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Chloroquine is primarily used to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae. These species of the malaria parasite are generally sensitive to chloroquine, which works by inhibiting the parasite's ability to digest h... | For which strains of Plasmodium is chloroquine used as a treatment? |
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Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are medications that are commonly used to treat malaria, as well as other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. While these medications can be effective in treating these conditions, they can also have a numb... | What are some potential side effects of using chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as antimalarial medications? |
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While Chloroquine has historically been used as a treatment for Plasmodium falciparum, its effectiveness has decreased due to the development of drug-resistant strains of the parasite in many parts of the world. In areas where Chloroquine resistance is not... | Is Chloroquine an effective treatment for Plasmodium falciparum? |
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Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis
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| BACKGROUND: In our institute in Marseille, France, we initiated early and massive screening for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hospitalization and early treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (HCQ-AZ) was proposed for the positive cases. METHODS: We retrospectively report the clinical management of 3,... |
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Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine as add-on therapy in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients who were using two oral antidiabetic drugs
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| OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine as add-on therapy in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients who were using two oral antidiabetic drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study in 304 inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subje... |
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Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study
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| BACKGROUND: We need an effective treatment to cure COVID-19 patients and to decrease virus carriage duration. METHODS: We conducted an uncontrolled, non-comparative, observational study in a cohort of 80 relatively mildly infected inpatients treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin over a perio... |
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Risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with rheumatic disease taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
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| BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patients with rheumatic disease taking long-term disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are expected to have a higher risk of infection due to the alterations in cellular immunity associated with these medications. However, the potential risks associated with these drugs remain unclea... |
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Incidence and risk factors for moderate/severe COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases patients on hydroxychloroquine: a 24-week prospective cohort
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| OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of COVID-19 and its main outcomes in rheumatic disease (RD) patients on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) compared to household cohabitants (HC). METHODS: This is a 24-week nationwide prospective multi-centre cohort with a control group without RD and not using HCQ. All participants were mo... |
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Acute effects of hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for COVID-19 in health care professionals - an online survey. (Special Issue: COVID-19: disease progression, impact & comorbidity.)
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| Hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial, is being used worldwide for prophylaxis and treatment of Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) Though the drug is commonly used in many chronic inflammatory diseases for protracted periods, its safety in the new indication is still under scrutiny Therefore, this institute based study s... |
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A call to caution when hydroxychloroquine is given to elderly COVID-19 patients
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| Introduction Hydroxychloroquine use in COVID-19 patients was widespread and uncontrolled until recently. Patients vulnerable to severe COVID-19 are at risk for hydroxychloroquine interactions with comorbidities and co-medications contributing to detrimental, including fatal adverse treatment effects. Methods This is a ... |
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Case Report: Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Use of Hydroxychloroquine in a Patient with COVID-19
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| Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used for the treatment of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases. However, evidence of efficacy remains limited, and adverse events can be associated with its use. Here, we report a case of a patient with severe COVID-19 who, after being administered HCQ, exhibited a 10-fold increa... |
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Telemedicine-based early rule out and followup ECG algorithm for COVID-19 patients
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| FUNDING ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Type of funding sources: None. BACKGROUND: Drugs with the potential to prolong QT are used in the treatment of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pneumonia. We have developed a telemedicine-based corrected QT (QTc) follow-up algorithm that allows early rule out for follow up. AIMS: In this study, we in... |
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A Multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of hydroxychloroquine and a retrospective study in adult patients with mild to moderate Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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| Objective In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) via a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a retrospective study. Methods Subjects admitted to 11 designated public hospitals in Taiwan between April 1 and May 31, 2020, with COVID-19 diagnosis co... |
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Cardiac TdP risk stratification modelling of anti-infective compounds including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
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| Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the hydroxyl derivative of chloroquine (CQ), is widely used in the treatment of rheumatological conditions (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis) and is being studied for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Here, we investigate through mathematical modelling the safety prof... |
