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Question: is this a 2) strong advice, 1) weak advice 0) no advice?
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This is no advice
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| Elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fibrinogen indicate systemic inflammation in patients with COVID-19. |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease
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| SARS-CoV-2 causes a severe pneumonia (COVID-19) that affects essentially elderly people. In COVID-19, macrophage infiltration into the lung causes a rapid and intense cytokine storm leading finally to a multi-organ failure and death. Comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, lung and cardiovas... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Serial KL-6 measurements in COVID-19 patients
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| SARS-CoV2-induced direct cytopathic effects against type II pneumocytes are suspected to play a role in mediating and perpetuating lung damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum KL-6 behavior in COVID-19 patients to investigate its potential role in predicting clinical course. Sixty patients (median age IQR, ... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Plasma proteomic and metabolomic characterization of COVID-19 survivors 6 months after discharge
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| Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has gained prominence as a global pandemic. Studies have suggested that systemic alterations persist in a considerable proportion of COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. We used proteomic and metabolomic approaches to analyze plasma samples obtained from 30 healthy subjects an... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein primes inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1- beta secretion in COVID-19 patient-derived macrophages
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| Innate immunity triggers responsible for viral control or hyperinflammation in COVID- 19 are largely unknown. Here we show that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein primes inflammasome activation and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) secretion in macrophages derived from COVID-19 patients but not in macrophages from healthy SARS-CoV-... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Integrated network analysis reveals new genes suggesting COVID-19 chronic effects and treatment
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| The COVID-19 disease led to an unprecedented health emergency, still ongoing worldwide. Given the lack of a vaccine or a clear therapeutic strategy to counteract the infection as well as its secondary effects, there is currently a pressing need to generate new insights into the SARS-CoV-2 induced host response. Biomedi... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis is a cytokine release syndrome: evidences from cerebrospinal fluid analyses
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| BACKGROUND: Recent findings indicated that SARS-CoV-2 related neurological manifestations involve cytokine release syndrome along with endothelial activation, blood brain barrier dysfunction, and immune‐mediated mechanisms. Very few studies have fully investigated the CSF correlates of SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis. METHODS:... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Interleukin-6: obstacles to targeting a complex cytokine in critical illness
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| Circulating concentrations of the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) are known to be increased in pro-inflammatory critical care syndromes, such as sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Elevations in serum IL-6 concentrations in patients with severe COVID-19 have led to renewed interest in the cytokine... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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The influence of HLA genotype on the severity of COVID-19 infection
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| The impact of COVID-19 varies markedly, not only between individual patients but also between different populations. We hypothesised that differences in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes might influence this variation. Using next generation sequencing, we analysed the class I and class II classical HLA genes of 147 i... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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The Combined Value of Type2 Inflammatory Markers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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| The roles of type2 inflammatory markers in chronic airway diseases have been assessed in previous studies. However, the relationship between the combined value of these biomarkers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the roles of the combined value of t... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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High Mobility Group Box 1 and Interleukin 6 at Intensive Care Unit Admission as Biomarkers in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
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| Exuberant inflammation manifesting as a “cytokine storm” has been suggested as a central feature in the pathogenesis of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigated two prognostic biomarkers, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in patients with severe COVID-19 at the t... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Resolvin D1 and D2 reduce SARS-Cov-2-induced inflammation in cystic fibrosis macrophages
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| Resolvins (Rv) are endogenous lipid autacoids that mediate resolution of inflammation and bacterial infections. Their roles in SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 are of considerable interest in the context of cystic fibrosis (CF) given the paucity of data regarding the effect of this virus on immune cells from individuals with CF... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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The Roborovski dwarf hamster – a highly susceptible model for a rapid and fatal course of SARS-CoV-2 infection
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| The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has precipitated an unprecedented and yet unresolved health crisis worldwide. Different mammals are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2; however, few species examined so far develop robust clinical disease that mirrors severe human cases or allows testing of vaccines and drugs under con... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Dysregulation of the Leukocyte Signaling Landscape during Acute COVID-19
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| The global COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of more than 450,000 US citizens Dysregulation of the immune system underlies the pathogenesis of COVID-19, with inflammation mediated local tissue injury to the lung in the setting of suppressed systemic immune function To define the molecular mechanisms of immune dys... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Establishment of an African green monkey model for COVID-19 and protection against reinfection
