| # OracleProto:预测评估集 |
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| **英文文档:** [[`English doc`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/MaYiding/OracleProto/blob/main/README.md)] |
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| **GitHub 仓库:** [[`MaYiding/OracleProto`](https://github.com/MaYiding/OracleProto)] |
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| **查看排行榜网站:** [[`网站链接`](https://oracleproto.pages.dev)] |
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| **查看我们的论文:** [[arXiv](http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03762)] |
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| 一份以 SQLite 打包的评估集,共 80 道经人工精校、围绕现实事件的预测题,resolution date 介于 2026-03-12 与 2026-04-14 之间;与 [GitHub 仓库](https://github.com/MaYiding/OracleProto) 同步发布。题目行与字节稳定的提示重建配方共存于单个 `forecast_eval_set_example.db` 文件,其中两张表分别是 `forecast_eval_set_example`(80 行题目)与 `dataset_metadata`(配方)。 |
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| --- |
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| ## 1. 数据集概览 |
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| | 字段 | 取值 | |
| | --------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| | 发布日期 | `2026-04-29` | |
| | 行数 | 80 | |
| | Splits | `train` (80);单一 split,定位为留出评估集 | |
| | Resolution-date 范围 | `2026-03-12` → `2026-04-14` | |
| | 题目类型 | `yes_no`、`binary_named`、`multiple_choice` | |
| | Choice 类型 | `single`(恰一个正确字母)、`multi`(一个或多个正确字母) | |
| | 数据库文件 | `forecast_eval_set_example.db`(SQLite 3,约 52 KB) | |
| | 文件中的表 | `forecast_eval_set_example`(80 行)、`dataset_metadata`(1 行) | |
| | 协议 | MIT | |
| | 上游来源 | HuggingFace 预测题集(levels 1+2),原始 322 → 精校 80 | |
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| ### 类型分布 |
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| | `question_type` | `choice_type` | 行数 | |
| | ------------------- | ------------- | ------ | |
| | `yes_no` | `single` | 37 | |
| | `binary_named` | `single` | 3 | |
| | `multiple_choice` | `single` | 32 | |
| | `multiple_choice` | `multi` | 8 | |
| | **合计** | | **80** | |
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| `yes_no` 是二元 Yes/No 题;`binary_named` 在两个命名实体之间二选一,例如两支球队、两名参赛者或两方对阵;`multiple_choice` 至少含三个带字母标签的选项,其中一个或多个为正确答案;选项列表中出现 `None of the above` 时它同样是合法答案。每行存储完整的选项标签字面值;字母 `A` 映射到 `options[0]`,`B` 映射到 `options[1]`,依此类推(§3.4 涵盖 `Z` 之后的标签情形)。 |
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| --- |
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| ## 2. 文件 |
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|
| ```text |
| OracleProto/ |
| ├── forecast_eval_set_example.db # SQLite 数据库文件(数据集本体;约 52 KB) |
| ├── forecast_eval_set_example.csv # 行表的 CSV 导出;80 行 + 表头(约 18 KB) |
| ├── README.md # 本文件 |
| ├── LICENSE # MIT |
| └── .gitattributes # HF 标准二进制属性 |
| ``` |
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| 数据集以单个 SQLite 文件(而非 Parquet 或 JSONL)发布,因为提示重建配方与逐行 provenance 与题目行共存于同一个文件(位于 `dataset_metadata.features_json`)。把行转换为 `datasets.Dataset` 的 loader 见 §6.3。 |
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| CSV 是 `forecast_eval_set_example` 行表的导出,不含 `dataset_metadata`,因此提示模板仅能从 SQLite 文件中获取。当下游流水线只需这 80 行(用于 pandas、电子表格或 `grep` 过滤)并自行重建提示时,使用 CSV。`options` 列保留为 JSON 编码的数组字符串,按 RFC 4180 转义。 |
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| --- |
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| ## 3. 数据库 schema |
