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Bridging Disciplines: Applications of Forensic Science and Industrial Hemp
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| Forensic laboratories are required to have analytical tools to confidently differentiate illegal substances such as marijuana from legal products (i.e., industrial hemp). The Achilles heel of industrial hemp is its association with marijuana. Industrial hemp from the Cannabis sativa L. plant is reported to be one of th... |
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Characterizing heat mitigation strategies utilized by beef processors in the United States
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| During lairage at slaughter plants, cattle can be exposed to extreme heat conditions from pen densities and holding pen microclimates. While research outlining heat mitigation strategies used in other sectors of the beef supply chain is available, there is no published data on the use of heat mitigation strategies at s... |
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Evaluation of Different Interstimulus Rinse Protocols on Smoke Attribute Perception in Wildfire-Affected Wines.
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| Wildfires produce smoke that can carry organic compounds to a vineyard, which are then absorbed by the grape berry and result in wines with elevated levels of smoke-related phenols. These phenols have been found to have a large impact on the flavor of wines, being the cause of a smokey flavor with a lasting ashy aftert... |
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Evaluating the contribution of synthetic fungicides to cereal plant health and CO2 reduction targets against the backdrop of the increasingly complex regulatory environment in Europe
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| The global COVID pandemic has impacted the world in ways and at a scale that few could have predicted, with many industries severely disrupted. Despite this, crops were sown and harvested, food was produced and agriculture continued to function, albeit it with many logistical challenges. Plant health lies at the heart ... |
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Lessons and surprises from an inter- island re-introduction of the critically endangered raso lark alauda razae of cape verde
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| Confined to a single island where its small population fluctuates in response to rainfall, the Raso lark is likely to remain Critically Endangered unless a second population becomes established This paper reports translocations of larks, 37 in 2018 and 33 in 2019, to the nearby island of Santa Luzia where the species e... |
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Long-Term Monitoring of Amphibian Populations of a National Park in Northern Spain Reveals Negative Persisting Effects of Ranavirus, but Not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
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| Amphibians are the most highly threatened vertebrates, and emerging pathogens are a serious threat to their conservation. Amphibian chytrid fungi and the viruses of the Ranavirus genus are causing disease outbreaks worldwide, including in protected areas such as National Parks. However, we lack information about their ... |
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Ranking the risk of animal-to-human spillover for newly discovered viruses
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| The death toll and economic loss resulting from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are stark reminders that we are vulnerable to zoonotic viral threats. Strategies are needed to identify and characterize animal viruses that pose the greatest risk of spillover and spread in humans ... |
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Bird-window collisions: Mitigation efficacy and risk factors across two years
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| BACKGROUND: Research on bird-window collision mitigation is needed to prevent up to a billion bird fatalities yearly in the U.S. At the University of Utah campus (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA), past research documented collisions, especially for Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) drawn to fruiting ornamental pears in wi... |
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Roadmap to sustainable carbon-neutral energy and environment: can we cross the barrier of biomass productivity?
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| The total number of inhabitants on the Earth is estimated to cross a record number of 9 × 10(3) million by 2050 that present a unique challenge to provide energy and clean environment to every individual. The growth in population results in a change of land use, and greenhouse gas emission due to increased industrializ... |
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Heat stress effects on bovine sperm cells: a chronological approach to early findings.
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| Testicular heat stress affects sperm quality and fertility. However, the chronology of these effects is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to establish the early sequential effects of heat stress in bull sperm quality. Semen and blood samples of Nellore breed bulls were collected and distributed into control an... |
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Combination of Multiple Microsatellite Analysis and Genome-Wide SNP Genotyping Helps to Solve Wildlife Crime: A Case Study of Poaching of a Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica) in Russian Mountain National Park
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| SIMPLE SUMMARY: DNA molecular techniques, including multiple microsatellite analysis and genome-wide SNP-genotyping, were used to unlock and prove the poaching of wild goats (Capra caucasica) in an area of the Caucasian mountains in Russia. ABSTRACT: Poaching is one of the major types of wildlife crime in Russia. Remna... |
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Mobilome-driven segregation of the resistome in biological wastewater treatment
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| Biological wastewater treatment plants (BWWTP) are considered to be hotspots of evolution and subsequent spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) promote the mobilization and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and are thereby critical mediators of AMR within the BWWTP... |
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Grasping at digitalisation: turning imagination into fact in the sugarcane farming community
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| Nutrient runoff from catchments that drain into the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is a significant source of stress for this World Heritage Area. An alliance of collaborative on-ground water quality monitoring (Project 25) and technologically driven digital application development (Digiscape GBR) projects were formulated to... |
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Comparative Analysis of Microbial Consortiums and Nanoparticles for Rehabilitating Petroleum Waste Contaminated Soils
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| Nano-bioremediation application is an ecologically and environmentally friendly technique to overcome the catastrophic situation in soil because of petroleum waste contamination. We evaluated the efficiency of oil-degrading bacterial consortium and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with or without fertilizer to remediate so... |
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Wheat yield potential in controlled-environment vertical farms.
