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Answer the following medical question: | Can low dose naltrexone be used to treat severe depression? | The purpose of this pilot study is to determine if taking a low dose of naltrexone in addition to an antidepressant medication can help treat relapse or recurrence in people with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence ... |
Answer the following medical question: | Can low dose naltrexone be used to treat severe depression? | LDN augmentation showed some benefit for MDD relapse on dopaminergic agents. Confirmation in larger studies is needed. |
Answer the following medical question: | What is hepatitis and how is it transmitted? | Scientists have identified 5 unique hepatitis viruses, identified by the letters A, B, C, D, and E. While all cause liver disease, they vary in important ways. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is present in the faeces of infected persons and is most often transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or food. Certain se... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is hepatitis and how is it transmitted? | HEPATITIS A is caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV) Routes of Transmission Ingestion of fecal matter, even in microscopic amounts, from: * Close person-to-person contact with an infected person * Sexual contact with an infected person * Ingestion of contaminated food or drinks HEPATITIS B is caused by the Hepatitis B ... |
Answer the following medical question: | Are small lumps around the scrotum a symptom of Jock Itch? | Jock itch usually stays around the creases of the upper thigh and does not involve the scrotum or penis. Jock itch may spread to the anus, causing anal itching and discomfort. Symptoms include: Red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze; patches often have sharply-defined edges with scale at the edges. Patche... |
Answer the following medical question: | Are small lumps around the scrotum a symptom of Jock Itch? | Itchy Crotch Cause: Fungal Infections How you know you have it: You'll likely develop a rash along with the itching, though its appearance varies depending on the type of fungus causing it. For instance, if a yeast infection is responsible, you may notice moist, shiny areas of skin on your penis, and possibly some whit... |
Answer the following medical question: | What causes rib cage pain? How is it remedied? | Ribcage pain may be caused by any of the following: Bruised, cracked, or fractured rib Inflammation of cartilage near the breastbone (costochondritis) Osteoporosis Pleurisy (the pain is worse when breathing deeply) Rest and not moving the area (immobilization) are the best cures for a ribcage fracture. Follow your heal... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is hantavirus and is it fatal? | Hantavirus is a serious infection that gets worse quickly. Lung failure can occur and may lead to death. Even with aggressive treatment, more than one half of people who have this disease in their lungs die. |
Answer the following medical question: | Is there always an elevated temperature associated with appendicitis? | A blockage inside of the appendix causes appendicitis. The blockage leads to increased pressure, problems with blood flow, and inflammation. If the blockage is not treated, the appendix can burst and spread infection into the abdomen. This causes a condition called peritonitis. The main symptom is pain in the abdomen, ... |
Answer the following medical question: | How frequently should a dose of 5 mg of oxybutinin be taken? | Adults The usual dose is one 5-mg tablet two to three times a day. The maximum recommended dose is one 5-mg tablet four times a day. A lower starting dose of 2.5 mg two or three times a day is recommended for the frail elderly. |
Answer the following medical question: | What its the efficacy of administering Gabamentine and hydrocodone together and are there any interactions? | 1. Coadministration of NEURONTIN with hydrocodone decreases hydrocodone exposure [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)]. The potential for alteration in hydrocodone exposure and effect should be considered when NEURONTIN is started or discontinued in a patient taking hydrocodone. 2. Coadministration of NEURONTIN (125 to 50... |
Answer the following medical question: | The question concerns drug interactions such as the safety of taking Diclofenac with Isinopril or other NSAIDs. | Avoid Concomitant Use of NSAIDs Inform patients that the concomitant use of diclofenac sodium extended-release tablets with other NSAIDs or salicylates (e.g., diflunisal, salsalate) is not recommended due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal toxicity, and little or no increase in efficacy (see WARNINGS: GASTROINTE... |
Answer the following medical question: | The question concerns drug interactions such as the safety of taking Diclofenac with Isinopril or other NSAIDs. | Some foods and medicines may affect how lisinopril works. Tell your doctor if you are using any of the following: Aliskiren, everolimus, lithium, sirolimus, temsirolimus Another blood pressure medicine, including an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) Diuretic (water pill, including amiloride, spironolactone, triamteren... |
Answer the following medical question: | Is trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) progressive and how is it diagnosed? | Trisomy 13, also called Patau syndrome, is a chromosomal condition associated with severe intellectual disability and physical abnormalities in many parts of the body. Individuals with trisomy 13 often have heart defects, brain or spinal cord abnormalities, very small or poorly developed eyes (microphthalmia), extra fi... |
