1503/1503.07589.md

CERN-PH-EP/2015-075
2015/03/27

CMS-HIG-14-042
ATLAS-HIGG-2014-14

Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in $pp$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments

The ATLAS and CMS Collaborations*

Abstract

A measurement of the Higgs boson mass is presented based on the combined data samples of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC in the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ and $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ decay channels. The results are obtained from a simultaneous fit to the reconstructed invariant mass peaks in the two channels and for the two experiments. The measured masses from the individual channels and the two experiments are found to be consistent among themselves. The combined measured mass of the Higgs boson is $m_H = 125.09 \pm 0.21$ (stat.) $\pm 0.11$ (syst.) GeV.

Submitted to Physical Review LettersThe study of the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking is one of the principal goals of the CERN LHC program. In the Standard Model (SM), this symmetry breaking is achieved through the introduction of a complex doublet scalar field, leading to the prediction of the Higgs boson $H$ [1–6], whose mass $m_H$ is, however, not predicted by the theory. In 2012, the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the LHC announced the discovery of a particle with Higgs boson-like properties and a mass of about 125 GeV [7–9]. The discovery was based primarily on mass peaks observed in the $\gamma\gamma$ and $ZZ \rightarrow \ell^+\ell^-\ell'\ell'$ (denoted $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ for simplicity) decay channels, where one or both of the $Z$ bosons can be off-shell and where $\ell$ and $\ell'$ denote an electron or muon. With $m_H$ known, all properties of the SM Higgs boson, such as its production cross section and partial decay widths, can be predicted. Increasingly precise measurements [10–13] have established that all observed properties of the new particle, including its spin, parity, and coupling strengths to SM particles are consistent within the uncertainties with those expected for the SM Higgs boson.

The ATLAS and CMS Collaborations have independently measured $m_H$ using the samples of proton-proton collision data collected in 2011 and 2012, commonly referred to as LHC Run 1. The analyzed samples correspond to approximately $5 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity at $\sqrt{s} = 7 \text{ TeV}$ , and $20 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 8 \text{ TeV}$ , for each experiment. Combined results in the context of the separate experiments, as well as those in the individual channels, are presented in Refs. [12, 14–16].

This Letter describes a combination of the Run 1 data from the two experiments, leading to improved precision for $m_H$ . Besides its intrinsic importance as a fundamental parameter, improved knowledge of $m_H$ yields more precise predictions for the other Higgs boson properties. Furthermore, the combined mass measurement provides a first step towards combinations of other quantities, such as the couplings. In the SM, $m_H$ is related to the values of the masses of the $W$ boson and top quark through loop-induced effects. Taking into account other measured SM quantities, the comparison of the measurements of the Higgs boson, $W$ boson, and top quark masses can be used to directly test the consistency of the SM [17] and thus to search for evidence of physics beyond the SM.

The combination is performed using only the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ and $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ decay channels, because these two channels offer the best mass resolution. Interference between the Higgs boson signal and the continuum background is expected to produce a downward shift of the signal peak relative to the true value of $m_H$ . The overall effect in the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel [18–20] is expected to be a few tens of MeV for a Higgs boson with a width near the SM value, which is small compared to the current precision. The effect in the $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channel is expected to be much smaller [21]. The effects of the interference on the mass spectra are neglected in this Letter.

The ATLAS and CMS detectors [22, 23] are designed to precisely reconstruct charged leptons, photons, hadronic jets, and the imbalance of momentum transverse to the direction of the beams. The two detectors are based on different technologies requiring different reconstruction and calibration methods. Consequently they are subject to different sources of systematic uncertainty.

The $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel is characterized by a narrow resonant signal peak containing several hundred events per experiment above a large falling continuum background. The overall signal-to-background ratio is a few percent. Both experiments divide the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ events into different categories depending on the signal purity and mass resolution, as a means to improve sensitivity. While CMS uses the same analysis procedure for the measurement of the Higgs boson mass and couplings [15], ATLAS implements separate analyses for the couplings [24] and forthe mass [14]; the latter analysis classifies events in a manner that reduces the expected systematic uncertainties in $m_H$ .

The $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channel yields only a few tens of signal events per experiment, but has very little background, resulting in a signal-to-background ratio larger than 1. The events are analyzed separately depending on the flavor of the lepton pairs. To extract $m_H$ , ATLAS employs a two-dimensional (2D) fit to the distribution of the four-lepton mass and a kinematic discriminant introduced to reject the main background, which arises from $ZZ$ continuum production. The CMS procedure is based on a three-dimensional fit, utilizing the four-lepton mass distribution, a kinematic discriminant, and the estimated event-by-event uncertainty in the four-lepton mass. Both analyses are optimized for the mass measurement and neither attempts to distinguish between different Higgs boson production mechanisms.

