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Laughing gas is | Humphry Davy coined the name "laughing gas" for nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula N2O. At room temperature, it is a colourless, non-flammable gas, with a slight metallic scent and taste. At elevated temperatures, nitrou... | 1 | Nitrous oxide | Halothane | Chloroform | Diethylether | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 37d49c49-8b4d-4d46-9c9b-a3233fa32ea5 | single |
Anaesthetic circuit that prevents rebreathing of CO2 | Different anaesthetic breathing circuits are Mapleson circuits and circle system. Circle system is a closed circuit, so called because it has inbuilt CO2 absorbers. It prevents rebreathing of exhaled air | 4 | Magil's circuit | Mapleson D circuit | Ayre's piece | Circle system | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | 978accf4-8843-4840-82cd-69818910d389 | single |
Drug contraindicated in renal failure is | B i.e. Pethidine Meperidine (pethidine, demerol), a phenylpiperidine is metabolized chiefly in liver to nonmeperidine, which is eliminated by the kidney and liver. In patients or addicts who are tolerant to the depressant effects of meperidine, large doses repeated at sho interval may produce an excitatory syndrome inc... | 2 | Morphine | Pethidine | Fentanyl | Alfentanil | Anaesthesia | null | f5fac5f4-1023-4ba1-a8cd-80625f86d2dd | single |
Lumbar puncture was done in a patient with raised intracranial tension. The patient died suddenly on the table. The cause of the death is most likely to be | (B) Tentorial herniation # Lumbar puncture was done in a patient with raised intracranial tension. The patient died suddenly on the table. The cause of the death is most likely to be:- Tentorial herniation | 2 | Middle cerebral artery hemorrhage | Tentorial herniation | Rupture of an aneurysm | Loss of CSF | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous | 9cfd5ca4-6af8-4235-ab10-3455e93e345b | single |
During induction of general anesthesia, administration of oxygen with high concentration of nitrous oxide and halothane hastens the uptake of halothane, this is known as | During induction ofgeneral anesthesia, when a large volume of a gas (nitrous oxide) is taken up from alveoli into pulmonary capillary blood, the concentration of gases remaining in the alveoli is increased. This results in effects known as the second gas effect. These effects occur because of the contraction of alveola... | 3 | Fink effect | Concentration effect | Second gas effect | Third gas effect | Anaesthesia | Inhalational Anesthetic Agents | 40d4a2bf-0dd6-4978-85ec-81bcafa94b0f | single |
During G.A. shivering is abolished by suppression of | A i.e. Hypothalmus Temperature regulation during G.A. OWI Normally hypothalmus maintain core body temperatureQ (central blood temperature) within very narrow range (intehreshold range). Temperature of patient undergoing G.A. should be monitored (except for < 15 minutes procedure) by thermistor or thermocouple with a pr... | 1 | Hypothalmus | Thalmus | Cerebral Coex | Medulla | Anaesthesia | null | 7b975b29-6a00-47c0-922f-52691d26da57 | single |
Shoest acting skeletal muscle relaxant is | Suxamethonium (succinylcholine) is the shoest acting skeletal muscle relaxantMivacurium is the shoest acting nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant.(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.205-211) | 1 | Suxamethonium | Mivacurium | Pancuronium | Vecuronium | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 41503c68-c34f-4ea0-b58a-6f023a0264ed | single |
Most commonly used local anaesthetics | BupivacaineBupivacaine is 2nd most commonly used local anaesthetic (after lidocaine)Bupivacaine has the highest local tissue irritancy amongst local anaestheticsIt is the most cardiotoxic local anaestheticLevobupivacaine (The S(-) enantiomer of bupivacaine) is less cardiotoxic and less prone to cause seizureConcentrati... | 2 | Dibucaine | Bupivacaine | Prilocaine | Tetracaine | Anaesthesia | All India exam | b030f822-ba34-43cc-98c2-f250975541c7 | single |
Nephrotoxic agent is | A i.e. Methoxy flurane | 1 | Methoxy flurone | Isoflurone | Halothane | N20 | Anaesthesia | null | ae0c08d1-8f64-49a0-8928-e03d32c53b3a | single |
Gas cylinder with single pin index | Entonox has an pin index number of 7 . Air - 1 , 5 ; Oxygen- 2 , 5 ; N20 - 3 , 5 . CO2 - 1 ,6 ; Cyclopropane - 3 , 6 ; Heliox - 4 , 6 . PIN index number is developed to prevent incorect cylinder attachment . | 4 | Oxygen | Air | Titrogen | Entonox | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | cbea2c66-a701-499a-86c1-13a055a062f8 | single |
Levosimendan is approved in | Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer -- it increases the sensitivity of the hea to calcium, thus increasing cardiac contractility without a rise in intracellular calcium.Has been approved for use in acute cardiac failure in EuropeKatzung 13e pg: 220 | 1 | Hea failure | Kidney failure | Liver failure | Endocrine crisis | Anaesthesia | Muscle relaxants | e2456f9a-7470-4e13-99fe-3176866d0a57 | single |
Malignant hyperthermia is | Malignant hyperthermia is autosomal dominant disease. It is characterized by metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia.
