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April (Apr.) is the fourth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and comes between March and May. It is one of the four months to have 30 days.
April always begins on the same day of the week as July, and additionally, January in leap years. April always ends on the same day of the week as December.... |
In common years, April starts on the same day of the week as October of the previous year, and in leap years, May of the previous year. In common years, April finishes on the same day of the week as July of the previous year, and in leap years, February and October of the previous year. In common years immediately afte... |
April is a spring month in the Northern Hemisphere and an autumn/fall month in the Southern Hemisphere. In each hemisphere, it is the seasonal equivalent of October in the other.
It is unclear as to where April got its name. A common theory is that it comes from the Latin word "aperire", meaning "to open", referring t... |
April in poetry
Poets use April to mean the end of winter. For example: April showers bring May flowers.
Events in April
Fixed Events |
April 1 - April Fools' Day
April 1 - Islamic Republic Day (Iran)
April 2 - International Children's Book Day
April 2 - Thai Heritage and Conservation Day
April 2 - World Autism Awareness Day
April 2 - Malvinas Day (Argentina)
April 4 - Independence Day (Senegal)
April 4 - International Day for Landmine Awareness... |
April 13 - Thomas Jefferson's Birthday (United States)
April 14 - Southeast Asian New Year festivals, including Songkran
April 14 - Georgian language Day
April 14 - Youth Day (Angola)
April 14 - Ambedkar Jayanti (India)
April 14 - Pan-American Day
April 15 - Tax Day (United States)
April 15 - Kim Il-Sung's Birth... |
April 19 - Patriots' Day (Massachusetts, Maine, Wisconsin)
April 20 - 4/20 in Cannabis Culture
April 21 - John Muir Day (California)
April 21 - San Jacinto Day (Texas)
April 21 - Kartini Day (Indonesia)
April 21 - National Tree Planting Day (Kenya)
April 21 - First Day of Ridran (Baha'i faith)
April 21 - Grounat... |
April 25 - Liberation Day (Italy)
April 25 - Army Day (North Korea)
April 26 - Union Day (Tanzania)
April 26 - Confederate Memorial Day (Texas, Florida)
April 27 - Independence Day (Sierra Leone and Togo)
April 27 - Freedom Day (South Africa)
April 27 - World Tapir Day
April 27 - King's Day (Netherlands) from 20... |
Moveable Events |
Easter-related events in Western Christianity:
Palm Sunday (between March 15 and April 18)
Maundy Thursday (between March 19 and April 22)
Good Friday (between March 20 and April 23)
Easter Sunday (between March 22 and April 25)
Easter Monday (between March 23 and April 26)
Eastern Orthodox Easter falls between A... |
Belgrade, Serbia
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Brighton, United Kingdom
Enschede, Netherlands
London, United Kingdom (held in October from 2020 to 2022 because of COVID-19)
Madrid, Spain
Paris, France
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Utrecht, Netherlands
Zurich, Switzerland |
Selection of Historical Events |
April 1, 1918 - The Royal Air Force is founded.
April 1, 1976 - Apple Inc. is founded.
April 1, 1979 - The Islamic Republic of Iran is founded.
April 1, 1999 - The territory of Nunavut is created in Northern Canada.
April 1, 2001 - The Netherlands introduces same-sex marriage, as the first country to do so.
April ... |
April 4, 1968 - Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee.
April 5, 1722 - Jacob Roggeveen becomes the first European to land on Easter Island, landing there on Easter Sunday.
April 6, 1320 - Scotland's independence is confirmed with the Declaration of Arbroath.
April 6, 1830 - The Mormon Church... |
April 10, 2010 - A plane crash near Smolensk, Russia, kills several people who were important in Poland, including President Lech Kaczynski.
April 11, 1814 - Napoleon Bonaparte is exiled to the island of Elba.
April 11, 1954 - Said to have been the most boring day of the 20th century.
April 12, 1861 - The American C... |
April 15, 1912 - The ship RMS Titanic sinks near Newfoundland after hitting an iceberg, resulting in the deaths of many of the people on board.
April 16, 1943 - Albert Hofmann discovers LSD's effects.
April 17, 1946 - Syria gains full independence from France.
April 17, 1955 - Albert Einstein dies.
April 18, 1906 -... |
April 20, 2010 - Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A massive fire on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico kills 11 workers and causes a massive oil spill, the worst spill in US history.