Answer the following medical question: | Is trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) progressive and how is it diagnosed? | Clinical tests (28 available) Cytogenetics Tests FISH-metaphase (3) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (2) FISH-interphase (8) Karyotyping (9) Molecular Genetics Tests Detection of homozygosity (2) Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (2) Targeted variant analysis (5) Detection of homozygosity (2) Delet... |
Answer the following medical question: | To what extent is quinine in seltzer water effective in treating leg cramps? | Muscle cramps can occur anywhere and in anyone; however, leg cramps are especially common in older people. Quinine is a medicine which has been used to treat cramps for many years. There is conflicting evidence for its ability to reduce cramps. Quinine can cause serious, even fatal adverse events, especially in overdos... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is the recommended treatment and prevention protocol for mite infestation in humans? | When a person is infested with scabies mites the first time, symptoms may not appear for up to two months after being infested. However, an infested person can transmit scabies, even if they do not have symptoms. Scabies usually is passed by direct, prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested person. However, a per... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is the recommended treatment and prevention protocol for mite infestation in humans? | Products used to treat scabies are called scabicides because they kill scabies mites; some also kill mite eggs. Scabicides used to treat human scabies are available only with a doctor's prescription. No "over-the-counter" (non-prescription) products have been tested and approved to treat scabies. Scabicide lotion or cr... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is the recommended treatment and prevention protocol for mite infestation in humans? | Scabies treatment involves eliminating the infestation with medications. Several creams and lotions are available with a doctor's prescription. You usually apply the medication over all your body, from your neck down, and leave the medication on for at least eight hours. A second treatment is needed if new burrows and ... |
Answer the following medical question: | Is it safe to take medications with wine at dinnertime? | Mixing alcohol and medicines can be harmful. Alcohol, like some medicines, can make you sleepy, drowsy,or lightheaded. Drinking alcohol while taking medicines can intensify these effects. You may have trouble concentrating or performing mechanical skills. Small amounts of alcohol can make it dangerous to drive, and whe... |
Answer the following medical question: | oxytetracycline hydrochloride and neomycin sulfate powder (NEO-OXY 100/100)is used for the treatment of what conditions and in what subjects? | Calves (milk replacer): For Calves (up to 250 lb): For treatment of bacterial enteritis caused by Escheria coli susceptible to oxytetracycline; treatment and control of colibacillosis (bacterial enteritis) caused by Escheria coli susceptible by neomycin. Feed continuously for 7-14 days in milk replacer or starter feed.... |
Answer the following medical question: | oxytetracycline hydrochloride and neomycin sulfate powder (NEO-OXY 100/100)is used for the treatment of what conditions and in what subjects? | MIXING AND USE DIRECTIONS Mix Neo-Oxy 100/100 MR with nonmedicated milk replacer to provide the following concentrations: CALVES (milk replacer) - For calves (up to 250 lb) for increased rate of weight gain and improved feed efficiency. Oxytetracycline and Neomycin Amount: 0.05-0.1 mg/lb of body weight daily. Feed cont... |
Answer the following medical question: | What causes Hypoglycemia in newborns and is there a way for a pregnant woman to avoid giving birth to a child with Hypoglycemia? | Babies need blood sugar (glucose) for energy. Most of that glucose is used by the brain. The baby gets glucose from the mother through the placenta before birth. After birth, the baby gets glucose from the mother through her milk or from formula, and the baby also produces it in the liver. Glucose level can drop if: Th... |
Answer the following medical question: | Can a CT scan detect diverticulitis or diverticulosis? | CT scan: This radiology test takes multiple cross-sectional pictures of the body. It is not generally performed to make a diagnosis of diverticulosis, but this type of exam, when done for other reasons, may identify diverticula. |
Answer the following medical question: | Can a CT scan detect diverticulitis or diverticulosis? | What tests do doctors use to diagnose diverticulosis and diverticulitis? Your doctor may use the following tests to help diagnose diverticulosis and diverticulitis:CT scan A computerized tomography (CT) scan uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to create images of your gastrointestinal (GI) tract. An x-... |
Answer the following medical question: | What are the most common ways of spreading cold germs? | Common cold Prevention To lower your chances of getting sick: Always wash your hands. Children and adults should wash hands after nose-wiping, diapering, and using the bathroom, and before eating and preparing food. Disinfect your environment. Clean commonly touched surfaces (such as sink handles, door knobs, and sleep... |
Answer the following medical question: | What are the most common ways of spreading cold germs? | Why Some People Are More Likely to Catch a Cold The answer may be in your DNA structures |
Answer the following medical question: | What is maximum daily dosage of Metformin? | The maximum recommended daily dose of metformin hydrochloride tablets are 2550 mg in adults and 2000 mg in pediatric patients (10-16 years of age). |
