id stringlengths 12 12 | prompt stringlengths 4.58k 8.49k | chosen listlengths 1 5 | rejected listlengths 8 16 |
|---|---|---|---|
train_t00023 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "d0f6d106-d1d7-4d7b-9045-0e81ad09d3c3",
"term": "INJUNCTIONS",
"definition": "Legal orders issued by a court requiring a party to perform a specific act or refrain from a specific behavior."
}
] | [
{
"concept_id": "r4303",
"term": "SPATIAL GOVERNANCE",
"definition": "The use of legal and physical boundaries to regulate behavior and manage specific populations within a defined geographic area."
},
{
"concept_id": "r0807",
"term": "CRIMINALIZATION OF POVERTY",
"definition": "The proc... |
train_t00007 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "72a39843-2079-400b-a817-f43d62770324",
"term": "TELEVISION AND RADIO INDUSTRY",
"definition": "Economic sector within the communication industry comprising enterprises engaged in the production and broadcasting of audio and video content."
}
] | [
{
"concept_id": "r3920",
"term": "SOCIAL COHESION",
"definition": "The bonds or 'invisible threads' that integrate members of a society, characterized by shared values, mutual trust, and a sense of belonging to a common community."
},
{
"concept_id": "r2015",
"term": "IMAGINED COMMUNITIES",
... |
train_t00010 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "a6cfaa53-cc09-44f0-9d99-e5b8b0bb7362",
"term": "YOUTH CLUBS",
"definition": "Formal or semi-formal associations providing social, recreational, and cultural activities specifically designed for young people outside of a school setting."
}
] | [
{
"concept_id": "r0208",
"term": "AUSTERITY",
"definition": "A set of political-economic policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts and benefit reductions, often leading to the withdrawal of public services."
},
{
"concept_id": "r5008",
"term": "THIRD PLACE"... |
train_t00014 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "4cee8e8b-4dcd-46d2-a9a1-57c6de686ac4",
"term": "AUDIENCE RESEARCH",
"definition": "Systematic study of media consumers, focusing on their composition, behavior, and reactions to content."
},
{
"concept_id": "0029c2b1-fe47-47bd-86b9-0ad6099de70b",
"term": "LISTENING",
"de... | [
{
"concept_id": "r0205",
"term": "AUDIENCE FRAGMENTATION",
"definition": "The process by which a large, homogeneous mass audience splits into smaller, specialized segments due to the proliferation of media channels and platforms."
},
{
"concept_id": "r0202",
"term": "ATTENTION ECONOMY",
... |
train_t00001 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "e67b63bc-a155-4743-baad-8f7fabedb15f",
"term": "FUEL OILS",
"definition": "Liquid petroleum products derived from crude oil distillation, primarily used for heating homes or generating power in internal combustion engines."
}
] | [
{
"concept_id": "r1426",
"term": "ENERGY POVERTY",
"definition": "A situation where a household is unable to access or afford the basic energy services required to maintain a healthy and comfortable living environment."
},
{
"concept_id": "r3155",
"term": "PATH DEPENDENCY",
"definition":... |
train_t00036 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "9a463bca-b37a-4d2c-9614-6e34639b111a",
"term": "EUROPEAN UNION LAW",
"definition": "The body of treaties, legislation, and court judgments that operates alongside and supersedes the national laws of European Union member states."
}
] | [
{
"concept_id": "r0117",
"term": "ALGORITHMIC MANAGEMENT",
"definition": "The use of algorithms, data collection, and surveillance (such as GPS tracking and performance metrics) to automate the supervision, evaluation, and control of a workforce."
},
{
"concept_id": "r2887",
"term": "MULTI-L... |
train_t00030 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "8072c68b-b158-4735-b046-dd3412988da8",
"term": "GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION",
"definition": "This term excludes physical geography and cultural geography."
}
] | [
{
"concept_id": "r3997",
"term": "SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH",
"definition": "The non-medical factors, such as socioeconomic status and environment, that influence health outcomes and life expectancy disparities between different populations."