April 21, 753 BC - Legendary founding date of Rome
April 21, 1509 - Henry VIII of England becomes King.
April 21, 19... |
April 25, 1974 - Portugal's dictatorship is overthrown in a coup, in what is known as the Carnation Revolution.
April 26, 1937 - Spanish Civil War: German planes bomb the town of Guernica, Basque Country, later depicted in a painting by Pablo Picasso.
April 26, 1964 - Tanganyika and Zanzibar merge to form Tanzania.
... |
April 29, 1991 - A cyclone in Bangladesh kills an estimated 138,000 people.
April 29, 2011 - The wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge is broadcast worldwide.
April 30, 1789 - George Washington becomes the first President of the United States.
April 30, 1803 - The United St... |
Trivia
April has the 100th day of the year. April 10 in a common year, April 9 in a leap year.
In Western Christianity, Easter falls more often in April than in March.
The months around April (March and May) both start with an 'M' in the English language, with an 'A' as the second letter.
In the English language, ... |
Five current European monarchs were born in April. They are King Philippe of Belgium (April 15), Queen Margrethe II of Denmark (April 16), Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (April 16), King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (April 27), and King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (April 30). Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom an... |
04 |
August (Aug.) is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, coming between July and September. It has 31 days. It is named after the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar.
August does not begin on the same day of the week as any other month in common years, but begins on the same day of the week as February in le... |
August is named for Augustus Caesar who became Roman consul in this month. The month has 31 days because Julius Caesar added two days when he created the Julian calendar in 45 BC. August is after July and before September.
August, in either hemisphere, is the seasonal equivalent of February in the other. In the Northe... |
In common years, August starts on the same day of the week as March and November of the previous year, and in leap years, June of the previous year. In common years, August finishes on the same day of the week as March and June of the previous year, and in leap years, September of the previous year. In common years imm... |
August 1 National Day of Switzerland
August 1 Independence Day (Benin)
August 1 Emancipation Day (Bermuda, Guyana, Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago)
August 1 Army Day (People's Republic of China)
August 1 Lammas, cross-quarter day in the Celtic calendar
August 1 Statehood Day (Colorado)
August 2 Repu... |
August 13 Independence Day (Central African Republic)
August 14 Independence Day (Pakistan)
August 15 Assumption of Mary in Western Christianity
August 15 Independence Day (India)
August 15 Independence Day (Republic of the Congo)
August 15 Independence Day (Bahrain)
August 15 National Day of South Korea
... |
August 28 Assumption of Mary (Eastern Christianity)
August 29 National Uprising Day (Slovakia)
August 30 Constitution Day (Kazakhstan)
August 30 Republic Day (Tatarstan)
August 30 Victory Day (Turkey)
August 31 Independence Day (Kyrgyzstan)
August 31 Independence Day (Malaysia)
August 31 Independence Day... |
Moveable and Monthlong events
Edinburgh Festival, including the Military Tattoo at Edinburgh Castle, takes place through most of August and beginning of September.
UK Bank Holidays: First Monday in Scotland, last Monday in England and Wales
National Eisteddfod, cultural celebration in Wales: First week in August
... |
August 1 1291: Traditional founding date of Switzerland.
August 1 1914: World War I begins.
August 1 1944: Anne Frank makes the last entry in her diary.
August 1 1960: Dahomey (now called Benin) becomes independent.
August 2 1990: Iraq invades Kuwait.
August 3 1492: Christopher Columbus sets sail on his firs... |
August 9 1974: US President Richard Nixon resigns following the Watergate scandal, with Gerald Ford replacing him.
August 10 1792: Storming of the Tuileries Palace during the French Revolution
August 10 1809: Beginning of Ecuadorean independence movement.
August 11 1960: Chad becomes independent.
August 13 196... |
August 17 1962: Peter Fechter becomes the first person to be shot dead at the Berlin Wall.
August 19 43 BC: Augustus becomes Roman consul.
August 19 14: Augustus dies.
August 19 1919: Afghanistan becomes independent.
August 19 1991: The August Coup against Mikhail Gorbachev, in the Soviet Union, begins.
Augus... |
August 27 1991: Moldova becomes independent from the Soviet Union.
August 28 1963: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom takes place, where Martin Luther King, Jr. makes his "I Have a Dream" speech for Civil Rights in the United States.