Answer the following medical question: | Could someone who did not get vaccinated for measles in childhood develop SSPE anytime in adulthood? | Very few cases are seen in the U.S. since the nationwide measles vaccination program. SSPE tends to occur several years after a person has measles, even though the person seems to have fully recovered from the illness. Males are more often affected than females. The disease generally occurs in children and adolescents. |
Answer the following medical question: | Could someone who did not get vaccinated for measles in childhood develop SSPE anytime in adulthood? | Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a very rare, but fatal disease of the central nervous system that results from a measles virus infection acquired earlier in life. SSPE generally develops 7 to 10 years after a person has measles, even though the person seems to have fully recovered from the illness. Since ... |
Answer the following medical question: | What are the most current findings regarding causation, treatment and therapy for children with Kippel-Tranaunay-Syndrome (KTS)? | Supportive care for Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome Compression garments-Your doctor may recommend that your child wear tight-fitting pieces of clothing on the affected limb to reduce pain and swelling. They can also help protect your child's limb from bumps and scrapes, which can cause bleeding. Heel inserts-If your child'... |
Answer the following medical question: | What are the most current findings regarding causation, treatment and therapy for children with Kippel-Tranaunay-Syndrome (KTS)? | There are many different treatment options for patients with KTS depending on your child's symptoms: Compression garments, like tight-fitting, elastic sleeves, supply blood flow back to the heart (chronic vein insufficiency). They prevent lymphedema and recurrent bleeding from capillary or venous malformations of the l... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is the treatment for someone who thinks he has taken an overdose of Iron pills? | Iron is a mineral found in many over-the-counter supplements. Iron overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this mineral. This can be by accident or on purpose. Iron overdose is especially dangerous for children. A severe overdose can happen if a child eats adult multivitamins, s... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is the likelihood that a person with hereditary rickets will pass it to his or her child? | Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets can have several patterns of inheritance. When the condition results from mutations in the PHEX gene, it is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern. The PHEX gene is located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes. In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mut... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is the likelihood that a person with hereditary rickets will pass it to his or her child? | Hypophosphatemic rickets is most often inherited in an X-linked dominant manner. This means that the gene responsible for the condition is located on the X chromosome, and having only one mutated copy of the gene is enough to cause the condition. Because males have only one X chromosome (and one Y chromosome) and femal... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is fibromyalgia and how is it treated? | What do we know about the effectiveness of complementary health approaches for fibromyalgia? Although some studies of tai chi, yoga, mindfulness meditation, and biofeedback for fibromyalgia have had promising results, the evidence is too limited to allow definite conclusions to be reached about whether these approaches... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is your position on Homozygout MTHFR A1298C (a genetic change) Issues and long term prognosis? | MTHFR gene mutation is a genetic change that affects an enzyme involved in breaking down the amino acid homocysteine.[1][2][3] C677T and A1298C are two very common MTHFR gene changes. People with MTHFR gene mutations may develop elevated levels of homocysteine in their blood (homocysteinemia) or urine (homocystinuria).... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is your position on Homozygout MTHFR A1298C (a genetic change) Issues and long term prognosis? | Outlook (Prognosis) Although no cure exists for homocystinuria, vitamin B therapy can help about half of people affected by the condition. If the diagnosis is made in childhood, starting a low-methionine diet quickly may prevent some intellectual disability and other complications of the disease. For this reason, some ... |
Answer the following medical question: | Is a high dose, 50,000 IUs, of vitamin D safe if you have a deficiency? Can high doses cause flatulence or other side effects? | Can vitamin D be harmful? Yes, when amounts in the blood become too high. Signs of toxicity include nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, constipation, weakness, and weight loss. And by raising blood levels of calcium, too much vitamin D can cause confusion, disorientation, and problems with heart rhythm. Excess vitamin D c... |
Answer the following medical question: | What causes shingles and how can it be prevented? | How Can You Reduce Your Risk of Getting Shingles? Vaccination is the only way to reduce your risk of shingles and PHN. CDC recommends adults age 60 years or older receive a single dose of shingles vaccine. Zostavax'ae is the only shingles vaccine currently available. It is available by prescription from a healthcare pr... |
