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2,869,038,153,928 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\smallskip
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over ${\mathbb Q}$.
For a prime $p$ of good reduction for $E$
the reduction of $E$ modulo $p$ is an elliptic curve $E_p$ defined over the finite field ${\mathbb F}_p$
with $p$ elements.
Denote by $E_p({\mathbb F}_p)$ the group of ${\mathbb F}_p$-r... |
2,869,038,153,929 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The $\alpha+d$ radiative capture
\begin{equation}
\alpha+d \rightarrow ^6{\rm Li} +\gamma
\label{eq:alphad}
\end{equation}
has recently received quite some interest, triggered by the so-called
$^6$Li~ problem. In the theory of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), even if it is a... |
2,869,038,153,930 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Braverman and Gaitsgory~\cite{BG} gave conditions for an
algebra
to be a PBW deformation of a Koszul algebra.
Etingof and Ginzburg~\cite{EG} adapted these conditions
to the setting of a Koszul ring over a semisimple group ring $\CC G$
using results of Beilinson, Ginzburg, and Soergel~... |
2,869,038,153,931 | arxiv | \section{\uppercase{Introduction}}
\label{sec:introduction}
Lung sounds auscultation is the first and most common examination carried out by every general practitioner or family doctor. It is fast, easy and well known procedure, popularized by La\"ennec \cite{stethoscopeInventor}, who invented the stethoscope. Nowada... |
2,869,038,153,932 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The most massive galaxies form earliest in the Universe, known as downsizing of galaxy formation (e.g., \cite{1996AJ....112..839C}, \cite{2010MNRAS.404.1775T}).
This naturally motivates us to explore massive mature galaxies at the highest redshift.
The current record redshift of spectroscopicall... |
2,869,038,153,933 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Contrary to the conventional wisdom, recent studies have shown that elliptical and lenticular galaxies also have interesting interstellar medium. They not only have X-ray-emitting hot gas, many of them also have substantial amount of warm and cold gas, and dust \citep[e.g.][]{Phillips86,Kim89,Bu... |
2,869,038,153,934 | arxiv |
\subsection{Classification of extremals}
We are now in a position to determine extremals $(q^*(t),\psi^*(t),u^*(t))$. For any extremal, the function $H^*$ is maximized at each time instant $t$ (necessary condition $N3$), implying that
\begin{dgroup}
\begin{dmath}
u_1}%{u_1(t) = u_m \ \mathrm{sign}\bigpar{\frac{r}{m} \... |
2,869,038,153,935 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The baryons built of four quarks and an antiquark as the lowest
Fock component, referred to as pentaquarks, are not forbidden by theory
and have been discussed ever since the appearance of the quark model
\cite{forerunners}.
The critical prediction by Diakonov, Petrov and
Polyakov \cite... |
2,869,038,153,936 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{ulti}-organ segmentation of organs such as the liver, pancreas and stomach in abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans is an essential task for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), image-guided robotic surgeries, radiation therapy, and virtual surgeries \cite{cad, robotics_surgery, 7... |
2,869,038,153,937 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In 2001, Razumov and Stroganov~\cite{RS-conj} conjectured that there is a correspondence between the Fully Packed Loop (FPL) configurations, a combinatorial model, and the components of the groundstate vector in the $O(n)$ Loop model, a model in statistical physics.
On the one hand, the connect... |
2,869,038,153,938 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A lot of effort has been devoted to understanding how galaxies evolve in clusters
over recent years.