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Corrigendum: Impact of Hydroxychloroquine on Antibody Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus
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| [This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01739.]. |
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Anti‐malarial drug effects on parasite dynamics in vivax malaria
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| Relapses of Plasmodium vivax malaria are prevented by 8-aminoquinolines. If hypnozoites survive, then the subsequent blood stage infections in early relapses (< 2 months) are suppressed by the slowly eliminated anti-malarial drugs used to treat the blood stage infection (chloroquine, artemisinin combination treatments)... |
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Nearly Fatal Hydroxychloroquine Overdose Successfully Treated with Midazolam, Propofol, Sodium Bicarbonate, Norepinephrine, and Intravenous Lipid Emulsion
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| Background. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, there has been renewed interest in the drug hydroxychloroquine. However, clinicians should be aware of the dangers of hydroxychloroquine intoxication, an insufficiently studied condition. Case Report. We present a case of autointoxication with 20 g hydroxychl... |
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Hydroxychloroquine Safety: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
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| Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is currently being examined for COVID-19 No previous meta-analysis evaluated its side effects versus placebo We conducted |
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Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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| BACKGROUND: During the initial phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, there was an unfounded fervor surrounding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ);however, recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended against routine use of HCQ outside of study protocols citing po... |
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Correction: COVID-19 prevention and treatment: A critical analysis of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine clinical pharmacology
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| [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003252.]. |
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In inpatients with COVID-19, none of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, or interferon ß-1a differed from standard care for in-hospital mortality
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| SOURCE CITATION: Pan H, Peto R, Henao-Restrepo AM, et al. Repurposed antiviral drugs for Covid-19-interim WHO Solidarity Trial results. N Engl J Med. 2020. [Epub ahead of print.] 33264556. |
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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in Treating COVID-19 Patients.
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| BACKGROUND Since COVID-19 outbreak, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been tested for effective therapies and the relevant researches have shown controversial results. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted after a thorough search of relevant studies from databases. Trials that have evaluated HCQ for COV... |
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Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and Hearing Loss: A Study in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
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| OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Antimalarial drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) are widely used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, these drugs may have side effects such as hearing loss. This study aimed to describe the hearing function in SLE patients using antimalarials. Secondarily, thi... |
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Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis with Erythema Multiforme‐Like lesions in a COVID‐19 woman
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| The antimalarials, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and the antivirals Lopinavir/Ritonavir have been recently recorded as having anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) effects.(1) In particular, regarding Italy, one of the countries most affected by the pandemic, the Italian Society ... |
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Elucidating the Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine
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| Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline compounds with over 60 years of safe clinical usage. CQ and HCQ are able to inhibit the production of cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-22. Also, CQ and HCQ inhibit the production of interferon- (IFN-) α an... |
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Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York State
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| Importance: Hydroxychloroquine, with or without azithromycin, has been considered as a possible therapeutic agent for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are limited data on efficacy and associated adverse events. Objective: To describe the association between use of hydroxychloroquine, wi... |
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Why is pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine a safe and rationale approach against SARS-CoV-2 infection?
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| The potentiality of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for pre-exposure prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 has not been explored in randomized controlled trials. However, there is rationale behind this potentiality in terms of demonstrated in-vitro effect of HCQ against SARS-CoV-2, safety profile of HCQ in healthy individuals and a ... |
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COVID-19: Antiviral treatment in mild cases could be useful at this time/ COVID-19: En este momento podría ser útil el tratamiento antiviral en casos leves
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| COVID-19's lethality as well as its rapid spread are responsible for the current world crisis; therefore, from the beginning, drugs with antiviral action against this agent were sought. It is impossible, for now, to know which person in a mild state will develop a high viral load or have a predisposition to develop an ... |
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Effect of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, and Azithromycin on the Corrected QT Interval in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection
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| The novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Small studies have shown a potential benefit of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine±azithromycin for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. Use of these medications alone, or in combina... |
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Drug Repurposing in the COVID-19 Era: Insights from Case Studies Showing Pharmaceutical Peculiarities
