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# Introduction
Since the early days of MRI, a constant drive to higher main magnetic field
strengths (B<sub>0</sub>) has existed. While the increase in B<sub>0</sub> leads
to a superlinear increase in SNR at higher magnetic fields, the wavelengths of
the electromagnetic fields at the corresponding Larmor frequencies d... |
# Introduction
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include ulcerative colitis (UC), are
characterised by uncontrolled intestinal inflammation. Colorectal cancer (CRC)
is a life-threatening complication of UC, and UC patients are estimated to be at
a 2.4 fold increased risk of CRC relative to the general populatio... |
# Introduction
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus belonging to
genus *Alphavirus* of the family *Togaviridae*. It is an epidemic viral disease
responsible for significant global public health problem mainly in Asian and
African continents. Efforts are underway in developing prevention ... |
# Introduction
In 1990, the Commission for Health Research and Development (COHRED) reported
that less than 10% of global health research funding was spent on health
conditions that account for 90% of the global disease burden. This led to an
outcry that if it remained the status quo, global inequities in health will
... |
# Introduction
In the past two decades, *Staphylococcus aureus* has emerged one of the most
important pathogens causing infections with indwelling medical devices, such as
prosthetic joints, prosthetic heart valves, intravascular catheters, and
cerebrospinal fluid shunts, which creates an increasing health care proble... |
# Introduction
The discovery of the process of transformation was key to the development of the
field of molecular genetics. The first evidence that genetic information could
be introduced into a cell came in 1928 when Frederick Griffith discovered that a
“transforming factor” could make a harmless strain of *Streptoc... |
# Introduction
*Coxiella burnetii* is the Gram negative bacteria that causes the multifaceted
human disease Q fever, an ever-present global public health threat. Endemic and
hyperendemic regions experience regular cases of Q fever. Sporadic outbreaks
also transpire, the largest being in The Netherlands between 2007 an... |
# Introduction
Persons with severe mental illness (SMI) including schizophrenia, bipolar
disorder and major depression are approximately twice as likely to have a
stroke. Increased stroke risk among those with SMI has been attributed to
unhealthy lifestyle choices like tobacco use, substance abuse, low physical
exerci... |
# Introduction
Facial expressions are critical elements in nonverbal communication, which allow
observers to infer the internal state of others and - in case of negative states
- to be alarmed of impeding danger or be prepared for empathic behavior. The
question is how specific this warning signal can be. Is the obser... |
# Introduction
Accurate partners or research followers are imperative in scientific research.
Mining deeper author relationships in the academic network involving various
significance is achievable, which can help scholars establish potential
cooperative or reference relationships. The research visual field can also b... |
# Introduction
There is abundant evidence worldwide on lifelong human contamination from
mixtures of environmental chemicals as persistent organic pollutants (POPs);
yet, the vast majority of studies report each pollutant individually, with
little attention to concentrations of mixtures in individual persons or social... |
# Introduction
T2 ribonucleases are conserved nucleases found in all branches of life. In
eukaryotic cells, T2 ribonucleases affect a variety of processes including the
regulation of self-incompatibility by S-RNases in plants –, modulation of host
immune cell responses by viral and schistosome T2 enzymes, and neurolog... |
# Introduction
Since the discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs), we have come to appreciate
their crucial role in the induction of adaptive immunity against pathogens. In
response to microbes, the engagement of pathogen associated molecular patterns
by TLRs initiates a complex process of antigen presenting cell (APC)... |
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