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### Instruction:
Research assignment Hi, I am a grade 12 student who is doing a research assignment on neurological disorders. Do you believe that there will ever be a bonafide cure for Multiple Sclerosis? If so, what kind of time frame would put on this cure?
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Scientists continue researching treatments f... | what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Multiple Sclerosis?: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research in laboratories at the NIH and also support additional research through grants to major medical i... |
### Instruction:
Research assignment Hi, I am a grade 12 student who is doing a research assignment on neurological disorders. Do you believe that there will ever be a bonafide cure for Multiple Sclerosis? If so, what kind of time frame would put on this cure?
### Response:
Scientists continue their extensive efforts ... | what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Multiple Sclerosis?: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research in laboratories at the NIH and also support additional research through grants to major medical i... |
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Etanercept is a decoy soluble receptor that binds TNF-a.
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| What is the function of Etanercept as a decoy soluble receptor? |
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Amyloid is a type of misfolded protein that can accumulate in the extracellular space, leading to the formation of insoluble fibrils or plaques. These deposits can interfere with normal cellular function and can cause damage to tissues and organs. In some ... | What is amyloid, and how does it contribute to cellular damage and apoptosis? |
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### Response:
Mycophenolate mofetil targets and inhibits the enzyme IMP (inosine monophosphate) dehydrogenase.
Mycophenolate mofetil is an immunosuppressive drug that is used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients. It works by inhibiting the activity of IMP ... | What is the name of the enzyme that is targeted and inhibited by mycophenolate mofetil? |
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TGF-β is a cytokine that utilizes receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
Cytokines are proteins that play a role in cell signaling and communication in the immune system. They can activate or inhibit immune responses and are involved in various phys... | What cytokine uses receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways? |
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The primary roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.
VEGF is a protein that plays a crucial role in the formation of new blood vessels. Angiogenesis refers to the process of forming new blood vessels from exi... | What are the main functions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)? |
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### Response:
The primary role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is to promote angiogenesis.
FGF-2 is a protein that belongs to the fibroblast growth factor family. It is involved in many biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and wound healing... | What is the main function of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)? |
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Fibrinogen is an acute phase reactant that is upregulated during inflammation to promote endothelial repair. Fibrinogen is a protein that is produced by the liver and circulates in the blood. During inflammation, fibrinogen levels increase in response to c... | Which acute phase reactant is increased during inflammation in order to facilitate endothelial repair? |
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Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets IL-12/IL-23, which are cytokines involved in the inflammatory response. It is typically used to treat medical conditions such as psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, which are chronic autoimmune disorders tha... | What is Ustekinumab, and for what medical conditions is it typically used to treat? |
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In the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, Natalizumab works by preventing extravasation of autoreactive CD8+ T Cells.
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| How does Natalizumab work in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis? |
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In the treatment of Crohn's Disease, Natalizumab works by preventing adhesion of autoreactive gut homing Th17 cells.
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| How does Natalizumab work in the treatment of Crohn's Disease? |
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In the setting of chronic inflammation, macrophages can be activated to M2 macrophages by stimulation from Th2 cells, resulting in an antiinflammatory phenotype.
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| What can stimulate macrophages to become M2 macrophages in the setting of chronic inflammation, and what is the resulting phenotype? |
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In the setting of chronic inflammation, macrophages can be activated to M1 macrophages by stimulation from Th1 cells, resulting in a proinflammatory phenotype.
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| What can stimulate macrophages to become M1 macrophages in the setting of chronic inflammation, and what is the resulting phenotype? |
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What is the mechanism of action of evolocumab in relation to PCSK9 and hepatic LDL receptors? Evolocumab binds PCSK9 and prevents degradation of hepatic LDL receptors.
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| What is the mechanism of action of evolocumab in relation to PCSK9 and hepatic LDL receptors? |
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Activation of the inflammasome leads to increased production of IL-1B and IL-18.
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| What is the effect of activating the inflammasome? |
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A number of scientists have proposed, or produced experimental evidence in animal or cell line models, that new "nano materials" and "nano particles" may have the potential to lead to serious pulmonary toxicity in the near future.
