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The XSRF-prevention token for the current user/session.
To prevent cross-site request forgery, we set an '_xsrf' cookie
and include the same '_xsrf' value as an argument with all POST
requests. If the two do not match, we reject the form submission
as a potential forgery.
See h... |
Read or generate the xsrf token in its raw form.
The raw_xsrf_token is a tuple containing:
* version: the version of the cookie from which this token was read,
or None if we generated a new token in this request.
* token: the raw token data; random (non-ascii) bytes.
* timest... |
Convert a cookie string into a the tuple form returned by
_get_raw_xsrf_token.
def _decode_xsrf_token(
self, cookie: str
) -> Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[bytes], Optional[float]]:
"""Convert a cookie string into a the tuple form returned by
_get_raw_xsrf_token.
"""
... |
Verifies that the ``_xsrf`` cookie matches the ``_xsrf`` argument.
To prevent cross-site request forgery, we set an ``_xsrf``
cookie and include the same value as a non-cookie
field with all ``POST`` requests. If the two do not match, we
reject the form submission as a potential forgery... |
Returns a static URL for the given relative static file path.
This method requires you set the ``static_path`` setting in your
application (which specifies the root directory of your static
files).
This method returns a versioned url (by default appending
``?v=<signature>``), w... |
Raises an exception if the given app setting is not defined.
def require_setting(self, name: str, feature: str = "this feature") -> None:
"""Raises an exception if the given app setting is not defined."""
if not self.application.settings.get(name):
raise Exception(
"You must... |
Alias for `Application.reverse_url`.
def reverse_url(self, name: str, *args: Any) -> str:
"""Alias for `Application.reverse_url`."""
return self.application.reverse_url(name, *args) |
Computes the etag header to be used for this request.
By default uses a hash of the content written so far.
May be overridden to provide custom etag implementations,
or may return None to disable tornado's default etag support.
def compute_etag(self) -> Optional[str]:
"""Computes the ... |
Checks the ``Etag`` header against requests's ``If-None-Match``.
Returns ``True`` if the request's Etag matches and a 304 should be
returned. For example::
self.set_etag_header()
if self.check_etag_header():
self.set_status(304)
return
T... |
Executes this request with the given output transforms.
async def _execute(
self, transforms: List["OutputTransform"], *args: bytes, **kwargs: bytes
) -> None:
"""Executes this request with the given output transforms."""
self._transforms = transforms
try:
if self.reques... |
Override to customize logging of uncaught exceptions.
By default logs instances of `HTTPError` as warnings without
stack traces (on the ``tornado.general`` logger), and all
other exceptions as errors with stack traces (on the
``tornado.application`` logger).
.. versionadded:: 3... |
Starts an HTTP server for this application on the given port.
This is a convenience alias for creating an `.HTTPServer`
object and calling its listen method. Keyword arguments not
supported by `HTTPServer.listen <.TCPServer.listen>` are passed to the
`.HTTPServer` constructor. For adv... |
Appends the given handlers to our handler list.
Host patterns are processed sequentially in the order they were
added. All matching patterns will be considered.
def add_handlers(self, host_pattern: str, host_handlers: _RuleList) -> None:
"""Appends the given handlers to our handler list.
... |
Returns `~.httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate` that can serve a request
for application and `RequestHandler` subclass.
:arg httputil.HTTPServerRequest request: current HTTP request.
:arg RequestHandler target_class: a `RequestHandler` class.
:arg dict target_kwargs: keyword arguments for ``ta... |
Returns a URL path for handler named ``name``
The handler must be added to the application as a named `URLSpec`.
Args will be substituted for capturing groups in the `URLSpec` regex.
They will be converted to strings if necessary, encoded as utf8,
and url-escaped.
def reverse_url(self... |
Writes a completed HTTP request to the logs.
By default writes to the python root logger. To change
this behavior either subclass Application and override this method,
or pass a function in the application settings dictionary as
``log_function``.
def log_request(self, handler: Request... |
Sets the ``Etag`` header based on static url version.
This allows efficient ``If-None-Match`` checks against cached
versions, and sends the correct ``Etag`` for a partial response
(i.e. the same ``Etag`` as the full file).
.. versionadded:: 3.1
def compute_etag(self) -> Optional[str]:... |
Sets the content and caching headers on the response.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
def set_headers(self) -> None:
"""Sets the content and caching headers on the response.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
self.set_header("Accept-Ranges", "bytes")
self.set_etag_header()
if se... |
Returns True if the headers indicate that we should return 304.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
def should_return_304(self) -> bool:
"""Returns True if the headers indicate that we should return 304.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
# If client sent If-None-Match, use it, ignore If-Modified-Si... |
Returns the absolute location of ``path`` relative to ``root``.
