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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Plasmid mediated antimicrobial resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae is a global problem . The rise of CTX-M class extended spectrum beta lactamases ( ESBLs ) has been well documented in industrialized countries . Vietnam is representative of a typical transitional middle income country where the spectrum of infectious ... | Shigellosis is a disease caused by bacteria belonging to Shigella spp . and is a leading cause of bacterial gastrointestinal infections in infants in unindustrialized countries . The Shigellae are dynamic and capable of rapid change when placed under selective pressure in a human population . Extended spectrum beta lac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/gastrointestinal",
"infections",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/antimicrobials",
"and",
"drug",
"resistance"
] | 2010 | The Sudden Dominance of blaCTX–M Harbouring Plasmids in Shigella spp. Circulating in Southern Vietnam |
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis , a severe infection prominent in northern Australia and Southeast Asia . The “gold standard” for melioidosis diagnosis is bacterial isolation , which takes several days to complete . The resulting delay in diagnosis leads to delayed treatments , which cou... | An outer membrane component , capsular polysaccharide ( CPS ) , is a virulence factor expressed by many Gram-negative bacteria including Burkholderia pseudomallei , the causative agent of melioidosis . Recently , B . pseudomallei CPS was identified as a useful diagnostic biomarker , leading to the development of a late... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"spleen",
"melioidosis",
"urine",
"drug",
"delivery",
"system",
"preparation",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"routes",
"of",
"administration",
"antigen",
"enca... | 2016 | In vivo Distribution and Clearance of Purified Capsular Polysaccharide from Burkholderia pseudomallei in a Murine Model |
Recent studies of cellular networks have revealed modular organizations of genes and proteins . For example , in interactome networks , a module refers to a group of interacting proteins that form molecular complexes and/or biochemical pathways and together mediate a biological process . However , it is still poorly un... | Protein–protein interactions mediate numerous biological processes . In the last decade , there have been efforts to comprehensively map protein–protein interactions occurring in an organism . The interaction data generated from these high-throughput projects can be represented as interconnected networks . It has been ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Information Flow Analysis of Interactome Networks |
The evolution of signal transduction pathways is constrained by the requirements of signal fidelity , yet flexibility is necessary to allow pathway remodeling in response to environmental challenges . A detailed understanding of how flexibility and constraint shape bacterial two component signaling systems is emerging ... | Survival in a changing world requires signal transduction circuitry that can evolve to sense and respond to new environmental challenges . The Firmicute sporulation initiation ( Spo0 ) pathway is a compelling example of a pathway with a circuit diagram that has changed over the course of evolution . In Clostridium acet... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"protein",
"interactions",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"clostridium",
"pathogens",
"bacillus",
"microbiology",
"marker",
"genes",
"org... | 2018 | Flexibility and constraint: Evolutionary remodeling of the sporulation initiation pathway in Firmicutes |
Dissemination of HIV in the host involves transit of the virus and virus-infected cells across the lymphatic endothelium . HIV may alter lymphatic endothelial permeability to foster dissemination , but the mechanism is largely unexplored . Using a primary human lymphatic endothelial cell model , we found that HIV-1 env... | The most common route of HIV transmission is through unprotected sexual contact . By this route , HIV first infects cells in the mucous membranes of the mouth , vagina or rectum . From the mucosa , virus and virus-infected cells move through lymphatic endothelial channels to draining lymph nodes where they infect vario... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"hiv",
"vascular",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"cardiovascular"
] | 2012 | Slit2/Robo4 Signaling Modulates HIV-1 gp120-Induced Lymphatic Hyperpermeability |
Ubiquitination relies on a subtle balance between selectivity and promiscuity achieved through specific interactions between ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes ( E2s ) and ubiquitin ligases ( E3s ) . Here , we report how a single aspartic to glutamic acid substitution acts as a dynamic switch to tip the selectivity balance ... | During their life , proteins undergo various modifications ranging from structural marking or signaling to degradation . One major biochemical process involves ubiquitin , a small and evolutionary conserved protein . This regulatory protein serves as a tag that , when attached to a protein substrate , alters its functi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"interactions",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"signaling",
"networks",
"protein",
"structure",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"biochemistry",
"simulations",
"proteins",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"biophysi... | 2012 | Dynamic Control of Selectivity in the Ubiquitination Pathway Revealed by an ASP to GLU Substitution in an Intra-Molecular Salt-Bridge Network |
Scrub typhus is a serious public health problem in the Asia-Pacific area . It threatens one billion people globally , and causes illness in one million people each year . Caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi , scrub typhus can result in severe multiorgan failure with a case fatality rate up to 70% without appropriate treat... | Scrub typhus is a serious public health problem in the Asia-Pacific area . There is an estimated one million new scrub typhus infections each year , and over one billion people around the world are at risk . Without appropriate treatment , the case fatality rate of scrub typhus can reach 30% or even higher . Scrub typh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods"
] | [
"dermatology",
"invertebrates",
"typhus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"japan",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"infectious"... | 2017 | A review of the global epidemiology of scrub typhus |
Reconstructions of cellular metabolism are publicly available for a variety of different microorganisms and some mammalian genomes . To date , these reconstructions are “genome-scale” and strive to include all reactions implied by the genome annotation , as well as those with direct experimental evidence . Clearly , ma... | Systems biology aims to characterize cells and organisms as systems through the careful curation of all components . Large models that account for all known metabolism in microorganisms have been created by our group and by others around the world . Furthermore , models are available for human cells . These models repr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2008 | Context-Specific Metabolic Networks Are Consistent with Experiments |
Pericardial fat is a localized fat depot associated with coronary artery calcium and myocardial infarction . We hypothesized that genetic loci would be associated with pericardial fat independent of other body fat depots . Pericardial fat was quantified in 5 , 487 individuals of European ancestry from the Framingham He... | Pericardial fat is a localized fat depot associated with coronary artery calcium and myocardial infarction . To test whether genetic loci are associated with pericardial fat independent of other body fat depots , we measured pericardial fat in 5 , 487 individuals of European ancestry . After performing an unbiased scre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"myocardial",
"infarction",
"clinical",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cardiovascular"
] | 2012 | Genome-Wide Association of Pericardial Fat Identifies a Unique Locus for Ectopic Fat |
