Datasets:

Ashima
/

task738_augmented_knowledge-intensive_reasoning_Mar16-1538

original_problem stringlengths 164 952	original_solution stringclasses 6 values	augmented_problem stringlengths 310 1.38k	augmented_solution stringclasses 6 values	distractor_metadata dict
Problem: Statement: Claim: Children should not be allowed to inherit vast wealth as this damages them and society. Perspective: Inherited wealth demotivates the recipients so that they put less effort into training, education and social skills. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? If the persp...	A	Problem: Statement: Claim: Children should not be allowed to inherit vast wealth as this damages them and society. Perspective: Inherited wealth demotivates the recipients so that they put less effort into training, education and social skills. This perspective is often framed in behavioral-economics and sociological t...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Injected domain-specific terminology from behavioral economics and sociology (e.g., moral hazard, hedonic adaptation, incentive compatibility, cultural capital, meritocratic signaling) to require specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-intens...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Domestic intelligence agencies have a legitimate role to play in democracy. Perspective: The government does not have the right to spy on its citizens. Rule: If the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view, it is supporting; otherwise it is undermining. Question: Does...	undermine	Problem: Statement: Claim: Domestic intelligence agencies have a legitimate role to play in democracy. Perspective: The government does not have the right to spy on its citizens (invoking Fourth Amendment protections, concerns about FISA court secrecy, and objections to warrantless metadata collection as examples of le...	undermine	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added legal and intelligence oversight terminology (Fourth Amendment, FISA court secrecy, warrantless metadata collection) to require domain knowledge to parse implications.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], "estimated_difficulty_expl...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Should Turkey Be Accepted In The EU. Perspective: As a matter of precedent, Turkey should be allowed into the EU. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one option. (A) Support (B) Undermine Solution: A	A	Problem: Statement: Claim: Should Turkey Be Accepted In The EU. Perspective: As a matter of precedent, drawing on accession jurisprudence such as the Copenhagen criteria and the acquis communautaire, and citing past enlargement precedents like Greece and Spain as examples of post-authoritarian accession, Turkey should ...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Injected domain-specific EU accession terminology and historical precedents (e.g., Copenhagen criteria, acquis communautaire, Greece/Spain enlargements) that require specialized political/institutional knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive re...
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Arming the police is a good idea. Perspective: arming police will not help violence. Respond with either the single word support or undermine. Solution: undermine	undermine	Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Arming the police is a good idea. Perspective: Drawing on criminological literature about police militarization, the 1033 equipment transfer program, and debates over the force-continuum doctrine and deterrence effects, arming police ...	undermine	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific terminology and references (e.g., police militarization, 1033 program, force-continuum doctrine, deterrence effects) that require specialized knowledge to interpret but do not change the perspective's conclusion.", "name": "Knowledge...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: There are economic advantages for states to approve gay marriages. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer must be either support or undermine.	support	Problem: Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: There are economic advantages for states to approve gay marriages — for example, analyses of fiscal externalities across Member States, the impact on cross-border family reunifica...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific EU-law and economic modelling terminology (e.g., fiscal externalities, free movement, CGE/DSGE models, subsidiarity, mutual recognition) to increase need for specialized knowledge while not changing the logical relation.", "name": "K...
Statement: Task: Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: Legalizing gay marriage is a stepping stone toward disgusting and harmful marriage practices such as incestuous, best...	B	Statement: Task: Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: Legalizing gay marriage is a stepping stone toward disgusting and harmful marriage practices such as incestuous, best...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Injected domain-specific legal terminology and references (e.g., 'slippery slope', 'margin of appreciation', 'proportionality testing', 'precedential drift') to require specialized background knowledge in constitutional and EU rights law to parse the rhetorical...