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| Scaling current cereal production to a growing global population will be a challenge. Wheat supplies approximately one-fifth of the calories and protein for human diets. Vertical farming is a possible promising option for increasing future wheat production. Here we show that wheat grown on a single hectare of land in a... |
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Mapping the Distributions of Mosquitoes and Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in China
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| The geographic expansion of mosquitos is associated with a rising frequency of outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) worldwide. We collected occurrence locations and times of mosquito species, mosquito-borne arboviruses, and MBDs in the mainland of China in 1954−2020. We mapped the spatial distributions of mosquit... |
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Consumption and ocurrence of antidepressants (SSRIs) in pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic, their environmental impact and innovative removal methods: A review
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| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are pharmaceuticals whose consumption has increased significantly. They are prescribed as first-line treatment in mental disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, and anxiety; also, they are indicated as adjuvants in diseases such as fibromyalg... |
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Natural history of social and sexual behavior in fruit flies
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| The past 2 decades have seen fruit flies being widely adopted for research on social behavior and aggression. This fruitful research, however, has not been well tied to fruit flies’ natural history. To address this knowledge gap, I conducted a field study. My goal was to inform future research conducted in artificial s... |
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Feeding ecology of bonobos living in forest‐savannah mosaics: Diet seasonal variation and importance of fallback foods
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| Primates along with many other animal taxa are forced to cope with large shifts in basic ecological conditions because of rapid anthropogenically induced changes of their habitats. One of the coping strategies for primates is to adjust their diet to these changes, and several studies have demonstrated the importance of... |
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Variability of metabolic, protective, antioxidant, and lysosomal gene transcriptional profiles and microbiota composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis farmed in the North Adriatic Sea (Italy)
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| This study evaluates the transcriptional profiles of genes related to physiological responses in digestive glands (DG) of Mytilus galloprovincialis under the influence of seasonal changes of environmental variables, gender bias, and gonadal development. Composition of the DG microbiome was also explored. Mussels were c... |
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Bovine Immunology: Implications for Dairy Cattle
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| The growing world population (7.8 billion) exerts an increased pressure on the cattle industry amongst others. Intensification and expansion of milk and beef production inevitably leads to increased risk of infectious disease spread and exacerbation. This indicates that improved understanding of cattle immune function ... |
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Let more big fish sink: Fisheries prevent blue carbon sequestration—half in unprofitable areas
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| Contrary to most terrestrial organisms, which release their carbon into the atmosphere after death, carcasses of large marine fish sink and sequester carbon in the deep ocean. Yet, fisheries have extracted a massive amount of this “blue carbon,” contributing to additional atmospheric CO(2) emissions. Here, we used hist... |
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Phylogeny matters: revisiting ‘a comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses’
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| Diseases emerging from wildlife have been the source of many major human outbreaks. Predicting key sources of these outbreaks requires an understanding of the factors that explain pathogen diversity in reservoir species. Comparative methods are powerful tools for understanding variation in pathogen diversity and rely o... |
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Predicting the global mammalian viral sharing network using phylogeography
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| Understanding interspecific viral transmission is key to understanding viral ecology and evolution, disease spillover into humans, and the consequences of global change. Prior studies have uncovered macroecological drivers of viral sharing, but analyses have never attempted to predict viral sharing in a pan-mammalian c... |
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Early Life Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neonatal Dairy Calves Promotes Growth Performance and Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Weaning
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| SIMPLE SUMMARY: Neonatal dairy calves born with an immature immune system and gut microbiota are exposed to several stressors they have to overcome early in life. Therefore, we proposed the use of gut microbiota from a pre-screened healthy adult donor adapted to the local pathogen load to perform a fecal microbiota tra... |
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Aluminum bioconcentration in female Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) and the effects on pituitary gonadotropins.
