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Answer this question truthfully
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The mesolimbic pathway is the primary dopaminergic pathway targeted in the antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder characterized by a range of symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinkin... | In the treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotic medication, which dopaminergic pathway is the primary focus? |
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Answer this question truthfully
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Yes. Most smokers use tobacco regularly because they are addicted to nicotine. Addiction is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, even in the face of negative health consequences. It is well documented that most smokers identify tobacco use as ... | Is Nicotine Addictive? |
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Answer this question truthfully
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Release of CRH from the hypothalamus is influenced by stress, by blood levels of cortisol and by the sleep/wake cycle. In healthy individuals, cortisol rises rapidly after wakening, reaching a peak within 30-45 minutes. It then gradually falls over the day... | Could you explain the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis? |
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Answer this question truthfully
### Response:
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation devices (CES devices) use electrodes placed on or just behind the ear to generate a very small electrical current. In normal healthy males this microcurrent has been shown to affect alpha wave and beta wave brain activity... | What is the surgery for clinical depression? |
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Please answer with one of the option in the bracket
### Response:
B: Crossover
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| Q:A group of investigators are studying the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive performance in patients with Alzheimer disease. A cohort of 50 patients with mild Alzheimer disease were randomized 1:1 to either tDCS or sham tDCS over the temporoparietal cortex. Both procedures were con... |
### Instruction:
Please answer with one of the option in the bracket
### Response:
A: Lateral hypothalamus
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| Q:A researcher is studying the effect of hypothalamic lesions on rat behavior and development. She has developed a novel genetic engineering technology that allows her to induce specific mutations in rat embryos that interfere with rat CNS development. She creates several lines of mice with mutations in only one region... |
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Question: is this a 2) strong advice, 1) weak advice 0) no advice?
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This is no advice
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| We show here, that a relatively short, combined psychosocial/physical stress protocol in neonatal Balb/CByJ mice, results in increased corticosterone levels during the stress hypo-responsive period (Sapolsky & Meaney 1986) and leads to significant changes in somatosensory cortical size and architecture in Balb/CByJ mic... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Perceived social isolation is correlated with brain structure and cognitive trajectory in Alzheimer’s disease
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| Both objective and perceived social isolations were associated with future cognitive decline and increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the impacts of perceived social isolation depending on different clinical stages of AD have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Event segmentation reveals working memory forgetting rate
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| We encounter the world as a continuous flow and effortlessly segment sequences of events into episodes. This process of event segmentation engages working memory (WM) for tracking the flow of events and impacts subsequent memory accuracy. WM is limited in how much information is retained (i.e., WM capacity) and for how... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Unsupervised cross-user adaptation in taste sensation recognition based on surface electromyography with conformal prediction and domain regularized component analysis
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| Human taste sensation can be qualitatively described with surface electromyography. However, the pattern recognition models trained on one subject (the source domain) do not generalize well on other subjects (the target domain). To improve the generalizability and transferability of taste sensation models developed wit... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Functional Activities Detected in the Olfactory Bulb and Associated Olfactory Regions in the Human Brain Using T2-Prepared BOLD Functional MRI at 7T
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| Olfaction is a fundamental sense that plays a vital role in daily life in humans, and can be altered in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using conventional echo-planar-imaging (EPI) based sequences can be challenging i... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Psychophysical evaluation of chemosensory functions 5 weeks after olfactory loss due to COVID-19: a prospective cohort study on 72 patients
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| PURPOSE: To evaluate the evolution of chemosensation via extended psychophysical testing in patients who suffered from sudden chemosensory loss due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, this study sought to determine whether odor threshold testing provided additional information on olfactory loss due to... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
"We will be in touch". A neuroscientific assessment of remote vs. face-to-face job interviews via EEG hyperscanning.