``root`` is the path configured for this `StaticFileHandler`
(in most cases the ``static_path`` `Application` setting).
This class method may be overridden in subclasses. By default
it returns a filesystem path, but other... |
Validate and return the absolute path.
``root`` is the configured path for the `StaticFileHandler`,
and ``path`` is the result of `get_absolute_path`
This is an instance method called during request processing,
so it may raise `HTTPError` or use methods like
`RequestHandler.red... |
Retrieve the content of the requested resource which is located
at the given absolute path.
This class method may be overridden by subclasses. Note that its
signature is different from other overridable class methods
(no ``settings`` argument); this is deliberate to ensure that
... |
Returns a version string for the resource at the given path.
This class method may be overridden by subclasses. The
default implementation is a hash of the file's contents.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
def get_content_version(cls, abspath: str) -> str:
"""Returns a version string for the re... |
Returns the time that ``self.absolute_path`` was last modified.
May be overridden in subclasses. Should return a `~datetime.datetime`
object or None.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
def get_modified_time(self) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
"""Returns the time that ``self.absolute_path`` was ... |
Returns the ``Content-Type`` header to be used for this request.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
def get_content_type(self) -> str:
"""Returns the ``Content-Type`` header to be used for this request.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
assert self.absolute_path is not None
mime_type, enco... |
Override to customize cache control behavior.
Return a positive number of seconds to make the result
cacheable for that amount of time or 0 to mark resource as
cacheable for an unspecified amount of time (subject to
browser heuristics).
By default returns cache expiry of 10 yea... |
Constructs a versioned url for the given path.
This method may be overridden in subclasses (but note that it
is a class method rather than an instance method). Subclasses
are only required to implement the signature
``make_static_url(cls, settings, path)``; other keyword
argume... |
Converts a static URL path into a filesystem path.
``url_path`` is the path component of the URL with
``static_url_prefix`` removed. The return value should be
filesystem path relative to ``static_path``.
This is the inverse of `make_static_url`.
def parse_url_path(self, url_path: st... |
Generate the version string to be used in static URLs.
``settings`` is the `Application.settings` dictionary and ``path``
is the relative location of the requested asset on the filesystem.
The returned value should be a string, or ``None`` if no version
could be determined.
.. ... |
Renders a template and returns it as a string.
def render_string(self, path: str, **kwargs: Any) -> bytes:
"""Renders a template and returns it as a string."""
return self.handler.render_string(path, **kwargs) |
Escapes a string so it is valid within HTML or XML.
Escapes the characters ``<``, ``>``, ``"``, ``'``, and ``&``.
When used in attribute values the escaped strings must be enclosed
in quotes.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
Added the single quote to the list of escaped characters.
def xhtml_escape(va... |
Un-escapes an XML-escaped string.
def xhtml_unescape(value: Union[str, bytes]) -> str:
"""Un-escapes an XML-escaped string."""
return re.sub(r"&(#?)(\w+?);", _convert_entity, _unicode(value)) |
Returns Python objects for the given JSON string.
Supports both `str` and `bytes` inputs.
def json_decode(value: Union[str, bytes]) -> Any:
"""Returns Python objects for the given JSON string.
Supports both `str` and `bytes` inputs.
"""
return json.loads(to_basestring(value)) |
Returns a URL-encoded version of the given value.
If ``plus`` is true (the default), spaces will be represented
as "+" instead of "%20". This is appropriate for query strings
but not for the path component of a URL. Note that this default
is the reverse of Python's urllib module.
.. versionadded... |
Decodes the given value from a URL.
The argument may be either a byte or unicode string.
If encoding is None, the result will be a byte string. Otherwise,
the result is a unicode string in the specified encoding.
If ``plus`` is true (the default), plus signs will be interpreted
as spaces (litera... |
Parses a query string like urlparse.parse_qs, but returns the
values as byte strings.
Keys still become type str (interpreted as latin1 in python3!)
because it's too painful to keep them as byte strings in
python3 and in practice they're nearly always ascii anyway.
def parse_qs_bytes(
qs: str, kee... |
Converts a string argument to a byte string.
If the argument is already a byte string or None, it is returned unchanged.