i.v dantrolene infusion is used for treatment. | 2 | Autosomal recessive pharamacogenetic disease | Succinylcholine is a triggering agent | Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia | Calcium infusion is used for treatment. | Anaesthesia | null | 00d9efd9-cc33-4f14-8e6c-76eefaa1f408 | single |
Commonly used route of administration for general anaesthesia is | Ans. b (Intravenous). (Ref: Anesthesia by Ajay Yadav 2nd/pg. 71; KD Tripathi, 5th/pg. 342)INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHESIA# The most commonly used route of administration used for general anesthesia is IV for induction of anesthesia and inhalational agents are preferred for maintenance.# The most commonly used IV anesthetic age... | 2 | Inhalational | Intravenous | Intraarterial | Subcutaneous | Anaesthesia | General Anesthesia | d5c6d1c1-f794-4e57-9417-1be5128111aa | single |
Duration of action of Lidocaine with adrenaline | Duration of action of lidocaine with adrenaline is 2-3 hours. Adrenaline enhances both speed and quality of block, It also prolong effect of lignocaine and reduce the peak blood level and toxicity by reducing the local blood supply duration of action of lidocaine whithout adrenaline is 30-90min | 3 | 15-30 minutes | 30-60 minutes | 2-3 hours | 3-6 hours | Anaesthesia | Regional anaesthesia | 8d960f53-4590-43f8-835a-6f776efc76fa | single |
Percentage of hepatitis after halothane use | The first modern halogenated volatile anesthetic, halothane, was introduced in 1955. Clinical exposure to halothane is associated with two distinct types of hepatic injury. Subclinical hepatotoxicity occurs in 20% of adults who receive halothane. It is characterized by mild postoperative elevations in alanine aminotran... | 3 | 20% | 40% | 1 in 30000 | 1 in 3000 | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | f39377ef-8c1e-40b6-b421-ce9075dd95b6 | single |
Dissociative anaesthesia is produced by | Dissociative anaesthesia is characterized by profound analgesia, immobility, amnesia with light sleep and feeling of dissociation from once own body and the surroundings - Cataleptic stateKetamine (phencyclidine) induces dissociative anaesthesia.(Refer: stoelting's pharmacology and physiology in anaesthetic practice, 5... | 1 | Ketamine | Etomidate | Propofol | Thiopentone | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 8e5d7def-3e49-47b7-83ca-bc1d5aff248c | single |
Maximum global warming is by | Desflurane is a greenhouse gasIt causes maximum global warmingGlobal warming potential (as an equal amount of CO2)Isoflurane210 timesSevoflurane510 timesDesflurane 1620 times (Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no. 170) | 1 | Desflurane | Isoflurane | Sevoflurane | Halothane | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 667a7c0d-40f9-4a33-81ee-6a03148ee24b | single |
Maximum safe dose of bupivacaine | Maximum safe dose of bupivacaine is 2 mg/kg with or without adrenaline. | 2 | 1 mg/kg | 2 mg/kg | 3 mg/kg | 5 mg/kg | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 082767e6-e33b-471e-b8df-1446467a032f | single |
Anaesthetic agent of choice in congenital heart disease with right to left shunt is | Ketamine being sympathomimetic causes raised left sided pressures, which obstructs shunt flow. | 4 | Thiopentone | Propofol | Etomidate | Ketamine | Anaesthesia | null | a701f10b-ba4f-4512-8fa2-92629238a880 | single |
Best antagonist of Morphine | Ans. is 'c' Naloxone T/t of choice for morphine poisoning is Naloxone (6 mg. IV) repeated every 3 min till respiration picks up) It is preferred due to no agonistic action and no respiratory depression. Nalorphine is given only when Naloxone not available | 3 | Pentazocine | Buprenorphine | Naloxone | Nalorphine | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous General Anesthesia | 00f2a2ee-23ec-40d6-a80a-c6059c3292dc | single |
Least Cardiotoxic anaesthetic agent | B i.e. Isoflurane Isoflurane increases ICT but less than halothane & enflurane; which can be reversed by hyperventilation. So isoflurane is a preferable agent in raised ICT. Isoflurane is anaesthesia of choice (AOC) for neurosurgical procedureQ as it does not increase cerebral blood flow & CSF pressure. Of various inha... | 2 | Enflurane | Isoflurane | Sevoflurane | Halothane, Trilene, ketamine | Anaesthesia | null | 78604203-d384-446d-826c-e701bd41c001 | single |
Longest acting L.A | B i.e. Tetracaine | 2 | Bupivacaine | Tetracaine | Xylocaine | Procaine | Anaesthesia | null | 7c1db26f-e677-442a-95f1-f872ded8cfc4 | single |
Local anaesthetic acts by inhibition of | The nerve resting membrane potential is little affected by local anesthetics. As the concentration of local anesthetic applied to the nerve is increased, a decrease in the rate of depolarization and in the peak amplitude of the action potential occurs until the impulse is abolished. It is not possible, however, to deri... | 1 | Na channels | Mg channels | Ca channels | K channels | Anaesthesia | Fundamental concepts | 5e72fa22-530d-45a1-bc4b-b73c7cc1353e | single |