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| In the last decades, improving remote communications in companies has been a compelling issue. With the outspread of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this phenomenon has undergone an acceleration. Despite this, little to no research, considering neurocognitive and emotional systems, was conducted on job interview, a critical organ... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Genetic and epigenetic analyses of panic disorder in the post-GWAS era
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| Panic disorder (PD) is a common and debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by panic attacks coupled with excessive anxiety. Both genetic factors and environmental factors play an important role in PD pathogenesis and response to treatment. However, PD is clinically heterogeneous and genetically complex, a... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Submaximal Exercise Provokes Increased Activation of the Anterior Default Mode Network During the Resting State as a Biomarker of Postexertional Malaise in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
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| Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by disabling fatigue and postexertional malaise. We developed a provocation paradigm with two submaximal bicycle exercise stress tests on consecutive days bracketed by magnetic resonance imaging, orthostatic intolerance, and sympto... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Introduction to JINS Special Issue: Clarifying the Complexities of Cannabis and Cognition
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| Given the different goals of recreational cannabis users and medical patients, which drive cannabis product choice and use patterns, it is likely that those who use cannabis for medical purposes may experience differential effects on cognition. Potential moderators of cannabis-related effects One explanation for incons... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Olfactory Signatures in the Food Finding Test in Mice With Normal and Alzheimer’s Disease-Pathological Aging With Special Concerns on the Effects of Social Isolation
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| The temporal course and the severity of the involution of sensory systems through aging can be critical since they ensure the ability to perceive and recognize the world. In older people, sensory impairments significantly increase their risk of biological, psychological, and social impoverishment. Besides this, olfacto... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
The origins of cognitive dissonance: evidence from children and monkeys.
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| In a study exploring the origins of cognitive dissonance, preschoolers and capuchins were given a choice between two equally preferred alternatives (two different stickers and two differently colored M&M's, respectively). On the basis of previous research with adults, this choice was thought to cause dissonance because... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Supranuclear gaze disorders – How do I approach them?
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| Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative tauopathy. It is a rare neurodegenerative condition characterised by a range of motor and cognitive symptoms. Unfortunately, despite several promising pharmacological research approaches, including reducing levels of the toxic tau protein o... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Implementing the chick embryo model to study vestibular developmental disorders
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| Children with congenital vestibular disorders show delayed motor development and challenges in maintaining posture and balance. Computed tomography images reveal that these children have abnormal inner ears in the form of a sac, with the semicircular canals missing or truncated. Little is known about how this inner ear... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Temporal dynamics of resting EEG networks are associated with prosociality
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| As prosociality is key to facing many of our societies’ global challenges (such as fighting a global pandemic), we need to better understand why some individuals are more prosocial than others. The present study takes a neural trait approach, examining whether the temporal dynamics of resting EEG networks are associate... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Sex differences and similarities in the neuroimmune response to central administration of poly I:C
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| BACKGROUND: The neuroimmune system is required for normal neural processes, including modulation of cognition, emotion, and adaptive behaviors. Aberrant neuroimmune activation is associated with dysregulation of memory and emotion, though the precise mechanisms at play are complex and highly context dependent. Sex diff... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Can male mice develop preference towards gentle stroking by an experimenter?
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| Gentle stroking, a type of affective touch that holds hedonic and rewarding value, is critical to our daily inter-individual communication. This positive socio-emotional aspect of touch is conveyed through a subclass of C afferents known as C-Tactile fibers in humans with an analogous system in rodents proposed. Here, ... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Predictive semiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in an epilepsy monitoring unit
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| INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is a common clinical dilemma. We sought to assess the diagnostic value of four ictal signs commonly used in differentiating PNES from epileptic seizures (ES). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive adult video-electroencephalogram (VEM) s... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
The Role of Working Memory on Writing Processes
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| Literature has extensively demonstrated the coordination role of working memory (WM) in complex tasks such as writing. However, previous studies mostly concentrated on the relation between passive WM (e.g., WM span) components and specific writing tasks (e.g., dictation). Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship ... |
