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Following endaerectomy on the right common carotid, a patient is found to be blind in the right eye. It is appears that a small thrombus embolized during surgery and lodged in the aery supplying the optic nerve. Which aery would be blocked? | Central aery of the retina | Infraorbital aery | Lacrimal aery | Nasociliary aretry | a | The central aery of the retina is a branch of the ophthalmic aery. It is the sole blood supply to the retina; it has no significant collateral circulation and blockage of this vessel leads to blindness. The branches of this aery are what you view during a fundoscopic exam. Note: The infraorbital aery is a branch of the... |
Following are the causes of sudden loss of vision except ? | Angle closure glaucoma | Endophthalmitis | Central serous retinopathy | Corneal ulceration | d | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Corneal ulceration |
Regarding Sjogren's syndrome, all are true except: September 2010 | Keratoconjuctivitis sicca | Rheumatoid ahritis | Epiphora | Autoimmune in nature | c | Ans. C: Epiphora SjOgren's syndrome (also known as "Mikulicz disease" and "Sicca syndrome", is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva SjOgren's syndrome can exist as a disorder in its own right (Primary Sjogren's syndrome) or it may devel... |
Hypersecretory glaucoma is seen in – | Epidemic dropsy | Marfan's syndrome | Hypertension | Diabetes | a | "In epidemic dropsy, glaucoma is wide angle glaucoma, with normal chamber and angle. Outflow is within normal limits. The queous shows raised level of histamin, prostaglandin and protein suggesting that glaucoma is hypersecretory". _ Mukherjee |
Which of the following is true statement regarding human eye | Cornea cut off wavelength upto 400 nm | Normal eye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 nm | Even after cataract surgery UV rays are not penetrated | Lens will not reflect light | b | Ans. b (normal rye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 ntn) Ref: yanoff 3rd ed p 383, internet sitesCornea and lens act as special filters absorbing the more energetic wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum that can damage the retina. Cornea absorbs wavelength below 295nm where as lens absorbs strongly in the... |
Grave's ophthalmopathy mostly presents as September 2010 | Proptosis | Ptosis | Reduced intraocular tension | Increased power of convergence | a | Ans. A: Proptosis Graves' ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), dysthyroid/thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), Graves' orbitopathy) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eye, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, swelling (edema), redness (erythema), conjunctivit... |
Which test helps to differentiate between concomitant squint and paralytic squint | Cover - uncover test | Alternate covertest | Direct cover test | None of the above | b | This procedure causes breakdown of binocular fusion mechanism thus helpful to differentiate. |
A patient on amiodarone is diagnosed to have cornea verticillata. What should be management – | Stop the drug | Penetrating keratoplasty | Lamellar keratoplasty | Observation | a | Cornea Verticillata
This is a whorl-like opacity in the corneal epithelium seen in patients on long-term treatment with medication such as amiodarone, chloroquine, phenothiazines and indomethacin.
It is also seen in patients with Fabry disease and its carrier state. The condition is generally asymptomatic, harmless an... |
"Candle-wax spots" in the retina are present in | Sarcoidosis | Toxoplasmosis | Syphilis | Tuberculosis | a | (A) Sarcoidosis # OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SARCOIDOSIS:> Anterior segment: Conjunctival involvement has been reported in patients with ocular sarcoidosis.> Sarcoidosis granulomas are solitary, yellow "millet-seed" nodules.> Anterior uveitis occurs in 22%- 70% of patients with ocular sarcoidosis, and is usually granulom... |
Lens develops from? | Endoderm | Mesoderm | Surface ectoderm | Neuroectoderm | c | Ans. c (Surface ectoderm). (Ref. Human Embryology by IB Singh, 6th/352)LENS# LENS develops from surface ectoderm.# Compared to the cornea, it has a much lower converging power of 17 diopters because of the relatively similar refractive indices of aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous body (cornea 42 D).# However, the lens ... |
All are causes of white-dot syndrome except: | Fuch's heterochromic uveitis | VKH syndrome | HIV retinopathy | Sympathetic ophthalmitis | d | Ans. Sympathetic ophthalmitis |
