question stringlengths 1 1.57k | options sequencelengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 5
values | correct_option stringlengths 1 287 | explanation stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀ | dataset stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hea failure cells are found in | [
"Myocardium",
"Lungs",
"Liver",
"Spleen"
] | B | Lungs | It is seen characteristically found in lungs during left hea failure.The morphology of lung in LVH described by: Lungs. Rising pressure in the pulmonary veins is ultimately transmitted back to the capillaries and aeries of the lungs, resulting in congestion and edema as well as pleural effusion due to an increase in hy... | medmcqa |
bisferens pulse is seen in all except ? | [
"AS+ AR",
"AR",
"HYPEROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY",
"TOF"
] | D | TOF | Pulsus Bisferiens It is single pulse wave with two peaks in systole * d/t ejection of rapid jet of blood through aoic valve * Best felt in brachial and femoral aery * AS + AR * Severe AR * HOCM(Hyperophic obstructive cardiomyopathy) . REF : harrisons 21st ed | medmcqa |
True about MRI/CT appearance of lateral meningocele: | [
"Solid dural masses",
"Usually outside the spinal canal",
"Widened neural foramen",
"Generally there is no spinal cord compression & deformity"
] | C | Widened neural foramen | C i.e. Widened neural foramen - Lateral meningocele is non solid, CSF containing leptomeningeal outpouching through widened neural foramen usually into paraspinal, intrathoracic spaceQ. And it is generally associated with spinal deformities like, posterior (dorsal) scalloping, erosion of pedicles, thinning of neural ar... | medmcqa |
Rapid infusion of insulin causes- | [
"Hyperkalemia",
"Hypokalemia",
"Hypernatremia",
"Hyponatremia"
] | B | Hypokalemia | * Insulin, b2-adrenergic activity, thyroid hormone, and alkalosis promote Na+/K+-ATPase-mediated cellular uptake of K+, leading to hypokalemia. * stimulation of endogenous insulin can provoke hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and/or hypophosphatemia in malnourished patients given a carbohydrate load. (reference harrisons pr... | medmcqa |
Which occupation increases risk for silicosis: | [
"Mica worker",
"Sugarcane worker",
"Cotton industry workers",
"Coal mine workers"
] | A | Mica worker | Ans. a. Mica workerSILICOSISDefinition: Silicosis is an occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of silica dust.Epidemiology: Silicosis is seen in individuals who work in mining, quarrying, tunneling, glass and pottery making, and sandblasting.Signs and Symptoms: Silicosis will cause similar symptoms to asbestosi... | medmcqa |
The commonest tumour of parotid is | [
"Mucoepidermoid",
"Mixed parotid tumour",
"Adenolymphoma",
"Squamous cell carcinoma"
] | B | Mixed parotid tumour | Pleomorphic adenomas are benign tumors that consist of a mixture of ductal (epithelial) and myoepithelial cells, and therefore they show both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Because of their remarkable histologic diversity, these neoplasms have also been called mixed tumors. They represent about 60% of tumo... | medmcqa |
Meibomian gland carcinoma may be mistaken for: | [
"Recurrent stye",
"Recurrent chalazion",
"Recurrent concretions",
"Chronic conjunctivitis"
] | B | Recurrent chalazion | Ans. (b) Recurrent chalazion. | medmcqa |
At what age does the child who knows his age, gender, name, can draw a circle and make a tower of 9 cubes? | [
"2 years",
"3 years",
"4 years",
"5 years"
] | B | 3 years | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 3 years Important milestones of a 3 years child* Rides tricycle* Knows his age and sex.* Stands momentarily on one foot* Repeat a sentence of 6 syllables* Draws a circle* Has a vocabulary of 250 words* Can dress or undress himself completely* Counts 3 objects correctly* Builds tower of 10 cubes* Can w... | medmcqa |
A patient with cancer received extreme degree of radiation toxicity. Fuher history revealed that the dose adjustment of a paicular drug was missed during the course of radiotherapy. Which of the following drugs required a dose adjustment in that patient during radiotherapy in order to prevent radiation toxicity - | [
"Vincristine",
"Dactinomycin",
"Cyclophosphamide",
"6-Mercaptopurine"
] | B | Dactinomycin | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Dactinomycin o The patient was most probably taking a radiosensitiser i.e., drugs which increases the toxicity due to radiotherpy. o The dose of these drugs should be decreased during radiotherapy o Among the drugs given in the question Actinomycin D or Dactinomycin is a radiosensitizer o Hypoxic cell... | medmcqa |
True about cytokines are all except: | [
"It is polypeptide",
"Have autocrine and paracrine effects",
"Involve in leukocytic movements",
"It takes pa in intrinsic enzymatic reaction"
] | D | It takes pa in intrinsic enzymatic reaction | D i.e It takes pa in intrinsic enzymatic reaction They are polypeptideQ in nature.Induced their effect in three ways: Autocrine, paracrine & endocrine effects.Q Mediates natural immunity Affects leucocytic movementQRegulate lymphocytic growth activation & differentiation.Activate inflammatory cells & stimulate hematopo... | medmcqa |
Hydrocortisone acts as an anti–inflammatory agent because of induction of the synthesis of which of the following protein ? | [
"Heat shock protein 90",
"Inhibin",
"Transcortin",
"Lipocortin"
] | D | Lipocortin | null | medmcqa |
The operation of choice in ulcerative colitis | [
"Proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis",
"Subtotal colectomy and ileostomy",
"Proctocolectomy and permanent end ileostomy",
"Subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis"
] | A | Proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis | The operation of choice in ulcerative colitis is proctocolectomy (with preservation of the anal sphincter complex) with ileoanal J pouch anastomosis (IPAA).Total proctocolectomy has the advantage of removing all diseased mucosa, thereby preventing fuher inflammation and the potential for progression to dysplasia or car... | medmcqa |
