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Robert Cecil Hayes (19 January 1900–3 September 1977) was a New Zealand astronomer, seismologist and organist. He was born in Wellington, New Zealand on 19 January 1900. Hayes did not have any formal qualifications, however he began work at the Dominion Observatory, Wellington (then named the Hector Observatory) in 192...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34605676
Robert Cecil Hayes
Robert Cecil Hayes In 1975, in recognition of his contributions, he was awarded the Hector Medal. Hayes was born in Wellington on 19 January 1900, to Robert Edward Hayes and Ellen Thomas. He was educated in Wellington before attending Christ's College in Christchurch from 1914 to 1918. Hayes married Margaret Wyn Beere ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34605676
Robert Cecil Hayes
Trevor Hatherton (30 September 1924 – 2 May 1992) was a New Zealand geophysicist, scientific administrator and Antarctic scientist. He was born in Sharlston, Yorkshire, England, on 30 September 1924. In the 1958 Queen's Birthday Honours, Hatherton was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34605878
Trevor Hatherton
George Hogben (14 July 1853 – 26 April 1920) was a New Zealand educationalist and seismologist. He was born in Islington, Middlesex, England on 14 July 1853, and died after a short illness at home in Khandallah, Wellington . He was Inspector-General of Schools in New Zealand and was appointed CMG in the 1915 New Year H...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34608703
George Hogben
Amy Hodgson Eliza ( Campbell, 10 October 1888 – 7 January 1983) was a New Zealand botanist who specialised in liverworts. Hodgson was born in Havelock North and attended Pukahu Primary School and Napier Girls' High School. She went by her middle name Amy. Hodgson was self-educated in botany as her father refused to all...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34608709
Amy Hodgson
Felipe Mendez was born around 1897 in San Juan, Argentina and participated as a paleontological collector at the "2nd Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition" in 1926. Participants of this international team were Elmer S. Riggs (Leader and Photographer), Robert C. Thorne (Collector) and Rudolf Stahlecker (Col...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34611949
Felipe Mendez
Robert C. Thorne Robert Coin Thorne (25 November 1898 – 27 May 1960) was an American paleontologist. Thorne was born in Ashley, Utah. He participated at the "2nd Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition" in 1926. Other participants were Elmer S. Riggs (Leader and Photographer), Rudolf Stahlecker (Collector) an...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34612110
Robert C. Thorne
Leslie Grange Leslie Issott Grange (4 March 1894 – 6 October 1980) was a New Zealand geologist, soil scientist and scientific administrator. He was foundation director of the Soil Bureau. In the 1958 Queen's Birthday Honours, Grange was appointed a Companion of the Imperial Service Order.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34614534
Leslie Grange
Udzha is an impact crater on Mars, that measures 45 kilometer in diameter, but has been almost entirely covered by layers of ice and dust. Only the highest part of the crater rim rises above the polar deposits and hint at its circular form. Crater is located at 81.8 degrees north latitude, 77.2 degrees east longitude o...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34614856
Udzha
Norman Elder (botanist) Norman Lascelles Elder (born Wellington, New Zealand 6 April 1896 - died 10 August 1974) was a New Zealand electrical engineer, teacher, and botanist.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34620473
Norman Elder (botanist)
Thomas Hill Easterfield Sir (4 March 1866 – 1 March 1949) was a New Zealand chemist and university professor. He was born in Doncaster, Yorkshire, England on 4 March 1866. Easterfield was one of the four founding professors of the Victoria University, Wellington. In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34620703
Thomas Hill Easterfield
Herbert Boucher Dobbie (13 February 1852–8 August 1940) was a New Zealand engineering draughtsman, botanist, stationmaster, orchardist and writer. Dobbie was born in Hayes, Middlesex, England, on 13 February 1852. He died in Auckland, New Zealand on 8 August 1940. Five versions of the first edition of New Zealand ferns...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34622346
Herbert Boucher Dobbie
Herbert Boucher Dobbie There are very few fern specimens collected or identified by Dobbie in New Zealand's herbarium collections. Dobbie's books, and particularly their images, are therefore the principal means of authenticating the identifications and names that he, as the New Zealand expert of that period, used for ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34622346
