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Following endaerectomy on the right common carotid, a patient is found to be blind in the right eye. It is appears that a small thrombus embolized during surgery and lodged in the aery supplying the optic nerve. Which aery would be blocked?
Central aery of the retina
Infraorbital aery
Lacrimal aery
Nasociliary aretry
a
The central aery of the retina is a branch of the ophthalmic aery. It is the sole blood supply to the retina; it has no significant collateral circulation and blockage of this vessel leads to blindness. The branches of this aery are what you view during a fundoscopic exam. Note: The infraorbital aery is a branch of the...
Following are the causes of sudden loss of vision except ?
Angle closure glaucoma
Endophthalmitis
Central serous retinopathy
Corneal ulceration
d
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Corneal ulceration
Regarding Sjogren's syndrome, all are true except: September 2010
Keratoconjuctivitis sicca
Rheumatoid ahritis
Epiphora
Autoimmune in nature
c
Ans. C: Epiphora SjOgren's syndrome (also known as "Mikulicz disease" and "Sicca syndrome", is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva SjOgren's syndrome can exist as a disorder in its own right (Primary Sjogren's syndrome) or it may devel...
Hypersecretory glaucoma is seen in –
Epidemic dropsy
Marfan's syndrome
Hypertension
Diabetes
a
"In epidemic dropsy, glaucoma is wide angle glaucoma, with normal chamber and angle. Outflow is within normal limits. The queous shows raised level of histamin, prostaglandin and protein suggesting that glaucoma is hypersecretory". _ Mukherjee
Which of the following is true statement regarding human eye
Cornea cut off wavelength upto 400 nm
Normal eye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 nm
Even after cataract surgery UV rays are not penetrated
Lens will not reflect light
b
Ans. b (normal rye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 ntn) Ref: yanoff 3rd ed p 383, internet sitesCornea and lens act as special filters absorbing the more energetic wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum that can damage the retina. Cornea absorbs wavelength below 295nm where as lens absorbs strongly in the...
Grave's ophthalmopathy mostly presents as September 2010
Proptosis
Ptosis
Reduced intraocular tension
Increased power of convergence
a
Ans. A: Proptosis Graves' ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), dysthyroid/thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), Graves' orbitopathy) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eye, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, swelling (edema), redness (erythema), conjunctivit...
Which test helps to differentiate between concomitant squint and paralytic squint
Cover - uncover test
Alternate covertest
Direct cover test
None of the above
b
This procedure causes breakdown of binocular fusion mechanism thus helpful to differentiate.
A patient on amiodarone is diagnosed to have cornea verticillata. What should be management –
Stop the drug
Penetrating keratoplasty
Lamellar keratoplasty
Observation
a
Cornea Verticillata This is a whorl-like opacity in the corneal epithelium seen in patients on long-term treatment with medication such as amiodarone, chloroquine, phenothiazines and indomethacin. It is also seen in patients with Fabry disease and its carrier state. The condition is generally asymptomatic, harmless an...
"Candle-wax spots" in the retina are present in
Sarcoidosis
Toxoplasmosis
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
a
(A) Sarcoidosis # OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SARCOIDOSIS:> Anterior segment: Conjunctival involvement has been reported in patients with ocular sarcoidosis.> Sarcoidosis granulomas are solitary, yellow "millet-seed" nodules.> Anterior uveitis occurs in 22%- 70% of patients with ocular sarcoidosis, and is usually granulom...
Lens develops from?
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Surface ectoderm
Neuroectoderm
c
Ans. c (Surface ectoderm). (Ref. Human Embryology by IB Singh, 6th/352)LENS# LENS develops from surface ectoderm.# Compared to the cornea, it has a much lower converging power of 17 diopters because of the relatively similar refractive indices of aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous body (cornea 42 D).# However, the lens ...
All are causes of white-dot syndrome except:
Fuch's heterochromic uveitis
VKH syndrome
HIV retinopathy
Sympathetic ophthalmitis
d
Ans. Sympathetic ophthalmitis
Child with mild squint. Intrauterine, bih history, developmental history till date all normal. Corneal reflex normal. All other eye parameters normal except exaggerated epicanthal fold. Diagnosis ?