Incised wounds on genitalia: AIIMS 09, 10 | [
"Homicidal",
"Suicidal",
"Accidental",
"Self-inflicted"
] | A | Homicidal | Ans. Homicidal | medmcqa |
The pleural space into which lung tissue just above the cardiac notch would tend to expand during deep inspiration is the? | [
"Anterior mediastinum",
"Costodiaphragmatic recess",
"Costomediastinal recess",
"Cupola"
] | C | Costomediastinal recess | The costomediastinal recess is an area right next to the cardiac notch, which is an indentation in the superior lobe of the left lung. This is where the medial area of the superior lobe of the left lung would tend to expand if it became very inflated. The lung would not enter the anterior mediastinum, which is an area ... | medmcqa |
The co-factor for glycogen phosphorylase in glycogenolysis is: | [
"Thiamine pyrophosphate",
"Pyridoxal phosphate",
"Citrate",
"FAD"
] | B | Pyridoxal phosphate | Glycogen phosphorylase catalyses the rate limiting step in glycogenolysis by catalyzing the phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate. Glycogen phosphorylase requires pyridoxal phosphate as its coenzyme. | medmcqa |
In a patient with CSF otorrhea a cotton plug is kept in ear near Eustachian tube. A dye is injected in the sub- arachnoid space. The plug gets stained. Which of the following is most likely site of CSF leak? | [
"Temporal bone",
"Ethmoid",
"Sphenoid",
"Cribriform plate"
] | A | Temporal bone | Ans. A. Temporal bone.CSF otorrhea# The most common cause of CSF otorrhea is trauma with fracture involving the tegmen tympani. Tegmen tympani which is formed in part by the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and the squamous portion of the temporal bone, forms the roof of the middle ear cavity. Other etiologies inc... | medmcqa |
In pregnancy : | [
"Plasma fibrinogen levels are increased",
"Fibrinogen levels are decreased",
"Thyroglobulins are decreased",
"IgD are markedly increased"
] | A | Plasma fibrinogen levels are increased | Plasma fibrinogen levels are increased | medmcqa |
A 9-month-old girl is presented with PR bleed, vomiting, mass & colicky pain in Rt lumbar region with masked liver dullness. She is in shock like condition. Management should includes – a) Barium enema b) Saline reduction c) Give O2 d) Nasogastric tube d) IV fluid | [
"abc",
"acd",
"bcd",
"abde"
] | D | abde | PR bleed, vomiting, mass in right lumbar region, colicky pain and masked liver dullness in a 9-month infant suggest the diagnosis of intussusception.
Patient is also having shock, so she requires treatment of shock and intussusception.
Diagnosis of intussusception
The clinical history and physical findings are usual... | medmcqa |
Lower l/3rd of anal canal is derived from- | [
"Proctodaeum",
"Cloaca",
"Urogenital Sinus",
"Midgut"
] | B | Cloaca | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Proctodaeum * 'The lower third of the anal canal is an ectodermal derivative and is derived from the proctodaeum.'* Part of anal canal above pectinate line develops from dorsal part of endodermal cloaca (primitive rectum) and part of anal canal below pectinate line develops from ectodermal proctodeum. | medmcqa |
Injury caused to the pedestrian in a vehicular accident due to his/her striking onto the object on road is known as - | [
"Primary injury",
"Secondary injury",
"Acceleration injury",
"Decceleration injury"
] | B | Secondary injury | Secondary injury is caused by person violently falling on ground (road) or on stationary object. | medmcqa |
The area of the colon which is least visualized by barium studies - | [
"Sigmoid",
"Hepatic flexure",
"Splenic flexure",
"Caecum"
] | A | Sigmoid | null | medmcqa |
Transitional epithelium is seen in- | [
"Esophagus",
"Vagina",
"Urinary bladder",
"Trachea"
] | C | Urinary bladder | Lining of urinary bladder is Transitional epithelium. | medmcqa |
Strawberry berry gallbladder' is seen in | [
"Porcelain gall bladder",
"Cholesterosis",
"Necrosis of gall bladder",
"Gall bladder carcinoma"
] | B | Cholesterosis | the strawberry gallbladder is seen in cholesterosis,i.e.abnormal deposition of cholestrol in gallbladder.In the freshstate,the interior of the gallbladder looks something like a strawberry,the yellow specks (submucous aggregations of cholesterol crystals and cholesterol esters )correspond to the seeds. It may be associ... | medmcqa |
Gabapentin has which mechanism of action for its antiepileptic effect ? | [
"Inhibits monoamine oxidase",
"Blocks the re-uptake of neurotransmitters",
"Increase the release of neurotransmitters",
"Block Na+channels"
] | C | Increase the release of neurotransmitters | null | medmcqa |
Criteria for a pancreas donor include: | [
"No history of diabetes",
"No liver donation",
"No replaced hepatic aery vessels arising from the superior mesenteric aery (SMA)",
"No previous splenectomy"
] | A | No history of diabetes | - Combined liver-pancreas procurement should be routine, even if the right hepatic aery arises from the superior mesenteric aery. - In this situation, since the transplanted liver is the life-saving organ, the proximal superior mesenteric aery should remain with the liver and the distal superior mesenteric aery supplyi... | medmcqa |
In hyperventilation | [
"P50 and Hb affinity for O2 increases",
"P50 and Hb affinity for O2 decreases",
"P50 increases and affinity O2 decreases",
"P50 decreases and affinity O2 increases"
] | C | P50 increases and affinity O2 decreases | Abnormally fast and deep breathing, the result of either an emotional state or a physiological condition. Emotional causes include acute anxiety and emotional tension, such as in nervous, anxious patients who may have other functional disturbances related to emotional problems. Physiological causes include a rapid decr... | medmcqa |
Lacunar infarction is seen in: | [
"Large vessel stroke",
"Small vessel stroke",
"Artery to artery embolic stroke",
