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Danielolevsky92
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wwii-bombing-operations-eda

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The dataset generation failed

Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    ArrowInvalid
Message:      Failed to parse string: 'WELLINGTON' as a scalar of type double
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1893, in _prepare_split_single
                  writer.write_table(table)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 765, in write_table
                  self._write_table(pa_table, writer_batch_size=writer_batch_size)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 773, in _write_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2272, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2224, in cast_table_to_schema
                  cast_array_to_feature(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1795, in wrapper
                  return pa.chunked_array([func(chunk, *args, **kwargs) for chunk in array.chunks])
                                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2086, in cast_array_to_feature
                  return array_cast(
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1797, in wrapper
                  return func(array, *args, **kwargs)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1949, in array_cast
                  return array.cast(pa_type)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "pyarrow/array.pxi", line 1135, in pyarrow.lib.Array.cast
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/compute.py", line 412, in cast
                  return call_function("cast", [arr], options, memory_pool)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "pyarrow/_compute.pyx", line 604, in pyarrow._compute.call_function
                File "pyarrow/_compute.pyx", line 399, in pyarrow._compute.Function.call
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
              pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: Failed to parse string: 'WELLINGTON' as a scalar of type double
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1347, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
                                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 980, in convert_to_parquet
                  builder.download_and_prepare(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 884, in download_and_prepare
                  self._download_and_prepare(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 947, in _download_and_prepare
                  self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1739, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1925, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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Mission ID int64	Mission Date string	Theater of Operations string	Country string	Air Force string	Unit ID string	Aircraft Series string	Callsign null	Mission Type float64	Takeoff Base string	Takeoff Location string	Takeoff Latitude float64	Takeoff Longitude float64	Target ID float64	Target Country string	Target City string	Target Type string	Target Industry null	Target Priority string	Target Latitude float64	Target Longitude float64	Altitude (Hundreds of Feet) float64	Airborne Aircraft float64	Attacking Aircraft float64	Bombing Aircraft float64	Aircraft Returned null	Aircraft Failed float64	Aircraft Damaged null	Aircraft Lost null	High Explosives float64	High Explosives Type string	High Explosives Weight (Pounds) null	High Explosives Weight (Tons) float64	Incendiary Devices null	Incendiary Devices Type null	Incendiary Devices Weight (Pounds) null	Incendiary Devices Weight (Tons) null	Fragmentation Devices null	Fragmentation Devices Type null	Fragmentation Devices Weight (Pounds) null	Fragmentation Devices Weight (Tons) null	Total Weight (Pounds) null	Total Weight (Tons) float64	Time Over Target null	Bomb Damage Assessment null	Source ID float64
1	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	27 FBG/86 FBG	A36	null	null	PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD	SICILY	37.131022	14.321464	40,675	ITALY	SPADAFORA	null	null	null	38.22	15.37	null	20	null	20	null	null	null	null	40	500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64)	null	10	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	10	null	null	null
2	8/15/1943	PTO	USA	5 AF	400 BS	B24	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	NEW GUINEA	KOMIATUM	RIDGE	null	1	-7.166667	147	44	null	6	null	null	null	null	null	40	1000 LB GP (GP-M44/M65)	null	20	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	20	null	null	9,366
3	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	27 FBG/86 FBG	A36	null	null	PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD	SICILY	37.131022	14.321464	9,630	ITALY	COSENZA	null	null	null	39.27	16.25	null	18	null	36	null	null	null	null	36	500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64)	null	9	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	9	null	null	null
4	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	27 FBG/86 FBG	A36	null	null	PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD	SICILY	37.131022	14.321464	16,140	ITALY	GIOJA TAURO	null	null	null	38.43	15.9	null	15	null	15	null	1	null	null	30	500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64)	null	7.5	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	7.5	null	null	null
5	8/15/1943	PTO	USA	5 AF	321 BS	B24	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	SUMATRA	KILA	VILLAGE	null	1	-1.116667	103.883333	60	null	6	null	null	null	null	null	16	1000 LB GP (GP-M44/M65)	null	8	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	8	null	null	22,585
6	8/15/1943	PTO	USA	5 AF	319 BS	B24	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	NEW GUINEA	KDMIATUM	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	-7.166667	147	35	null	6	null	null	null	null	null	8	1000 LB GP (GP-M44/M65)	null	4	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	4	null	null	9,349
7	8/15/1943	PTO	USA	5 AF	400 BS	B24	null	12	null	null	null	null	null	NEW GUINEA	SALAMAUA	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	-7.016667	147.116667	70	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	4	500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64)	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	1	null	null	11,287
8	8/15/1943	PTO	USA	5 AF	65 BS	B17	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	NEW GUINEA	SALAMAUA	AIRDROME	null	1	-7.016667	147.116667	40	null	8	null	null	null	null	null	4	1000 LB GP (GP-M44/M65)	null	2	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	11,326