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| Future pulmonary toxicity of nano particles? |
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Future and investigational therapies of hemophilia include co-transplantation of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and placenta -derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) at the neonatal age and prevention of the anti- factor VIII memory B-cell resp... | What are the potential treatments or therapies being currently researched for Hemophilia in the future? |
: | What are the upcoming or experimental treatments for low-density lipoprotein? |
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Much research is being done in the field of beta-cell physiology and pathology. One major research topic is its effects on diabetes. Many researchers are trying to find ways to use these beta-cells to help control or prevent diabetes. A major topic is the ... | Could you provide me with the text you need to be rephrased? |
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Methods to increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentrations, which in some animal studies largely reverses and remove atheromas, are being developed and researched. Niacin has HDL raising effects (by 10 - 30%) and showed clinical trial benef... | What are the future or experimental treatments for Atherosclerosis? |
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2006: Stem cells: UK Researchers working with mice, transplanted mouse stem cells into mice that had been genetically induced to mimic the human conditions of retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. These photoreceptors developed and mad... | What is the historical background or context of retinitis? |
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Angiogenesis has followed the usual path for emerging technologies: incredible results unrealistic expectations sobering disappointments cautious optimism. Development strategies generally strive to follow the “righteous path” (Figure 16): understand... | What is the explanation for the connection between angiogenesis and the failures and disappointments in the medical field discussed in section 5.1? |
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Liver Support Systems are support devices that compensate for a failing liver. These devices can also be used as a bridging aid in transplant patients. There are two kinds of devices: sorbent-based artificial systems and cell-based bio-artificial systems. ... | What are the prospective or experimental treatments available for acute liver failure? |
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Microglia are also thought to play a role in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, dementia, multiple sclerosis and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. They are responsible for producing an inflammatory reaction to brain trauma and are the m... | What is the clinical relevance of microglia? |
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Therapeutic angiogenesis can and will be achieved. However, a robust translational model and several general principles must be established:
1.Because angiogenesis is such an intricate process, sustained delivery of multiple growth factors, master switch m... | Could you explain what angiogenesis is and describe the 5.2 pathway for achieving therapeutic angiogenesis? |
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) plaque imaging allows characterization of the biology of atherosclerotic lesions. Using multiple imaging sequences targeted to specific plaque constituents, the underlying composition of the plaque is determined incl... | What role does CMR imaging play in detecting plaque? |
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Future and investigational therapies involve immunomodulatory drugs, histone deacetylase inhibitors, newer generation drugs of already existing medications and drugs targeting pathways other than the JAK/STAT. The goal is to limit the need for allogeneic s... | What are the potential treatments or therapies that are currently being researched for myelofibrosis in the future? |
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Gene therapy is a cutting the edge method for treatment of various diseases. Gene therapy in animal models demonstrates good potential of this treatment for curing patients with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia. As an example for targeting transgene expression i... | What are the potential future treatments or investigational therapies for Glanzmann's thrombasthenia? |
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Treatments currently being studied include recombination and inhaled forms of Alpha 1-antitrypsin. Other experimental therapies are aimed at the prevention of polymer formation in the liver. Newer treatment strategies include:
Gene therapy to deliver reco... | What are the future or experimental treatments available for Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency? |
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Tenecteplase is an enzyme used as a thrombolytic drug.
Tenecteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) produced by recombinant DNA technology using an established mammalian cell line (Chinese Hamster Ovary cells). Tenecteplase is a 527 amino acid glyc... | What is detailed information regarding Tenecteplase? |
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Please answer with one of the option in the bracket
### Response:
C: Chronic myeloid leukemia
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| Q:A scientist is studying mechanisms by which cancer drugs work to kill tumor cells. She is working to optimize the function of a drug class in order to reduce toxicity and increase potency for the target. After synthesizing a variety of analogs for the drug class, she tests these new pharmacologic compounds against a ... |
### Instruction:
Please answer with one of the option in the bracket
### Response:
A: C5a
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| Q:A scientist is studying the process by which innate immune cells are able to respond to damage and pathogen infiltration. Specifically, she examines patients with an immunodeficiency where they are unable to respond to local infections. She notices that these patients do not produce pustulant fluid and do not have re... |
### Instruction:
Question: is this a 2) strong advice, 1) weak advice 0) no advice?