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| 两张表:`forecast_eval_set_example` 存有 80 行题目;`dataset_metadata` 存有规范配方。文件名取自主表。 |
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| ### 3.1 表 `forecast_eval_set_example`(题目行) |
| |
| ```sql |
| CREATE TABLE forecast_eval_set_example ( |
| id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, |
| choice_type TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (choice_type IN ('single','multi')), |
| question_type TEXT NOT NULL, -- yes_no | binary_named | multiple_choice |
| event TEXT NOT NULL, -- 待预测事件 |
| options TEXT NOT NULL, -- 选项标签的 JSON 数组 |
| answer TEXT NOT NULL, -- 规范化的正确答案,编码为字母 |
| end_time TEXT NOT NULL -- 'YYYY-MM-DD' |
| ); |
| |
| CREATE INDEX idx_forecast_eval_set_example_choice_type ON forecast_eval_set_example(choice_type); |
| CREATE INDEX idx_forecast_eval_set_example_question_type ON forecast_eval_set_example(question_type); |
| CREATE INDEX idx_forecast_eval_set_example_end_time ON forecast_eval_set_example(end_time); |
| ``` |
| |
| ### 3.2 表 `dataset_metadata`(配方) |
| |
| 单行表,其 `features_json` blob 中存有提示模板、四种 output_format、outcomes-block 规则、agent role 字符串,以及 curation provenance。完整配方在 §5 中展开。 |
| |
| ```sql |
| CREATE TABLE dataset_metadata ( |
| dataset_name TEXT NOT NULL, |
| split_name TEXT NOT NULL, |
| table_name TEXT NOT NULL, |
| row_count INTEGER NOT NULL, |
| imported_at_utc TEXT NOT NULL, |
| features_json TEXT NOT NULL |
| ); |
| ``` |
| |
| ### 3.3 列语义 |
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| | 列 | 类型 | 描述 | |
| | --------------- | ------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| | `id` | TEXT | 来自上游 HuggingFace 预测题集的稳定 source-side question ID;主连接键。 | |
| | `choice_type` | TEXT | 当且仅当一个字母正确时为 `'single'`,可为一个或多个字母时为 `'multi'`。由 `answer` 中的字母个数推导。在 §5.4 中决定使用单选还是多选模板。 | |
| | `question_type` | TEXT | 取 `yes_no`、`binary_named`、`multiple_choice` 之一。决定渲染哪一种提示模板(§5)。 | |
| | `event` | TEXT | 待预测事件的自然语言描述;作者已编辑过,使时间锚定、单位与二元框架均明确。 | |
| | `options` | TEXT | 选项标签的 JSON 数组。`yes_no` 固定为 `["Yes","No"]`。`binary_named` 是两个命名实体。`multiple_choice` 是选项标签的列表,字母由下标隐式确定(`A=options[0]`, `B=options[1]`, …)。 | |
| | `answer` | TEXT | 规范化的正确答案,编码为字母。`yes_no` 与 `binary_named` 为 `'A'` 或 `'B'`。`multiple_choice` 为按选项顺序排列、以逗号分隔的字母列表,例如 `'A'` 或 `'A, B'`。 | |
| | `end_time` | TEXT | resolution date,格式 `YYYY-MM-DD`。该列只存日历日期;GMT+8 的时区读法由提示模板(§5.2)在渲染时附上。如需更细粒度的 admissibility,可把每条 resolution 视为覆盖整个日历日。 | |
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| ### 3.4 字母到下标的编码 |
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| 字母按 `index = ord(letter) - ord('A')` 映射到选项下标。超过 `Z` 之后(即 ≥27 个选项),标签沿以 `A` 起始的连续 ASCII 区间继续延伸:`[`、`\`、`]`、`^`、`_`、`` ` ``、`a`、`b`、…。参考 renderer 会用反引号包裹任何非 `A`–`Z` 标签,使其在 markdown 渲染下保持可读。80 行中没有超过 26 个选项的题;之所以仍写入文档,是因为 framework 的 parser 支持该编码。 |
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| --- |
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| ## 4. 行示例 |
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| ```json |
| { |
| "id": "699d9ffc098cca008728b6f0", |
| "choice_type": "single", |
| "question_type": "yes_no", |
| "event": "Will the US PCE annual inflation be greater than 2.9% in January 2026?", |
| "options": ["Yes", "No"], |
| "answer": "B", |
| "end_time": "2026-03-13" |
| } |
| ``` |
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| ```json |
| { |
| "id": "69a2e39e5692ef005cdbf2d3", |
| "choice_type": "single", |