Following repeated encounters with adenoviruses most of us develop robust humoral and cellular immune responses that are thought to act together to combat ongoing and subsequent infections . Yet in spite of robust immune responses , adenoviruses establish subclinical persistent infections that can last for decades . Wh... | While numerous studies have addressed the cellular and humoral response to primary virus encounters , relatively little is known about the interplay between persistent infections , neutralizing antibodies , antigen-presenting cells , and T-cell responses . Our studies suggests that if adenovirus–antibody complexes are ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immunology",
"messenger",
"rna",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"organisms",
"developmental",
"... | 2018 | Humoral immune response to adenovirus induce tolerogenic bystander dendritic cells that promote generation of regulatory T cells |
Human babesiosis , especially caused by the cattle derived Babesia divergens parasite , is on the increase , resulting in renewed attentiveness to this potentially life threatening emerging zoonotic disease . The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology and intra-erythrocytic development of these parasites a... | Vector-borne parasitic diseases are still the major cause of morbidity and mortality in both humans as animals . Some of these parasites have been well studied , including the malaria parasite , Plasmodium falciparum , since these cause major fatalities in humans . However , other parasites like Babesia divergens , who... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Morphological and Molecular Descriptors of the Developmental Cycle of Babesia divergens Parasites in Human Erythrocytes |
We investigated whether Tbx1 , the gene for 22q11 . 2 deletion syndrome ( 22q11 . 2DS ) and Foxi3 , both required for segmentation of the pharyngeal apparatus ( PA ) to individual arches , genetically interact . We found that all Tbx1+/-;Foxi3+/- double heterozygous mouse embryos had thymus and parathyroid gland defect... | The mechanisms required for segmentation of the pharyngeal apparatus ( PA ) to individual arches are not precisely delineated in mammalian species . Using mouse models , we found that two transcription factor genes , Tbx1 , the gene for 22q11 . 2 deletion syndrome and Foxi3 , genetically interact in the third pharyngea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fish",
"morphogenic",
"segmentation",
"immunology",
"parathyroid",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
... | 2019 | Tbx1 and Foxi3 genetically interact in the pharyngeal pouch endoderm in a mouse model for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome |
Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus distributed throughout much of Africa and Asia . Infection with the virus may cause acute febrile illness that clinically resembles dengue fever . A recent study indicated the existence of three geographically distinct viral lineages; however this analysis utilized onl... | Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus found in both Africa and Asia . Human infection with the virus may result in a febrile illness similar to dengue fever and many other tropical infections found in these regions . Previously , little was known about the genetic relationships between ZIKV strains c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vectors",
"and",
"hosts"
] | 2012 | Genetic Characterization of Zika Virus Strains: Geographic Expansion of the Asian Lineage |
The conserved TOR kinase signaling network links nutrient availability to cell , tissue and body growth in animals . One important growth-regulatory target of TOR signaling is ribosome biogenesis . Studies in yeast and mammalian cell culture have described how TOR controls rRNA synthesis—a limiting step in ribosome bio... | All animals need adequate nutrition to grow and develop . Studies in tissue culture and model organisms have identified the TOR kinase signaling pathway as a key nutrient-dependent regulator of growth . Under nutrient rich conditions , TOR kinase is active and stimulates metabolic processes that drive growth . Under nu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2014 | TIF-IA-Dependent Regulation of Ribosome Synthesis in Drosophila Muscle Is Required to Maintain Systemic Insulin Signaling and Larval Growth |
Candida albicans bloodstream infection is increasingly frequent and can result in disseminated candidiasis associated with high mortality rates . To analyze the innate immune response against C . albicans , fungal cells were added to human whole-blood samples . After inoculation , C . albicans started to filament and p... | Candida albicans is the most important fungal pathogen in nosocomial bloodstream infections . So far little is known about the interplay of different cellular and non-cellular immune mechanisms mediating the protective response against C . albicans in blood . The in vivo scenario of C . albicans infection can be mimick... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"activation",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"fungi",
"immune",
"defense",
"fungal",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"mycology",
"biology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"pathogenesis",
"... | 2014 | A Virtual Infection Model Quantifies Innate Effector Mechanisms and Candida albicans Immune Escape in Human Blood |
The Type VI secretion system ( T6SS ) mediates toxin delivery into both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells . It is composed of a cytoplasmic structure resembling the tail of contractile bacteriophages anchored to the cell envelope through a membrane complex composed of the TssL and TssM inner membrane proteins and of the... | Nonstandard decoding mechanisms lead to the synthesis of different protein variants from a single DNA sequence . These mechanisms are particularly important when the genome length has to be limited such as viral genomes , limited by the available space in the capsid , or to synthesize two different polypeptides that ha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"gram",
"negative",
"bacteria",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"mo... | 2014 | Transcriptional Frameshifting Rescues Citrobacter rodentium Type VI Secretion by the Production of Two Length Variants from the Prematurely Interrupted tssM Gene |
Neglected zoonotic diseases ( NZDs ) have a significant impact on the livelihoods of the world’s poorest populations , which often lack access to basic services . Water , sanitation and hygiene ( WASH ) programmes are included among the key strategies for achieving the World Health Organization’s 2020 Roadmap for Imple... | Neglected Tropical Diseases ( NTDs ) affect the health and economies of populations globally . Many of these diseases are zoonotic , occurring as a consequence of the interaction between humans and animals , particularly at the household level in low- and middle-income countries . Based on the WHO Global Strategy to ac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"mammals",
"health",
"care",
"sanitation",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"heal... | 2018 | Animal influence on water, sanitation and hygiene measures for zoonosis control at the household level: A systematic literature review |
In the continuous mode of cell culture , a constant flow carrying fresh media replaces culture fluid , cells , nutrients and secreted metabolites . Here we present a model for continuous cell culture coupling intra-cellular metabolism to extracellular variables describing the state of the bioreactor , taking into accou... | While at present most biotechnology industrial facilities adopt batch or fed-batch processes , continuous processing has been vigorously defended in the literature and many predict its adoption in the near future . However , identical cultures may lead to distinct steady states and the lack of comprehension of this mul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"biological",
"cultures",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"cell",
"processes",
"cell",
"metabolism",
"toxicology",
"physiological",
"processes",
... | 2017 | Characterizing steady states of genome-scale metabolic networks in continuous cell cultures |
In view of the current widespread use of and reliance on a single schistosomicide , praziquantel , there is a pressing need to discover and develop alternative drugs for schistosomiasis . One approach to this is to develop High Throughput in vitro whole organism screens ( HTS ) to identify hits amongst large compound l... | Only one drug , praziquantel , is widely available for treating schistosomiasis , a disease affecting an estimated 200 million people . Because of increasing usage there is concern about development of praziquantel drug resistance and a perceived need to develop new schistosomicides . Possible sources of these are larg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/antimicrobials",