9	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	27 FBG/86 FBG	A36	null	null	PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD	SICILY	37.131022	14.321464	39,469	ITALY	SCILLA	null	null	null	38.23	15.72	null	0	null	null	null	null	null	null	0	500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64)	null	0	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0	null	null	null
10	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	27 FBG/86 FBG	A36	null	null	PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD	SICILY	37.131022	14.321464	16,140	ITALY	GIOJA TAURO	null	null	null	38.43	15.9	null	0	null	null	null	null	null	null	0	500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64)	null	0	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	0	null	null	null
11	8/15/1943	CBI	USA	10 AF	436 BS	B24	null	2	null	null	null	null	null	BURMA	PORT BLAIR	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	11.683333	92.716667	83	null	6	null	null	null	null	null	0	500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64)	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	37,192
12	8/15/1943	ETO	GREAT BRITAIN	RAF	null	LGT	null	null	null	null	null	null	3,735	GERMANY	BERLIN	CITY AREA	null	null	52.53	13.42	250	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	1	null	null	292,817
13	8/15/1943	ETO	GREAT BRITAIN	RAF	null	LGT	null	null	null	null	null	null	3,735	GERMANY	BERLIN	CITY AREA	null	null	52.53	13.42	250	5	5	5	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	4	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	4	null	null	292,818
14	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	2	51.4	3.53	245	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	39	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	39	null	null	95,435
15	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	2	51.4	3.53	245	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	39	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	39	null	null	197,541
16	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	2	51.4	3.53	245	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	39	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	39	null	null	197,560
17	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	1,063	FRANCE	AMIENS	AIRDROME	null	1	49.9	2.3	240	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	5	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	5	null	null	95,429
18	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	1,063	FRANCE	AMIENS	AIRDROME	null	1	49.9	2.3	240	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	5	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	5	null	null	197,535
19	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	1,063	FRANCE	AMIENS	AIRDROME	null	1	49.9	2.3	240	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	5	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	5	null	null	197,555
20	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	1,063	FRANCE	AMIENS	AIRDROME	null	1	49.9	2.3	234	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	20	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	20	null	null	95,431
21	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	1,063	FRANCE	AMIENS	AIRDROME	null	1	49.9	2.3	234	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	20	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	20	null	null	197,537
22	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	1,063	FRANCE	AMIENS	AIRDROME	null	1	49.9	2.3	234	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	20	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	20	null	null	197,557
23	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	1	51.4	3.53	230	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	95,434
24	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	1	51.4	3.53	230	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	197,540
25	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	1	51.4	3.53	230	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	197,559
26	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	1,063	FRANCE	AMIENS	AIRDROME	null	1	49.9	2.3	220	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	95,430
27	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	1,063	FRANCE	AMIENS	AIRDROME	null	1	49.9	2.3	220	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	197,536
28	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	1,063	FRANCE	AMIENS	AIRDROME	null	1	49.9	2.3	220	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	197,556
29	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	GB17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	2	51.4	3.53	220	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	32	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	32	null	null	197,526
30	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	2	51.4	3.53	220	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	32	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	32	null	null	197,528
31	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	220	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	48	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	48	null	null	95,427
32	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	220	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	48	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	48	null	null	197,534
33	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	220	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	48	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	48	null	null	197,553
34	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	213	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	95,432
35	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	213	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	197,538
36	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	213	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	197,554
37	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,637	FRANCE	MERVILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	2.63	210	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	95,422
38	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,637	FRANCE	MERVILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	2.63	210	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	95,424
39	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,637	FRANCE	MERVILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	2.63	210	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	197,529
40	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,637	FRANCE	MERVILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	2.63	210	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	197,531
41	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,637	FRANCE	MERVILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	2.63	210	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	197,548
42	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,637	FRANCE	MERVILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	2.63	210	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	197,550
