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e7474170ecfd-0 | THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
[As on 26th November, 2021]
PREFACE
This is the fifth pocket size edition of the Constitution of India in the
diglot form. In this edition, the text of the Constitution of India has been
brought up-to-date by incorporating therein all the amendments up ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-1 | [2A. Sikkim to be associated with the Union.—Omitted.]
3.
Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or
names of existing States.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of
the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental
a... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-2 | Right to Freedom
Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
Protection of life and personal liberty.
Right to education.
Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
Right against Exploitation
Prohibition of traffic in human being... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-3 | Application of the principles contained in this Part.
State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the
people.
Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
Equal justice and free legal aid.
31A.
31B.
31C.
[31D.
32.
[32A.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
39A.
5
40.
41.
42.... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-4 | Promotion of international peace and security.
PART IVA
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
51A.
Fundamental duties.
PART V
THE UNION
CHAPTER I.THE EXECUTIVE
The President and Vice-President
52.
53.
54.
The President of India.
Executive power of the Union.
Election of President.
6
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-5 | Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies.
Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President
or Vice-President.
Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit
or commute sentences in certain cases.
Extent of executive power of the Union.
Council of Ministers
Co... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-6 | Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the
duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a
resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.
Vacat... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-7 | Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation
under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified.
Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its
Members
Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the
members and committees thereof.
Salaries and allowances of ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-8 | 128.
129.
130.
131.
[131A.
Functions of Commission.
Power of Parliament to make law.
Salaries, etc., of Judges.
Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
Appointment of ad hoc Judges.
Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
Supreme Court to be a court of record.
Seat of Supreme Court.
Ori... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-9 | writs.
Transfer of certain cases.
Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court.
Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
Enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and
orders as to discovery, etc.
Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court.
Civil and judicial authoriti... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-10 | or commute sentences in certain cases.
Extent of executive power of the State.
in certain
Council of Ministers
Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor.
Other provisions as to Ministers.
The Advocate-General for the State
165.
Advocate-General for the State.
Conduct of Government Business
Conduct of b... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-11 | Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the
duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a
resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.
Vacatio... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-12 | Legislative Procedure
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other
than Money Bills.
Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
Definition of “Money B... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-13 | Court.
Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to
High Courts.
Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts.
Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge.
Salaries, etc., of Judges.
Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another.
Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
Appo... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-14 | certain district judges.
Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial
service.
Control over subordinate courts.
Interpretation.
Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or
classes of magistrates.
[PART VII.—Omitted]
[238.
THE STATES IN PART B OF THE F... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-15 | Application to Union territories.
Part not to apply to certain areas.
Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats.
243.
243A.
243B.
243C.
243D.
243E.
243F.
243G.
243H.
243-I.
243J.
243K.
243L.
243M.
243N.
243-O. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
243P.
243Q.
243R.
243S.
243T.
... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-16 | 243ZH. Definitions.
243Z-I.
Incorporation of co-operative societies.
Number and term of members of board and its office bearers.
243ZJ.
243ZK. Election of members of board.
Supersession and suspension of board and interim management.
243ZL.
243ZM. Audit of accounts of co-operative societies.
243ZN. Conveni... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-17 | Legislatures of States.
Special provision with respect to goods and services tax.
Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain
additional courts.
Residuary powers of legislation.
Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the
State List in the national interest.
... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-18 | Armed Forces
Schedule.Omitted.]
Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India.
Public acts, records and judicial proceedings.
in Part B of
in States
the First
Disputes relating to Waters
Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers
or river valleys.
Co-ordinat... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-19 | 20
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.
[278.
279.
distributed between the Union and the States.Omitted.]
Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products.
Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting
taxation in which States are interested.
Grants from the Union to certain States.
Taxe... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-20 | goods.
Exemption from taxes on electricity.
Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or
electricity in certain cases.
Exemption of property and income of a State from Union
taxation.
Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions.
290A.
Annual payment to certain Devaswom F... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-21 | and intercourse.
Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the
States with regard to trade and commerce.
Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States.
Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.
Power of certain States in Part B of the First ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-22 | Omitted.]
CHAPTER II.—PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.
Appointment and term of office of members.
Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service
Commission.
Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of
members and staff ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-23 | Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
[329A.
Special provision as to elections to Parliament in the case of
Prime Minister and Speaker.Omitted.]
PART XVI
SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN
CLASSES
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled T... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-24 | backward classes.
Scheduled Castes.
Scheduled Tribes.
342A.
Socially and educationally backward classes.
PART XVII
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
343.
344.
345.
346.
347.
348.
CHAPTER I.—LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
Official language of the Union.
Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language.
CHAPTER II. RE... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-25 | and internal disturbance.
Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in
States.
Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under
article 356.
Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies.
Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III
du... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-26 | therefor.
PART XXI
TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND
SPECIAL PROVISIONS
369.
370.
371.
371A.
371B .
Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to
certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the
Concurrent List.
Temporary provisions with respect to the State... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-27 | 376.
377.
378.
Power of President to make order in respect of persons under
preventive detention in certain cases.
Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings
pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council.
Courts, authorities and officers to continue to functio... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-28 | purposes of certain elections.Omitted.]
Provisions as to the filling of casual vacancies in the provisional
Parliament and provisional Legislatures of the States.
Omitted.]
[389.
Provision as to Bills pending in the Dominion Legislatures and
28
[390.
[391.
in the Legislatures of Provinces and ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-29 | the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the
Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative
Council of a State.
PART D— Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts.
PART E— Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
29
THIRD SCHEDULE—... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-30 | APPENDIX II.—The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019.
APPENDIX III.— Declaration under article 370(3) of the Constitution.
30
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED
Art., arts. .............................................. for Article, articles.
Cl., cls. ......................................... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-31 | and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the 2[unity
and integrity of the Nation];
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of
November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO
OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
1. Subs. by the Constitution (Fo... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-32 | thinks fit.
3 [2A. [Sikkim to be associated with the Union.].—Omitted by the
Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975, s. 5 (w.e.f. 26-4-1975).]
3. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or
names of existing States.—Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-33 | House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless,
where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of
any of the States 2***, the Bill has been referred by the President to the
Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within suc... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-34 | deem necessary.
(2) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this
Constitution for the purposes of article 368.
1 . Subs. by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1955, s. 2, for the proviso
(w.e.f. 24-12-1955).
2. The words and letters "specified in Part A or Part B of the Fir... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-35 | has migrated to the territory of India from the territory now included in
Pakistan shall be deemed to be a citizen of India at the commencement of this
Constitution if—
(a) he or either of his parents or any of his grand-parents was born
in India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935 (as origi... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-36 | day of March, 1947, migrated from the territory of India to the territory now
included in Pakistan shall not be deemed to be a citizen of India:
35
Provided that nothing in this article shall apply to a person who, after
having so migrated to the territory now included in Pakistan, has return... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-37 | Constitution, in the form and manner prescribed by the Government of the
Dominion of India or the Government of India.
9. Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to
be citizens.— No person shall be a citizen of India by virtue of article 5, or be
deemed to be a citizen of I... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-38 | rights.—(1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the
commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the
provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.
(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the
rig... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-39 | sex or place of birth.—(1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen
on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of
birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restric... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-40 | advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or
for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special
provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private
educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the Stat... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-41 | existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the
total seats in each category.
1. Added by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 2 (w.e.f. 18-6-1951).
2. Ins. by the Constitution (Ninety-third Amendment) Act, 2005, s. 2 (w.e.f. 20-1-2006).
3 . Ins. by the Constitut... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-42 | (3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law
prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an
office 1[under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State
or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union
te... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-43 | year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with
the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the
ceiling of fifty per cent. reservation on total number of vacancies of that year.]