Most of the attention has been placed on the highest-mass clusters,
largely because they are the
easiest ones to detect to high-redshift, and therefore can be contrasted
to lower redshift analog... |
2,869,038,153,939 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The supersymmetric t-J model is often considered a candidate for describing
high $T_c$
superconductivity~\cite{Korepin:1994,Foerster:1993fp,Foerster:1993uk}. The
underlying symmetry is described by the supersymmetric (graded) Lie algebra
$sl(2,1)$. Integrable models with supersymmetry ... |
2,869,038,153,940 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The growth of dark matter halos and galaxies can be most accurately computed using numerical simulations. Understanding the physical origin of environmental quenching \citep[e.g.][]{kauffmann_EnvironmentalDependenceRelations_2004,peng_MassEnvironmentDrivers_2010}, intrinsic alignments \citep[e.g... |
2,869,038,153,941 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Information processing, in the sense of changing the information of or retrieving information from a signal, can only be accomplished by nonlinear systems, while causal, stable, linear systems do not affect a signal's entropy rate~\cite{Shannon_TheoryOfComm},~\cite[pp.~663]{Papou... |
2,869,038,153,942 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the last decade, technological developments have made possible the
fabrication of one and zero dimensional nanostructures such as quantum wires
and quantum dots (QDs). The interest on these systems comes from their novel
optical and transport properties and has been stimulated by the succ... |
2,869,038,153,943 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that many problems in engineering are subject to uncertainty in the input parameters, e.g.\ material data, boundary conditions, and geometry. In the present case, we are interested in the forward-propagation of such uncertainty to the quantity of interest, e.g.\ deformation or st... |
2,869,038,153,944 | arxiv | \section*{Note Added:}
\noindent After this letter was accepted for publication, we became aware of
the work of Girvin and MacDonald \cite{girvin}, where they
showed that the gauge-transformed Laughlin
wave-function [ eq. (7) of their paper] shows off-diagonal long-range order.
It then immediately follows that the Cal... |
2,869,038,153,945 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\citet{HE1327_Nature} recently reported the discovery of the dwarf or subgiant
HE~1327$-$2326, the most iron-poor star known to date (with
$\mbox{[Fe/H]}_{\rm{NLTE}}=-5.4$). Abundances were derived for nine elements
and upper limits for a further eight \citep{Aokihe1327}, including oxygen
($\mbo... |
2,869,038,153,946 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The theory of Byzantine fault tolerance was conceived by Leslie Lamport \cite{lamport} for describing the problems that distributed systems face in the context of adversarial faults. Byzantine faulty components in a distributed system might behave in an arbitrary way in order to disrupt the ope... |
2,869,038,153,947 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The study of the properties of the Higgs boson, which is responsible
for electroweak symmetry breaking, is one of the main goals of the LHC
program. The standard model (SM) relates the mass of a fermion to its
Yukawa coupling, \ie, the strength of its interaction with the Higgs... |
2,869,038,153,948 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The earliest luminous quasars, powered by billion solar mass supermassive black holes (SMBHs), can be used not only to constrain the physics of SMBH accretion and the assembly of the first generation of massive galaxies in the early Universe, but also to obtain critical informat... |
2,869,038,153,949 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{footnote}{0}
It is well known that optimising a proxy can lead to unintended outcomes:
a boat spins in circles collecting ``powerups'' instead of following the race track in a racing game \citep{clark2016faulty};
an evolved circuit listens in on radio signals from nearby computers... |
2,869,038,153,950 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Clusters of galaxies are among the most important objects for cosmological
studies. Models of large scale structure formation such as CDM, predict
that the abundance of clusters is determined by the spectrum of primordial
perturbations and cosmological parameters $\Omega$ and $\Lambda$.
Observa... |
2,869,038,153,951 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the experimental realization of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect
in ultracold atomic gases \citep{Lin2011s,Wang2012s,Cheuk2012s},
it is possible to investigate many interesting and exotic matter states,
like stripe phase \citep{Ho2011b} and topological state \citep{Jiang2011m}, etc,
in thi... |
2,869,038,153,952 | arxiv |
\section*{S1 - Exact Computation of $\bm{\left<R_g^2\right>}$}
In the present section, we evaluate the mean squared radius of gyration, extending a method that has been used,
for example by Rubinstein and Colby \cite{rubinstein}, for the calculation
of $\left<R_g^2\right>$ of an unperturbed Freely-Jointed Chain.