Problem: Statement: Claim: The use of child performers should be banned. Perspective: Being a performer can make the child physically vulnerable. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Respond with a single word: support or undermine Solution: support	support	Problem: Statement: Claim: The use of child performers should be banned. Perspective: Being a performer can make the child physically vulnerable — for example, pediatric occupational-health research cites developmental biomechanics, increased susceptibility to repetitive strain injuries, disrupted circadian rhythms aff...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific terminology from pediatric occupational health (developmental biomechanics, repetitive strain injuries, circadian/endocrine disruption, child-labor safety standards) to require specialized background knowledge.", "name": "Knowledg...
Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Claim: UK should have a second Brexit referendum before leaving the EU. Perspective: The referendum is inconsistent with the UK's tradition of representative democracy EU membersh. Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) supports (B) under...	B	Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Claim: UK should have a second Brexit referendum before leaving the EU. Perspective: The referendum is inconsistent with the UK's tradition of representative democracy (invoking the Westminster model, parliamentary sovereignty, and the doctrine of representative legit...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific constitutional terminology (Westminster model, parliamentary sovereignty, doctrine of representative legitimacy) that requires specialized knowledge to interpret.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], "estimated_d...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Everyone Should Automatically Be Opted into an Organ Donation Scheme. Perspective: Some just don’t bother to register as a donor, even if they support the cause. Question: Based only on the claim and the perspective above, does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Answer with a sin...	support	Problem: Statement: Claim: Everyone Should Automatically Be Opted into an Organ Donation Scheme (invoking presumed-consent / opt-out policy terminology commonly discussed in transplant policy literature and behavioral economics). Perspective: Some just don’t bother to register as a donor, even if they support the cause...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific terminology from public policy and behavioral economics (e.g., presumed consent, opt-out policy, status-quo bias, default-effect, organ procurement organization studies) that requires specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowle...
Problem: Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Marriage is an outdated institution. Perspective: Those who are observant religiously think that marriage is important. Choose the best option: (A) Supports (B) Undermines (C) Both supports and undermines (D) Neither supports...	B	Problem: Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Marriage is an outdated institution. Perspective: Those who are observant religiously (for example, adherents who follow halakha in Judaism or canonical matrimonial doctrine in Catholic canon law — which treat marriage as a m...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific religious and legal terminology (e.g., halakha, canonical matrimonial doctrine, mitzvah, sacrament, theological exegesis, matrimonial jurisprudence) to increase the need for specialized knowledge to parse the perspective.", "name"...
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Basic income tax should be abolished. Perspective: Income tax is not the best way to redistribute wealth or pay for public goods. Choose one of two answers exactly support or undermine	support	Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Basic income tax should be abolished. Perspective: From the standpoint of optimal tax theory and fiscal incidence, income tax—with progressive marginal rates that induce substitution effects, administrative compliance costs, and measu...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific economic terminology (optimal tax theory, fiscal incidence, marginal rates, substitution effects, deadweight loss, Pigouvian levies) that requires specialized knowledge to parse, though it does not change the underlying evaluative stanc...
Statement: Given the claim: Junk Food Should Be Banned. And the perspective: The sale of "junk food" items provide vital financial assistance to schools. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with either support or undermine.	undermine	Statement: Given the claim: Junk Food Should Be Banned. And the perspective: The sale of "junk food" items provide vital financial assistance to schools (e.g., through competitive foods revenue, vending commissions, à la carte sales and other auxiliary revenue streams often managed by Food Service Management Companies ...	undermine	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific school nutrition and school finance terminology (competitive foods revenue, vending commissions, Food Service Management Companies, USDA School Nutrition Program, Smart Snacks) that requires specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": ...
Statement: Claim: All nations have a right to nuclear weapons. Perspective: No country has an inherent right to invade or use aggression against another. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.	support	Statement: Claim: All nations have a right to nuclear weapons. Perspective: No country has an inherent right to invade or use aggression against another — a position often expressed in international-law terms (e.g., jus ad bellum) and discussed in strategic literature on deterrence and second-strike capability. Determi...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific international-law and strategic-security terminology (e.g., jus ad bellum, deterrence, second-strike capability) to require specialized knowledge to interpret, without changing the core meaning.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoni...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Global Warming is not an issue. Perspective: Because people are losing lives and our climate is changing. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer must be either support or undermine.	undermine	Problem: Statement: Claim: Global Warming is not an issue. Perspective: Because people are losing lives and our climate is changing, with attribution studies and radiative forcing analyses indicating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have increased the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and related ...	undermine	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific climate science terminology (e.g., attribution studies, radiative forcing, anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions) that requires specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], "estimated_diffic...