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| In this study, we measured aluminum (Al) bioconcentration in the brain, ovaries, and liver of Oreochromis niloticus females, and analyzed the effects of exposure to Al and acidic pH on the gene expression of follicle-stimulating hormone (βfsh) and luteinizing hormone (βlh) in these animals. Mature females were divided ... |
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Rapid genomic convergent evolution in experimental populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
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| Although rapid phenotypic evolution has been documented often, the genomic basis of rapid adaptation to natural environments is largely unknown in multicellular organisms. Population genomic studies of experimental populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) provide a unique opportunity to study this pheno... |
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How Cellular Agriculture Systems Can Promote Food Security
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| Cellular agriculture, the manufacturing of animal-sourced foods by cell cultures, may promote food security by providing a food source that is available, accessible, utilized, and stable. The extent to which cellular agriculture can promote food security, however, will depend in part on the supply system by which it pr... |
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Comprehensive pollution monitoring of the Egyptian Red Sea coast by using the environmental indicators.
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| The environmental pollution indicators and multivariate statistical analysis were used to evaluate the potential ecological risk and the contamination of Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Co in surface sediments of the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The results revealed that the studied area suffers from high contamination of c... |
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Impacto Da Iatf (inseminação Artificial Em Tempo Fixo) Sobre Características De Importância Econômica Em Bovinos Nelore
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| A produção de carne no Brasil cresce constantemente, assim como as exigências do mercado e dos consumidores, que fazem a pecuária de corte estar sempre em busca de estratégias tecnológicas e de manejo para garantir maior retorno econômico da atividade. Aliado ao melhoramento genético, o uso da inseminação artificial em... |
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Efficacy of aggregation nano gel pheromone traps on the catchability of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) in Egypt
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| Abstract Field experiments were carried out in the reclaimed land east of Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Village of Wardan, Giza Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the impact of using nano-gels pheromone for the first time on the attraction of the RPW adults by pheromone traps compared to the control which is normal pherom... |
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The interactive effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and light on heterotrophic bacteria and microalgae associated with marine aggregates in nearshore waters
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| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2) are emerging contaminants and the ecological impact of these materials to the nearshore environment is largely unknown. The reactivity of n-TiO2 increases with light exposure, and the photocatalytic effects have been shown on cultures of bacteria and microalgae in the laboratory.... |
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Increasing the Awareness of Animal Welfare Science in Marine Mammal Conservation: Addressing Language, Translation and Reception Issues
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| SIMPLE SUMMARY: Traditional conservation strategy focuses on population-level effects. However, the rapidly evolving scientific discipline of animal welfare science, in conjunction with growing societal expectations around the value of individuals, is prompting change in conservation. Despite growing recognition of thi... |
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Combined Selenium and Zinc Biofortification of Bread-Making Wheat under Mediterranean Conditions
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| Millions of people worldwide have an inadequate intake of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), and agronomic biofortification may minimise these problems. To evaluate the efficacy of combined foliar Se and Zn fertilisation in bread making wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a two-year field experiment was established in southern Spa... |
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Distribution of microplastic and small macroplastic particles across four fish species and sediment in an African lake
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| Pollution with microplastics has become an environmental concern worldwide. Yet, little information is available on the distribution of microplastics in lakes. Lake Ziway is one of the largest lakes in Ethiopia and is known for its fishing and drinking water supply. This study aims to examine the distribution of plasti... |
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Removing politics from innovations that improve food security
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| Genetically modified (GM) organisms and crops have been a feature of food production for over 30 years. Despite extensive science-based risk assessment, the public and many politicians remain concerned with the genetic manipulation of crops, particularly food crops. Many governments have addressed public concern throug... |
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First comprehensive ecological checklist of Brachyura in Korea: 1879-2020.