Child with mild squint. Intrauterine, bih history, developmental history till date all normal. Corneal reflex normal. All other eye parameters normal except exaggerated epicanthal fold. Diagnosis ? | Pseudostrabismus | Accomodative squint | Exophoria | Esophoria | a | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pseudostrabismus Epicantnic fold causes Pseudoesotropia (Pseudostrabismus). |
Most serious complication seen in other eye after traumatic injury to one eye: March 2005, September 2008 | Subconjunctival hemorrhage | Corneal edema | Sympathetic ophthalmia | Sudden loss of vision | c | Ans. C: Sympathetic ophthalmia Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a condition in which serious inflammation attacks the sound eye after injury (including intraocular surgeries) to the other. It is the most dreaded complication of unilateral severe eye injury, as it can leave the patient completely blind. Symptoms may devel... |
Which among the following is the BEST irrigating fluid during ECCE? | Ringer lactate | Normal saline | Balanced salt solution | Balanced salt solution + glutathione | d | BSS plus a balanced salt solution enhanced with bicarbonate, dextrose and glutathione. It is specially used for surgeries requiring prolonged irrigation such as phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy and automated extracapsular cataract extraction. Balanced sterile solution is a sterile physiologically balanced irr... |
Inclusion body conjunctivitis true is all except: | Self limiting | Present only in infants | Occurs while passage from bih canal | Caused by chlamydia | b | Ans. Present only in infants |
Yoke muscle pair is | Rt LR and Rt MR | Rt so and Lt Io | Rt LR and Lt MR | All the above | c | Right lateral rectus and left medial rectus.
Yolk muscles are pair of muscles one from eye which contracts simultaneously during version movement. |
All are clinical features of chalcosis except | Kayser - Fleischer ring | Sun - flower cataract | Deposition of golden plaques at the posterior pole | Dalen- fuch's nodules. | d | Dalen - fuch's nodules are formed due to proliferation of the pigment epithelium ----- sympathetic ophthalmitis. |
A tumor has the following characteristic retrobulbar location within the muscle cone, well defined capsule, presents with slowly progressive proptosis, easily resectable, occurs most commonly in the 2nd to 4th decade. Most likely diagnosis is - | Capillary hemangioma | Cavernous hemangioma | Lymhangioma | Hemangiopericytome | b | Ref: Clinical ophthalmology 5th/e p.670 *Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign, intraconal tumor in adults. *Hemangiopericytoma is also retrobulbar intraconal lesion found in adults but is a rare tumor. Moreover owing to its tendency to invade the adjacent tissues, its margins are less distinct than cavernous ... |
Cause of exudative retinal detachment are: | Scleritis | Toxaemia of pregnancy | Central serous retinopathy | All | d | Ans. All |
Incomplete closure of palpebral apeure is called: March 2004 | Lagophthalmos | Chalazion | Entropion | Ectropion | a | Ans. A i.e. Lagophthalmos |
Most common method of anterior capsulotomy in phacoemulsification | Can-opener capsulotomy | Intercapsular capsulotomy | Capsulorhexis | Envelop capsulotomy | c | Answer- C. CapsulorhexisThe most commonly used technique for anterior capsulotomy during phacoemulsification is continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC). |
Most common cranial nerve involved in ophthalmoplegic migraine is: | II nerve | III nerve | V nerve | VI nerve | b | Ans. III nerve |
All of the following are true for retinopathy of prematurity except: | Occurs in premature infants due to late crying | Due to hypoxia there occurs neovascularization followed by fibroproliferation | End result is bilateral blindness | Blindness can be prevented by early diagnosis and ablation of vascular premature retina with cryotherapy or photocoagulation | a | Ans. Occurs in premature infants due to late crying |
Type of cataract in chalcosis is | Sunflower cataract | Blue dot Cataract | Snowflake cataract | Polychromatic lustre | a | Answer- A. Sunflower cataract |
Refsum's syndrome is associated with ? | Retinitis pigmentosa | Xerophthalmia | Chalcosis | Diabetes retinopathy | a | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Retinitis pigmentosa Associations of retinitis pigmentosa Ocular associations : These include myopia, primary open angle glaucoma, microphthalmos, conical cornea and posterior subcapsular cataract. Systemic associations : These are in the form of following syndromes :- i) Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome ... |
Glaucoma is caused by - | Raised intraocular pressure | Raised intracranial Pressure | Intraocular infection | Orbital mass | a | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Raised intraocular pressure The most common risk factor known is increased intraocular pressure (lOP)o Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases causing optic nerve damage i.e., glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy caused by a group of ocular conditions which lead to damage of optic nerveo Op... |
