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First, it seemed to me that a fouryear moratorium would not seriously slow down the pace of research in this area.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "453.75" }
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W2079063085
Hypothesis
Supporters of stem cell research and research...
{ "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": "540.41" }
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W2079063085
Purpose
The medium for biofilm formation by B.bifidium was optimized by statistical methodology for the first time.
{ "m": "Describing the process: adverbs of manner", "s": "474.51" }
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W2353700941
Method
Twolevel factorials of PlackettBurman design was applied to evaluate the influence of related nutrients on biofilm formation.
{ "m": "Describing questionnaire design", "s": "415.75" }
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W2353700941
Method
The sodium chloride,manganese sulfate and galactose were confirmed as critical factors in the medium.
{ "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": "535.55" }
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W2353700941
Method
The orthogonal design was used to determine the optimal region of these factors for biofilm formation.
{ "m": "Describing the process: statistical procedures", "s": "460.03" }
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W2353700941
Method
Then the optimized level of these factors was determined by response surface methodology.
{ "m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures", "s": "453.3" }
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W2353700941
Aims
The predicted maximal biofilm formation appeared at the region where the concentrations of manganese sulfate,galactose and sodium chloride were 0.005 gL,25 gL and 0.1 molL,respectively.
{ "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": "454.7" }
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W2353700941
Result
The correlation between predicted value and measured value of these experiments proved the validity of the response model.
{ "m": "Stating a positive result", "s": "430.65" }
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W2353700941
Result
The biofilm formation increased 1.5 times in the optimized medium compared to that in the original medium.
{ "m": "Highlighting interesting or surprising results", "s": "424.84" }
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W2353700941
Result
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangement and cleavage of the Grignard reagent from 5chloromethylnorborneneE.
{ "m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures", "s": "525.11" }
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W1977354901
Aims
Alexander Hill, King Hsieh, Kevin Condroski, Heidi Sonnentag, Donald Skalitzky, and Donald GagasCite this J. Org.
{ "m": "Explaining the provenance of the participants", "s": "418.52" }
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W1977354901
Method
Chem.
{ "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": "622.84" }
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W1977354901
Method
1989, 54, 22, 52865292Publication Date PrintOctober 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989httpsdoi.org10.1021jo00283a022RIGHTS PERMISSIONSArticle Views379AltmetricCitations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTERcompliant sum of full text article downloads s...
{ "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": "472.06" }
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W1977354901
Method
These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "330.95" }
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W1977354901
Method
Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily.
{ "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": "500.37" }
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W1977354901
Method
Find more information about Crossref citation counts.
{ "m": "Providing background information: reference to the literature", "s": "592.94" }
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W1977354901
Background
The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online.
{ "m": "Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)", "s": "443.52" }
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W1977354901
Purpose
Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article.
{ "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": "492.1" }
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W1977354901
Result
Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.
{ "m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study", "s": "556.1" }
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W1977354901
Background
Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF 966 KB Get eAlertsclose Get eAlerts
{ "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": "511.02" }
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W1977354901
Method
In this paper, we propose an approach to identify the driving environment for autonomous highway vehicles by means of image processing and computer vision techniques.
{ "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": "373.73" }
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W2127170485
Method
The proposed approach is mainly composed of two consecutive computational steps.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "460.72" }
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W2127170485
Method
The first step is the lane markings detection, used to identify the location of host vehicle and road geometry.
{ "m": "Outlining the structure of a thesis or dissertation", "s": "460.77" }
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W2127170485
Other
The second one is the vehicle detection that can provide relative position and speed between host vehicle and each preceding vehicle.
{ "m": "Outlining the structure of a short paper", "s": "537.9" }
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W2127170485
Other
The proposed approach has been validated in several realworld scenes.
{ "m": "Summarising the literature review", "s": "568.26" }
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W2127170485
Other
Herein, the experimental results indicate low false alarm and low false dismissal and have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed detection approach.
{ "m": "Stating a positive result", "s": "496.32" }
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W2127170485
Result
There is no achievement of man for which biological models play such an important role as in aeronautics.
{ "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": "471.67" }
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W2197305093
Uncertainty
And in no technical development is the relationship between technology and nature so difficult.
{ "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": "459.43" }
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W2197305093
Uncertainty
Man became able to fly he became able to fly at supersonic speeds and he became able to explore space with his flying machines.
{ "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": "475.34" }
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W2197305093
Result
Still, even after 100 years of aeronautics, the yearning for the silent, efficient, reliable flight of birds remains strong.
{ "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": "388.51" }
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W2197305093
Importance
The question whether the natural way of flying is technically reproducible or is going to remain a dream for the engineer is still an open one.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "455.24" }
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W2197305093
Hypothesis
This question is strongly related to the question of geometrical adaptability of airfoils in other words, with the technical possibility of realising airfoils which can be properly deformed, statically as well as dynamically.