August 29 2005: Hurricane Katrina wreaks devastation in Alabama, Missis... |
Trivia
Along with July, August is one of two calendar months to be named after people who really lived (July was named for Julius Caesar and August was named for Augustus).
Only one US President has died in August, Warren G. Harding, on August 2, 1923.
August's flower is the Gladiolus with the birthstone being peri... |
Art is a creative activity. It produces a product, an object. Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, performing subjects, and expressing the author's thoughts. The product of art is called a work of art, for others to experience.
Some art is useful in a practical sense, such as a sculptured cla... |
Types of art
Art is divided into the plastic arts, where something is made, and the performing arts, where something is done by humans in action. The other division is between pure arts, done for themselves, and practical arts, done for a practical purpose, but with artistic content.
Plastic art
Fine art is expres... |
What "art" means
Some people say that art is a product or item that is made with the intention of stimulating the human senses as well as the human mind, spirit and soul. An artwork is normally judged by how much impact it has on people, the number of people who can relate to it, and how much they appreciate it. Some... |
History of art
There are sculptures, cave painting and rock art dating from the Upper Paleolithic era.
All of the great ancient civilizations, such as Ancient Egypt, India, China, Greece, Rome and Persia had works and styles of art. In the Middle Ages, most of the art in Europe showed people from the Bible in paintin... |
In Europe, after the Middle Ages, there was a "Renaissance" which means "rebirth". People rediscovered science and artists were allowed to paint subjects other than religious subjects. People like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci still painted religious pictures, but they also now could paint mythological pictures to... |
Roles of art
In some societies, people think that art belongs to the person who made it. They think that the artist put his or her "talent" and industry into the art. In this view, the art is the property of the artist, protected by copyright.
In other societies, people think that art belongs to no one. They think th... |
5) Value function
What did the artist value? What aims did they like/dislike in human activity? This usually is clearly seen in artists' works.
6) Didactic function
What message, criticism or political change did the artist wish to achieve?
Related pages
Art history
Modern art
Abstract art
Magnum opus
Paint... |
A or a is the first letter of the English alphabet. The small letter, a or α, is used as a lower case vowel.
When it is spoken, ā is said as a long a, a diphthong of ĕ and y. A is similar to Alphabet of the Greek alphabet. That is not surprising, because it means the same sound.
"Alpha and Omega" (the last lette... |
This Phoenician letter helped make the basic blocks of later types of the letter. The Greeks later modified this letter and used it as their letter alpha. The Greek alphabet was used by the Etruscans in northern Italy, and the Romans later modified the Etruscan alphabet for their own language.
Using the letter
The let... |
Its letter shape is referred to abstractly in Sir William Vallance Douglas Hodge's 5th postulate, the basis for, as one of the Millennium Prize Problems, the Hodge Conjecture.
References
Basic English 850 words
Vowel letters |
Air is the Earth's atmosphere. Air is a mixture of many gases and tiny dust particles. It is the clear gas in which living things live and breathe. It has an indefinite shape and volume. It has mass and weight, because it is matter. The weight of air creates atmospheric pressure. There is no air in outer space.
Atmosp... |
Air can be polluted by some gases (such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides), smoke, and ash. This air pollution causes various problems including smog, acid rain and global warming. It can damage people's health and the environment. There are debates about whether or not to act upon climate change, b... |
Air is invisible: it cannot be seen by the eye, though a shimmering in hot air can be seen.
Air is one of the 4 classical elements.
Main history
Original atmosphere
At first it was mainly a hydrogen atmosphere. It has changed dramatically on several occasions—for example, the Great Oxygenation Event 2.4 billion yea... |
Third atmosphere
The constant re-arrangement of continents by plate tectonics influences the long-term evolution of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide was transferred to and from large continental carbonate stores. Free oxygen did not exist in the atmosphere until about 2.4 billion years ago. The Great Oxygenation Event ... |
Spain is divided in 17 parts called autonomous communities. Autonomous means that each of these autonomous communities has its own executive, legislative judicial powers. These are similar to, but not the same as, states in the United States of America, for example.