Pseudostrabismus
Accomodative squint
Exophoria
Esophoria
a
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pseudostrabismus Epicantnic fold causes Pseudoesotropia (Pseudostrabismus).
Most serious complication seen in other eye after traumatic injury to one eye: March 2005, September 2008
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Corneal edema
Sympathetic ophthalmia
Sudden loss of vision
c
Ans. C: Sympathetic ophthalmia Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a condition in which serious inflammation attacks the sound eye after injury (including intraocular surgeries) to the other. It is the most dreaded complication of unilateral severe eye injury, as it can leave the patient completely blind. Symptoms may devel...
Which among the following is the BEST irrigating fluid during ECCE?
Ringer lactate
Normal saline
Balanced salt solution
Balanced salt solution + glutathione
d
BSS plus a balanced salt solution enhanced with bicarbonate, dextrose and glutathione. It is specially used for surgeries requiring prolonged irrigation such as phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy and automated extracapsular cataract extraction. Balanced sterile solution is a sterile physiologically balanced irr...
Inclusion body conjunctivitis true is all except:
Self limiting
Present only in infants
Occurs while passage from bih canal
Caused by chlamydia
b
Ans. Present only in infants
Yoke muscle pair is
Rt LR and Rt MR
Rt so and Lt Io
Rt LR and Lt MR
All the above
c
Right lateral rectus and left medial rectus. Yolk muscles are pair of muscles one from eye which contracts simultaneously during version movement.
All are clinical features of chalcosis except
Kayser - Fleischer ring
Sun - flower cataract
Deposition of golden plaques at the posterior pole
Dalen- fuch's nodules.
d
Dalen - fuch's nodules are formed due to proliferation of the pigment epithelium ----- sympathetic ophthalmitis.
A tumor has the following characteristic retrobulbar location within the muscle cone, well defined capsule, presents with slowly progressive proptosis, easily resectable, occurs most commonly in the 2nd to 4th decade. Most likely diagnosis is -
Capillary hemangioma
Cavernous hemangioma
Lymhangioma
Hemangiopericytome
b
Ref: Clinical ophthalmology 5th/e p.670 *Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign, intraconal tumor in adults. *Hemangiopericytoma is also retrobulbar intraconal lesion found in adults but is a rare tumor. Moreover owing to its tendency to invade the adjacent tissues, its margins are less distinct than cavernous ...
Cause of exudative retinal detachment are:
Scleritis
Toxaemia of pregnancy
Central serous retinopathy
All
d
Ans. All
Incomplete closure of palpebral apeure is called: March 2004
Lagophthalmos
Chalazion
Entropion
Ectropion
a
Ans. A i.e. Lagophthalmos
Most common method of anterior capsulotomy in phacoemulsification
Can-opener capsulotomy
Intercapsular capsulotomy
Capsulorhexis
Envelop capsulotomy
c
Answer- C. CapsulorhexisThe most commonly used technique for anterior capsulotomy during phacoemulsification is continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC).
Most common cranial nerve involved in ophthalmoplegic migraine is:
II nerve
III nerve
V nerve
VI nerve
b
Ans. III nerve
All of the following are true for retinopathy of prematurity except:
Occurs in premature infants due to late crying
Due to hypoxia there occurs neovascularization followed by fibroproliferation
End result is bilateral blindness
Blindness can be prevented by early diagnosis and ablation of vascular premature retina with cryotherapy or photocoagulation
a
Ans. Occurs in premature infants due to late crying
Type of cataract in chalcosis is
Sunflower cataract
Blue dot Cataract
Snowflake cataract
Polychromatic lustre
a
Answer- A. Sunflower cataract
Refsum's syndrome is associated with ?
Retinitis pigmentosa
Xerophthalmia
Chalcosis
Diabetes retinopathy
a
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Retinitis pigmentosa Associations of retinitis pigmentosa Ocular associations : These include myopia, primary open angle glaucoma, microphthalmos, conical cornea and posterior subcapsular cataract. Systemic associations : These are in the form of following syndromes :- i) Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome ...
Glaucoma is caused by -
Raised intraocular pressure
Raised intracranial Pressure
Intraocular infection
Orbital mass
a
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Raised intraocular pressure The most common risk factor known is increased intraocular pressure (lOP)o Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases causing optic nerve damage i.e., glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy caused by a group of ocular conditions which lead to damage of optic nerveo Op...