Th... |
2,869,038,153,953 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Experimental progress in controlling ultra-cold atoms has opened a new chapter in our understanding of the properties of strongly-correlated many-body quantum systems \cite{Lewenstein2007,Bloch2008}. Old fashioned theoretical toy-models known from condensed matter physics are undergoing a renaiss... |
2,869,038,153,954 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal in many real-world applications of artificial intelligence is to create a pipeline from data, to predictive models, to decisions. Together, these steps enable a form of evidence-based decision making which has transformative potential across domains such as healthcare, scientific disc... |
2,869,038,153,955 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Liquid crystal droplets have been extensively studied, both from theoretical and experimental points of view \cite{deGennes1993,Dubois-Violette1969,Williams1986,Bezic1992,Lavrentovich1998,Lopez-Leon2011b,Orlova2015}. They are of particular interest to the scientific community because they repres... |
2,869,038,153,956 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction.}
\label{sec_introduction}
Since the end of the nineties,
constructing maps of the internet using {\tt trace\-route} -like measurements
received much attention, see for instance
\cite{faloutsos99sigcomm, dimes,skitter,trahome,scamper,ripeNccTtm,nlanrAmp,whatToDo,atlas,heuristics,scriptroute}.
Su... |
2,869,038,153,957 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In the quest for designing advanced propulsion and power-generation systems, there is an increasing need for an effective methodology that combines engineering physics, computer simulations and statistical modeling. A key point of interest in this design process is the treatment... |
2,869,038,153,958 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}\label{sec-1}
The quasihyperbolic metric (briefly, QH metric) was introduced by Gehring and
his students Palka and Osgood in the 1970's \cite{Geo, GP} in the setting of Euclidean spaces
${\mathbb R}^n$ $(n\ge 2).$ Since its first appearance, the quasihyperbolic metric has bec... |
2,869,038,153,959 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gaussian graphical model is a graphical representation of the dependence structure for a Gaussian random vector. It is recognized as a powerful tool in different applied fields such as bioinformatics, error-control codes, speech language, information retrieval and others \cite{Jordan_2004}. The... |
2,869,038,153,960 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Black hole evaporation is perhaps the salient problem of fundamental
physics nowadays, since it tests gravity, quantum field theory and
thermodynamics in their full regimes. Hawking's calculation showing
that black holes radiate a thermal spectrum initiated the study of
this phenomenon. However,... |
2,869,038,153,961 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider time fractional parabolic equations with a non-local type time derivative term of the form
\begin{equation}
\label{eq0525_01}
- \partial_t^\alpha u + a^{ij}(t,x) D_{ij} u + b^i(t,x) D_i u + c(t,x) u = f(t,x)
\end{equation}
in $(0,T) \times \mathbb{R}^d$, where $... |
2,869,038,153,962 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we discuss the limiting theory for a novel, unifying class of
non-parametric measures of the variation of financial prices. The theory
covers commonly used estimators of variation such as realised volatility,
but it also encompasses more recently suggested quantities like realised
... |
2,869,038,153,963 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Matrix factorisations are a beautiful mathematical subject in the
sense that they are easy to define and still have a lot of interesting
structures. Furthermore they can be used and applied in physics, where
they describe boundary conditions and defects in $N=2$ supersymmetric
Landau-Ginzburg (L... |
2,869,038,153,964 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The coadjoint representation has Poisson nature: the Lie bracket of a Lie algebra $\gg$ canonically induces a linear Poisson
bracket on its dual $\gg^*$. The symplectic leaves of the linear Poisson structure are the coadjoint orbits.
The induced symplectic structure on a coadjoint orbit is th... |
2,869,038,153,965 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
If $(X,0)$ is the germ of an algebraic (analytic) variety, then one
can define two natural metrics on it. Both are defined by choosing an
embedding of $(X,0)$ into $(\mathbbm{C}^N,0)$. The first is the \emph{outer
metric}, where the distance between two points $x,y\in X$ is given by
$d_{out}(x... |
2,869,038,153,966 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
\subsection{Hypersingular Riesz gases} \label{sec-gensetting}
Let $d \geq 1$ and $s$ be a real number with $s > d$. We consider a system of $N$ points in the Euclidean space $\Rd$ with \textit{hypersingular} Riesz pairwise interactions, in an external field $V$. The particles are... |
2,869,038,153,967 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At the onset of surface theory surfaces in 3-space, and especially
canonical surfaces in 3-space, occupied a central role.