The inhalational agent of choice in children is | An inhaled induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in oxygen with or without nitrous oxide is a common method used in children because it does not require IV access. IV induction is selected in children who already have IV access, who request an IV induction, or for whom an IV induction is indicated (full stomach, per... | 2 | Methoxyflurane | Sevoflurane | Desflurane | Isoflurane | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 379287f7-a871-4ca6-98d1-8e8d14649b9a | single |
Colour coding of halothane , isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane is respectively | null | 2 | red, purple, blue , yellow | red , purple, yellow , blue | red , yellow, purple, blue | red, blue , purple, yellow | Anaesthesia | Anesthesia Machine | 625228a2-8b47-4a48-8f37-5c6de40bde78 | single |
For anesthesiology mild Systemic disease Included in ASA grade | null | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | Anaesthesia | null | 90f31f42-a9bb-4c39-9328-c527ed333b26 | single |
Maximum dose of lignocaine with adrenaline is (in mg/ kg) | Ans. c (7). (Ref. Harrisons Medicine, 18th/735)LIGNOCAINE# Maximum safest dose 3 mg/kg or 200 mg and with adrenaline 7 mg/kg or 500 mg.# Duration of effect 45 to 60 min and with adrenaline it is 2-3 hours.# Should not be given in patients with history of malignant hyperthermia.# Concentration usedo Surface topical anal... | 3 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 10 | Anaesthesia | Local and Regional Anesthesia | d86b98eb-c7ef-4052-ab4e-2b0c78dcdd58 | single |
Second gas effect is seen with | The second gas effect is a distinct phenomenon that occurs independently of the concentration effect. The ability of the large-volume uptake of one gas (first gas) to accelerate the rate of increase of the Pa of a concurrently administered companion gas (second gas) is known as the second gas effect. For example, the i... | 2 | Ether | Nitrous oxide | Halothane | Isoflurane | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 63e96e4e-910a-4a9c-aee3-fda2dbd05ac0 | single |
Concentration of adrenaline used with lignocaine | local anaesthetic + adrenaline (1:200000)
Fast onset
Less systemic toxicity
Prolonged duration | 4 | 0.180555556 | 1.430555556 | 1:20000 | 1:200000 | Anaesthesia | null | 20f8fae9-b3ad-4c99-9253-accfbff91537 | single |
For reduction of shoulder one of the following technique is appropriate | Interscalene approach: most intense at C5-C7 dermatomes and least intense at C8-T1(ulnar nerve area), most optimal for procedures on shoulderAxillary approach: most optimal for a procedure from elbow to hand | 2 | Spinal anesthesia | Interscalene block | Axillary brachial block | Bier block | Anaesthesia | Regional anaesthesia | 997217e9-3ce6-4588-a4a3-37abbb5c7249 | single |
Anesthetic agent (s) safe to use in TICP | B i.e. Thiopentone Anesthetic agents safe to use in raised intracranial pressure (ICP) are thiopentone, propofol & etomidateQ | 2 | Halothane | Thiopentone | Ketamine | Ether | Anaesthesia | null | 270e8637-7e7e-4078-a65a-6138e5e5bcdc | single |
Eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic (EMLA) cream is | Eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic (EMLA)This is unique topical preparation which can anaesthetize the intact skinIt is a mixture of 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5 prilocaineIt acts slowly and the cream must head in contact with the skin for at least 1 hourEMLA is used: to make venepuncture painless especially for children,... | 2 | Bupivacaine 2.0 + Prilocaine 2.5% | Lidocaine 2.5%+Prilocaine 2.5% | Lidocaine 2.5% + Prilocaine 5% | Bupivacaifne 0.5% + Lidocaine 2.55 | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 64967f5d-1d02-44f5-84cd-db884b4c49f0 | single |
The most impoant constituent in soda lime for reabsorption of CO2 in a closed circuit | Sodalime is most common Co2 absorbant . Indicators added to sodalime changes the color of sodalime . It contains 94% Ca(OH)2 , 5%NaOH,1% KOH. | 3 | Sodium hydroxide | Barium hydroxide | Calcium hydroxide | Potassium hydroxide | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | 88e2cf55-87a1-4d8f-ad51-97f3be6759e3 | single |
Commonest complication of subclan venous puncture is | Pleura being in close proximity subclan cannulation has high incidence of pneumothorax other common problem is malposition of catheter due to its touous course. | 2 | Infection | Pneumothorax | Carotid aery puncture | Atrial perforation | Anaesthesia | Monitoring in Anesthesia | 492867fe-ec5c-46ee-84ac-ba1c389e5060 | single |
Cis atracurium is prefferd over atracurium due to advantage of aEUR' | No histamine release Cisatracurium is a stereoisomer of Atracurium Unlike atracurium cisatracurium does not produce a consistent dose dependent increase in plasma histamine -Atracurium triggers dose dependent histamine release that becomes significant at dose above 5mg/kg. - The release is dose dependent such that with... | 3 | >Rapid onset | >Sho duration of action | >No histamine release | Less cardiodepressant | Anaesthesia | null | 35c85a06-2289-4a6e-81fa-57d0605ffa19 | single |
Dexmedetomidine is | Dexmedetomidine is alpha 2 agonist, more sensitive than clonidine. It is used to produce conscious sedation. | 2 | Selective alpha 2 blocker | Agent of choice for conscious sedation | Less sensitive to alpha 2 receptors than clonidine | Good analgesic | Anaesthesia | null | 79e99245-a83c-4586-ad85-9503956afc34 | single |