False about stagardt's disease
Autosomal dominant
No family history
Beaten bronze appearance fundus
ERG and EOG both are normal
a
Stagardt's disease is autosomal recessive.
Apex national institute of ophthalmology is
Advance eye care PGI Chandigarh
RIO
Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences , Delhi
Shankara Netralaya , Chennai
c
Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi has been designated as the apex national institute of ophthalmology.
Which laser is used in the management of after cataracts:
Argon
Krypton
Nd-YAG
Excimer
c
Ans. Nd-YAG
Blow out fracture of orbit commonly produces
Deviation of septum
Retinal haemorrhage
Fracture of nasal bones
Fracture of floor of orbit
d
(D) Fracture of floor of orbit # Blow out fracture of orbit; Intraorbital haemorrhages, proptosis, paralysis of extrinsic muscles and fracture of the floor of the orbit are not infrequent following a blunt injury to the orbital region> Proptosis develops due to reactive oedema and intra-orbital haemorrhage.> Partial or...
Patient came to the OPD with recent onset photphobia within 24 hours and sloughing corneal ulcer. There is greenish ulcer base. Which of the following can be the causative organism:
Acanthamoeba
Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Herpes
c
Pseudomonas Ulcer Rapid onset & Greenish ulcer base Produce biofilm that cause resistance MC cause of infection in contact lens users Nocardia ulcer resembles fungal ulcer in its characteristics.
Diplopia is not a presenting feature in:
Manifest squint
Paralytic squint
Latent squint
Anisometropia
c
C i.e. Latent squint Hetrophoria or latent strabismus is a condition in which there is a tendency to misalignment of the visual axis, which is corrected by the fusional capacity. Often latent squints give no trouble until the demand of near vision increase the strain. No symptoms arise, perhaps, until after reading or ...
Cataract blindness is:
Preventable
Curable
Avoidable
Curable and avoidable
b
Ans. Curable
Conjunctiva epithelium is:
Pseudostratified
Stratified columnar
Stratified non keratinized squamous
Transitional
c
C i.e. Stratified non keratinized epithelium Conjunctival epithelium is stratified non keratinized squamous epitheliumQ. Conjunctiva has palpebral (marginal, tarsal, orbital), bulbar & fornix pas. Marginal palpebral conjunctiva has transitional zone (not epithelium) covered with stratified epithelium with characteristi...
Bitemporal hemianopic field defect is characteristic of:
Glaucoma
Optic neuritis
Pituitary tumor
Retinal detachment
c
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Pituitary tumour Bitemporal hemianopia results due to central (sagittal) lesion of the optic chiasma, common causes of which are tumors of the pituitary gland, craniopharyngioma, suprasellar meningioma, glioma of third ventricle, chiasmal arachnoiditis, third ventricular dilatation.Sites of lesion of v...
Phenol red thread test is used for dry eye. This test-
Requires topical anaesthetic agent
Volume of tears isn't measured as it changes color on contact with tears
If the color changes to blue, it depicts surface mucin deficiency
Requiras pH meter for reading result
b
*Phenol red dye test measures the production of tears without topical anesthesia, as the dye changes its color to red on contact with tears. It doesn't require pH meter for reading the result. Ref: Ophthalmology Yanoff and Duker 4th/e p.277
Most common tumor to extend from intracranial to orbit is –
Astrocytoma
Pituitary adenoma
Craniopharyngioma
Sphenoidal wing meningioma
d
"Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor to extend to the orbit".......... Ophthalmic oncology Meningiomas commonly arise from the dura of sphenoid wing, i.e. sphenoid wing meningioma.
Stem cells are present where in cornea -
Limbus
Stroma
Epithelium
Descmet's membrane
a
Answer- A. LimbusLimbal stem cells (also called corneal epithelial stem cells) are stem cells located in the basal epithelial layer of the corneal limbus.Proliferation of limbal stem cells maintains the cornea; for example, replacing cells that are lost tears.Limbal stem cells also prevent the conjunctivalepithelial ce...
Subconjunctival cyst is seen in?