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### Response:
Low Basal CB2R in Dopamine Neurons and Microglia Influences Cannabinoid Tetrad Effects
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| There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. Hepatocytes and neurons express low baseline CB1R and C... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Tractostorm 2: Optimizing tractography dissection reproducibility with segmentation protocol dissemination
### Response:
| The segmentation of brain structures is a key component of many neuroimaging studies. Consistent anatomical definitions are crucial to ensure consensus on the position and shape of brain structures, but segmentations are prone to variation in their interpretation and execution. White‐matter (WM) pathways are global str... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Breathing Abnormalities During Sleep and Wakefulness in Rett Syndrome: Clinical Relevance and Paradoxical Relationship With Circulating Pro-oxidant Markers
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| BACKGROUND: Breathing abnormalities are common in Rett syndrome (RTT), a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder almost exclusively affecting females. RTT is linked to mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene. Our aim was to assess the clinical relevance of apneas during sleep-wakefulness cycle in a pop... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Electroencephalography-detected neurophysiology of internet addiction disorder and internet gaming disorder in adolescents-a review
### Response:
| Introduction: Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) is an umbrella term for various types of Internet-based behavioural addiction, whereas Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) addresses a specific type of IAD that is postulated to be due to a lack of control in impulse inhibition. IGD is an area of concern in the Diagnostic and ... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Elevated Gamma Connectivity in Nidopallium Caudolaterale of Pigeons during Spatial Path Adjustment
### Response:
| Previous studies showed that spatial navigation depends on a local network including multiple brain regions with strong interactions. However, it is still not fully understood whether and how the neural patterns in avian nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), which is suggested to play a key role in navigation as a higher co... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Visuomotor processing is altered after peripheral nerve damage in neuralgic amyotrophy
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| Neuralgic amyotrophy is a common peripheral nerve disorder caused by autoimmune inflammation of the brachial plexus, clinically characterized by acute pain and weakness of the shoulder muscles, followed by motor impairment. Despite recovery of the peripheral nerves, patients often have residual motor dysfunction of the... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Development of the neural correlates of self- and other-referential processing across adolescence.
### Response:
| During adolescence, major changes in brain mechanisms take place and differentiated representations of both the self and of others are developed. Although studies have investigated the neural mechanisms of self- and other-referential processing in adolescents, the development of these mechanisms remain largely unaddres... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Developmental onset of enduring long-term potentiation in mouse hippocampus
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| Analysis of long-term potentiation (LTP) provides a powerful window into cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. Prior work shows late LTP (L-LTP), lasting >3 hr, occurs abruptly at postnatal day 12 (P12) in the stratum radiatum of rat hippocampal area CA1. The goal here was to determine the developmental profile o... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Preference at First Sight: Effects of Shape and Font Qualities on Evaluation of Object-Word Pairs
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| Subjective preferences for visual qualities of shapes and fonts have been separately reported. Such preferences are often similarly attributed to factors such as aesthetic impressions, attributed meaning from the visual properties, or processing fluency. Because shapes and fonts were rarely studied together, we investi... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Phenotyping REM OSA by means of peripheral arterial tone-based home sleep apnea testing and polysomnography: A critical assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of both methods.
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| The clinical relevance of rapid eye movement sleep-related obstructive sleep apnea (REM OSA) is supported by its associated adverse health outcomes and impact on optimal treatment strategies. To date, no assessment of REM OSA phenotyping performance has been conducted for any type of sleep testing technology. The objec... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Is there a dysbiosis in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder compared to controls over the course of development? A systematic review.
### Response:
| Many scientific papers reported that an unbalanced gut microbiota could lead to or worsen neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). A dysbiosis may then be observed in the course of development and mark a dysfunction within what is called the gut-brain axis. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate potential evide... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Cannabinoid effects on responses to quantitative sensory testing among individuals with and without clinical pain: a systematic review.
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| There has been an explosion of interest in the utility of cannabinoids as potential analgesics. This systematic review critically synthesizes the evidence for cannabinoid analgesic effects on quantitative sensory testing outcomes in both healthy adults and patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Our systematic re... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
The Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test: Validity and Relationship with Cardiovascular Stress-Responses.