Statement: Claim: We must ban negative advertising in political campaigns. Perspective: Negative campaigns reduce diversity. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with exactly one of the words: support or undermine	support	Statement: Claim: We must ban negative advertising in political campaigns. Perspective: Negative campaigns reduce diversity. (Political communication research — e.g., agenda-setting, priming, and the spiral-of-silence — and candidate-entry models in political economy argue that negative messaging creates a chilling eff...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific terminology and references to political communication theories and political-economy models that describe mechanisms (agenda-setting, priming, spiral-of-silence, candidate-entry) which could plausibly explain why negative campaigns redu...
Statement: Given the claim: "Voting should be compulsory in the UK." and the perspective: "People forced to vote are unlikely to vote intelligently." Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Options: (A) supports (B) undermines	B	Statement: Given the claim: "Voting should be compulsory in the UK." and the perspective: "People forced to vote are unlikely to vote intelligently." Political scientists sometimes discuss this in terms from the literature—e.g., rational choice theory, expressive voting, ballot roll-off, and information externalities—t...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific political science terminology and concepts (rational choice theory, expressive voting, ballot roll-off, information externalities) that require specialized knowledge to interpret.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ...
Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Claim: We should expand NATO. Perspective: NATO development was important for international stability. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Respond with exactly one of: support or undermine	support	Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Claim: We should expand NATO. Perspective: NATO development was important for international stability, noting contributions such as the Article 5 collective defense framework, extended deterrence during post–Cold War enlargement, enhanced burden-sharing and interopera...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Injected domain-specific NATO/security policy terminology (e.g., Article 5, extended deterrence, burden-sharing, force posture, Partnership for Peace) that requires specialized knowledge to interpret.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], ...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Forced marriage should be banned. Perspective: The state should not be allowed to intrude in such personal matters. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with either support or undermine.	undermine	Problem: Statement: Claim: Forced marriage should be banned. Perspective: The state should not be allowed to intrude in such personal matters. They invoke Mill's harm principle and draw on jurisprudential concepts from constitutional and family law — for example subsidiarity, the parens patriae doctrine, and the public...	undermine	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific legal and philosophical terminology (Mill's harm principle, subsidiarity, parens patriae, public/private distinction) that requires legal/jurisprudential background to fully parse.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ],...
Problem: Statement: Claim: The American Jobs Act should pass. Perspective: The American Jobs Act Will Help the Long Term Unemployed. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one option: (A) supports (B) undermines (C) both supports and undermines (D) neither supports nor undermines (E) insu...	A	Problem: Statement: Claim: The American Jobs Act should pass. Perspective: The American Jobs Act Will Help the Long Term Unemployed (arguing it would reduce structural and cyclical unemployment via mechanisms such as a positive fiscal multiplier, targeted on-the-job training vouchers, reductions in labor-market hystere...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Injects domain-specific economic terminology and mechanisms (e.g., fiscal multiplier, on-the-job training vouchers, hysteresis, Beveridge curve) that require specialized knowledge to interpret.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], "estim...
Statement: Claim: Golf is a Sport. Perspective: If you can compete in golf with a handicap, then it is not a sport. Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) supports the claim (B) undermines the claim	B	Statement: Claim: Golf is a Sport. Perspective: If you can compete in golf with a handicap (for example, using a USGA Handicap Index with slope-adjusted net scoring or Stableford-style point conversions to equalize play), then it is not a sport. Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) suppo...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific golf handicap terminology and scoring systems (USGA Handicap Index, slope-adjusted net scoring, Stableford) that require specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], "estimated_difficulty_exp...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Everyone should go vegetarian. Perspective: Studies show that vegetarians are up to 40% less likely to develop cancer than meat eaters. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Solution: support	support	Problem: Statement: Claim: Everyone should go vegetarian. Perspective: Studies show that vegetarians are up to 40% less likely to develop cancer than meat eaters, based on pooled prospective cohort meta-analyses reporting adjusted hazard ratios (HR ≈ 0.60) and relative risk reductions while controlling for common confo...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted epidemiological and statistical terminology (e.g., 'prospective cohort', 'meta-analyses', 'adjusted hazard ratios', 'relative risk reductions', 'confounders') to require domain knowledge to parse, without changing the factual content.", "name": "...