In particular, this study led to the famous Noether inequality $K^2
\geq 2 p_g - 4$, while
Castelnuovo observed that if the canonical map of a minimal smooth
surface $... |
2,869,038,153,968 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
The powerful star formation and nuclear activity that led to the buildup of massive galaxies through cosmic time have been the subject of many studies. Most of these have focused on the cosmic time period elapsed between redshifts $z\sim 1.5$ and 3, when the cosmic star format... |
2,869,038,153,969 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The time analysis has been grounded throughout the years \cite{Penrose} shows the possibility of a cyclical cosmological time. However, he did not show a standard mathematical foundation for his arguments, neither, early, outlined possible future developments for this new view of ... |
2,869,038,153,970 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Complex Organic Molecules (COMs) are organic molecules with six or more atoms, over 50 species of which have been detected in the ISM \citep{Herbst2009}. Understanding the chemistry that leads to the formation of such large molecules is an active area of research including labor... |
2,869,038,153,971 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
With the current power of machine learning, it is possible to discover information about the items in a training set with high accuracy: for example, \citet{fredrikson-etal:2015:CCS} showed that a model inversion attack, using information about prediction confidence from machin... |
2,869,038,153,972 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Protostellar disks play a crucial role in both star and planet formation but details of how these disks form remain unclear. Historically, the disk formation was understood as a simple consequence of angular momentum conservation \citep{bod95}. However, the picture becomes more complicated when ... |
2,869,038,153,973 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
More than forty years ago, Frank Stillinger~\cite{FS73} argued that the liquid water interface adjacent to extended non polar hydrophobic substrate is universal and shares the same microscopic features as a liquid-vapor interface. Subsequent theory and molecular simulations support this idea~\ci... |
2,869,038,153,974 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) has been regarded as a promising architecture for the next-generation wireless networks \cite{Simeone-et-al:JCN16}.
The C-RAN enables centralized signal processing by means of fronthaul links connecting central processors (CPs) and access points (APs). Due to th... |
2,869,038,153,975 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{introduction_v4}
\section{Method}
\input{method_v6}
\section{Related work}
\label{sec:related_work}
\input{related_work_v2}
\section{Experiments}
\input{experiments_v5}
\section{Discussion}
\input{discussion_v3}
\section{Conclusion}
\input{... |
2,869,038,153,976 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Generalized planning, where a single plan works for a set of similar planning problems, has received continual attention in the AI community \cite{2008Learning,2011Generalized,2018Features,AguasCJ19,2019Illanes}. For example, the general solution ``while the block $A$ is not clear, pick the top ... |
2,869,038,153,977 | arxiv | \section{\boldmath Introduction}
The hadron spectrum was successfully categorized based on the quark model as early as the 1960s~\cite{quarkmodel}. For a long time, all known hadrons could be classified as mesons or baryons with components of a quark-antiquark pair ($q \bar{q}$) or three quarks ($qqq$), respectively. ... |
2,869,038,153,978 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper complements and generalizes the results obtained in
\cite{alessio} on the microscopic foundations of the
optics of materials. The main new result of that paper was a proof
of the existence of polaritons in ionic crystals,
that was obtained by calculating the normal modes and
exhibit... |
2,869,038,153,979 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cellular Automata (CAs for short) are both discrete dynamical systems and a model of computation. They
were introduced in the late 1940s independently by John von~Neumann and Stanislaw Ulam to
study, respectively, self-replicating systems and the growth of quasi-crystals.
A $d$-dimensional CA co... |
2,869,038,153,980 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
In this work, we establish a connection between two seemingly
disparate topics and techniques: mock modular forms (holomorphic parts
of harmonic Maass forms) and
non-critical
values of $L$-functions of cusp forms. To describe this connection, we
first outline each of these topics... |
2,869,038,153,981 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum fluctuations in the light field observables have been a subject of
intensive and maintained research since the appearance of quantum optics in
the early sixties, especially since the discovery of the nonclassical states
of light and the generation of squeezed light in the mid eighties \c... |
2,869,038,153,982 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Real world industrial or environmental problems, {\it e.g.}, management of industrial risks, typically involve physical and chemical phenomena having a multitude of dynamically active spatial and temporal scales.
Their direct numerical modelling thus leads to prohibitive computational cost.
In... |
2,869,038,153,983 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Field theories with a complex action are difficult to treat
nonperturbatively, because the weight $e^{-S} = |e^{-S}|e^{i\varphi}$ in
the partition function is not real. Standard numerical approaches based on
a probability interpretation and importa... |
2,869,038,153,984 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Understanding processes of kinetic dissipation in magnetized plasma is essential for explaining the physical origin and evolution of the solar wind. Observationally, the power spectral density (PSD) of the magnetic field fluctuations is commonly divided into two regimes separa... |
2,869,038,153,985 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The analogy between electric current and the flow of water
is in fact older than the discovery of the electrons.