"Temporal arteritis"
] | B | Small vessel stroke | (Small vessel stroke) (2378-H 16th) (864-66-CMDT-2009) (2519-H17th)(A) LACUNAR INFARCTION - refer to infarction following atherothrombotic or lipohyalinotic occlusion of a small artery (30 to 300 pm) in the brain. The term small vessel stroke denotes occlusion of such small penetrating artery and is now the preferred.*... | medmcqa |
In papilledema, all the following are true except - | [
"Blurring of the disc",
"Congestion of retinal veins",
"Soft white exudates around the disc",
"Sudden loss of vision"
] | D | Sudden loss of vision | Visual acuity and pupillary reactions usually remain fairly normal until late stages when optic atrophy sets. Even then, there is gradually progressive painless loss of vision. | medmcqa |
Which of the following is the safest method of sterilization in immediate post paum period : | [
"Minilaparotomy",
"Laparoscopy",
"Hysteroscopic method",
"None"
] | A | Minilaparotomy | Minilaparotomy | medmcqa |
Meniscal tears usually result from which of the following circumstances? | [
"Hyperextension",
"Flexion and rotation",
"Simple hyperflexion",
"Compression"
] | B | Flexion and rotation | Most meniscal tears are produced by flexion and rapid rotation. A classic example ("football knee") involves a player who is hit while running. The knee, supporting all the player's weight, usually is slightly flexed, and the foot is anchored to the ground by cleats. Impact from an opposing player usually causes rotati... | medmcqa |
Antidote used in methyl alcohol poisoning is? | [
"EDTA",
"Alpha methyl dopa",
"Acetyl cysteine",
"Fomepizole"
] | D | Fomepizole | ANSWER; (D) FomepizoleREF: APPENDIX-42 below for list of "Antidotes" APPENDIX - 42AntidotesAntidotePoison/drug/toxinN-AcetylcysteineAcetaminophenCarbon tetrachlorideOther hepatotoxinsAmyl nitrite, sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate (Cyanide antidote kit)NitrilesBromatesChloratesCyanide (e.g., HCN, KCX and NaCN)Musta... | medmcqa |
In a child with respiratory distress, failure to thrive. His sweat chloride leveles were estimated 35 meq/L and 41 meq/L. What is next best test to do cystic fibrosis for diagnosis aEUR' | [
"Nasal transmembrane potential difference",
"DNA analysis AF 508 mutation",
"CT chest",
"72 hour fecal fat estimation"
] | C | CT chest | Trans epithelial nasal potential difference Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis Sweat chloride testing The sweat test is the standard approach to diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by elevated sodium and chloride level in the sweat > 60 meoll. Two tests on different days are required .for accurate diagnosis. A normal sweat chlo... | medmcqa |
Child attains a height of 100 cm at the age of: March 2011 | [
"1 year",
"2 years",
"3 years",
"4 years"
] | D | 4 years | Ans. D: 4 years A normal Indian child is 100 cm tall at the age of 4.5 years | medmcqa |
Breast conservation surgery is contraindicated in | [
"Tumor > 4 cm",
"Multicentric tumor",
"Axillary LN involvement",
"All of the above"
] | D | All of the above | .Contraindications * Tumour > 4 cm * Positive axillary nodes > N1 * Tumour margin is not free of tumour after breast conservative surgery needs MRM * Poorly differentiated tumour * Multicentric tumour * Tumour/breast size ratio is more (centeral tumour) * Tumour beneath the nipple * Extensive intraductal carcinoma Ref;... | medmcqa |
ECG changes in hyperkalemia are all except - | [
"Prolonged PR interval",
"Depressed ST-segment",
"Inverted T wave",
"Wide QRS"
] | C | Inverted T wave | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Inverted T wave HypokalemiaHyperkalemiao Prominent U wave (earliest change)o Sine wave configurationo Flattening and inversion of T-waveo Tall, tented T-wave (peaked & narrow)o Prolonged PR-interval, QRS widening (in severe H~) o Prolonged PR-interval, QRS widening and(But PR & QRS constant when K+ +-... | medmcqa |
Fructose intolerance is due to deficiency of? | [
"Aldolase B",
"Fructokinase",
"Triokinase",
"Aldolase A"
] | A | Aldolase B | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Aldolase B DiseaseDificient enzymesEssential fructosuriaFructokinaseHereditary fructose intoleranceAldolase-BGalactosemiaGalactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (most common), Galactokinase UDP-galactose-4-epimeraseLactose intoleranceLactase (b-galactosidase)Essential pentosuriaL-xylulose dehydrogena... | medmcqa |
All of the following statements are true regarding anterior axillary lymph nodes EXCEPT- | [
"Present on anterior wall of axilla on pectoral muscle",
"Present along the lateral thoracic vein",
"Drains into central axillary lymph nodes",
"Drains the medial aspect of mammary gland"
] | D | Drains the medial aspect of mammary gland | Anterior axillary / pectoral lymph nodes are present along the lateral thoracic vein on the anterior wall of axilla on pectoral muscle. These drains the lateral aspect of mammary gland. And finally drains into central axillary lymph nodes. | medmcqa |
Inheritence of Familial hypophosphatemic Rickets is | [
"Autosomal recessive",
"X-linked dominant",
"X-linked recessive",
"Autosomal dominant"
] | B | X-linked dominant | null | medmcqa |
Paranasal sinuses presents at bih are | [
"Frontal and maxillary",
"Ethmoid and maxillary",
"Frontal and ethmoid",
"Sphenoid and ethmoid"
] | B | Ethmoid and maxillary | Paranasal sinuses develop as outpouchings from the mucous membrane of a lateral wall of the nose. The growth of sinuses continues during childhood and into early adult life. Radiologically maxillary sinuses can be identified at 4-5 months, ethmoids at 1 year, sphenoid at 4 years and frontals at 6 years. Reference: Dise... | medmcqa |
In children, the most common lesion in anterior teeth are due to | [
"Nursing bottle caries",
"Dental trauma",
"Malformation of tooth",
"Discolouration"
] | A | Nursing bottle caries | - In children, the most common lesion in anterior teeth are due to nursing bottle caries.