False about stagardt's disease | Autosomal dominant | No family history | Beaten bronze appearance fundus | ERG and EOG both are normal | a | Stagardt's disease is autosomal recessive. |
Apex national institute of ophthalmology is | Advance eye care PGI Chandigarh | RIO | Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences , Delhi | Shankara Netralaya , Chennai | c | Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi has been designated as the apex national institute of ophthalmology. |
Which laser is used in the management of after cataracts: | Argon | Krypton | Nd-YAG | Excimer | c | Ans. Nd-YAG |
Blow out fracture of orbit commonly produces | Deviation of septum | Retinal haemorrhage | Fracture of nasal bones | Fracture of floor of orbit | d | (D) Fracture of floor of orbit # Blow out fracture of orbit; Intraorbital haemorrhages, proptosis, paralysis of extrinsic muscles and fracture of the floor of the orbit are not infrequent following a blunt injury to the orbital region> Proptosis develops due to reactive oedema and intra-orbital haemorrhage.> Partial or... |
Patient came to the OPD with recent onset photphobia within 24 hours and sloughing corneal ulcer. There is greenish ulcer base. Which of the following can be the causative organism: | Acanthamoeba | Nocardia | Pseudomonas | Herpes | c | Pseudomonas Ulcer Rapid onset & Greenish ulcer base Produce biofilm that cause resistance MC cause of infection in contact lens users Nocardia ulcer resembles fungal ulcer in its characteristics. |
Diplopia is not a presenting feature in: | Manifest squint | Paralytic squint | Latent squint | Anisometropia | c | C i.e. Latent squint Hetrophoria or latent strabismus is a condition in which there is a tendency to misalignment of the visual axis, which is corrected by the fusional capacity. Often latent squints give no trouble until the demand of near vision increase the strain. No symptoms arise, perhaps, until after reading or ... |
Cataract blindness is: | Preventable | Curable | Avoidable | Curable and avoidable | b | Ans. Curable |
Conjunctiva epithelium is: | Pseudostratified | Stratified columnar | Stratified non keratinized squamous | Transitional | c | C i.e. Stratified non keratinized epithelium Conjunctival epithelium is stratified non keratinized squamous epitheliumQ. Conjunctiva has palpebral (marginal, tarsal, orbital), bulbar & fornix pas. Marginal palpebral conjunctiva has transitional zone (not epithelium) covered with stratified epithelium with characteristi... |
Bitemporal hemianopic field defect is characteristic of: | Glaucoma | Optic neuritis | Pituitary tumor | Retinal detachment | c | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Pituitary tumour Bitemporal hemianopia results due to central (sagittal) lesion of the optic chiasma, common causes of which are tumors of the pituitary gland, craniopharyngioma, suprasellar meningioma, glioma of third ventricle, chiasmal arachnoiditis, third ventricular dilatation.Sites of lesion of v... |
Phenol red thread test is used for dry eye. This test- | Requires topical anaesthetic agent | Volume of tears isn't measured as it changes color on contact with tears | If the color changes to blue, it depicts surface mucin deficiency | Requiras pH meter for reading result | b | *Phenol red dye test measures the production of tears without topical anesthesia, as the dye changes its color to red on contact with tears. It doesn't require pH meter for reading the result. Ref: Ophthalmology Yanoff and Duker 4th/e p.277 |
Most common tumor to extend from intracranial to orbit is – | Astrocytoma | Pituitary adenoma | Craniopharyngioma | Sphenoidal wing meningioma | d | "Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor to extend to the orbit".......... Ophthalmic oncology
Meningiomas commonly arise from the dura of sphenoid wing, i.e. sphenoid wing meningioma. |
Stem cells are present where in cornea - | Limbus | Stroma | Epithelium | Descmet's membrane | a | Answer- A. LimbusLimbal stem cells (also called corneal epithelial stem cells) are stem cells located in the basal epithelial layer of the corneal limbus.Proliferation of limbal stem cells maintains the cornea; for example, replacing cells that are lost tears.Limbal stem cells also prevent the conjunctivalepithelial ce... |
Subconjunctival cyst is seen in? | Toxoplasmosis | Cysticercosis | Leishmaniasis | Chaga's disease | b | Ans. is b i.e., Cysticercosis Parasitic cysts occurs in subconjunctival cysticercus, hydatid cyst and filarial cyst. |
