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Convert a matplotlib image to a base64 png representation
Parameters
----------
image : matplotlib image object
The image to be converted.
Returns
-------
image_base64 : string
The UTF8-encoded base64 string representation of the png image.
def image_to_base64(image):
"""
... |
Activate the IPython hook for VisPy. If the app is not specified, the
default is used.
def set_interactive(enabled=True, app=None):
"""Activate the IPython hook for VisPy. If the app is not specified, the
default is used.
"""
if enabled:
inputhook_manager.enable_gui('vispy', app)
else... |
Resize buffers only if necessary
def _resize_buffers(self, font_scale):
"""Resize buffers only if necessary"""
new_sizes = (font_scale,) + self.size
if new_sizes == self._current_sizes: # don't need resize
return
self._n_rows = int(max(self.size[1] /
... |
Clear the console
def clear(self):
"""Clear the console"""
if hasattr(self, '_bytes_012'):
self._bytes_012.fill(0)
self._bytes_345.fill(0)
self._text_lines = [] * self._n_rows
self._pending_writes = [] |
Write text and scroll
Parameters
----------
text : str
Text to write. ``''`` can be used for a blank line, as a newline
is automatically added to the end of each line.
wrap : str
If True, long messages will be wrapped to span multiple lines.
def writ... |
Do any pending text writes
def _do_pending_writes(self):
"""Do any pending text writes"""
for text, wrap in self._pending_writes:
# truncate in case of *really* long messages
text = text[-self._n_cols*self._n_rows:]
text = text.split('\n')
text = [t if le... |
Insert text into bytes buffers
def _insert_text_buf(self, line, idx):
"""Insert text into bytes buffers"""
self._bytes_012[idx] = 0
self._bytes_345[idx] = 0
# Crop text if necessary
I = np.array([ord(c) - 32 for c in line[:self._n_cols]])
I = np.clip(I, 0, len(__font_6x8... |
Set verbatim code replacement
It is strongly recommended to use function['$foo'] = 'bar' where
possible because template variables are less likely to changed
than the code itself in future versions of vispy.
Parameters
----------
str1 : str
S... |
find all template variables in self._code, excluding the
function name.
def _parse_template_vars(self):
""" find all template variables in self._code, excluding the
function name.
"""
template_vars = set()
for var in parsing.find_template_variables(self._code):
... |
Return code, with new name, expressions, and replacements applied.
def _get_replaced_code(self, names):
""" Return code, with new name, expressions, and replacements applied.
"""
code = self._code
# Modify name
fname = names[self]
code = code.replace(" " + self.... |
Return *code* with indentation and leading/trailing blank lines
removed.
def _clean_code(self, code):
""" Return *code* with indentation and leading/trailing blank lines
removed.
"""
lines = code.split("\n")
min_indent = 100
for line in lines:
if lin... |
Create a new ChainFunction and attach to $var.
def add_chain(self, var):
"""
Create a new ChainFunction and attach to $var.
"""
chain = FunctionChain(var, [])
self._chains[var] = chain
self[var] = chain |
Append a new function to the end of this chain.
def append(self, function, update=True):
""" Append a new function to the end of this chain.
"""
self._funcs.append(function)
self._add_dep(function)
if update:
self._update() |
Insert a new function into the chain at *index*.
def insert(self, index, function, update=True):
""" Insert a new function into the chain at *index*.
"""
self._funcs.insert(index, function)
self._add_dep(function)
if update:
self._update() |
Remove a function from the chain.
def remove(self, function, update=True):
""" Remove a function from the chain.
"""
self._funcs.remove(function)
self._remove_dep(function)
if update:
self._update() |
Add an item to the list unless it is already present.
If the item is an expression, then a semicolon will be appended to it
in the final compiled code.
def add(self, item, position=5):
"""Add an item to the list unless it is already present.
If the item is an expressio... |
Remove an item from the list.
def remove(self, item):
"""Remove an item from the list.
"""
self.items.pop(item)
self._remove_dep(item)
self.order = None
self.changed(code_changed=True) |
Return an array (Nf, 3) of vertex indexes, three per triangular
face in the mesh.
If faces have not been computed for this mesh, the function
computes them.