Statement: Claim: Speed limits should be reduced. Perspective: Government have illegitimate reasons behind lowering the speed limit. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) Supports (B) Undermines Solution: B	B	Statement: Claim: Speed limits should be reduced. Perspective: Government have illegitimate reasons behind lowering the speed limit, a view framed using domain-specific concepts such as regulatory capture, principal–agent failures, and alleged policy-driven externalities (e.g., induced congestion per the traffic-flow f...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Injected technical terminology from public-policy and traffic-engineering domains (regulatory capture, principal–agent failures, traffic-flow fundamental diagram, risk-compensation theory) to require specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-in...
Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: Legalizing gay marriage will not harm the institution of marriage, and same-sex marriages may even be more stable than heterosexual marriages. Question: Does the perspective support or und...	support	Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: Legalizing gay marriage will not harm the institution of marriage, and same-sex marriages may even be more stable than heterosexual marriages. Proponents often point to comparative longitu...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific legal terminology (Article 21 TFEU, CJEU jurisprudence, margin of appreciation, subsidiarity) and a reference to longitudinal cohort studies, which requires specialized legal and empirical knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-int...
Statement: Claim: Positive Discrimination Towards Women in Society Is Justified. Perspective: It does not address the underlying issues. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one option. (A) Supports (B) Undermines	B	Statement: Claim: Positive Discrimination Towards Women in Society Is Justified. Perspective: It does not address the underlying issues. The critique emphasizes that compensatory policies (such as gender quotas or affirmative action) often fail to engage with structural determinants — for example, patriarchal socializa...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Injects domain-specific terminology (e.g., 'occupational segregation', 'human-capital accumulation', 'Global Gender Gap Index', 'Rawlsian') and policy evaluation context to require specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" ...
Problem: Statement: Claim: All drugs should be decriminalised. Perspective: Why is it legitimate for the government to ban drugs Task: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. 'Supporting' means the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view; 'Undermining' means it coul...	support	Problem: Statement: Claim: All drugs should be decriminalised. Perspective: Why is it legitimate for the government to ban drugs — framed with reference to jurisprudential and public-health concepts such as the harm principle versus legal paternalism, the proportionality test in constitutional review, scheduling and tr...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific legal and public-health terminology (e.g., harm principle, proportionality test, UN Single Convention, DALYs, pharmacovigilance) to require specialized knowledge to parse the perspective.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" ...
Problem: Statement: Given the claim and the perspective below, decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Teachers Should Have The Right To Punish Pupils Physically If The Parents Consent. Perspective: Allowing children to be hit sends the message that it is OK to treat children in this way...	B	Problem: Statement: Given the claim and the perspective below, decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Teachers Should Have The Right To Punish Pupils Physically If The Parents Consent. Perspective: Allowing children to be hit sends the message that it is OK to treat children in this way...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific terminology and references to psychological theories and research (social learning theory, ACEs, developmental psychology) that require specialized knowledge to interpret, but do not alter the logical relation between the perspective an...
Problem: Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: The world should go vegan. Perspective: The risk of heart disease is reduced in people who adhere to a vegetarian diet. Choose one: (A) Supports the claim (B) Undermines the claim Solution: A	A	Problem: Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: The world should go vegan. Perspective: The risk of heart disease is reduced in people who adhere to a vegetarian diet, as shown in several prospective cohort studies and meta-analyses reporting lower relative risk and favora...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific epidemiological and lipidology terminology (prospective cohort studies, meta-analyses, relative risk, LDL-cholesterol, adjustment for confounders, isocaloric comparators) to increase the need for specialized knowledge to parse the perspect...