Percentage of tetracaine used in eye surgery | Cataract surgery can be performed using topical anaesthesia alone. Tetracaine 0.5% and Lidocaine 4% can be used. Advantages of this method are that it avoids the potential complications with retrobulbar and peribulbar injections. Disadvantages include the potential for eye movement during surgery, increased patient anx... | 1 | 0.50% | 1% | 2% | 4% | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 5ef243be-ae7a-4771-b3f9-d0fdf12e3f22 | single |
In spinal anaesthesia the needle pierced upto | Ans. d (Subarachnoid space). (Ref. Harrisons, Medicine, 18th/735)SPINAL ANESTHESIA# The term "spinal anesthesia" was coined in 1885 by Leonard Corning.Technique of spinal anesthesia:# In spinal anaesthesia the spinal needle is pierced upto subarachnoid space where the anaesthetic agent is injected to produce the anaest... | 4 | Subdural space | Extradural space | Epidural space | Subrachnoid space | Anaesthesia | Local and Regional Anesthesia | 5c230271-f1c6-4a71-9ccf-2955c8d5456c | single |
Total cerebral metabolic failure occurs at blood flow of | A i.e. 10 ml/100 gm/min | 1 | 10 m1/100 gm/min | 20 m1/100 gm/m1 | 30 m1/100 gm/min | 40 m1/100 gm/ml | Anaesthesia | null | a1ad0acf-01b2-4a86-8f0e-384d9355fb38 | single |
Anaesthetic agent that predisposes to maximum arrhhmias | Halothane-catecholamine sensitization also promotes abnormal automaticity of dominant and latent atrial pacemakers. These effects may produce premature ventricular contractions and arrhythmias originating from the His bundle. Intact sinoatrial node function reduces the incidence of epinephrine induced ventricular escap... | 3 | Isoflurance | Enflurane | Halothane | Ether | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | f9f0eabb-d2a5-4f24-b509-93ecc05371e4 | single |
Least analgesic | C i.e. Halothane | 3 | N20 | Ether | Halothane | Cyclopropane | Anaesthesia | null | ca7d52c7-5259-4683-ba35-62d39247dcf8 | single |
Thiopentone is contraindicated in | Being an enzyme inducer (ALA synthetase) thiopentone precipitates porphyria. | 3 | Narcoanalysis | Neurosurgery | Acute intermittent porphyria | Induction of anaesthesia | Anaesthesia | null | cb504581-4769-4188-90b0-8a4b2e20f95f | single |
A 30 yr old man with paraplegia, the muscle relaxant should be avoided for tracheal intubation will be | Succinylcholine can cause hyperkalemia in paraplegic patients due to proliferation of extrajunctional receptor. Conditions causing susceptibility to succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia in an order. Myopathies (eg, Duchenne's dystrophy) Spinal cord injury Encephalitis Stroke Guillain-Barre syndrome Severe Parkinson's d... | 1 | Suxamethonium | Vecuronium | Rocuronium | Mivacurium | Anaesthesia | Neuromuscular Blocker | c59f9f2f-6101-419e-b6b4-9e466d96255e | single |
site of action of vecuronium is | Vecuronium is the non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker, acts on nicotinic receptors(Nm) at myoneural junction. | 4 | Cerebrum | Reticular formation | Motor neuron | Myoneural junction | Anaesthesia | Muscle relaxants | 877c0db2-dba0-4d41-aec4-ea0984853b96 | single |
Depth of anaesthesia can be best assessed by | Monitors used to assess depth of anesthesia: Electroencephalography (EEG) Bispectral index (BIS) Entropy Evoked responses (EP) - Motor EP, sensory EP (Auditory, visual, brain stem evoked potential) Patient safety index Narcotrend | 4 | Pulse oximeter | End tidal Pco2 | ABG analysis | Bispectral index | Anaesthesia | Monitoring in Anesthesia | 25a3189a-14ec-4748-89e1-68cfcdf35325 | single |
Anti pruritic property is seen with | Propofol has anti pruritic property. | 2 | Thiopentone | Propofol | Etomidate | Ketamine | Anaesthesia | null | 108e5590-53b9-4d43-83b3-6d06e55ab312 | single |
Safe inducing agent in malignant hyperpyrexia is | Propofol | 4 | Thiopentone | Etomidate | Halothane | Propofol | Anaesthesia | null | 8e07e0a0-cb16-46cc-aea9-c870878b84ca | single |
Local Anesthetic first used | Cocaine was the earliest used local anaesthesia(1st time used by Carl Koller in 1884 for occular surgery) cocaine is a naturaly occuring ester linked local anesthetic | 4 | Procaine | Lignocaine | Bupivacaine | Cocaine | Anaesthesia | Regional anaesthesia | 7b1edff7-f9d7-419a-8052-8445d99304f8 | single |
Aschners reflex is seen in | Aschners reflex is also called occulocardiac reflex. Aschners reflex is called oculocardiac reflex. The Oculocardiac reflex, also known as Aschner phenomenon, Aschner reflex, or Aschner-Dagnini reflex, is a decrease in pulse rate associated with traction applied to extraocular muscles and/or compression of the eyeball.... | 4 | Cardiac surgery | Neurosurgery | Spinal anesthesia | Squint surgery | Anaesthesia | Monitoring in Anesthesia | e8e28138-0885-45ad-9bab-b6af859623d0 | single |
Maximum duration of action is seen with | Non-depolarising blockers : Long acting (>50mins) : d-Tubocurare, Pancuronium, Doxacurium, Pipecuronium. Intermediate acting (20-50mins) : Vecuronium, Atracurium ,Cisatracurium, Rocuronium . Sho acting (<20mins) : Mivacurium,Rapacuronium. | 3 | Atracurium | Rocurium | Pancuronium | Rapacurium | Anaesthesia | Muscle relaxants | bb0ab310-66e7-4641-8d8c-07a572432390 | single |