| "question_type": "binary_named", |
| "event": "Will US or Israel strike Iran first?", |
| "options": ["US", "Israel"], |
| "answer": "B", |
| "end_time": "2026-03-31" |
| } |
| ``` |
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|
| ```json |
| { |
| "id": "6995b1073ea64b005b11f285", |
| "choice_type": "single", |
| "question_type": "multiple_choice", |
| "event": "Which men's basketball team will win the Big 12 Conference Championship tournament in the 2025-26 season?", |
| "options": ["Arizona", "Baylor", "Brigham Young University (BYU)", |
| "Houston", "Iowa State", "Kansas", "Kansas State"], |
| "answer": "A", |
| "end_time": "2026-03-14" |
| } |
| ``` |
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| ```json |
| { |
| "id": "698f198bda7a8b006575444c", |
| "choice_type": "multi", |
| "question_type": "multiple_choice", |
| "event": "Which movies will win multiple Oscars? (2026)", |
| "options": ["One Battle After Another", "Sinners", "Frankenstein", |
| "KPop Demon Hunters", "F1", "Sentimental Value", "Hamnet", |
| "Marty Supreme", "The Secret Agent", "Avatar: Fire and Ash", |
| "Train Dreams", "Bugonia", "Blue Moon", "It Was Just An Accident"], |
| "answer": "A, B, C, D", |
| "end_time": "2026-03-15" |
| } |
| ``` |
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| --- |
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| ## 5. 提示重建(规范配方) |
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| 每一行通过 `dataset_metadata.features_json.prompt_reconstruction` 中的配方渲染为一条 user message。该配方字节稳定,是 OracleProto 评估器的事实来源;自行重建提示的下游用户应严格遵循,以保证结果可比。 |
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| ### 5.1 静态片段 |
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| ```text |
| agent_role: "You are an agent that can predict future events." |
| |
| guidance: "Do not use any other format. Do not refuse to make a prediction. |
| Do not say \"I cannot predict the future.\" You must make a clear |
| prediction based on the best data currently available, using the |
| box format specified above." |
| ``` |
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| ### 5.2 主模板 |
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|
| ```text |
| {agent_role} The event to be predicted: "{event} (resolved around {end_time} (GMT+8)).{outcomes_block}" |
| |
| IMPORTANT: Your final answer MUST end with this exact format: |
| {output_format} |
| {guidance} |
| ``` |
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| 用户可见字符串中字面的 `(GMT+8)` 在渲染时给 resolution date 附上时区读法。 |
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| ### 5.3 `outcomes_block` |
| |
| `yes_no` 与 `binary_named`:为空,因为选项标签已嵌入 `output_format`。 |
| `multiple_choice`:以一个换行符开头,随后每行一个选项,形式为 `A. <label>`,例如 `\nA. Arizona\nB. Baylor\nC. Brigham Young University (BYU)\n…`。若派生字母落在 `A`–`Z` 之外,则用反引号包裹该标签。 |
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| ### 5.4 `output_format`(四选一,由 `question_type` × `choice_type` 决定) |
| |
| **`yes_no`:** |
| ```text |
| Your task is to predict whether the event will occur based on your analysis. |
| Your prediction will be scored based on its accuracy. You will only receive points if your answer is correct. |
| Your final answer MUST end with this exact format: |
| \boxed{Yes} or \boxed{No} |
| ``` |
| |
| **`binary_named`**(字面 `<options[0]>` 与 `<options[1]>` 替换为 `options` 中的两个命名实体): |
| ```text |
| Your task is to predict which of the two outcomes will occur based on your analysis. |