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| The increasing concerns and management needs on marine biodiversity have escalated the requirement for timely documentation of the marine taxa. We first established a comprehensive ecological checklist of Korean Brachyura through a meta-analysis of 74 documents (since the 1870s). A total of 247 species inhabiting the K... |
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Risk factors for bobby calf mortality across the New Zealand dairy supply chain
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| The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for morbidity and mortality of bobby calves across the whole dairy supply chain in New Zealand. A case-control study was carried out in the 2016 spring calving season. A total of 194 bobby calves, comprising 38 cases (calves that died or were condemned for health... |
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“Phytopathological strolls” in the dual context of COVID‐19 lockdown and IYPH2020: Transforming constraints into an opportunity for public education about plant pathogens
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| The experience presented here relates to 2020, a particularly timely year for plant disease‐related communication (International Year of Plant Health, IYPH2020), but also a unique year because of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our goal was to illustrate the diversity and beauty of fungal plant pathogens through a naturalist ap... |
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Heavy metals contamination and associated health risks in food webs—a review focuses on food safety and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh
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| Heavy metals occur naturally in very small amounts in living organisms, but exposure to their higher concentrations is hazardous. Heavy metals at hazardous levels are commonly found in foodstuffs of Bangladesh, mainly due to the lack of safety guidelines and poor management of industrial effluents. Several lines of evi... |
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Molecular Genetic Insights on Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) Ecology and Conservation in Namibia
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| The extent and geographic patterns of molecular genetic diversity of the largest remaining free-ranging cheetah population were described in a survey of 313 individuals from throughout Namibia. Levels of relatedness, including paternity/maternity (parentage), were assessed across all individuals using 19 polymorphic mi... |
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Environmental Factors Variably Impact Tea Secondary Metabolites in the Context of Climate Change.
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| Climate change is impacting food and beverage crops around the world with implications for environmental and human well-being. While numerous studies have examined climate change effects on crop yields, relatively few studies have examined effects on crop quality (concentrations of nutrients, minerals, and secondary me... |
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How Can We Act to Mitigate the Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change?
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| PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this manuscript is to identify dietary and active transport strategies that reduce greenhouse gases and obesity, and thereby mitigate the effects of climate change on crop yields and micronutrient content. RECENT FINDINGS This report builds on our earlier publication that described the Glo... |
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A comprehensive dataset of Avena sativa L. landraces phenotypes and genotype
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| The world germplasm collection of the genus Avena contains about 130,000 accessions, of which more than half are cultivated forms. Collection and sharing of passport data and phenotypic traits is carried out by most gene banks. However, genetic data for the stored accessions are rarely collected and provided. We presen... |
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Estimated Effects of Projected Climate Change on the Basic Reproductive Number of the Lyme Disease Vector Ixodes scapularis
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| Background: The extent to which climate change may affect human health by increasing risk from vector-borne diseases has been under considerable debate. Objectives: We quantified potential effects of future climate change on the basic reproduction number (R(0)) of the tick vector of Lyme disease, Ixodes scapularis, and... |
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Composition, sources, abundance and seasonality of Marine Litter in the Çakalburnu lagoon coast of Aegean Sea
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| The Aegean Sea is one of the most contaminated by marine litter (ML) in the World. In this study, the Turkish Aegean Region was evaluated in light of the sources, abundance and composition of ML along Çakalburnu Lagoon coast. Macroscopic ML with > 3 cm was collected and separated into composition and sources categories... |
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Live wildlife trade in markets - a scoping review to inform risk assessment of emerging infectious diseases
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| Wet markets are important for food security in many regions worldwide but have come under scrutiny due to their potential role in the emergence of infectious diseases. The sale of live wildlife has been highlighted as a particular risk, and the World Health Organisation has called for the banning of live, wild-caught m... |
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The Comparison of Semen Collection in Electroejaculation, Rectal Massage and Combination of Both Methods in the Critically Endangered Malayan Pangolin, Manis javanica
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| SIMPLE SUMMARY: Semen collection is one of the first few foundational steps towards Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), however it is rarely conducted in the Malayan pangolin, Manis javanica. Semen was successfully retrieved in pangolins mainly via electroejaculation with the animal under general anesthesia, though... |
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Metals in Wild and Cultured Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) from Fish Markets in Sinop: Consumer’s Health Risk Assessment
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| Concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn were determined in the muscles of wild and farmed European seabass in Sinop markets between September and December in 2020, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion. In the study, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu... |
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Distribution of trace metals in a soil-tea leaves-tea infusion system: characteristics, translocation and health risk assessment.