43	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	25,077	FRANCE	LILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	3.07	209	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	95,437
44	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	25,077	FRANCE	LILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	3.07	209	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	197,543
45	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	25,077	FRANCE	LILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	3.07	209	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	197,547
46	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,637	FRANCE	MERVILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	2.63	200	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	95,423
47	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,637	FRANCE	MERVILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	2.63	200	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	197,530
48	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,637	FRANCE	MERVILLE	AIRDROME	null	1	50.63	2.63	200	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	25	null	null	197,549
49	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	200	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	19	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	19	null	null	95,426
50	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	200	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	19	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	19	null	null	197,533
51	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	200	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	19	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	19	null	null	197,552
52	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	1	51.4	3.53	198	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	37	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	37	null	null	95,433
53	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	1	51.4	3.53	198	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	37	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	37	null	null	197,539
54	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	1	51.4	3.53	198	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	37	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	37	null	null	197,558
55	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	2	51.4	3.53	186	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	95,436
56	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	2	51.4	3.53	186	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	197,542
57	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	14,129	HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS	FLUSHING	null	null	2	51.4	3.53	186	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	36	null	null	197,561
58	8/15/1943	ETO	GREAT BRITAIN	RAF	null	HVY	null	null	null	null	null	null	11,714	GERMANY	DUSSELDORF	CITY AREA	null	null	51.22	6.78	135	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	52	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	87	null	null	292,819
59	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B26	null	null	null	null	null	null	38	FRANCE	ABBEVILLE	null	null	1	50.1	1.83	120	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	29	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	29	null	null	95,413
60	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B26	null	null	null	null	null	null	38	FRANCE	ABBEVILLE	null	null	1	50.1	1.83	120	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	29	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	29	null	null	197,519
61	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B26	null	null	null	null	null	null	41,381	FRANCE	ST OMER	AIRDROME	null	1	50.75	2.25	100	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	33	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	33	null	null	95,421
62	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B26	null	null	null	null	null	null	41,381	FRANCE	ST OMER	AIRDROME	null	1	50.75	2.25	100	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	33	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	33	null	null	197,544
63	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	95,425
64	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	197,532
65	8/15/1943	ETO	null	null	null	B17	null	null	null	null	null	null	45,581	FRANCE	VITRY EN ARTOIS	AIRDROME	null	1	50.33	2.98	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	197,551
66	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	210	ITALY	AGATA	SHIPPING	null	1	38.08	14.63	95	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	95,420
67	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	210	ITALY	AGATA	SHIPPING	null	1	38.08	14.63	95	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	2	null	null	197,527
68	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,689	ITALY	MESSINA	ROAD	null	1	38.18	15.57	95	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	17	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	17	null	null	95,414
69	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	27,689	ITALY	MESSINA	ROAD	null	1	38.18	15.57	95	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	17	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	17	null	null	197,520
70	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B26	null	null	null	null	null	null	38,357	ITALY	SAPRI	MARSHALL YARD	null	1	40.07	15.63	95	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	42	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	42	null	null	95,415
71	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B26	null	null	null	null	null	null	38,357	ITALY	SAPRI	MARSHALL YARD	null	1	40.07	15.63	95	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	42	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	42	null	null	197,521
72	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	A20	null	null	null	null	null	null	90,064	ITALY	37 20 N 014 00 E	SUPPLIES	null	1	37.33	14	95	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	7	null	null	95,428
73	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	A20	null	null	null	null	null	null	90,064	ITALY	37 20 N 014 00 E	SUPPLIES	null	1	37.33	14	95	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	7	null	null	197,545
74	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	A20	null	null	null	null	null	null	90,064	ITALY	37 20 N 014 00 E	SUPPLIES	null	1	37.33	14	95	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	7	null	null	197,546
75	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	40,038	ITALY	SIBARI	MARSHALLING YARD	null	1	39.78	16.47	75	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	17	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	17	null	null	95,416