"and",
"drug",
"resistance",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Comparison of Microscopy and Alamar Blue Reduction in a Larval Based Assay for Schistosome Drug Screening |
Human populations outside of Africa have experienced at least two bouts of introgression from archaic humans , from Neanderthals and Denisovans . In Papuans there is prior evidence of both these introgressions . Here we present a new approach to detect segments of individual genomes of archaic origin without using an a... | The genetic history of present-day individuals includes episodes of mating between divergent groups , which have led to 'introgressed' genetic material persisting in modern genome sequences . Perhaps the most notable examples of such events in humans are the introgressions from Neanderthals into non-Africans 50 , 000 o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"markov",
"models",
"computational",
"biology",
"social",
"sciences",
"anthropology",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"neanderthals",
"mathematics",
"paleontology",
"population",
"biology",
"paleoanthropology",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"... | 2018 | Detecting archaic introgression using an unadmixed outgroup |
The widespread emergence of resistance to insecticides used to control adult Aedes mosquitoes has made traditional control strategies inadequate for the reduction of various vector populations . Therefore , complementary vector control methods , such as the Sterile Insect Technique , are needed to enhance existing effo... | Dengue , among other arboviral infections , is a neglected disease and a major health issue that is re-emerging in tropical countries due to the poor efficacy of conventional vector control methods . Therefore , there is a growing need for more sustainable techniques to control Aedes mosquito species , while reducing t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"animals",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"pupae",
"population",
"biology",
"insect",
"vectors",
"prototypes",
"i... | 2019 | Reducing the cost and assessing the performance of a novel adult mass-rearing cage for the dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika vector, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) |
Testing one SNP at a time does not fully realise the potential of genome-wide association studies to identify multiple causal variants , which is a plausible scenario for many complex diseases . We show that simultaneous analysis of the entire set of SNPs from a genome-wide study to identify the subset that best predic... | Tests of association with disease status are normally conducted one SNP at a time , ignoring the effects of all other genotyped SNPs . We developed a computationally efficient method to simultaneously analyse all SNPs , either in a genome-wide association ( GWA ) study , or a fine-mapping study based on re-sequencing a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"mathematics/statistics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2008 | Simultaneous Analysis of All SNPs in Genome-Wide and Re-Sequencing Association Studies |
High blood pressure ( BP ) is the most common cardiovascular risk factor worldwide and a major contributor to heart disease and stroke . We previously discovered a BP-associated missense SNP ( single nucleotide polymorphism ) –rs2272996–in the gene encoding vanin-1 , a glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) -anchored mem... | Hypertension ( HTN ) or high blood pressure ( BP ) is common worldwide and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality . Identification of genetic variants of consequence for HTN serves as the molecular basis for its treatment . Using admixture mapping analysis of the Family Blood Pressure Pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | The Association of the Vanin-1 N131S Variant with Blood Pressure Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation and Loss of Function |
Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ) are thought to kill bacterial cells by permeabilizing their membranes . However , some antimicrobial peptides inhibit E . coli growth more efficiently in aerobic than in anaerobic conditions . In the attack of the human cathelicidin LL-37 on E . coli , real-time , single-cell fluorescenc... | Antimicrobial peptides play a significant role in the innate immune response of plants and animals , including humans . While it is well known that AMPs can permeabilize bacterial cell membranes , a growing body of evidence indicates that they cause a variety of additional deleterious effects . Here we use single-cell ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"periplasm",
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"metabolic",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"fermentation",
"deletion",
"mutagenesis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"mutagenesis",
"and",
"gene",
"deletion",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",... | 2017 | Oxidative stress induced in E. coli by the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 |
Hepatic circadian gene transcription is tightly coupled to feeding behavior , which has a profound impact on metabolic disorders associated with diet-induced obesity . Here , we describe a genomics approach to uncover mechanisms controlling hepatic postprandial gene expression . Combined transcriptomic and cistromic an... | The liver is an essential organ regulating metabolic homeostasis in response to fluctuations of metabolites induced by daily rhythms of food intake . Homeostasis is maintained by precise dynamic regulation of signaling pathways controlling a wealth of enzymatic reactions involving lipid , bile acid , amino acid and glu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"forkhead",
"box",
"diabetic",
"endocrinology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"hormones",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"circadian",
"oscillators",
"physiological",
"param... | 2018 | Insulin signaling and reduced glucocorticoid receptor activity attenuate postprandial gene expression in liver |
Bacterial pathogens are frequently distinguished by the presence of acquired genes associated with iron acquisition . The presence of specific siderophore receptor genes , however , does not reliably predict activity of the complex protein assemblies involved in synthesis and transport of these secondary metabolites . ... | Urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) are among the most common bacterial infections treated by physicians worldwide . Although symptoms of acute infection are often resolved with a course of antibiotics , the same bacterial strain often causes subsequent bouts of symptomatic infection . Escherichia coli are the most commo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"biochemistry/small",
"molecule",
"chemistry",
"urology/urological",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Quantitative Metabolomics Reveals an Epigenetic Blueprint for Iron Acquisition in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli |
X-linked Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) A- deficiency is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa populations , and has been associated with protection from severe malaria . Whether females and/or males are protected by G6PD deficiency is uncertain , due in part to G6PD and malaria phenotypic complexity and misclass... | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) is an essential enzyme that protects red blood cells from oxidative damage . Numerous genetic variants of G6PD , residing in the X chromosome , are found among African populations: mutations causing A- deficiency can lead to serious clinical outcomes ( including hemolytic anem... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | African Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Alleles Associated with Protection from Severe Malaria in Heterozygous Females in Tanzania |