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This is no advice
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| The ability of TNF to inhibit ABCA1 expression and function in podocytes (Figure 4) may be cell-type specific, as in macrophages TNF expression positively correlates with ABCA1 expression and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux (27). |
### Instruction:
Question: is this a 2) strong advice, 1) weak advice 0) no advice?
### Response:
This is no advice
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| Interestingly, during fibrosis progression, immune cells secret a variety of growth factors and inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IFN-γ, IFN-α/β, and IL-22, which have been shown to play key roles in regulating liver fibrogenesis resulting in collagen deposition and the disruption of the normal liver architecture2... |
### Instruction:
Question: is this a 2) strong advice, 1) weak advice 0) no advice?
### Response:
This is no advice
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| ANP pretreatment reduces serum TNF-α levels and NF-κB activation by inhibiting IκB-phosphorylation in mice injected with LPS (29) and has a protective role against LPS-induced lung injury and endothelial barrier dysfunction (30). |
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Question: is this a 2) strong advice, 1) weak advice 0) no advice?
### Response:
This is no advice
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| Macrophages are key angiogenesis effector cells in inflammatory and tumoral angiogenesis [38], and their presence is associated with local secretion of many pro-angiogenic factors [39]. |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Extracellular RNAs in Bacterial Infections: From Emerging Key Players on Host-Pathogen Interactions to Exploitable Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
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| Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. These molecules can interact with mRNAs or proteins, affecting a variety of cellular functions. Emerging evidence shows that intra/inter-species and trans-kingdom regulation can also be achieved ... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Targeting the NF-κB pathway in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| Abstract Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are inflammatory lung disorders responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the importance of allergic responses in asthma is well known, respiratory viral and bacterial infections and pollutants especially cigarette smoke are important ... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Kardiale Zelltherapie – „lost in translation?“
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| Cardiac cell therapy covers more than two decades of tumultuous history. In this period of time, the perception of the heart as an organ consisting of a fixed number of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes fundamentally changed. Suddenly, the myocardium was (or is) considered to be regenerative by intrinsic progeni... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Three-dimensional tumor cell cultures employed in virotherapy research
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| Oncolytic virotherapy constitutes an upcoming alternative treatment option for a broad spectrum of cancer entities. However, despite great research efforts, there is still only a single US Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency-approved oncolytic virus available for clinical use. One reason for that is ... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Cardiac ECM: Its Epigenetic Regulation and Role in Heart Development and Repair
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| The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular component in the cardiac microenvironment, and serves essential structural and regulatory roles in establishing and maintaining tissue architecture and cellular function. The patterns of molecular and biochemical ECM alterations in developing and adult hearts depend on... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Targeting FcRn for immunomodulation: Benefits, risks, and practical considerations
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| The neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor (FcRn) functions as a recycling mechanism to prevent degradation and extend the half-life of IgG and albumin in the circulation. Several FcRn inhibitors selectively targeting IgG recycling are now moving rapidly toward clinical practice in neurology and hematology. The... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
“Alternative” Endocytic Mechanisms Exploited by Pathogens: New Avenues for Therapeutic Delivery?
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| Some pathogens utilize unique routes to enter cells that may evade the intracellular barriers encountered by the typical clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. Retrograde transport and caveolar uptake are among the better characterized pathways, as alternatives to clathrin-mediated endocytosis, that are known to facilita... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Genetic Manipulation in Mucorales and New Developments to Study Mucormycosis
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| The study of the Mucoralean fungi physiology is a neglected field that the lack of effective genetic tools has hampered in the past. However, the emerging fungal infection caused by these fungi, known as mucormycosis, has prompted many researchers to study the pathogenic potential of Mucorales. The main reasons for thi... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Unmet needs in the management of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are episodes of acute worsening of respiratory symptoms that require additional therapy. These events play a pivotal role in the natural course of the disease and are associated with a progressive decline in lung function, reduced health status, a low physic... |
### Instruction:
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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles as Carrier for Supernatant of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae.