- These lesions begin on the labial surface of all anterior and they progress rapidly as diffused demineralization of the entire surface of all existing teeth. | medmcqa |
Ketone bodies are used by all except ? | [
"Brain",
"RBCs",
"Skeletal muscles",
"Hepatocytes"
] | D | Hepatocytes | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hepatocytes Ketone bodies are synthesized by liver and are utilized by extrahepatic tissues like hea, muscles, renal coex and brain (in starvation). Liver cannot utilize ketone bodies because it lacks enzyme succinyl-CoA-acetoacetate CoA transferase, which is required for the activation of ketone bodi... | medmcqa |
Bevelling of inner table of skull is found in | [
"Fire arm entry wound",
"Fire arm exit wound",
"Drowning",
"Infanticide"
] | A | Fire arm entry wound | A i.e. Firearm entry wound When a bullet traverses the skull, the apeure in the bone differs in relation to the outer & inner tables; the defect is larger in the I direction in which the bullet travelsQ | medmcqa |
A patient comes with history of unresponsive fever and cough. X-ray revealed pneumonia. Sputum examination showed gram positive, paially acid fast bacteria with branching filaments that grows on sheep blood agar. The most likely etiologic agents is: | [
"Actinomycetes",
"Nocardia",
"Aspergillosis",
"Pneumococci"
] | B | Nocardia | Ans. (b) i.e. Nocardia | medmcqa |
Most sensitive test for sanguinarine is : | [
"Paper chromatography",
"HCL",
"Fecl3",
"Nitric acid"
] | B | HCL | Can be detected by both Nitric acid test and paper chromatography test (Most sensitive test). | medmcqa |
Budd - Chiari Syndrome occurs in: | [
"Antithrombin deficiency",
"Protein C deficiency",
"Oral contraceptive use",
"All of the above"
] | D | All of the above | (All of the above) (336, 627, 1862, 1874-H 16th) (612-13-CMDT-09) (362, 661, 733,1945, 1990-Hl7th)BUDD-CHIAR1 SYNDROME (Hepatic vein obstruction)* Many cases associated with polycythemia vera or other proliferative diseases* Predisposition to thrombosis (e.g. - hyperprothrombinemia) factor II G20210 A mutation) activat... | medmcqa |
Osteoblastic secondaries are most commonly seen from which primary malignancy? | [
"Lung",
"Prostate",
"Adrenal",
"Breast"
] | B | Prostate | Ans is 'b' i.e. Prostate | medmcqa |
Most common type of hypospadias is: September 2011 | [
"Glandular",
"Penile",
"Coronal",
"Perineal"
] | A | Glandular | Ans. A: Glandular Glandular hypospadias is common and does not usually require treatment Hypospadias: The external meatus opens on the underside of the penis or the perineum, and the inferior aspect of the prepuce is poorly developed (hooded prepuce) Meatal stenosis occurs Bifid scrotum 6 - 10 months of age is the best... | medmcqa |
Which of the following is the most common location of hypertensive haemorrhage - | [
"Pons",
"Thalamus",
"Putamen/external capsule",
"Subcortical white matter"
] | C | Putamen/external capsule | null | medmcqa |
A 32-year old male with no past medical history is brought to the emergency department after being injured in a bomb blast. On examination he is suspected to have a splenic injury and is supposed to undergo an emergency laparotomy. Which of the following is the ideal anaesthetic agent of choice? | [
"Remifentanil",
"Morphine",
"Etomidate",
"Halothane"
] | C | Etomidate | Ans. c. Etomidate (Ref: Morgan 4/e p167, 194, 199)A 32-year -old male with no past medical history is brought to the emergency department after being injured in a bomb blast. On examination he is suspected to have a splenic injury and is supposed to undergo an emergency laparotomy. The ideal anaesthetic agent of choice... | medmcqa |
A 30-year-old multiparous female complains of a painless ulcer in vulva. She has several sexual partners. Her previous pregnancy has ended in a still birth at 24 weeks. What is the first test, which should be performed in this case: | [
"ELISA for HIV",
"VDRL Test",
"Culture of scraping from the ulcer",
"Election microscopy of scraping from the ulcer"
] | B | VDRL Test | Ans is b, i.e. VDRL TestRef: Dutta Gynae 6th/ed, p262The female is presenting with a single painless ulcer, she has multiple sex partners and her pregnancy resulted in still birth at 24 weeks. All this points towards syphilis as the diagnosis.The first test to be performed in this case is VDRL test (screening test).Con... | medmcqa |
The treatment for CNS leukaemia is | [
"Intrathecal methotrexate",
"Vincristine and prednisolone",
"Intrathecal vincristine",
"IV prednisolone"
] | A | Intrathecal methotrexate | Intrathecal methotrexate is a chemotherapy drug which is given to prevent leukaemia cells entering the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the spine and brain. This drug is also used to treat leukaemia found in the CSF for CNS leukemias Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 788 | medmcqa |
A young girl presented with swelling of right thigh with history of trauma 2 months back. Now she presents with swelling at mid shaft of femur and low grade fever. ESR is midly raised. X ray shows a laminated Periosteal reaction, next line of investigation would be | [
"MRI",
"Biopsy",