1. Subs. by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch.... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-44 | particular denomination.
1[(6) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any
provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any
economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in
clause (4), in addition to the existing ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-45 | (1) All citizens shall have the right—
Right to Freedom
(a) to freedom of speech and expression;
(b) to assemble peaceably and without arms;
(c) to form associations or unions 2[or co-operative societies];
(d) to move freely throughout the territory of India;
1 . Ins. by the Constitution (One Hundred and ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-46 | of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making
any law imposing, in the interests of 4[the sovereignty and integrity of India or]
public order, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by
the said sub-clause.
(4) Nothing in sub-clause (c)... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-47 | 2. Sub-clause (f) omitted by s.2, ibid. (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
3. Subs. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 3, for cl. (2) (with retrospective
effect).
4. Ins. by the Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963, s. 2 (w.e.f. 5-10-1963).
5. Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act,... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-48 | controlled by the State, of any trade, business, industry or service,
whether to the exclusion, complete or partial, of citizens or otherwise.]
20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.—(1) No person
shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force a... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-49 | soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right
to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.
1. Subs. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 3, for certain words (w.e.f. 18 -
6-1951).
2 Ins. by the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act,... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-50 | notified) as—
"(4) No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a
longer period than two months unless an Advisory Board constituted in accordance with the
recommendations of the Chief Justice of the appropriate High Court has reported before the... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-51 | administrator, such High Court as may be specified by or under any law made by Parliament in
this behalf.".
43
Provided that nothing in this sub-clause shall authorise the detention
of any person beyond the maximum period prescribed by any law made
by Parliament under sub-clause (b) of clause (7); or
(b) such per... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-52 | classes of cases be detained under any law providing for preventive
detention; and
(c) the procedure to be followed by an Advisory Board in an
inquiry under sub-clause (a) of clause (4).
Sub-clause (a) shall stand omitted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act,
... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-53 | punishable in accordance with law.
(2) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from imposing
compulsory service for public purposes, and in imposing such service the State
shall not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or
class or any of them.
24. Prohibiti... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-54 | shall be construed as including a reference to persons professing the Sikh, Jaina
or Buddhist religion, and the reference to Hindu religious institutions shall be
construed accordingly.
26. Freedom to manage religious affairs.—Subject to public order,
morality and health, every religious denomination or any... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-55 | religious instruction that may be imparted in such institution or to attend any
religious worship that may be conducted in such institution or in any premises
attached thereto unless such person or, if such person is a minor, his guardian
has given his consent thereto.
Cultural and Educational Rights
29. ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-56 | discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under
the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language.
2*
31. [Compulsory acquisition of property.].—Omitted by the Constitution
(Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 6 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
3[Saving of Certa... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-57 | 2. The sub-heading "Right to Property" omitted by s. 5, ibid. (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
3. Ins. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 3 (w.e.f. 3-1-1977).
4. Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 4, (with retrospective effect).
5 . Subs. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment)... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-58 | 2 [Provided further that where any law makes any provision for the
acquisition by the State of any estate and where any land comprised therein is
held by a person under his personal cultivation, it shall not be lawful for the
State to acquire any portion of such land as is within the ceiling ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-59 | 1. Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 7, for "article 14,
article 19 or article 31" (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
2. Ins. by the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964, s. 2(i) (w.e.f. 20-6-1964).
3. Subs. by s.2(ii), ibid., for sub-clause (a) (with retrospective effect).
4. Subs.... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-60 | the Acts and Regulations specified in the Ninth Schedule nor any of the
provisions thereof shall be deemed to be void, or ever to have become void, on
the ground that such Act, Regulation or provision is inconsistent with, or takes
away or abridges any of the rights conferred by, any provisions of this P... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-61 | 1. Ins. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955, s. 3 (with retrospective effect).
2. Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 5 (w.e.f. 18-6-1951).
3. Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971, s. 3 (w.e.f. 20-4-1972).
4. Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-second ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-62 | by the Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act,1977, s. 2 (w.e.f.13-4-1978).
Right to Constitutional Remedies
32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.—(1)
The right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the
enforcement of the rights conferred by this Part is gua... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-63 | in their application to Forces, etc.—Parliament may, by law, determine to what
extent any of the rights conferred by this Part shall, in their application to,—
(a) the members of the Armed Forces; or
(b) the members of the Forces charged with the maintenance of
public order; or
(c) persons employed in any bureau... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-64 | in force in any area.—Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions
of this Part, Parliament may by law indemnify any person in the service of the
Union or of a State or any other person in respect of any act done by him in
connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-65 | Constitution in the territory of India with respect to any of the matters
referred to in sub-clause (i) of clause (a) or providing for punishment for
any act referred to in sub-clause (ii) of that clause shall, subject to the
terms thereof and to any adaptations and modifications that may be ma... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-66 | social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
2[(2) The State shall, in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in
income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and
opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups o... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-67 | 52
1[(f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop
in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that
childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral
and material abandonment.]
2[39A. Equal justice and free legal aid.—The State shall secu... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-68 | 43. Living wage, etc., for workers.—The State shall endeavour to
secure, by suitable legislation or economic organisation or in any other way, to
all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage,
conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoym... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-69 | 44. Uniform civil code for the citizens.—The State shall endeavour to
secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.
2[45. Provision for early childhood care and education to children
below the age of six years.—The State shall endeavour to provide early
child... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-70 | shall endeavour to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and
scientific lines and shall, in particular, take steps for preserving and improving
the breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch
and draught cattle.
3[48A. Protection and improvement of envi... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-71 | to be of national
50. Separation of judiciary from executive.—The State shall take steps
to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.
51. Promotion of international peace and security.—The State shall
endeavour to—
(a) promote international peace and security;
(b) ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-72 | amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and
regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the
dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite
culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment inc... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-73 | 56
PART V
THE UNION
CHAPTER I.—THE EXECUTIVE
The President and Vice-President
52. The President of India.—There shall be a President of India.
53. Executive power of the Union.—(1) The executive power of the Union
shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or
t... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-74 | shall be uniformity in the scale of representation of the different States at the
election of the President.
(2) For the purpose of securing such uniformity among the States inter se
as well as parity between the States as a whole and the Union, the number of
votes which each elected member of Parlia... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-75 | States under sub-clauses (a) and (b) by the total number of the elected
members of both Houses of Parliament, fractions exceeding one-half
being counted as one and other fractions being disregarded.
(3) The election of the President shall be held in accordance with the
system of proportional re... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-76 | from office by impeachment in the manner provided in article 61;
(c) the President shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term,
continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.
(2) Any resignation addressed to the Vice-President under clause (a) of
the proviso to clause (1) sh... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-77 | any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any
State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the
said Governments.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article, a person shall not be
deemed to hold any office of profit by reason only th... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-78 | (4) The emoluments and allowances of the President shall not be
diminished during his term of office.
60. Oath or affirmation by the President.—Every President and every
person acting as President or discharging the functions of the President shall,
before entering upon his office, make and subsc... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-79 | (2) No such charge shall be preferred unless—
(a) the proposal to prefer such charge is contained in a resolution
which has been moved after at least fourteen days' notice in writing
signed by not less than one-fourth of the total number of members of the
House has been given of their intentio... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-80 | President shall be completed before the expiration of the term.
(2) An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President occurring by
reason of his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be held as soon
as possible after, and in no case later than six months from, the date of
occurren... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-81 | functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence,
of President.—(1) In the event of the occurrence of any vacancy in the office
of the President by reason of his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise,
the Vice-President shall act as President until the date on ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-82 | elected by the 1[members of an electoral college consisting of the members of
both Houses of Parliament] in accordance with the system of proportional
representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting at such
election shall be by secret ballot.