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| Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) incorporated with mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned media (MSCs CM) on MDR Vibrio cholerae strains. Materials and Methods Chitosan NPs were prepared and characterized by dynam... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Mini-review: antibody therapeutics targeting G protein-coupled receptors and ion channels
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| Antibodies are now well established as therapeutics with many additional advantages over small molecules and peptides relative to their selectivity, bioavailability, half-life and effector function. Major classes of membrane-associated protein targets include G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels that ar... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
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Evaluation of exosome derivatives as bio-informational reprogramming therapy for cancer
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| Exosomes are nanoparticle sized (100 ± 50 nm) extracellular vesicles (ECVs) that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. They do this by utilizing their natural ability to shuttle signaling molecules across the cellular microenvironment and promote paracrine signaling. Currently, exosomes are being explored... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer progression
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| Neutrophils are being increasingly recognized as an important element in tumor progression. They have been shown to exert important effects at nearly every stage of tumor progression with a number of studies demonstrating that their presence is critical to tumor development. Novel aspects of neutrophil biology have rec... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Limitations of Animal Studies for Predicting Toxicity in Clinical Trials: Part 2: Potential Alternatives to the Use of Animals in Preclinical Trials
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| Dramatically rising costs in drug development are in large part because of the high failure rates in clinical phase trials. The poor correlation of animal studies to human toxicity and efficacy have led many developers to question the value of requiring animal studies in determining which drugs should enter in-human tr... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Understanding Cellular Redox Homeostasis: A Challenge for Precision Medicine
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| Living organisms use a large repertoire of anabolic and catabolic reactions to maintain their physiological body functions, many of which include oxidation and reduction of substrates. The scientific field of redox biology tries to understand how redox homeostasis is regulated and maintained and which mechanisms are de... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Specialized pro-resolving mediators: endogenous regulators of infection and inflammation
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| Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are enzymatically derived from essential fatty acids and have important roles in orchestrating the resolution of tissue inflammation — that is, catabasis. Host responses to tissue infection elicit acute inflammation in an attempt to control invading pathogens. SPMs are lipid m... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
The Immune System Throws Its Traps: Cells and Their Extracellular Traps in Disease and Protection
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| The first formal description of the microbicidal activity of extracellular traps (ETs) containing DNA occurred in neutrophils in 2004. Since then, ETs have been identified in different populations of cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Much of the knowledge has been obtained from in vitro or ex... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Dietary Regulation of Immunity
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| Integrated immunometabolic responses link dietary intake, energy utilization, and storage to immune regulation of tissue function and is therefore essential for the maintenance and restoration of homeostasis. Adipose-resident leukocytes have non-traditional immunological functions that regulate organismal metabolism by... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Melatonin controversies, an update
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| Melatonin was discovered more than 60 years ago. Since then, several seminal discoveries have allowed us to define its function as a neuroendocrine hormone and its molecular targets in mammals and many other species. However, many fundamental issues have not yet been solved such as the subcellular localization of melat... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Harnessing T-Cell Immunity to Target Brain Tumors
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| T-cell mediated immunotherapy is a conceptually attractive treatment option to envisage for glioma, since T lymphocytes can actively seek out neoplastic cells in the brain, and they have the potential to safely and specifically eliminate tumor. Some antigenic targets on glioma cells are already defined, and we can be o... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments
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| In 1973, IL-6 was identified as a soluble factor that is secreted by T cells and is important for antibody production by B cells. Since its discovery more than 40 years ago, the IL-6 pathway has emerged as a pivotal pathway involved in immune regulation in health and dysregulation in many diseases. Targeting of the IL-... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
The role of inflammation in the development of chronic lung disease in neonates
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| Chronic lung disease (CLD) has been associated with chorioamnionitis and upper respiratory tract colonisation with Ureaplasma urealyticum. The aim of this review is to describe the increasing evidence that inflammation plays a critical role in the early stages of CLD of the neonate. Ongoing lung damage in the premature... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Exosomal LncRNAs and hepatocellular Carcinoma: From basic research to clinical practice
### Response:
| Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with poor prognosis. The incidences of HCC and HCC-related deaths have increased over the last several decades. However, the treatment options for advanced HCC are very limited. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) wrapped in exosomes can change the expres... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Autoimmune diseases of the brain, imaging and clinical review.