"Bone scan",
"Blood count and CRP"
] | A | MRI | Next best investigation is MRI Extent of soft tissue involvement Skip lesions in the same compament Relationship if neurovascular bundle to the tumor Intramedulary extent of tumor Refer Campbell 13th/e | medmcqa |
Fatty acid synthase complex result in formation of | [
"14 carbon chain",
"16 carbon chain",
"18 carbon chain",
"20 carbon chain"
] | B | 16 carbon chain | Ref: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry, 6th edition, page no: 136-138 | medmcqa |
Arthritis mutilans is a feature of? | [
"Lichen planus",
"Psoriasis",
"Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome",
"Eczema"
] | B | Psoriasis | Ans. b (Psoriasis). (Ref. Harrison' sprinciples of medicine -18th/Chapter 52.)PSORIASIS# Classical features:- White scaly plaques with specific distribution over the body.- Pitting (thimble) of nails.- Onychodystrophy, Subungual hypertrophy.- Arthritis mutilans, rare and late feature {pencil in cup sign, pestle in mort... | medmcqa |
Sine wave pattern in E.C.G. is seen in- | [
"Hypokalemia",
"Hyperkalemia",
"Hyponatremia",
"Hypermatremia"
] | B | Hyperkalemia | null | medmcqa |
Maximum recommended external beam radiation therapy dose for a case of Carcinoma cervix is? | [
"80 Gy",
"70 Gy",
"50 Gy",
"35 Gy"
] | C | 50 Gy | Ans. C. 50 Gy."External-beam doses of more than 40 to 45 Gy to the central pelvis tend to compromise the dose deliverable to paracentral tissues and increase the risk of late complications. However, recently IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy) allows delivery of doses exceeding 60 Gy with relative sparing of adjace... | medmcqa |
During skeletal muscle contraction: | [
"A band shorten",
"Both H and I band shorten",
"Both A and I band shorten",
"Both A and H band shorten"
] | B | Both H and I band shorten | During muscle contraction, two Z lines come closer; the length of the ‘A band’ remains constant whereas the length of H and I band decreases. The M line becomes more prominent. | medmcqa |
ln &;V&;-Exotropia amount of detion | [
"Decreases in upward gaze and increases in downward gaze",
"Decreases in upward as well as downward gaze",
"Increases in upward as well as downward gaze",
"Increases in upward gaze and decreases in downward gaze"
] | D | Increases in upward gaze and decreases in downward gaze | A' AND 'V' PATTERN HETEROTROPIA The terms 'A' or 'V' pattern squint are labelled when the amount of detion in squinting eye varies by more than 10deg and 15deg, respectively, between upward and downward gaze. 'A' and 'V' esotropia. In 'A' esotropia the amount of detion increases in upward gaze and decreases in downward... | medmcqa |
Late metabolic acidosis in newborns are caused due to feeding of which formula: | [
"Whey predominant",
"Casein predominant",
"Both of the above",
"None of the above"
] | B | Casein predominant | Casein dominant formulas or cow's milk has higher concentration of aromatic acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine that may lead to late metabolic acidosis. Ref: Nutrition and Child Development, K.E. Elizabeth, 4th edition pg: 26 | medmcqa |
Commonest cutaneous eruption in SLE is: | [
"Palmar erythema",
"Discoid lesions",
"Erythema of light exposed area",
"Diffuse morbiliform erythema"
] | C | Erythema of light exposed area | Erythema of light exposed area | medmcqa |
"Sub-mucosal glands" are present in? | [
"Duodenum",
"Colon",
"Anal canal",
"Stomach"
] | A | Duodenum | Duodenum and oesophagus have submucosal glands. The submucosa of the duodenum is densely packed with mucous Brunner&;s glands.The oesophagus has occasional submucosal mucous glands.Reference: Chaurasia; 6th edition | medmcqa |
Coenzyme A in TCA contains which of the following? | [
"Thiamine",
"Riboflavin",
"Panthothenic acid",
"Nicotinic acid"
] | C | Panthothenic acid | Co-enzyme Activity of Pantothenic Acid - i. The beta mercaptoethanol amine (NH2-CH2- CH2-SH) contains one thiol or sulfhydryl (-SH) group. It is the active site where acyl groups are carried. Therefore the co-enzyme A is sometimes abbreted as CoA-SH to denote this active site. ii. The thio ester bond in acyl-CoA is a h... | medmcqa |
Test normally undeaken to demonstrate the presence of collateral circulation of hand is NOT RELATED-SURGERY | [
"Kety Schmidt test",
"Allen's test",
"Sellick's test",
"Swan Ganz test"
] | B | Allen's test | Allen's test is done to determine the presence of collateral circulation of hand before cannulating radial aery. | medmcqa |
Pudendal canal is a pa of - | [
"Colle's fascia",
"Obturator fascia",
"Scarpa's fascia",
"None"
] | B | Obturator fascia | Ans. is'b'i.e., Obturator fasciaPudendal canal (Alcock's canal) is a fascial canal in the lateral wall of ischeorectal (ischeo-anal) fossa.It is a space between obturator fascia and lunate fascia. Other believe that it is formed by splitting of the obturator fascia.Contents of pudendal canal are -Pudendal nerve,Interna... | medmcqa |
The most common complication of hypermature sclerotic cataract is | [
"Dislocation of the lens",
"Phacomorphic glaucoma",
"Uveitis",
"Neovascularization of retina"