Herbert Boucher Dobbie
Jupiter LXXII Jupiter LXXII, originally known as , is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Scott Sheppard in 2011. It belongs to the Carme group. This moon was lost after its discovery in 2011. Its recovery was announced on 17 September 2018.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34627824
Jupiter LXXII
Jupiter LVI Jupiter LVI, provisionally known as , is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Scott Sheppard in 2011. Images of the newly discovered moon were captured using the Magellan-Baade telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. It is an irregular moon with a retrograde orbit. The discovery ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34627844
Jupiter LVI
Shams al-Din al-Khafri Shams al-Din Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Khafri al-Kashi (died 1550), known as Khafri, was a Persian religious scholar and astronomer at the beginning of the Safavid dynasty, during a period of mass conversion to Shia Islam. He wrote on philosophy, religion, and astronomy, the latter including a comment...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34629603
Shams al-Din al-Khafri
Kelvin–Planck statement The (or the Heat Engine Statement) of the second law of thermodynamics states that "it is impossible to devise a cyclically operating heat engine, the effect of which is to absorb energy in the form of heat from a single thermal reservoir and to deliver an equivalent amount of work". This implie...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34632669
Kelvin–Planck statement
Ruina montium (Latin, "wrecking of mountains") was an ancient Roman mining technique that draws on the principle of Pascal's barrel. Miners would excavate narrow cavities down into a mountain, whereby filling the cavities with water would cause pressures large enough to fragment thick rock walls. It was described by Pl...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34633252
Ruina montium
FasterCures is a Washington, D.C.–based think tank that focuses on accelerating medical research. This healthcare-related non profit is the Milken Institute's Center for Accelerating Medical Solutions. describes itself as an "action tank" that works on many diverse projects in collaboration with industry, academia, non...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34634187
FasterCures
FasterCures It works with patient advocates, investors, policymakers, researchers, and any other leaders of medical development to advance four basic areas: has a number of focused programs that execute these above goals with the purpose of saving lives by saving time. Partnering for Cures is FasterCures' annual meetin...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34634187
FasterCures
FasterCures The most recent ones included an informational session on NCATS and a question and answer session with FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg. The Philanthropy Advisory Service (PAS) seeks to improve access to medical solutions by easing the philanthropy process. PAS helps philanthropists makes informed decision...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34634187
FasterCures
FasterCures has released publications to inform different sectors of the medical research industry. The topics surrounding their publications include bridging the “Valley of Death,” improving biobanking, advancing the use of electronic health records, maximizing the impact of patient advocates, how to optimize philanth...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34634187
FasterCures
Umbilical ring The umbilical ring is a dense fibrous ring surrounding the umbilicus at birth. At about the sixth week of embryological development, the midgut herniates through the umbilical ring; six weeks later it returns to the abdominal cavity and rotates around the superior mesenteric artery. Dense embryonic conne...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34640808
Umbilical ring
Alfred Cockayne Alfred Hyde Cockayne (23 May 1880 – 21 October 1966) was a New Zealand botanist, agricultural scientist and administrator. He was born in Dunedin, or Oamaru, New Zealand, on 23 May 1880. He was the son of another noted botanist Leonard Cockayne. In the 1937 Coronation Honours, Cockayne was made a Compan...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34648187
Alfred Cockayne
Monopartite refers to the class of genome that is presented in the genome of the virus. As opposed to multipartite, viruses composed of monopartite genomes have a single molecule of nucleic acid. Most dsDNA viruses are monopartite.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34652450