Toxoplasmosis
Cysticercosis
Leishmaniasis
Chaga's disease
b
Ans. is b i.e., Cysticercosis Parasitic cysts occurs in subconjunctival cysticercus, hydatid cyst and filarial cyst.
Sixth cranial nerve palsy causes of left eye causes?
Accomodation paresis in left gaze
Ptosis of left eye
Adduction weakness of left eye
Diplopia in left gaze
d
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Diplopia in left gaze o Sixth nerve supplies lateral rectus, therefore its palsy results in abduction weakness (not adduction weakness)o In left gaze, there is abduction of left eye and adduction of right eye. If there is paralysis of lateral rectus of left eye (6th nerve paralysis), abduction of left...
Patient with fixed dilated pupil, with iris atrophy and secondary glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty is suggestive of:
Benedict's syndrome
Posner-Shlossman syndrome
Kaufmann's syndrome
Urrets Zavalia syndrome
d
Ans. d. Urrets Zavalia syndrome (Ref: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">icles/PMC1770988)A fixed dilated pupil following penetrating keratoplasty is a well recognized if rare postoperative complication.The mydriasis following penetrating keratoplasty was first described b...
Characteristic visual field defect in optic chiasma lesion -
Homonymous hemianopia
Bitemporal hemianopia
Upper quadrantanopia
Lower quadrantanopia
b
Ans, is 'b' i.e,. Bitemporal hemianopia Site of lesionVisual field defectOptic nerveBlindnessOptic cbiasmaBitemporal hemianopiaOptic tractIncongruent homonymous hemianopiaLateral geniculate bodyHomonymous hemianopiaOptic radiation (Total)Homonymous hemianopia, sometimes with macular sparingOptic radiation lower fibres ...
Uveitis is associated most commonly with :
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic JRA
Pauciarticular JRA
Poly articular JRA
c
Ans. is 'c' ie Pauciarticular JRA Uveitis can be seen in both pauciarticular and polyarticular JRA but is much more commonly associated with pauciarticular JRA.It is seen in about 20-25% of cases of pauciarticular and only 5% of polyarticular JRA.
Keratic precipitates are most commonly seen in -
Corneal ulcers
Uveitis
Nuclear cataracts
Keratoconus
b
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Uveitis o Keratic precipitates (KPs) are proteinaceous cellular deposits occurring at the back of cornea (corneal endothelial deposits). Keratic precipitates are formed by the aggregation of polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, and epitheloid cells. In the setting of uveitis, the bimicrosopic appeara...
Regarding spring catarrh, all of the following are true, except:
Cobblestone appearance of conjunctiva
Common in spring months
Limbus conjunctival thickening
Sodium cromoglycate is a form of therapy
c
Limbus conjunctival thickening
All of the following causes coloured halos except
Corneal edema
Retinal degeneration
Foreign body
Steroids
b
Halos can sometimes be a normal response to bright lights. Halos can also be caused by wearing eyeglasses or corrective lenses (contact lenses), or they can be a side effect of cataract or LASIK surgery. ... Thehalos are a result in diffraction of light entering your eye
Ocular manifestation in giant cell arteritis?
Arteritic AION
Nonarteritic AION
Papilledema
Horners Syndrome
a
Ans. a. Arteritic AIONAION occurs due to interference of blood supply to anterior part of optic nerve (posterior ciliary artery)AION can be clinically differentiated into:Arteritic AIONNonarteritic AION*. Due to giant cell arteritis*. Due to occlusion of short posterior ciliary artery*. Sudden, severe visual loss (6/60...
Most Common Tumour of Eyelid is:
Sebaceeous Ca
BCC
SCC
Malignant melanoma
b
BCC
What is the treatment of threshold ROP?
laser photocoagulation
slow reduction in oxygen
retinal reattachment
antioxidants
a
Ans is 'a' i.e. Laser Photocoagulation Threshold disease in ROP is defined as stage 3+ ROP in Zones 1 or 2 occupying at least five contiguous clock-hours or eight noncontiguous clock-hours of retina.Treatment of threshold disease is Laser Photocoagulation.'Laser therapy has largely replaced cryotherapy because visual a...
Diplopia is usually seen in ?