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| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for an unprecedented global pandemic of COVID-19. Animal models are urgently needed to study the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and to screen vaccines and treatments. We show African green monkeys (AGMs) support robust SARS-CoV-2 replication and deve... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19
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| Viral pandemics, such as the one caused by SARS-CoV-2, pose an imminent threat to humanity. Because of its recent emergence, there is a paucity of information regarding viral behavior and host response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we offer an in-depth analysis of the transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 compa... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Insights into pathogenesis of fatal COVID-19 pneumonia from histopathology with immunohistochemical and viral RNA studies
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| INTRODUCTION: We describe post-mortem pulmonary histopathologic findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with a spectrum of disease course, from rapid demise to prolonged hospitalisation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Histopathologic findings in post-mortem lung tissue from eight patients who died from COVID-19 pneumonia were... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Activated interstitial macrophages are a predominant target of viral takeover and focus of inflammation in COVID-19 initiation in human lung
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| Early stages of deadly respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 have been challenging to elucidate due to lack of an experimental system that recapitulates the cellular and structural complexity of the human lung, while allowing precise control over disease initiation and systematic interrogation of molecular events at ce... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Natural killer cells associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA shedding, antibody response and mortality in COVID-19 patients
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| Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious viral disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Two consecutively negative SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA test ( interval >= 24 hours), improved respiratory symptoms and obvious absorption of inflammation in pulmonary imaging ar... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Increased levels of plasma cytokines and correlations to organ failure and 30-day mortality in critically ill Covid-19 patients
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| BACKGROUND: The infection caused by SARS CoV-2 has been postulated to induce a cytokine storm syndrome that results in organ failure and even death in a considerable number of patients. However, the inflammatory response in Corona virus disease-19 (Covid-19) and its potential to cause collateral organ damage has not be... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Identification of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune alterations in acutely ill patients.
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| Dysregulated immune profiles have been described in symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Whether the reported immune alterations are specific to SARS-CoV-2 infection or also triggered by other acute illnesses remains unclear. We performed flow cytometry analysis on fresh peripheral blood from a consecutive cohort ... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Computational analysis of B cell receptor repertoires in COVID-19 patients using deep embedded representations of protein sequences
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| Analyzing B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires is immensely useful in evaluating one’s immunological status. Conventionally, repertoire analysis methods have focused on comprehensive assessments of clonal compositions, including V(D)J segment usage, nucleotide insertions/deletions, and amino acid distributions. Here, we i... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Interleukin-6 is upregulated and may be associated with myocardial injury in some patients who have recovered from COVID-19
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| Summary Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes myocardial injury by inducing a cytokine storm in severe cases. Studies have reported that myocardial injury persists for a prolonged period during COVID-19 recovery, and cardiac troponin is a useful indicator of myocardial injury. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) level is known to... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Cascading from SARS-CoV-2 to Parkinson’s Disease through Protein-Protein Interactions
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| Extensive extrapulmonary damages in a dozen of organs/systems, including the central nervous system (CNS), are reported in patients of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Three cases of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been reported as a direct consequence of COVID-19 In spite of the scarce data for establishing a def... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Von Willebrand factor propeptide in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): evidence of acute and sustained endothelial cell activation
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| Endothelial cell (EC) activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary microvascular occlusion, which is a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Consistent with EC activation, increased plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) levels have been reported in COVID-19. Importantly however... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Inflammatory profiles across the spectrum of disease reveal a distinct role for GM-CSF in severe COVID-19
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| While it is now widely accepted that host inflammatory responses contribute to lung injury, the pathways that drive severity and distinguish coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from other viral lung diseases remain poorly characterized. We analyzed plasma samples from 471 hospitalized patients recruited through the pro... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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A Potential Role of Interleukin-10 in COVID-19 Pathogenesis
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| A unique feature of the cytokine storm in COVID-19 is the dramatic elevation of IL-10. Its significance was thought as a negative-feedback mechanism for suppressing inflammation. However, several lines of clinical evidence suggest that dramatic early pro-inflammatory IL-10 elevation might play a pathological role in CO... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Immune transcriptomes of highly exposed SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic seropositive versus seronegative individuals from the Ischgl community
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| To investigate prevalence of ongoing activation of inflammation following asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection we characterized immune cell transcriptomes from 43 asymptomatic seropositive and 52 highly exposed seronegative individuals with few underlying health issues following a community superspreading event. Four mild... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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THE SPECTRUM OF THYROID FUNCTION TESTS DURING HOSPITALIZATION FOR SARS COV-2 INFECTION.