If no vertices or faces are specified, the function returns None.
def faces(self):
"""Return an array (Nf, 3) of vertex i... |
Return an array (Nf, 3) of vertices.
If only faces exist, the function computes the vertices and
returns them.
If no vertices or faces are specified, the function returns None.
def vertices(self):
"""Return an array (Nf, 3) of vertices.
If only faces exist, the function comput... |
Return an array of vertex indexes representing the convex hull.
If faces have not been computed for this mesh, the function
computes them.
If no vertices or faces are specified, the function returns None.
def convex_hull(self):
"""Return an array of vertex indexes representing the conv... |
Triangulates the set of vertices and stores the triangles in faces and
the convex hull in convex_hull.
def triangulate(self):
"""
Triangulates the set of vertices and stores the triangles in faces and
the convex hull in convex_hull.
"""
npts = self._vertices.shape[0]
... |
Locate a filename into the shader library.
def find(name):
"""Locate a filename into the shader library."""
if op.exists(name):
return name
path = op.dirname(__file__) or '.'
paths = [path] + config['include_path']
for path in paths:
filename = op.abspath(op.join(path, name))
... |
Retrieve code from the given filename.
def get(name):
"""Retrieve code from the given filename."""
filename = find(name)
if filename is None:
raise RuntimeError('Could not find %s' % name)
with open(filename) as fid:
return fid.read() |
try many times as in times with sleep time
def expect(func, args, times=7, sleep_t=0.5):
"""try many times as in times with sleep time"""
while times > 0:
try:
return func(*args)
except Exception as e:
times -= 1
logger.debug("expect failed - attempts left: %... |
convert a string to float
def num(string):
"""convert a string to float"""
if not isinstance(string, type('')):
raise ValueError(type(''))
try:
string = re.sub('[^a-zA-Z0-9\.\-]', '', string)
number = re.findall(r"[-+]?\d*\.\d+|[-+]?\d+", string)
return float(number[0])
... |
get the unit of number
def get_number_unit(number):
"""get the unit of number"""
n = str(float(number))
mult, submult = n.split('.')
if float(submult) != 0:
unit = '0.' + (len(submult)-1)*'0' + '1'
return float(unit)
else:
return float(1) |
get value of pip
def get_pip(mov=None, api=None, name=None):
"""get value of pip"""
# ~ check args
if mov is None and api is None:
logger.error("need at least one of those")
raise ValueError()
elif mov is not None and api is not None:
logger.error("mov and api are exclusive")
... |
Individual item sizes
def itemsize(self):
""" Individual item sizes """
return self._items[:self._count, 1] - self._items[:self._count, 0] |
Set current capacity of the underlying array
def reserve(self, capacity):
""" Set current capacity of the underlying array"""
if capacity >= self._data.size:
capacity = int(2 ** np.ceil(np.log2(capacity)))
self._data = np.resize(self._data, capacity) |
Insert data before index
Parameters
----------
index : int
Index before which data will be inserted.
data : array_like
An array, any object exposing the array interface, an object
whose __array__ method returns an array, or any (nested) sequence.
... |
Append data to the end.
Parameters
----------
data : array_like
An array, any object exposing the array interface, an object
whose __array__ method returns an array, or any (nested) sequence.
itemsize: int or 1-D array
If `itemsize is an integer, N... |
Solve an optimization problem using the DIRECT (Dividing Rectangles) algorithm.
It can be used to solve general nonlinear programming problems of the form:
.. math::
\min_ {x \in R^n} f(x)
subject to
.. math::
x_L \leq x \leq x_U
Where :math:`x` are the... |
Get screen DPI from the OS
Parameters
----------
raise_error : bool
If True, raise an error if DPI could not be determined.
Returns
-------
dpi : float
Dots per inch of the primary screen.
def get_dpi(raise_error=True):
"""Get screen DPI from the OS
Parameters
---... |
Reset shader source if necesssary.
def build_if_needed(self):
""" Reset shader source if necesssary.
"""
if self._need_build:
self._build()
self._need_build = False
self.update_variables() |
Returns a function that maps a number n from range (a, b) onto a range
(c, d). If no curvefn is given, linear mapping will be used. Optionally a
normalisation function normfn can be provided to transform output.
def nmap(a, b, c, d, curvefn=None, normfn=None):
"""
Returns a function that maps a number ... |
Link this axis to a ViewBox
This makes it so that the axis's domain always matches the
visible range in the ViewBox.