Sixth cranial nerve palsy causes of left eye causes? | Accomodation paresis in left gaze | Ptosis of left eye | Adduction weakness of left eye | Diplopia in left gaze | d | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Diplopia in left gaze o Sixth nerve supplies lateral rectus, therefore its palsy results in abduction weakness (not adduction weakness)o In left gaze, there is abduction of left eye and adduction of right eye. If there is paralysis of lateral rectus of left eye (6th nerve paralysis), abduction of left... |
Patient with fixed dilated pupil, with iris atrophy and secondary glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty is suggestive of: | Benedict's syndrome | Posner-Shlossman syndrome | Kaufmann's syndrome | Urrets Zavalia syndrome | d | Ans. d. Urrets Zavalia syndrome (Ref: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">icles/PMC1770988)A fixed dilated pupil following penetrating keratoplasty is a well recognized if rare postoperative complication.The mydriasis following penetrating keratoplasty was first described b... |
Characteristic visual field defect in optic chiasma lesion - | Homonymous hemianopia | Bitemporal hemianopia | Upper quadrantanopia | Lower quadrantanopia | b | Ans, is 'b' i.e,. Bitemporal hemianopia Site of lesionVisual field defectOptic nerveBlindnessOptic cbiasmaBitemporal hemianopiaOptic tractIncongruent homonymous hemianopiaLateral geniculate bodyHomonymous hemianopiaOptic radiation (Total)Homonymous hemianopia, sometimes with macular sparingOptic radiation lower fibres ... |
Uveitis is associated most commonly with : | Rheumatoid arthritis | Systemic JRA | Pauciarticular JRA | Poly articular JRA | c | Ans. is 'c' ie Pauciarticular JRA Uveitis can be seen in both pauciarticular and polyarticular JRA but is much more commonly associated with pauciarticular JRA.It is seen in about 20-25% of cases of pauciarticular and only 5% of polyarticular JRA. |
Keratic precipitates are most commonly seen in - | Corneal ulcers | Uveitis | Nuclear cataracts | Keratoconus | b | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Uveitis o Keratic precipitates (KPs) are proteinaceous cellular deposits occurring at the back of cornea (corneal endothelial deposits). Keratic precipitates are formed by the aggregation of polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, and epitheloid cells. In the setting of uveitis, the bimicrosopic appeara... |
Regarding spring catarrh, all of the following are true, except: | Cobblestone appearance of conjunctiva | Common in spring months | Limbus conjunctival thickening | Sodium cromoglycate is a form of therapy | c | Limbus conjunctival thickening |
All of the following causes coloured halos except | Corneal edema | Retinal degeneration | Foreign body | Steroids | b | Halos can sometimes be a normal response to bright lights. Halos can also be caused by wearing eyeglasses or corrective lenses (contact lenses), or they can be a side effect of cataract or LASIK surgery. ... Thehalos are a result in diffraction of light entering your eye |
Ocular manifestation in giant cell arteritis? | Arteritic AION | Nonarteritic AION | Papilledema | Horners Syndrome | a | Ans. a. Arteritic AIONAION occurs due to interference of blood supply to anterior part of optic nerve (posterior ciliary artery)AION can be clinically differentiated into:Arteritic AIONNonarteritic AION*. Due to giant cell arteritis*. Due to occlusion of short posterior ciliary artery*. Sudden, severe visual loss (6/60... |
Most Common Tumour of Eyelid is: | Sebaceeous Ca | BCC | SCC | Malignant melanoma | b | BCC |
What is the treatment of threshold ROP? | laser photocoagulation | slow reduction in oxygen | retinal reattachment | antioxidants | a | Ans is 'a' i.e. Laser Photocoagulation Threshold disease in ROP is defined as stage 3+ ROP in Zones 1 or 2 occupying at least five contiguous clock-hours or eight noncontiguous clock-hours of retina.Treatment of threshold disease is Laser Photocoagulation.'Laser therapy has largely replaced cryotherapy because visual a... |
Diplopia is usually seen in ? | Paralytic squint | Non-paralytic squint | Both of the above | None of the above | a | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Paralytic squint |
Orange-skin cornea results due to: | Chalcosis | Siderosis | Ammonia burn | Mustard gas | d | Ans. Mustard gas |
What is irregular astigmatism- | Perpendicular principal meridians | Non perpendicular principal meridians | Any of the above | None of the above | b | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Non perpendicular principal meridians ASTIGMATISMo Astigmatism is a type of refractive error wherein the refraction varies in the different meridia. Consequently, the rays of light entering in the eye cannot converge to a point focus but form focal lines. The refractive error of the astigmatic eye ste... |