Monopartite
Multipartite is a class of virus that have segmented nucleic acid genomes. Only a few ssDNA viruses have multipartite genomes, but a lot more RNA viruses have multipartite genomes. An advantage of multipartite genome is its ability to synthesize multiple mRNA strands to avoid the cellular constraint of monocistronicity...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34652474
Multipartite
International Organization for Succulent Plant Study The (IOS) describes itself as a "non-governmental organization promoting the study and conservation of succulent and allied plants and encouraging collaboration among scientists and curators of significant living collections of such plants, professional or amateur." ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34657052
International Organization for Succulent Plant Study
Val Chapman Valentine Jackson Chapman (14 February 1910 – 5 December 1980) was a New Zealand botanist, university professor and conservationist. He was born in Alcester, Warwickshire, England, on 14 February 1910. Chapman was an associate of Auckland's Mayor Dove-Myer Robinson and was a member of the Auckland Metropoli...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34661234
Val Chapman
Robert Brown (New Zealand botanist) Robert Brown (c. 1824 – 13 December 1906) was a New Zealand bootmaker and botanist. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland c. 1824.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34662643
Robert Brown (New Zealand botanist)
Decompression (physics) In physics, decompression refers to a reduction of pressure or compression, and to some extent to the consequences of a reduction of pressure. Decompression has the most obvious consequences when applied to gases or to liquids containing dissolved gases.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34663710
Decompression (physics)
James Gow Black (10 May 1835 – 25 December 1914) was a New Zealand chemist, mineralogist, lecturer and university professor . He was born in Tomgarrow, Perthshire, Scotland on 10 May 1835.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34678258
James Gow Black
James Mackintosh Bell James Abbott Mackintosh Bell (23 September 1877 – 31 March 1934) was a New Zealand geologist, writer and company director. He was born in St Andrews, Quebec on 23 September 1877 and graduated from Harvard University in 1904. In 1909, he married Vera Margaret Beauchamp, the older sister of the writ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34678542
James Mackintosh Bell
John Arthur Bartrum (24 May 1885 – 7 June 1949) was a New Zealand geologist and university professor. He was born in Geraldine, South Canterbury, New Zealand on 24 May 1885.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34678776
John Arthur Bartrum
Miles Barnett Miles Aylmer Fulton Barnett (30 April 1901 – 27 March 1979) was a New Zealand physicist and meteorologist. He was born in Dunedin, New Zealand, on 30 April 1901. In the 1945 King's Birthday Honours, Barnett was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division). In 1953, he was aw...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34678990
Miles Barnett
Bernard Aston Bernard Cracroft Aston (9 August 1871 – 31 May 1951) was New Zealand's first official agricultural chemist and was also a notable botanist. He was born in Beckenham, Kent, England, on 9 August 1871. He was a member of the 1907 Sub-Antarctic Islands Scientific Expedition. He was appointed a Commander of th...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34683835
Bernard Aston
Harry Allan Harry Howard Barton Allan (27 April 1882 – 29 October 1957) was a New Zealand teacher, botanist, scientific administrator and writer. Allan was born on 27 April 1882 in Nelson, and was educated at Nelson College, and Auckland University College, from where he graduated MA in 1908. For his lengthy botanical ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34684337
Harry Allan
Charles William Adams (surveyor) Charles William Adams (7 July 1840–29 October 1918) was a New Zealand surveyor, astronomer and public servant. He was born in Buckland, Tasmania, Australia on 7 July 1840. His son, Charles Edward Adams, pursued a similar career as a university lecturer, surveyor, astronomer and seismolo...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34684510
Charles William Adams (surveyor)
Hort. Hort., in the taxonomy of plants, is an abbreviation used to indicate a name that saw significant use in the horticultural literature (usually of the 19th century and earlier), but was never properly published. "Hort.," short for "hortulanorum", was proposed in order that a non-wild, cultivated plants known and d...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34694700
Hort.