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| COVID-19 may lead to severe respiratory distress syndrome and high risk of death in some patients. So far (January 2021), only the antiviral remdesivir has been approved, although no significant benefits in terms of mortality and clinical improvement were recently reported. In a setting where effective and safe treatme... |
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Identification of Falsified Chloroquine Tablets in Africa at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic
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| Reports that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine may be effective against COVID-19 have received worldwide attention, increasing the risk of the introduction of falsified versions of these medicines. Five different types of falsified chloroquine tablets were discovered between March 31, 2020 and April 4, 2020, in Camero... |
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Revisiting cardiac safety of hydroxychloroquine in rheumatological diseases during COVID-19 era: Facts and myths
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| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread across the globe affecting more than 10 million people as of August 2020. With the pandemic spreading at such an alarming rate, a lot of efforts are in the process of identification of an effective treatment at it's earliest. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is such a ... |
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Between an ethics of care and scientific uncertainty: Dilemmas of general practitioners in Marseille
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| While COVID-19 continues to progress worldwide, the French situation is particularly affected by a lack of masks, tests and, as everywhere else, by the lack of clinically validated therapeutic options. The French government has made the choice of confinement and remote monitoring of patients, with recourse to the healt... |
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Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Inhaled Dry Powder Hydroxychloroquine in Healthy Volunteers
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| Rationale: Inhaled antimicrobials enable high local concentrations where needed and, compared to orally administration, greatly reduce the potential for systemic side effects. In SARS-CoV-2 infections, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) administered as dry powder via inhalation could be safer than oral HCQ allowing for higher an... |
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Ethical issues related to the hydroxychloroquine treatment prescription for Covid-19
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| Abstract The 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), has led to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, no drugs have demonstrated safety and efficacy in randomized controlled trials for patients with COVID-19. Although the association between Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin efficacy... |
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Safety of hydroxychloroquine for treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
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| INTRODUCTION: Hydroxycloroquine (HCQ) has been extensively studied for treatment and prevention of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) from the start of the pandemic Conflicting evidence about its usefulness has begun to accrue METHODS: In the face of controversial results about clinical efficacy of HCQ, we performed ... |
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Potential interference of hydroxychloroquine-glucuronide metabolite on therapeutic drug monitoring of hydroxychloroquine using a mass spectrometry detector
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| Keywords: glucuronide;hydroxychloroquine;interference;mass spectrometry EN glucuronide hydroxychloroquine interference mass spectrometry 1165 1167 3 06/15/20 20200701 NES 200701 To the Editor, Due to a new coronavirus the world has been experiencing an infectious disease for several weeks However, few data are availabl... |
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Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine vs Placebo for Pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2 Prophylaxis Among Health Care Workers: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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| Importance: Health care workers (HCWs) caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, to our knowledge, there is no effective pharmacologic prophylaxis for individuals at risk. Objective: To evaluate the ef... |
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COVID-19 Evidence Accelerator: A parallel analysis to describe the use of Hydroxychloroquine with or without Azithromycin among hospitalized COVID-19 patients
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| BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant global threat. However, despite urgent need, there remains uncertainty surrounding best practices for pharmaceutical interventions to treat COVID-19. In particular, conflicting evidence has emerged surrounding the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, alone ... |
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Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
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| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly emerging viral infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have garnered unprecedented attention as potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19 following several small clinical trials, uncontrolled ... |
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Model informed dosing of hydroxycholoroquine in COVID-19 patients: Learnings from the recent experience, remaining uncertainties and gaps
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| AIMS: In the absence of a commonly agreed dosing protocol based on pharmacokinetic (PK) considerations, the dose and treatment duration for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in COVID-19 disease currently vary across national guidelines and clinical study protocols. We have used a model-based approach to explore the relative imp... |
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Effect of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 Virological Outcomes: An Updated Meta-Analysis
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| Abstract As anti-malarial drugs have been found to inhibit Corona viruses in vitro, studies have evaluated the effect of these drugs inCOVID-19 infection. We conducted an updated meta-analysis of clinical trials and observational studies published till June 2020. Patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain rea... |
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Experience With Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Implications for QT Interval Monitoring
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| Background Despite a lack of clinical evidence, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are being administered widely to patients with verified or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Both drugs may increase risk of lethal arrhythmias associated with QT interval prolongation. Methods and Results We analyzed a cas... |
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Pharmacy's Call for Authorities to Aggressively Enforce Laws Addressing Price Gouging.
