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A 65-year-old female presents to the emergency department with acute onset epigastric pain and diaphoresis for the past hour. The pain radiates to her jaw. She also reports feeling lightheaded and nauseous. She has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Her blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg, heart rate is 100 bpm... | Acute Coronary Syndrome |
A 65-year-old female presents to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset, severe substernal chest pain radiating to her left arm and jaw. The pain began about 30 minutes ago while she was gardening. She describes the pain as a crushing pressure. She also reports shortness of breath and nausea. She denies... | Myocardial infarction |
A 75-year-old male presents with complaints of increasing shortness of breath with exertion and occasional lightheadedness over the past six months. He denies chest pain. He reports fatigue limiting his daily activities. His blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, heart rate is 80 bpm, respiratory rate is 16 breaths per minu... | Aortic stenosis |
A 45-year-old woman presents with increasing shortness of breath, particularly when lying down, and occasional palpitations. She also reports waking up gasping for air a few times over the past month. She denies chest pain or coughing up blood. Her symptoms have been gradually worsening over the past year. She has ... | Mitral stenosis |
A 65-year-old female presents to the emergency department with acute onset shortness of breath and cough. She reports the shortness of breath is worse when lying down. She also complains of chest pain radiating to her left arm. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg, heart rate of 120 bpm, respir... | Mitral regurgitation |
A 28-year-old female presents to the clinic complaining of palpitations and atypical chest pain for the past 6 months. She describes the pain as a sharp, non-radiating discomfort in the left chest, unrelated to exertion. She also reports occasional episodes of lightheadedness, but denies syncope. She has no signific... | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
A 65-year-old woman presents with increasing fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion over the past 6 months. She also notes some swelling in her ankles that has worsened over the same period. She denies chest pain, fever, or cough. Her blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, heart rate is 80 beats per minute and regular,... | Tricuspid stenosis |
A 55-year-old female presents with increasing shortness of breath and fatigue over the past 6 months. She also notes swelling in her ankles that is worse in the evenings. She denies chest pain but reports some abdominal discomfort and fullness. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, heart rate 95 bpm and r... | Tricuspid regurgitation |
A 6-year-old boy presents with increasing fatigue and shortness of breath when playing with his friends. His mother reports he can no longer keep up with the other children during activities. He has no history of chest pain or syncope. Physical examination reveals a harsh systolic ejection murmur heard best at the le... | Pulmonary stenosis |
A 25-year-old male with a history of Tetralogy of Fallot repair in childhood presents with progressive exertional dyspnea and decreased exercise tolerance over the past year. He denies chest pain but reports occasional palpitations and lightheadedness. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg, hear... | Pulmonary regurgitation |
A 12-year-old female presents with shortness of breath on exertion and occasional palpitations. She reports a sore throat about a month ago that resolved without treatment. Vital signs: Blood pressure 100/60 mmHg, heart rate 95 bpm, respiratory rate 20 breaths/min, temperature 98.6°F (37°C). Physical examination reve... | Rheumatic heart disease |
A 55-year-old male presents with increasing shortness of breath and fatigue over the past 6 months. He also reports waking up at night gasping for air. He denies chest pain. His blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, heart rate is 95 bpm and regular, respiratory rate is 20 breaths per minute, and temperature is 98.6°F. Phys... | Dilated cardiomyopathy |
A 35-year-old male presents to the clinic complaining of occasional chest pain and shortness of breath, particularly during exercise. He also reports occasional palpitations and dizziness. He denies syncope. His father died suddenly at age 40 from an unknown cause. His blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg, heart rate is 88 ... | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
A 65-year-old woman presents with increasing shortness of breath and fatigue over the past 6 months. She also notes swelling in her ankles that worsens throughout the day. She denies chest pain. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, for which she takes lisinopril. Physical examination reveals a blood... | Restrictive cardiomyopathy |