(2) The Vice-President shall... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-83 | holds any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of
any State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of
the said Governments.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article, a person shall not be
deemed to hold any office of profit by reason onl... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-84 | (1) An election to fill a vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office
of Vice-President shall be completed before the expiration of the term.
(2) An election to fill a vacancy in the office of Vice-President
occurring by reason of his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be
held ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-85 | discharge the duty upon which I am about to enter.".
70. Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies.—
Parliament may make such provision as it thinks fit for the discharge of the
functions of the President in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter.
1 [71. Matters relat... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-86 | power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to
suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any
offence—
(a) in all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a Court
Martial;
1. Subs. by the Constitution (Thirty-ninth Amendmen... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-87 | 73. Extent of executive power of the Union.—(1) Subject to the
provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend—
(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make
laws; and
(b) to the exercise of such rights, authority and jurisdiction as are
e... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-88 | 2. The words and letters "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule" omitted by
the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. (w.e.f. 1 -11-1956).
64
Council of Ministers
74. Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.—1[(1) There shall
be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Mini... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-89 | party who is disqualified for being a member of that House under paragraph 2 of
the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister under
clause (1) for duration of the period commencing from the date of his
disqualification till the date on which the term of his office ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-90 | 3. Ins. by the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-1-2004).
65
(5) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a
member of either House of Parliament shall at the expiration of that period cease
to be a Minister.
(6) The salaries and allowances of Minis... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-91 | President, and shall receive such remuneration as the President may determine.
Conduct of Government Business
77. Conduct of business of the Government of India.—(1) All
executive action of the Government of India shall be expressed to be taken in
the name of the President.
(2) Orders and other instrumen... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-92 | Act, 1978, s. 12 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
66
78. Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information
to the President, etc.—It shall be the duty of the Prime Minister—
(a) to communicate to the President all decisions of the Council of
Ministers relating to the administration of the aff... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-93 | (b) not more than two hundred and thirty-eight representatives of
the States 3[and of the Union territories].
(2) The allocation of seats in the Council of States to be filled by
representatives of the States 3[and of the Union territories] shall be in
accordance with the provisions... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-94 | accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the
single transferable vote.
(5) The representatives of the 2[Union territories] in the Council of States
shall be chosen in such manner as Parliament may by law prescribe.
3[81. Composition of the House of the People.—(1) 4[Sub... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-95 | throughout the State:
8[Provided that the provisions of sub-clause (a) of this clause shall not be
applicable for the purpose of allotment of seats in the House of the People to
any State so long as the population of that State does not exceed six millions.]
1. The words and letters "specified in Part A o... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-96 | "five hundred and twenty-five members" (w.e.f. 30-5-1987).
7. Subs. by the Constitution (Thirty-first Amendment) Act, 1973, s. 2, for "twenty-five
members" (w.e.f. 17-10-1973).
8. Ins. by s. 2, ibid. (w.e.f. 17-10-1973).
68
(3) In this article, the expression “population” means the population as
... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-97 | Provided that such readjustment shall not affect representation in the
House of the People until the dissolution of the then existing House:
5[Provided further that such readjustment shall take effect from such date
as the President may, by order, specify and until such readjustment takes effect,
any elec... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-98 | 5. Ins. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 16 (w.e.f. 3-1-1977).
6. Subs. by the Constitution (Eighty-fourth Amendment) Act, 2001, s. 4, for "2000"
(w.e.f. 21-2-2002).
7. Subs. by s.4, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 21-2-2002).
69
(i) the allocation of seats in the House of... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
e7474170ecfd-99 | the House:
Provided that the said period may, while a Proclamation of Emergency is
in operation, be extended by Parliament by law for a period not exceeding one
year at a time and not extending in any case beyond a period of six months after
the Proclamation has ceased to operate.
84. Qualification for membership ... | https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf |
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