Pterygium all are true except: | Arise from any pa of conjunctiva | Can cause astigmatism | Surgery is treatment of choice | UV exposure is risk factor | a | Ans. Arise from any pa of conjunctiva |
Which of the gene is most often implicated in congenital cataract and alpha crystallin mutation? | GLC3A | PAX6 | PITX2 | CRYAA | d | CRYAA is implicated in congenital cataract and alpha crystallin mutation. |
Most common cause of unilateral proptosis is | Thyrotoxicosis | Retinoblastoma | Intraocular haemorrhage | Raised intracranial tension | a | A i.e. Thyrotoxicosis Grave's ophthalmopathy is most common cause of U/L or B/L proptosis in adults Q between age of 25-50 yrsQ |
Normal axial length of the eye - | 18mm | 20 mm | 24mm | 28 mm | c | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 24 mm o The length of the eyeball is approximately 24 mm, So the distances from the cornea / crystalline lens to the retina and the focal length of optical rays focused by the comea/crystalline lens propagating in the vitreous humor and imaging on the retina, are also about 24 mm.Dimensiosn of an adul... |
Baby born prematurely at 29 wks, on examination at 42 weeks with ROP, both eyes shows stage 2 zone 1 `plus' disease, how will you manage the patient ? | Examine the patient after 1 week | Laser photocoagulation of both eyes | Laser photocoagulation of worse eye, follow up of other eye | Vitreoretinal surgery | b | The hallmark of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is abnormal retinal vasculature. Ophthalmologists diagnose and make decisions about the initial treatment of ROP based on the appearance of the retinal blood vessels. Dilatation and tortuosity of the retinal vessels at the posterior pole is termed plus' disease. It is a ... |
Earliest clinical feature of Senile cataract | Glare | Frequent change of glasses | Coloured halos | Uniocular polyopia | a | Earliest clinical feature of Senile cataract is Glare
Most common symptom at presentation is Frequent change of glasses |
Features of vernal keratoconjunctivitis are – a) Papillary hypertrophyb) Follicular hypertrophyc) Herbert's pitsd) Tantra\'s Spote) Ciliary congestion | b | c | ac | ad | d | Papillary hypertrophy into polygonal papilla is arranged in cobblestone or pavement stone fashion. |
Retinoscopy is done for: | Examination of Retina | Assessing surface of cornea | Refractive errors | Examination of vitreous | c | Retinoscopy is an objective method of finding out the error of refraction by the method of neutralization.The end point of neutralization is either no movement or just reversal of the movement of the pupillaryshadow. Depending upon the movement of the red reflexvis-a-vis movement of the plane mirror, Following infrence... |
SAFE strategy use in | Inclusion conjunctivitis | Ophthalmia neonatorum | Trachoma | Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis | c | SAFE strategy - for prophylaxis against trachoma and prevention of blindness S - Surgery for trichiasis - Teiary prevention A - Antibiotic - AZITHROMYCIN (D/O/C) - secondary prevention F - Facial hygiene - primary prevention E - Environmental changes - primordial prevention |
True regarding amaurosis fugax are all except: | Transient, recurrent episodes of visual loss | Binocular lesion | Embolus from carotid aery is commonest cause | Ocular examination may be normal | b | Amaurosis fugax Sudden, temporary and painless monocular visual loss occurring due to a transient failure of retinal circulation. Uniocular lesion Lasts for 2-5 minutes and resolves in the reverse pattern of progression, leaving no residual deficit. Fundus : May be normal or shows retinal ischemia-Retinal oedema and sm... |
Best way to prevent infection after cataract surgery is | Antibiotics | Eye brow shaving | Through irrigation | None of the above | a | Topical antibiotics such as tobramycin or gentamicin or ciprofloxacin QID for 3 days just before surgery is advisable as prophylaxis against endophthalmitis.Ref: Khurana; 4th edition; Pg- 184 |
Interstitial keratitis is commonly seen in: March 2005 | Fungal keratitis | Congenital syphilis | Phlyctenular keratitis | Trachoma | b | Ans. B: Congenital syphilis It develop from host immune mechanisms to active infections or antigens within the stromal keratocytes. Diseases known to cause interstitial keratitis include: congenital syphilis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, Epstein-Barr, tuberculosis and leprosy. Clinical manifestations: superficial str... |