A 25-year-old male presents to the emergency department with palpitations and lightheadedness that began suddenly while playing basketball. He reports a brief episode of syncope just prior to arrival. He denies chest pain or shortness of breath. His blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, heart rate is 110 bpm and regular, re... | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy |
A 75-year-old female presents to the emergency department with palpitations and dizziness for the past 24 hours. She also notes increased shortness of breath, especially with exertion. She denies chest pain. Her past medical history includes hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Physical examination reveals a blood pres... | Atrial fibrillation |
A 65-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of palpitations and shortness of breath for the past 2 hours. She also notes some lightheadedness but denies chest pain or syncope. She has a history of hypertension and hypothyroidism, both well-controlled with medication. Physical examination rev... | Atrial flutter |
A 25-year-old female presents to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset palpitations and dizziness. She describes the palpitations as "fluttering" in her chest. The episode began approximately 30 minutes ago and has been continuous. She denies chest pain, shortness of breath, or syncope. She has no sig... | Supraventricular tachycardia |
A 65-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease presents to the emergency department with palpitations and dizziness. He describes a sudden onset of rapid heartbeats about 30 minutes ago. He also feels lightheaded and short of breath. His blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, heart rate is 170 beats per minute ... | Ventricular tachycardia |
A 65-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease presents to the emergency department after collapsing at home. His wife witnessed the event and reports he clutched his chest before becoming unresponsive. On arrival, the patient is unresponsive and pulseless. His blood pressure is unobtainable, respirator... | Ventricular fibrillation |
A 75-year-old female presents to the clinic complaining of lightheadedness and near-syncope, especially when standing up quickly. These episodes have been occurring for the past few months and are becoming more frequent. She also reports increasing fatigue and difficulty completing her usual daily activities. She den... | Sick sinus syndrome |
A 65-year-old male presents to the clinic complaining of dizziness and lightheadedness, particularly upon standing. He reports occasional episodes of near-syncope but denies any loss of consciousness. He also notes decreased exercise tolerance over the past few months. His past medical history includes hypertension a... | First-degree atrioventricular |
A 15-year-old female presents to the emergency department after collapsing during a swim meet. She reports feeling lightheaded just before losing consciousness. She regained consciousness spontaneously within a minute. She denies any chest pain, palpitations, or shortness of breath. She has no significant past medi... | Long QT syndrome |
A 25-year-old male presents to the emergency department complaining of palpitations and dizziness that started suddenly about an hour ago. He denies any chest pain or shortness of breath. He reports a similar episode a year ago that resolved spontaneously. He has no significant medical history and takes no medications... | Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome |
A 35-year-old female presents with sharp, central chest pain that started two days ago. The pain worsens with deep breaths and lying down, but improves when she sits up and leans forward. She also reports pain radiating to her left trapezius ridge. She denies any recent illness or trauma. Her vital signs are: blood p... | Pericarditis |
A 55-year-old female presents to the emergency department with progressive shortness of breath and chest pain for the past week. The pain is sharp and worsens with deep breaths and lying down, but improves when sitting upright. She also reports fatigue and some swelling in her ankles. Her blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg,... | Pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade |
A 62-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents to the emergency department complaining of increasing shortness of breath and chest discomfort for the past 2 hours. He also reports feeling lightheaded. His symptoms began gradually and have worsened progressively. He denies any fever, cough, or recent traum... | Cardiac tamponade |
A 68-year-old male presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of severe lower back pain radiating to the abdomen. He describes the pain as a "ripping" sensation. He has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Physical examination reveals pallor, diaphoresis, and a palpable pulsatile mass in the midl... | Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm |
A 6-year-old boy presents with a chief complaint of coughing and wheezing, particularly at night. His mother reports that he has had similar episodes in the past, often triggered by cold air and exercise. These episodes typically resolve within a few hours. He has no fever. He has a history of eczema. Vital signs ... | Asthma |
A 65-year-old male presents with a chief complaint of increasing shortness of breath over the past 3 months. He reports a chronic cough with sputum production, which has worsened in the last week. He also notes wheezing and chest tightness, particularly with exertion. He has a 40-pack-year smoking history. His vital... | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
A 68-year-old male presents with a chief complaint of increasing shortness of breath over the past several years. He reports a chronic cough, productive of scant white sputum, and notes that his breathing difficulty is worse with exertion, especially when lifting objects. He denies fever, chills, or chest pain. He ha... | Emphysema |
A 55-year-old male presents with a persistent cough producing clear sputum for the past four months. He reports similar episodes occurring for the last three years, each lasting several months. He also complains of fatigue and occasional wheezing, particularly during exertion. He denies fever or chest pain. His vita... | Chronic Bronchitis |
A 45-year-old woman presents with a chronic cough productive of purulent sputum for the past several years. She reports increasing shortness of breath over the last few months and occasional episodes of blood-tinged sputum. She denies fever or chills. Vital signs: BP 120/80 mmHg, HR 88 bpm, RR 20 breaths/min, Temp 9... | Bronchiectasis |
A 3-year-old boy presents with a persistent cough, frequent lung infections, and difficulty gaining weight. His parents report he has had multiple episodes of pneumonia and bronchitis since infancy. He also has bulky, foul-smelling stools. Vital signs: Temperature 37.2°C, heart rate 110 bpm, respiratory rate 30 breat... | Cystic Fibrosis |
A 35-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a 3-day history of fever, chills, productive cough, and increasing shortness of breath. She reports pleuritic chest pain with deep breaths. Her vital signs are: temperature 39.2°C, heart rate 112 bpm, respiratory rate 28 breaths/min, blood pressure 110/70 ... | Bacterial Pneumonia |
A 35-year-old woman with a history of HIV, currently managed with antiretroviral therapy, presents with a 5-day history of progressively worsening cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. She initially experienced mild cold-like symptoms a week ago. Her temperature is 38.0°C, heart rate is 110 bpm, respiratory rate i... | Viral Pneumonia |
An 85-year-old female nursing home resident with a history of dementia and stroke presents with increased cough, fever, and shortness of breath over the past 3 days. She has a history of dysphagia and requires assistance with feeding. Her vital signs are: temperature 38.5°C, heart rate 105 bpm, respiratory rate 28 br... | Aspiration Pneumonia |
A 65-year-old male presents with a persistent cough and increasing shortness of breath over the past 3 months. He has also noticed some unintentional weight loss of about 10 pounds during this time. He denies fever, chills, or night sweats. He has a 40-pack-year smoking history and quit 5 years ago. His vital signs ... | Lung Cancer |
A 65-year-old male presents with a persistent cough and increasing shortness of breath over the past 8 weeks. He also reports unintentional weight loss of approximately 15 pounds during this period and has experienced recent episodes of hemoptysis. He has a 40-pack-year smoking history. His vital signs are: blood pre... | Small Cell Lung Cancer |
A 25-year-old female presents to the emergency department with sharp, localized right-sided chest pain that started suddenly earlier today. The pain worsens with deep breaths and coughing. She denies any recent trauma or illness. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 95 bpm, respiratory rate 24 b... | Pleurisy |
A 62-year-old female presents to the emergency department with increasing shortness of breath and a non-productive cough over the past week. She reports the shortness of breath is worse when lying down. She denies fever, chills, or chest pain. Her medical history includes hypertension and osteoarthritis. She is a f... | Pleural Effusion |
A 28-year-old male presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of sharp, right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath that began while playing basketball. The pain is worse with deep breaths. He appears to be in respiratory distress. His vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 95 bpm, resp... | Pneumothorax |
A 25-year-old male presents to the emergency department following a motor vehicle collision. He complains of severe left-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. His blood pressure is 85/50 mmHg, heart rate is 120 beats per minute, respiratory rate is 30 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. P... | Hemothorax |