Paralytic squint
Non-paralytic squint
Both of the above
None of the above
a
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Paralytic squint
Orange-skin cornea results due to:
Chalcosis
Siderosis
Ammonia burn
Mustard gas
d
Ans. Mustard gas
What is irregular astigmatism-
Perpendicular principal meridians
Non perpendicular principal meridians
Any of the above
None of the above
b
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Non perpendicular principal meridians ASTIGMATISMo Astigmatism is a type of refractive error wherein the refraction varies in the different meridia. Consequently, the rays of light entering in the eye cannot converge to a point focus but form focal lines. The refractive error of the astigmatic eye ste...
Pterygium all are true except:
Arise from any pa of conjunctiva
Can cause astigmatism
Surgery is treatment of choice
UV exposure is risk factor
a
Ans. Arise from any pa of conjunctiva
Which of the gene is most often implicated in congenital cataract and alpha crystallin mutation?
GLC3A
PAX6
PITX2
CRYAA
d
CRYAA is implicated in congenital cataract and alpha crystallin mutation.
Most common cause of unilateral proptosis is
Thyrotoxicosis
Retinoblastoma
Intraocular haemorrhage
Raised intracranial tension
a
A i.e. Thyrotoxicosis Grave's ophthalmopathy is most common cause of U/L or B/L proptosis in adults Q between age of 25-50 yrsQ
Normal axial length of the eye -
18mm
20 mm
24mm
28 mm
c
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 24 mm o The length of the eyeball is approximately 24 mm, So the distances from the cornea / crystalline lens to the retina and the focal length of optical rays focused by the comea/crystalline lens propagating in the vitreous humor and imaging on the retina, are also about 24 mm.Dimensiosn of an adul...
Baby born prematurely at 29 wks, on examination at 42 weeks with ROP, both eyes shows stage 2 zone 1 `plus' disease, how will you manage the patient ?
Examine the patient after 1 week
Laser photocoagulation of both eyes
Laser photocoagulation of worse eye, follow up of other eye
Vitreoretinal surgery
b
The hallmark of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is abnormal retinal vasculature. Ophthalmologists diagnose and make decisions about the initial treatment of ROP based on the appearance of the retinal blood vessels. Dilatation and tortuosity of the retinal vessels at the posterior pole is termed plus' disease. It is a ...
Earliest clinical feature of Senile cataract
Glare
Frequent change of glasses
Coloured halos
Uniocular polyopia
a
Earliest clinical feature of Senile cataract is Glare Most common symptom at presentation is Frequent change of glasses
Features of vernal keratoconjunctivitis are – a) Papillary hypertrophyb) Follicular hypertrophyc) Herbert's pitsd) Tantra\'s Spote) Ciliary congestion
b
c
ac
ad
d
Papillary hypertrophy into polygonal papilla is arranged in cobblestone or pavement stone fashion.
Retinoscopy is done for:
Examination of Retina
Assessing surface of cornea
Refractive errors
Examination of vitreous
c
Retinoscopy is an objective method of finding out the error of refraction by the method of neutralization.The end point of neutralization is either no movement or just reversal of the movement of the pupillaryshadow. Depending upon the movement of the red reflexvis-a-vis movement of the plane mirror, Following infrence...
SAFE strategy use in
Inclusion conjunctivitis
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Trachoma
Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis
c
SAFE strategy - for prophylaxis against trachoma and prevention of blindness S - Surgery for trichiasis - Teiary prevention A - Antibiotic - AZITHROMYCIN (D/O/C) - secondary prevention F - Facial hygiene - primary prevention E - Environmental changes - primordial prevention
True regarding amaurosis fugax are all except:
Transient, recurrent episodes of visual loss
Binocular lesion
Embolus from carotid aery is commonest cause
Ocular examination may be normal
b
Amaurosis fugax Sudden, temporary and painless monocular visual loss occurring due to a transient failure of retinal circulation. Uniocular lesion Lasts for 2-5 minutes and resolves in the reverse pattern of progression, leaving no residual deficit. Fundus : May be normal or shows retinal ischemia-Retinal oedema and sm...