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| Objective Alterations in thyroid function tests (TFTs) have been recorded during SARS-CoV-2 infection as associated to either a destructive thyroiditis or a non-thyroidal illness. Methods We studied 144 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a single Center, in intensive or subintensive care Units. Those with previo... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Serum Amyloid A Protein as a useful biomarker to predict COVID-19 patients severity and prognosis
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| Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with different grades of severity from mild to critical. Evaluation of biomarkers predicting severity is crucial to identify patients at high risk of disease progression and poor prognosis. Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein mainly produced by the liver in re... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Longitudinal characterization of circulating neutrophils uncovers distinct phenotypes associated with disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
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| Multiple studies have identified an association between neutrophils and COVID-19 disease severity; however, the mechanistic basis of this association remains incompletely understood. Here we collected 781 longitudinal blood samples from 306 hospitalized COVID-19+ patients, 78 COVID-19− acute respiratory distress syndro... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Role of DAMPs in respiratory virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome—with a preliminary reference to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
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| When surveying the current literature on COVID-19, the “cytokine storm” is considered to be pathogenetically involved in its severe outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and eventually multiple organ failure. In this review, the similar role of DAMPs is addressed... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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CD4(+) T Cells of Prostate Cancer Patients Have Decreased Immune Responses to Antigens Derived From SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein
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| The adaptive immune response to severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important for vaccine development and in the recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Men and cancer patients have been reported to be at higher risks of contracting the virus and developing the more severe forms of COVID-1... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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ALTERED MOLECULAR PATHWAYS OBSERVED IN NASO-OROPHARYNGEAL SAMPLES OF SARS-CoV-2 PATIENTS
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| COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared throughout the World and currently affected more than 3.6 million people and caused the death of around 252,000 people. The novel strain of the coronavirus disease is transmittable at a devastating rate with a high rate of severe hospital... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Adverse COVID‐19 outcomes in immune deficiencies: Inequality exists between subclasses
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| BACKGROUND: Genetic deficiencies of immune system, referred to as inborn errors of immunity (IEI), serve as a valuable model to study human immune responses. In a multicenter prospective cohort, we evaluated the outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among IEI subjects and analyzed genetic and immune characteristics that dete... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Will a little change do you good? A putative role of polymorphisms in COVID-19
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| An alarming disease caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) named COVID-19 has emerged as an unprecedented public health problem and ignited a world health crisis. As opposed to what was believed at the beginning of the pandemic, the virus has not only spread but persevere causing... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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ABO Phenotype and Death in Critically Ill Patients with COVID‐19
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| Blood groups are inherited traits that vary across populations, likely due to both founder effects and natural selection. A link between blood groups and susceptibility to infectious disease has been well‐described, with notable examples being H. Pylori and Plasmodium falciparum infection. Blood group antigens may infl... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Viral dynamics and immune correlates of COVID-19 disease severity
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| BACKGROUND: Key knowledge gaps remain in the understanding of viral dynamics and immune response of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: We evaluated these characteristics and established their association with clinical severity in a prospective observational cohort study of 100 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infecti... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Gut microbiota in antiviral strategy from bats to humans: a missing link in COVID-19
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| Bats are a potential natural reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 virus and other viruses detrimental to humans. Accumulated evidence has shown that, in their adaptation to a flight-based lifestyle, remodeling of the gut microbiota in bats may have contributed to immune tolerance to viruses. This evidence from bats provides profou... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Elastase and exacerbation of neutrophil innate immunity are involved in multi‐visceral manifestations of COVID‐19
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| BACKGROUND: Many arguments suggest that neutrophils could play a prominent role in COVID‐19. However, the role of key components of neutrophil innate immunity in severe forms of COVID‐19 has deserved insufficient attention. We aimed to evaluate the involvement of neutrophil elastase, histone‐DNA, and DNases in systemic... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Network-Based Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies the Genetic Effect of COVID-19 to Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Bioinformatics Approach
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| COVID-19 has emerged as global health threats. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are immune-compromised and may have a high risk of infection by the SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to detect common transcriptomic signatures and pathways between COVID-19 and CKD by systems biology analysis. We analyzed transcriptomic data obta... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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A prospective observational cohort study to identify inflammatory biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with sepsis
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| Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction. A fast diagnosis is crucial for patient management. Proteins that are synthesized during the inflammatory response can be used as biomarkers, helping in a rapid clinical assessment or an early diagnosis of infection. The aim of this study was to identify bioma... |
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### Response:
DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED IL-6 LEVELS IN AMBULATORY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE.