A 45-year-old female presents with progressive shortness of breath and chest pressure for the past week. She reports decreased exercise tolerance and a non-productive cough. She denies fever, chills, or recent travel. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 90 bpm, respiratory rate 24 breaths/min... | Chylothorax |
A 55-year-old woman presents with increasing shortness of breath on exertion over the past 6 months. She also reports fatigue and occasional palpitations. She denies chest pain, cough, or fever. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg, heart rate of 90 bpm, respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min, an... | Pulmonary Hypertension |
A 65-year-old male presents with a progressive dry cough and increasing shortness of breath on exertion over the past 6 months. He also reports fatigue and unintentional weight loss of 10 lbs. He denies fever, chills, or recent illnesses. He has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, well-controlled with medic... | Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis |
A 35-year-old woman presents with a persistent dry cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath for the past 6 months. She also reports blurred vision in her right eye for the past few weeks. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 88 bpm, respiratory rate 18 breaths/min, and temperature 98.6°F (37°C).... | Sarcoidosis |
A 55-year-old male bird breeder presents with increasing shortness of breath and a dry cough over the past 3 months. He also reports fatigue and a 10-pound weight loss. He denies fever or chills. His vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 88 bpm, respiratory rate 22 breaths/min, temperature 98.6°F (3... | Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis |
A 60-year-old male, a former shipyard worker, presents with progressive shortness of breath and a nonproductive cough over the past 3 years. He denies fever, chills, or sputum production. He reports unintentional weight loss of 10 lbs in the last 6 months. His vital signs are: blood pressure 130/80 mmHg, heart rate ... | Asbestosis |
A 55-year-old male sandblaster presents with a progressive cough and increasing shortness of breath over the past year. He reports no fever, chills, or weight loss. He has a 30-pack-year smoking history. His vital signs are: BP 130/80 mmHg, HR 88 bpm, RR 24 breaths/min, Temp 98.6°F (37°C). Physical examination reve... | Silicosis |
A 55-year-old female presents to the emergency department with progressively worsening shortness of breath over the past 24 hours. She had a mild cough and runny nose for a few days prior. She now complains of difficulty breathing even at rest. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, heart rate 120 bpm, resp... | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
A 45-year-old male presents to the clinic complaining of excessive daytime sleepiness. His wife reports that he snores loudly and often gasps for air during sleep. He occasionally wakes up with headaches. He denies any chest pain or shortness of breath while awake. He has gained approximately 30 pounds over the past ... | Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
A 65-year-old man with a history of heart failure presents with complaints of fatigue and impaired concentration. He denies snoring but reports occasional morning headaches and poor sleep quality. He often wakes up during the night but doesn't feel excessively sleepy during the day. His blood pressure is 130/80 mmHg,... | Central Sleep Apnea |
A 25-year-old female presents to the clinic complaining of a cough, sore throat, and headache for the past 3 days. She also reports muscle aches and a runny nose. Her temperature is 100.4°F (38°C), pulse is 90 bpm, respirations are 18 breaths per minute, and blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Physical examination reveal... | Influenza |
A 32-year-old female archaeologist presents with a persistent cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath that has worsened over the past three weeks. She recently returned from a dig in the southwestern United States. She also reports experiencing night sweats and a low-grade fever. Her vital signs are: blood pressure ... | Coccidioidomycosis |
A 35-year-old male spelunker presents with a 2-week history of flu-like symptoms, including a nonproductive cough, mild chest pain, and night sweats. He initially thought he had a cold, but his symptoms have persisted. He denies any significant past medical history. His vital signs are: temperature 38.1°C, heart rate ... | Histoplasmosis |
A 35-year-old male presents with a persistent cough and fatigue for the past 6 weeks. He initially experienced flu-like symptoms which resolved after a few days, but the cough and fatigue have persisted. He denies fever, chills, or night sweats. He works as a landscaper in the Mississippi River Valley. His vital sig... | Blastomycosis |
