
"FSHD",
"Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy",
"Facioscapulohumeral myopathy",
"FSHD1",
"FSHD2"
] | ['Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is a progressive muscular dystrophy caused by decreased epigenetic repression of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeats and ectopic expression of DUX4, a retrogene encoding a germline transcription factor encoded in each repeat.', 'Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is a progressive mu... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23966205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23644600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23777630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22892954",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798623",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23966205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 571,
"offsetInEndSection": 667,
"text": "e expression of DUX4 has been confirmed in both FSHD cells and biopsies by several laboratories."
},
{
"... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DUX4_HUMAN",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4"
] | [
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A3832170"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A3832170",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/u... | 550f0e4c6a8cde6b72000003 | 951 |
factoid | Which G protein is essential in the formation and function of lamellipodia? | ['Rac1'] | [
"Rac1",
"Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1",
"Rac family small GTPase 1",
"Rac1 GTPase",
"Rac1 protein",
"Rac1A"
] | Recruitment of the small G-protein Rac1 to the plasma membrane is essential in inducing the local formation of specialized cellular processes termed lamellipodia. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24265417",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19801976",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11709084",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11230698",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9301423"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24265417",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1039,
"offsetInEndSection": 1329,
"text": "We specifically identified that the Spa homology domain (aa 250-420) of GIT1 is required for GIT1-cortactin co... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011554",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019204",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020744"
] | [] | 5319ac36b166e2b806000031 | 952 |
factoid | What is the main application of SWATH-MS in proteomics? | ['The identification and quantification of any protein.'] | [
"protein identification",
"protein quantification",
"protein analysis",
"protein detection",
"protein measurement",
"the identification and quantification of any protein"
] | Using the method called SWATH-MS one might ask sample sets for the presence and quantity of essentially any protein of interest. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811049",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23322582",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23227840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22261725"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811049",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 829,
"offsetInEndSection": 992,
"text": "it is a valuable resource for the selection of candidate proteotypic peptides for targeted proteomic experiments... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040901",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020543"
] | [] | 530cf54dab4de4de0c00000c | 955 |
factoid | What can Nothobranchius furzeri be used as a model system for? | ['aging research'] | [
"aging research",
"age-related research",
"gerontology research",
"research on aging",
"senescence research",
"aging studies",
"research into aging",
"studies on aging"
] | N. furzeri an interesting model system to investigate the effects of experimental manipulations on longevity and age-related pathologies.
N. furzeri could represent a model system for studying the genetic control of life-history traits in natural populations.
N. furzeri could be a very useful model for comparative geno... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19052641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17049789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16687936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16164422"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302373",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 270,
"text": "The short-lived annual fish Nothobranchius furzeri shows extremely short captive life span and accelerated express... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023421"
] | [
{
"o": "105023",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2174134"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2174134",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/reso... | 52bf217003868f1b0600001b | 957 |
factoid | Which is the mass-tag that reveal the ubiquitination of a lysine residue? | [['Lys-ɛ-Gly-Gly (K-ɛ-GG) is the remnant produced by trypsin digestion of proteins having ubiquitinated lysine side chains.']] | [
"Lys-ɛ-Gly-Gly",
"K-ɛ-GG",
"Lysine-ɛ-Gly-Gly",
"Lys-ε-Gly-Gly",
"Lys-ε-GG",
"Lysine epsilon-Gly-Gly"
] | ['Lys-ɛ-Gly-Gly (K-ɛ-GG) is the remnant produced by trypsin digestion of proteins having ubiquitinated lysine side chains.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24051958",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24142993",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24167568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24196352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24251111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23682733",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24051958",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 191,
"offsetInEndSection": 449,
"text": "antibodies that recognize the Lys-ɛ-Gly-Gly (K-ɛ-GG) remnant produced by trypsin digestion of proteins having ub... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054875",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014452",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025801",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 54f2228e64850a5854000002 | 961 |
factoid | Which gene is involved in CADASIL? | ['Notch3 gene'] | [
"Notch3 gene",
"Notch 3",
"Notch 3 gene",
"Notch3",
"Notch-3",
"Notch3 receptor",
"Notch3 protein"
] | Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common form of familial vascular dementia, is caused by mutations of the NOTCH3 gene. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23308019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21702048",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21038489",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19788051",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 71,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": "leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common form of familial vascular dementia, is caused by mutations of the ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D046589",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011506",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [
{
"o": "UMLS_CUI:C0751587",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/diseaseontology/id/DOID:13945"
},
{
"o": "cadasil",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/diseaseontology/id/... | 5323640b9b2d7acc7e000014 | 962 |
factoid | What are the structures formed when keratin molecules come together? | [['Intermediate filaments']] | [
"Intermediate filaments",
"IFs",
"intermediate filament proteins",
"intermediate filament cytoskeleton",
"intermediate-sized filaments"
] | ['Keratins form the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton and provide scaffold structures within cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23396250",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23331681",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22963508",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22585043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22507538",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22502568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23396250",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 512,
"offsetInEndSection": 619,
"text": " Keratins form the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton and provide scaffold structures within cells."
}... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007633",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4249492",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KRT_CEREL",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000595",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 5505db6a8e1671127b000003 | 966 |
factoid | Which is the prognostic impact of hypothyroidism in patients with acute myocardial infarction? | ['Low T3 Syndrome isassociatedwithpoor prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction'] | [
"Low T3 Syndrome",
"Low Triiodothyronine Syndrome",
"Low T3",
"T3 Deficiency Syndrome",
"Low Thyroid Hormone Syndrome",
"Low Triiodothyronine",
"Hypothyroxinemia",
"Low Thyroid Levels"
] | Thyroid dysfunction, particularly low T3 syndrome, is a strong predictor of short-term and long-term poor prognoses in patients with acute myocardial infarctions. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124142",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16330914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11747849",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609889"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990180",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1073,
"offsetInEndSection": 1258,
"text": "In-hospital cardiogenic shock (15% vs 3% in the control group; p<0.01) and death (7% vs 1% in the control grou... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056989",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009203",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [] | 531d1998267d7dd053000001 | 967 |
factoid | Which gene is associated with Muenke syndrome? | ['Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3)'] | [
"Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3)",
"FGFR3",
"Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor III",
"FGF receptor 3"
] | Muenke syndrome has been related to a mutation on the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR3) gene. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24168007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23044018",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622662",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21403557",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20592905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24168007",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "Abstract Muenke is a fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR-3) associated syndrome, which was first described ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] | [
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/FGFR3",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/3212"
},
{
"o": "FGFR3",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#l... | 52bf1d2e03868f1b0600000c | 975 |
factoid | RTS S AS01 vaccine was developed to prevent which disease? | [['malaria']] | [
"malaria",
"Plasmodium infection",
"malarial infection",
"malarial disease",
"malarial fever",
"Plasmodium",
"malignant tertian fever"
] | ['RTS,S/AS01 vaccine was developed for prevention of malaria.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077418",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24468190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25913272",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19806009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22739688",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21073995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077418",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 188,
"offsetInEndSection": 401,
"text": "This randomized, double-blind study (NCT01323972) assessed consistency of three RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine batch... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014612"
] | [
{
"o": "D004194",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0049608"
}
] | 56bc77a3ac7ad10019000015 | 979 |
factoid | Which is the main regulatory molecule of SERCA2A function in the cardiac muscle? | [['Phospholamban', 'PLN', 'plb']] | [
"Phospholamban",
"PLN",
"plb",
"Phospholamban protein",
"Phospholamban isoform",
"PLB"
] | ['SERCA2a activity is regulated by phosphorylation of another SR protein, Phospholamban (PLN). Phospholamban (PLB) inhibits the activity of SERCA2a, the Ca(2+)-ATPase in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, by decreasing the apparent affinity of the enzyme for Ca(2+).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25451386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23710633",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21266500",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15598648",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11371203",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25451386",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 406,
"offsetInEndSection": 705,
"text": "SR Ca-transport is mediated by the SR Ca-ATPase (SERCA2a) and its regulatory phosphoprotein, phospholamban (PLN)... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54cb9c94f693c3b16b000005 | 990 |
factoid | Which gene is responsible for the development of the Mowat-Wilson syndrome? | [['ZFHX1B', 'ZEB2', 'SIP-1']] | [
"ZFHX1B",
"ZEB2",
"SIP-1",
"Zinc finger homeobox 1B",
"Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2",
"Zinc finger protein SIP1",
"ZEB2 (Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2)",
"ZFHX1B (Zinc finger homeobox 1B)",
"SIP1 (Zinc finger protein SIP1)"