] | A | Dislocation of the lens | Subluxation of the lens is the most common complication of nuclear sclerotic hypermature cataract refer Khurana 6th edition page number 184 | medmcqa |
True regarding 10-0 sutures is/are? | [
"Thicker than 1-0 sutures",
"Synthetic sutures",
"Diameter is 0.9 mm",
"Stronger than 1-0"
] | B | Synthetic sutures | Answer- B. Synthetic suturesThe larger the size ascribed to the suture, the smaller the diameter be.10-0 sutures- 0.2 (0.020-0.029) | medmcqa |
Eye examination of a 48-year-old man showed a golden brown ring around the cornea. You suspect a Kayser Fleisher ring, which is characteristically seen in which of the following conditions? | [
"Hemosiderosis",
"Wilson's disease",
"Tyrosinemia",
"Hereditary cataract"
] | B | Wilson's disease | Kayser Fleisher Ring is seen in Wilson's disease. KF ring is a golden brown ring which occur due to deposition of copper under the peripheral pas of the Descement's membrane of the cornea. Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disease of young adults characterized by abnormal copper metabolism which inturn cau... | medmcqa |
Lisch nodules are seen in: March 2009 | [
"Retinoblastoma",
"Neurofibromatosis",
"Retiniitis pigmentosa",
"Neuroblastoma"
] | B | Neurofibromatosis | Ans. B: Neurofibromatosis | medmcqa |
Postnatally when is the growth velocity maximum | [
"In the first year of life",
"In the second year of life",
"In the seventh year of life",
"In adolescence"
] | A | In the first year of life | Postnatally there are 2 periods of accelerated growth, they are: 1st yr of growth Growth spu during pubey Ref: Nelson's, 20th edition, Page-84 | medmcqa |
A Down syndrome child is mentally retarded. All cytogenetic abnormalities may occur except? | [
"Deleted chromosome 21",
"Trisomy 21",
"Robertsonian translocation",
"Mosaic"
] | A | Deleted chromosome 21 | a. Deleted chromosome 21(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 610-615, Ghai 8/e p 637-639)An extra copy of chr 21 is required to cause trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), so deletion of chr 21 will not cause it. | medmcqa |
Which of the following is a fungus - | [
"Klebsiella",
"Clostridia",
"Pneumocystis jerovecii",
"Listeria"
] | C | Pneumocystis jerovecii | Pneumocystis jerovecii is considered to be fungus based on following points:
It takes fungal stains like Gomori’s methanamine silver stain
It possesses chitin at all stages of development (component of fungal cell wall)
Based on molecular study of 5S –rRNA. | medmcqa |
If a child's teeth do not form, this would primarily affect the growth of the: | [
"Maxilla",
"Mandible",
"Whole face",
"Alveolar bone"
] | D | Alveolar bone | Key Concept:
If teeth do not form, this would primarily affect the growth of the alveolar bone. | medmcqa |
In cholangiography CBD stone appears as | [
"Meniscus sign",
"Cutoff sign",
"Slight flow of dye from the sides",
"Ability to absorb water"
] | A | Meniscus sign | Mr cholangiography : provides excellent anatomic detail, with sensitivity and specificity of 95 %and 98 %respectively for CBD stones Typical meniscus sign is seen when the CBD stone is wedged at the level of the papilla Ref: Sutton 6th edition Pgno : 971 | medmcqa |
Which of the following is the first bone to ossify in human body | [
"Mandible",
"Maxilla",
"Clavicle",
"Humerus"
] | C | Clavicle | The mandible is the second bone, next to the clavicle, to ossify in the body. | medmcqa |
All of the following are features of Mobiz type I block except - | [
"Constant PR interval",
"Normal QRS morphology",
"Regular atrial rhythm",
"Atrial rate - ventricular rate"
] | A | Constant PR interval | null | medmcqa |
Differential diagnosis of rosacea includes all of the following except? | [
"Acne vulgaris",
"Lupus erythematosus",
"BCC",
"Melasma"
] | D | Melasma | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Melasma ACNE ROSACEA* Acne rosacea, commonly called rosacea, is a chronic non-curable skin disease with periodic ups and down. It occurs in middle age (30-50 years). It is more common in females, but is more severe in males. Rosacea is a centrofacial disease, i.e., it involves the central face - Cheek... | medmcqa |
All are features of familial hemolytic uremic syndromes except: | [
"Characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia",
"Hemolysis results from an inherited intrinsic red cell abnormalities",
"Atypical HUS is a severe disease with up to 15% moality in the acute phase",
"50% of cases progressing to end-stage renal disease"
] | B | Hemolysis results from an inherited intrinsic red cell abnormalities | Familial HUS mostly affecting children, characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (HA) with presence of fragmented erythrocytes in the peripheral blood smear, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. The hemolysis results from an inherited defect external to red cells. Atypical HUS is a severe disease with up... | medmcqa |
The behaviour therapeutic falls in management of enuresis, The pharmacological drug of choice for this case is – | [
"Phenytoin",
"Diazepalm",
"Imipramine",
"AlPrax"
] | C | Imipramine | Desmopressin is best answer.