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| There is an extensive spectrum of autoimmune entities that can involve the central nervous system, which has expanded with the emergence of new imaging modalities and several clinicopathologic entities. Clinical presentation is usually non-specific, and imaging has a critical role in the workup of these diseases. Immun... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Neuroimmunology and Novel Methods of Treatment for Acute Transverse Myelitis
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| Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is a rare, immune-mediated pathology that is defined as an adverse inflammatory response in the spinal cord leading to neurologic injury. The pathophysiology of ATM is poorly understood, with no apparent differences in age, ethnicities, or race, along with variable radiographic and clini... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Gaining Insight through Circadian Clock Gene Pathways
### Response:
| Neurodegenerative disorders affect fifteen percent of the world’s population and pose a significant financial burden to all nations. Cognitive impairment is the seventh leading cause of death throughout the globe. Given the enormous challenges to treat cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and the inability... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Erratum: Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using a Traditional Phytoproduct, Asafoetida Gum [Corrigendum]
### Response:
| [This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S258319.]. |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Polycation-based nanoparticle delivery for improved RNA interference therapeutics.
### Response:
| Small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of genes implicated in disease by the process of RNA interference offers a novel genetic medicine approach. Polymeric nanoparticles (or polyplexes) formed by self-assembly of polycations with siRNA can be used for site-specific delivery, cellular uptake and intracellular... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Clinical translation of RNAi-based treatments for respiratory diseases
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| The ability to harness the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism as a potential potent therapeutic has attracted great interest from academia and industry. Numerous preclinical and recent clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of RNAi triggers such as synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA). Chemical modificat... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2) inhibitors (2006 - 2010): a patent review.
### Response:
| INTRODUCTION Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) acts as an exopeptidase and has been studied for decades. In recent years, it has been seen not only as a tumor-related target but also as a potential functional protein in various other physiological or pathological processes, such as analgesia, virus infection and inflammation... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Biomedicine in the covid age: Opportunities, responses, and challenges
### Response:
| According to one of the earliest definitions, biomedicine means “clinical medicine based on the principles of physiology and biochemistry.” Clinicians for quite some time preferred the use of the term medical research to describe what they considered the clinical findings pertaining to various issues related to clinica... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Regeneration of severely damaged lungs using an interventional cross-circulation platform.
### Response:
| The number of available donor organs limits lung transplantation, the only lifesaving therapy for the increasing population of patients with end-stage lung disease. A prevalent etiology of injury that renders lungs unacceptable for transplantation is gastric aspiration, a deleterious insult to the pulmonary epithelium.... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Application of nanotechnology in circumventing immunotolerance
### Response:
| Recent decades have witnessed a breakthrough in onco-immunology with cancer immunotherapy making a remarkable progress with promising therapeutic effects. Immunotherapy is a therapeutic approach that specifically attacks cancer cells by harnessing the host immune response. However, the existence of tumor immune escape ... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Advances in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for immune and inflammatory diseases: Use of cell‐free products and human pluripotent stem cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
### Response:
| Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) for immune and inflammatory diseases continues to be popular based on progressive accumulation of preclinical mechanistic evidence. This has led to further expansion in clinical indications from graft rejection, autoimmune diseases, and osteoarthritis, to inflammatory liver and pulm... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota
### Response:
| In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short- and long-term health promoter and modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one’s life, each subject is colonized by a great number of bacteria, which constitute its specific and individual microbiota. Human bacterial colonizat... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Renal denervation: current implications and future perspectives.
### Response:
| SNS (sympathetic nervous system) activation is a common feature of arterial hypertension and has been demonstrated to contribute to the development and progression of the hypertensive state. Persuasive evidence suggests a strong association between SNS overactivity and variety of disease states, including chronic renal... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
How can nanoparticle-based technologies revolutionize the topical therapy in psoriasis?