Spain has fifty smaller parts called provinces. In 1... |
List of the autonomous communities, with their Capital city (the place where the government has its offices):
Andalusia (its capital is Sevilla)
Aragon (its capital is Zaragoza)
Asturias (its capital is Oviedo)
Balearic Islands (its capital is Palma de Mallorca)
Basque Country (its capital is Vitoria)
Canary Isl... |
Spain also has two cities on the north coast of Africa: Ceuta and Melilla. They are called "autonomous cities" and have simultaneously the majority of the power of an autonomous community and also power of provinces and power of municipalities. |
Alan Mathison Turing OBE FRS (London, 23 June 1912 – Wilmslow, Cheshire, 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician and computer scientist. He was born in Maida Vale, London.
Early life and family
Alan Mathison Turing was born in Maida Vale, [London] on 23 June 1912. His father was part of a family of merchants from S... |
The Stoney family were once prominent landlords in North Tipperary. His mother Ethel Sara Stoney (1881–1976) was daughter of Edward Waller Stoney (Borrisokane, North Tipperary) and Sarah Crawford (Cartron Abbey, Co. Longford), who were Protestant Anglo-Irish gentry. She was educated in Dublin at Alexandra School and Co... |
Alan was a brilliant mathematician and cryptographer. He became the founder of modern-day computer science and artificial intelligence. He designed a machine at Bletchley Park to break secret Enigma encrypted messages used by the Nazi German war machine to protect sensitive commercial, diplomatic and military communica... |
Turing died in 1954, after being subjected by a British court to chemical castration. He is known to have ended his life at the age of 41 years, by eating an apple laced with cyanide.
Career
Turing was one of the people who worked on the first computers. He created the theoretical Turing machine in 1936. The machine... |
From 1945 to 1947, Turing worked on the design of the ACE (Automatic Computing Engine) at the National Physical Laboratory. He presented a paper on 19 February 1946. That paper was "the first detailed design of a stored-program computer". Although it was possible to build ACE, there were delays in starting the project.... |
In May 2012, a private member's bill was put before the House of Lords to grant Turing a statutory pardon. In July 2013, the government supported it. A royal pardon was granted on 24 December 2013.
Death
In 1954, Turing died from cyanide poisoning. The cyanide came from either an apple which was poisoned with cyanide... |
References
Other websites
Jack Copeland 2012. Alan Turing: The codebreaker who saved 'millions of lives'. BBC News / Technology
English computer scientists
English LGBT people
English mathematicians
Gay men
LGBT scientists
Scientists from London
Suicides by poison
Suicides in the United Kingdom
1912 births
1954 dea... |
Alanis Nadine Morissette (born June 1, 1974) is a Grammy Award-winning Canadian-American singer and songwriter. She was born in Ottawa, Canada. She began singing in Canada as a teenager in 1990. In 1995, she became popular all over the world.
As a young child in Canada, Morissette began to act on television, including... |
She also acted in several movies, including Kevin Smith's Dogma, where she played God.
About her life
Alanis Morissette was born in Riverside Hospital of Ottawa in Ottawa, Ontario. Her father is French-Canadian. Her mother is from Hungary. She has an older brother, Chad, and a twin brother, Wade, who is 12 minutes you... |
On the album, Morissette sang songs about many different things. These things include:
love (in the song "Head Over Feet")
life (in the songs "Ironic" and "You Learn")
her feelings (in the songs "Hand In My Pocket" and "All I Really Want")
sadness (in the song "Mary Jane")
anger (in the song "You Oughta Know")
frustrat... |
Selected songs
Morissette has written many songs. Some of her most famous songs are:
"You Oughta Know" - This song is to Morissette's ex-boyfriend, a man she once loved. In this song, Morissette is very angry. She wants her ex-boyfriend to know that he caused many problems after leaving her for another woman.
"Ironic" ... |
"Thank U" - In this song, she thanks many things that have helped her. She thanks India, a country she visited and almost died in. She also lists ways she can improve herself.
"Hands Clean" - In this song, a man does something bad, and tells Morissette not to tell anyone else the bad thing the man did. She hides the ma... |
References
Other websites
Official website
1974 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American pop musicians
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
American television actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian pop singers
Canadian rock singers
Canadian singer-songwriters
Canadia... |
Adobe Illustrator is a computer program for making graphic design and illustrations. It is made by Adobe Systems. Pictures created in Adobe Illustrator can be made bigger or smaller, and look exactly the same at any size. It works well with the rest of the products with the Adobe name.
History
It was first released in... |
Andouille is a type of pork sausage. It is spicy (hot in taste) and smoked. There are different kinds, all with different combinations of pork meat, fat, intestines (tubes going to the stomach), and tripe (the wall of the stomach).