There are essentially two ways to move "water" (charge) between
two ``pools" (reservoirs): One possibility is to exploit
potential difference between the two reservoirs so as to
make... |
2,869,038,153,986 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A traditional non-integer base $\beta$ was explored by R\'{e}nyi \cite{R} and Parry \cite{P}. It represented numbers using digits not-exceeding $\beta$. Every nonnegative real number can be represented as a string of digits, usually using the radix point in such bases. Integers are usually repre... |
2,869,038,153,987 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\resizebox{\columnwidth}{!}{
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{PPE-R-nonyl}}
\caption{Chemical structure of poly {\em para} phenylene ethynylene\xspace (poly-PPE). In this work $R$ indicates nonyl chains. $n$ is the number of repeat units, or the degre... |
2,869,038,153,988 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider an initial market model represented by the triplet $(S,\mathbb F,P)$, where $S$ represents the discounted prices for $d$-stocks, $\mathbb F$ is the ``public" information that is available to most agents, and $P$ is a probability measure. To this initial model, we add a... |
2,869,038,153,989 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Learning to control one's body is a crucial skill for any embodied agent. A common way of framing the problem of learning to control an agent is Reinforcement Learning (RL). RL poses the problem in terms of actions that an agent can perform, observed states of the world and some reward function t... |
2,869,038,153,990 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we consider the risk-sensitive reward maximization problem on
${\mathds{R}^{d}}$ for diffusions controlled through the drift.
The main objective is to derive a variational formulation for the risk-sensitive
reward in the spirit of \cite{VAB}, which does so for discrete time problem... |
2,869,038,153,991 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Subject to the truth of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH), the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function can be written as $\rho=\tfrac{1}{2}+i\gamma$, where $\gamma\in\mathbb{R}$. Denote consecutive ordinates of zeros by $0<\gamma\leq\gamma'$, we define the normalized gap
\begin{equation*}
\d... |
2,869,038,153,992 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and setting the stage for DYN model}
\label{S-Introduction}
Measurements of White Light (WL) brightnesses and polarization (pB)
during solar eclipses have often been used in the past to infer and
calculate the electron density distribution ($\mathrm{n_e}$), the
radial distribution of coron... |
2,869,038,153,993 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Single-view multi-object tracking (MOT) has been extensively explored in recent years \cite{tracktor_2019_ICCV,wang2020towards,centertrack,wang2019exploit,zhang2021fairmot,wang2022recent,braso2022multi}. However, the limitation of the single viewpoint causes occluded objects to be lo... |
2,869,038,153,994 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of phases of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions \cite{Akiba:2015jwa, Fukushima:2010bq} is attracting broad interest in recent years, extending far beyond nuclear matter.
Fruitful interdisciplinary collaborations, among others, with the field of ultracold atomic gases (... |
2,869,038,153,995 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
All magnetically ordered materials, depending on the alignment of spins, are divided into two primary classes: ferro- and antiferromagnets. Ferromagnets are characterized by parallel alignment of spins which results in net magnetic moment, while spins in antiferromagnets a... |
2,869,038,153,996 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Electrification is considered as a major developing factor in modern societies. However, even if 84\% of world population did have access to electricity in 2016, this figure hides significant disparities. First, between countries, as this percentage dropped to 19\% for sub-Saharan Africa during t... |
2,869,038,153,997 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Both head pose estimation and face alignment have been well studied in recent years given their wide application in human computer interaction, avatar animation, \wenxuan{and} face recognition/verification. These two problems are very correlated and putting them together will enable mutual benef... |
2,869,038,153,998 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sectionintroduction}
Precise determinations of the top quark mass $m$ are among the most important
Standard Model measurements being carried out at the Tevatron, and being planned
at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and a future International Linear Collider
(ILC). A precise top mass dete... |
2,869,038,153,999 | arxiv | \section{Application}