A 45-year-old man presents with increasing shortness of breath and a chronic cough for the past 5 years. He reports no fever or chills. He has a history of smoking 1 pack per day for 20 years but quit 2 years ago. His vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 88 bpm, respiratory rate 24 breaths/min, temp... | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency |
A 7-month-old male infant presents with a 3-day history of cough, rhinorrhea, and low-grade fever. Over the past 24 hours, his cough has worsened, he has developed increased work of breathing with retractions, and he is feeding poorly. His temperature is 38.2°C (100.8°F), heart rate is 140 beats per minute, respirato... | Bronchiolitis |
A 45-year-old woman presents with a chief complaint of chronic cough and hoarseness for the past 6 months. She also reports experiencing occasional heartburn, especially after large meals or when lying down. She denies any difficulty swallowing. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 72 bpm, res... | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
A 65-year-old male presents with a 3-month history of progressive difficulty swallowing, initially with solid foods and now with liquids. He has also experienced unintentional weight loss of approximately 15 pounds during this time. He denies fever, chills, or recent illness. He reports occasional chest pain unrelat... | Esophageal Cancer |
A 45-year-old woman presents with a 6-month history of progressive difficulty swallowing, initially with solids and now with liquids as well. She also reports regurgitation of undigested food, particularly at night, leading to a cough. She has experienced unintentional weight loss of approximately 15 pounds. Her vit... | Achalasia |
A 55-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse presents to the emergency department with hematemesis. He reports feeling increasingly fatigued over the past few weeks and has noticed some abdominal swelling. His vital signs are: blood pressure 90/60 mmHg, heart rate 110 bpm, respiratory rate 20 breaths/min, and te... | Esophageal Varices |
A 35-year-old woman presents with epigastric pain, bloating, and nausea for the past two weeks. The pain is described as a burning sensation and is worse after eating. She also reports early satiety and postprandial fullness. She denies vomiting, fever, weight loss, or any change in bowel habits. Her vital signs are... | Gastritis |
A 45-year-old woman presents with a chief complaint of burning epigastric pain for the past 3 months. The pain often wakes her up at night and is somewhat relieved by eating. She also reports bloating and occasional nausea. She denies vomiting, weight loss, or changes in bowel habits. Her vital signs are: blood pres... | Peptic Ulcer Disease |
A 65-year-old male presents with persistent indigestion and early satiety for the past 3 months. He reports unintentional weight loss of approximately 10 lbs during this period. He also complains of increasing fatigue. His vital signs are: blood pressure 130/80 mmHg, heart rate 88 bpm, respiratory rate 16 breaths per... | Gastric Cancer |
A 55-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes presents with complaints of nausea, vomiting, and early satiety for the past six months. She reports feeling full after eating only small amounts of food and frequently vomits undigested food hours after eating. She has also experienced some unintentional weight l... | Diabetic Gastroparesis |
A 45-year-old woman presents with a chief complaint of persistent heartburn and diarrhea for the past six months. She also reports experiencing occasional episodes of upper abdominal pain, particularly after eating. She denies any fever, vomiting, or changes in bowel habits other than the diarrhea. She has a family ... | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome |
A 4-year-old girl presents with a 6-month history of intermittent diarrhea, abdominal distension, and failure to thrive. Her parents report she is often lethargic and has been increasingly irritable. She has also had several episodes of vomiting. Vital signs: Temperature 98.6°F (37°C), Heart rate 90 bpm, Respiratory... | Celiac Disease |
A 25-year-old female presents with a 2-week history of bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and urgency. She has also experienced some unintentional weight loss and malaise. She denies fever, nausea, or vomiting. Her vital signs are: BP 110/70 mmHg, HR 88 bpm, RR 16 breaths/min, Temp 98.6°F (37°C). Physical examina... | Ulcerative Colitis |
A 28-year-old woman presents with recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits for the past six months. The pain is cramping in nature, located primarily in the lower abdomen, and varies in intensity. It is often relieved by defecation. She experiences periods of both constipation and diarrhea, with no blood in... | Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