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| IL-6 promotes T cell activation and production in acute inflammatory conditions, initiates B cell differentiation, regulates liver production of acute phase reactants, and stimulates hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system, which is important in acute inflammation. Nevertheless prolonged IL-6 exposition activates apoptos... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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A brief review on pregnancy risk reasoned to COVID-19
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| Introduction: Pregnancy is confronted with increased risk for COVID-19 since the expression of immune markers, realized the fact that the immune cells and cytokines, the virtuous understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease reduce maternal deaths. Pregnant women are enfeebled against the immune systems and are a... |
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Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Reactive CD4 + T Cells
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| The contribution of CD4+ T cells to protective or pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown Here, we present large-scale single-cell transcriptomic analysis of viral antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells from 32 COVID-19 patients In patients with severe disease compared to mild disease, we found incre... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Common variants at 21q22.3 locus influence MX1 and TMPRSS2 gene expression and susceptibility to severe COVID-19
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| The established risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are advanced age, male sex, and comorbidities, but they do not fully explain the wide spectrum of disease manifestations. Genetic factors implicated in the host antiviral response provide for novel insights into its pathogenesis. We performed an in-dep... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
SARS-CoV-2 causes human BBB injury and neuroinflammation indirectly in a linked organ chip platform
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| COVID-19 is a multi-system disease affecting many organs outside of the lungs, and patients generally develop varying degrees of neurological symptoms. Whereas, the pathogenesis underlying these neurological manifestations remains elusive. Although in vitro models and animal models are widely used in studies of SARS-Co... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Allelic variation in Class I HLA determines pre-existing memory responses to SARS-CoV-2 that shape the CD8+ T cell repertoire upon viral exposure
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| Effective presentation of antigens by HLA class I molecules to CD8+ T cells is required for viral elimination and generation of long-term immunological memory. In this study, we applied a single-cell, multi-omic technology to generate the first unified ex vivo characterization of the CD8+ T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 ... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Fc-engineered antibody therapeutics with improved efficacy against COVID-19
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| Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 have demonstrated clinical benefit in cases of mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, substantially reducing the risk for hospitalization and severe disease1-4. Treatment generally requires the administration of high doses of these mAbs with lim... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
An immune-protein signature combining TRAIL, IP-10 and CRP for accurate prediction of severe COVID-19 outcome
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| BACKGROUNDAccurately identifying COVID-19 patients at-risk to deteriorate remains challenging. Tools integrating host-protein expression have proven useful in determining infection etiology and hold potential for prognosticating disease severity. METHODSAdults with COVID-19 were recruited at medical centers in Israel, ... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Apoptosis-Induced T Cell Lymphopenia Is Related to COVID-19 Severity
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| BACKGROUND: Increased levels of acute-phase reactants and lymphopenia are predictors of disease severity in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the role of apoptosis in the etiology of lymphopenia in patients with COVID-19. METHODS/SETTING: This multicentered, prospective, and case-cont... |
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### Response:
Endothelial Senescence and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, a COVID-19 Based Hypothesis
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| Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is a serious illness of unknown etiology, characterized by debilitating exhaustion, memory impairment, pain and sleep abnormalities. Viral infections are believed to initiate the pathogenesis of this syndrome although the definite proof remains elusive. With the unfold... |
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A proteome-wide genetic investigation identifies several SARS-CoV-2-exploited host targets of clinical relevance
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| BACKGROUND: The virus SARS-CoV-2 can exploit biological vulnerabilities (e.g. host proteins) in susceptible hosts that predispose to the development of severe COVID-19. METHODS: To identify host proteins that may contribute to the risk of severe COVID-19, we undertook proteome-wide genetic colocalisation tests, and pol... |
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### Response:
[Adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2]
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| The impact of host adaptive immune response on COVID-19 has now become a critical issue in absence of specific therapy and immunotherapies In SARS CoV-2 infection, the immune response is thought to contribute both to the pathogenesis of the disease and to protection during its resolution While mild cases develop an imm... |
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Microcirculatory, Endothelial and Inflammatory Responses in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 are Distinct from those Seen in Septic Shock: A Case Control Study.