Otherwise it must be a unicode string and is encoded as utf8.
def utf8(value: Union[None, str, bytes]) -> Optional[bytes]: # noqa: F811
"""Converts a string argument to a byte string.
... |
Converts a string argument to a unicode string.
If the argument is already a unicode string or None, it is returned
unchanged. Otherwise it must be a byte string and is decoded as utf8.
def to_unicode(value: Union[None, str, bytes]) -> Optional[str]: # noqa: F811
"""Converts a string argument to a unico... |
Walks a simple data structure, converting byte strings to unicode.
Supports lists, tuples, and dictionaries.
def recursive_unicode(obj: Any) -> Any:
"""Walks a simple data structure, converting byte strings to unicode.
Supports lists, tuples, and dictionaries.
"""
if isinstance(obj, dict):
... |
Converts plain text into HTML with links.
For example: ``linkify("Hello http://tornadoweb.org!")`` would return
``Hello <a href="http://tornadoweb.org">http://tornadoweb.org</a>!``
Parameters:
* ``shorten``: Long urls will be shortened for display.
* ``extra_params``: Extra text to include in th... |
Returns the current thread's `IOLoop`.
If an `IOLoop` is currently running or has been marked as
current by `make_current`, returns that instance. If there is
no current `IOLoop` and ``instance`` is true, creates one.
.. versionchanged:: 4.1
Added ``instance`` argument to c... |
Clears the `IOLoop` for the current thread.
Intended primarily for use by test frameworks in between tests.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
This method also clears the current `asyncio` event loop.
def clear_current() -> None:
"""Clears the `IOLoop` for the current thread.
Intende... |
Registers the given handler to receive the given events for ``fd``.
The ``fd`` argument may either be an integer file descriptor or
a file-like object with a ``fileno()`` and ``close()`` method.
The ``events`` argument is a bitwise or of the constants
``IOLoop.READ``, ``IOLoop.WRITE``,... |
The IOLoop catches and logs exceptions, so it's
important that log output be visible. However, python's
default behavior for non-root loggers (prior to python
3.2) is to print an unhelpful "no handlers could be
found" message rather than the actual log entry, so we
must explicit... |
Starts the `IOLoop`, runs the given function, and stops the loop.
The function must return either an awaitable object or
``None``. If the function returns an awaitable object, the
`IOLoop` will run until the awaitable is resolved (and
`run_sync()` will return the awaitable's result). If... |
Runs the ``callback`` at the time ``deadline`` from the I/O loop.
Returns an opaque handle that may be passed to
`remove_timeout` to cancel.
``deadline`` may be a number denoting a time (on the same
scale as `IOLoop.time`, normally `time.time`), or a
`datetime.timedelta` object... |
Runs the ``callback`` after ``delay`` seconds have passed.
Returns an opaque handle that may be passed to `remove_timeout`
to cancel. Note that unlike the `asyncio` method of the same
name, the returned object does not have a ``cancel()`` method.
See `add_timeout` for comments on thre... |
Runs the ``callback`` at the absolute time designated by ``when``.
``when`` must be a number using the same reference point as
`IOLoop.time`.
Returns an opaque handle that may be passed to `remove_timeout`
to cancel. Note that unlike the `asyncio` method of the same
name, the ... |
Calls the given callback on the next IOLoop iteration.
As of Tornado 6.0, this method is equivalent to `add_callback`.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
def spawn_callback(self, callback: Callable, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
"""Calls the given callback on the next IOLoop iteration.
As o... |
Schedules a callback on the ``IOLoop`` when the given
`.Future` is finished.
The callback is invoked with one argument, the
`.Future`.
This method only accepts `.Future` objects and not other
awaitables (unlike most of Tornado where the two are
interchangeable).
def ad... |
Runs a function in a ``concurrent.futures.Executor``. If
``executor`` is ``None``, the IO loop's default executor will be used.
Use `functools.partial` to pass keyword arguments to ``func``.
.. versionadded:: 5.0
def run_in_executor(
self,
executor: Optional[concurrent.futures... |
Runs a callback with error handling.
.. versionchanged:: 6.0
CancelledErrors are no longer logged.
def _run_callback(self, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
"""Runs a callback with error handling.
.. versionchanged:: 6.0
CancelledErrors are no longer logged.
... |
Starts the timer.
def start(self) -> None:
"""Starts the timer."""