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| Self-report, i.e., explicit, measures of affect cannot fully explain the cardiovascular (CV) responses to stressors. Measuring affect beyond self-report, i.e., using implicit measures, could add to our understanding of stress-related CV activity. The Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT) was administered ... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Neural processes in antecedent anxiety modulate risk-taking behavior
### Response:
| Though real-world decisions are often made in the shadow of economic uncertainties, work problems, relationship troubles, existential angst, etc., the neural processes involved in this common experience remain poorly understood. Here, we randomly assigned participants (N = 97) to either a poignant experience of forecas... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
The differential effects of brief environmental enrichment following social isolation in rats
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| Environmental enrichment (EE) in rodents is associated with a wide range of physiological, affective, and cognitive benefits. A seemingly opposite housing condition, social isolation (SI), is used as a rodent model of stress, negatively affecting several neurobiological mechanisms and hampering cognitive performance. E... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Comparing the effects of vestibular rehabilitation with and without lavender oil scents as an olfactory stimulus on balance, fear of falling down and activities of daily living of people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial.
... | PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of using lavender oil as an olfactory stimulus with vestibular rehabilitation (VR) on balance, fear of falling down, and activities of daily living of people with multiple sclerosis. METHODS Forty participants were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental g... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Visual Affective Stimulus Database: A Validated Set of Short Videos
### Response:
| Two hundred and ninety-nine videos representing four categories (people, animals, objects, and scenes) were standardized using Adobe Premiere Pro CC 2018, with a unified duration of 3 s, a resolution of 1080 pixels/inch, and a size of 1920 × 1080 mm(2). One-hundred and sixteen participants (mean age 22.60 ± 2.06 years;... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Seizures alter cortical representations for complex movements
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| Alterations in the functional organization of motor cortex and interictal motor deficits are observed in people with epilepsy. While seizures in the rat lead to more cortical area devoted to simple cortical forelimb movement representations (motor maps) assessed using short-duration intracortical microstimulation (ICMS... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Neurodynamics of Patients during a Dolphin-Assisted Therapy by Means of a Fractal Intraneural Analysis
### Response:
| The recent proliferation of sensor technology applications in therapies for children’s disabilities to promote positive behavior among such children has produced optimistic results in developing a variety of skills and abilities in them. Dolphin-Assisted Therapy (DAT) has also become a topic of public and research inte... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Modulation of torque evoked by wide-pulse, high-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation and the potential implications for rehabilitation and training.
### Response:
| The effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for rehabilitation is proportional to the evoked torque. The progressive increase in torque (extra torque) that may develop in response to low intensity wide-pulse high-frequency (WPHF) NMES holds great promise for rehabilitation as it overcomes the main ... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Emotion Modulation through Music after Sadness Induction—The Iso Principle in a Controlled Experimental Study
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| Music therapy intervention manuals suggest that individuals who suffer from affective disorders benefit from listening to music according to the iso principle. The iso principle comprises listening to music that matches the current mood of patients at first, and then to gradually shift to music that represents a desire... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Visualizing Research Trends on Culture Neuroscience (2008–2021): A Bibliometric Analysis
### Response:
| Recently, cultural neuroscience has gained attention as a new, important, and interdisciplinary topic in the field of neuroscience. It helps us understand the interaction of cultural and biological factors over the course of life. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the field to readers and potential... |
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### Response:
Explicit and implicit measures of body ownership and agency: affected by the same manipulations and yet independent.
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| People are assumed to represent themselves in terms of body ownership and agency. Studies using the rubber- or virtual-hand illusion have assessed ownership and agency by means of explicit ownership and agency ratings and implicit measures, like proprioceptive drift in the case of ownership. These measures often show s... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Severity of gambling problems modulates autonomic reactions to near outcomes in gambling.
### Response:
| Outcomes in gambling games cannot only be classified based on their valence (wins and misses) but also based on their closeness (near and full outcomes). The present study investigated autonomic responses (phasic heart period changes and skin conductance responses) to near and full outcomes on a wheel of fortune in a s... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Functional connectivity underlying cognitive and psychiatric symptoms in post-COVID-19 syndrome: is anosognosia a key determinant?