},
{
"concept_id": "r4304",
"term": "SPATIAL ... |
train_t00028 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "41f9b6c1-1bba-488e-8873-ab1dd8ef5f4a",
"term": "HIRE PURCHASE",
"definition": "A credit system where a buyer pays for goods in installments while using them, obtaining ownership only upon final payment."
},
{
"concept_id": "c14000ee-71e6-4d3a-bf79-e848be508265",
"term": "CRE... | [
{
"concept_id": "r1633",
"term": "FINANCIALIZATION OF THE EVERYDAY",
"definition": "The process by which financial markets, motives, and institutions increasingly penetrate the domestic sphere and govern the daily survival strategies of households."
},
{
"concept_id": "r3334",
"term": "PRECA... |
train_t00018 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "b3312d7f-0305-4c07-8055-5f0c85e2ca7a",
"term": "ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING",
"definition": "The strategic process of managing land use and development to balance human needs with the preservation of natural systems."
}
] | [
{
"concept_id": "r5164",
"term": "URBAN GROWTH MACHINE",
"definition": "A conceptualization of the city as a coalition of elite stakeholders who prioritize intensive land development and the maximization of property values to drive economic growth."
},
{
"concept_id": "r3698",
"term": "RISK ... |
train_t00029 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "a3f03223-300c-472f-b5a9-df2664e82fdc",
"term": "LAWYERS",
"definition": "Professionals licensed to practice law, responsible for advising clients on legal rights, drafting documents, and representing parties in judicial proceedings."
},
{
"concept_id": "28b7efe0-dab5-4b50-9fb9-5... | [
{
"concept_id": "r3522",
"term": "RATIONALIZATION",
"definition": "The process by which social structures and processes are increasingly organized around principles of efficiency, predictability, and calculability, replacing traditional or emotional motivations."
},
{
"concept_id": "r3423",
... |
train_t00034 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "dae617dc-6bae-4c8e-807b-040ee3ae359e",
"term": "ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES",
"definition": "The organizational frameworks and hierarchical arrangements established to manage institutions, distinct from the personnel or the act of administration itself."
}
] | [
{
"concept_id": "r0331",
"term": "BUREAUCRACY",
"definition": "A formal organizational structure characterized by a clear hierarchy of authority, specialized division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonal relationships."
},
{
"concept_id": "r3522",
"term": "RATIONALIZATION",
"definiti... |
train_t00027 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "19ea0200-c88a-49eb-b007-d73c1039c206",
"term": "ELECTRONIC COMMERCE",
"definition": "Any commercial activity carried out over the internet. this can be via email, websites, instant messaging, ftp, etc."
},
{
"concept_id": "3f61cbd7-8107-4d96-91a2-63cb787ebeb7",
"term": "INTE... | [
{
"concept_id": "r1135",
"term": "DIGITAL DIVIDE",
"definition": "The gap between individuals, households, and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels regarding their opportunities to access information and communication technologies."
},
{
"concept_id": "r4304",
"term": "SPATIAL... |
train_t00022 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "a429f4ca-5e5a-42d9-af38-e4be92cb2e74",
"term": "MIDDLE CLASS",
"definition": "A socioeconomic stratum positioned between the working and upper classes, typically characterized by professional occupation, educational attainment, and economic stability."
},
{
"concept_id": "6118db... | [
{
"concept_id": "r1046",
"term": "DEMOCRATIZATION",
"definition": "The transition from an authoritarian or centralized political regime toward a more representative and participatory democratic system."
},
{
"concept_id": "r2859",
"term": "MODERNIZATION THEORY",
"definition": "The sociol... |
train_t00012 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "4b7b29d8-4044-420f-8e13-9115a98b7918",
"term": "ACCOUNTANTS",
"definition": "Professionals responsible for the systematic recording, reporting, and analysis of financial transactions and the management of financial records."
},
{
"concept_id": "583b810d-872b-4171-bad2-a4cc389036... | [
{
"concept_id": "r3997",
"term": "SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH",
"definition": "The non-medical factors, such as employment conditions and work environment, that influence individual and group differences in health status."