Inference of interaction rules of animals moving in groups usually relies on an analysis of large scale system behaviour . Models are tuned through repeated simulation until they match the observed behaviour . More recent work has used the fine scale motions of animals to validate and fit the rules of interaction of an... | The collective movement of animals in a group is an impressive phenomenon whereby large scale spatio-temporal patterns emerge from simple interactions between individuals . Theoretically , much of our understanding of animal group motion comes from models inspired by statistical physics . In these models , animals are ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"bayes",
"theorem",
"marine",
"biology",
"animal",
"behavior",
"mathematics",
"theoretical",
"ecology",
"stochastic",
"processes",
"zoology",
"freshwater",
"ecology",
"complex",
"systems",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"pr... | 2013 | Multi-scale Inference of Interaction Rules in Animal Groups Using Bayesian Model Selection |
Biomolecular recognition entails attractive forces for the functional native states and discrimination against potential nonnative interactions that favor alternate stable configurations . The challenge posed by the competition of nonnative stabilization against native-centric forces is conceptualized as frustration . ... | Biomolecules need to recognize one another with high specificity: promoting “native” functional intermolecular binding events while avoiding detrimental “nonnative” bound configurations; i . e . , “frustration”—the tendency for nonnative interactions—has to be minimized . Folding of globular proteins entails a similar ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"classical",
"mechanics",
"protein",
"interactions",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"potential",
"energy",
"protein",
"folding",
"protein",
"structure",
"thermodynamics",
"reaction",
"dynamics",
"physical",
"chemistry",
"proteins",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"biology",
"free",
"... | 2017 | Molecular recognition and packing frustration in a helical protein |
The human DARC ( Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines ) gene encodes a membrane-bound chemokine receptor crucial for the infection of red blood cells by Plasmodium vivax , a major causative agent of malaria . Of the three major allelic classes segregating in human populations , the FY*O allele has been shown to protec... | Infectious diseases have undoubtedly played an important role in ancient and modern human history . Yet , there are relatively few regions of the genome involved in resistance to pathogens that show a strong selection signal in current genome-wide searches for this kind of signal . We revisit the evolutionary history o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"plasmodium",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"human",
"genomics",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"apicomplexa",
"paleontology",
"p... | 2017 | Population genetic analysis of the DARC locus (Duffy) reveals adaptation from standing variation associated with malaria resistance in humans |
Australia is the only high income country with persisting endemic trachoma . A national control program involving mass drug administration with oral azithromycin , in place since 2006 , has some characteristics which differ from programs in low income settings , particularly in regard to the use of a wider range of tre... | Australia is the only high income country with persisting endemic trachoma and a national control program has been in place since 2006 . The program involves annual screening of children for trachoma in communities designated to be at high risk of disease and treatment of those affected with the antibiotic azithromycin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"australia",
"microbiology",
"census",
"health",
"care",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"research",
"design",
"pharmaceutics",
"antibiotics",
"eye",
"disease... | 2016 | Relationship between Community Drug Administration Strategy and Changes in Trachoma Prevalence, 2007 to 2013 |
Dengue , a vector-borne viral disease of increasing global importance , is classically associated with tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world . Urbanisation , globalisation and climate trends , however , are facilitating the geographic spread of its mosquito vectors , thereby increasing the risk of the viru... | In 2012 , Europe saw its first dengue epidemic taking place on the Atlantic island of Madeira . Due to strong tourism links , 81 cases were introduced into continental Europe in a short period of three months . Although Aedes aegypti , the mosquito-vector responsible for this particular outbreak , is extinct in mainlan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"plant",
"science",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"population",
"modeling",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"disease",
"dynamics",
"population",
"dynamics",
"plant",
"pathology",
"biol... | 2014 | The 2012 Madeira Dengue Outbreak: Epidemiological Determinants and Future Epidemic Potential |
Although great progress in genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) has been made , the significant SNP associations identified by GWAS account for only a few percent of the genetic variance , leading many to question where and how we can find the missing heritability . There is increasing interest in genome-wide inter... | It is expected that genome-wide interaction analysis can be a possible source of finding heritability unexplained by current GWAS . However , the existing statistics for testing interaction have low power for genome-wide interaction analysis . To meet challenges raised by genome-wide interactional analysis , we develop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits"
] | 2010 | A Novel Statistic for Genome-Wide Interaction
Analysis |
Very little is known about how environmental changes such as increasing temperature affect disease dynamics in the ocean , especially at large spatial scales . We asked whether the frequency of warm temperature anomalies is positively related to the frequency of coral disease across 1 , 500 km of Australia's Great Barr... | Coral reefs have been decimated over the last several decades . The global decline of reef-building corals is of particular concern . Infectious diseases are thought to be key to this mass coral mortality , and many reef ecologists suspect that anomalously high ocean temperatures contribute to the increased incidence a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"corals",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"cnidaria",
"(jellyfish",
"ecology",
"etc.)",
"hydra"
] | 2007 | Thermal Stress and Coral Cover as Drivers of Coral Disease Outbreaks |
The current rabies control strategy in Zambia is based on dog vaccination , dog population control and dog movement restrictions . In Nyimba district of Zambia , dog vaccination coverage is low but the incidence of dog bites is high which places the community at risk of rabies infection . The renewed global interest el... | Dog vaccination against rabies is the main method of rabies control in Zambia and it is mainly conducted by the Department of Veterinary Services under the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock . This study explores the factors influencing dog vaccination against rabies and the local barriers to rabies control in Nyimba ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"microbiology",
"pets",
"and",
"companion",
"animals",
"dogs",
"anima... | 2017 | Insights and efforts to control rabies in Zambia: Evaluation of determinants and barriers to dog vaccination in Nyimba district |
Root-knot nematodes secrete effectors that manipulate their host plant cells so that the nematode can successfully establish feeding sites and complete its lifecycle . The root-knot nematode feeding structures , their “giant cells , ” undergo extensive cytoskeletal remodeling . Previous cytological studies have shown t... | Root-knot nematodes are microscopic plant pests that infect plant roots and significantly reduce yields of many crop plants . The nematodes enter the plant roots and modify plant cells into complex , multinuclear feeding sites called giant cells . The formation and maintenance of giant cells is critical to nematode sur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"actin",
"filaments",
"cell",
"processes",
"brassica",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"nematode",
"infections",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetically",
"modified",
"plants",
"experi... | 2018 | The root-knot nematode effector MiPFN3 disrupts plant actin filaments and promotes parasitism |
Polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism , ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology . Affected women frequently have metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance and dysregulation of glucose homeostasis . PCOS is diagnosed with two different sets of diagno... | We performed an international meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies combining over 10 , 000 , 000 genetic markers in more than 10 , 000 European women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) and 100 , 000 controls . We found three new risk variants associated with PCOS . Our data demonstrate that the genetic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"statistics",
"metaanalysis",
"computational",
"biology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"mathematics",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"genome",
"analysis",
"po... | 2018 | Large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome suggests shared genetic architecture for different diagnosis criteria |
Schistosoma japonicum still causes severe parasitic disease in mainland China , but mainly in areas along the Yangtze River . However , the genetic diversity in populations of S . japonicum has not been well understood across its geographical distribution , and such data may provide insights into the epidemiology and p... | Despite the existing threat of schistosomiasis in some rural areas along the Yangtze River , the genetic diversity of Schistosoma japonicum has not been investigated across its wide geographical distribution in China , and such information may provide insight into the disease epidemiology and the development of its con... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"zoology",
"ecology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"population",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Diversification of Schistosoma japonicum in Mainland China Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA |
Integrating genetic perturbations with gene expression data not only improves accuracy of regulatory network topology inference , but also enables learning of causal regulatory relations between genes . Although a number of methods have been developed to integrate both types of data , the desiderata of efficient and po... | Deciphering the structure of gene regulatory networks is crucial for understanding gene functions and cellular dynamics , as well as system-level modeling of individual genes and cellular functions . Computational methods exploiting gene expression and other types of data generated from high-throughput experiments prov... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"regulatory",
"networks",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Inference of Gene Regulatory Networks with Sparse Structural Equation Models Exploiting Genetic Perturbations |
Molecular interactions between male and female factors during mating profoundly affect the reproductive behavior and physiology of female insects . In natural populations of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae , blood-fed females direct nutritional resources towards oogenesis only when inseminated . Here we show tha... | Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are the most deadly vectors of human malaria . The reproductive ability of these mosquitoes contributes to their role as disease vectors as it ensures high population densities for malaria transmission . The number of eggs developed by females after blood feeding depends on whether they hav... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Interaction between a Sexually Transferred Steroid Hormone and a Female Protein Regulates Oogenesis in the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae |
Familial recurrent hydatidiform mole ( RHM ) is a maternal-effect autosomal recessive disorder usually associated with mutations of the NLRP7 gene . It is characterized by HM with excessive trophoblastic proliferation , which mimics the appearance of androgenetic molar conceptuses despite their diploid biparental const... | Complete hydatidiform moles ( CHMs ) are abnormal human conceptsus characterized by excessive trophoblast proliferation that commonly result from the absence of a maternal genetic contribution compensated by two copies of the paternal genome . In a few rare cases HMs maybe recurrent ( RHM ) , characterized by a biparen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Absence of Maternal Methylation in Biparental Hydatidiform Moles from Women with NLRP7 Maternal-Effect Mutations Reveals Widespread Placenta-Specific Imprinting |
Trypanosomiasis is regarded as a constraint on livestock production in Western Kenya where the responsibility for tsetse and trypanosomiasis control has increasingly shifted from the state to the individual livestock owner . To assess the sustainability of these localised control efforts , this study investigates biolo... | Rhodesian sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosome brucei rhodesiense is a parasitic disease transmitted by tsetse flies which is fatal in humans if it is not treated . The parasites also infect a range of animal species in which they do not cause acute disease and may co-exist with other non human infective parasites .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections"
] | 2011 | Factors Associated with Acquisition of Human Infective and Animal Infective Trypanosome Infections in Domestic Livestock in Western Kenya |
Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus ( KSHV ) causes Kaposi’s sarcoma and certain lymphoproliferative malignancies . Latent infection is established in the majority of tumor cells , whereas lytic replication is reactivated in a small fraction of cells , which is important for both virus spread and disease progression . A siRNA... | Herpesviruses are known to wake up and reactivate in response to different kinds of stress . Our study now highlights the key molecular host cell events that KSHV has evolved to utilize for efficient viral lytic replication: the activation of p53 and upregulation of p21 , which slows down the cell cycle , but promotes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"dna",
"damage",
"dna",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"small",
"interfering",
"rnas",
"imaging",
... | 2016 | Oncogenic Herpesvirus Utilizes Stress-Induced Cell Cycle Checkpoints for Efficient Lytic Replication |
Protein inference , the identification of the protein set that is the origin of a given peptide profile , is a fundamental challenge in proteomics . We present DeepPep , a deep-convolutional neural network framework that predicts the protein set from a proteomics mixture , given the sequence universe of possible protei... | The accurate identification of proteins in a proteomics sample , called the protein inference problem , is a fundamental challenge in biomedical sciences . Current approaches are based on applications of traditional neural networks , linear optimization and Bayesian techniques . We here present DeepPep , a deep-convolu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neural",
"networks",
"database",
"searching",
"neuroscience",
"artificial",
"neural",
"networks",
"optimization",
"mathematics",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"convolution",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
... | 2017 | DeepPep: Deep proteome inference from peptide profiles |
Area-wide integrated pest management strategies that include a sterile insect technique component have been successfully used to eradicate tsetse fly populations in the past . To ensure the success of the sterile insect technique , the released males must be adequately sterile and be able to compete with their native c... | The radiation sensitivity and mating performance of colonised G . brevipalis adult and pupae were evaluated . It was showed that G . brevipalpis males were highly sensitive to irradiation and could be sterilised at a much lower dose , between 40 Gy and 80 Gy , than some other tsetse fly species . As a result , males st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"insemination",
"animals",
"glossina",
"insect",
"pests",
"developmental",
"biology",
"pupae",
"pest",
"control",
"tsetse",
"fly",
"population",
"biology",
"insect",
"vectors",
"pests",
"fecundity",
"infectious",... | 2017 | Evaluation of radiation sensitivity and mating performance of Glossina brevipalpis males |