Statement: Claim: The US should immediately close Guantanamo Bay. Perspective: Release is not the Solution. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.	undermine	Statement: Claim: The US should immediately close Guantanamo Bay. Perspective: Release is not the Solution (arguing that Department of Defense recidivism metrics, habeas corpus precedent, constraints under the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF), the jurisdictional role of military commissions, and diplomati...	undermine	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific legal and military terminology (e.g., DoD recidivism metrics, habeas corpus, AUMF, military commissions, repatriation/diplomatic assurances) that requires specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" ...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Prostitution Should Be Legal. Perspective: Legalization has benefits for society. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim?	support	Problem: Statement: Claim: Prostitution Should Be Legal. Perspective: Legalization has benefits for society — argued from a public-health harm-reduction and regulatory-compliance standpoint, invoking epidemiological findings on reduced STI incidence in regulated markets, improved labor-law protections, occupational saf...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific public-health, epidemiological, labor-law, and tax-policy terminology to increase the need for specialized knowledge to parse the supportive argument.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], "estimated_difficulty_expla...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Eliminate All Nuclear Weapons. Perspective: countries have the right to self defense with nuclear weapons, even when they lack capacity in conventional weapons Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim?	undermine	Problem: Statement: Claim: Eliminate All Nuclear Weapons. Perspective: countries have the right to self defense with nuclear weapons, even when they lack capacity in conventional weapons. This position is often justified using nuclear deterrence theory and related strategic doctrines — for example, appeals to a "minimu...	undermine	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Injected domain-specific nuclear strategy terminology and doctrines (e.g., minimum credible deterrent, second-strike capability, nuclear triad, MAD) that require specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], "estim...
Statement: Claim: 16 year olds should be able to vote at presidental elections. Perspective: 16 year olds are informed enough to cast a vote. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose the best option.	A	Statement: Claim: 16 year olds should be able to vote at presidental elections. Perspective: 16 year olds are informed enough to cast a vote (this perspective cites concepts from civic competence research and comparative enfranchisement studies — referring to measures of "electoral capacity", political socialization in...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific terminology and references to academic frameworks (e.g., 'electoral capacity', civic competence metrics, prefrontal cortex maturation, comparative enfranchisement studies) to require specialized background knowledge to interpret.", ...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Wind power should be a primary focus of future energy supply. Perspective: Animal habitats are threatened by the turbines used in wind power. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Solution: undermine	undermine	Problem: Statement: Claim: Wind power should be a primary focus of future energy supply. Perspective: Animal habitats are threatened by the turbines used in wind power. (Ecological impact studies often cite rotor-swept area, avian collision risk measured as fatalities per GWh, and bat barotrauma from rapid pressure cha...	undermine	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Injected domain-specific ecological and engineering terminology (e.g., rotor-swept area, fatalities per GWh, bat barotrauma, migratory flyways, habitat fragmentation) that requires subject-matter knowledge to interpret.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reas...
Problem: Statement: Claim: We have to teach creationism in schools. Perspective: Freedom of speech should apply to teachers as much as anyone else. Task: Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view, classify it as supporting. ...	support	Problem: Statement: Claim: We have to teach creationism in schools. Perspective: Freedom of speech should apply to teachers as much as anyone else, invoking academic-freedom doctrines and curricular-autonomy debates (e.g., AAUP guidelines, K-12 academic freedom discussions) and referencing First Amendment jurisprudence...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Injected domain-specific legal and academic-freedom terminology (AAUP, curricular autonomy, viewpoint neutrality, content-based restriction) to require specialized knowledge to parse, without changing the perspective's conclusion.", "name": "Knowledge-int...