# Looking up the IOLoop here allows to first instantiate the
# PeriodicCallback in another thread, then start it using
# IOLoop.add_callback().
self.io_loop = IOLoop.current()
self._running = True
... |
Stops the timer.
def stop(self) -> None:
"""Stops the timer."""
self._running = False
if self._timeout is not None:
self.io_loop.remove_timeout(self._timeout)
self._timeout = None |
Concatenate url and arguments regardless of whether
url has existing query parameters.
``args`` may be either a dictionary or a list of key-value pairs
(the latter allows for multiple values with the same key.
>>> url_concat("http://example.com/foo", dict(c="d"))
'http://example.com/foo?c=d'
>... |
Parses a Range header.
Returns either ``None`` or tuple ``(start, end)``.
Note that while the HTTP headers use inclusive byte positions,
this method returns indexes suitable for use in slices.
>>> start, end = _parse_request_range("bytes=1-2")
>>> start, end
(1, 3)
>>> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4][star... |
Returns a suitable Content-Range header:
>>> print(_get_content_range(None, 1, 4))
bytes 0-0/4
>>> print(_get_content_range(1, 3, 4))
bytes 1-2/4
>>> print(_get_content_range(None, None, 4))
bytes 0-3/4
def _get_content_range(start: Optional[int], end: Optional[int], total: int) -> str:
""... |
Parses a form request body.
Supports ``application/x-www-form-urlencoded`` and
``multipart/form-data``. The ``content_type`` parameter should be
a string and ``body`` should be a byte string. The ``arguments``
and ``files`` parameters are dictionaries that will be updated
with the parsed contents... |
Parses a ``multipart/form-data`` body.
The ``boundary`` and ``data`` parameters are both byte strings.
The dictionaries given in the arguments and files parameters
will be updated with the contents of the body.
.. versionchanged:: 5.1
Now recognizes non-ASCII filenames in RFC 2231/5987
... |
Formats a timestamp in the format used by HTTP.
The argument may be a numeric timestamp as returned by `time.time`,
a time tuple as returned by `time.gmtime`, or a `datetime.datetime`
object.
>>> format_timestamp(1359312200)
'Sun, 27 Jan 2013 18:43:20 GMT'
def format_timestamp(
ts: Union[int,... |
Returns a (method, path, version) tuple for an HTTP 1.x request line.
The response is a `collections.namedtuple`.
>>> parse_request_start_line("GET /foo HTTP/1.1")
RequestStartLine(method='GET', path='/foo', version='HTTP/1.1')
def parse_request_start_line(line: str) -> RequestStartLine:
"""Returns a... |
Returns a (version, code, reason) tuple for an HTTP 1.x response line.
The response is a `collections.namedtuple`.
>>> parse_response_start_line("HTTP/1.1 200 OK")
ResponseStartLine(version='HTTP/1.1', code=200, reason='OK')
def parse_response_start_line(line: str) -> ResponseStartLine:
"""Returns a ... |
r"""Parse a Content-type like header.
Return the main content-type and a dictionary of options.
>>> d = "form-data; foo=\"b\\\\a\\\"r\"; file*=utf-8''T%C3%A4st"
>>> ct, d = _parse_header(d)
>>> ct
'form-data'
>>> d['file'] == r'T\u00e4st'.encode('ascii').decode('unicode_escape')
True
>... |
Inverse of _parse_header.
>>> _encode_header('permessage-deflate',
... {'client_max_window_bits': 15, 'client_no_context_takeover': None})
'permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits=15; client_no_context_takeover'
def _encode_header(key: str, pdict: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
"""Inverse of _parse_he... |
Encodes a username/password pair in the format used by HTTP auth.
The return value is a byte string in the form ``username:password``.
.. versionadded:: 5.1
def encode_username_password(
username: Union[str, bytes], password: Union[str, bytes]
) -> bytes:
"""Encodes a username/password pair in the fo... |
Returns ``(host, port)`` tuple from ``netloc``.
Returned ``port`` will be ``None`` if not present.
.. versionadded:: 4.1
def split_host_and_port(netloc: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[int]]:
"""Returns ``(host, port)`` tuple from ``netloc``.
Returned ``port`` will be ``None`` if not present.
.. ve... |
Generator converting a result of ``parse_qs`` back to name-value pairs.
.. versionadded:: 5.0
def qs_to_qsl(qs: Dict[str, List[AnyStr]]) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, AnyStr]]:
"""Generator converting a result of ``parse_qs`` back to name-value pairs.
.. versionadded:: 5.0
"""
for k, vs in qs.items():
... |
Handle double quotes and escaping in cookie values.