76	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	40,038	ITALY	SIBARI	MARSHALLING YARD	null	1	39.78	16.47	75	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	17	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	17	null	null	197,522
77	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	40,038	ITALY	SIBARI	MARSHALLING YARD	null	1	39.78	16.47	70	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	95,417
78	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	40,038	ITALY	SIBARI	MARSHALLING YARD	null	1	39.78	16.47	70	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	95,418
79	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	40,038	ITALY	SIBARI	MARSHALLING YARD	null	1	39.78	16.47	70	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	95,419
80	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	40,038	ITALY	SIBARI	MARSHALLING YARD	null	1	39.78	16.47	70	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	197,523
81	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	40,038	ITALY	SIBARI	MARSHALLING YARD	null	1	39.78	16.47	70	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	197,524
82	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	40,038	ITALY	SIBARI	MARSHALLING YARD	null	1	39.78	16.47	70	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	18	null	null	197,525
83	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	HVY	null	null	null	null	null	null	28,049	ITALY	MILAN	CITY AREA	null	null	45.45	9.15	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	82	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	117	null	null	292,820
84	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	HVY	null	null	null	null	null	null	28,049	ITALY	MILAN	CITY AREA	null	null	45.45	9.15	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	38	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	122	null	null	292,821
85	8/15/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	null	HVY	null	null	null	null	null	null	28,049	ITALY	MILAN	CITY AREA	null	1	45.45	9.15	null	93	93	93	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	302	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	302	null	null	292,822
86	8/15/1943	null	USA	8 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	44,333	UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED	UNIDENTIFIED	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	null	null	100	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	3	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	3	null	null	197,564
87	8/15/1943	null	USA	8 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	44,333	UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED	UNIDENTIFIED	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	null	null	100	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	3	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	3	null	null	292,825
88	8/15/1943	null	USA	8 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	44,333	UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED	UNIDENTIFIED	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	null	null	90	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	10	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	10	null	null	197,565
89	8/15/1943	null	USA	8 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	44,333	UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED	UNIDENTIFIED	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	null	null	90	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	10	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	10	null	null	292,826
90	8/15/1943	null	USA	8 AF	null	A20	null	null	null	null	null	null	44,333	UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED	UNIDENTIFIED	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	null	null	85	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	6	null	null	197,562
91	8/15/1943	null	USA	8 AF	null	A20	null	null	null	null	null	null	44,333	UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED	UNIDENTIFIED	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	null	null	85	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	6	null	null	292,823
92	8/15/1943	null	USA	8 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	44,333	UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED	UNIDENTIFIED	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	11	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	11	null	null	197,563
93	8/15/1943	null	USA	8 AF	null	B25	null	null	null	null	null	null	44,333	UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED	UNIDENTIFIED	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	11	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	11	null	null	292,824
94	8/15/1943	PTO	USA	5 AF	63 BS	B17	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	CORAL SEA AREA	ARAWE	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	-6.166667	149.066667	8	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	3,647
95	8/15/1943	PTO	USA	13 AF	75 BS	B25	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	SOLOMON ISLANDS	IGHITI	SUPPLY AREAS	null	1	-7.566667	158.716667	10	null	11	null	null	null	null	null	null	250 LB GP (GP-M57)	null	8	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	8	null	null	45,988
96	8/16/1943	MTO	USA	12 AF	27 FBG/86 FBG	A36	null	null	PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD	SICILY	37.131022	14.321464	45,319	ITALY	VILLA SAN GIOVANNI	null	null	null	38.2	15.65	null	32	null	32	null	null	null	null	64	500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64)	null	16	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	16	null	null	null
97	8/16/1943	PTO	USA	13 AF	424 BS	B24	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	SOLOMON ISLANDS	REKATA BAY	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	2	-7.566667	158.683333	130	null	3	null	null	null	null	null	60	100 LB GP (GP-M30)	null	3	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	3	null	null	46,767
98	8/16/1943	CBI	USA	10 AF	22 BS	B25	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	BURMA	KETKA	ROLLING STOCK	null	1	22.166667	95.916667	120	null	8	null	null	null	null	null	40	500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64)	null	10	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	10	null	null	30,980
99	8/16/1943	PTO	USA	5 AF	529 BS	B24	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	BORNEO	BALIK PAPAN	UNIDENTIFIED TARGET	null	1	-1.25	116.833333	15	null	3	null	null	null	null	null	20	500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64)	null	5	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	5	null	null	23,877
100	8/16/1943	PTO	USA	13 AF	424 BS	B24	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	SOLOMON ISLANDS	BUKA	AIRDROME	null	1	-5.416667	154.7	180	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	20	100 LB GP (GP-M30)	null	1	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	1	null	null	45,789