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| The effects of metal pollution on tea are of great concern to consumers. We apply Geographic information systems technology to study the distribution of heavy metal elements in tea plantation ecosystems in Jiangsu Province, explore the relationships among metals in the soil, tea leaves and tea infusions, and assess the... |
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Gut microbiome-mediated metabolism effects on immunity in rural and urban African populations
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| The human gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important factor in modulating innate and adaptive immunity through release of ligands and metabolites that translocate into circulation. Urbanizing African populations harbor large intestinal diversity due to a range of lifestyles, providing the necessary varia... |
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Melanic pigmentation and light preference within and between two Drosophila species
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| Environmental adaptation and species divergence often involve suites of co‐evolving traits. Pigmentation in insects presents a variable, adaptive, and well‐characterized class of phenotypes for which correlations with multiple other traits have been demonstrated. In Drosophila, the pigmentation genes ebony and tan have... |
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Cell surface carbohydrates of symbiotic dinoflagellates and their role in the establishment of cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis
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| Symbiodiniaceae algae are often photosymbionts of reef-building corals. The establishment of their symbiosis resembles a microbial infection where eukaryotic pattern recognition receptors (e.g. lectins) are thought to recognize a specific range of taxon-specific microbial-associated molecular patterns (e.g. glycans). T... |
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What’s left in the tank? Identification of non-ascribed aquarium’s coral collections with DNA barcodes as part of an integrated diagnostic approach
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| The unprecedented threats to coral reef ecosystems from global climate change require an urgent response from the aquarium community, which is becoming an increasingly vital coral conservation resource. Unfortunately, many hermatypic corals in aquaria are not identified to species level, which hinders assessment of the... |
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Foetal growth, birth size and energetic cost of gestation in southern right whales
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| KEY POINTS: Baleen whales exhibit some of the fastest foetal growth rates in the animal kingdom. Despite this, the energetic cost of gestation is largely unknown, as well as the influence of maternal body size on foetal growth rates and calf birth sizes. We combined historical whaling records and drone photogrammetry d... |
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Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from diseased freshwater goldfish.
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| Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment lead to the major crisis of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. We have isolated diverse enterobacteriaceae groups which affect the goldfish and identi... |
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Pseudohydrosme bogneri sp. nov. (Araceae), a spectacular Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) species from Gabon, long confused with Anchomanes nigritianus
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| A Gabonese taxon cultivated for decades in the botanic gardens of Europe as Anchomanes nigritianus is shown to be a new species to science, and on current evidence, is best placed as the fourth species of the Gabonese-centred, poorly known genus Pseudohydrosme. Data on the morphological separation between Anchomanes an... |
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Phosphorus sources and gypsum in a mixed pasture grown in a Dark Red Latosol/ Aplicação de fontes de fósforo e gesso em uma pastagem consorciada estabelecida em um latossolo vermelho-escuro
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| A field experiment to study the effects of phosphorus and gypsum sources in a mixed pasture was carried out at the Animal Husbandry Experimental Station located in Colina, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The pasture had pangolagrass mixed with siratro, perennial soybean and centro. The soil was a Dark Red Latosol (Oxisol).... |
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Limited mass-independent individual variation in resting metabolic rate in a wild population of snow voles (Chionomys nivalis).
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| Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a potentially important axis of physiological adaptation to the thermal environment. However, our understanding of the causes and consequences of individual variation in RMR in the wild is hampered by a lack of data, as well as analytical challenges. RMR measurements in the wild are gene... |
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Armillifer-Infected Snakes Sold at Congolese Bushmeat Markets Represent an Emerging Zoonotic Threat
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| African pythons (Pythonidae) and large vipers (Bitis spp.) act as definitive hosts for Armillifer armillatus and Armillifer grandis parasites (Crustacea: Pentastomida) in the Congo Basin. Since the proportion of snakes in bushmeat gradually increases, human pentastomiasis is an emerging zoonotic disease. To substantiat... |
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Dry matter and crude protein in situ degradability of rice meal, wheat meal, corn and oat seed - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i2.224/ Degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca e da proteína bruta do farelo de arroz, farelo de trigo, grão de ... | The objective of this work was to determine the ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of maize grain (MG), oat grain (OG), wheat meal (WM) and rice meal (RM). The in situ technique was used with nylon bag, and the 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours intervals of ruminal incubation were evalua... |
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Noninvasively measured immune responses reflect current parasite infections in a wild carnivore and are linked to longevity
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| Host immune defenses are important components of host–parasite interactions that affect the outcome of infection and may have fitness consequences for hosts when increased allocation of resources to immune responses undermines other essential life processes. Research on host–parasite interactions in large free‐ranging ... |
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A Pragmatic Approach to Adverse Outcome Pathway Development and Evaluation
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| The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework provides a practical means for organizing scientific knowledge that can be used to infer cause-effect relationships between stressor events and toxicity outcomes in intact organisms. It has reached wide acceptance as a tool to aid chemical safety assessment and regulatory tox... |
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Reduced human activity in shallow reefs during the COVID-19 pandemic increases fish evenness. (Special Issue: Conservation and ecological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.)