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| Critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection frequently exhibit a hyperinflammatory response and develop organ failures, however the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the microcirculatory, endothelial and inflammatory responses in critically ill COVID-19 patients and compared them to a group of pati... |
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### Response:
High percentage of smudge cells in a patient with COVID19: Rediscovering their utility
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| We present a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an unexpected presence of lymphocytosis. Examination of blood film revealed mature small lymphocytes associated with high percentage of smudge cells (63%). A peripheral flow cyometry evidenced a CD5 negative CLL. A high percentage of smudge cells is associated with C... |
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### Response:
Reduced Cell Surface Levels of C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 and Immunosuppression in Long Coronavirus Disease 2019 Syndrome
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| In an exploratory trial treating "long COVID" with the CCR5-binding antibody leronlimab, we observed significantly increased blood cell surface CCR5 in treated symptomatic responders but not in nonresponders or placebo-treated participants. These findings suggest an unexpected mechanism of abnormal immune downmodulatio... |
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### Response:
Lessons from dermatology about inflammatory responses in Covid-19
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| The SARS-Cov-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus composed of 16 non-structural proteins (NSP 1-16) with specific roles in the replication of coronaviruses. NSP3 has the property to block host innate immune response and to promote cytokine expression. NSP5 can inhibit interferon (IFN) signalling and NSP16 prevents MAD5 rec... |
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### Response:
NEUT-SFL in Patients with COVID-ARDS: A Novel Biomarker for Thrombotic Events?
### Response:
| The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped RNA virus first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is impacting healthcare worldwide. Patients who develop coagulopathy have worse outcomes. T... |
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### Response:
Inflammatory leptomeningeal cytokines mediate delayed COVID-19 encephalopathy
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| SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a wide spectrum of neurologic dysfunction. Here we show that a particularly vulnerable population with neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 harbor an influx of inflammatory cytokines within the cerebrospinal fluid in the absence of viral neuro-invasion. The majority of these inflammatory m... |
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### Response:
The role of Host Genetics in susceptibility to severe viral infections in humans and INSIGHTS into host genetics of severe COVID-19: A systematic review
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| BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to severe viral infections was reported to be associated with genetic variants in immune response genes using case reports and GWAS studies. SARS-CoV-2 is an emergent viral disease that caused millions of COVID-19 cases all over the world. Around 15% of cases are severe and some of them are a... |
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### Response:
Transient plasma cell dyscrasia in COVID-19 patients linked to IL-6 triggering
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| An unusual clonal gammopathy was reported in COVID-19 patient but whether this anomaly is related or not to the disease has not yet been clarified. To this aim, we selected a cohort of 35 COVID-19 patients swab positive and investigated serological levels of IL-6, immune response to major viral antigens and electrophor... |
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### Response:
P35.20 Genomic Profiling and PD-L1 Expression Association Analysis in Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-infected Lung Cancer Patients
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| Introduction: COVID-19, a disease caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has drawn public attention worldwide The virus is also associated with carcinogenesis Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was reported to be related to pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC), a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Howeve... |
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### Response:
Integrated immune dynamics define correlates of COVID-19 severity and antibody responses
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| SARS-CoV-2 causes a spectrum of COVID-19 disease, the immunological basis of which remains ill-defined. We analysed 85 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals at acute and/or convalescent timepoints, up to 102 days post-symptom onset, quantifying 184 immunological parameters. Acute COVID-19 presented with high levels of IL-6, ... |
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### Response:
Interleukin-18 in Inflammatory Kidney Disease
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| Interleukin (IL)-18, a member of the IL-1 superfamily, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is structurally similar to IL-1β. IL-18 promotes the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and strongly induces a Th1 response. IL-18 drives the same myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signa... |
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### Response:
Herpesvirus Reactivations in Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients with Autoantibodies Neutralizing Type I Interferons
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| Autoantibodies neutralizing the antiviral action of type I interferons (IFNs) have been associated with pre-disposition to severe COVID-19. Here, we screened for such autoantibodies in 103 critically-ill COVID-19 patients in a tertiary intensive care unit in Switzerland. Eleven patients (10.7%), but no healthy donors, ... |