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| Early reports of potential treatment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have raised concerns related to pharmaceutical distribution. Despite the lack of high-quality evidence, the mere hope of effectiveness of potential treatments, such as hydroxychloroquine, has led to surges in demand for these products, and many pha... |
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Analytical Methods on Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Materials of Chloroquine as Available for the Treatment of COVID-19
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| With the outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19), people's health and existing economies on a global scale are seriously threatened. Currently, most of the countries all over the world are studying extensively to better understand the antimalarial chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychlo... |
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Pharmacogenomics and COVID-19: clinical implications of human genome interactions with repurposed drugs
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| The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into an emergent global pandemic. Many drugs without established efficacy are being used to treat COVID-19 patients either as an offlabel/compassionate use or as a clinical trial. Although drug repurposing is an attractive approach with reduced time and co... |
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Safety and effectiveness of azithromycin in patients with COVID-19: An open-label randomised trial
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| As no specific pharmacological treatment has been validated for use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we aimed to assess the effectiveness of azithromycin (AZM) in these patients at a referral centre in Iran. An open-label, randomised controlled trial was conducted on patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. ... |
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Possible drug-drug interactions of hydroxychloroquine with concomitant medications in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19: Multiple standard software based assessment
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| Introduction: It is a crucial time for the medical community to cope up with novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) The empirical evidence for the effectiveness of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in COVID-19 is currently very limited So in this context, it is very important to counter Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) Aim: To ... |
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The therapeutic effect and safety of the drugs for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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| BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread almost all regions of the world and caused great loss to the whole body of mankind. Thus, numerous clinical trials were conducted to find specific medicine for COVID-19 recently. However, it remains unanswered whether they are beneficial. OBJECTIVE: This study ... |
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In vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at concentrations achievable by usual doses
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| BACKGROUND/AIMS: As the coronavirus disease-2019 global pandemic progresses, screening of antiviral agents effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed. In addition, considering the viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2, which peaks early in the illness, and the massive ... |
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Efficacy and safety of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine in patients with severe COVID-19. A randomized controlled trial
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| Background In the search for active drugs against COVID19, the indications of many have been redirected. Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine are drugs that inhibit viral replication in vitro and that have been used in several medical centers. Objectives: This clinical trial analyzes the efficacy of Ivermectin and Hydroxy... |
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Serious Cardiovascular Adverse Events Associated with Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine Alone or with Azithromycin in Patients with COVID-19: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
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| BACKGROUND: The use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine (HCQ/CQ) as monotherapy or combined with azithromycin for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may increase the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse events (SCAEs). OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe and evaluate the risk of SCAEs with HCQ... |
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Hydroxychloroquine Treatment may Benefit Nucleic Acid Testing of SARS-CoV-2 Turning Negative in Critically ill COVID-19 Patients: Report of 3 Cases
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| Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), hundreds of thousands of people have been infected After fighting with the virus for two months, the epidemic in China is well controlled However, many countries are still struggling with the coronavirus Effective anti-viral drugs are important to reverse the pa... |
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Safety and efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir combination in COVID-19: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis
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| BACKGROUND: Being protease inhibitors and owing to their efficacy in SARS-CoV, lopinavir + ritonavir (L/R) combination is being used in the management of COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we have evaluated the comparative safety and efficacy of L/R combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comparative, o... |
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Interaction of Hydroxychloroquine with Pharmacokinetically Important Drug Transporters
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| (1) Background: Hydroxychloroquine is used to treat malaria and autoimmune diseases, and its potential use against COVID-19 is currently under investigation. Thus far, information on interactions of hydroxychloroquine with drug transporters mediating drug-drug interactions is limited. We assessed the inhibition of impo... |
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A narrative review of antiviral drugs used for COVID-19 pharmacotherapy
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| Purpose: A number of research articles has been published evaluating safety and efficacy of drugs against COVID-19. This study was undertaken to collate and review the information regarding common proposed anti- viral drugs for easy reference. Methods: The literature was search was done using terms like severe acute re... |
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A Pharmacokinetics-Informed Approach to Navigating Hydroxychloroquine Shortages in Patients With Rheumatic Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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| OBJECTIVE: The recent hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) shortage due to use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has forced some rheumatic disease patients to choose between continuing their current dose of HCQ but exhaust their supply early or ration it in order to prolong its use. Blood HCQ concentrations are directly corre... |
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It is Time To Drop Hydroxychloroquine From our COVID-19 Armamentarium