### Response:
| Lack of awareness of cognitive impairment (i.e. anosognosia) could be a key factor for distinguishing between neuropsychological post-COVID-19 condition phenotypes. In this context, the 2-fold aim of the present study was to (i) establish the prevalence of anosognosia for memory impairment, according to the severity of... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ reduces alcohol drinking and seeking by modulating multiple mesocorticolimbic regions in rats
### Response:
| Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is an intracellular transcription factor whose signaling activation by the selective agonist pioglitazone reduces alcohol drinking and alcohol-seeking behavior in rats. The present study utilized the two-bottle choice and operant self-administration procedures to i... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
The effects of psychobiotics on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in early-life stress and neuropsychiatric disorders
### Response:
| Psychobiotics are considered among potential avenues for modulating the bidirectional communication between the intestinal and central nervous system, defined as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). Even though causality has not yet been established, intestinal dysbiosis has emerged as a hallmark of several diseases, ... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Cognitive Training with Neurofeedback Using fNIRS Improves Cognitive Function in Older Adults
### Response:
| This study examined the effects of a 4-week cognitive training program with neurofeedback (CT-NF) among 86 healthy adults (M = 66.34 years, range 54–84) randomized to either a treatment (app-based ABC games) or control (Tetris) group. Participants completed seven cognitive assessments, pre- and post-intervention, and m... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Digital Neuropsychological Assessment: New Technology for Measuring Subtle Neuropsychological Behavior.
### Response:
| Technology has transformed the science and practice of medicine. In this special mini-forum, data using digital neuropsychological technology are reported. All of these papers demonstrate how coupling digital technology with standard paper and pencil neuropsychological tests are able to extract behavior not otherwise o... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
The Gaze Cueing Effect and Its Enhancement by Facial Expressions Are Impacted by Task Demands: Direct Comparison of Target Localization and Discrimination Tasks
### Response:
| The gaze cueing effect is characterized by faster attentional orienting to a gazed-at than a non-gazed-at target. This effect is often enhanced when the gazing face bears an emotional expression, though this finding is modulated by a number of factors. Here, we tested whether the type of task performed might be one suc... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Social and emotional characteristics of girls and young women with DDX3X-associated intellectual disability: a descriptive and comparative study
### Response:
| DDX3X variants are a common cause of intellectual disability (ID) in females, and have been associated with autism spectrum disorder and emotional-behavioural difficulties. In this study, we compared phenotypic data for 23 females with DDX3X variants, to 23 females with ID and other genetic diagnoses. We found a wide r... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Neuromelanin-Sensitive MRI as a Marker of Dopamine Hyperactivity and CBT Response in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
### Response:
| Background: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) findings suggest that increased striatal dopamine neurotransmission may underlie Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in adults This is untested in pediatric OCD since PET is overly invasive and untenable for pediatric research Thus, we used neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-M... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Flexible Recruitments of Fundamental Muscle Synergies in the Trunk and Lower Limbs for Highly Variable Movements and Postures.
### Response:
| The extent to which muscle synergies represent the neural control of human behavior remains unknown. Here, we tested whether certain sets of muscle synergies that are fundamentally necessary across behaviors exist. We measured the electromyographic activities of 26 muscles, including bilateral trunk and lower limb musc... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Can electroencephalography (EEG) identify ADHD subtypes? A systematic review.
### Response:
| Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been associated with atypical patterns of neural activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG). However, the identification of EEG diagnostic biomarkers has been complicated by the disorder's heterogeneity. The objective of this review was to synthesize the litera... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness disrupts auditory responses beyond primary cortex.
### Response:
| Despite its ubiquitous use in medicine, and extensive knowledge of its molecular and cellular effects, how anesthesia induces loss of consciousness (LOC) and affects sensory processing remains poorly understood. Specifically, it is unclear whether anesthesia primarily disrupts thalamocortical relay or intercortical sig... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor in Neurodegenerative Disorders
### Response:
| Globally, neurodegenerative diseases cause a significant degree of disability and distress. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), primarily found in the brain, has a substantial role in the development and maintenance of various nerve roles and is associated with the family of neurotrophins, including neuronal grow... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Volumetric alteration of olfactory bulb and immune-related molecular changes in olfactory epithelium in first episode psychosis patients
### Response:
| Background Olfactory dysfunction has been reproducibly reported in patients with psychosis, including first episode psychosis (FEP) patients. Consistently, structural abnormalities in the olfactory bulb (OB), a key region of the peripheral olfactory system, have also been reported in psychotic disorders. Meanwhile, air... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Animal modeling of lower urinary tract dysfunction associated with multiple sclerosis: Part I: Justification of the mouse model for MS research.