### Response:
| Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatoses with a heterogeneous pathogenesis which can be successfully exploited therapeutically as it is increasingly well understood. Topical therapy is the gold standard for psoriasis patients with mild disease courses and for complementary and maintenance treatment in moderate an... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Therapeutic Applications of Cannabinoids in Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure
### Response:
| A large number of cannabinoids have been discovered that could play a role in mitigating cardiac affections. However, none of them has been as widely studied as cannabidiol (CBD), most likely because, individually, the others offer only partial effects or can activate potential harmful pathways. In this regard, CBD has... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Bacteriophage as a Novel Therapeutic Weapon for Killing Colistin-Resistant Multi-Drug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
### Response:
| Colistin-resistant multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria are highly lethal and many researchers have tried hard to combat these microorganisms around the world. Infections caused by these bacteria are resistant to the last resort of antibiotic therapy and hav... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
In Vitro Modeling of Non-Solid Tumors: How Far Can Tissue Engineering Go?
### Response:
| In hematological malignancies, leukemias or myelomas, malignant cells present bone marrow (BM) homing, in which the niche contributes to tumor development and drug resistance. BM architecture, cellular and molecular composition and interactions define differential microenvironments that govern cell fate under physiolog... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Challenges in the Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management of Intestinal Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
### Response:
| Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is usually the consequence of chronic inflammation. Although the currently available anti-inflammatory therapies have had little impact on intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease (CD), increased understanding of the pathophysiology and... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy as an Alternative to the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
### Response:
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a current challenge for medicine due to its incidence, morbidity and mortality and, also, the absence of an optimal treatment. The COVID-19 outbreak only increased the urgent demand for an affordable, safe and effective treatment for this process. Early clinical tri... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Clinical perspectives on the age-related increase of immunosuppressive activity
### Response:
| The aging process is associated with a remodeling of the immune system involving chronic low-grade inflammation and a gradual decline in the function of the immune system. These processes are also called inflammaging and immunosenescence. The age-related immune remodeling is associated with many clinical changes, e.g.,... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities
### Response:
| Periodontitis, a major inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, is epidemiologically associated with other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including cardio-metabolic, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Emerging evidence from interventional studies indicates that local treatment of periodontiti... |
### Instruction:
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### Response:
Strategies for Using Muramyl Peptides - Modulators of Innate Immunity of Bacterial Origin - in Medicine
### Response:
| The spread of infectious diseases is rampant. The emergence of new infections, the irrational use of antibiotics in medicine and their widespread use in agriculture contribute to the emergence of microorganisms that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs. By 2050, mortality from antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria i... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
The exploitation of human glycans by Group A Streptococcus
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| Host carbohydrates, or glycans, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many bacterial infections. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that readily colonises the skin and oropharynx, and is a significant cause of mortality in humans. While the glycointeractions orchestrated by many other pathog... |
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Regulatory CD8+ T cells suppress disease.
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| A subset of CD8+ T cells regulate chronic inflammation by killing pathogenic CD4+ T cells. |
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Non-autophagic roles of autophagy-related proteins
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| Autophagy and autophagy-related processes are fundamentally important in human health and disease. These processes are viewed primarily as cellular degradative pathways that recycle macromolecules and dysfunctional or redundant organelles into amino acids, sugars and lipids, especially during starvation. However, the u... |
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Electromagnetic field exposure as a plausible approach to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in clinically relevant scenarios
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| Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has been regarded as one of the most revolutionary breakthroughs in the history of modern medicine owing to its myriad of immunoregulatory and regenerative properties. With the rapid progress in the fields of osteo- and musculoskeletal therapies, the demand for MSC-base... |
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From micro to nano: evolution and impact of drug delivery in treating disease
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| Over the past 50 years, drug delivery breakthroughs have enabled the approval of several important medicines. Often, this path starts with innovation from academic collaborations amongst biologists, chemists, and engineers, followed by the formation of a start-up company driving clinical translation and approval. An ea... |
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Estradiol and Estrogen-like Alternative Therapies in Use: The Importance of the Selective and Non-Classical Actions
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| Estrogen is one of the most important female sex hormones, and is indispensable for reproduction. However, its role is much wider. Among others, due to its neuroprotective effects, estrogen protects the brain against dementia and complications of traumatic injury. Previously, it was used mainly as a therapeutic option ... |
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Fecal microRNAs as Innovative Biomarkers of Intestinal Diseases and Effective Players in Host-Microbiome Interactions
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| Over the past decade, short non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), including circulating and fecal miRNAs have emerged as important modulators of various cellular processes by regulating the expression of target genes. Recent studies revealed the role of miRNAs as powerful biomarkers in disease diagnosis and for the developmen... |
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Functional Hallmarks of Healthy Macrophage Responses: Their Regulatory Basis and Disease Relevance.