Answer the following medical question: | What medication should a 65 year old male use for leg pain? | Take over-the-counter pain medicines like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. 2. Try over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve) |
Answer the following medical question: | What are the chances that a person with CVID, who also has a thyroid tumor, will get cancer? | 1. The long-term outlook (prognosis) and life expectancy for people with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) varies. The prognosis largely depends on whether there is severe autoimmune disease; whether there are recurrent infections that cause structural lung damage; and the development of a malignancy (cancer). Ot... |
Answer the following medical question: | What are the different types of diabetes and how do they affect the body? | Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body ... |
Answer the following medical question: | How do I taper off from WELLBUTRIN XL 150 mg/day? | 1. he tapered off bupropion SR, taking 150 mg/day for 4 days followed by 150 mg every other day for 8 days (4 total doses) and 150 mg every third day for 6 days (2 total doses) without further complications. 2. For patients taking 300 mg/day during the autumn-winter season, the dose should be tapered to 150 mg/day for ... |
Answer the following medical question: | Is it recommended for patients on Lipitor to have their liver function monitored by blood testing every six months. | prospective monitoring of serum enzymes upon initiating atorvastatin therapy is no longer recommended. Clinically apparent liver injury attributed to atorvastatin is usually self-limited and recovery is complete within 1 to 4 months. |
Answer the following medical question: | Is a calcium supplement beneficial for persons who have osteoporosis, and will the addition of magnesium be of greater benefit? | 1. It's also a good idea to take your calcium supplements at a different time from your multivitamin or an iron-rich meal. Calcium may not be absorbed as well if it's taken at the same time as iron, zinc or magnesium. 2. Vitamin D intake: this nutrient, obtained from food and produced by skin when exposed to sunlight o... |
Answer the following medical question: | Where can one be tested for Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) and Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Southern California? Are the symptoms for those diseases similar? | 1. Invitae Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Panel Laboratory contact: 1400 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94103, United States 2. Invitae Osteogenesis Imperfecta Panel 3. The milder forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, including type I, are characterized by bone fractures during childhood and adolescence that often result f... |
Answer the following medical question: | Can chronic cervicitis cause infertility? Why would tampons cause inflammation? | 1. Cervicitis will go away within a few days to a week after you start taking antibiotics. If you have pelvic inflammatory disease, it may take a few weeks to treat the infection completely. Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause more serious problems, such as infertility or pain from scar tissue. 2. Cervicitis may last... |
Answer the following medical question: | How does trisomy 7 affect the body and are there any treatments for it? | 1. Trisomy 7 is extremely rare at birth and is generally considered lethal in embryogenesis. All surviving children are mosaics with variable and nonspecific clinical features. Chromosomal mosaicism may be suggested by body asymmetry and/or Blaschkolinear skin pigmentary dysplasia associated with developmental delay. C... |
Answer the following medical question: | Does metformin cause high blood pressure? | 1. This meta-analysis suggested that metformin could effectively lower SBP in nondiabetic patients, especially in those with impaired glucose tolerance or obesity. |
Answer the following medical question: | Does metformin cause high blood pressure? | 2. Metformin does not significantly affect BP in patients with Type 2 diabetes intensively treated with insulin. |
Answer the following medical question: | Is aclidinium a steroid? Is it contraindicated within 12 months prior to cataract surgery? | 1. Aclidinium is in a class of medications called bronchodilators. It works by relaxing and opening the air passages to the lungs to make breathing easier. 2. There are currently six muscarinic receptor antagonists licenced for use in the treatment of COPD, the short-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (SAMAs) iprat... |
Answer the following medical question: | What are the effects of smoking and/or nicotine on the digestive system? | 1. Smoking has been found to increase the risk of cancers of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. Research suggests that smoking may also increase the risk of cancers of the liver, colon, and rectum. Smoking increases the risk of heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Smoking increases the risk o... |
Answer the following medical question: | Does Fibromyalgia cause swelling in your body? | 1. Fibromyalgia is a disorder that causes muscle pain and fatigue. People with fibromyalgia have "tender points" on the body. Tender points are specific places on the neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs. These points hurt when pressure is put on them. People with fibromyalgia may also have other symptoms, such ... |