] | ['Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a multiple congenital anomaly-mental retardation complex caused by mutations in the Zinc Finger Homeobox 1 B gene (ZFHX1B, also known as ZEB2 or SIP-1).', 'Nonsense mutations of the ZFHX1B gene in two Japanese girls with Mowat-Wilson syndromezfhz1b is the causative gene for Mowat-Wilson... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23427518",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21336163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19842203",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932455",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16688751",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15908750",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23427518",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 219,
"offsetInEndSection": 275,
"text": "The cause of MWS is a de novo mutation in the ZEB2 gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5519113b622b19434500000f | 991 |
factoid | Which factor interacts with Treslin/TICRR throughout the cell cycle of human cells? | [['MDM two binding protein (MTBP)']] | [
"MDM two binding protein (MTBP)",
"MTBP",
"MDM2 binding protein",
"MDM2-binding protein",
"MDM2-interacting protein"
] | ["MDM two binding protein (MTBP) is a factor that interacts with Treslin/TICRR throughout the cell cycle. MTBP depletion by means of small interfering RNA inhibits DNA replication by preventing assembly of the CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) holohelicase during origin firing. Although MTBP has been implicated in the function of t... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704573"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704573",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 289,
"offsetInEndSection": 917,
"text": "We identified MDM two binding protein (MTBP) as a factor that interacts with Treslin/TICRR throughout the cell c... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TICRR_XENLA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TICRR_DANRE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TICRR_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TICRR_HUMAN"
] | [] | 56d19a363975bb303a000017 | 993 |
factoid | Which medication should be administered when managing patients with suspected acute opioid overdose? | ['naloxone'] | [
"naloxone",
"Narcan",
"Evzio",
"opioid antagonist",
"N-allylnoroxymorphone"
] | ['Naloxone is opioid anagonist that should be administered for all patients with suspected acute opioid overdose. Intravenous naltrexone hydrochloride is usually administered, however, other formulations, including enteral methylnaltrexone, nebulized naloxone and subcutaneous naloxone, are under investigation and can b... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17849242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11130352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11015242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9562190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8907145",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044832",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 145,
"text": "Opioid overdose has a high mortality, but is often reversible with appropriate overdose management and naloxo... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000701",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009292",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D062787"
] | null | 5149f494d24251bc0500004c | 996 |
factoid | Which type of GTPases is required for amino acid-dependent activation of mTORC1? | [['Heterodimeric Rag GTPases']] | [
"Heterodimeric Rag GTPases",
"Rag GTPases",
"RagA/B",
"Rag proteins",
"Rag heterodimer",
"Rag GTP-binding proteins"
] | ['Amino acids act through the heterodimeric Rag GTPases (RagA or RagB bound to RagC or RagD) in order to promote the translocation of mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface, its site of activation.', 'Heterodimeric Rag GTPases are required for amino-acid-mediated mTORC1 activation at the lysosome', 'Heterodimeric Rag GTPases ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25936802",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567906",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24698685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25263562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24081491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25936802",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 108,
"offsetInEndSection": 204,
"text": "Heterodimeric Rag GTPases are required for amino-acid-mediated mTORC1 activation at the lysosome"
},
{
"... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56cdf3e55795f9a73e00003c | 1,002 |
factoid | What is the synonym of the lubag disease? | [['X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism']] | [
"X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism",
"XDP",
"X-linked dystonia",
"X-linked parkinsonism",
"Dystonia-parkinsonism",
"X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome"
] | ['Lubag disease is also known as X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP). This disease is characterized by dystonia and parkinsonism, and afflicts Filipino men, and rarely, women originating principally from the Panay Island.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25004170",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23614923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23184149",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21047175",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20694531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18609312",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25004170",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "IMPORTANCE: Despite recessive inheritance, X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (Lubag disease) has also been described ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54df695b1388e8454a000004 | 1,004 |
factoid | Which is the execution time (complexity) of the Smith-Waterman algorithm for the alignment of two sequences | ['quadratic'] | [