The most commonly seen primary orbital tumour in children is | Optic nerve sheath meningioma | Retinoblastoma | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Glioma of optic nerve | c | Rhabdomyosarcoma It is a highly malignant tumour of the orbit arising from the extraocular muscles. It is the most common primary orbital tumour among children, usually occurring below the age of 15 years (90%). Clinical features: It classically presents as rapidly progressive proptosis of sudden onset in a child of 7-... |
Length of naso lacrimal duct is: | 10 mm | 11 mm | 12 mm | 9 mm | c | Ans. 12 mm |
A 65yr old male with his of Diabetes and HTN presents Ito OPD with complaints of diplopia and squint on examination secondary detion is seen to be more than primary detion Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis | Paralytic squint | Incomitant squint | Restrictive squint | Pseudo squint | a | ref : ak khurana 7th ed |
All are common causes of childhood blindness except | Malnutrition | Glaucoma | Ophthalmia neonatorum | Congenital dacryocystitis | d | Congenital dacryocystitis [Ref: Khurana 4/e,p 369, 447; Parson's 20/e, p 530-531 Repeat from May07 Causes of impaired vision in childhood Anatomical classification Whole globe: microphthalmos, anophthalmos, phthisis bulbi, atrophic bulbi Cornea: scar, anterior staphyloma, dystrophy Lens: cataract, dislocation, aphakia ... |
Type of laser used for capsulotomy is: | CO2 | Ruby | Nd:YAG | Argon | c | Ans. Nd:YAG |
A young patient presented with sudden painless loss of vision with systolic murmur over chest, ocular examination reveals - cherry red spot in macula with clear AC, with perception of light, diagnosis: | Central retinal aery occlusion | Central retinal vein occlusion | Macular choroiditis with infective endocarditis | Central serous retinopathy | a | A i.e. Central retinal aery occlusion All the above can lead to sudden painless loss of vision, but Cherry-Red Spot is seen only in CRAO Sudden Painful Painless * Acute * Macular edema congestive * CRAO Q (central retinal aery (angle occlusion) closure) * CRVO Q (central retinal vein occlusion) glaucoma Q * Central ser... |
Best IOL is – | Anterior chamber | Posterior chamber | Iris supported | Angle supported | b | The best position of IOL is within the capsular bag in posterior chamber. |
Treatment of choice for Aniseikonia | Ohoptic exercise | Spectacles | Surgery | Contact lens | d | Treatment 1. Optical aniseikonia may be corrected by aniseikonic glasses, contact lenses or intraocular lenses depending upon the situation. 2. For retinal aniseikonia treat the cause. 3. Coical aniseikonia is very difficult to treat. Image : Aniseikonia Reference : A K KHURANA OPHTALMOLOGY,Edition 4,Page-39 |
The mode of action of Lanatoprost in glaucoma: | Increasing trabecular outflow | Releasing pupillary block | Decreasing aqueous humour formation | Increasing uveoscleral outflow | d | Lantanoprost is prastoglandin in nature and decrease the intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour. It is very good adjunctive therapy along with betablockers, dorzolamide and pilocarpine. Ref: A.K KHURANA (2005), Chapter 9, "Glaucoma", In the book, "Opthalmology", 3rd Edition, Newdelhi, ... |
Temporal pallor in optic disc seen in all except | Optic neuritis | Compression of optic nerve | Leber's hereditary optic neuritis | Glaucoma | d | Optic atrophy, pallor of the optic nerve head, is a sign found in patients with visual loss due to pathology of the optic nerve or retinal ganglion cells. ... It refers topallor of the optic disc which results from irreversible damage to the retinal ganglion cells and axons. It is commonly seen in Optic neuritis Compre... |
Drugs causing macular toxicity when given intravitreally- | Gentamycin | Vancomycin | Dexamethasone | Ceftazidime | a | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gentamycino Intravitreal aminoglycosides (gentamycin, amikacin) are a reported cause of macular toxicity.o Aminoglycosides induced macular toxicity is thought to be partially due to the gravity-induced settling of drugs on the macula in supine position.o This may result in a higher concentration of dr... |
Optical media are clear in: | Cavernous sinus thrombosis | Orbital cellulitis | Both of the above | None of the above | c | Ans. Both of the above |
A case of injury to right brow due to a fall from scooter present with sudden loss of vision in the right eye.The pupil shows absent direct reflex but a normal consensual pupillary reflex is present. The fundus is normal. The treatment of choice is- | Intensive intravenous corticosteroids as prescribed for spinal injuries to be instituted within six hours | Pulse methyl Prednisolone 250 mg four times daily for three days | Oral Prednisolone 1.5 mg/kg body weight | Emergency optic canal decompression | a | Sudden loss of vision, absent Ipsilateral direct light reflex and normal ipsilateral consensual light reflex suggest the diagnosis of optic nerve injury.