Answer the following medical question: | Can cancer spread through blood contact? | A healthy person cannot "catch" cancer from someone who has it. There is no evidence that close contact or things like sex, kissing, touching, sharing meals, or breathing the same air can spread cancer from one person to another. Cancer cells from one person are generally unable to live in the body of another healthy p... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is plantar fasiciitis, and how is it treated? | You are more likely to get plantar fasciitis if you: Have foot arch problems (both flat feet and high arches) Run long distances, downhill or on uneven surfaces Are obese or gain weight suddenly Have a tight Achilles tendon (the tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel) Wear shoes with poor arch support or soft s... |
Answer the following medical question: | Can Lipnodes and/or Liver cancer be detected in an upper GI endoscopy? | 1. Upper GI endoscopy can identify many different diseases anemia gastroesophageal reflux disease ulcers cancer inflammation, or swelling precancerous abnormalities celiac disease 2. Tests for Liver Cancer If you have some of the signs and symptoms of liver cancer, your doctor will try to find if they are caused by liv... |
Answer the following medical question: | Can an abscessed tooth cause a heart attack? | 1. A heart attack happens if the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked and the heart can't get oxygen. Most heart attacks occur as a result of coronary heart disease (CHD). 2. Endocarditis (EN-do-kar-DI-tis) is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. ... |
Answer the following medical question: | Define Syncope (ischemic stroke)? | 1. The defining characteristics of syncope include rapid onset with transient loss of consciousness usually accompanied by falling, followed by spontaneous, complete, and usually prompt recovery without intervention. Because some patients use the term dizziness to describe syncopal events, it is important to ask patien... |
Answer the following medical question: | What are the components of Coenzyme and is it useable for Muslims? | 1. GNC Preventive Nutrition CoQ-10 100 mg Coenzyme Q-10 100 mg; Other Ingredients: Soybean oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Chlorophyll, Titanium Dioxide (Natural Mineral Whitener). No Sugar, No Starch, No Artificial Colors, No Artificial Flavors, No preservatives, No Wheat, No Gluten, No Corn, No Dairy, Yeast Free. 2. Metaboli... |
Answer the following medical question: | What doctor specializes in testing for and treating autoimmune diseases? | Since autoimmune diseases vary greatly in presentation, many different physician specialists care for patients with these disorders. The specialist is usually skilled in treating diseases of a particular system. For example: rheumatologists tend to treat diseases affecting the joints and connective tissue; neurologists... |
Answer the following medical question: | To what extent does Effexor cause ED? | The recommended starting dose for Effexor is 75 mg/day, administered in two or three divided doses, taken with food. Depending on tolerability and the need for further clinical effect, the dose may be increased to 150 mg/day. If needed, the dose should be further increased up to 225 mg/day. When increasing the dose, in... |
Answer the following medical question: | To what extent does Effexor cause ED? | Antidepressants most likely to cause sexual side effects include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac, Selfemra), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva) and sertraline (Zoloft). Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), which... |
Answer the following medical question: | How long has Non-aspirin NSAID been implicated in erectile dysfunction? | Non-aspirin NSAID use was associated with an increased risk of mild/moderate ED (HR 1.16; P = 0.02) and aspirin use was associated with an increased risk of severe ED (HR 1.16; P = 0.03, respectively). The associations of NSAID use with ED risk were attenuated after controlling for indications for NSAID use. CONCLUSION... |
Answer the following medical question: | What is aortic stenosis, and is there anything I should do about it? | The aorta is the main artery that carries blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. Blood flows out of the heart and into the aorta through the aortic valve. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve does not open fully. This decreases blood flow from the heart. |
Answer the following medical question: | What can cause white cells ti uprate | A high white blood cell count usually indicates: An increased production of white blood cells to fight an infection A reaction to a drug that increases white blood cell production A disease of bone marrow, causing abnormally high production of white blood cells An immune system disorder that increases white blood cell ... |
Answer the following medical question: | Define temperature exposure and expiration data with regard to pharmacy and warehouse storage for Glimepiride. | 1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medicati... |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old pregnant woman at 22 weeks gestation presents with burning upon urination. She states it started 1 day ago and has been worsening despite drinking more water and taking cranberry extract. She otherwise feels well and is followed by a doctor for her pregnancy. Her temperature is 97.7°F (36.5°C), blood pr... | E: Nitrofurantoin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old baby died suddenly at night while asleep. His mother noticed that he had died only after she awoke in the morning. No cause of death was determined based on the autopsy. Which of the following precautions could have prevented the death of the baby?? {'A': 'Placing the infant in a supine position on a fi... | A: Placing the infant in a supine position on a firm mattress while sleeping |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother brings her 3-week-old infant to the pediatrician's office because she is concerned about his feeding habits. He