\label{sec:app}
Exploring image collections have been one of the main applications for distance preserving grids, with a positive impact on image retrieval tasks~\cite{similarity2011schoeffmann}. In this section, we present a strategy using DGrid to explore photo collections that allow users to c... |
2,869,038,154,000 | arxiv | |
2,869,038,154,001 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In the present work we consider the one-dimensional shallow water system with transverse velocity and Coriolis force. This system is also known as 1D rotating shallow-water equations (RSW) and is given by
\begin{equation} \label{eq:RSW1D}
\begin{cases}
\partial_t h + \partia... |
2,869,038,154,002 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the vicinity of the equilibrium state of the nuclear Fermi-liquid
drop the stiffness coefficients are positive and the system is
stable with respect to particle density and surface distortions. With
decreasing bulk density or increasing internal excitation energy
(temperature) the liquid drop... |
2,869,038,154,003 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations of the solar surface have revealed that the Sun harbors flows at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales \citep[see][for a review]{2005LRSP....2....6G}. These range from megameter-scaled convective cells referred to as granulation, to meridional circulations that span the expans... |
2,869,038,154,004 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Semantic segmentation for urban scenes is an important yet challenging
task for a variety of vision-based applications, including autonomous
driving cars, smart surveillance systems, etc. With the success of
convolutional neural networks (CNNs), numerous successful
fully-supervi... |
2,869,038,154,005 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When lower mass stars evolve and come to core He burning,
their properties can become those of the ``instability strip'' in the HRD.
The atmospheric structure then reaches,
as it were, a certain ``undecidedness'',
causing rhythmic attempts to reach a stable state.
The atmosphere cannot find... |
2,869,038,154,006 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{introduction}
Protoplanetary disks are
crucial objects in low-mass star formation, possessing three vital functions: they
(i) aid the dissipation of angular momentum away from the young stellar system,
(ii) allow the efficient accretion of matter onto the young star and
(iii) conta... |
2,869,038,154,007 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper the pseudomonotonicity of special compositions of nonlinear operators is shown.
More specifically, we consider the system
\begin{eqnarray*}
A (»x,»y) & = & x_0^*, \\
B (»x,»y) & = & y_0^*
\end{eqnarray*}
for operators $ A : X \times Y \rightarrow X ^*$ and ... |
2,869,038,154,008 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider solving the large-scale matrix equation
\begin{equation}\label{eq:matrix equations}
AXB= C,
\end{equation}
where $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times p}$, $B \in \mathbb{R}^{q\times n}$, $C \in \mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$, and unknown matrix $X \in \mathbb{R}^{p\times q}$. The large-scale linear mat... |
2,869,038,154,009 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Why should we use lattice Monte Carlo methods to describe a real system when
there are so many efficient and accurate methods to treat the full problem?
There are at least two good reasons. The first one takes a
pragmatic point of view: For complicated systems a full calculation simply
canno... |
2,869,038,154,010 | arxiv | \chapter*{List of Abbreviations}
\begin{table}[t!]
\begin{tabular}{lll}
AP & & Affine Projection\\
AR & & Auto Regressive\\
LMS & & Least-Mean-Square\\
MSE & & Mean-Squared Error\\
NLMS & & Normalized LMS\\
PAPA & & Proportionate AP Algorithm\\
SM-AP & & Set-Membership Affine Projection\\
SM-NLMS & & Set-Membership ... |
2,869,038,154,011 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\input{introduction}
\section{The saturated IM without signal injection}\label{sec:nohf}
\subsection{A general model of the saturated IM}\label{sec:model}
\input{model}
\subsection{Sensorless first-order observability of the saturated IM}\label{sec:obsnohf}
\input{obs_nohf}
... |
2,869,038,154,012 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Proteins, polymers formed by different kinds of amino acids, fold to
form a specific tridimensional shape. This geometric pattern defines
the majority of functionality within an organism, \emph{i.e.}, the
macroscopic properties, function, and behavior of a given protein... |
2,869,038,154,013 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
In 1999-2002, we developed a three-dimensional, gas-dynamical model and used
it to study the flow patterns in binary
systems~\cite{cit1,cit2,cit3,cit4,cit5,cit6,cit7,cit8,cit9,cit10,cit11,cit12,cit13,cit14}.