The parasitic flagellate Trypanosoma vivax is a cause of animal trypanosomiasis across Africa and South America . The parasite has a digenetic life cycle , passing between mammalian hosts and insect vectors , and a series of developmental forms adapted to each life cycle stage . Each point in the life cycle presents ra... | Trypanosoma vivax is a single-celled parasite that infects cattle and non-domesticated animals through the bite of the tsetse fly . The parasite causes animal trypanosomiasis , a chronic condition resulting in severe anemia , muscle wastage and ultimately death if untreated . This disease is endemic across sub-Saharan ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Global Gene Expression Profiling through the Complete Life Cycle of Trypanosoma vivax |
Speech production involves the movement of the mouth and other regions of the face resulting in visual motion cues . These visual cues enhance intelligibility and detection of auditory speech . As such , face-to-face speech is fundamentally a multisensory phenomenon . If speech is fundamentally multisensory , it should... | The evolution of speech is one of our most fascinating and enduring mysteries—enduring partly because all the critical features of speech ( brains , vocal tracts , ancestral speech-like sounds ) do not fossilize . Furthermore , it is becoming increasingly clear that speech is , by default , a multimodal phenomenon: we ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroethology",
"auditory",
"system",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"psychology",
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"psychophysics",
"biology",
"sensory",
"perception",
"sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"cognition"
] | 2011 | Monkeys and Humans Share a Common Computation for Face/Voice Integration |
Live-attenuated strains of simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) routinely confer apparent sterilizing immunity against pathogenic SIV challenge in rhesus macaques . Understanding the mechanisms of protection by live-attenuated SIV may provide important insights into the immune responses needed for protection against H... | Live-attenuated vaccines can prevent simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) infection upon experimental challenge of rhesus macaques . Although safety considerations preclude vaccinating humans with live-attenuated HIV-1 , it may be possible to replicate the types of immunity induced by live-attenuated SIV through an al... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | ADCC Develops Over Time during Persistent Infection with Live-Attenuated SIV and Is Associated with Complete Protection against SIVmac251 Challenge |
Lysine acetylation has recently emerged as an important post-translational modification in diverse organisms , but relatively little is known about its roles in mammalian development and stem cells . Bromodomain- and PHD finger-containing protein 1 ( BRPF1 ) is a multidomain histone binder and a master activator of thr... | Lysine acetylation refers to addition of the acetyl group to lysine residues after protein synthesis . Little is known about how this modification plays a role in the brain and neural stem cells . It is catalyzed by a group of enzymes known as lysine acetyltransferases . A novel epigenetic regulator called BRPF1 acts a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Lysine Acetyltransferase Activator Brpf1 Governs Dentate Gyrus Development through Neural Stem Cells and Progenitors |
A complete description of the transcriptome of an organism is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of how it functions and how its transcriptional networks are controlled , and may provide insights into the organism's evolution . Despite the status of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as arguably the most well-studied mode... | The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , because of the relative ease of its genetic manipulation and its ease of handling in the laboratory , has long served as a model on which studies in higher organisms have been based . To more fully understand how eukaryotic cells express their genomes , we sought to identify... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"biology/mrna",
"stability",
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2008 | Novel Low Abundance and Transient RNAs in Yeast Revealed by Tiling Microarrays and Ultra High–Throughput Sequencing Are Not Conserved Across Closely Related Yeast Species |
Drug resistant strains of the malaria parasite , Plasmodium falciparum , have rendered chloroquine ineffective throughout much of the world . In parts of Africa and Asia , the coordinated shift from chloroquine to other drugs has resulted in the near disappearance of chloroquine-resistant ( CQR ) parasites from the pop... | Chloroquine was formerly a front line drug in the treatment of malaria . However , drug resistant strains of the malaria parasite have made this drug ineffective in many malaria endemic regions . Surprisingly , the discontinuation of chloroquine therapy has led to the reappearance of drug-sensitive parasites . In this ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"biochemistry",
"protein",
"metabolism",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"protozoology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"plasmodium",
"falciparum",
"metabolism",
"parasitology"
] | 2014 | Metabolic QTL Analysis Links Chloroquine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum to Impaired Hemoglobin Catabolism |
Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ( MTBC ) greatly affect humans and animals worldwide . The life cycle of mycobacteria is complex and the mechanisms resulting in pathogen infection and survival in host cells are not fully understood . Recently , comparative genomics analyses have provided new insi... | Mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infect humans and animals since pre-history and are a serious health problem worldwide . Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics generate information on the evolution and molecular basis of pathogenicity and transmissibility . However , while gen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Comparative Genomics of Field Isolates of Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae Provides Evidence for Possible Correlates with Bacterial Viability and Virulence |
The contribution of individuals with subclinical infection to the transmission and endemicity of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is unknown . Immunological evidence of exposure to Leishmania in residents of endemic areas has been the basis for defining the human population with asymptomatic infection . However , parasit... | A variable and often high proportion of individuals residing in areas where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic are exposed to Leishmania parasites , yet do not develop symptoms of disease . The role of this asymptomatic population in the transmission of disease is unknown and could interfere with the effectiveness of c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Parasitological Confirmation and Analysis of Leishmania Diversity in Asymptomatic and Subclinical Infection following Resolution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis |
Inherited prion disease ( IPD ) is caused by autosomal-dominant pathogenic mutations in the human prion protein ( PrP ) gene ( PRNP ) . A proline to leucine substitution at PrP residue 102 ( P102L ) is classically associated with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker ( GSS ) disease but shows marked clinical and neuropatholog... | Inherited prion disease ( IPD ) is caused by pathogenic mutations in the human prion protein ( PrP ) gene leading to the formation of lethal prions in the brain . To-date the properties of prions causing IPD and their similarities to prions causing other forms of human prion disease remain ill-defined . In the present ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Transmission Properties of Human PrP 102L Prions Challenge the Relevance of Mouse Models of GSS |
The sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei has a complex life cycle , alternating between a mammalian host and the tsetse fly vector . A tightly controlled developmental programme ensures parasite transmission between hosts as well as survival within them and involves strict regulation of mitochondrial activitie... | African trypanosomes are single cellular eukaryotes transmitted by tsetse flies that cause important diseases in humans and their livestock . For survival these parasites depend on their mitochondrion , an organelle that has its own genome ( ‘mtDNA’ ) and that is traditionally viewed as the ‘power plant’ of cells , but... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"parasitic",