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| Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were among the first drugs repurposed for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A few in vitro studies confirmed that both drugs exhibited dose dependent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. These observations and the encouraging results from early poorly conducted observational st... |
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Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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| BACKGROUND Given the urgency of finding a specific treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several approaches have been carried out, including the use of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) This study was aimed to systematically evaluate the available evidence on the effectiveness of HCQ in the tre... |
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The Rise and Fall of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine in COVID-19
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| On March 11th, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the unprecedented outbreak of "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) to be a pandemic. Thus far, COVID-19 has infected over 58,229,138 individuals and caused 1,382,106 deaths worldwide. This has led to the re-purposing of available dru... |
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An open-label randomized, controlled trial of the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir plus IFN-β-1a and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
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| OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the clinical, virological and safety outcomes of lopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir-interferon (IFN)-β-1a, hydroxychloroquine or remdesivir in comparison to standard of care (control) in COVID-19 inpatients requiring oxygen and/or ventilatory support. METHODS: We conducted a phase 3 multi... |
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Prophylactic Medications Taken by Healthcare Workers for COVID-19; A Mixed Methods Study from South India
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| BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an unprecedented pandemic that has taken the modern world under seize. In spite of lack of solid evidence, certain federal governments had recommended the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine, and azithromycin as prophylactic medications either for contacts or for healthcare providers in... |
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Quantifying arrhythmic long QT effects of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin with whole-heart optical mapping and simulations
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| BACKGROUND: In March 2020, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) alone or combined with azithromycin (AZM) was authorized as a treatment for COVID-19 in many countries. The therapy proved ineffective with long QT and deadly cardiac arrhythmia risks, illustrating challenges to determine the new safety profile of repurposed drugs. OB... |
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Inhaled hydroxychloroquine to improve efficacy and reduce harm in the treatment of COVID-19
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| Current formulations and dose regimens of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) put patients at risk of harm. An analysis of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov revealed that this may continue as many studies combine HCQ with agents that prolong the QT interval. Further, almost all of the trials registered do not consi... |
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Hydroxychloroquine: a review of its safety and efficacy in COVID-19
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| SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that has infected millions of people across the world Given the compelling need to develop a therapeutic strategy, hydroxychloroquine has been advocated as an effective drug for the infection However, multiple clinical trials conducted using hydroxychloroquine have yielded contrasting result... |
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Hydroxychloroquine: New Perspectives for an Indispensable Old Drug
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| Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a multi-functional drug owing to its lysosomotropic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, antithrombotic, antitumoral (pronounced effects on autophagy and apoptosis processes) and beneficial metabolic properties (improved lipid profiles, decreased insulin resistance) We know ... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Prophylaxis of COVID-19 with Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine
### Response:
| We read with great interest the paper by Putman et al.(1). The publication reviews data from 45 studies evaluating hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine (CQ), anakinra and anti-IL-6 therapies in COVID-19. Except anakinra, none of the other therapies decreased the risk of death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We woul... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Prophylaxis for COVID-19 among Health Care Providers
### Response:
| Background: Although there is a growing consensus that hydroxychloroquine may not be effective in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, there is still little high-quality evidence about the prophylactic effects of this medication. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hydroxychloroquine in preventing COVI... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Is Machine Learning a Better Way to Identify COVID-19 Patients Who Might Benefit from Hydroxychloroquine Treatment?—The IDENTIFY Trial
### Response:
| Therapeutic agents for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been proposed, but evidence supporting their use is limited. A machine learning algorithm was developed in order to identify a subpopulation of COVID-19 patients for whom hydroxychloroquine was associated with improved survival; this population m... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
No clinical benefit in mortality associated with hydroxychloroquine treatment in patients with COVID-19
### Response:
| BACKGROUND: The use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), with or without concurrent administration of azithromycin (AZM), for treatment of COVID-19 has received considerable attention. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HCQ administration is associated with improved mortality in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We c... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Susceptibility to COVID‐19 in patients treated with antimalarials: a population based study in Emilia‐Romagna, Northern Italy
### Response:
| OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the susceptibility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in patients with autoimmune conditions treated with antimalarials in a population‐based study. METHODS: All residents treated with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) from July through December 2019 and living in 3 provinces of Region... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Preliminary evidence from a multicenter prospective observational study of the safety and efficacy of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19
### Response:
| Background Effective therapies are urgently needed for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Chloroquine has been proved to have antiviral effect against coronavirus in vitro. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of chloroquine with different doses in COVID-19. Method In this multicenter prospective observation... |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Perspectives on repositioning chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Covid-19.