A 65-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with left lower quadrant abdominal pain that started two days ago. The pain is constant and has progressively worsened. She also reports constipation for the past three days. She denies nausea, vomiting, or fever. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 130/80 mmH... | Diverticulitis |
A 15-year-old female presents to the emergency department with a 24-hour history of abdominal pain. The pain initially started around her belly button but has now migrated to her right lower quadrant. She also reports nausea and loss of appetite but denies vomiting or diarrhea. Her temperature is 37.9°C, pulse is 90 b... | Appendicitis |
A 35-year-old female presents with severe anal pain during and after bowel movements for the past week. The pain is sharp and burning, lasting for several hours after defecation. She also notes bright red blood on the toilet paper. She reports constipation and straining during bowel movements. Vital Signs: BP 120/80... | Anal Fissure |
A 65-year-old woman presents with a 6-month history of increasing fatigue and occasional rectal bleeding. She also reports a change in bowel habits with increased constipation over the past 3 months. She denies fever, nausea, or vomiting. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 88 bpm, respirator... | Colon Cancer |
A 65-year-old male presents with a 3-month history of progressively worsening constipation, tenesmus, and bright red blood per rectum. He also reports increased mucus discharge and a change in bowel habits, noting his stools have become thinner. He denies fever, chills, or abdominal pain. His vital signs are: blood ... | Rectal Cancer |
A 22-year-old male presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of intermittent diarrhea and abdominal discomfort for the past six months. He also reports occasional rectal bleeding. He denies fever, nausea, or vomiting. His vital signs are: BP 120/80 mmHg, HR 72 bpm, RR 16 breaths/min, and temperature 98.6°F (37°C)... | Familial Adenomatous Polyposis |
A 35-year-old female presents to the clinic with complaints of chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. She underwent a small bowel resection two years ago due to Crohn's disease. Since then, she has experienced persistent, watery diarrhea, often 5-6 times a day. She reports unintentional weight loss of approxima... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
A 45-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe epigastric pain radiating to her back. The pain started suddenly about two hours ago after a large, fatty meal. She has vomited twice since the onset of pain. Her blood pressure is 100/70 mmHg, heart rate is 110 bpm, respiratory rate is 20 breaths/mi... | Acute Pancreatitis |
A 65-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of progressive painless jaundice, pruritus, and unintentional weight loss of 15 pounds. She also reports increasing fatigue and anorexia. She denies abdominal pain, fever, or chills. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 80 bpm, respiratory ra... | Pancreatic Cancer |
A 65-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of fever, chills, and increasing right upper quadrant abdominal pain. She also reports feeling generally unwell and nauseated. Her vital signs are: temperature 39.2°C, heart rate 110 bpm, blood pressure 100/60 mmHg, respiratory rate 20 brea... | Cholangitis |
A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue and intermittent pruritus over the past 6 months. He denies fever, chills, or abdominal pain. His vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 78 bpm, respiratory rate 16 breaths/min, and temperature 98.6°F (37°C). Physical examination reveals mild hepatomegaly but ... | Primary sclerosing cholangitis |
A 35-year-old woman presents with fatigue and malaise for the past 6 months. She also reports intermittent right upper quadrant abdominal pain and recent onset of mild jaundice. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 80 bpm, respiratory rate 16 breaths/min, and temperature 98.6°F (37°C). Physical... | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue and generalized itching that is worse at night for the past six months. She also reports dry skin and occasional right upper quadrant discomfort. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart rate 80 bpm, respiratory rate 16 breaths/min, and temperature 98.6°F (37°C)... | Primary Biliary Cholangitis |
A 62-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting for the past 12 hours. The pain is intermittent and colicky, radiating to her back. She also reports pruritus and dark urine. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 130/80 mmHg, heart rate 95 bpm, respiratory ra... | Choledocholithiasis |
A 65-year-old male with a history of cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis C presents with increasing abdominal distension, jaundice, and pruritus over the past month. He also reports decreased appetite and unintentional weight loss of 10 lbs in the last 2 months. His vital signs are: BP 100/60 mmHg, HR 90 bpm, RR 18 brea... | Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