But it is not given in options.
Amongst the given options only imipramine is used in enuresis. | medmcqa |
Earliest symptom of glomus tumor is: | [
"Pulsatile tinnitus",
"Deafness",
"Headache",
"Veigo"
] | A | Pulsatile tinnitus | Ans. A Pulsatile tinnitus "The two most common presenting symptoms of paraganglioma of temporal bone (Glomus tumor) are conductive hearing losso and pulsatile tinnnus" Hearing loss is conductive and slowly progressive Tinnitus is pulsatile and of swishing character", synchronous with pulse", and can be temporarily stop... | medmcqa |
Dorsal root ganglion contains - | [
"Dendrides of motor neuron",
"Dendrides of sensory neuron",
"Body of motor neuron",
"Body of sensory neuron"
] | D | Body of sensory neuron | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Body of sensory neuron o The various sensations from the sensory receptors are carried to the spinal cord through the spinal nerves. As thespinal nerve approaches the spinal cord, it divides into the dorsal (sensory) roots and ventral (motor roots). Ganglion for dorsal root (Le. dorsal root ganglion -... | medmcqa |
All of the following bones are pneumatic, except: | [
"Maxillary",
"Parietal",
"Frontal",
"Ethmoidal"
] | B | Parietal | Pneumatic bones are those bones which contain an air filled cavity within them.
In humans, they are seen in relation to the the nasal cavity – they enclose the paranasal sinuses.
Pneumatic bones are – maxilla, frontal bone, sphenoid and ethmoid. | medmcqa |
Battle's sign is associated with: | [
"Orbital cellulitis",
"Head injury",
"Conjunctivitis",
"Liver failure"
] | B | Head injury | Extravasation of blood results in ecchymosis behind the ear, known as Battle's sign. A fracture of the anterior skull base can result in anosmia (loss of smell from damage to the olfactory nerve), CSF drainage from the nose (rhinorrhea), or periorbital ecchymoses, known as raccoon eyes. Ref: Schwaz's principle of surge... | medmcqa |
Line I in International Death Certificate is | [
"Disease leading directly to death",
"Interval between onset and death",
"Antecedent causes",
"Other conditions not related to disease"
] | A | Disease leading directly to death | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Disease leading directly to death International Death Cetificate* The certificate has two parts (Part I and Part II) and a section to record the time interval between the onset of each codition and the date of death.* Part I - To record diseases or conditions related to the sequence of events leading ... | medmcqa |
Which of the following is a feature of pernicious anaemia | [
"Glossitis",
"Tingling or numbness of extremities",
"Nervous system involvement in 75 % cases",
"All of the above"
] | D | All of the above | In pernicious anaemia
Triad
Generalised weakness
Sore and painful tongue
Tingling or numbness of extremities
Nervous system involvement is present in 75% of cases
Degeneration of myelin sheath & peripheral nerves | medmcqa |
Type of Growth Chas used by Anganwadi workers (ICDS) for growth monitoring | [
"NCHS",
"IAP",
"MRGS",
"CDC"
] | C | MRGS | ICDS GROWTH CHA: In NRHM and ICDS, Government of India has adopted WHO child Growth standards 2006 (also known as MGRS &;Multicenter Growth Reference study&; Standards) Normal zone Below -2SD: Malnutrition Below -3SD: Severe Malnutrition Ref: Park 25th edition PGno: 580-581 | medmcqa |
Which of the following is the most important mediator implicated in development of fever: | [
"PGF2",
"PGE2",
"PGD2",
"FGA2"
] | B | PGE2 | PGF2α is a vasoconstrictor whereas PGD2 and PGE2 are vasodilators.