| Your prediction will be scored based on its accuracy. You will only receive points if your answer is correct. |
| Your final answer MUST end with this exact format: |
| \boxed{<options[0]>} or \boxed{<options[1]>} |
| ``` |
| |
| **`multiple_choice` 且 `choice_type='single'`:** |
| ```text |
| This is a SINGLE-ANSWER question: exactly ONE of the listed options is correct. |
| Your prediction will be scored on strict equality with the unique correct letter; choosing the wrong letter, or selecting more than one letter, scores zero. |
| Your final answer MUST end with this exact format: |
| the single correct letter inside the box, e.g. \boxed{A}. |
| Do NOT list more than one letter, even if you believe two outcomes are tied — pick the one you find most likely. |
| ``` |
| |
| **`multiple_choice` 且 `choice_type='multi'`:** |
| ```text |
| This is a MULTI-SELECT question: ONE OR MORE of the listed options can be correct. |
| Your prediction will be scored on strict equality with the FULL set of correct letters: any extra letter, any missing letter, or any wrong letter scores zero. You must include ALL correct options and NO incorrect options. |
| Your final answer MUST end with this exact format: |
| listing all correct option(s) you have identified, separated by commas, within the box. |
| For example: \boxed{A} for a single correct option, or \boxed{B, C} for multiple correct options. |
| ``` |
| |
| ### 5.5 答案解析 |
| |
| 参考 parser([`forecast_eval/parser.py::parse_answer`](https://github.com/MaYiding/OracleProto/blob/main/forecast_eval/parser.py))应用如下规则: |
| |
| 1. 取模型回复中**最后一个** `\boxed{...}` 子串;其余视为 reasoning 或 scratchpad,忽略。 |
| 2. `yes_no`(不区分大小写):`Yes` → `A`,`No` → `B`。其余记为 unparsed。 |
| 3. `binary_named`(不区分大小写):将盒内 payload 与 `options[0]` 或 `options[1]` 匹配。其余记为 unparsed。 |
| 4. `multiple_choice`:按逗号与空白切分盒内 payload,校验每个 token 都是单字母,且每个字母都解析到合法的选项下标。越界字母或多字符 token 记为 unparsed。 |
| 5. 与从 `answer` 解析出的规范字母集合做严格集合相等评分。缺失或 unparsed 的盒内答案记为 `parse_ok = 0`,不视为 parser 错误;记录该状态后运行继续,不会中断。 |
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| 复用 framework 的 parser 是跨实现获得 bit-identical 分数的最简单做法。 |
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| --- |
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| ## 6. 加载数据集 |
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| ### 6.1 使用原生 `sqlite3`(无额外依赖) |
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| ```python |
| import sqlite3 |
| import json |
| |
| conn = sqlite3.connect("forecast_eval_set_example.db") |
| conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row |
| |
| # 读取题目行。 |
| rows = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM forecast_eval_set_example").fetchall() |
| print(f"loaded {len(rows)} rows") |
| sample = dict(rows[0]) |
| sample["options"] = json.loads(sample["options"]) # JSON 解码选项列表 |
| print(sample) |
| |
| # 读取规范化的提示重建配方。 |
| meta_row = conn.execute("SELECT features_json FROM dataset_metadata").fetchone() |
| meta = json.loads(meta_row["features_json"]) |
| prompt_template = meta["prompt_reconstruction"]["prompt_template"] |
| print(prompt_template) |
| ``` |
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| ### 6.2 使用 `huggingface_hub` |
| |
| ```python |
| from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download |
| import sqlite3, json |
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|