{ "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": "450.31" }
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W2197305093
Importance
In the most advanced conception of bioinspired flight, wings work additionally as rudders, flaps and propulsion systems but even small steps towards this vision, such as quasistatic adaptation of airfoil geometry for a conventionally propelled aircraft, promise a dramatic improvement in efficiency and manoeuvrability.
{ "m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures", "s": "572.9" }
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W2197305093
Aims
The abovementioned crucial question concerning geometrical adaptability of airfoils constitutes a multidisciplinary question of applied mechanics, primarily covering the areas of structural mechanics, material science and actuator technology but also strongly related to other disciplines, among them fluid mechanics and...
{ "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": "499.35" }
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W2197305093
Importance
This contribution gives a broad insight into the conceptual and historical background of the adaptive airfoil issue and provides an overview on the actual stand of research on this topic.
{ "m": "Explaining the significance of the current study", "s": "379.37" }
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W2197305093
Importance
Some crucial aspects like the conflict between the main requirements of deformability, loadcarrying capability and low weight as well as the role of a coupled mechanical design are addressed in more detail.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "563.5" }
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W2197305093
Hypothesis
The final part of the paper focuses on the authors own work on airfoils with variable camber and optimisation of compliant systems for shape control.
{ "m": "Outlining the structure of a thesis or dissertation", "s": "537.35" }
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W2197305093
Other
In particular, the socalled beltrib structural concept for shapeadaptable airfoil structures is presented and discussed.
{ "m": "Outlining the structure of a thesis or dissertation", "s": "467.01" }
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W2197305093
Other
This concept implements a revolutionary design philosophy which completely relies on structural flexibility in order to produce large geometry changes.
{ "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": "547.41" }
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W2197305093
Purpose
Former approaches to shapeadaptable airfoils, which are documented in hundreds of patents or patent applications worldwide, were substantially based on conventional articulated systems with moveable parts, involving strong weight penalties which made them unfeasible for practical applications.
{ "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": "403.87" }
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W2197305093
Background
Due to their www.witpress.com, ISSN 17558336 online 2006 WIT Press WIT Transactions on State of the Art in Science and Engineering, Vol 4, doi10.249518456409505c ShapeAdaptive WingsThe Unfulfilled Dream of Flight 401 optimised design, beltrib airfoils keep a light construction while offering large shape adaptability as...
{ "m": "Referring to important texts in the area of interest", "s": "515.96" }
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W2197305093
Background
Studies were carried out on the delta 5desaturation reaction in ergosterol biosynthesis with a particulate fraction of cellfree extract of yeast.
{ "m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures", "s": "464.79" }
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W1697350122
Aims
A reduced pyridine nucleotide coenzyme and molecular oxygen were required for the reaction.
{ "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": "442.23" }
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W1697350122
Method
It was shown that the enzyme activity is located in a fraction corresponding to microsomes.
{ "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": "488.66" }
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W1697350122
Result
The reaction was inhibited by KCN, but not by CO. Menadione and potassium ferricyanide inhibited the NADPH and NADHdependent reactions, respectively, and cytochrome c inhibited both of them.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "453.7" }
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W1697350122
Result
These results suggested an involvement in delta 5desaturation of a mixed function oxidase system resembling that for the fatty acylCoA desaturation reaction.
{ "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": "457.64" }
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W1697350122
Result
The lungs are among the most common sites for metastases from a multitude of cancers.
{ "m": "Setting out the research questions or hypotheses", "s": "501.56" }
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W2012285345
Aims
The majority of pulmonary metastases appear nodular on radiologic images.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "535.98" }
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W2012285345
Method
Interstitial spread of tumor through pulmonary lymphatics, also known as pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis PLC, is not uncommon and constitutes approximately 7 of pulmonary metastases.
{ "m": "Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)", "s": "456.19" }
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W2012285345
Keywords
PLC is most often seen with adenocarcinoma of a variety of histologies such as thyroid carcinoma, and melanoma.
{ "m": "Stating what is currently known about the topic", "s": "518.37" }
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W2012285345
Background
It is usually noted in late stages of malignancy and therefore is indicative of a poor prognosis.
{ "m": "General reference to previous research or scholarship: highlighting negative outcomes", "s": "550.84" }
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W2012285345
Background
Diagnosis of PLC is usually based on a combination of clinical and radiologic findings.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "457.1" }
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W2012285345
Method
However, the diagnosis is difficult when patients have limited clinical findings or have a history of or the possibility of other interstitial lung diseases.