Statement: Claim: All Americans should have the right (be entitled) to health care. Perspective: Health care for all might cost more in taxes. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Answer with a single word: support or undermine	undermine	Statement: Claim: All Americans should have the right (be entitled) to health care. Perspective: Health care for all might cost more in taxes; actuarial projections and fiscal-impact assessments of universal coverage (including single-payer scenarios) often show increased public liabilities and may necessitate progress...	undermine	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific economic and actuarial terminology (e.g., actuarial projections, fiscal-impact assessments, single-payer, adverse selection, moral hazard, progressive tax adjustments) to require specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledg...
Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Raise The School Leaving Age To 18. Perspective: Society should make it easier for all young people to receive an education. Return exactly one word: support or undermine	support	Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Raise The School Leaving Age To 18. Perspective: Society should make it easier for all young people to receive an education, including policy measures such as targeted bursaries, expanded apprenti...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific education policy terminology (e.g., RPL, apprenticeship frameworks, human-capital models, RPA) that requires specialized knowledge to parse and could distract models.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], "estimated_...
Statement: Claim: It is time to stop buying bottled water. Perspective: Bottled water is important for travelers to avoid illnesss. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.	undermine	Statement: Claim: It is time to stop buying bottled water. Perspective: Bottled water is important for travelers to avoid illnesss — particularly in regions with intermittent municipal supply and elevated fecal coliform counts; single-use bottled water subjected to point-of-use treatments such as reverse osmosis or UV-...	undermine	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific public-health and water-treatment terminology (e.g., fecal coliform counts, reverse osmosis, UV-C, ETEC, Giardia, WHO guidelines) to require specialized knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], "esti...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Religion In Itself Is A Purely Positive Force In The World. Perspective: Religion's Net Impact On The World Is A Positive One. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose the best option. (A) supports the claim (B) undermines the claim Solution: A	A	Problem: Statement: Claim: Religion In Itself Is A Purely Positive Force In The World. Perspective: Religion's Net Impact On The World Is A Positive One (framed here as an aggregate utilitarian assessment taking into account domain-specific concepts such as positive externalities, social capital generation, and charita...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific terminology and context (aggregate utilitarian assessment, positive externalities, social capital, charitable provisioning) to require specialized sociological/economic reasoning without changing the core proposition.", "name": "K...
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Performing tests on animals must be banned. Perspective: Testing is needed for really new drugs. Choose the best option: (A) The perspective supports the claim (B) The perspective undermines the claim (C) The perspective is neutral or...	B	Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Performing tests on animals must be banned. Perspective: Testing is needed for really new drugs — proponents argue that IND-enabling GLP-compliant preclinical studies (including rodent toxicology, non-human primate pharmacokinetics, a...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific regulatory and preclinical terminology (e.g., IND-enabling, GLP, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, non-human primates) that requires specialized biomedical knowledge to interpret.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning" } ], ...
Problem: Statement: Claim: Fast Food Advertising Should Be Banned. Perspective: Marketing aimed at children should be subject to strict regulations. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer must be exactly one of the words: support or undermine	support	Problem: Statement: Claim: Fast Food Advertising Should Be Banned. Perspective: Marketing aimed at children should be subject to strict regulations — citing concerns about neuromarketing techniques (e.g., advergames and licensed-character tie-ins), "pester power," and the vulnerability of underdeveloped executive funct...	support	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Inserted domain-specific terminology from marketing science and developmental psychology (neuromarketing, advergames, licensed-character tie-ins, pester power, executive function) to require specialized background knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-...
Problem: Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: "Religious freedom abroad should be one of the primary foreign policy concerns for any country." Perspective: "Religion does not motivate foreign policy." Choose the best option: (A) supports the claim (B) undermines the clai...	B	Problem: Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: "Religious freedom abroad should be one of the primary foreign policy concerns for any country." Perspective: "Religion does not motivate foreign policy." (This statement is framed in a secular-realist, materialist vocabulary...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Added domain-specific international-relations terminology (e.g., \"secular-realist\", \"balance-of-power\", \"security dilemmas\", \"economic interdependence\") to require specialized background knowledge to parse.", "name": "Knowledge-intensive reasoning...