A 65-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of progressive fatigue, weight loss, and increasingly intense right upper quadrant pain. She has also noticed that her skin and the whites of her eyes have become yellowish over the past few weeks. Her stools have become lighter in color, and her urine is darker tha... | Cholangiocarcinoma |
A 55-year-old male presents with complaints of increasing fatigue and joint pain in his hands and knees over the past year. He also notes a gradual darkening of his skin, particularly on his face and forearms. He denies any fever, weight loss, or changes in bowel habits. His vital signs are: BP 130/80 mmHg, HR 78 bp... | Hemochromatosis |
A 35-year-old woman presents with progressive abdominal distension and discomfort over the past 3 months. She also notes mild, dull right upper quadrant pain. She denies fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, heart rate 80 bpm, respiratory rate 16 breaths/min, and temper... | Budd-Chiari Syndrome |
A 55-year-old male with a history of cirrhosis presents with increasing confusion and sleep disturbances over the past week. His wife reports he has been increasingly forgetful and his personality has changed. He has also been experiencing intermittent nausea and vomiting. Physical examination reveals jaundice, ascit... | Hepatic Encephalopathy |
A 55-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe epigastric pain radiating to her back. The pain started suddenly about two hours ago after a large meal. She has a history of gallstones. She reports nausea and has vomited twice. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 100/70 mmHg, heart rate 110 bpm,... | Acute Pancreatitis |
A 55-year-old woman presents with a chief complaint of intermittent upper abdominal pain for the past several years. The pain is described as a burning sensation, often radiating to the back, and is sometimes relieved by leaning forward or drawing her knees to her chest. She also reports unintentional weight loss of 1... | Chronic Pancreatitis |
A 45-year-old woman presents with vague, chronic abdominal pain and anorexia for the past 6 weeks following an episode of acute pancreatitis. She also reports persistent abdominal pain that started about a week after the initial pancreatitis episode. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, heart rate 88 bpm,... | Pancreatic Pseudocyst |
A 45-year-old woman presents with a 6-month history of increasing abdominal discomfort, bloating, and unintentional weight loss of 15 pounds. She reports frequent loose, oily stools that are difficult to flush. She denies fever, vomiting, or changes in appetite. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, heart... | Pancreatic Insufficiency |
A 62-year-old woman presents with recurrent abdominal pain, nausea, and loss of appetite for the past 6 months. She has also noticed unintentional weight loss of approximately 10 pounds during this period. She denies fever, chills, or changes in bowel habits. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 128/78 mmHg, heart ra... | Autoimmune Pancreatitis |
A 35-year-old male presents with increasing swelling in his legs and face over the past month. He also reports feeling more tired than usual and has noticed a foamy appearance to his urine. He denies any recent illness or fever. His blood pressure is 142/90 mmHg, heart rate is 88 bpm, respiratory rate is 16 breaths p... | Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis |
A 55-year-old female presents with complaints of swelling in her legs and face, which has progressively worsened over the past 3 months. She also reports feeling more tired than usual and has noticed her urine appears foamy. She denies any recent illness or fever. Her blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg, heart rate is 88 ... | Membranous Nephropathy |
A 6-year-old boy presents with swelling around his eyes and legs for the past week. His mother reports he has also had some mild abdominal discomfort. He has been otherwise healthy and has no significant past medical history. His vital signs are: blood pressure 100/60 mmHg, heart rate 90 bpm, respiratory rate 20 bre... | Minimal Change Disease |
A 15-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of blood in his urine, which he noticed for the first time a week ago after a cold. He denies any pain or discomfort during urination. He also mentions some difficulty hearing in noisy environments, particularly in his right ear, which has been gradually worsen... | Alport Syndrome |
A 35-year-old female presents to her physician for a routine physical examination. She is asymptomatic and denies any specific complaints. She has no significant past medical history and takes no medications. Her blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg, heart rate is 72 beats per minute, respiratory rate is 16 breaths per minut... | Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy |
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