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### Response:
[COVID-toes, a cutaneous sign of innate resistance to SARS-CoV-2]
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| Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, dermatologists around the world have reported patients with chilblain-like skin lesions on their toes, called COVID-toes Surprisingly, the majority of these patients do not develop COVID-19 symptoms, and their nasal swabs and serological tests are unable to confirm SARS-CoV... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Inflammasomes are activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with COVID-19 severity in patients
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| Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by a strong inflammatory process that may ultimately lead to organ failure and patient death. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a molecular platform that promotes inflammation via cleavage and activation of key inflammatory molecules including active caspase-1 (Casp1p20), IL-1β, and I... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Pathogenesis of pneumonia and acute lung injury.
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| Pneumonia and its sequelae, acute lung injury, present unique challenges for pulmonary and critical care healthcare professionals, and these challenges have recently garnered global attention due to the ongoing Sars-CoV-2 pandemic. One limitation to translational investigation of acute lung injury, including its most s... |
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### Response:
The evaluation of both the expression and serum protein levels of Caspase‐3 gene in patients with different degrees of SARS‐CoV2 infection
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| To evaluate the effects of Caspase‐3 (CASP3) gene expression and serum levels on preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. A total of 41 individuals (male: 21; female: 20) with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were included in the current study. Hemograms were examined from patient blood sa... |
### Instruction:
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Investigating expressed RNA variants that are related to disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with mild-to-severe disease
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| BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to be a significant public health challenge globally. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus, and the understanding of what constitutes expressed RNAseq variants in healthy, convalescent, severe, moderate, and those admitted to the intensive care u... |
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Cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19: Innate immune, vascular, and platelet pathogenic factors differ in severity of disease and sex
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| COVID-19 rapidly emerged as a crippling public health crisis in the last few months, which has presented a series health risk. Understanding of the immune response and biomarker analysis is needed to progress toward understanding disease pathology and developing improved treatment options. The goal of this study is to ... |
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### Response:
Targeting of the CD80/86 proinflammatory axis as a therapeutic strategy to prevent severe COVID-19
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| An excessive immune response known as cytokine storm is the hallmark of severe COVID-19. The cause of this cytokine rampage is yet not known. Based on recent epidemiological evidence, we hypothesized that CD80/86 signaling is essential for this hyperinflammation, and that blocking this proinflammatory axis could be an ... |
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### Response:
Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 generates T-cell memory in the absence of a detectable viral infection
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| T-cell immunity is important for recovery from COVID-19 and provides heightened immunity for re-infection. However, little is known about the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity in virus-exposed individuals. Here we report virus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell memory in recovered COVID-19 patients and close contacts.... |
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### Response:
Acute SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis with cytotoxic CD8 positive T-lymphocytes: Case report and review of the literature
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| As of October 2020, there are over 40 million confirmed cases, and more than 1 million confirmed deaths of Covid-19 worldwide. The main cause of death in hospitalized patients is a respiratory failure due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. It has been suggested that the very intense immune response induces diffuse... |
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### Response:
Lung Allograft Dysfunction in a COVID-19 Transplanted Patient is Associated with a Peculiar Immunopathological Phenotype
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| Purpose Lung transplantation (LT) after severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is emerging as a life-saving medical procedure for selected patients who experience acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We present the first immunopathological evaluation of a lung allograft rejection in a patient who underwent LT because of ir... |
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### Response:
Single-cell analysis of COVID-19, sepsis, and HIV infection reveals hyperinflammatory and immunosuppressive signatures in monocytes
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| The mortality risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been linked to the cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the inflammatory responses shared between COVID-19 and other infectious diseases that feature cytokine storms may therefore help in developing improved therapeutic strategies. Her... |