This method is copied verbatim from the Python 3.5 standard
library (http.cookies._unquote) so we don't have to depend on
non-public interfaces.
def _unquote_cookie(s: str) -> str:
"""Handle double quotes and escaping in cookie values.
This meth... |
Parse a ``Cookie`` HTTP header into a dict of name/value pairs.
This function attempts to mimic browser cookie parsing behavior;
it specifically does not follow any of the cookie-related RFCs
(because browsers don't either).
The algorithm used is identical to that used by Django version 1.9.10.
.... |
Adds a new value for the given key.
def add(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
"""Adds a new value for the given key."""
norm_name = _normalized_headers[name]
self._last_key = norm_name
if norm_name in self:
self._dict[norm_name] = (
native_str(self[norm_n... |
Returns all values for the given header as a list.
def get_list(self, name: str) -> List[str]:
"""Returns all values for the given header as a list."""
norm_name = _normalized_headers[name]
return self._as_list.get(norm_name, []) |
Returns an iterable of all (name, value) pairs.
If a header has multiple values, multiple pairs will be
returned with the same name.
def get_all(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, str]]:
"""Returns an iterable of all (name, value) pairs.
If a header has multiple values, multiple pairs will ... |
Updates the dictionary with a single header line.
>>> h = HTTPHeaders()
>>> h.parse_line("Content-Type: text/html")
>>> h.get('content-type')
'text/html'
def parse_line(self, line: str) -> None:
"""Updates the dictionary with a single header line.
>>> h = HTTPHeaders()... |
Returns a dictionary from HTTP header text.
>>> h = HTTPHeaders.parse("Content-Type: text/html\\r\\nContent-Length: 42\\r\\n")
>>> sorted(h.items())
[('Content-Length', '42'), ('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
.. versionchanged:: 5.1
Raises `HTTPInputError` on malformed header... |
A dictionary of ``http.cookies.Morsel`` objects.
def cookies(self) -> Dict[str, http.cookies.Morsel]:
"""A dictionary of ``http.cookies.Morsel`` objects."""
if not hasattr(self, "_cookies"):
self._cookies = http.cookies.SimpleCookie()
if "Cookie" in self.headers:
... |
Returns the amount of time it took for this request to execute.
def request_time(self) -> float:
"""Returns the amount of time it took for this request to execute."""
if self._finish_time is None:
return time.time() - self._start_time
else:
return self._finish_time - sel... |
Returns the client's SSL certificate, if any.
To use client certificates, the HTTPServer's
`ssl.SSLContext.verify_mode` field must be set, e.g.::
ssl_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
ssl_ctx.load_cert_chain("foo.crt", "foo.key")
ssl_ctx.load... |
Creates listening sockets bound to the given port and address.
Returns a list of socket objects (multiple sockets are returned if
the given address maps to multiple IP addresses, which is most common
for mixed IPv4 and IPv6 use).
Address may be either an IP address or hostname. If it's a hostname,
... |
Adds an `.IOLoop` event handler to accept new connections on ``sock``.
When a connection is accepted, ``callback(connection, address)`` will
be run (``connection`` is a socket object, and ``address`` is the
address of the other end of the connection). Note that this signature
is different from the ``c... |
Returns ``True`` if the given string is a well-formed IP address.
Supports IPv4 and IPv6.
def is_valid_ip(ip: str) -> bool:
"""Returns ``True`` if the given string is a well-formed IP address.
Supports IPv4 and IPv6.
"""
if not ip or "\x00" in ip:
# getaddrinfo resolves empty strings to l... |
Try to convert an ``ssl_options`` dictionary to an
`~ssl.SSLContext` object.
The ``ssl_options`` dictionary contains keywords to be passed to
`ssl.wrap_socket`. In Python 2.7.9+, `ssl.SSLContext` objects can
be used instead. This function converts the dict form to its
`~ssl.SSLContext` equivalent... |
Returns an ``ssl.SSLSocket`` wrapping the given socket.
``ssl_options`` may be either an `ssl.SSLContext` object or a
dictionary (as accepted by `ssl_options_to_context`). Additional
keyword arguments are passed to ``wrap_socket`` (either the
`~ssl.SSLContext` method or the `ssl` module function as
... |
Decorator to run a synchronous method asynchronously on an executor.
The decorated method may be called with a ``callback`` keyword
argument and returns a future.
The executor to be used is determined by the ``executor``
attributes of ``self``. To use a different attribute name, pass a
keyword arg... |
Chain two futures together so that when one completes, so does the other.