These studies
indicate that the flow structure is substantially affected ... |
2,869,038,154,014 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cloud infrastructures are widely deployed to support various emerging applications such as: Google App Engine, Microsoft Window Live Service, IBM Blue Cloud, and Apple Mobile Me \cite{Sadiku2014}. Large-scale data centers (\emph{DC}s), which are the fundamental engines for data processing, are th... |
2,869,038,154,015 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro}
We consider one-dimensional $\alpha$-stable L\'evy processes with scaling index $\alpha\in (0,2)$ killed on entering the interval $[-1,1]$. In Döring et al. \cite{Doer_Kyp_Wei_01} the authors found a positive invariant function (sometimes called positive harmonic function) for s... |
2,869,038,154,016 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heavy quarkonium provides a unique laboratory to study Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) for the bound
states of heavy quark-antiquark system. The nature that the heavy quarkonium is relevant to a
non-relativistic treatment had been known for a long time \cite{QR}. Although the non-relativistic
QCD (... |
2,869,038,154,017 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many supervised learning problems today are solved with deep neural networks exploiting large-scale labeled data. The computational and memory demands associated with the large amount of parameters of deep models can be alleviated by using \emph{sparse} models.
Applying sparseness can be seen a... |
2,869,038,154,018 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
One-dimensional systems
in proximity to s-wave superconductors have recently been extensively investigated as candidates for topological superconductivity \cite{Kitaev2001UnpairedMajoranaFermionsInQuantumWires,Kitaev2009,Ryu2010}.
This includes experiments and calculations on semiconducting nan... |
2,869,038,154,019 | arxiv | \section{Conformal field theory, the central charge and scaling
invariance}
\label{sec:cft}
The SU($N$) Wess--Zumino--Witten (WZW) models have been found to capture
the low energy behavior of a family of critical quantum spin
chains~\cite{affleck-87prb5291}. WZW models are conformal field
theories, meaning that the ... |
2,869,038,154,020 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
``Scale models'' are ubiquitous in fields such as fluid dynamics.
They are physical or numerical models that preserve some of the
important properties of an object being modeled while not preserving
the original dimensions of the object. The main goal of this paper ... |
2,869,038,154,021 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:Intro}
We consider the integral (Fig.~\ref{F:Intro})
\begin{equation}
I(a_1,a_2,a_2,a_4,a_5) = \frac{(k^2)^{\sum a_i-d}}{\pi^d}
\int \frac{d^d k_1\,d^d k_2}%
{[(k_1-k)^2]^{a_1} [(k_2-k)^2]^{a_2} [(k_1-k_2)^2]^{a_3} (k_2^2)^{a_4} (k_1^2)^{a_5}}
\label{Intro:mom}
\end{equation}
in $d=4-2\... |
2,869,038,154,022 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Connections between non-integrability, many-body physics, complexity, ergodicity, and entropy generation are the cornerstones of statistical mechanics. The aim of quantum chaos is to extend these questions in the quantum domain.
Foundational works in this regard include semiclassical methods conn... |
2,869,038,154,023 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Solar prominences, also called filaments when they are viewed on-disk, are long-observed but still not well-known structures in the solar atmosphere. Since they are outstanding features in multiple-wavelength observations of the Sun and have close relationships with various solar eruptive phenom... |
2,869,038,154,024 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lifelong learning considers systems that continually learn new tasks, from one or more domains, over the course of a lifetime. Lifelong learning is a large, open problem and is of great importance to the development of general purpose Artificially Intelligent (AI) agents. A formal definition of ... |
2,869,038,154,025 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{\bibname}}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\newcommand{\triangleq}{\triangleq}
\newcommand{\mathbb{E}}{\mathbb{E}}
\newcommand{\arabic{algorithm}}{\arabic{algorithm}}
\theoremstyle{definition}
\newtheorem{algo... |
2,869,038,154,026 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
When solving the Einstein equations numerically, the standard way is to
split the spacetime into space and time.
The most fundamental decomposition of the Einstein equations is the
Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) formulation \cite{ADM62, York78}.
However, it is well known that ... |
2,869,038,154,027 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An accurate and precise measurement of the Hubble constant at the few-percent level imposes significant constraints on the equation of state of dark energy and other cosmologically relevant parameters \citep{komatsu11}. The next generation of surveys aimed at improving our understanding of dark e... |
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