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### Response:
Baseline T-lymphocyte subset absolute counts can predict both outcome and severity in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: a single center study
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| The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of baseline lymphocyte subset counts in predicting the outcome and severity of COVID-19 patients. Hospitalized patients confirmed to be infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included and classified according to in-hospital mortalit... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Markers of brain and endothelial Injury and inflammation are acutely and sex specifically regulated in SARS-CoV-2 infection
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| Objective: To investigate brain injury markers (BIM), endothelial injury markers (EIM) and cytokine/chemokine (CC) markers of systemic inflammation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and across sex. Methods: Plasma samples from 57 subjects at <48 hours of COVID 19 hospitalization, 14 subjects at 3 months of COVID 1... |
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### Response:
MOATAI-VIR - an AI algorithm that predicts severe adverse events and molecular features for COVID-19's complications
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| Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, some COVID-19 patients experience severe adverse events caused by pathogenic host responses. To treat these complications, their underlying etiology must be identified. Thus, a novel AI-based methodology, MOATAI-VIR, which predicts disease-protein-pathway relationships for 22 clinical ma... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Investigation of Genetic Variations of IL6 and IL6R as Potential Prognostic and Pharmacogenetics Biomarkers: Implications for COVID-19 and Neuroinflammatory Disorders
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| In the present study, we investigated the distribution of genetic variations in IL6 and IL6R genes, which may be employed as prognostic and pharmacogenetic biomarkers for COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases. The study was performed on 271 samples representative of the Italian general population and identified seven... |
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### Response:
Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in viral respiratory infections; Hints for discovering therapeutic targets for COVID-19
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| The expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), known as heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells, is enhanced during several pathological conditions such as inflammatory or viral respiratory infections. It seems that the way MDSCs behave in infection depends on the type and the virulence mechanism... |
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### Response:
Discovery and Validation of a 3-Gene Transcriptional Signature to Distinguish COVID-19 and Other Viral Infections from Bacterial Sepsis in Adults;A Case-Control then Observational Cohort Study
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| Background: Emergency hospital admissions for infection often lack microbiological diagnostic certainty. Novel approaches to discriminate likelihood of bacterial and viral infections are required to support antimicrobial prescribing decisions and infection control practice. We sought to derive and validate a blood tran... |
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### Response:
Activation of Complement Components on Circulating Blood Monocytes From COVID-19 Patients
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| The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus may vary from asymptomatic to severe infection with multi-organ failure and death. Increased levels of circulating complement biomarkers have been implicated in COVID-19-related hyperinflammation and coagulopathy. We characterized systemic complemen... |
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### Response:
Dynamics of NK, CD8 and Tfh cell mediated the production of cytokines and antiviral antibodies in Chinese patients with moderate COVID-19
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| Recent studies have demonstrated a marked decrease in peripheral lymphocyte levels in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Few studies have focused on the changes of NK, T- and B-cell subsets, inflammatory cytokines and virus-specific ... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Disharmonic Inflammatory Signatures in COVID-19: Augmented Neutrophils’ but Impaired Monocytes’ and Dendritic Cells’ Responsiveness
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| COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged as a pandemic disease posing a severe threat to global health To date, sporadic studies have demonstrated that innate immune mechanisms, specifically neutrophilia, NETosis, and neutrophil-associated cytokine responses, are involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis;however, our unde... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Severe Neuro-COVID is associated with peripheral immune signatures, autoimmunity and signs of neurodegeneration: a prospective cross-sectional study
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| Importance Growing evidence suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with neurological sequelae. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in central nervous system (CNS) derogation remain unclear. Objective To identify severity-dependent immune mechanisms in the cerebrospin... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Alterations in the human oral and gut microbiomes and lipidomics in COVID-19
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| OBJECTIVE: To characterise the oral microbiome, gut microbiome and serum lipid profiles in patients with active COVID-19 and recovered patients; evaluate the potential of the microbiome as a non-invasive biomarker for COVID-19; and explore correlations between the microbiome and lipid profile. DESIGN: We collected and ... |