| db_path = hf_hub_download( |
| repo_id="MaYiding/OracleProto", |
| filename="forecast_eval_set_example.db", |
| repo_type="dataset", |
| ) |
| conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path) |
| rows = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM forecast_eval_set_example").fetchall() |
| ``` |
| |
| ### 6.3 转换为 `datasets.Dataset` |
|
|
| ```python |
| import sqlite3, json |
| from datasets import Dataset |
| |
| conn = sqlite3.connect("forecast_eval_set_example.db") |
| cur = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM forecast_eval_set_example") |
| cols = [c[0] for c in cur.description] |
| |
| def _row(r): |
| d = dict(zip(cols, r)) |
| d["options"] = json.loads(d["options"]) # list[str] |
| d["answer_letters"] = [ |
| s.strip() for s in d["answer"].split(",") if s.strip() |
| ] # list[str] |
| return d |
| |
| ds = Dataset.from_list([_row(r) for r in cur.fetchall()]) |
| print(ds) |
| print(ds[0]) |
| ``` |
|
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| ### 6.4 渲染提示(最小实现,遵从规范配方) |
|
|
| ```python |
| def render_prompt(row, meta): |
| rcp = meta["prompt_reconstruction"] |
| options = row["options"] |
| qt, ct = row["question_type"], row["choice_type"] |
| |
| if qt == "yes_no": |
| outcomes_block = "" |
| out_fmt = rcp["yes_no_output_format"] |
| elif qt == "binary_named": |
| outcomes_block = "" |
| out_fmt = ( |
| rcp["binary_named_output_format"] |
| .replace("<options[0]>", options[0]) |
| .replace("<options[1]>", options[1]) |
| ) |
| elif qt == "multiple_choice": |
| outcomes_block = "\n" + "\n".join( |
| f"{chr(ord('A') + i)}. {label}" for i, label in enumerate(options) |
| ) |
| key = ( |
| "multiple_choice_single_output_format" if ct == "single" |
| else "multiple_choice_multi_output_format" |
| ) |
| out_fmt = rcp[key] |
| else: |
| raise ValueError(qt) |
| |
| return rcp["prompt_template"].format( |
| agent_role=rcp["agent_role"], |
| event=row["event"], |
| end_time=row["end_time"], |
| outcomes_block=outcomes_block, |
| output_format=out_fmt, |
| guidance=rcp["guidance"], |
| ) |
| ``` |
|
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| 完整参考 renderer(含 >26 选项的反引号规则与可选的 reflection / belief-elicitation 尾部)位于 [`forecast_eval/prompts.py`](https://github.com/MaYiding/OracleProto/blob/main/forecast_eval/prompts.py);复用它即可获得 byte-identical 提示。 |
|
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| ### 6.5 使用预生成的 CSV(标准库 `csv`,不含提示模板) |
|
|
| ```python |
| import csv, json |
| |
| with open("forecast_eval_set_example.csv", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as f: |
| rows = [ |
| {**r, "options": json.loads(r["options"])} |
| for r in csv.DictReader(f) |
| ] |
| print(f"loaded {len(rows)} rows; first event: {rows[0]['event']!r}") |
| ``` |
|
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| CSV 路径完全绕过 `dataset_metadata`。要把行与提示模板配对,要么按 §5 手工渲染,要么切换回 §6.1 的 SQLite 路径。 |
|
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| --- |
|
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| ## 7. 推荐评估协议 |
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| 将本数据集与 OracleProto 评估 harness 配套使用,后者在朴素的「提示+评分」循环之上叠加信息边界纪律。五条具体建议: |
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| 1. **为每个模型声明 knowledge cutoff $\kappa_M$。** 题目 $i$ 对模型 $M$ 而言 admissible 的条件是 $\kappa_M \le \chi_i < \tau_i$,其中 $\chi_i$ 是题目的 prediction cutoff,$\tau_i$ 是其 resolution date。Inadmissible 题目在上游过滤,不计入模型错误。未声明 cutoff 的模型无法与已声明的模型公平比较。 |