### Response:
| Lower urinary tract symptoms and dysfunction (LUTS/LUTD) contribute to loss of quality of life, morbidity, and need for medical intervention in most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although MS is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease, clinical manifestations including continence control disorders have tradit... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Chronic Administration of 7,8-DHF Lessens the Depression-like Behavior of Juvenile Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Treated Rats at Their Adult Age
### Response:
| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among the global youth and commonly results in long-lasting sequelae, including paralysis, epilepsy, and a host of mental disorders such as major depressive disorder. Previous studies were mainly focused on severe TBI as it occurs in adults. Thi... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Different dendritic domains of the GnRH neuron underlie the pulse and surge modes of GnRH secretion in female mice
### Response:
| The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons exhibit pulse and surge modes of activity to control fertility They also exhibit an unusual bipolar morphology comprised of a classical soma-proximal dendritic zone and an elongated secretory process that can operate as both a dendrite and an axon, termed a 'dendro... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Clinical neuropsychology in Canada: results from the 2020 AACN, NAN, SCN professional practice and "salary survey".
### Response:
| Objective: The current study summarizes the results of a 2020 survey that solicited information regarding backgrounds, beliefs, practices, and incomes of clinical neuropsychologists who practice in Canada. Methods: Clinical neuropsychologists who practice in Canada were invited to participate in an online survey that w... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Whole-Language and Item-Specific Inhibition in Bilingual Language Switching: The Role of Domain-General Inhibitory Control.
### Response:
| A prominent theory of bilingual speech production holds that appropriate language selection is achieved via inhibitory control. Such inhibition may operate on the whole-language and/or item-specific level. In this study, we examined these two levels of control in parallel, by introducing a novel element into the tradit... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Aerobic Fitness, B-Vitamins, and Weight Status Are Related to Selective Attention in Children
### Response:
| There is an increasing prevalence of poor health behaviors during childhood, particularly in terms of physical activity and nutrition. This trend has occurred alongside a growing body of evidence linking these behaviors to cognitive function. B-vitamins are thought to be particularly important in the neural development... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Effects of chronic methamphetamine abuse on the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and Bruch's membrane opening minimum rim width.
### Response:
| BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (Meth) is a highly addictive and hallucinogenic agent which is used as the second most common illicit drug globally. Meth could affect the retina and optic nerve by inducing the release of vasoconstrictive agents such as endothelin 1 and induction of severe oxidative stress with accumulation ... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
PART 2: Mouse models for multiple sclerosis research.
### Response:
| Lower urinary tract symptoms and dysfunction (LUTS/LUTD) contribute to loss of quality of life, morbidity, and need for medical intervention in most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although MS is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease, clinical manifestations including continence control disorders have tradit... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: A cross-sectional multicohort study in the general population
### Response:
| Psychopathology and cognitive development are closely related. Assessing the relationship between multiple domains of psychopathology and cognitive performance can elucidate which cognitive tasks are related to specific domains of psychopathology. This can help build theory and improve clinical decision-making in the f... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Elevated viral restriction factor levels in cortical blood vessels in schizophrenia.
### Response:
| BACKGROUND Higher tissue transcript levels of immune-related markers-including the recently discovered viral restriction factor interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM), which inhibits viral entry and replication-have been reported in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Interestingly, mouse models of neuroi... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Protocol for psychometric evaluation of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Bulbar Dysfunction Index (ALS-BDI): a prospective longitudinal study
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| INTRODUCTION: Early detection and tracking of bulbar dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are critical for directing management of the disease. Current clinical bulbar assessment tools are lacking, while existing physiological instrumental assessments are often inaccessible and cost-prohibitive for clinic... |
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Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia
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| To date, studies have not established whether autistic and non-autistic individuals differ in emotion recognition from facial motion cues when matched in terms of alexithymia. Here, autistic and non-autistic adults (N = 60) matched on age, gender, non-verbal reasoning ability and alexithymia, completed an emotion recog... |
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Incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy following paediatric traumatic brain injury: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
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| INTRODUCTION Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a recognised complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is associated with higher rates of mortality and morbidity when compared with patients with TBI who do not develop PTE. The majority of the literature on PTE has focused on adult populations, and consequently th... |
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Abnormal rich club organization in end-stage renal disease patients before dialysis initiation and undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
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| BACKGROUND End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are at a substantially higher risk for developing cognitive impairment compared with the healthy population. Dialysis is an essential way to maintain the life of ESRD patients. Based on previous research, there isn't an uncontested result whether cognition was improved... |
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Association of General Cognitive Functions with Gaming Use in Young Adults: A Comparison among Excessive Gamers, Regular Gamers and Non-Gamers
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| This study aimed to examine the relationship of general cognitive function with gaming use, and to identify elements of intelligence predicting increased gaming use. In total, 160 young adults participated in this study. Two clinical groups (n = 97) were defined: excessive gaming users diagnosed with internet gaming di... |
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Abnormal corneal nerve morphology and brain volume in patients with schizophrenia.