Within 8 hours of injury megadose of iv steroid (methylprednisolone) should be given. If there is no response or deterioration, optic canal decompression should be do... |
Not a common cause of night blindness: | Cataract | RP | Oguchi disease | Pathological myopia | a | Cataract is not a common cause of night blindness. Other causes are more recognized causes. Causes of Night Blindness Vitamin A deficiency (first symptom is red-green differentiation anomaly) Pathological myopia Tapetoretinal degenerations{eg. Retinitis pigmentosa(RP)} Familial congenital night blindness Oguchi's disea... |
Marcus Gunn pupil is due to - | Total afferent pupillary defect | Relative afferent pupillary defect | Efferent pathway defect | Cerebral lesion | b | The Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD), or Marcus-Gunn Pupil is an extremely significant and highly objective clinical finding in the examination of the visual system. The "swinging flashlight test" is probably the best test for identifying an RAPD. In this test, a strong, steady light is used. The light is shin... |
Patient came with hydrops and scarring of cornea. What would be the treatment modality you would opt for him: | Penetrating Keratoplasty | Endothelial lamellar Keratoplasty | Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty | Collagen cross linking | a | Penetrating keratoplasty has to be done in cases of deep corneal scar or hydrops. SURGICAL MODALITIES FOR KERATOCONUS Keratoplasty for Keratoconus DALK (deep anterior Lamellar keratoplasty): when > 1/2 of stroma is involved. ALTK (Anterior lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty) : When less than 1/2 of stroma is involved. P... |
Neovascularisation is seen in | Central vein obstruction | Central retinal aery obstruction | Branch retinal vein obstruction | All of the above. | a | A i.e. Central vein obstruction |
Dislocation of lens is seen in: | Trachoma | Diabetes mellitus | Homocystinuria | Turner's syndrome | c | C i.e. Homocystinuria |
True about keratoconus are all of the following except: September 2005 | Can be seen in Down's syndrome | It manifests just after bih | Munson sign is characteristic | Corneal transplantation is needed in severe cases | b | Ans. B: It manifests just after bih Keratoconus is frequently due to a congenital weakness of the cornea, though it manifests itself after pubey. However it can occur secondarily following trauma or Down's syndrome. Keratoconus is divided into mild, moderate, and advanced. Mild keratoconus - External and corneal signs ... |
All are the causes of neovascular glaucoma except: | Intraocular tumour | Central retinal vein occlusion | Diabetic retinopathy | Central serous retinopathy | d | Ans. Central serous retinopathy |
The commonest cranial nerve palsy in tabes dorasalis is: | III nerve | IV nerve | VI nerve | Total ophthalmoplegia | a | Ans. III nerve |
Sunflower cataract is caused by | Siderosis | Chalcosis | Lead intoxication | Silicosis | b | Chalcosis is copper alloy in the eye Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 194 |
A patient presents to the emergency department with uniocular diplopia. Examination with oblique illumination shows golden crescent while examination with coaxial illumination show a dark crescent line. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis – | Lenticonus | Coloboma | Microspherophakia | Ectopia lentis | d | Presence of uniocular diplopia together with the finding of the golden crescent on oblique illumination (edge of subluxated lens) or black crecent line on coaxial illumination (edge of subluxated lens) suggests a diagnosis of `subluxation' of the crystalline lens. Ectopic lens refers to the displacement of shows lens f... |
Rosette cataract' is caused by: | Diabetes | After cataract | Trauma | Gaucher's disease | c | Ans. c (Trauma) (Ref: Parson's Disease of Eye 19th/pg. 283; Basak Ophthalmology 2nd/pg. 82, 305).CATARACTContusion cataractContusion of the eyeball will produce a rosette-shaped subcapsular opacity on the anterior surface of the lens. It will normally remain unchanged but will migrate into the deeper cortex over time d... |