"quadratic",
"quadratic function",
"quadratic equation",
"second-degree polynomial"
] | ['The complexity of the Smith-Waterman dynamic programming algorithm is quadratic, that is, it runs in time proportional to the product of lengths of the sequences being aligned.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21714130",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20370891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14668231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12804086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9021270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16522182",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21714130",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 251,
"text": "The problem of finding an optimal structural alignment for a pair of superimposed proteins is often amenable t... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017385",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017386",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016415",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | null | 51724fca8ed59a060a000013 | 1,012 |
factoid | The small molecule SEA0400 is an inhibitor of which ion antiporter/exchanger? | [['Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger', 'NCX']] | [
"Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger",
"NCX",
"sodium/calcium exchanger",
"sodium calcium exchanger",
"Na+/Ca2+ exchanger",
"Na+/Ca2+ antiporter",
"Na+/Ca2+ exchange protein"
] | ['SEA0400 is a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger having equal potencies to suppress both the forward and reverse mode operation of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. SEA0400 (2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy] phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline), is a selective NCX inhibitor in vivo.', 'The effects of SEA0400, a selecti... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22119380",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075452",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21672583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441899",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 341,
"text": "The plasma membrane Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is a bidirectional ion transporter that couples the translocation... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5506c3e38e1671127b00000a | 1,017 |
factoid | What is Piebaldism? | [['Piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of melanocyte development characterized by a congenital white forelock and multiple symmetrical stable hypopigmented or depigmented macules.']] | [
"Piebaldism",
"Piebald syndrome",
"Piebald trait",
"Piebald condition",
"Piebald phenotype"
] | ['Piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of melanocyte development characterized by a congenital white forelock and multiple symmetrical stable hypopigmented or depigmented macules.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23786947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23016555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23130293",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22670867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22438235",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21382296",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23786947",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 139,
"text": "Human piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by congenital white forelock and depigmente... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016116"
] | [] | 54fc4e2e6ea36a810c000003 | 1,018 |
factoid | Which SLC family is FLVCR1 a member of? | [['SLC49']] | [
"SLC49",
"Solute Carrier Family 49",
"SLC49A1",
"SLC49A2",
"SLC49A3"
] | ['Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR1) is a member of the SLC49 family.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23506900"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23506900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 136,
"offsetInEndSection": 335,
"text": "Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR1), a member of the SLC49 family of four paralogous genes, is a ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56d85e7751531f7e33000001 | 1,019 |
factoid | Where are the orexigenic peptides synthesized? | [['The orexigenic peptides are sythesized in the hypothalamus.']] | [
"orexigenic peptides",
"appetite-stimulating peptides",
"hunger-inducing peptides",
"hypothalamic peptides",
"peptides synthesized in the hypothalamus",
"orexigenic neuropeptides"
] | ['The orexigenic peptides are sythesized in the hypothalamus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502749",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25039297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25241055",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25017744",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502749",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "Orexin A and B, orexigenic peptides produced primarily by the lateral hypothalamus t"
},
{
"beginSection": ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56e47e0051531f7e3300001c | 1,021 |
factoid | Which inherited disorder is known to be caused by mutations in the NEMO gene? | [['Incontinentia pigmenti or Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome']] | [
"Incontinentia pigmenti",
"Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome",
"IP",
"Bloch-Sulzberger disease"