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| Macrophages are first responders for the immune system. In this role, they have both effector functions for neutralizing pathogens and sentinel functions for alerting other immune cells of diverse pathologic threats, thereby initiating and coordinating a multipronged immune response. Macrophages are distributed through... |
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immunomodulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
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| Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are emerging as the most promising means of allogeneic cell therapy. MSCs have inherent immunomodulatory characteristics, trophic activity, high invitro self-renewal ability, and can be readily engineered to enhance their immunomodulatory functions. MSCs ... |
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Activity of Povidone in Recent Biomedical Applications with Emphasis on Micro- and Nano Drug Delivery Systems
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| Due to the unwanted toxic properties of some drugs, new efficient methods of protection of the organisms against that toxicity are required New materials are synthesized to effectively disseminate the active substance without affecting the healthy cells Thus far, a number of polymers have been applied to build novel dr... |
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Oligonucleotide conjugates - Candidates for gene silencing therapeutics.
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| The potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications of oligonucleotides (ONs) have attracted great attention in recent years. The capability of ONs to selectively inhibit target genes through antisense and RNA interference mechanisms, without causing un-intended sideeffects has led them to be investigated for various... |
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Cell-free nucleic acid patterns in disease prediction and monitoring—hype or hope?
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| Interest in the use of cell-free nucleic acids (CFNAs) as clinical non-invasive biomarker panels for prediction and prevention of multiple diseases has greatly increased over the last decade. Indeed, circulating CFNAs are attributable to many physiological and pathological processes such as imbalanced stress conditions... |
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RGD-expressed bacterial membrane-derived nanovesicles enhance cancer therapy via multiple tumorous targeting
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| Background: A tumor microenvironment is a complicated multicellular system comprised of tumor cells, immune cells and blood vessels. Blood vessels are the barriers for drug tissue penetration. Effectively treating a cancer requires drug delivery systems to overcome biological barriers present in tumor microenvironments... |
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Transgene Delivery to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Nanoparticles
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| Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and hiPSCs-derived cells have the potential to revolutionize regenerative and precision medicine Genetically reprograming somatic cells to generate hiPSCs and genetic modification of hiPSCs are considered the key procedures for the study and application of hiPSCs However, t... |
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Quorum Sensing Inhibitors: Curbing Pathogenic Infections through Inhibition of Bacterial Communication
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| Currently, most of the developed and developing countries are facing the problem of infectious diseases. The genius way of an exaggerated application of antibiotics led the infectious agents to respond by bringing a regime of persisters to resist antibiotics attacks prolonging their survival. Persisters have the dexter... |
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Interfering With Inflammation: Heterogeneous Effects of Interferons in Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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| The intestine can be the target of several immunologically mediated diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GVHD is a life-threatening complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is associ... |
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Endolysosomal Ca2+ signaling in cardiovascular health and disease
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| An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) regulates a plethora of functions in the cardiovascular (CV) system, including contraction in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells and endothelial colony forming cells. The sarco/endoplasmic reti... |
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Targeting Impaired Antimicrobial Immunity in the Brain for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
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| Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and aging is the most common risk factor for developing the disease. The etiology of AD is not known but AD may be considered as a clinical syndrome with multiple causal pathways contributing to it. The amyloid cascade hypothesis, claiming that excess product... |
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