| |
| 2. **对任何 retrieval 或 browsing 工具做时间掩蔽。** 当 harness 允许模型发起 web 搜索时,将搜索侧 `end_date` 锁定到 $\chi_i + \delta$ 并采用保守的 offset;OracleProto 默认 $\delta = -1$ 天。该屏障 (L2) 背后的机制记录在 framework 的 DESIGN 与 FRAME 文档中。 |
| |
| 3. **运行独立的 retrieval-content 审计员。** 每条召回片段交由独立 LLM 审计员判断是否泄露 resolution。这是 framework 威胁模型中的 L3 屏障。 |
| |
| 4. **禁用 provider-native browsing。** OracleProto 在三层上拒收以 `:online` 等 hosted-browsing 变体结尾的 model slug:config 校验、on-the-wire client 与 detector client。这是 L4 屏障,也是任何一次计费 LLM 调用离开进程前必须通过的最终检查。 |
| |
| 5. **以字母集合上的严格集合相等评分**,参 §5.5。当模型按 framework 的 belief-elicitation 协议额外输出 `<belief>{ ... }</belief>` JSON 块时,可选启用概率 calibration 指标(Brier、NLL、ECE、Murphy 分解);schema 见 [`forecast_eval/prompts.py::BELIEF_PROTOCOL`](https://github.com/MaYiding/OracleProto/blob/main/forecast_eval/prompts.py)。 |
| |
| 未启用 OracleProto harness 时,应将所得数字视为预测能力的上界:任何能浏览开放 web、或训练截止越过题目 `end_time` 的模型都可能记忆了答案。数据集使得 admissibility 检查成为可能,但它本身并不强制执行。 |
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| --- |
|
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| ## 8. Provenance 与 curation |
|
|
| * **来源。** 上游 HuggingFace 预测题集,限制在 *levels 1+2*(上游难度带中较容易的两档)。从原始集合采集到 322 道候选题。 |
| * **Curation 流水线(5 pass)。** |
| 1. Source-side 坏行剔除与列扁平化。 |
| 2. `end_time` / 答案编码 / 选项标签规范化:`end_time` 归一为 `YYYY-MM-DD` 日历日期;`Yes/No` 映射为 `A/B`;选项标签去除残余 markdown。 |
| 3. 322 → 200 → 100 → 80 的下采样,并伴有 placeholder 移除、去重与歧义审计。 |
| 4. 终轮 HIGH+MEDIUM 歧义修复:重写 4 行,使时间锚定、单位与二元框架均明确。 |
| 5. 对一道 S&P 500 multi-select 真值集做 CRITICAL 修复,使其满足选项阶梯隐含的单调阈值逻辑。 |
| * **验证。** 全部 80 条 ground truth 通过 parser 往返做端到端验证(rendered prompt 经 parse 后再编码回规范字母集合)。最终计数:剩余 0 critical / 0 high / 0 medium 歧义问题。 |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## 9. 用途与局限 |
|
|
| ### 9.1 适用场景 |
|
|
| * **LLM 与 LLM 智能体的预测基准**,特别是结合参数化知识与时间掩蔽 web retrieval 的工具型智能体。 |
| * **预测 harness 的复现性试验台。** `dataset_metadata` 表使每条提示字节稳定;与 OracleProto framework 配套使用时,可得到一个运行单元,其评分工件在配置匹配时 bit-identical。 |
| * **校准与 proper-scoring 研究。** 80 行规模足够小,使逐题分析(信念演化、来源归因、calibration 图)仍在可处理范围内。 |
|
|
| ### 9.2 不适用场景 |
|
|
| * **长时程预测。** 所有 resolution 落在一个月窗口(2026-03-12 → 2026-04-14);该集合不代表跨季度或跨年度预测。 |
| * **开放生成。** 每题都有封闭答案集,因此并非生成基准。 |
| |
| --- |
|
|
| ## 10. License |
|
|
| 按 **MIT License** 发布(见 `LICENSE`)。上游题目源自公开 HuggingFace 预测集;本版本中的 curation 工作、schema、提示重建配方与答案编码均为本项目的贡献。 |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## 11. 联系与合作 |
|
|
| 如有代码使用、数据集构建、复现问题等,欢迎直接联系项目开发者: |
| - **马一丁**:[yidingma@bupt.edu.cn](mailto:yidingma@bupt.edu.cn) |
| - **阮承沄**:[ruanchengyun815@bupt.edu.cn](mailto:ruanchengyun815@bupt.edu.cn) |
|
|
| 如需联合研究、数据与评测基准共建、论文合作等,请联系课题负责人: |
| - **黄凯博**(通讯作者):[huangkaibo@bupt.edu.cn](mailto:huangkaibo@bupt.edu.cn) |
| - **杨忠良**(通讯作者):[yangzl@bupt.edu.cn](mailto:yangzl@bupt.edu.cn) |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## 12. 论文 |
|
|
| 查看我们的论文:[arXiv](http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03762) |
|
|
| --- |
| ## 13. 引用 |
|
|
| 如果您在研究中使用了本项目,请引用我们的论文: |
|
|
| ``` |
| @article{OracleProto, |
| title={OracleProto: A Reproducible Framework for Benchmarking LLM Native Forecasting via Knowledge Cutoff and Temporal Masking}, |
| author={Yiding Ma, Chengyun Ruan, Kaibo Huang, Zhongliang Yang, Linna Zhou}, |
| journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.03762}, |
| year={2026} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| --- |