Parameters
----------
view : instance of ViewBox
The ViewBox to link.
def link_view(self, view):
"""Link this axis to a ViewBox
Thi... |
Linked view transform has changed; update ticks.
def _view_changed(self, event=None):
"""Linked view transform has changed; update ticks.
"""
tr = self.node_transform(self._linked_view.scene)
p1, p2 = tr.map(self._axis_ends())
if self.orientation in ('left', 'right'):
... |
ViewBox mouse event handler
Parameters
----------
event : instance of Event
The mouse event.
def viewbox_mouse_event(self, event):
"""ViewBox mouse event handler
Parameters
----------
event : instance of Event
The mouse event.
""... |
Timer event handler
Parameters
----------
event : instance of Event
The timer event.
def on_timer(self, event=None):
"""Timer event handler
Parameters
----------
event : instance of Event
The timer event.
"""
# Smoothly u... |
Data can be numpy array or the size of data to allocate.
def glBufferData(target, data, usage):
""" Data can be numpy array or the size of data to allocate.
"""
if isinstance(data, int):
size = data
data = ctypes.c_voidp(0)
else:
if not data.flags['C_CONTIGUOUS'] or not data.fla... |
Return next power of 2 greater than or equal to n
def next_power_of_2(n):
""" Return next power of 2 greater than or equal to n """
n -= 1 # greater than OR EQUAL TO n
shift = 1
while (n + 1) & n: # n+1 is not a power of 2 yet
n |= n >> shift
shift *= 2
return max(4, n + 1) |
Parameters
----------
vertices : numpy array
An array whose dtype is compatible with self.vdtype
uniforms: numpy array
An array whose dtype is compatible with self.utype
indices : numpy array
An array whose dtype is compatible with self.idtype
... |
Compute uniform texture shape
def _compute_texture_shape(self, size=1):
""" Compute uniform texture shape """
# We should use this line but we may not have a GL context yet
# linesize = gl.glGetInteger(gl.GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE)
linesize = 1024
count = self._uniforms_float_count
... |
Update vertex buffers & texture
def _update(self):
""" Update vertex buffers & texture """
if self._vertices_buffer is not None:
self._vertices_buffer.delete()
self._vertices_buffer = VertexBuffer(self._vertices_list.data)
if self.itype is not None:
if self._in... |
Retrieve a graph layout
Some graph layouts accept extra options. Please refer to their
documentation for more information.
Parameters
----------
name : string
The name of the layout. The variable `AVAILABLE_LAYOUTS`
contains all available layouts.
*args
Positional argum... |
Given viewer session information, make sure the session information is
compatible with the current version of the viewers, and if not, update
the session information in-place.
def update_viewer_state(rec, context):
"""
Given viewer session information, make sure the session information is
compatibl... |
Remove C-style comment from GLSL code string.
def remove_comments(code):
"""Remove C-style comment from GLSL code string."""
pattern = r"(\".*?\"|\'.*?\')|(/\*.*?\*/|//[^\r\n]*\n)"
# first group captures quoted strings (double or single)
# second group captures comments (//single-line or /* multi-line... |
Merge all includes recursively.
def merge_includes(code):
"""Merge all includes recursively."""
pattern = '\#\s*include\s*"(?P<filename>[a-zA-Z0-9\_\-\.\/]+)"'
regex = re.compile(pattern)
includes = []
def replace(match):
filename = match.group("filename")
if filename not in incl... |
Add a new widget to this grid. This will cause other widgets in the
grid to be resized to make room for the new widget. Can be used
to replace a widget as well
Parameters
----------
widget : Widget | None
The Widget to add. New widget is constructed if widget is None... |
Remove a widget from this grid
Parameters
----------
widget : Widget
The Widget to remove
def remove_widget(self, widget):
"""Remove a widget from this grid
Parameters
----------
widget : Widget
The Widget to remove
"""
... |
Resize a widget in the grid to new dimensions.