] | ['Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) or Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome (BSS) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder with a frequency of 1 in 50,000 newborn, and is associated with mutations in IKBKG gene (NEMO) in Xq28, inherited as an X-linked dominant trait.', 'Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder with a freq... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20499091",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19149237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16104114",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15833158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036144",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 205,
"text": "Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder with a frequency of 1 in 50,000 newborn, and is asso... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5721f4b30fd6f91b68000011 | 1,023 |
factoid | How are ultraconserved elements called when they form clusters? | [['gene regulatory blocks (GRBs)']] | [
"gene regulatory blocks (GRBs)",
"gene regulatory block",
"GRB",
"gene regulation blocks",
"gene regulatory elements",
"gene regulatory sequences"
] | ['Ultraconserved non-coding elements (UCNEs) are organized as large clusters, so-called gene regulatory blocks (GRBs) around key developmental genes. Their molecular functions and the reasons for their high degree of conservation remain enigmatic.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22962458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23193254"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22962458",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 203,
"offsetInEndSection": 532,
"text": "We were wondering whether this approach could provide insights about utlraconserved non-coding elements (UCNEs).... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 553c9f96f32186855800000c | 1,031 |
factoid | Which disease has been associated to a disruptive ALX1 protein? | [['frontonasal dysplasia']] | [
"frontonasal dysplasia",
"frontonasal malformation",
"frontonasal syndrome",
"frontonasal dysostosis"
] | ['Disruption of ALX1 causes extreme microphthalmia and severe facial clefting: expanding the spectrum of autosomal-recessive ALX-related frontonasal dysplasia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20627960",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19598128",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15728667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12559496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12390248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451171",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 157,
"text": "Disruption of ALX1 causes extreme microphthalmia and severe facial clefting: expanding the spectrum of autosomal-recessi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56cf36263975bb303a000007 | 1,034 |
factoid | How many selenoproteins are encoded in the human genome? | ['25'] | [
"25",
"twenty-five"
] | ['25. 15kDa, DI1, DI2, DI3, GPx1, GPx2, GPx3, GPx4, GPx6, SelH, SelI, SelK, SelM, SelN, SelO, SelP, SelR, SelS, SPS2, SelT, TR1, TR2, TR3, SelV and SelW.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22943432",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174224",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15843685"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775843",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 448,
"offsetInEndSection": 503,
"text": "The human selenoproteome consists of 25 selenoproteins."
}
] | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051140"
] | null | 517170c48ed59a060a00000d | 1,035 |
factoid | In which process Src, Cortactin and MT1-MMP are playing an essential role? | ['Src, Cortactin and MT1-MMP play an essential role in the formation and function of invadopodia.'] | [
"Src",
"c-Src",
"proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src",
"Cortactin",
"Cortactin (CTTN)",
"Cortactin protein",
"MT1-MMP",
"membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1",
"MMP-14",
"MT-MMP",
"MT1 matrix metalloproteinase"
] | Src was shown to be required for invadopodia formation and function, whereas Cortactin was found to regulate cofilin and N-WASp activities to control the stages of invadopodium assembly and maturation. Finally, membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) was demostrated as the key invadopodial enzyme responsible... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23417847",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22039045",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20937825",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19704022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446433",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16540652"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23417847",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 730,
"offsetInEndSection": 1021,
"text": "Further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that the levels of key modulators of in... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053511",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051356",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020782",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 534eb34b288f4dae47000002 | 1,036 |
factoid | In which yeast chromosome does the rDNA cluster reside? | [['chromosome XII', 'chromosome 12']] | [
"chromosome XII",
"chromosome 12",
"Chr 12",
"12th chromosome",
"Chromosome 12 (human)",
"Chromosome XII (human)"
] | ['The rDNA cluster in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is located 450 kb from the left end and 610 kb from the right end of chromosome XII and consists of approximately 150 tandemly repeated copies of a 9.1 kb rDNA unit.', 'Chromosome XII context is important for rDNA function in yeast', 'Chromosome XII context is important fo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16738130",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8175878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9169867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8371105"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16738130",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Chromosome XII context is important for rDNA function in yeast"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005694",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012441"