Jyotirvidya Parisanstha (known as JVP to people of Pune, India and to most of the Indian amateur astronomers) is an association of amateur astronomers. On August 22, 1944 some eminent citizens of Pune formed JVP, primarily for the spread of knowledge of astronomy among the public and also to make their own contribution...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34716188
Jyotirvidya Parisanstha
Jyotirvidya Parisanstha Exhibition on Optical Observatories - An astronomical exhibition on “Optical Observatories - Infinity Focused with Giant Eye” was organized by Jyotirvidya Parisanstha, Pune during 19–21 September 2014 at “Jawaharlal Nehru Cultural Centre, Opposite Mahatma Phule Museum, Ghole Road, Pune” (Timing:...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34716188
Jyotirvidya Parisanstha
Mid-Brunhes Event The (MBE) is a climatic shift evident in a number of marine sediment and Antarctic ice cores. It corresponds to an increase in amplitude of glacial-interglacial cycles. The MBE roughly corresponds to the transition between MIS 12 and MIS 11 (Termination V) about 430 kyr ago. It is characterized by a f...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34740056
Mid-Brunhes Event
Carl Barus (February 19, 1856 – September 20, 1935) was an American physicist and the maternal great-uncle of the American novelist Kurt Vonnegut. Barus was born in Cincinnati, United States. The son of German immigrants (the musician Carl Barus, Sr. and Sophia, "nee" Möllmann) graduated from Woodward High School, toge...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34742573
Carl Barus
Carl Barus Also, the same year he became the fourth president of American Physical Society, and in 1906, became a member on the advisory board of physics, at the Carnegie Institution of Washington state. Barus died in Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34742573
Carl Barus
Bengt Fredrik Fries (24 August 1799 in Helsingborg – 7 April 1839 in Stockholm) was a Swedish zoologist. He studied at Lund University.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34771806
Bengt Fredrik Fries
Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System AMeDAS ("A"utomated "Me"teorological "D"ata "A"cquisition "S"ystem), commonly known in Japanese as "アメダス" ("amedasu"), is a high-resolution surface observation network developed by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) used for gathering regional weather data and verifyi...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34783649
Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System
Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System Temporary observation points are set up in areas where there are signs of volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34783649
Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System
Decoupling (meteorology) In weather forecasting, decoupling is boundary-layer decoupling of atmospheric layers over land at night. During the day when the sun shines and warms the land, air at the surface of the earth is heated and rises. This rising air mixes the atmosphere near the earth. At night this process stops ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34783762
Decoupling (meteorology)
BigDFT is a free software package for physicists and chemists, distributed under the GNU General Public License, whose main program allows the total energy, charge density, and electronic structure of systems made of electrons and nuclei (molecules and periodic/crystalline solids) to be calculated within density functi...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34784308
BigDFT
BigDFT Because the Daubechies wavelets have a compact support, the Hamiltonian application can be done locally which permits to have a linear scaling in function of the number of atoms instead of a cubic scaling for traditional DFT software.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34784308
BigDFT
Abyss Box The is a vessel containing of water at the very high pressure of 18 megapascals to simulate the natural underwater environment of bathyal fauna living at about below the surface. It is on display at Oceanopolis aquarium in Brest, France. It was designed by French researcher Bruce Shillito from Pierre and Mari...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34793304
Abyss Box
Alfred Senier (24 January 1853 – 29 June 1918) was a chemist and a Professor of Chemistry, Queen's College, Galway from 1891 until his death. He was one of the founding members of the Aristotelian Society.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34800461
Alfred Senier
Bioproducts engineering or bioprocess engineering refers to engineering of bio-products from renewable bioresources. This pertains to the design and development of processes and technologies for the sustainable manufacture of bioproducts (materials, chemicals and energy) from renewable biological resources. Bioproducts...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34808927
Bioproducts engineering
Bioproducts engineering Bioproducts engineers play a critical role in a sustainable 21st century bio-economy by using renewable resources to design, develop, and manufacture the products we use every day. The career outlook for bioproducts engineers is very bright with employment opportunities in a broad range of indus...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34808927
Bioproducts engineering
Glossary of astronomy This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34809573
Glossary of astronomy
William Watson (botanist) William Watson (1858–1925) was a British botanist and horticulturist. He was a gardener at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew from 1879, Assistant Curator 1886–1901 and Curator 1901–1922.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34813318
William Watson (botanist)