Parameters
----------
widget : Widget
The widget to resize
row_span : int
The number of rows to be occupied by this widget.
col_span : int
The number of columns to be occupied by this widget.
def... |
Create a new Grid and add it as a child widget.
Parameters
----------
row : int
The row in which to add the widget (0 is the topmost row)
col : int
The column in which to add the widget (0 is the leftmost column)
row_span : int
The number of r... |
Create a new ViewBox and add it as a child widget.
Parameters
----------
row : int
The row in which to add the widget (0 is the topmost row)
col : int
The column in which to add the widget (0 is the leftmost column)
row_span : int
The number o... |
Find font
def find_font(face, bold, italic):
"""Find font"""
bold = FC_WEIGHT_BOLD if bold else FC_WEIGHT_REGULAR
italic = FC_SLANT_ITALIC if italic else FC_SLANT_ROMAN
face = face.encode('utf8')
fontconfig.FcInit()
pattern = fontconfig.FcPatternCreate()
fontconfig.FcPatternAddInteger(patte... |
List system fonts
def _list_fonts():
"""List system fonts"""
stdout_, stderr = run_subprocess(['fc-list', ':scalable=true', 'family'])
vals = [v.split(',')[0] for v in stdout_.strip().splitlines(False)]
return vals |
Helper to get vispy calling function from the stack
def _get_vispy_caller():
"""Helper to get vispy calling function from the stack"""
records = inspect.stack()
# first few records are vispy-based logging calls
for record in records[5:]:
module = record[0].f_globals['__name__']
if modul... |
Convenience function for setting the logging level
Parameters
----------
verbose : bool, str, int, or None
The verbosity of messages to print. If a str, it can be either DEBUG,
INFO, WARNING, ERROR, or CRITICAL. Note that these are for
convenience and are equivalent to passing in lo... |
Send an exception and traceback to the logger.
This function is used in cases where an exception is handled safely but
nevertheless should generate a descriptive error message. An extra line
is inserted into the stack trace indicating where the exception was caught.
Parameters
----------
... |
Helper for prining errors in callbacks
See EventEmitter._invoke_callback for a use example.
def _handle_exception(ignore_callback_errors, print_callback_errors, obj,
cb_event=None, node=None):
"""Helper for prining errors in callbacks
See EventEmitter._invoke_callback for a use exam... |
Serialize a NumPy array.
def _serialize_buffer(buffer, array_serialization=None):
"""Serialize a NumPy array."""
if array_serialization == 'binary':
# WARNING: in NumPy 1.9, tostring() has been renamed to tobytes()
# but tostring() is still here for now for backward compatibility.
retur... |
Log message emitter that optionally matches and/or records
def _vispy_emit_match_andor_record(self, record):
"""Log message emitter that optionally matches and/or records"""
test = record.getMessage()
match = self._vispy_match
if (match is None or re.search(match, test) or
... |
Convert *obj* to a new ShaderObject. If the output is a Variable
with no name, then set its name using *ref*.
def create(self, obj, ref=None):
""" Convert *obj* to a new ShaderObject. If the output is a Variable
with no name, then set its name using *ref*.
"""
if isinstance(ref... |
Return all dependencies required to use this object. The last item
in the list is *self*.
def dependencies(self, sort=False):
""" Return all dependencies required to use this object. The last item
in the list is *self*.
"""
alldeps = []
if sort:
def key(obj... |
Increment the reference count for *dep*. If this is a new
dependency, then connect to its *changed* event.
def _add_dep(self, dep):
""" Increment the reference count for *dep*. If this is a new
dependency, then connect to its *changed* event.
"""
if dep in self._deps:
... |
Decrement the reference count for *dep*. If the reference count
reaches 0, then the dependency is removed and its *changed* event is
disconnected.
def _remove_dep(self, dep):
""" Decrement the reference count for *dep*. If the reference count
reaches 0, then the dependency is removed ... |
Called when a dependency's expression has changed.
def _dep_changed(self, dep, code_changed=False, value_changed=False):
""" Called when a dependency's expression has changed.
"""
self.changed(code_changed, value_changed) |
Inform dependents that this shaderobject has changed.
def changed(self, code_changed=False, value_changed=False):
"""Inform dependents that this shaderobject has changed.