},
{
"concept_id": "r1407",
"term": "EMOTIONAL LABOR",
"definit... |
train_t00038 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "9a463bca-b37a-4d2c-9614-6e34639b111a",
"term": "EUROPEAN UNION LAW",
"definition": "The body of treaties, legislation, and court judgments that operates alongside and supersedes the national laws of European Union member states."
},
{
"concept_id": "7ddf3b43-9ddd-4346-99b6-8dbb1... | [
{
"concept_id": "r4547",
"term": "SUPRANATIONALISM",
"definition": "A governance model where power is delegated to an authority that stands above the nation-state, capable of making decisions that are binding on member states and their citizens."
},
{
"concept_id": "r2235",
"term": "INSTITUT... |
train_t00024 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "8f14ea05-edf8-4ade-aa45-bddbdbc5b2b7",
"term": "STUDENT LOANS",
"definition": "Financial agreements where funds are borrowed specifically to cover the costs of higher education, requiring repayment with interest."
},
{
"concept_id": "57415cdf-bec3-453c-a4ff-865f04fa3858",
"t... | [
{
"concept_id": "r2687",
"term": "MARKETIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION",
"definition": "The policy of introducing market forces, competition, and private sector management techniques into the university system, treating institutions as businesses and students as consumers."
},
{
"concept_id": "r058... |
train_t00013 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "8a98fc96-6a3c-443e-a837-40b9094896fb",
"term": "VILLAGE LIFE",
"definition": "Sociological patterns, cultural practices, and daily interactions characterizing human existence within small, close-knit rural settlements."
},
{
"concept_id": "6a86b5a6-9af9-4fd1-b133-f9b1e98484bc",
... | [
{
"concept_id": "r2699",
"term": "MATERIAL CULTURE",
"definition": "The physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture and which carry social meaning beyond their utilitarian function."
},
{
"concept_id": "r0568",
"term": "COLLECTIVE MEMORY",
"definition"... |
train_t00004 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "00dd4e8d-0b6d-4f40-af0a-5d6b70c7d0f1",
"term": "CUSTOMS POLICY",
"definition": "Government regulations and procedures governing the entry and exit of goods across national borders, including tariffs and duties."
},
{
"concept_id": "665b26c9-2c75-4c4f-a0f6-847b227a4f28",
"ter... | [
{
"concept_id": "r0756",
"term": "CORE-PERIPHERY DYNAMICS",
"definition": "A model of economic and social organization where 'core' regions dominate and exploit 'peripheral' regions; seen here in the 'North' being described as a 'satellite' to the economic power of London or global hubs."
},
{
"... |
train_t00017 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "8707e918-9059-4586-8143-07f020b752b0",
"term": "HISTORY EDUCATION",
"definition": "The pedagogical field focused on teaching and learning about past human events, historical analysis, and the interpretation of evidence."
},
{
"concept_id": "6c2e989f-e9f6-49dc-87c5-134d9454f905",... | [
{
"concept_id": "r2315",
"term": "INSTRUMENTAL RATIONALITY",
"definition": "A mode of thought and action that prioritizes efficiency, technical calculation, and the achievement of specific goals over values, traditions, or emotions."
},
{
"concept_id": "r4131",
"term": "SOCIAL REPRODUCTION",... |
train_t00015 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "6214d463-b10b-44b4-bc8f-7c8274e25969",
"term": "ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION",
"definition": "The active management and protection of natural resources, ecosystems, and biodiversity to prevent degradation and ensure long-term sustainability."
},
{
"concept_id": "2b652e65-3aa2-4ef8... | [
{
"concept_id": "r5074",
"term": "TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS",
"definition": "A situation where individual users, acting independently according to their own self-interest, behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling a shared resource through their collective action."
},
{
... |
train_t00003 | Read the following text and identify all sociological concepts that are implicitly embedded in it. The text does not use academic terminology directly — concepts are expressed through situations, evidence, arguments, and social dynamics. For each concept, provide its term and a brief definition.