### Response:
| Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now spreading as a pandemic ravaging the whole world. In the absence of a vaccine and an effective antiviral chemotherapy, there is currently an intense global interest in repositioning chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to combat the pandemic. CQ has bee... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Spontaneous reported cardiotoxicity induced by lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19. An alleged past-resolved problem
### Response:
| The antiretroviral drug lopinavir/ritonavir has been recently repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19. Its empirical use has been associated with multiple cardiac adverse reactions pertaining to its ancillary multi-channel blocking properties, vaguely characterized until now. We aimed to characterize qualitatively the... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Correction to: ChemoPROphyLaxIs with hydroxychloroquine For covId-19 infeCtious disease (PROLIFIC) to prevent covid-19 infection in frontline healthcare workers: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
### ... | An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article. |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Proactive prophylaxis with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): a statistical analysis plan
### Response:
| BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need for treatments that can shorten hospitalization and lower the risk of secondary infection and death in patients with corona disease. The ProPac-COVID trial evaluates whether combination therapy with macrolide azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Safety and Effectiveness of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin Combination Therapy for Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Propensity-Matched Study
### Response:
| INTRODUCTION: We sought to determine the effectiveness and safety of hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin (HCQ-AZM) therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 613 patients hospitalized (integrated health system involving three hospitals) for RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Covid-19 prevalence and outcomes among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus taking hydroxychloroquine;a retrospective analysis
### Response:
| Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has resulted in a universal search for potential treatments of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Initial reports of the therapeutic potential of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and early non-randomized non-controlled studies were followed by subsequent trial... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Rationale of a loading dose initiation for hydroxychloroquine treatment in COVID-19 infection in the DisCoVeRy trial
### Response:
| Around the world, several dose regimens of hydroxychloroquine have been used for COVID-19 infection treatment, with the objective of identifying a short-term course. Hydroxychloroquine was found to decrease the viral replication in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro and to be more active when added prior to the ... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Optimizing hydroxychloroquine dosing regimen for treatment of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 using Monte Carlo simulation
### Response:
| Hydroxychloroquine may be used to treat COVID-19 infections when remdesivir is unavailable. There is currently no hydroxychloroquine dosage regimen for pediatrics with COVID-19 infections. We aimed to determine the optimal dosage regimen needed to rapidly achieve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PKPD) targets for v... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Hydroxychloroquine use in the COVID-19 patient
### Response:
| Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has multiple potential antiviral mechanisms of action that differ according to the pathogen studied (eg, Chikungunya, Dengue virus, human immunodeficiency virus, poliovirus, Zika virus). Data on HCQ for treatment of COVID-19 are rapidly evolving. To date, there is no evidence from randomized co... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Drug interactions of psychiatric and COVID-19 medications
### Response:
| Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with 1771514 cases identified in the world and 70029 cases in Iran until April 12, 2020. The co-prescription of psychotropics with COVID-19 medication is not uncommon. Healthcare providers should be familiar with many Potential Drug-Drug Interactio... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Hydroxychloroquine as antiviral prophylaxis for exposed caregivers to Covid-19: an urgent appraisal is needed
### Response:
| Abstract Background Since the onset of the new coronavirus pandemic, the world is facing a public health emergency. Repositioning hydroxychloroquine (HQ) seems to be a promising option. Many emerging evidences have converged on the effectiveness of HQ in the treatment of Covid-19 infection. In a recent paper, Gautret e... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Is Immunomodulatory Property of Hydroxychloroquine Beneficial for Severe COVID-19? A Hospital Based Retrospective Observational Study
### Response:
| Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Hydroxychloroquine is being prescribed by the doctors all over the world for the treatment as well as prevention of COVID-19 with varying results. As we know damage in severe COVID-19 disease occurs mainly via the immunological mechanism. There is an assumption that HCQ has... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Analytical Methods on Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Materials of Chloroquine as Available for the Treatment of COVID-19
### Response:
| With the outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19), people's health and existing economies on a global scale are seriously threatened. Currently, most of the countries all over the world are studying extensively to better understand the antimalarial chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychlo... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Rise and Fall: Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 Global Trends: Interest, Political Influence, and Potential Implications
### Response:
| OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to rapid research and reporting on potential preventatives and treatments for the disease, including the drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Despite a lack of robust evidence to support the use of HCQ for treatment of COVID-19, it was publicly endorsed and ... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Variation in Use of Repurposed Medications among Patients with Covid-19