"""
for d in self._dependents:
d._dep_changed(self, code_changed=code_changed,
value_... |
The great missing equivalence function: Guaranteed evaluation
to a single bool value.
def eq(a, b):
""" The great missing equivalence function: Guaranteed evaluation
to a single bool value.
"""
if a is b:
return True
if a is None or b is None:
return True if a is None and b is N... |
Zoom in (or out) at the given center
Parameters
----------
factor : float or tuple
Fraction by which the scene should be zoomed (e.g. a factor of 2
causes the scene to appear twice as large).
center : tuple of 2-4 elements
The center of the view. If n... |
Pan the view.
Parameters
----------
*pan : length-2 sequence
The distance to pan the view, in the coordinate system of the
scene.
def pan(self, *pan):
"""Pan the view.
Parameters
----------
*pan : length-2 sequence
The distan... |
The SubScene received a mouse event; update transform
accordingly.
Parameters
----------
event : instance of Event
The event.
def viewbox_mouse_event(self, event):
"""
The SubScene received a mouse event; update transform
accordingly.
Parame... |
Set the volume data.
Parameters
----------
vol : ndarray
The 3D volume.
clim : tuple | None
Colormap limits to use. None will use the min and max values.
def set_data(self, vol, clim=None):
""" Set the volume data.
Parameters
---------... |
Create and set positions and texture coords from the given shape
We have six faces with 1 quad (2 triangles) each, resulting in
6*2*3 = 36 vertices in total.
def _create_vertex_data(self):
""" Create and set positions and texture coords from the given shape
We have six... |
Set the data
Parameters
----------
pos : list, tuple or numpy array
Bounds of the region along the axis. len(pos) must be >=2.
color : list, tuple, or array
The color to use when drawing the line. It must have a shape of
(1, 4) for a single color regi... |
This method is called immediately before each draw.
The *view* argument indicates which view is about to be drawn.
def _prepare_draw(self, view=None):
"""This method is called immediately before each draw.
The *view* argument indicates which view is about to be drawn.
"""
if ... |
Repopulate cache
def refresh_cache(self, cat_id):
'''
Repopulate cache
'''
self.cache[cat_id] = most_recent_25_posts_by_category(cat_id)
self.last_refresh[cat_id] = datetime.now()
print ('Cache refresh at...', str(self.last_refresh[cat_id])) |
Merge overlapping intervals.
This method is called only once in the constructor.
def _merge_intervals(self, min_depth):
"""
Merge overlapping intervals.
This method is called only once in the constructor.
"""
def add_interval(ret, start, stop):
if min_depth... |
Return the union between self and ``another_is``.
Parameters
----------
another_is : `IntervalSet`
an IntervalSet object.
Returns
-------
interval : `IntervalSet`
the union of self with ``another_is``.
def union(self, another_is):
"""
... |
Convert an IntervalSet using the NESTED numbering scheme to an IntervalSet containing UNIQ numbers for HEALPix
cells.
Parameters
----------
nested_is : `IntervalSet`
IntervalSet object storing HEALPix cells as [ipix*4^(29-order), (ipix+1)*4^(29-order)[ intervals.
Re... |
Convert an IntervalSet containing NUNIQ intervals to an IntervalSet representing HEALPix
cells following the NESTED numbering scheme.
Parameters
----------
nuniq_is : `IntervalSet`
IntervalSet object storing HEALPix cells as [ipix + 4*4^(order), ipix+1 + 4*4^(order)[ interva... |
Merge two lists of intervals according to the boolean function op
``a_intervals`` and ``b_intervals`` need to be sorted and consistent (no overlapping intervals).
This operation keeps the resulting interval set consistent.
Parameters
----------
a_intervals : `~numpy.ndarray`
... |
Delete the object from GPU memory.
Note that the GPU object will also be deleted when this gloo
object is about to be deleted. However, sometimes you want to
explicitly delete the GPU object explicitly.
def delete(self):
""" Delete the object from GPU memory.
Note that the G... |
Set the data
Parameters
----------
image : array-like
The image data.
def set_data(self, image):
"""Set the data
Parameters
----------
image : array-like
The image data.