End of preview.

WWII Aerial Bombing Operations - EDA

Video Presentation

Overview

This project presents an end-to-end Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) of aerial bombing operations conducted during World War II. The goal is to uncover patterns in bombing intensity, target selection, aircraft usage, and geographic distribution across the war years.

The analysis is based on a dataset published by the U.S. Air Force (USAF), containing over 178,000 bombing mission records from 1939 to 1945.

Objectives

Understand how bombing intensity changed over the course of the war
Identify the most heavily targeted countries and regions
Analyze which aircraft types were used most frequently
Examine seasonal and geographic patterns in bombing campaigns
Investigate the distribution of bomb loads across missions

Key columns in the dataset:

Mission Date - date of the bombing mission
Theater of Operations - European (ETO), Pacific (PTO), Mediterranean (MTO), etc.
Target Country - country that was bombed
Target City - city that was bombed
Aircraft Series - type of aircraft used
Altitude (Hundreds of Feet) - flight altitude
Attacking Aircraft - number of aircraft in the mission
Total Weight (Tons) - total weight of bombs dropped
High Explosives Weight (Tons) - weight of high explosive bombs
Target Type - type of target (airdrome, city, bridge, etc.)

Main Research Question

How did the intensity of WWII aerial bombing operations change over the years of the war, and which countries were targeted the most?

Data Cleaning

Steps performed:

Dropped 27 columns with more than 50% missing values
Removed rows with impossible values:
- Altitude above 100,000 feet
- Coordinates outside valid ranges (-90/90 latitude, -180/180 longitude)
- Bomb weights above 2,000 tons
Parsed Mission Date from text to proper datetime format
Extracted Year and Month as separate columns for time analysis
Checked for duplicates - none found

Result: Dataset reduced from 178,281 rows and 46 columns to 113,139 rows and 21 columns

Outlier Handling

Outliers were identified using descriptive statistics and the IQR method:

Invalid outliers (impossible values) were removed - e.g. altitude of 4,000,000 feet, coordinates like latitude 1,108
Realistic outliers were kept - e.g. missions with 332 aircraft, which did happen historically in massive raids

Justification: This data was digitized from old WWII paper records, so data entry errors are expected. However, extreme but historically plausible values were retained to preserve dataset integrity.