Other sorts are "French andouille" and "German andouille"; they are less spicy than Caj... |
Farming is growing crops and keeping animals for food and raw materials. Farming is a major part of agriculture.
History
Farming started thousands of years ago, but no one knows for sure how old it is. The development of farming gave rise to the Neolithic Revolution as people gave up nomadic hunting and became settler... |
People probably started agriculture by planting a few crops, but still gathered many foods from the wild. People may have started farming because the weather and soil began to change. Farming can feed many more people than hunter-gatherers can feed on the same amount of land.
This allowed the human population to grow ... |
Many people still live by subsistence farming, on a small farm. They can only grow enough food to feed the farmer, his family, and his animals. The yield is the amount of food grown on a given amount of land, and it is often low. This is because subsistence farmers are generally less educated, and they have less money ... |
This kind of intensive agriculture comes with its own set of problems. Farmers use a lot of chemical fertilizers, pesticides (chemicals that kill bugs), and herbicides (chemicals that kill weeds). These chemicals can pollute the soil or the water. They can also create bugs and weeds that are more resistant to the chemi... |
Some plants are improved with genetic engineering. One example is modifying the plant to resist herbicides.
Livestock
Farms may also keep animals. That is called animal husbandry. If they are used to make meat for people to eat, that is livestock production. Non-meat animals, such as milk cows and egg-producing chick... |
Food
It is important for there to be enough food for everyone. The food must also be safe and good. People say it is not always safe, because it contains some chemicals. Other people say intensive agriculture is damaging the environment. For this reason, there are several types of agriculture.
Traditional agricultur... |
Problems
There are some serious problems that people face trying to grow food today.
These include:
Pollution
Erosion
Diseases
Pests
Weeds
Drought
Rainfall
Climate: Earth warming is an important example
Contamination |
There are also difficulties with the distribution of food:
Warfare: see Nigerian Civil War (Biafran War) for an example. See Russia–Ukrainian war for an example. |
Distribution: Difficulties with moving product from grower to consumer. It is expected that this difficulty will increase in future. The reasons for this are complex, but one important factor may be the absence of a dominant international naval power. The British Navy provided protection against pirates in the 19th and... |
Crops
In produced weight, these crops are the most important (global production in metric tonnes):
The figure for sugarcane is rather deceptive. It omits sugar beet, but includes the weight of the woody stalk. Most of the plants which produce food are in the grass family Poaceae.
Related pages
Aquaculture
Bee kee... |
In mathematics, arithmetic is the basic study of numbers. The four basic arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, although other operations such as exponentiation and roots are also studied in arithmetic.
Other arithmetic topics includes working with negative numbers, fractions, d... |
Some arithmetic can be carried out mentally. A calculator can also be used to perform arithmetic. Computers can do it more quickly, which is one reason Global Positioning System receivers have a small computer inside.
Examples of arithmetic
(addition is commutative: is the same as )
(subtraction is not commutati... |
Not to be confused with building extension which are also called additions
In mathematics, addition, represented by the symbol , is an operation which combines two mathematical objects together into another mathematical object of the same type, called the sum. Addition can occur with simple objects such as numbers, an... |
Arithmetic
In arithmetic, addition is the operation where two or more numbers called "addends" are used to make a new number, which is the "sum" or total that is expressed with the equals sign. The symbol for addition, in infix notation, is the plus sign "+" placed between the operands.
Counting examples
For exampl... |
First, the units 6 and 7 are added together to make 13, so 1 ten and 3 units, with the 3 written below and the 1 ten carried to the tens column. Next, in the tens column, the 1, 8, and 6 are added together to make 15 tens, so 1 hundred and 5 tens, with the 5 written below and the 1 hundred carried to the hundreds colum... |
The distance from Tom's house to Sally's house can be found by adding the distances already measured. The distance from Tom's house to Bob's house, added to the distance from Bob's house to Sally's house, is the same as the distance from Tom's house to Sally's house. That is, 300 m plus 120 m.
Hence Sally's house is 4... |
When addition is used together with other operations, the order of operations becomes important. In the standard order of operations, addition is to be computed later than exponentiation, roots, multiplication and division, but has equal importance as subtraction.