Samuel Walter Johnson Smith FRS (January 26, 1871 - August 20, 1948) was an English physicist. He studied Natural Sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge and became Professor of Physics at the University of Birmingham in 1919, where he succeeded J.H. Poynting. He was the son of Walter Mackersie Smith and an elected Fell...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34831159
Samuel Walter Johnson Smith
James Howie (bacteriologist) Sir James William Howie FRCP, FRCPGlas, FRCPE, FRCPath (31 December 1907 – 17 March 1995) was a Scottish bacteriologist, Director of the Public Health Laboratory Service, 1963–1973. In November 1966, he was installed as the President of the College of Pathologists.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34847294
James Howie (bacteriologist)
Phase conjugation is a physical transformation of a wave field where the resulting field has a reversed propagation direction but keeps its amplitudes and phases. It is distinguished from Time Reversal Signal Processing by the fact that phase conjugation uses a holographic or parametric pumping whereas time reversal re...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34854733
Phase conjugation
Boundary friction occurs when a surface is at least partially wet, but not so lubricated that there is no direct friction between two surfaces. When two consistent, unlubricated surfaces slide against each other, there is a specific, predictable amount of friction that occurs. This amount increases as velocity does, bu...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34856488
Boundary friction
Benoît-Philibert Perroud Benoit-Philibert Perroud (1796 Lyon -1887, Lyon), was a French entomologist. Benoit-Philibert Perroud was a specialist in Coleoptera. He was a Member of the Société entomologique de France, the Société Linnéenne de Lyon and the Entomological Society of Stettin. partial list
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34860047
Benoît-Philibert Perroud
Attila Borhidi Borhidi Attila (born 28 June 1932), is a Széchenyi Prize winning Hungarian botanist, ecologist, professor, politician and full member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He is most noted for his extensive work on plant taxonomy. 1989 to 1992, he was at the Janus Pannonius University Teacher Training Fa...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34860863
Attila Borhidi
Roderich Moessner is a condensed matter physicist working on the physics of strong fluctuations in many-body systems due to frustration, competing degrees of freedom or quantum fluctuations. Moessner received his PhD from University of Oxford and is now serving as one of the directors of the Max Planck Institute for th...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34864314
Roderich Moessner
Cryometer A cryometer is a thermometer used to measure very low temperatures of objects. There are many types of devices used as cryometers:
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34890050
Cryometer
Dille–Koppanyi reagent The is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify barbiturates. It is composed of a mixture of two solutions. Part A is 0.1 g of cobalt(II) acetate dihydrate dissolved in 100 ml of methanol mixed with 0.2 ml of glacial acetic acid. Part B made up of is 5% isopropylamine (v/v) in methano...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34903180
Dille–Koppanyi reagent
Per E. Ahlberg is a Swedish palaeontologist working with the earliest tetrapods. He took his Ph.D. in zoology at the University of Cambridge in 1989. He is currently professor at the Department of organismal Biology, University of Uppsala. He has collaborated with English palaeontologist Jennifer A. Clack on a number o...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34911660
Per E. Ahlberg
Zwikker reagent The is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify barbiturates. It is composed of a mixture of two solutions. Part A is 0.5 g of copper (II) sulfate in 100 ml of distilled water. Part B consists of 5% pyridine (v/v) in chloroform. One drop of each is added to the substance to be tested and any...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34914721
Zwikker reagent
Giles (bacteriophage) Giles is a bacteriophage that infects "Mycobacterium smegmatis" bacteria. The genome of this phage is very different from that of other mycobacteriophages and is highly mosaic. More than half of its predicted genes are novel and are not seen in other species.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34915005
Giles (bacteriophage)
Michele Stossich (10 August 1857 – 7 February 1906) was an Italian-Austrian zoologist and helminthologist born in Trieste. He was the son of biologist Adolf Stossich (1824-1900). Stossich studied at the University of Innsbruck and Vienna Polytechnic, earning his teaching certificate in 1878. Afterwards, he was an instr...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34917339
Michele Stossich
Convective mixing In fluid dynamics, convective mixing is the vertical transport of a fluid and its properties. In many important ocean and atmospheric phenomena, convection is driven by density differences in the fluid, e.g. the sinking of cold, dense water in polar regions of the world's oceans; and the rising of war...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34927770
Convective mixing
Maarten J. M. Christenhusz Dr Maarten Joost Maria Christenhusz (born 27 April 1976) is a Dutch botanist, natural historian and photographer. He was born in Enschede, the Netherlands, received his undergraduate and master's degrees from Utrecht University in Biology, and earned his PhD from the University of Turku, Finl...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34928789
Maarten J. M. Christenhusz
Enterobacteria phage P4 (also known as satellite phage P4) is a temperate bacteriophage strain of species "Escherichia virus P2" within genus "P2virus" (formerly "P2-like viruses"), subfamily "Peduovirinae", family "Myoviridae". It is a satellite virus, requiring P2-related helper phage to grow lytically. The P4 virion...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34936686