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| Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative pathology occur in Schizophrenia. This study compared the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), an ophthalmic imaging technique with MRI brain volumetry in quantifying neuronal pathology and its relationship to cognitive dysfunction and symptom severity in schizophrenia.... |
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Brain to Music: Musical Representation from Stress-Induced EEG
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| The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic is making the social problem of stress-induced depression even more serious This so-called the Coronavirus Blues has been bringing high level of stress to many people and in turn they are suffering worse and worse changes in their daily lives This study is designed to resolve these socia... |
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New Frontiers for Deep Brain Stimulation: Directionality, Sensing Technologies, Remote Programming, Robotic Stereotactic Assistance, Asleep Procedures, and Connectomics
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| Over the last few years, while expanding its clinical indications from movement disorders to epilepsy and psychiatry, the field of deep brain stimulation (DBS) has seen significant innovations. Hardware developments have introduced directional leads to stimulate specific brain targets and sensing electrodes to determin... |
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Changes of central noradrenaline transporter availability in immunotherapy-naïve multiple sclerosis patients
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| The neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) mediates arousal, attention and mood, and exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Alterations of monoamine signalling were reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) and psychiatric illness and may account for the high prevalence of comorbid depression and fatigue in MS pa... |
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Brainstem Abnormalities in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Scoping Review and Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
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| Background: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a multisystem medical condition with heterogeneous symptom expression. Currently, there is no effective cure or treatment for the standard care of patients. A variety of ME/CFS symptoms can be linked to the vital life functions of the brainstem,... |
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Mild poikilocapnic hypoxia increases very low frequency haemoglobin oxygenation oscillations in prefrontal cortex
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| BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of mild cerebral hypoxia on haemoglobin oxygenation (HbO(2)), cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and cardiovascular physiology. To achieve this goal, four signals were recorded simultaneously: blood pressure, heart rate / electrocardiogram, HbO(2) from right hemi... |
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Editorial: Animal Models of Stress - Current Knowledge and Potential Directions
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| Finding new therapies and new antidepressant agents is of high clinical priority given that many cases of depressive disorder do not respond to conventional monoaminergic antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors The authors demonstrated... |
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Immunoceptive inference: why are psychiatric disorders and immune responses intertwined?
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| There is a steadily growing literature on the role of the immune system in psychiatric disorders. So far, these advances have largely taken the form of correlations between specific aspects of inflammation (e.g. blood plasma levels of inflammatory markers, genetic mutations in immune pathways, viral or bacterial infect... |
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The influence of common, CNS-acting, drug prescriptions on outcomes from an intensive upper-limb rehabilitation program
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| Difficulty using the upper-limb is a major barrier to independence for many patients post-stroke or brain injury. High dose rehabilitation can result in clinically significant improvements in function even years after the incident, however there is still high variability in patient responsiveness to such interventions ... |
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Timing estimation for gait in water from inertial sensor measurements: Analysis of the performance of 17 algorithms.