"cell",
"cycles",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"parasitology",
"trypanosoma",
"brucei",
"developmental",
"biology",
"trypanosoma",
"brucei",
"g... | 2018 | Mitochondrial DNA is critical for longevity and metabolism of transmission stage Trypanosoma brucei |
Apicomplexan parasites depend on the invasion of host cells for survival and proliferation . Calcium-dependent signaling pathways appear to be essential for micronemal release and gliding motility , yet the target of activated kinases remains largely unknown . We have characterized calcium-dependent phosphorylation eve... | Apicomplexan parasites are a group of obligate intracellular pathogens of wide medical and agricultural significance . Included within this phylum is Plasmodium spp , the causative agents to malaria and the ubiquitous parasite Toxoplasma , which inflicts disease burden on AIDS patients , transplant recipients and the u... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"signal",
"transduction",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"protein",
"interactions",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"proteomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"parasitology",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2011 | Quantitative in vivo Analyses Reveal Calcium-dependent Phosphorylation Sites and Identifies a Novel Component of the Toxoplasma Invasion Motor Complex |
PIK3C2A is a class II member of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase ( PI3K ) family that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol ( PI ) into PI ( 3 ) P and the phosphorylation of PI ( 4 ) P into PI ( 3 , 4 ) P2 . At the cellular level , PIK3C2A is critical for the formation of cilia and for receptor mediated en... | Identifying the genetic basis of rare disorders can provide insight into gene function , susceptibility to disease , guide the development of new therapeutics , improve opportunities for genetic counseling , and help clinicians evaluate and potentially treat complicated clinical presentations . However , it is estimate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"lens",
"disorders",
"enzymology",
"fibroblasts",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"enzyme",
"c... | 2019 | Mutations in PIK3C2A cause syndromic short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and cataracts associated with ciliary dysfunction |
Altered DNA methylation patterns in CD4+ T-cells indicate the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in inflammatory diseases . However , the identification of these alterations is complicated by the heterogeneity of most inflammatory diseases . Seasonal allergic rhinitis ( SAR ) is an optimal disease model for the study ... | T-cells , a type of white blood cell , are an important part of the immune-system in humans . T-cells allow us to adapt our immune-response to the various infectious agents we encounter during life . However , T-cells can also cause disease when they target the body's own cells , e . g . Psoriasis , or when they react ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunity",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"t",
"cells",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"dna",
"modification",
"immunology",
"allergy",
"and",
"hypersensitivity",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"immune",
"response",
... | 2014 | DNA Methylation Changes Separate Allergic Patients from Healthy Controls and May Reflect Altered CD4+ T-Cell Population Structure |
Following trauma of the adult brain or spinal cord the injured axons of central neurons fail to regenerate or if intact display only limited anatomical plasticity through sprouting . Adult cortical neurons forming the corticospinal tract ( CST ) normally have low levels of the neuronal calcium sensor-1 ( NCS1 ) protein... | Following trauma to the central nervous system ( brain or spinal cord ) , neurons show very little capacity to re-grow their axons , which can lead to a permanent loss of function in those regions . In this study , we show that this failure of axon re-growth is associated with low intracellular levels of a small molecu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2010 | Cortical Overexpression of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 Induces Functional Plasticity in Spinal Cord Following Unilateral Pyramidal Tract Injury in Rat |
Although infection with Toxocara canis or T . catis ( commonly referred as toxocariasis ) appears to be highly prevalent in ( sub ) tropical countries , information on its frequency and presentation in returning travelers and migrants is scarce . In this study , we reviewed all cases of asymptomatic and symptomatic tox... | Toxocariasis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution caused by dog ( Toxocara canis ) or cat ( T . catis ) roundworm that can be fully asymptomatic or may cause significant disease such as a the systemic syndrome called visceral larva migrans as well as neurological or eye manifestations . Toxocariasis prevails in trop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Toxocariasis Diagnosed in International Travelers at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, from 2000 to 2013 |
Circadian clocks in eukaryotes rely on transcriptional feedback loops , in which clock genes repress their own transcription resulting in molecular oscillations with a period of ∼24 h . In Drosophila , the clock proteins Period ( PER ) and Timeless ( TIM ) operate in such a feedback loop , whereby they first accumulate... | The current models of circadian clocks in flies and mammals involve the formation of complexes between clock proteins in the cytoplasm . These complexes are usually heterodimers ( that is , made up of two different clock proteins ) and appear to enter the nucleus at certain times of the circadian day in order to shut d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2009 | A Role for the PERIOD:PERIOD Homodimer in the Drosophila Circadian Clock |
Two insults often underlie a variety of eye diseases including glaucoma , optic atrophy , and retinal degeneration—defects in mitochondrial function and aberrant Rhodopsin trafficking . Although mitochondrial defects are often associated with oxidative stress , they have not been linked to Rhodopsin trafficking . In an... | Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a number of metabolic and neurological diseases such as Leigh syndrome and progressive blindness . Increased oxidative stress , which is often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction , is thought to be a common cause of disease progression . Here , we identified nuclear ge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Impaired Mitochondrial Energy Production Causes Light-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration Independent of Oxidative Stress |
Morphological development of fungi and their combined production of secondary metabolites are both acting in defence and protection . These processes are mainly coordinated by velvet regulators , which contain a yet functionally and structurally uncharacterized velvet domain . Here we demonstrate that the velvet domain... | In many fungi , developmental processes and the synthesis of nonessential chemicals ( secondary metabolites ) are regulated by various external stimuli , such as light . Although fungi employ them for defensive purposes , secondary metabolites range from useful antibiotics to powerful toxins , so understanding the mole... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"proteins",
"protein",
"structure",
"biology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins"
] | 2013 | The Velvet Family of Fungal Regulators Contains a DNA-Binding Domain Structurally Similar to NF-κB |
More than 800 published genetic association studies have implicated dozens of potential risk loci in Parkinson's disease ( PD ) . To facilitate the interpretation of these findings , we have created a dedicated online resource , PDGene , that comprehensively collects and meta-analyzes all published studies in the field... | The genetic basis of Parkinson's disease is complex , i . e . it is determined by a number of different disease-causing and disease-predisposing genes . Especially the latter have proven difficult to find , evidenced by more than 800 published genetic association studies , typically showing discrepant results . To faci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"neurology",