was born without complications and has not had any medical problems up until this time. However, for the past 4 days, he has been fussy, is regurgitating all of his feeds, and his vomit is yellow i... | A: Abnormal migration of ventral pancreatic bud |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pulmonary autopsy specimen from a 58-year-old woman who died of acute hypoxic respiratory failure was examined. She had recently undergone surgery for a fractured femur 3 months ago. Initial hospital course was uncomplicated, and she was discharged to a rehab facility in good health. Shortly after discharge home fr... | A: Thromboembolism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman presents with menorrhagia for the past several years. She says that her menses “have always been heavy”, and she has experienced easy bruising for as long as she can remember. Family history is significant for her mother, who had similar problems with bruising easily. The patient's vital signs inc... | E: Von Willebrand disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old zookeeper presents to the emergency department complaining of severe abdominal pain that radiates to her back, and nausea. The pain started 2 days ago and slowly increased until she could not tolerate it any longer. Past medical history is significant for hypertension and hypothyroidism. Additionally, s... | C: Scorpion sting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old primigravida presents to her physician for a routine prenatal visit. She is at 34 weeks gestation, as confirmed by an ultrasound examination. She has no complaints, but notes that the new shoes she bought 2 weeks ago do not fit anymore. The course of her pregnancy has been uneventful and she has been co... | E: 24-hour urine protein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3900-g (8.6-lb) male infant is delivered at 39 weeks' gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. Pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated but a prenatal ultrasound at 20 weeks showed a defect in the pleuroperitoneal membrane. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following finding... | A: Gastric fundus in the thorax |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents for a regular check-up. She complains of lightheadedness and palpitations which occur episodically. Past medical history is significant for a myocardial infarction 6 months ago and NYHA class II chronic heart failure. She also was diagnosed with grade I arterial hypertension 4 years ago. ... | E: Digoxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with complaints of seasonal allergies. He has been using intranasal vasoconstrictors several times per day for several weeks. What is a likely sequela of the chronic use of topical nasal decongestants?? {'A': 'Epistaxis', 'B': 'Hypertension', 'C': 'Permanent l... | E: Persistent congestion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of diplopia and ocular pain when reading the newspaper. She also has a 3-month history of amenorrhea, hot flashes, and increased sweating. She reports that she has been overweight all her adult life and is happy to have lost 6.8-kg (15-lb) of weig... | C: Glycosaminoglycan accumulation in the orbit |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with weakness and a change in his behavior. His parents state that they first noticed the change in his behavior this morning and it has been getting worse. They noticed the patient was initially weak in his upper body and arms, but now he won’t move his legs with... | D: Blockade of presynaptic acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-month-old female is brought to the emergency department after experiencing a seizure. She was born at home and was normal at birth according to her parents. Since then, they have noticed that she does not appear to be achieving developmental milestones as quickly as her siblings, and often appears lethargic. Phys... | D: Pleiotropy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of decreased hearing, dizziness, and ringing in his right ear for the past 6 months. Physical examination shows multiple soft, yellow plaques and papules on his arms, chest, and back. There is sensorineural hearing loss and weakness of facial muscles bilaterally... | C: Neural crest |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician because of coughing and fatigue during the past 2 years. In the morning, the cough is productive of white phlegm. She becomes short of breath walking up a flight of stairs. She has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. She has recently retired from working as a nurse at a homeles... | D: Progressive obstruction of expiratory airflow |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents to the emergency department with leg pain. He states that the pain started suddenly while he was walking outside. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and atrial fibrillation. His temperature is 99.3°F (37.4°C), blood pressure is 152/98 mmHg, pulse is 9... | C: Heparin drip |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old African American man presents to his primary care provider complaining of urinary frequency. He wakes up 3-4 times per night to urinate while he previously only had to wake up once per night. He also complains of post-void dribbling and difficulty initiating a stream of urine. He denies any difficulty m... | E: Tamsulosin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of recurrent episodes of nausea and abdominal discomfort for the past 4 months. The discomfort is located in the upper abdomen and sometimes occurs after eating, especially after a big meal. He has tried to go for a walk after dinner to help with digestion, but his com... | D: Cardiac