Output a JSON array: [... | [
{
"concept_id": "8f49ef6d-dd26-4e47-b964-0d0abd9c2f47",
"term": "SNAP ELECTIONS",
"definition": "An election called earlier than expected. [Note: DO NOT CONFUSE WITH 'BY-ELECTIONS', WHICH ARE SPECIAL ELECTIONS HELD BETWEEN REGULAR ELECTIONS IN ORDER TO FILL A VACANCY.]"
},
{
"concept_id": "2a375... | [
{
"concept_id": "r3259",
"term": "POLITICAL LEGITIMACY",
"definition": "The popular acceptance and recognition by a public of the right of a governing regime or leader to exercise authority."
},
{
"concept_id": "r3518",
"term": "RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY",
"definition": "A framework for und... |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
ELSST Track2: Open Knowledge Discovery
ELSST Track2 evaluates whether a model can read the same long synthetic passage used in Track1 and generate the latent ELSST concepts as a semantic set. The target is a small concept set, not a free-form explanation. Models must recover implicit concepts that are grounded in the passage but not always directly named.
This card is the authoritative task description for the generation track. The companion retrieval track is described in track1/README.md. The reference code lives in ZeqiangWangAI/elsst-benchmark-baselines.
Task
Given a passage-level prompt, output the hidden concepts as a short semantic set.
- Train and validation expose
chosengold concepts andrejecteddistractors for post-training and evaluation. test_input.jsonlexposes onlyidandprompt.- Public sample identifiers are release-safe IDs of the form
split_legacy_id, aligned one-to-one with Track1.
Splits
| Split | File | Rows | Labels exposed |
|---|---|---|---|
| train | train.jsonl |
2,985 | Yes |
| val | val.jsonl |
756 | Yes |
| test | test_input.jsonl |
1,911 | No |
| pool | reject_concept_pool.json |
5,342 concepts | Distractor pool |
Schema
train.jsonl and val.jsonl
{
"id": "val_v00029",
"prompt": "Find the hidden concepts ...",
"chosen": [
{"concept_id": "...", "term": "...", "definition": "..."}
],
"rejected": [
{"concept_id": "...", "term": "...", "definition": "..."}
]
}
test_input.jsonl
{
"id": "test_t00009",
"prompt": "Find the hidden concepts ..."
}
Evaluation
The reference evaluator reports:
parse_ratejson_parse_rateaverage_predicted_terms- exact
precision,recall,f1 - semantic-set
precision,recall,f1
Semantic-set matching uses BERTScore-based alignment with tau = 0.85 in the baseline code.
Data Design And Quality
The corpus is fully synthetic and was generated for benchmark construction. No real personal data is included.
Observed passage-length statistics in the underlying released corpus:
| Split | Min | Median | Max |
|---|---|---|---|
| train | 629 | 894 | 1,177 |
| val | 672 | 889.5 | 1,130 |
| test | 675 | 896 | 1,154 |
Prompt and supervision properties in the released Track2 source:
- prompt templates in train source:
1 - chosen concept counts:
{1: 605, 2: 598, 3: 579, 4: 613, 5: 590} - rejected concept counts in train source:
{8: 7, 9: 20, 10: 1302, 11: 340, 12: 1170, 13: 51, 14: 77, 15: 17, 16: 1} - rejected concept counts in validation export:
{11: 756} - validation reject-pool consistency violations in this release:
0
Release Notes
Release date: March 29, 2026.
- Public IDs were normalized to
train_*,val_*, andtest_*, shared with Track1. - The DPO negative-sampling seed in the reference code was decoupled from
row["id"]and moved to a stable content signature so public ID normalization no longer changes training pair construction.
Baseline Status
The reference generation stack lives in ZeqiangWangAI/elsst-benchmark-baselines.
- nominal base model:
Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B - recommended training path:
train_sft->train_dpo - legacy path retained for compatibility:
train_orpo
Citation
If you use Track2, cite this benchmark release together with the companion Track1 card so the full task definition is preserved.
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