{ "m": "Detailing specific limitations", "s": "329.88" }
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W2012285345
Limitations
Highresolution computed tomography HRCT has been the modality of choice in the radiologic diagnosis of PLC.
{ "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": "446.76" }
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W2012285345
Result
Imaging features of PLC on HRCT include thickening of interlobular septa, fissures, and bronchovascular bundles.
{ "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": "536.29" }
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W2012285345
Result
Distribution of PLC may be focal or diffuse, unilateral or bilateral, and symmetric or asymmetric.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "468.78" }
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W2012285345
Hypothesis
Although FDGPET has been extensively used in primary or secondary lung malignancies, its role and appearance in PLC have not been well determined in the literature.
{ "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": "328.33" }
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W2012285345
Result
In this communication, we describe a spectrum of FDGPET and CT findings in 5 cases with PLC.
{ "m": "Outlining the structure of a short paper", "s": "425.6" }
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W2012285345
Other
Similar to CT, the distribution of PLC can be extensive or limited on the FDGPET.
{ "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": "504.35" }
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W2012285345
Result
Diffuse, lobar, or segmental FDG uptake in the lungs is seen in extensive PLC.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "433.26" }
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W2012285345
Method
In limited PLC, a linear or a hazy area of FDG uptake extending from the tumor can be seen.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "540.31" }
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W2012285345
Method
Recognition of various patterns related to PLC on FDGPET may allow accurate diagnosis of disease and could potentially influence the management of these patients.
{ "m": "Noting implications of the findings", "s": "405.2" }
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W2012285345
Implications
Throughout our lives we engage in problem solving, which is thought to depend on executive functions EFs e.g., inhibition, shifting and working memory.
{ "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": "479.99" }
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W872461402
Importance
Previous work has identified the need to consider these abilities in an everyday context.
{ "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": "293.54" }
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W872461402
Background
EF skills are known to be impaired in Williams syndrome WS and Down syndrome DS.
{ "m": "Stating what is currently known about the topic", "s": "433.04" }
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W872461402
Background
This thesis aims to investigate experimental and reallife problem solving in WS and DS, and how these groups use EF skills to solve problems, through experimental and questionnairebased crosssyndrome comparisons.
{ "m": "Setting out the research questions or hypotheses", "s": "354.99" }
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W872461402
Aims
Participants with WS and DS aged 1224 years Ns20 and typically developing TD controls N56 nonverbal matched subset 20 completed the Tower of London TOL problemsolving task and a battery of EF tests.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "473.24" }
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W872461402
Method
In a separate study, parents WS, DS, TD total N112 completed the BRIEF Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning and a novel ProblemSolving Questionnaire.
{ "m": "Describing previously used methods", "s": "514.92" }
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W872461402
Method
The WS group, but not the DS group, scored more poorly on the TOL than the nonverbalmatched controls.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "373.01" }
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W872461402
Result
In WS, developmental trajectory analysis indicated overreliance on planning for TOL performance for low planning scores.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "478.25" }
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W872461402
Method
For the DS group only speed of picture matching was associated with TOL performance, while more rule violations were exhibited than for the WS group.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "545.89" }
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W872461402
Result
Questionnaire scores were poor for the WS group in relation to DS and TD groups.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "503.22" }
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W872461402
Result
Asking for help for the DS group, and becoming emotional for the WS group, was related to reaching the solution.
{ "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": "570.76" }
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W872461402
Purpose
In general, associations between experimental and everyday measures were scarce.
{ "m": "Stating a negative result", "s": "509.45" }
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W872461402
Result
It was concluded that while EFs planning, visuospatial working memory were constraining factors for WS problem solving, alternative strategies were used by the DS group to reach the solution reallife problem solving should be considered in its own right and poor WS problem solving may be related to emotional difficulti...
{ "m": "Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution", "s": "444.59" }
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W872461402
Limitations
Anthracycline resistance is known to be mediated by Pglycoprotein Pgp or multidrugresistance related protein MRP as well as intracellular sequestration of drugs.
{ "m": "Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)", "s": "465.95" }
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W2012121129
Keywords
The resistance phenotype of doxorubicinselected MCF7DXR human breast adenocarcinoma cell line was characterized by cellular and nuclear daunorubicin efflux, Pgp and MRP expression and apoptosis induction.
{ "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": "450.31" }
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W2012121129
Result
Daunorubicin sequestration was investigated through organelle markers lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and daunorubicin colocalization by dualcolor image analysis fluorescence microscopy using high numerical aperture objective lenses to achieve the smallest field depth and the best lateral resolutio...
{ "m": "Indicating the methodology for the current research", "s": "411.79" }
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W2012121129
Method
Signal to noise and specificity ratios were optimized for daunorubicin and organelle fluorescent probes labeling.