"neurological",
"disorders"
] | 2012 | Comprehensive Research Synopsis and Systematic Meta-Analyses in Parkinson's Disease Genetics: The PDGene Database |
APOBEC3 ( A3 ) family proteins are DNA cytosine deaminases recognized for contributing to HIV-1 restriction and mutation . Prior studies have demonstrated that A3D , A3F , and A3G enzymes elicit a robust anti-HIV-1 effect in cell cultures and in humanized mouse models . Human A3H is polymorphic and can be categorized i... | Human APOBEC3 family proteins are known as intrinsic defenses against HIV-1 , whereas HIV-1 Vif counteracts APOBEC3-mediated anti-viral action . Using a hematopoietic stem cell-transplanted humanized mouse model , we demonstrated that endogenous APOBEC3D , APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G play pivotal roles in restricting HIV-1 r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"retroviruses",
... | 2017 | HIV-1 competition experiments in humanized mice show that APOBEC3H imposes selective pressure and promotes virus adaptation |
The possibility of emergence of praziquantel-resistant Schistosoma parasites and the lack of other effective drugs demand the discovery of new schistosomicidal agents . In this context the study of compounds that target histone-modifying enzymes is extremely promising . Our aim was to investigate the effect of inhibiti... | Schistosomiasis is a chronic and debilitating disease caused by a trematode of the genus Schistosoma . The current strategy for the control of the disease involves treatment with praziquantel , the only available drug . The development of new drugs is therefore a top priority . Drugs that inhibit histone modifying enzy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"helminths",
"metabolic",
"processes",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"light",
"microscopy",
"animals",
"dna",
"replication",
"microscopy",
"genome",
"analysis",
"dna",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"genomi... | 2018 | Inhibition of histone methyltransferase EZH2 in Schistosoma mansoni in vitro by GSK343 reduces egg laying and decreases the expression of genes implicated in DNA replication and noncoding RNA metabolism |
Tamoxifen is one of the most commonly employed endocrine therapies for patients with estrogen receptor α ( ERα ) -positive breast cancer . Unfortunately the clinical benefit is limited due to intrinsic and acquired drug resistance . We previously reported a genome-wide association study that identified common SNPs near... | Many studies have demonstrated that germline genetic variation can contribute to both breast cancer disease risk and treatment response . However , the underlying mechanisms associated with these biomarkers often remains understudied . As part of functional genomic studies following up a case-control genome-wide associ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cancer",
"risk",
"factors",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"oncology",
"genome",
"analysis",
"mol... | 2017 | SNPs near the cysteine proteinase cathepsin O gene (CTSO) determine tamoxifen sensitivity in ERα-positive breast cancer through regulation of BRCA1 |
Postzygotic reproductive barriers such as sterility and lethality of hybrids are important for establishing and maintaining reproductive isolation between species . Identifying the causal loci and discerning how they interfere with the development of hybrids is essential for understanding how hybrid incompatibilities (... | Speciation is most commonly understood to occur when two species can no longer reproduce with each other , and sterility and lethality of hybrids formed between different species are widely observed causes of such reproductive isolation . Several protein-coding genes have been previously discovered to cause hybrid ster... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function"
] | 2009 | Species-Specific Heterochromatin Prevents Mitotic Chromosome Segregation to Cause Hybrid Lethality in Drosophila |
Adaptation in spatially extended populations entails the propagation of evolutionary novelties across habitat ranges . Driven by natural selection , beneficial mutations sweep through the population in a “wave of advance” . The standard model for these traveling waves , due to R . Fisher and A . Kolmogorov , plays an i... | Mutations that increase an organism's fitness are the fuel for biological evolution . When such beneficial mutations enter a spatially extended population , they spread through the population in a “wave of advance” , first described by R . Fisher and A . Kolmogorov . The force driving these traveling waves is Darwinian... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"population",
"modeling",
"evolutionary",
"modeling",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"population",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Noise Driven Evolutionary Waves |
In gregarious species , social interactions maintain group cohesion and the associated adaptive values of group living . The understanding of mechanisms leading to group cohesion is essential for understanding the collective dynamics of groups and the spatio-temporal distribution of organisms in environment . In this v... | Terrestrial isopods , commonly named woodlice or pill bugs , are commonly distributed soil-dwelling arthropods , particularly important in soils as macro-decomposers of leaf litter . Many species of woodlice are synanthropic and , for this reason , are easily observable in gardens , urban parks or composts . Harmless o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Behavioural Contagion Explains Group Cohesion in a Social Crustacean |
Genome sequences of several economically important phytopathogenic oomycetes have revealed the presence of large families of so-called RXLR effectors . Functional screens have identified RXLR effector repertoires that either compromise or induce plant defense responses . However , limited information is available about... | Phytophthora species are among the most devastating crop pathogens worldwide . P . infestans is a pathogen of tomato and potato plants . The genome of P . infestans has been sequenced , revealing the presence of a large number of host-targeting RXLR effector proteins that are thought to manipulate cellular activities t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"plant",
"biochemistry",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"plant",
"science",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"plant",
"microbiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunity",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions... | 2014 | Functionally Redundant RXLR Effectors from Phytophthora infestans Act at Different Steps to Suppress Early flg22-Triggered Immunity |
Brucellosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis allegedly reemerging in Middle Eastern countries . Infected ruminants are the primary source of human infection; consequently , estimates of the frequency of ruminant brucellosis are useful elements for building effective control strategies . Unfortunately , these estimates ... | Brucellosis is a zoonosis of mammals caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella . It is responsible for a vast global burden imposed on human health through disability and on animal productivity . In humans brucellosis causes a range of flu-like symptoms and chronic debilitating illness . In livestock brucellosis causes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | Ruminant Brucellosis in the Kafr El Sheikh Governorate of the Nile Delta, Egypt: Prevalence of a Neglected Zoonosis |
Understanding the prevalence of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes is a hard problem . At least two aspects still defy a fully satisfactory explanation , the functional significance of genetic recombination and the great variation among taxa in the relative lengths of the haploid and diploid phases in the sexual cycle .... | Sexual reproduction involves an alternation of ploidy . Haploid gametes , carrying a single set of chromosomes , fuse to form a diploid zygote with a double set of chromosomes . The gametes are formed from diploid progenitor cells by meiosis , which involves genetic recombination—the key evolutionary aspect of sexual r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"ecology",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungi",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Mitotic Recombination Accelerates Adaptation in the Fungus Aspergillus nidulans |
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