stress test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old female presents to general medical clinic for a routine checkup. She has a genetic disease marked by a mutation in a chloride transporter. She has a history of chronic bronchitis. She has a brother with a similar history of infections as well as infertility. Which of the following is most likely true re... | E: It may manifest itself as a prolonged PT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 36-year-old man comes to the physician for a yellow discoloration of his skin and dark-colored urine for 2 weeks. He does not drink any alcohol. Physical examination shows jaundice. Abdominal and neurologic examinations show no abnormalities. Serum studies show increased levels of alanine aminotr... | B: Bullous changes of the lung bases on chest CT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old male presents to the emergency room with back pain. He has a history of personality disorder and metastatic prostate cancer and was not a candidate for surgical resection. He began chemotherapy but discontinued due to unremitting nausea. He denies any bowel or bladder incontinence. He has never had pain... | A: The most likely diagnosis is cauda equina syndrome and steroids should be started prior to MRI |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the function of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus in an experimental animal. Using a viral vector, the genes encoding chloride-conducting channelrhodopsins are injected into this nucleus. Photostimulation of the channels causes complete inhibition of action potential generation. Pers... | E: Anorexia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of generalized fatigue, low-grade fever, and a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss. Physical examination shows generalized pallor and splenomegaly. Her hemoglobin concentration is 7.5 g/dL and leukocyte count is 41,800/mm3. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase a... | E: Unregulated expression of the ABL1 gene |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman is in the hospital recovering from a cholecystectomy performed 3 days ago that was complicated by cholangitis. She is being treated with IV piperacillin-tazobactam. She calls the nurse to her room because she says that her heart is racing. She also demands that someone come in to clean the pile of... | C: Delirium tremens |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a photosensitive blistering rash on her hands, forearms, and face for 3 weeks. The lesions are not itchy. She has also noticed that her urine has been dark brown in color recently. Twenty years ago, she was successfully treated for Coats disease of the ... | C: Begin phlebotomy therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of severe right-sided flank pain for 3 hours. The pain is colicky, radiates towards his right groin, and he describes it as 8/10 in intensity. He has vomited once. He has no history of similar episodes in the past. Last year, he was treated with naproxen for... | B: Urinary pH: 4.7 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her mother for excessive hair growth. Her mother reports that for the past 2 months she has noticed hair at the axillary and pubic areas. She denies any family history of precocious puberty and reports that her daughter has been relatively healthy with an uncomplicated bi... | B: Granulosa cell tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because she is worried about his behavior. Yesterday, he was expelled from school for repeatedly skipping classes. Over the past 2 months, he was suspended 3 times for bullying and aggressive behavior towards his peers and teachers. Once, his neighbor found ... | B: Acting out |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman presents to her primary-care doctor for a 2-month history of vision changes, specifically citing the gradual onset of double vision. Her double vision is present all the time and does not get better or worse throughout the day. She has also noticed that she has a hard time keeping her right eye op... | D: MR angiography of the head |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the modification of newly formed polypeptides in plated eukaryotic cells. After the polypeptides are released from the ribosome, a chemically-tagged protein attaches covalently to lysine residues on the polypeptide chain, forming a modified polypeptide. When a barrel-shaped complex is adde... | E: Ubiquitination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents to his physician with double vision persisting for a week. When he enters the exam room, the physician notes that the patient has a broad-based gait. The man’s wife informs the doctor that he has been an alcoholic for the last 5 years and his consumption of alcohol has increased significant... | A: Decreased α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity in astrocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man is brought by his son to the emergency department with weakness in his right arm and leg. The man insists that he is fine and blames his son for "creating panic". Four hours ago the patient was having tea with his wife when he suddenly dropped his teacup. He has had difficulty moving his right arm s... | E: Clopidogrel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man presents to a medical clinic reporting blood in his urine and lower abdominal pain for the past few days. He is also concerned about urinary frequency and urgency. He states that he recently completed a cycle of chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Which medication in the chemotherapy regimen most... | D: Cyclophosphamide |
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