Colour of O2 cylinder | D i.e. Black & White | 4 | Gray | Orange | Blue | Black & White | Anaesthesia | null | dd0513da-29b8-4054-8749-637bcf06e81a | single |
High air flow oxygen enriched devices | High air flow oxygen enriched devices are fixed performance devices and deliver constant concentration of oxygen. They require face masks with holes to enable high volumes of air to entrained. | 2 | Are variable performance devices | Deliver constant concentrations of oxygen | Require oxygen entrainment | Require closed face masks. | Anaesthesia | null | 070645fa-2c6c-456c-9850-3712cff82c17 | single |
Afferent nerve fibre affected by local anesthesia first | C i.e. Type C | 3 | Type A | Type Il - B | Type C | Type II | Anaesthesia | null | fa402eca-0d02-4396-b307-0d32ea825c70 | single |
Bone marrow depression is seen with chronic administration of | (Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.163-168) | 2 | Isoflurane | N2O | Ether | Halothane | Anaesthesia | All India exam | a223166e-c26f-480b-9450-980a9395053f | single |
The most appropriate circuit for ventilating a spontaneously breathing infant during anaesthersia is | (Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.33) | 1 | Jackson rees modification of Ayre's t piece | Mapleson a or magill'scircuint | Mapleson c or Waters to and fro canister | Bains circuit | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 8ae22f97-2d54-405a-a8a3-90574798f1a1 | single |
Anaesthesia breathing circuit recommended for spontaneous breathing is | TypeA or Magills circuit is used in Spontaneous ventilation. Type D is used in controlled ventilation. TypeB and Type C are obselete nowadays | 1 | Mapleson A | Mapleson B | Mapleson C | Mapleson D | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | c403aa56-c462-44e1-af85-3a42285d2252 | single |
Hoffman's elimination is feature of | Ans. d (Atracurium) (Ref KDT 6th !345; Anaesthesia by Ajay yadav, 2nd ed., p. 90)The unique feature of atracurium is inactivation in plasma by spontaneous nonenzymatic degradation (Hofmann elimination) in addition to that by cholinesterases. Consequently its duration of action is not altered in patients with hepatic/re... | 4 | Pancuronium | Thiopentone | Vecuronium | Atracurium | Anaesthesia | Muscle Relaxant | 38b3a4c3-97cf-4503-a241-f0097fd5dbd5 | single |
Dose of Thiopentone used for induction is | C i.e. 5 mg/kg | 3 | 1 mg/kg | 2 mg/ kg | 5 mg/ kg | 10 mg/kg | Anaesthesia | null | 5629f0a7-e6ea-415f-9e9a-6cd2a0c236bf | single |
The most common cranial nerve involved in spinal anesthesia | cranial nerve VI is most commonly affected during spinal Anaesthesia. Dural puncture - a critical step in performing spinal anesthesia - was first introduced by Quinke in 1891, and sholy thereafter, Bier repoed the first case of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). Bier proposed that ongoing leakage of cerebrospinal fl... | 2 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 10 | Anaesthesia | Central Neuraxial Blockade | 1b45fcfd-7056-477e-a298-1c8da0d20d30 | single |
Foleys catheter 16 F means | 16 mm outer diameter | 2 | 16 mm inner diameter | 16 mm outer diameter | 16 mm circumference | 16 mm for 16 years old | Anaesthesia | null | d53beb4c-aa5d-4a52-b85f-7a5c6c1c2bbe | single |
Maternal supine hypotension syndrome can be minimized by | Removal of aortocaval compression with left-uterine displacement in patients undergoing general or regional anaesthesia, can minimize maternal supine hypotension. | 2 | Left-Hip elevation | Left-Uterine displacement | Regional anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | Anaesthesia | null | 84bb066b-b824-4fef-a5af-f95c54b93d40 | single |
An 8 year old child is brought to the emergency room with testicular torsion. The parents tell you that he ate sandwich 6 hours ago. Surgeon wants to operate immediately. Your response should be | Testicular torsion requires immediate investigation and possible surgery to preserve viable testis. | 2 | Wait for 2 more hours, deem it urgent, do rapid-sequence intubation | Take him to the OT, deem it emergent, do rapid-sequence intubation | He is adequately fasting, consider elective intubation | Wait for 2 hours, consider elective intubation | Anaesthesia | null | 27556f28-cce3-45a1-b569-d9e8a4c0c76b | single |
Shoest acting local anesthetic agent is | Classification Amide type Long acting * Bupivacaine * Levo-Bupivacaine * Ropivacaine * Dibucaine Intermediate acting * Lidocaine (lignocaine) * Mepivacaine * Prilocaine * Aicaine Ester type Long acting * Tetracaine (amethocaine) Intermediate acting * Cocaine Sho acting * Procaine * Chloroprocaine * Benzocaine * Propara... | 1 | Procaine | Lidocaine | Tetracaine | Bupivacaine | Anaesthesia | null | 1e2cea51-869e-40d5-a7d3-0c3e7af948d1 | single |