"""
data = np.asarray(image)
if self._data ... |
Rebuild the _data_lookup_fn using different interpolations within
the shader
def _build_interpolation(self):
"""Rebuild the _data_lookup_fn using different interpolations within
the shader
"""
interpolation = self._interpolation
self._data_lookup_fn = self._interpolation... |
Rebuild the vertex buffers used for rendering the image when using
the subdivide method.
def _build_vertex_data(self):
"""Rebuild the vertex buffers used for rendering the image when using
the subdivide method.
"""
grid = self._grid
w = 1.0 / grid[1]
h = 1.0 / gr... |
Decide which method to use for *view* and configure it accordingly.
def _update_method(self, view):
"""Decide which method to use for *view* and configure it accordingly.
"""
method = self._method
if method == 'auto':
if view.transforms.get_transform().Linear:
... |
Append a new set of vertices to the collection.
For kwargs argument, n is the number of vertices (local) or the number
of item (shared)
Parameters
----------
P : np.array
Vertices positions of the path(s) to be added
closed: bool
Whether path(s... |
Given a path P, return the baked vertices as they should be copied in
the collection if the path has already been appended.
Example:
--------
paths.append(P)
P *= 2
paths['prev'][0] = bake(P,'prev')
paths['curr'][0] = bake(P,'curr')
paths['next'][0] = ba... |
Draw collection
def draw(self, mode="triangle_strip"):
""" Draw collection """
gl.glDepthMask(gl.GL_FALSE)
Collection.draw(self, mode)
gl.glDepthMask(gl.GL_TRUE) |
Stop all timers in a canvas.
def _stop_timers(canvas):
"""Stop all timers in a canvas."""
for attr in dir(canvas):
try:
attr_obj = getattr(canvas, attr)
except NotImplementedError:
# This try/except is needed because canvas.position raises
# an error (it is n... |
Print stack trace from call that didn't originate from here
def _last_stack_str():
"""Print stack trace from call that didn't originate from here"""
stack = extract_stack()
for s in stack[::-1]:
if op.join('vispy', 'gloo', 'buffer.py') not in __file__:
break
return format_list([s])[... |
Set a sub-region of the buffer (deferred operation).
Parameters
----------
data : ndarray
Data to be uploaded
offset: int
Offset in buffer where to start copying data (in bytes)
copy: bool
Since the operation is deferred, data may change befo... |
Set data in the buffer (deferred operation).
This completely resets the size and contents of the buffer.
Parameters
----------
data : ndarray
Data to be uploaded
copy: bool
Since the operation is deferred, data may change before
data is actua... |
Resize this buffer (deferred operation).
Parameters
----------
size : int
New buffer size in bytes.
def resize_bytes(self, size):
""" Resize this buffer (deferred operation).
Parameters
----------
size : int
New buffer ... |
Set a sub-region of the buffer (deferred operation).
Parameters
----------
data : ndarray
Data to be uploaded
offset: int
Offset in buffer where to start copying data (in bytes)
copy: bool
Since the operation is deferred, data may change befo... |
Set data (deferred operation)
Parameters
----------
data : ndarray
Data to be uploaded
copy: bool
Since the operation is deferred, data may change before
data is actually uploaded to GPU memory.
Asking explicitly for a copy will prevent th... |
GLSL declaration strings required for a variable to hold this data.
def glsl_type(self):
""" GLSL declaration strings required for a variable to hold this data.
"""
if self.dtype is None:
return None
dtshape = self.dtype[0].shape
n = dtshape[0] if dtshape else 1
... |
Resize the buffer (in-place, deferred operation)
Parameters
----------
size : integer
New buffer size in bytes
Notes
-----
This clears any pending operations.
def resize_bytes(self, size):
""" Resize the buffer (in-place, deferred operation)
... |
Compile all code and return a dict {name: code} where the keys
are determined by the keyword arguments passed to __init__().
Parameters
----------
pretty : bool
If True, use a slower method to mangle object names. This produces
GLSL that is more readable.
... |
Rename all objects quickly to guaranteed-unique names using the
id() of each object.
This produces mostly unreadable GLSL, but is about 10x faster to
compile.
def _rename_objects_fast(self):
""" Rename all objects quickly to guaranteed-unique names using the
id() of each object... |
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