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| The COVID-19 pandemic provides a rare opportunity to examine effects of people on natural systems and processes. Here, we collected fish diversity data from coral reefs at the Israeli Gulf of Aqaba during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. We examined beach entrances to the reef, nearby shallow reefs and deeper areas exp... |
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Ecology of the collapse of Rapa Nui society.
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| Collapses of food producer societies are recurrent events in prehistory and have triggered a growing concern for identifying the underlying causes of convergences/divergences across cultures around the world. One of the most studied and used as a paradigmatic case is the population collapse of the Rapa Nui society. Her... |
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Endophytic Fungal Terpenoids: Natural Role and Bioactivities
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| Endophytic fungi are a highly diverse group of fungi that intermittently colonize all plants without causing symptoms of the disease. They sense and respond to physiological and environmental changes of their host plant and microbiome. The inter-organism interactions are largely driven by chemical networks mediated by ... |
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Preface: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Bioscience and Biotechnology (4th ICBB 2021), 21st-23rd September 2021
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| Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D. Chairman of 4th ICBB 2021 This issue of IOP conference proceedings contains papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Bioscience and Biotechnology (ICBB) 2021. The ICBB is an annual international conference since 2018 that was initiated by Prof Ir H Sunarpi PhD... |
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Did Wheat Breeding Simultaneously Alter Grain Concentrations of Macro- and Micro-Nutrient Over the Past 80 Years of Cultivar Releasing in China?
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| Biofortification of wheat with mineral through crop breeding is a sustainable and cost-effective approach to address human mineral malnutrition. A better understanding of the trends of grain concentrations of mineral nutrients in wheat over the breeding period may help to assess the breeding progress to date. A 2-year ... |
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Using multiple data sources to explore disease transmission risk between commercial poultry, backyard poultry, and wild birds in New Zealand
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| The movements of backyard poultry and wild bird populations are known to pose a disease risk to the commercial poultry industry. However, it is often difficult to estimate this risk due to the lack of accurate data on the numbers, locations, and movement patterns of these populations. The main aim of this study was to ... |
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Brains in Metamorphosis: Temporal Transcriptome Dynamics in Hatchery-Reared Flatfishes
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| Metamorphosis is a captivating process of change during which the morphology of the larva is completely reshaped to face the new challenges of adult life. In the case of fish, this process initiated in the brain has traditionally been considered to be a critical rearing point and despite the pioneering molecular work c... |
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Unveiling the Bioactive Potential of Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Waste in Human Health from a Consumer Perspective
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| Food supply disruption and shortage verified during the current pandemic events are a scenario that many anticipate for the near future. The impact of climate changes on food production, the continuous decrease in arable land, and the exponential growth of the human population are important drivers for this problem. In... |
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The Efficacy of Moina micrura Enriched with Probiotic Bacillus pocheonensis in Enhancing Survival and Disease Resistance of Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Larvae
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| The administration of probiotics via live feeds, such as Artemia and rotifers, has gained significant attention. Moreover, indiscriminate use of antibiotics in conventional aquaculture practices in order to prevent or control disease outbreaks has resulted in the occurrence of residues and antimicrobial resistance. Thu... |
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Genome editing for crop improvement: A perspective from India
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| Human population is expected to reach to about 10 billion by 2050. Climate change affects crop production, thus posing food security challenges. Conventional breeding alone will not bridge the gap between current level of crop production and expected levels in the decades to come in the food production systems. Rate of... |
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Emerging contaminants and priority substances in marine sediments from Cartagena Bay and the Grand Marsh of Santa Marta (Ramsar site), Colombia
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| Emerging pollutants and priority substances are of growing concern due to their toxicity potential to aquatic organisms and human health. However, few reports on this issue in marine ecosystems in general and, more specifically, on the Colombian Caribbean coast are available. The aim of this study was to detect these c... |
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Resource utilization, overlap and temporal dynamics in a guild of mountain stream insects
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| SUMMARY 1. Resource utilization was quantified for six mayfly (Ephemeroptera) and one caddis (Trichoptera) species comprising a lotic scraper/collector‐gatherer guild across three niche dimensions (temporal, trophic and spatial). Based on trophic differences and inferred microspatial utilization, the members of this gu... |
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Improved Microbial Community Characterization of 16S rRNA via Metagenome Hybridization Capture Enrichment
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| Environmental microbial diversity is often investigated from a molecular perspective using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons and shotgun metagenomics. While amplicon methods are fast, low-cost, and have curated reference databases, they can suffer from amplification bias and are limited in genomic scope. In contr... |
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Improving metabarcoding taxonomic assignment: A case study of fishes in a large marine ecosystem.