Best way to prevent infection after cataract surgery is
Antibiotics
Eye brow shaving
Through irrigation
None of the above
a
Topical antibiotics such as tobramycin or gentamicin or ciprofloxacin QID for 3 days just before surgery is advisable as prophylaxis against endophthalmitis.Ref: Khurana; 4th edition; Pg- 184
Interstitial keratitis is commonly seen in: March 2005
Fungal keratitis
Congenital syphilis
Phlyctenular keratitis
Trachoma
b
Ans. B: Congenital syphilis It develop from host immune mechanisms to active infections or antigens within the stromal keratocytes. Diseases known to cause interstitial keratitis include: congenital syphilis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, Epstein-Barr, tuberculosis and leprosy. Clinical manifestations: superficial str...
The most commonly seen primary orbital tumour in children is
Optic nerve sheath meningioma
Retinoblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Glioma of optic nerve
c
Rhabdomyosarcoma It is a highly malignant tumour of the orbit arising from the extraocular muscles. It is the most common primary orbital tumour among children, usually occurring below the age of 15 years (90%). Clinical features: It classically presents as rapidly progressive proptosis of sudden onset in a child of 7-...
Length of naso lacrimal duct is:
10 mm
11 mm
12 mm
9 mm
c
Ans. 12 mm
A 65yr old male with his of Diabetes and HTN presents Ito OPD with complaints of diplopia and squint on examination secondary detion is seen to be more than primary detion Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis
Paralytic squint
Incomitant squint
Restrictive squint
Pseudo squint
a
ref : ak khurana 7th ed
All are common causes of childhood blindness except
Malnutrition
Glaucoma
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Congenital dacryocystitis
d
Congenital dacryocystitis [Ref: Khurana 4/e,p 369, 447; Parson's 20/e, p 530-531 Repeat from May07 Causes of impaired vision in childhood Anatomical classification Whole globe: microphthalmos, anophthalmos, phthisis bulbi, atrophic bulbi Cornea: scar, anterior staphyloma, dystrophy Lens: cataract, dislocation, aphakia ...
Type of laser used for capsulotomy is:
CO2
Ruby
Nd:YAG
Argon
c
Ans. Nd:YAG
A young patient presented with sudden painless loss of vision with systolic murmur over chest, ocular examination reveals - cherry red spot in macula with clear AC, with perception of light, diagnosis:
Central retinal aery occlusion
Central retinal vein occlusion
Macular choroiditis with infective endocarditis
Central serous retinopathy
a
A i.e. Central retinal aery occlusion All the above can lead to sudden painless loss of vision, but Cherry-Red Spot is seen only in CRAO Sudden Painful Painless * Acute * Macular edema congestive * CRAO Q (central retinal aery (angle occlusion) closure) * CRVO Q (central retinal vein occlusion) glaucoma Q * Central ser...
Best IOL is –
Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Iris supported
Angle supported
b
The best position of IOL is within the capsular bag in posterior chamber.
Treatment of choice for Aniseikonia
Ohoptic exercise
Spectacles
Surgery
Contact lens
d
Treatment 1. Optical aniseikonia may be corrected by aniseikonic glasses, contact lenses or intraocular lenses depending upon the situation. 2. For retinal aniseikonia treat the cause. 3. Coical aniseikonia is very difficult to treat. Image : Aniseikonia Reference : A K KHURANA OPHTALMOLOGY,Edition 4,Page-39
The mode of action of Lanatoprost in glaucoma:
Increasing trabecular outflow
Releasing pupillary block
Decreasing aqueous humour formation
Increasing uveoscleral outflow
d
Lantanoprost is prastoglandin in nature and decrease the intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour. It is very good adjunctive therapy along with betablockers, dorzolamide and pilocarpine. Ref: A.K KHURANA (2005), Chapter 9, "Glaucoma", In the book, "Opthalmology", 3rd Edition, Newdelhi, ...
Temporal pallor in optic disc seen in all except
Optic neuritis
Compression of optic nerve
Leber's hereditary optic neuritis
Glaucoma
d
Optic atrophy, pallor of the optic nerve head, is a sign found in patients with visual loss due to pathology of the optic nerve or retinal ganglion cells. ... It refers topallor of the optic disc which results from irreversible damage to the retinal ganglion cells and axons. It is commonly seen in Optic neuritis Compre...