Arrange following structures as pierced by spinal needle during spinal block (from outside to inside) i) Interspinous ligaments ii) Ligamentum flavum iii) Supra spinous ligament iv) Epidural space | Structures as pierced by spinal needle during spinal block (from outside to inside): iii)Supra spinous ligament i) Interspinous ligaments ii) Ligamentum flavum iv) Epidural space | 3 | (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) | (ii), (iv), (i), (iii) | (iii), (i), (ii), (iv) | (ii), (iii), (i), (iv) | Anaesthesia | Regional Anesthesia | 46a54b7e-55b6-45f1-a18a-4643f96b2c28 | single |
A five year old is scheduled for strabismus surgery. As the surgeon grasps medial rectus muscle anesthesiologist carefully monitors the pulse. This is for | Aschners reflex is called oculocardiac reflex. TheOculocardiac reflex, also known asAschner phenomenon, Aschner reflex, or Aschner-Dagnini reflex, is a decrease in pulse rate associated with traction applied to extraocular muscles and/or compression of the eyeball. The reflex is mediated by nerve connections between th... | 2 | Assessing the depth of anesthesia | Detecting Aschners reflex | Rule out ventricular dysrrhythmias | Detecting hypotension | Anaesthesia | Monitoring in Anesthesia | 90c2a5df-b166-41ef-a06a-b765b35389ae | single |
Indication for nasotracheal intubation is | It is the most common method used for giving anaesthesia in oral surgeries as it provides a good field for surgeons to operate.Other options are contraindications. | 1 | Oral surgeries | Coagulopathy | Basilar skull fractures | Maxillary fractures | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | 112e2061-52cc-40aa-9f4b-e0d66f9ad086 | single |
Site of action of epidural analgesia | C i.e. Substantia gelatinosa Opoid receptors are maximum in Lamina 2 (substantia gelatinosa) Lamina 5 of spinal cord. So Epidural Narcotics acts mainly on substantia gelatinosa Common side effects of intraspinal/ epidural opioids are pruritis (itching), nausea - vomiting; urinary retention, sedation, ileus and dose dep... | 3 | Sensory nerve endings | Ventral horn | Substantia gelatinosa | Coex | Anaesthesia | null | 11d019a4-5f67-45b1-9aba-7fe494a0991e | single |
The following combination of agents are the most preferred for short day care surgeries | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Propofol, fentanyl, isoflurane For day care surgery patients are sent back home the same day. Therefore you need agents which are rapidly eliminated so that no after effects are left. The agents used are-PropofolAlfentanilRemifentanilN2OIsofluraneSevofluraneDesflurane | 1 | Propofol, fentanyl, isoflurane | Thiopentone sodium, morphine, halothane | Ketamine, pethidine, halothane | Propofol, morphine, halothane | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous General Anesthesia | a1cf6329-0e6c-43ef-8e03-1e63b7d04dfd | single |
Respiratory irritation is seen with | Trichloroethlyene | 3 | Ether | Halothane | Trichloroethlyene | Cyclopropane | Anaesthesia | null | f458a077-8a1d-4cd1-ad2c-350d39d2c25d | single |
Seen after tracheostomy | Tracheostomy decreases all three :- V/P ratio, dead space, resistance to air flow. | 3 | Inversion of V/P ratio | Increased V/P ratio | Decreased in dead space | Increased resistance of air flow | Anaesthesia | null | 9454c825-0c6d-4b01-93ef-982a74e433b2 | single |
Circuit of choice for controlled ventilation | Bains co-axial system is used in controlled ventilation.Fresh gas flow required to prevent rebreathing is 1.6MV. | 3 | Magill circuit | Type C | Type D | Type E | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | 33f8abac-ca6f-4216-b76a-648faa231a2c | single |
Emergency tracheostomy is not indicated in | Emergency tracheostomy is not indicated in asthma. | 4 | Foreign body larynx | Bilateral vocal cord paralysis | Stridor due to laryngeal growth | Acute severe asthma | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia | 49c16a5a-0cb3-48cb-877c-b1fbe84f0298 | single |
The penaz technique | Penaz technique is a continuous non-invasive method of BP monitoring. Infra-red plethysmograph is mounted on the pneumatic cuff. | 2 | Is invasive | Uses plethysmography | Does not require a pneumatic cuff | Is suitable in presence of peripheral vascular disease | Anaesthesia | null | 2502c9b0-89d1-4bd3-be38-eded5311e5ed | single |
Gas stored in liquid form is | N20 is stored in blue steel cylinders as a colorless liquid under 745 psi pressure and is in equilibrium with the gas phase (approximately 50 atmospheres at room temperature). The tank maintains that pressure until it is empty. | 2 | Carbon dioxide | Nitrous oxide | Cyclopropane | Oxygen | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | f9699360-8d93-45e2-9bcf-5328f354190d | single |
Person with RYR1 receptor mutation should avoid | (A) Succinylcholine# Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) or Malignant Hyperpyrexia is a rare life-threatening condition that is usually triggered by exposure to certain drugs used for general anesthesia -- specifically the volatile anesthetic agents and succinylcholine, a neuromuscular blocking agent.> In susceptible individua... | 1 | Succinylcholine | Nitrous oxide | Lidocaine | Propofol | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous | 8c875261-3ba6-43ab-9d74-c26a3a7cbb47 | single |