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### Response:
Sensitive mass spectrometric determination of kinin-kallikrein system peptides in light of COVID-19
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| The outbreak of COVID-19 has raised interest in the kinin–kallikrein system, as symptoms were postulated to be in connection. Viral blockade of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 impedes degradation of the active kinin des-Arg(9)-bradykinin, which thus increasingly activates bradykinin receptors known to promote infla... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Profound dysregulation of T cell homeostasisand function in patients with severe COVID-19
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| BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and shows a broad clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. A very prominentfeature associated with severe COVID-19 is T cell lymphopenia. However, h... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
An interferon‐γ‐related cytokine storm in SARS patients
### Response:
| Fourteen cytokines or chemokines were analyzed on 88 RT‐PCR‐confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients. IFN‐γ, IL‐18, TGF‐β, IL‐6, IP‐10, MCP‐1, MIG, and IL‐8, but not of TNF‐α, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13, or TNFRI, were highly elevated in the acute phase sera of Taiwan SARS patients. IFN‐γ was significa... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Proteomic and Metabolomic Investigation of COVID-19 Patients with Elevated Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase
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| Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has been established as a prognostic indicator given its differential expression in COVID-19 patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underneath remain poorly understood. In this study, 144 COVID-19 patients were enrolled to monitor the clinical and laboratory parameters over three ... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Cell-free DNA maps COVID-19 tissue injury and risk of death and can cause tissue injury
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| INTRODUCTIONThe clinical course of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is heterogeneous, ranging from mild to severe multiorgan failure and death. In this study, we analyzed cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker of injury to define the sources of tissue injury that contribute to such different trajectories.METHODSWe conducted a... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Interleukin-8 as a Biomarker for Disease Prognosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients
### Response:
| The widespread prevalence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has resulted in a severe global public health emergency. However, there are no sensitive biomarkers to predict the disease prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Here, we have i... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Frequency of interleukin-6 rs1800795 (-174G/C) and rs1800797 (-597G/A) polymorphisms in COVID-19 patients in Turkey who develop macrophage activation syndrome.
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| SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has infected over 100 million people since it appeared in Wuhan, China just 1 year ago. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6)gene polymorphisms -174G/C and -597G/A and COVID-19 course. The study included a total of 70 patients aged 18-45 years who were hospital... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Multi-Omics Integration Reveals Only Minor Long-Term Molecular and Functional Sequelae in Immune Cells of Individuals Recovered From COVID-19
### Response:
| The majority of COVID-19 patients experience mild to moderate disease course and recover within a few weeks. An increasing number of studies characterized the long-term changes in the specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses, but how COVID-19 shapes the innate and heterologous adaptive immune system after recovery is ... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on saliva: TNF-⍺, IL-6, IL-10, lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgG, IgA, and IgM
### Response:
| OBJECTIVES: Understanding the role of certain salivary components, such as TNF-⍺, IL-6, IL-10, lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgG, IgA, and IgM, in airway defense during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is essential. The salivary immune barrier of patients with COVID-19 may play a role in their prognosis. The present study aims... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Peripheral CD4+ T cell subsets and antibody response in COVID-19 convalescent individuals
### Response:
| BACKGROUNDMarked progress is achieved in understanding the physiopathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which caused a global pandemic. However, the CD4+ T cell population critical for antibody response in COVID-19 is poorly understood.METHODSIn this study, we provided a comprehensive analysis of peripheral ... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
COVID-19 Infection During Pregnancy Induces Differential Gene Expression in Human Cord Blood Cells From Term Neonates
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| Background The COVID-19 pandemic continues worldwide with fluctuating case numbers in the United States. This pandemic has affected every segment of the population with more recent hospitalizations in the pediatric population. Vertical transmission of COVID-19 is uncommon, but reports show that there are thrombotic, va... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
An Account of Immune Senescence in the Clinical Pathophysiology of COVID-19 Infection in Aging
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| Worldwide COVID-19 infection poses an enormous risk to public health and an alarming global socioeconomic burden The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with underlying health conditions as well as on the elderly population is extensive and effective strategies are needed to understand the mechanism behind i... |
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