Which of the following is an ocular emergency ? | CRAO | Optic neuritis | Acute congestive glaucoma | All of the above | d | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Ocular emergencies include those conditions that result in acute, severe pain in association with sudden vision loss, or that may lead to vision loss if left untreated; and traumatic conditions that affect globe or adnexa. Comon ophthalmic emergencies are :- Acute congestive glaucoma ... |
Which of the following disease shows autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance? | Best's disease | Bassen-Kornzwig disease | Gyrate atrophy | Laurence-Moon-Biedle syndrome | a | Best's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable penetrance and expressivity. Bassen-Kornzwig disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. Gyrate atrophy is an autosomal recessive dystrophy with peripheral choroidal degeneration. Laurence-Moon-Biedle syndrome is also inh... |
The early changes in coicosteroid-induced cataract are in the form of: | Central posterior subcapsular lens changes | Anterior coical lens changes | Nuclear changes | Diffuse lens changes | a | Ans. Central posterior subcapsular lens changes |
A person with defective blue color appreciation is called ? | Deuteranomalous | Deuteranopia | Tritanopia | Tritanomalous | d | Ans. is `d' i.e., Tritanomalous |
Which of the following is not an ophthalmic emergency: | Macular hole | Retinal Detachment | CRAO | Acute primary angle closure glaucoma | a | Ans. Macular hole |
Blindness in child is most commonly due to | Keratomalacia | Congenital cataract | Glaucoma | Injuries | a | Most common cause of childhood blindness is vitamin A deficiency Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 382 |
Homonymous hemianopia may be seen in lesion of all of the following, EXCEPT: | Optic chiasma | Optic tract | Optic radiation | Occipital lobe | a | Lesion of the optic chiasma result in bitemporal hemianopia not homonymous hemianopia. Lesions of the visual pathway and corresponding field defects: Lesion of optic nerve: Ipsilateral blindness Lesion through proximal pa of optic nerve: Ipsilateral blindness with contralateral quadrantanopia. Lesion of optic tract: Ho... |
Commonest cause of loss of vision in non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy is – | Vitreous heamorrhage | Macular edema | Detachment of retina | Subretinal haemorrhage | b | Macular edema is the most common cause of loss of vision in NPDR. |
Most common tumor to extend from intracranial to orbit is- | Astrocytoma | Pituitary adenoma | Craniopharyngioma | Sphenoidal wing meningioma | d | *Meningiomas commonly arise from the dura of sphenoid wing, i.e.sphenoid wing meningioma. Ref:Opthalmic oncology p.84. |
Inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by: | Chlamydia trachomatis | Chlamydia psittaci | Herpes | Gonorrhoea | a | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes D- K).Chlamydial inclusion conjunctivitis is generally spread by sexual transmission from the genital reservoir of infection. The primary source of infection is a benign subclinical venereal disease producing a... |
Treatment for dendritic ulcer includes all except: March 2009 | Penetrating keratoplasty | Acyclovir | Steroids | Debridement of the edges of the ulcer | c | Ans. C: Steroids Debridement of the edges of the ulcer with a moistened, fine cotton tipped applicators helps in reducing the load of active virus-infected cells. The standard treatment is idoxuridine drops/ trifluridine drops/ acyclovir 3% eye ointment/ 3% vidarabine ointment produces a resolution of herpes in 95% of ... |
Which of the following condition is associated with limitation of both adduction and abduction of the affected eye? | Duane retraction syndrome Type 1 | Duane retraction syndrome Type 2 | Duane retraction syndrome Type 3 | Double elevator palsy | c | Weakness of both adduction and abduction of the eye is a feature of Duane retraction syndrome type 3. Duane retraction syndrome is a congenital, incomitant ocular motility disorder characterized by abnormal function of lateral rectus muscle in the affected eye together with retraction of the globe and narrowing of the ... |
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