{ "m": "Describing the process: adverbs of manner", "s": "594.54" }
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W2012121129
Method
An original image analysis procedure was developed to investigate daunorubicin and organelles colocalization.
{ "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": "495.57" }
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W2012121129
Method
The reliability of the image analysis was controlled through chromatic shift and intensity linearity measurement using calibrated microbeads.
{ "m": "Describing the process: adverbs of manner", "s": "528.5" }
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W2012121129
Method
The main contribution 65 of Golgi vesicles in daunorubicin sequestration was demonstrated.
{ "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting proportions", "s": "489.14" }
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W2012121129
Method
Although no rational relationship could be established between daunorubicin sequestration and apoptosis induction, no apoptosis was observed in MCF7DXR cells.
{ "m": "Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution", "s": "362.76" }
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W2012121129
Limitations
In addition to Pglycoprotein mediated drug efflux and without MRP overexpression, MCF7DXR daunorubicin resistance phenotype involves drug sequestration within intracellular vesicles identified as Golgi vesicles and resistance to apoptosis induction.
{ "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": "573.1" }
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W2012121129
Result
The suitability and effectiveness of whole body vibration WBV exercise in rehabilitation after injury of the anterior cruciate ligament ACL was studied using a specially designed WBV protocol.
{ "m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was adopted", "s": "462.57" }
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W136748859
Purpose
We wanted to test the hypothesis if WBV leads to superior short term results regarding neuromuscular performance strength and coordination and would be less time consuming than a current standard muscle strengthening protocol.
{ "m": "Stating the aims of the current research (note frequent use of past tense)", "s": "539.33" }
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W136748859
Hypothesis
In this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, forty patients who tore their ACL and underwent subsequent ligament reconstruction were enrolled.
{ "m": "Setting out the research questions or hypotheses", "s": "516.22" }
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W136748859
Aims
Patients were randomized to the whole body vibration n20 or standard rehabilitation exercise protocol n20.
{ "m": "Describing the process: using + instrument", "s": "442.87" }
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W136748859
Method
Both protocols started in the 2nd week after surgery.
{ "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline: time frame given", "s": "535.14" }
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[ 0.9871387481689453, 0.021977290511131287, -2.357419013977051, -0.16368083655834198, -0.5513898730278015, -0.1658674031496048, 0.12952257692813873, -0.8383248448371887, 0.33801355957984924, -0.36089053750038147, -0.17947834730148315, 1.2836308479309082, 1.8908367156982422, 0.575757205486297...
W136748859
Importance
Isometric and isokinetic strength measurements, clinical assessment, Lysholm score, neuromuscular performance were conducted weeks 2, 5, 8 and 11 after surgery.
{ "m": "Describing the process: sequence words", "s": "452.52" }
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[ 0.5681217312812805, -1.4465411901474, -2.367508888244629, -0.7418422102928162, 1.2841614484786987, -2.7202529907226562, 2.286668539047241, -1.5645242929458618, -0.1584152728319168, 0.1439744085073471, -0.13822564482688904, -0.37856894731521606, 0.26546066999435425, 1.2363964319229126, 0....
W136748859
Method
Time spent for rehabilitation exercise was reduced to less than a half in the WBV group.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "498.53" }
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W136748859
Method
There were no statistically significant differences in terms of clinical assessment, Lysholm score, isokinetic and isometric strength.
{ "m": "Stating a negative result", "s": "315.81" }
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W136748859
Result
The WBV group displayed significant better results in the stability test.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "357.97" }
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W136748859
Result
In conclusion, preliminary data indicate that our whole body vibration muscle exercise protocol seems to be a good alternative to a standard exercise program in ACLrehabilitation.
{ "m": "Indicating an expected outcome", "s": "441.28" }
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W136748859
Hypothesis
Despite of its significant reduced time requirement it is at least equally effective compared to a standard rehabilitation protocol.
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W136748859
Limitations
Key pointsIn this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis if WBV leads to superior short term results regarding neuromuscular performance strength and coordination and would be less time consuming than a current standard muscle strengthening protocol in forty patients who underwent AC...
{ "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": "551.06" }
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W136748859
Purpose
Time spent for rehabilitation exercise was reduced to less than a half in the WBV group as compared to the standard exercise group.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "509.41" }
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W136748859
Result
Both protocols showed no differences regarding clinical assessment, Lysholm score, isokinetic and isometric strength.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "421.71" }
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W136748859
Result
Despite a more than 50 reduction in time spent for exercise sessions, the WBV group achieved significant better results in the stability test.
{ "m": "Indicating an unexpected outcome", "s": "373.0" }
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W136748859
Result