Drugs causing macular toxicity when given intravitreally-
Gentamycin
Vancomycin
Dexamethasone
Ceftazidime
a
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gentamycino Intravitreal aminoglycosides (gentamycin, amikacin) are a reported cause of macular toxicity.o Aminoglycosides induced macular toxicity is thought to be partially due to the gravity-induced settling of drugs on the macula in supine position.o This may result in a higher concentration of dr...
Optical media are clear in:
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Orbital cellulitis
Both of the above
None of the above
c
Ans. Both of the above
A case of injury to right brow due to a fall from scooter present with sudden loss of vision in the right eye.The pupil shows absent direct reflex but a normal consensual pupillary reflex is present. The fundus is normal. The treatment of choice is-
Intensive intravenous corticosteroids as prescribed for spinal injuries to be instituted within six hours
Pulse methyl Prednisolone 250 mg four times daily for three days
Oral Prednisolone 1.5 mg/kg body weight
Emergency optic canal decompression
a
Sudden loss of vision, absent Ipsilateral direct light reflex and normal ipsilateral consensual light reflex suggest the diagnosis of optic nerve injury. Within 8 hours of injury megadose of iv steroid (methylprednisolone) should be given. If there is no response or deterioration, optic canal decompression should be do...
Not a common cause of night blindness:
Cataract
RP
Oguchi disease
Pathological myopia
a
Cataract is not a common cause of night blindness. Other causes are more recognized causes. Causes of Night Blindness Vitamin A deficiency (first symptom is red-green differentiation anomaly) Pathological myopia Tapetoretinal degenerations{eg. Retinitis pigmentosa(RP)} Familial congenital night blindness Oguchi's disea...
Marcus Gunn pupil is due to -
Total afferent pupillary defect
Relative afferent pupillary defect
Efferent pathway defect
Cerebral lesion
b
The Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD), or Marcus-Gunn Pupil is an extremely significant and highly objective clinical finding in the examination of the visual system. The "swinging flashlight test" is probably the best test for identifying an RAPD. In this test, a strong, steady light is used. The light is shin...
Patient came with hydrops and scarring of cornea. What would be the treatment modality you would opt for him:
Penetrating Keratoplasty
Endothelial lamellar Keratoplasty
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty
Collagen cross linking
a
Penetrating keratoplasty has to be done in cases of deep corneal scar or hydrops. SURGICAL MODALITIES FOR KERATOCONUS Keratoplasty for Keratoconus DALK (deep anterior Lamellar keratoplasty): when > 1/2 of stroma is involved. ALTK (Anterior lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty) : When less than 1/2 of stroma is involved. P...
Neovascularisation is seen in
Central vein obstruction
Central retinal aery obstruction
Branch retinal vein obstruction
All of the above.
a
A i.e. Central vein obstruction
Dislocation of lens is seen in:
Trachoma
Diabetes mellitus
Homocystinuria
Turner's syndrome
c
C i.e. Homocystinuria
True about keratoconus are all of the following except: September 2005
Can be seen in Down's syndrome
It manifests just after bih
Munson sign is characteristic
Corneal transplantation is needed in severe cases
b
Ans. B: It manifests just after bih Keratoconus is frequently due to a congenital weakness of the cornea, though it manifests itself after pubey. However it can occur secondarily following trauma or Down's syndrome. Keratoconus is divided into mild, moderate, and advanced. Mild keratoconus - External and corneal signs ...
All are the causes of neovascular glaucoma except:
Intraocular tumour
Central retinal vein occlusion
Diabetic retinopathy
Central serous retinopathy
d
Ans. Central serous retinopathy
The commonest cranial nerve palsy in tabes dorasalis is:
III nerve
IV nerve
VI nerve
Total ophthalmoplegia
a
Ans. III nerve
Sunflower cataract is caused by
Siderosis
Chalcosis
Lead intoxication
Silicosis
b
Chalcosis is copper alloy in the eye Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 194
A patient presents to the emergency department with uniocular diplopia. Examination with oblique illumination shows golden crescent while examination with coaxial illumination show a dark crescent line. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis –
Lenticonus
Coloboma
Microspherophakia
Ectopia lentis
d
Presence of uniocular diplopia together with the finding of the golden crescent on oblique illumination (edge of subluxated lens) or black crecent line on coaxial illumination (edge of subluxated lens) suggests a diagnosis of `subluxation' of the crystalline lens. Ectopic lens refers to the displacement of shows lens f...