### Response:
| Repurposed medications, including antivirals, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, immunomodulators and therapeutic dose anticoagulants were evaluated using multivariable adjusted random effects logistic regression models and unsupervised clustering. B Results: b Among 7069 adults hospitalized with COVID-19, 1979 (28%)... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Safety of hydroxychloroquine and darunavir or lopinavir in COVID-19 infection
### Response:
| BACKGROUND: Combination therapy with hydroxychloroquine and darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir has been suggested as an approach to improve the outcome of patients with moderate/severe COVID-19 infection. OBJECTIVES: To examine the safety of combination therapy with hydroxychloroquine and darunavir/ritonavir or... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making
### Response:
| The controversy surrounding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, for COVID-19 has raised numerous ethical and policy problems. Since the suggestion that HCQ has potential for COVID-19, there have been varying responses from clinicians and healthcare institutions, ranging from adoption of protocols... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Hydroxychloroquine Increased Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Disrupted the Expression of Some Related Genes in the Mouse Brain
### Response:
| Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which has been proposed as a therapeutic or prophylactic drug for COVID-19, has been administered to thousands of individuals with varying efficacy; however, our understanding of its adverse effects is insufficient. It was reported that HCQ induced psychiatric symptoms in a few patients with a... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study
### Response:
| Background: Pharmacological treatments including antivirals (Lopinavir/Ritonavir), Immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs including, Tocilizumab and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been widely investigated as a treatment for COVID-19.Despite the ongoing controversies, HCQ was recommended for managing mild to modera... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Concerns About the Special Article on Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin in High-Risk Outpatients With COVID-19
### Response:
| In May, this journal published an opinion piece by one of the members of the Editorial Board, Dr. Harvey Risch, that reviewed several papers and argued that using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) + azithromycin (AZ) early to treat symptomatic COVID-19 cases in high-risk patients should be broadly applied. As members of the jou... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Management of COVID-19 in patients with seizures: mechanisms of action of potential COVID-19 drug treatments and consideration for potential drug-drug interactions with anti-seizure medications
### Response:
| In regard to the global pandemic of COVID-19, it seems that persons with epilepsy (PWE) are not more vulnerable to get infected by SARS-CoV-2, nor are they more susceptible to a critical course of the disease. However, management of acute seizures in patients with COVID-19 as well as management of PWE and COVID-19 need... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Rheumatic Disease in Adult Patients During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Version 3: Comment on the Article by Mikuls et al
### Response:
| It is with great pleasure that we read the work by Mikuls and colleagues (1) regarding pertinent consensus‐based guidelines for managing rheumatic diseases under the context of COVID‐19. We would first like to note that our nationwide retrospective cohort studies have shown that hydroxychloroquine treatment not only pr... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
A Case Series of Five People Living with HIV Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Chicago, Illinois
### Response:
| The risk of COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) is largely unknown and there have been very few reported cases in the literature. We report a case series of five PLWH with COVID-19. We identified all patients with a diagnosis of HIV who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at University of Chicago Medicine between M... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
555 Torsade-de-pointes electrical storm late after treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for COVID-19
### Response:
| A 78-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to multiple brief episodes of transient loss of consciousness. She was recently hospitalized elsewhere for SARS-CoV-2 infection and she had been discharged two days before. During the previous hospitalization she had been treated with hydroxychloroquine 400 mg twice ... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases on chronic use of hydroxychloroquine in a large Brazilian cohort-a 24-week prospective study
### Response:
| Background: The role of chronic use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in rheumatic disease (RD) patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still subject of discussion. Objectives: To compare the occurrence of COVID-19 and its outcomes between RD patients on HCQ use with individuals from the same household not taking the drug... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Awareness and Impact of Hydroxychloroquine / Chloroquine prophylaxis among the Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An observational study
### Response:
| Background: Various modalities are under study for prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus. One such modality is use of Hydroxychloroquine/Choloroquine. The objective of survey was to understand the awareness and impact of HCQ/CQ prophylaxis among the health care workers (HCWs) including surgeons and anaesthetist... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
The Weight of Evidence From Electrophysiology, Observational, and Cardiovascular End Point Studies Demonstrates the Safety of Azithromycin
### Response:
| Increased use of azithromycin (AZ) in treating infections associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and reports of increased incidence of prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval associated with AZ used with hydroxychloroquine prompted us to review the latest evidence in the literature, present additional analys... |
### Instruction:
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
### Response:
Hydroxychloroquine Controversies: Clinical Trials, Epistemology, and the Democratization of Science
### Response:
| The claim that anti-malaria drugs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, can cure COVID-19 became a focus of fierce political battles that pitted promoters of these pharmaceuticals, Presidents Bolsonaro and Trump among them, against "medical elites." At the center of these battles are different meanings of effectiveness ... |
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