The result (success or failure) of ``a`` will be copied to ``b``, unless
``b`` has already been completed or cancelled by the time ``a`` finishes.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
Now accepts both Tornado/asyncio `Future` objects and... |
Set the given ``exc`` as the `Future`'s exception.
If the Future is already canceled, logs the exception instead. If
this logging is not desired, the caller should explicitly check
the state of the Future and call ``Future.set_exception`` instead of
this wrapper.
Avoids ``asyncio.InvalidStateError... |
Set the given ``exc_info`` as the `Future`'s exception.
Understands both `asyncio.Future` and the extensions in older
versions of Tornado to enable better tracebacks on Python 2.
.. versionadded:: 5.0
.. versionchanged:: 6.0
If the future is already cancelled, this function is a no-op.
... |
Arrange to call ``callback`` when ``future`` is complete.
``callback`` is invoked with one argument, the ``future``.
If ``future`` is already done, ``callback`` is invoked immediately.
This may differ from the behavior of ``Future.add_done_callback``,
which makes no such guarantee.
.. versionadde... |
Transform whitespace in ``text`` according to ``mode``.
Available modes are:
* ``all``: Return all whitespace unmodified.
* ``single``: Collapse consecutive whitespace with a single whitespace
character, preserving newlines.
* ``oneline``: Collapse all runs of whitespace into a single space
... |
Generate this template with the given arguments.
def generate(self, **kwargs: Any) -> bytes:
"""Generate this template with the given arguments."""
namespace = {
"escape": escape.xhtml_escape,
"xhtml_escape": escape.xhtml_escape,
"url_escape": escape.url_escape,
... |
Loads a template.
def load(self, name: str, parent_path: str = None) -> Template:
"""Loads a template."""
name = self.resolve_path(name, parent_path=parent_path)
with self.lock:
if name not in self.templates:
self.templates[name] = self._create_template(name)
... |
Decorator for asynchronous generators.
For compatibility with older versions of Python, coroutines may
also "return" by raising the special exception `Return(value)
<Return>`.
Functions with this decorator return a `.Future`.
.. warning::
When exceptions occur inside a coroutine, the exce... |
Runs multiple asynchronous operations in parallel.
``children`` may either be a list or a dict whose values are
yieldable objects. ``multi()`` returns a new yieldable
object that resolves to a parallel structure containing their
results. If ``children`` is a list, the result is a list of
results in... |
Wait for multiple asynchronous futures in parallel.
Since Tornado 6.0, this function is exactly the same as `multi`.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
.. versionchanged:: 4.2
If multiple ``Futures`` fail, any exceptions after the first (which is
raised) will be logged. Added the ``quiet_exceptions``
... |
Converts ``x`` into a `.Future`.
If ``x`` is already a `.Future`, it is simply returned; otherwise
it is wrapped in a new `.Future`. This is suitable for use as
``result = yield gen.maybe_future(f())`` when you don't know whether
``f()`` returns a `.Future` or not.
.. deprecated:: 4.3
This... |
Wraps a `.Future` (or other yieldable object) in a timeout.
Raises `tornado.util.TimeoutError` if the input future does not
complete before ``timeout``, which may be specified in any form
allowed by `.IOLoop.add_timeout` (i.e. a `datetime.timedelta` or
an absolute time relative to `.IOLoop.time`)
... |
Return a `.Future` that resolves after the given number of seconds.
When used with ``yield`` in a coroutine, this is a non-blocking
analogue to `time.sleep` (which should not be used in coroutines
because it is blocking)::
yield gen.sleep(0.5)
Note that calling this function on its own does n... |
Convert a yielded object into a `.Future`.
The default implementation accepts lists, dictionaries, and
Futures. This has the side effect of starting any coroutines that
did not start themselves, similar to `asyncio.ensure_future`.
If the `~functools.singledispatch` library is available, this function
... |
Returns a `.Future` that will yield the next available result.
Note that this `.Future` will not be the same object as any of
the inputs.
def next(self) -> Future:
"""Returns a `.Future` that will yield the next available result.
Note that this `.Future` will not be the same object as... |
Starts or resumes the generator, running until it reaches a
yield point that is not ready.
def run(self) -> None:
"""Starts or resumes the generator, running until it reaches a
yield point that is not ready.
"""
if self.running or self.finished:
return
try:
... |
Append the given piece of data (should be a buffer-compatible object).
def append(self, data: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]) -> None:
"""
Append the given piece of data (should be a buffer-compatible object).
"""
size = len(data)
if size > self._large_buf_threshold:
... |
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