Rosette cataract' is caused by:
Diabetes
After cataract
Trauma
Gaucher's disease
c
Ans. c (Trauma) (Ref: Parson's Disease of Eye 19th/pg. 283; Basak Ophthalmology 2nd/pg. 82, 305).CATARACTContusion cataractContusion of the eyeball will produce a rosette-shaped subcapsular opacity on the anterior surface of the lens. It will normally remain unchanged but will migrate into the deeper cortex over time d...
Which of the following is an ocular emergency ?
CRAO
Optic neuritis
Acute congestive glaucoma
All of the above
d
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Ocular emergencies include those conditions that result in acute, severe pain in association with sudden vision loss, or that may lead to vision loss if left untreated; and traumatic conditions that affect globe or adnexa. Comon ophthalmic emergencies are :- Acute congestive glaucoma ...
Which of the following disease shows autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance?
Best's disease
Bassen-Kornzwig disease
Gyrate atrophy
Laurence-Moon-Biedle syndrome
a
Best's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable penetrance and expressivity. Bassen-Kornzwig disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. Gyrate atrophy is an autosomal recessive dystrophy with peripheral choroidal degeneration. Laurence-Moon-Biedle syndrome is also inh...
The early changes in coicosteroid-induced cataract are in the form of:
Central posterior subcapsular lens changes
Anterior coical lens changes
Nuclear changes
Diffuse lens changes
a
Ans. Central posterior subcapsular lens changes
A person with defective blue color appreciation is called ?
Deuteranomalous
Deuteranopia
Tritanopia
Tritanomalous
d
Ans. is `d' i.e., Tritanomalous
Which of the following is not an ophthalmic emergency:
Macular hole
Retinal Detachment
CRAO
Acute primary angle closure glaucoma
a
Ans. Macular hole
Blindness in child is most commonly due to
Keratomalacia
Congenital cataract
Glaucoma
Injuries
a
Most common cause of childhood blindness is vitamin A deficiency Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 382
Homonymous hemianopia may be seen in lesion of all of the following, EXCEPT:
Optic chiasma
Optic tract
Optic radiation
Occipital lobe
a
Lesion of the optic chiasma result in bitemporal hemianopia not homonymous hemianopia. Lesions of the visual pathway and corresponding field defects: Lesion of optic nerve: Ipsilateral blindness Lesion through proximal pa of optic nerve: Ipsilateral blindness with contralateral quadrantanopia. Lesion of optic tract: Ho...
Commonest cause of loss of vision in non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy is –
Vitreous heamorrhage
Macular edema
Detachment of retina
Subretinal haemorrhage
b
Macular edema is the most common cause of loss of vision in NPDR.
Most common tumor to extend from intracranial to orbit is-
Astrocytoma
Pituitary adenoma
Craniopharyngioma
Sphenoidal wing meningioma
d
*Meningiomas commonly arise from the dura of sphenoid wing, i.e.sphenoid wing meningioma. Ref:Opthalmic oncology p.84.
Inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by:
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia psittaci
Herpes
Gonorrhoea
a
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes D- K).Chlamydial inclusion conjunctivitis is generally spread by sexual transmission from the genital reservoir of infection. The primary source of infection is a benign subclinical venereal disease producing a...
Treatment for dendritic ulcer includes all except: March 2009
Penetrating keratoplasty
Acyclovir
Steroids
Debridement of the edges of the ulcer
c
Ans. C: Steroids Debridement of the edges of the ulcer with a moistened, fine cotton tipped applicators helps in reducing the load of active virus-infected cells. The standard treatment is idoxuridine drops/ trifluridine drops/ acyclovir 3% eye ointment/ 3% vidarabine ointment produces a resolution of herpes in 95% of ...
Which of the following condition is associated with limitation of both adduction and abduction of the affected eye?
Duane retraction syndrome Type 1
Duane retraction syndrome Type 2
Duane retraction syndrome Type 3
Double elevator palsy
c
Weakness of both adduction and abduction of the eye is a feature of Duane retraction syndrome type 3. Duane retraction syndrome is a congenital, incomitant ocular motility disorder characterized by abnormal function of lateral rectus muscle in the affected eye together with retraction of the globe and narrowing of the ...
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