Addition table
Related pages
Operations
Identity e... |
Australia (officially called the Commonwealth of Australia) is a country and sovereign state in the southern hemisphere, located in Oceania. Its capital city is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney.
Australia is the sixth biggest country in the world by land area, and is part of the Oceanic and Australasian region... |
Australia is known for its mining (coal, iron, gold, diamonds and crystals), its production of wool, and as the world's largest producer of bauxite. Its emblem is a flower called the golden wattle.
Australia is also known for its animals and rich wildlife. The national symbols of Australia are the kangaroo and the gol... |
Most of the Australian colonies, having been settled from Britain, became mostly independent democratic states in the 1850s and all six combined as a federation on 1 January 1901. The first Prime Minister of Australia was Edmund Barton in 1901. Australia is a member of the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations... |
The population is about 26 million people (2021 census = 25,890,773). Most Australians live in cities along the coast, such as Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Newcastle and the Gold Coast. The largest inland city is Canberra, which is also the nation's capital. The largest city is Sydney.
Australia is a ... |
Climate change
All the capital cities except Perth and Darwin are in the south-east of the country. There is now increasing rainfall and flooding which affects this region, which is ominous [threatening]. It is thought this is caused by climate change, and may continue to get worse. The BBC report comments: "In the pa... |
Aboriginal people
The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people arrived in Australia about 60,000 years ago or maybe even earlier. Until the arrival of British settlers in 1788, the Aboriginal people lived by hunting and gathering food from the land. They lived in all sorts of climates and managed the land in diff... |
Aboriginal people did not usually build houses, except huts of grass, leaves and bark. They did not usually build walls or fences, and there were no horses, cows or sheep in Australia that needed to be kept in pens. The only Aboriginal buildings that are known are fish-traps made from stones piled up in the river, and ... |
Terra Australis
In the 1600s, Dutch merchants traded with the islands of Batavia (now Indonesia), to the north of Australia and several different Dutch ships touched on the coast of Australia. The Dutch governor, van Diemen, sent Abel Tasman on a voyage of discovery and he found Tasmania, which he named Van Diemen's L... |
The voyage of discovery was very successful, because they found New Zealand and sailed right around it. Then they sailed westward. At last, a boy, William Hicks, who was up the mast spotted land on the horizon. Captain Cook named that bit of land Point Hicks. They sailed up the coast and Captain Cook named the land tha... |
Captain Cook saw the Aboriginal people with their simple way of life. He saw them fishing and hunting and collecting grass seeds and fruit. But there were no houses and no fences. In most parts of the world, people put up a house and a fence or some marker to show that they own the land. But the Aboriginal people did n... |
Settlement
In the 1700s, in England, laws were tough, many people were poor and gaols (jails) were full. A person could be sentenced to death for stealing a loaf of bread. Many people were hanged for small crimes. But usually they were just thrown in gaol. Often they were sent away to the British colonies in America.... |
By the 1780s the gaols of England were so full that convicts were often chained up in rotting old ships. The government decided to make a settlement in New South Wales and send some of the convicts there. In 1788 the First Fleet of eleven ships set sail from Portsmouth carrying convicts, sailors, marines, a few free se... |
Captain Phillip found that Botany Bay was flat and windy. There was not much fresh water. He went with two ships up the coast and sailed into a great harbour called Port Jackson, which he said was "the finest harbour in the world". There were many small bays on the harbour so he decided on one which had a good stream o... |
For the first few years of the settlement, things were very difficult. No-one in the British Government had thought very hard about what sort of convicts should be sent to make a new colony. Nobody had chosen them carefully. There was only one man who was a farmer. There was no-one among the convicts who was a builder,... |
The little group of tents had a hut for the Governor, Arthur Phillip, and another hut for the supply of food. Soon it grew into a small town with streets, a bridge over the stream, a windmill for grinding grain and wharves for ships. By the 1820s there was a fine brick house for the Governor. There was also a hospital ... |
Exploration
Because Australia is such a very large land, it was easy to think that it might be able to hold a large number of people. In the early days of the colony, a great number of explorers went out, searching for good land to settle on.
When the settlers looked west from Sydney, they saw a range of mountains wh... |
Some people, like Captain Charles Sturt were sure that there must be a sea in the middle of Australia and set out to find it. Many of the explorers did not prepare very well, or else they went out to explore at the hottest time of year. Some died like Burke and Wills. Ludwig Leichhardt got lost twice. The second time, ... |
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