Pain Assessment Tool is best done by | (B) TachycardiaPAT - Pain Assessment ToolParameters012Posture/tone ExtendedDigits widespreadShoulders raised off bedFlexed and/or tenseFists clenchedTrunk guardingLimbs drawn to midlineHead and shoulder resist posturingCryNo YesWhen disturbedDoesn't settle after handlingLoudWhimperingWhiningSleep patternRelaxed Agirate... | 2 | Ask patient | Tachycardia | Tachypnea | Bradypnea | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous | abe79175-df99-4942-98bc-9a5532ee3f70 | single |
Hepatitis can be a complication of ...... | Metabolic byproduct of halothane can cause autoimmune hepatitis. Halothane hepatitisis rare with an incidence of 1 per 35,000 cases but very fatal, with amoality of 50-75%. It is an immune mediated due to antibodies against highly reactive trifluoroacetyl chloride which is a metabolite of halothane. Risk factors for ha... | 1 | Halothane | Enflurane | Methoxyflurane | Enflurane | Anaesthesia | Inhalational Anesthetic Agents | 1f2fbb5b-80d2-4437-a44e-c794a8681a78 | single |
Intraocular Pressure is lowered by A/E (or increased by) | A i.e. Ketamine | 1 | Ketamine | Morphine | Halothane | Thiopentane | Anaesthesia | null | d967e9ec-9d24-4638-bca4-a17d84cc4b21 | single |
The given device is used for | The device shown is a peripheral nerve stimulator, which delivers train of four stimulus to peripheral nerve (ulnar nerve) to assess adequacy of muscle relaxation. | 2 | To monitor depth of anaesthesia | To monitor adequacy of paralysis | To monitor temperature | To monitor expired carbon dioxide | Anaesthesia | null | 9fef8245-8333-4e66-8fe0-4478a2781bea | single |
Vasoconstriction is seen with | Ans. is 'b' i.e. cocaine All local anaesthetic cause vasodilation except for cocaine which causes vasoconstriction. | 2 | Lignocaine | Cocaine | Idiotocaine | Bupivacaine | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous (Local and Regional Anesthesia) | 0f8cf124-90af-4008-ac1a-fc46ac08894a | single |
The anaesthetic agent that causes maximum increase in intracranial pressure is | By dilating cerebral vessels, halothane lowers cerebral vascular resistance and increases cerebral blood volume and CBF. Autoregulation, the maintenance of constant CBF during changes in aerial blood pressure, is blunted. Concomitant rises in intracranial pressure can be prevented by establishing hyperventilation befor... | 2 | Isoflurane | Halothane | Enflurane | Desflurane | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 6e5f7d29-7193-4fcb-b145-9ab9f453760e | single |
Best anaesthesia for status asthamaticus | B i.e. Ketamine | 2 | Thiopentone | Ketamine | Ether | N20 | Anaesthesia | null | c2d56954-1df3-4740-b92b-b33da9fd9707 | single |
Arrange the following the anticoagulant drug's last dose to be stopped before surgery in ascending order{time} 1)Clopidogrel 2)Ticlopidine 3)low molecular wt heparin 4)Warfarin | The following drugs has tobe continued on the day of surgery: Antihypeensive medications Cardiac medications (e.g.,b-blockers, digoxin) Antidepressants, anxiolytics, and other psychiatric medications Thyroid medications Anticonvulsantmedications Asthma medications. Steroids (oral and inhaled) Drugs that should be disco... | 2 | 2>1>3>4 | 3>4>1>2 | 4>3>2>1 | 3>4>2>1 | Anaesthesia | Anaesthesia Q Bank | 2ce1c9e1-5bb9-426a-b350-bbc28cf9e02e | single |
The pulse oximetry reading is affected in | Pulse oximetry values can be erroneous in dark skin. But in all other cases it is normal. | 4 | Anemia | Jaundice | Red nail polish | Dark skin | Anaesthesia | null | 2770f161-919a-43df-bee9-e2132123e79c | single |
Malignant hypehermia is caused by | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Succinylcholine + halothane | 1 | Succinylcholine + halothane | Propranolol | Lidocaine | Bupivacaine | Anaesthesia | null | 86d28be8-e596-467b-ad3b-f9fd9a4d4496 | single |
Fulminant hepatic failure can be caused by | The first modern halogenated volatile anesthetic, halothane, was introduced in 1955. Clinical exposure to halothane is associated with two distinct types of hepatic injury. Subclinical hepatotoxicity occurs in 20% of adults who receive halothane. It is characterized by mild postoperative elevations in alanine aminotran... | 1 | Halothane | Isoflurane | Nitrous oxide | Phenobarbitone | Anaesthesia | Fundamental concepts | 8ca00678-1009-45dd-8419-a32a0735505c | single |
Absolute contraindication for Thiopentone sodium is\ | (B) Acute intermittent porphyria # ThiOPENTONE SODIUM - Contraindications: Thiopentone sodium is contraindicated in history of Barbiturate hypersensitivity.> Acute intermittent porphyria (cause LMN paralysis or CVS collapse); Anticipated airway obstruction.> Fixed cardiac output states> Shock, Hepatic/Renal dysfunction... | 2 | Respiratory depression | Acute intermittent porphyria | Liver failure | Pregnancy | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous | ec888df2-00b3-4843-bc06-eca2b21861e7 | single |
Ketamine is safe in | D i.e. Severe Shock | 4 | Raised ICT | Open eye injury | Ischemic hea disease | Severe shock | Anaesthesia | null | 5246fb47-b7f8-42d5-9c97-58816b386352 | single |