Descriptive Statistics

Key statistics from the cleaned dataset:

Average altitude: 14,100 feet per mission
Median bomb load: 17 tons per mission
Average bomb load: 30.4 tons (pulled up by large raids)
Most active year: 1944 with 55,384 missions
Peak bombing: 1,974,380 tons dropped in 1944

Exploratory Data Analysis

Key Finding 1: Bombing Intensity per Year

1944 was by far the most active year with 55,384 missions - coinciding with the Allied D-Day invasion of Europe. The war started with just 18 missions in 1940 and escalated dramatically.

Key Finding 2: Most Bombed Countries

Germany was the most targeted country with 36,496 missions - more than double Italy in second place (15,445). The top 3 were all European countries.

Key Finding 3: Most Used Aircraft

The B24 Liberator (25,365 missions) and B17 Flying Fortress (23,801 missions) were the backbone of Allied bombing operations - together accounting for nearly 50,000 missions.

Key Finding 4: Total Bombs Dropped per Year

Nearly 2 million tons of bombs were dropped in 1944 alone - more than all previous years combined. This 25,000x increase from 1940 reflects the full mobilization of Allied air power.

Key Finding 5: Correlation Analysis

Strongest correlation: High Explosives Weight vs Total Weight (0.93). Surprisingly, year had almost no correlation with bomb load per mission (0.03) - meaning escalation was driven by MORE missions, not bigger ones.

Research Questions

Q1: Did bombing intensity differ between theaters?

Yes - the European Theater (ETO) had 55,299 missions vs the Pacific Theater (PTO) with 30,375 - nearly double. This explains why Germany was the most bombed country.

Insight: The Allied strategy prioritized defeating Germany first before focusing on Japan - clearly reflected in the data.

Q2: Which months had the most bombing missions?

Spring months - March (13,948) and April (14,962) - had the most activity. Winter months (January, December) had significantly fewer missions.

Insight: Spring offered the best flying weather in Europe - longer days, clearer skies, and less fog compared to winter months.

Q3: Did missions fly higher as the war progressed?

Yes - average altitude increased from 6,740 feet in 1940 to a peak of 15,510 feet in 1944, then dropped in 1945.

Insight: As German anti-aircraft (Flak) defenses grew stronger, Allied planes flew higher to avoid being shot down. The drop in 1945 suggests weakening German defenses near the end of the war.

Q4: What was the distribution of bomb loads across missions?

The distribution is heavily right-skewed - most missions carried under 50 tons (median 17 tons), while a small number of massive raids carried hundreds of tons.

Insight: WWII bombing escalation came from flying MORE missions rather than loading more bombs onto each mission - confirmed by the near-zero correlation between year and bomb load per mission.

Q5: Which target types were most common?

Airdromes (airports) were the most common known target at 27.3%, followed by City Areas (20%) and Marshalling Yards (7.2%). Nearly 30% of targets were unidentified.

Insight: The Allied strategy prioritized destroying enemy air power first (airdromes), then cutting off supply lines (marshalling yards and bridges).

Key Insights Summary

The war escalated dramatically - from 18 missions in 1940 to over 55,000 in 1944
Germany was the most bombed country with 36,496 missions
The European Theater was twice as active as the Pacific Theater
The B24 and B17 were the backbone of Allied bombing operations
Spring months had the most activity due to better flying weather
Escalation came from MORE missions - not bigger ones
Airdromes were the most common target - reflecting the strategy of destroying enemy air power first

Limitations

The dataset primarily covers USAF records - the Pacific campaign against Japan is underrepresented
Nearly 30% of target types are unidentified - expected from digitized historical paper records
Some columns had up to 99.99% missing values and had to be dropped
Data was collected from paper records digitized decades after the war - errors are expected