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| DNA metabarcoding is an important tool for molecular ecology. However, its effectiveness hinges on the quality of reference sequence databases and classification parameters employed. Here we evaluate the performance of MiFish 12S taxonomic assignments using a case study of California Current Large Marine Ecosystem fish... |
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Norm index-based QSAR models for acute toxicity of organic compounds toward zebrafish embryo
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| Zebrafish embryos are highly sensitive to toxicant exposure and have been used to evaluate the potential eco-toxicity caused by organic pollutants in the aquatic environment. This study was to develop four quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models based on norm descriptors for acute toxicity of differe... |
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The Neuroscience Community Has a Role in Environmental Conservation
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| We previously argued that the neuroscience community has a role in environmental conservation because protection of biodiversity and the specialized behavioral adaptions of animals is essential to understanding brain structure and function. Preserving biodiversity and the natural world is also linked to human mental he... |
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Are Visible Fractures Accurate Predictors of Flow and Mass Transport in Fractured Till?
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| Tracer experiments conducted in the laboratory on undisturbed core samples (<7.3-cm-diameter) have been a standard method for estimating hydraulic and transport properties of fractured till since the 1980s. This study assesses the relationship between visible fractures on the top and bottom of core samples and the resu... |
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Toward an understanding of the chemical ecology of alternative reproductive tactics in the bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini)
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| Background Under strong sexual selection, certain species evolve distinct intrasexual, alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). In many cases, ARTs can be viewed as environmentally-cued threshold traits, such that ARTs coexist if their relative fitness alternates over the environmental cue gradient. Surprisingly, the c... |
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Using an occupancy approach to identify poaching hotspots in protected areas in a seasonally dry tropical forest
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| Poaching activity has been described in the literature as harmful due to impacts on biodiversity, especially in protected areas. Although the main reason for this activity is subsistence, in many regions motivation goes beyond the limits of food necessity. We applied single-species, single season occupancy models to ev... |
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The Comparison of Semen Collection in Electroejaculation, Rectal Massage and Combination of Both Methods in the Critically Endangered Malayan Pangolin, Manis javanica
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| This article describes the semen characteristics from different collection methods between captive and confiscated Malayan pangolins, Manis javanica. Semen was collected from 15 pangolins; two captive and 13 confiscated individuals at the mean weight of 9.36 ± 1.94 kg. The three semen collection methods employed were e... |
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Factors inducing bryophyte growth on prehistoric pigments and effect of UV-C treatment.
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| In La Glacière cave (France), the touristic activity has been conducted to an environmental parameter change that has led to photosynthetic organism proliferation (microalgae, diatoms, cyanobacteria, bryophytes). The present study is focused on bryophyte development occurring in the show cave that was responsible of li... |
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Characterizing unsuccessful animal adoptions: age and breed predict the likelihood of return, reasons for return and post-return outcomes
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| A considerable number of adopted animals are returned to animal shelters post-adoption which can be stressful for both the animal and the owner. In this retrospective analysis of 23,932 animal records from a US shelter, we identified animal characteristics associated with the likelihood of return, key return reasons, a... |
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A Correlational Analysis of Phthalate Exposure and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Sarasota Bay, Florida (2010-2019).