Position for orotracheal intubation | Flexing of cervical joint at neck approx. 25-30degrees and extension of atlanto -occipital joint (head) approx. 85-110degrees enables oropharyngeal, pharyngolaryngeal and laryngotracheal axis in one line that allows easy intubation -This position is called as SNIFFING POSITION. | 4 | Extension of neck and atlanto-occipital joint | Extension of only neck | Flexion of neck only | Flexion of neck and extension of atlanto-occipital joint | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | 9d2d70b3-9ef0-43f9-9d09-005ff279d8fd | single |
Helium is used along with oxygen instead of plain oxygen because | Helium is used because it decreases the turbulence. | 2 | It increases the absorption of oxygen | It decreases turbulence | It decreases the dead space | For analgesia | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia | d574d9f6-903f-458c-a310-5d611f7a98cf | single |
Local anaesthetics act by | Effecting the Na+ channel | 2 | Effecting the spinal level | Effecting the Na+ channel | Effecting the K+ channel | Blocking axonal transpo | Anaesthesia | null | bf8a8361-42f1-4670-935b-e4bc39c2c2d5 | single |
A severely ill patient was maintained on an infusional anaesthetic agent. On the 2nd day he staed detiorating. The probable culprit may be | A i.e. Etomidate; B i.e. Propofol Increased infection and moality in a group of patients sedated with etomidate infusion in an ICU was associated with low coisol levelsQ and is attributed to etomidate induced supression of adrenal coisal synthesisQ. Etomidate is a dose dependent but reversible inhibitor of 11 - hydroxy... | 1 | Etiomidate | Propofol | Opioid | Barbiturate | Anaesthesia | null | e962ef84-10de-4473-a0b5-8f0f013f6408 | single |
Plan C of anesthetic airway management is | C i.e. Inseion of laryngeal mask airway& fibrotic bronchoscopy American Society of Anesthsiologist (ASA) developed practice guidelines & an algorithm that involves four plans: Plans A, B, C, and D, which go in sequence. | 3 | Standard laryngoscopy & intubation | Intubation catheter guided intubation | Inseion of laryngeal mask airway & fiberoptic bronchoscopy | Cancel the surgery or perform tracheostony | Anaesthesia | null | 238970c8-609d-42bb-a37b-45b2b9c6be81 | single |
Not an intravenous anaesthetic | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cyclopropane | 4 | Etomidate | Thiopentone | Ketamine | Cyclopropane | Anaesthesia | null | 33bda780-b06c-4af4-b00a-8960c9ac3535 | single |
Shoest acting muscle relaxant | MivacuriumMivacurium is the shoest acting competitive blockersIt does not need reversal -can be used as an alternative to SCh for endotracheal intubationIt is metabolized rapidly by plasma cholinesterases -prolonged paralysis can occur in pseudocholinesterase deficiency Mivacurium is the only nondepolarising (competiti... | 3 | Pancuronium | Atracurium | Mivacurium | Vecuronium | Anaesthesia | All India exam | a4470496-0877-4c50-8993-0ab8233a80fd | single |
Depth of anesthesia can be best assessed by | Ans. d (Bispectral Index) (Ref. CSDT 12th/pg. Chapter 11 & Anaesthesia by Ajay Yadav, 2nd/pg. 45)MONITORING THE DEPTH OF ANESTHESIA# The Bispectral Index is a monitor that can be used in many cases to assess anesthetic depth.# It is measured from superficial scalp electrodes and is a processed electroencephalogram.# It... | 4 | Pulse oximeter | End-tidal PCO2 | Acid blood gas analysis | Bispectral index | Anaesthesia | Fundamental Concepts | e8cf3e05-02fd-4219-8f2a-71fed5681eed | single |
Pin index for Air is | PIN index number prevents wrong fitting of the cylinders . AIR - 1 ,5 02 - 2 ,5 N20 - 3 ,5 CO2 - 1 ,6 ; 2,6(Liquid) Cyclopropane 3 ,6 Entonox 7 | 4 | 1,4 | 2,5 | 5 | 1,5 | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | 2478f7b6-12f0-4611-90fe-e6a94f7c6995 | single |
Best to monitor intraoperative myocardial ischemia (infarction) is | C i.e. Transesophageal echocardiography Tranoesophageal echocardiography provides a real time picture of all 4 cardiac chambers and valves. It can identify any malfunctioning valves in addition to any wall motion abnormalities related to myocardia ischemia. It is very useful during anesthesia. Abnormal motion of ventri... | 3 | ECG | CVP monitoring | Transesophageal echocardiography | Invasive intracarotid aerial pressure | Anaesthesia | null | 2dad33e6-9207-4b2d-9b86-9aeff829c381 | single |
Administration of scoline (Sch) produces dangerous hyperkalemia in | Sch can cause dangerous hyperkalemia in burn, massive trauma, Crush injury ,Severe intraabdominal infection(sepsis),spinal cord injury, hemiplegia / paraplegia, muscular dystrophy ,GB syndrome, Rhabdomyolysis, Myasthenia Gracia, tetanus, severe parkinsonism,polyneuropathy,closed head injury, stroke ,encephalitis. Ref: ... | 4 | Acute renal failure (ARF) | Raised ICT | Fracture femur | Paraplegia | Anaesthesia | Muscle relaxants | 1ff2de69-e66e-481c-9df0-96595855c010 | single |
Fasciculations are caused by | Ans. a (Scoline). (Ref. KD Tripathi, Pharamacology, 6th ed., 150)SUXAMETHONIUM CHLORIDE OR SUCCINYL CHOLINE (SCOLINE)Introduction- It is a short acting muscle relaxant.- It is a phase II blocker.- Depolarising muscle i.e. depolarising block at motor end-plate.- It is dichlor ester of succinic acid.- The action lasts fo... | 1 | Scoline | Ketamine | Halothane | Atracurium | Anaesthesia | Muscle Relaxant | 889d7522-a081-4024-ad90-38873c42d2c8 | single |
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