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| BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Walking in water is used for rehabilitation in different pathological conditions. For the characterization of gait alterations related to pathology, gait timing assessment is of primary importance. With the widespread use of inertial sensors, several algorithms have been proposed for gait timi... |
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Visual abilities in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder: Preserved spatial but impaired temporal resolution
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| Visuospatial impairments have long been reported in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder but remain poorly understood, notably regarding the involvement of magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) pathways. This empirical gap hampers the understanding of the implications of these visual changes, especially since the MC and PC ... |
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Monitoring Cognitive Performance with a Serious Game: A Longitudinal Case Study on Online Cognitive Assessment Using Serious Games
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| This case study involves: the design and evaluation of serious games;the use of longitudinal research and remote testing in an international setting. Current methods for cognitive assessment tend to be inconvenient, costly and infrequently performed. This is unfortunate because cognitive assessment is an important tool... |
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Experimental increase of blood glucose alters resting state EEG measures of excitation-inhibition balance.
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| NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Glucose is the dominant energy source for the brain. However, little is known about how glucose metabolism impacts the coordination of network activity in the brain in healthy adults. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrate that both alpha osc... |
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Purkinje cell axonal swellings enhance action potential fidelity and cerebellar function.
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| Axonal plasticity allows neurons to control their output, which critically determines the flow of information in the brain. Axon diameter can be regulated by activity, yet how morphological changes in an axon impact its function remains poorly understood. Axonal swellings have been found on Purkinje cell axons in the c... |
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Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for prevention of migraine: The multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled PREMIUM II trial.
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| AIM Evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for migraine prevention. METHODS After completing a 4-week diary run-in period, adults who had migraine with or without aura were randomly assigned to receive active non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation or sham therapy during a 12-week double-... |
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Effect of health warning labels on motivation towards energy-dense snack foods: Two experimental studies.
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| Health warning labels (HWLs) show promise in reducing motivation towards energy-dense snack foods. Understanding the underlying mechanisms could optimise their effectiveness. In two experimental studies in general population samples (Study 1 n = 90; Study 2 n = 1382), we compared the effects of HWLs and irrelevant aver... |
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Association of pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension with olfactory performance
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| OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between pediatric Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and olfactory performance. METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted including 17 patients under 18 years diagnosed with IIH at a tertiary hospital and 17 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects. All partici... |
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Smo-Shh Agonist Purmorphamine Prevents Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Defects in 8-OH-DPAT-Induced Experimental Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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| Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by repetitive, unwanted thoughts and behavior due to abnormal neuronal corticostriatal-thalamocortical pathway and other neurochemical changes. Purmorphamine is a smoothened-sonic-hedgehog agonist that has a protective effect against many neurological dis... |
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Methods and strategies of tDCS for the treatment of pain: current status and future directions
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| INTRODUCTION: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique which has been widely studied for the treatment of chronic pain. It is considered a promising and safe alternative pain therapy. Different targets have been tested, each having their own particular mechanisms for mo... |
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Implantable brain-computer interface for neuroprosthetic-enabled volitional hand grasp restoration in spinal cord injury.
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| Loss of hand function after cervical spinal cord injury severely impairs functional independence. We describe a method for restoring volitional control of hand grasp in one 21-year-old male subject with complete cervical quadriplegia (C5 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A) using a portable fully impl... |
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Asymmetry of Brain Excitability: A New Biomarker that Predicts Objective and Subjective Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis.
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| OBJECTIVES Investigate whether asymmetrical corticospinal excitability exists in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and its association with MS symptoms. METHODS Bilateral resting and active motor thresholds (RMT, AMT) were gathered using transcranial magnetic stimulation among 82 MS patients. Corticospinal excitability (CSE) asy... |
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Long-term potentiation is independent of the C-tail of the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit
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| We tested the proposal that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the AMPAR subunit GluA1 is required for LTP. We found that a knock-in mouse lacking the CTD of GluA1 expresses normal LTP and spatial memory, assayed by the Morris water maze. Our results support a model in which LTP generates synaptic slots, which capture pass... |
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Balancing act: Neural correlates of affect dysregulation in youth depression and substance use - A systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies.
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| Both depression and substance use problems have their highest incidence during youth (i.e., adolescence and emerging adulthood), and are characterized by emotion regulation deficits. Influential neurodevelopmental theories suggest that alterations in the function of limbic and frontal regions render youth susceptible t... |
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