PGE2 is the most important chemical for development of fever. | medmcqa |
A male child of 15 years with a mental age of 9 years has an IQ of: | [
"50",
"60",
"70",
"80"
] | B | 60 | IQ = Mental age x 100/Chronological age =So, in this case, IQ = 9 x 100/15 = 60 Degree IQ level Mild 51-70 Moderate 36-50 Severe 21-35 Profound 0-20 | medmcqa |
Elastin fiber system present in the lamina propria consists all of these EXCEPT | [
"Oxytalan",
"Elastin",
"Elaunin",
"Collagen"
] | D | Collagen | null | medmcqa |
Purely serous gland among the following: | [
"Parotid gland",
"Submandibular gland.",
"Sublingual gland.",
"None"
] | A | Parotid gland | null | medmcqa |
Most common presentation of Renal Tuberculosis is: | [
"Renal colic",
"Sterile Pyuria",
"Intractable urgency",
"Painful micturition"
] | B | Sterile Pyuria | Answer is B (Sterile Pyuria): The most common clinical presentation of Urological Tuberculosis is Sterile Pyuria. 'The most common clinical presentation of urological tuberculosis is sterile pyuria and painless hematuria - Textbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine `Renal Tuberculosis is probably underdiagnosed b... | medmcqa |
Which one is not poor prognostic factor for acute pancreatitis: | [
"Hyperglycemia",
"Hypocalcemia",
"Raised LDH level in blood",
"Hyperamylasemia"
] | D | Hyperamylasemia | Answer is D (Hyperamylasemia) Serum amylase levels do not form any criteria for prognosis in acute pancreatitis. Hyperglycemia, Hypocalcemia and raised LDH levels are poor prognostic factors according to Ranson's criteria. | medmcqa |
Cataract is seen in all except | [
"Rheumatoid ahritis",
"Glucocoicoid admistration",
"Galactosemia",
"Hypoparathyroidism"
] | A | Rheumatoid ahritis | Rheumatoid ahritis causes thinning and melting of the peripheral cornea and sclerosing keratitis called scleromalcia perforans Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 198 | medmcqa |
In Bater's Syndrome, which of the following is not seen- | [
"Metabolic Alkalosis",
"Hypokalemia",
"Hypomagnesemia",
"Decrease in urinary calcium"
] | D | Decrease in urinary calcium | Bater's syndrome - There is loss of transpo function of Thick ascending loop of henle(TALH) Segment of nephron which results in hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis classic BS- typically suffer from polyuria and polydypsia due to reduction in renal concentrating ability . Increase in urinary calcium excretion 20% are hypoma... | medmcqa |
Baby born at 30 weeks for 18-year-old prior gravida of weight 2 kg which died after 48 hours. Apgar scores were 5 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes. On autopsy bilateral enlarged kidney with multiple radially arranged cysts. Which of the following finding is expected to be associated with? | [
"Imperforate anus",
"Hepatic cyst and fibrosis",
"Absence of ureter",
"Holoprosencephaly"
] | B | Hepatic cyst and fibrosis | The clinical findings suggest autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
The diagnosis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is strongly suggested by bilateral palpable flank masses in an infant with pulmonary hypoplasia, oligohydramnios and hypertension and the absence of renal cysts in the parents.
On ... | medmcqa |
Which statement best describes the tears seen in Mallory-Weiss syndrome? | [
"Longtitudinal tears in lower 1/3 esophagus",
"Circumferential tears in lower 1/3 esophagus",
"Longtitudinal tears in middle 1/3 esophagus",
"Circumferential tears in middle 1/3 esophagus"
] | A | Longtitudinal tears in lower 1/3 esophagus | Ans- A. Mallory-Weiss Tear- A Mallory-Weiss tear is a linear mucosal rent near or across the gastroesophageal junction that is often associated with retching or vomiting. | medmcqa |
A 30 year biker sustained an compound fracture of the leg following RTA. The doctor has labeled it Gustilo Anderson type IIIB. Which of the following would represent the injury: | [
"Fracture with open wound less than 1 cm",
"Fracture with open wound of 1-10 cm but soft tissue cover possible",
"Open wound more than 10 cm and soft tissue coverage not possible.",
"Open wound more than 10 cm with arterial injury"
] | C | Open wound more than 10 cm and soft tissue coverage not possible. | Ans. C. Open wound more than 10 cm and soft tissue coverage not possible.Gustilo Anderson ClassificationType IWound <=1cm, minimal contamination or muscle damageType IIWound 1-10cm, moderate soft tissue injuryType IIIAwound usually >10cm, high energy, extensive soft-tissue damage, contaminatedadequate tissue for flap c... | medmcqa |
A vitreous aspirate from a case of metastatic endophthalmitis on culture yields Gram-positive round to oval cells, 12-14 m in size. The aspirate on Gram staining shows the presence of pseudohyphae. Which of the following is the most likely aetiological agent | [
"Aspergillus",
"Rhizopus",
"Candida",
"Fusarium"
] | C | Candida | Candida is a yeast-like fungus, grows paially as yeast and paially as chains of an elongated budding cell joined end to end forming pseudohyphae. on gram staining candida shows budding gram-positive yeast cells. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology, Ananthanarayan and Paniker; 9th edition | medmcqa |
"Satellidsm" in presence of streak of staphylococci is shown by | [
"Bordetella pertussis",
"Yersinia pestis",
"Haemophilus influenzae",
"Helicobacter pylori"
] | C | Haemophilus influenzae | Ans. c (Haemophilius influenzae) (Ref. Ananthanarayan Microbiology 7th ed., Fig. 36.2, p. 334)H. influenzae# Gram negative, nonmotile, non-sporing bacillus exhibiting considerable pleomorphism.# In sputum usually occurs as clusters of coccobacillary forms, while in the CSF from meningitis cases long, bacillary and fila... | medmcqa |
Most common symptom of alcohol withdrawal is: | [
"Bodyache",
"Tremor",
"Diarrhoea",
"Rhinorrheo"
] | B | Tremor | B ie. Tremor | medmcqa |
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is due to - | [
"Enterotoxigenic E. coli",
"Enterohemorhagic E. coli",
"Shigella",
"Salmonella"
] | B | Enterohemorhagic E. coli | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Enterohemorhagic | medmcqa |
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