Enterobacteria phage P4
Fusion ignition is the point at which a nuclear fusion reaction becomes self-sustaining. This occurs when the energy being given off by the fusion reactions heats the fuel mass more rapidly than various loss mechanisms cool it. At this point, the external energy needed to heat the fuel to fusion temperatures is no long...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34946963
Fusion ignition
Fusion ignition To date, no man-made reactor has reached breakeven, let alone ignition. Ignition has however been achieved in the cores of detonating thermonuclear weapons. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has its 1.8 MJ laser system running at full power. This laser system is designed to compress and heat a mixt...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34946963
Fusion ignition
Synthon (company) Synthon is a Dutch multinational that produces generic human drugs. The company was founded in 1991 by two organic chemists of the Radboud University Nijmegen. Synthon is active in the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Spain, the United States, Argentina, Chile, Russia, Mexico and South Korea with abou...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34948464
Synthon (company)
Fermi arc In the field of unconventional superconductivity, a is a phenomenon visible in the pseudogap state of a superconductor. Seen in momentum space, part of the space exhibits a gap in the density of states, like in a superconductor. This starts at the antinodal points, and spreads through momentum space when lowe...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34983327
Fermi arc
Dynamical horizon In theoretical physics, a dynamical horizon (DH) is a local description (i.e. independent of the global structure of the spacetime) of evolving black hole horizons. In the literature there exist two different mathematical formulations of DHs—the 2+2 formulation developed by Sean Hayward and the 3+1 fo...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34992536
Dynamical horizon
Turbidimetry (the name being derived from "turbidity") is the process of measuring the loss of intensity of transmitted light due to the scattering effect of particles suspended in it. Light is passed through a filter creating a light of known wavelength which is then passed through a cuvette containing a solution. A p...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35006277
Turbidimetry
Mean High Water (MHW) is a Tidal Datum representing the average of all the daily tidal high water heights observed over a period of several years. In the United States this period spans 19 years and is referred to as the National Tidal Datum Epoch. The most current MHW values are found in the North American Vertical Da...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35006655
Mean High Water
NGC 1483 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Horologium and member of the Dorado Group. The nebulous galaxy features a bright central bulge and diffuse arms with distinct star-forming regions.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35013151
NGC 1483
Mongolian Natural History Museum The () is a repository and research institution located in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The museum was previously known as the Mongolian National Museum or State Central Museum. This change in name has often led to confusion with Ulaanbaatar's other preeminent museum, the National Museum of M...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35021808
Mongolian Natural History Museum
Mongolian Natural History Museum It was scheduled to be replaced by a new building, with budgeting planned to start in 2014. The demolition process started despite public anger early in December 2019. . The structure was demolished in the night around 2a.m. on 7 December 2019.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35021808
Mongolian Natural History Museum
NGC 49 is a lenticular galaxy in the Andromeda constellation. The galaxy was discovered by the American astronomer Lewis A. Swift on September 7, 1885.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35026197
NGC 49
Human HGF plasmid DNA therapy of cardiomyocytes is being examined as a potential treatment for coronary artery disease (a major cause of myocardial infarction (MI)), as well as treatment for the damage that occurs to the heart after MI. After MI, the myocardium suffers from reperfusion injury which leads to death of ca...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35029495
Human HGF plasmid DNA therapy
Human HGF plasmid DNA therapy Animal research has demonstrated that administration of HGF cDNA plasmids into ischemic cardiac tissue can increase cardiac function (improved left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared to control subjects) after induced MI or ischemia. Transfection with HGF plas...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35029495
Human HGF plasmid DNA therapy
Human HGF plasmid DNA therapy " no assessment of left ventricular function and sample size was quite small), upon follow up assessments at 12 months, none of the patients receiving the treatment had been readmitted to hospital for MI, angina or aggravated heart failure.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35029495
Human HGF plasmid DNA therapy
Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps (10 March 1830 – 21 December 1889) was a French paleontologist and naturalist born in Caen, the son of paleontologist Jacques Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps (1794–1867). He died at Château Matthieu, Calvados. Around 1856 he succeeded his father as professor of zoology at the faculty of sciences at...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35030422
Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps
Radio Astronomy Laboratory The Radio Astronomy Lab (RAL) is an Organized Research Unit (ORU) within the Astronomy Department at the University of California, Berkeley. It was founded by faculty member Harold Weaver in 1958. Until 2012, RAL maintained a radio astronomy observatory at Hat Creek, near Mt. Lassen. It conti...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35035679
Radio Astronomy Laboratory
Formate-nitrite transporter The Formate-Nitrite Transporter (FNT) Family belongs to the Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP) Superfamily. FNT family members have been sequenced from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, archaea, yeast, plants and lower eukaryotes. The prokaryotic proteins of the FNT family probably functi...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35038842
Formate-nitrite transporter
Formate-nitrite transporter The energy coupling mechanisms for proteins of the FNT family have not been extensively characterized. HCO and NO uptakes may be coupled to H symport. HCO efflux may be driven by the membrane potential by a uniport mechanism or by H antiport. FocA of "E. coli" catalyzes bidirectional formate...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35038842
Formate-nitrite transporter
Nucleobase cation symporter-2 The (NCS2) family, also called the Nucleobase ascorbate transporter (NAT) family, consists of over 1000 sequenced proteins derived from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants and animals. The NCS2/NAT family is a member of the APC Superfamily of secondary carriers...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35039952
Nucleobase cation symporter-2
Nucleobase cation symporter-2 Uracil permease, UraA UraA with bound uracil at 2.8Å resolution . The generalized transport reactions catalyzed by proteins of the NAT/NCS2 family are: Several proteins make up the NCS2/NAT family. A full list of these proteins can be found in the Transporter Classification Database. A few...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35039952
Nucleobase cation symporter-2
SPEX (astronomy) The SPEX (Spectropolarimeter for Planetary Exploration) is a single-channel, high-precision polarimeter for the characterization of planetary atmospheres. It is intended for planetary science missions, but it could, with minor modifications, also be used for Earth observation by a microsatellite, such ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35043822
SPEX (astronomy)
Abell 133 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35045841
Abell 133
Abell 262 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. It is part of the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster, one of the largest known structures in the universe. Although its central galaxy, NGC 708, is a giant cD galaxy, most of its bright galaxies are spirals, which is unusual for a galaxy cluster. With approximately 200 mem...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35045866
Abell 262
Abell 478 is a galaxy cluster listed in the Abell catalogue.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35045919
Abell 478
Abell 907 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35045936
Abell 907
Abell 1413 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. The Abell catalogue was published by George O. Abell in 1958 while working on his PhD at California Institute of Technology. The catalogue has two different surveys. The Northern survey was done first by Abell in 1958 with the help of A.G .Wilson. The Northern Surv...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35045954
Abell 1413
Abell 1413 holds about 300 galaxies together with its strong gravity. Due to the strong interactions in the cluster, the material is heated up to 100 million degrees. Because of this intense heat, strong X-ray radiation is emitted from the cluster. Scientists using the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope observed and built ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35045954
Abell 1413
Abell 1795 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. In January 2014, Chandra X-Ray Observatory claimed to have made discovery of a new supermassive black hole candidate disrupting star in the Abell 1795.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35046050
Abell 1795
Abell 1991 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35046060
Abell 1991
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

ScienceWikiSmallChunk

Processed version of millawell/wikipedia_field_of_science, prepared to be used in small context length RAG systems. Chunk length is tokenizer dependent, but each chunk should be around 512 tokens. Longer wikipedia pages have been split into smaller entries, with title added as a prefix.

There is also 256 tokens dataset available: Laz4rz/wikipedia_science_chunked_small_rag_256

If you wish to prepare some other chunk length:

  1. use millawell/wikipedia_field_of_science
  2. adapt chunker function:
def chunker_clean(results, example, length=512, approx_token=3, prefix=""):
    if len(results) == 0:
        regex_pattern = r'[\n\s]*\n[\n\s]*'
        example = re.sub(regex_pattern, " ", example).strip().replace(prefix, "")
    chunk_length = length * approx_token
    if len(example) > chunk_length:
        first = example[:chunk_length]
        chunk = ".".join(first.split(".")[:-1])
        if len(chunk) == 0:
            chunk = first
        rest = example[len(chunk)+1:]
        results.append(prefix+chunk.strip())
        if len(rest) > chunk_length:
            chunker_clean(results, rest.strip(), length=length, approx_token=approx_token, prefix=prefix)
        else:
            results.append(prefix+rest.strip())
    else:
        results.append(prefix+example.strip())
    return results
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