] | [] | 5710e131a5ed216440000001 | 1,037 |
factoid | During which stage of the cell cycle is cohesin deposited on the yeast genome? | [['S-phase']] | [
"S-phase",
"S phase",
"Synthesis phase",
"Synthesis period"
] | ['In the budding yeast, cohesin is loaded onto the chromosome during the late G1 phase, establishes sister chromatid cohesion concomitant with DNA replication, and dissociates by the telophase.', 'In the budding yeast, cohesin is loaded onto the chromosome during the late G1 phase, establishes sister chromatid cohesion... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18178375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17670945",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15870297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15309048",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11069892",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18178375",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 192,
"text": "In the budding yeast, cohesin is loaded onto the chromosome during the late G1 phase, establishes sister chromatid... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002453",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007049"
] | [] | 56e2acfe51531f7e33000014 | 1,040 |
factoid | Which is the neurodevelopmental disorder associated to mutations in the X- linked gene mecp2? | ['Rett syndrome'] | [
"Rett syndrome",
"Rett's syndrome",
"Rett disorder",
"Rett's disorder",
"MECP2-related disorder",
"MECP2 syndrome"
] | ['The neurodevelopmental disorder named Rett syndrome, originally termed as cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia. Although most exclusively affects females, has also been found in male patients.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449173",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22670134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11269512",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982301",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21982064",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19495527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449173",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 553,
"offsetInEndSection": 650,
"text": "Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene coding for methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2)."
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MECP2_MACFA",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051783"
] | null | 517818508ed59a060a000035 | 1,041 |
factoid | What is the link between Dax1 and Esrrb? | [['Dax1 associates with Esrrb and regulates its function in embryonic stem cells.']] | [
"Dax1",
"Dax-1",
"Nuclear receptor Dax-1",
"Dax1 protein",
"Dax1 (Nuclear receptor)",
"Dax1 (NR0B1)"
] | ['Dax1 associates with Esrrb and regulates its function in embryonic stem cells.', 'Dax1 associates with Esrrb and regulates its function in embryonic stem cells', 'Dax1 associates with Esrrb and regulates its function in embryonic stem cells', 'Dax1 associates with Esrrb and regulates its function in embryonic stem ce... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23508100"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23508100",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "Dax1 associates with Esrrb and regulates its function in embryonic stem cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D057137"
] | [] | 56a8ee75a17756b72f000007 | 1,043 |
factoid | What is dovitinib? | [['tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor']] | [
"tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor",
"TKI",
"tyrosine kinase inhibitor",
"tyrosine kinase receptor antagonist"
] | ['Dovitinib (TKI258) is a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor with potent activity against fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26070683",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22180308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22230479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23041231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21521775",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24238094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26070683",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 312,
"text": "This phase 2 study investigated the efficacy and safety of dovitinib (TKI258), a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibit... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56d04a533975bb303a000010 | 1,044 |
factoid | Which heat shock protein is found to be upregulated during Hsp90 inhibition? | ['HSP70'] | [
"HSP70",
"Heat shock protein 70",
"HSP 70",
"HSP-70",
"HSP70 protein",
"HSP70A",
"HSPA1A",
"HSPA1B",
"HSPA1L"
] | HSP90 inhibition was found to be associated with induction of HSP70 expression. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24100469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20015528"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24100469",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 935,
"offsetInEndSection": 1110,
"text": "HSP90 inhibition was associated with decreased neuroendocrine ErbB and IGF-I receptor expression, decreased Erk... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018841",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006360",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018840",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 534abe8aaeec6fbd07000013 | 1,049 |
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