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| Phthalates are chemical esters used to enhance desirable properties of plastics, personal care, and cleaning products. Phthalates have shown ubiquitous environmental contamination due to their abundant use and propensity to leach from products to which they are added. Following exposure, phthalates are rapidly metaboli... |
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Techniques for Mitigating the Effects of Smoke Taint While Maintaining Quality in Wine Production: A Review
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| Smoke taint has become a prominent issue for the global wine industry as climate change continues to impact the length and extremity of fire seasons around the world. Although the issue has prompted a surge in research on the subject in recent years, no singular solution has yet been identified that is capable of maint... |
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Environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan exposure promote the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes mediated by Edwardsiella piscicida
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| Aquaculture pathogen and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) co-occur in the aquatic environment. Accumulated evidence suggests that aquaculture pathogens can facilitate the horizontal transfer of plasmid-mediated ARGs. However, the role of Edwardsiella piscicida (E. piscicida) in ARG dissemination is still not fully un... |
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Biological invasions facilitate zoonotic disease emergences
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| Outbreaks of zoonotic diseases are accelerating at an unprecedented rate in the current era of globalization, with substantial impacts on the global economy, public health, and sustainability. Alien species invasions have been hypothesized to be important to zoonotic diseases by introducing both existing and novel path... |
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Tapping into non-English-language science for the conservation of global biodiversity
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| The widely held assumption that any important scientific information would be available in English underlies the underuse of non-English-language science across disciplines. However, non-English-language science is expected to bring unique and valuable scientific information, especially in disciplines where the evidenc... |
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Seasonal Distribution, Composition, and Inventory of Plastic Debris on the Yugang Park Beach in Zhanjiang Bay, South China Sea
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| Plastic debris contamination in marine environments is a global problem that poses a considerable threat to the sustainability and health of coastal ecosystems. Marine beaches, as the key zones where terrestrial plastic debris reach coastal waters, are faced with the increasing pressures of human activities. In this st... |
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Metabolic response of the Siberian wood frog Rana amurensis to extreme hypoxia.
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| The Siberian wood frog Rana amurensis is a recently discovered example of extreme hypoxia tolerance that is able to survive several months without oxygen. We studied metabolomic profiles of heart and liver of R. amurensis exposed to 17 days of extreme hypoxia. Without oxygen, the studied tissues experience considerable... |
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Diel Oxygen Changes in Closed Ecological Systems; Predictive of Lake Metabolism?
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| The net oxygen change over a 24-hour day/night cycle in a laboratory study showed strong consistent patterns of (1) gain, when nutrients and light were available; (2) maintain, with daytime gains being matched by nighttime losses; and (3) loss, over brief periods of time during intense zooplankton grazing on previously... |
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Providing information about triclabendazole resistance status influences farmers to change liver fluke control practices.
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| BACKGROUND Reports of disease and production losses associated with Fasciola hepatica, the common liver fluke, have increased in recent years. Resistance to triclabendazole, one of the principal veterinary medicines used to prevent losses, has been reported and is now considered widespread in fluke endemic regions of t... |
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A durum wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) population: Data on ß-glucans, grain protein content, grain yield per spike, and heading time
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| Data presented are on genetic variation of quality trait and production in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two elite durum wheat cultivars grown in two different locations (Valenzano, metropolitan city of Bari -Italy) and Policoro (metropolitan city of Matera - Italy). The data o... |
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Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer improves yield, nitrogen use efficiency and economic returns of transplanted fine rice
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| Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds to two-third of the global population by serving as staple food. It is the main export commodity of several countries; thus, contributes towards foreign exchange earnings. Unfortunately, average global rice yield is far below than its genetic potential. Low nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE)... |
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Chinese caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) in China: current distribution, trading, and futures under climate change and overexploitation
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| Chinese caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) is a precious traditional medicine which is mostly distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Due to its medicinal values, it has become one of the most valuable biological commodities and widely traded in recent years worldwide. However, its habitat has chang... |
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Directional selection and the evolution of breeding date in birds, revisited: Hard selection and the evolution of plasticity
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| The mismatch between when individuals breed and when we think they should breed has been a long-standing problem in evolutionary ecology. Price et al. is a classic theory paper in this field and is mainly cited for its most obvious result: if individuals with high nutritional condition breed early, then the advantage o... |
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Effects of co-loading of polyethylene microplastics and ciprofloxacin on the antibiotic degradation efficiency and microbial community structure in soil.
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| Microplastics (MPs) have become a global environmental concern while soil plastic pollution has been largely overlooked. In view of the severe antibiotic contamination in arable soils owing to land application of sewage sludge and animal manure, the invasion of MPs along with antibiotics may pose an unpredictable threa... |
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Transgenic cotton and sterile insect releases synergize eradication of pink bollworm a century after it invaded the United States.
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| Invasive organisms pose a global threat and are exceptionally difficult to eradicate after they become abundant in their new habitats. We report a successful multitactic strategy for combating the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), one of the world's most invasive pests. A coordinated program in the southwestern... |
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