There are only minor differences in the parameterizations used for the present combination compared to those used for the combination of the two channels by the individual experiments. These differences have almost no effect on the results.

The measurement of $m_H$ , along with its uncertainty, is based on the maximization of profile-likelihood ratios $\Lambda(\alpha)$ in the asymptotic regime [25, 26]:

$$\mathrm{\Lambda }(\alpha )=\frac{L(\alpha ,\widehat{\theta }(\alpha ))}{L(\widehat{\alpha },\widehat{\theta })},(1)\backslash Lambda(\backslash alpha)\; =\; \backslash frac\{L(\backslash alpha,\; \backslash hat\{\backslash theta\}(\backslash alpha))\}\{L(\backslash hat\{\backslash alpha\},\; \backslash hat\{\backslash theta\})\},\; \backslash quad\; (1)$$

where $L$ represents the likelihood function, $\alpha$ the parameters of interest, and $\theta$ the nuisance parameters. There are three types of nuisance parameters: those corresponding to systematic uncertainties, the fitted parameters of the background models, and any unconstrained signal model parameters not relevant to the particular hypothesis under test. Systematic uncertainties are discussed below. The other two types of nuisance parameters are incorporated into the statistical uncertainty. The $\theta$ terms are profiled, i.e., for each possible value of a parameter of interest (e.g., $m_H$ ), all nuisance parameters are refitted to maximize $L$ . The $\hat{\alpha}$ and $\hat{\theta}$ terms denote the unconditional maximum likelihood estimates of the best-fit values for the parameters, while $\hat{\theta}(\alpha)$ is the conditional maximum likelihood estimate for given parameter values $\alpha$ .

The likelihood functions $L$ are constructed using signal and background probability density functions (PDFs) that depend on the discriminating variables: for the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel, the diphoton mass and, for the $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channel, the four-lepton mass (for CMS, also its uncertainty) and the kinematic discriminant. The signal PDFs are derived from samples of Monte Carlo (MC) simulated events. For the $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channel, the background PDFs are determined using a combination of simulation and data control regions. For the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel, the background PDFs are obtained directly from the fit to the data. The profile-likelihood fits to the data are performed as a function of $m_H$ and the signal-strength scale factors defined below. The fitting framework is implemented independently by ATLAS and CMS, using the ROOFIT [27], ROOSTATS [28], and HISTFACTORY [29] data modeling and handling packages.

Despite the current agreement between the measured Higgs boson properties and the SM predictions, it is pertinent to perform a mass measurement that is as independent as possible of SM assumptions. For this purpose, three signal-strength scale factors are introduced and profiled in the fit, thus reducing the dependence of the results on assumptions about the Higgs boson couplings and about the variation of the production cross section times branching fraction with the mass. The signal strengths are defined as $\mu = (\sigma_{\text{expt}} \times \text{BF}{\text{expt}}) / (\sigma{\text{SM}} \times \text{BF}{\text{SM}})$ , representing the ratio of the cross section times branching fraction in the experiment to the correspond-ing SM expectation for the different production and decay modes. Two factors, $\mu{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma\gamma}$ and $\mu_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma}$ , are used to scale the signal strength in the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel. The production processes involving Higgs boson couplings to fermions, namely gluon fusion ( $ggF$ ) and associated production with a top quark-antiquark pair ( $t\bar{t}H$ ), are scaled with the $\mu_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma\gamma}$ factor. The production processes involving couplings to vector bosons, namely vector boson fusion ( $VBF$ ) and associated production with a vector boson ( $VH$ ), are scaled with the $\mu_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma}$ factor. The third factor, $\mu^{4\ell}$ , is used to scale the signal strength in the $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channel. Only a single signal-strength parameter is used for $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ events because the $m_H$ measurement in this case is found to exhibit almost no sensitivity to the different production mechanisms.

The procedure based on the two scale factors $\mu_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma\gamma}$ and $\mu_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma}$ for the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel was previously employed by CMS [15] but not by ATLAS. Instead, ATLAS relied on a single $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ signal-strength scale factor. The additional degree-of-freedom introduced by ATLAS for the present study results in a shift of about 40 MeV in the ATLAS $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ result, leading to a shift of 20 MeV in the ATLAS combined mass measurement.

The individual signal strengths $\mu_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma\gamma}$ , $\mu_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma}$ , and $\mu^{4\ell}$ are assumed to be the same for ATLAS and CMS, and are profiled in the combined fit for $m_H$ . The corresponding profile-likelihood ratio is

$$\mathrm{\Lambda }(m_H)=\frac{L(m_H,{\widehat{\mu }}_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma \gamma }(m_H),{\widehat{\mu }}_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma \gamma }(m_H),{\widehat{\mu }}^{4\mathrm{\ell }}(m_H),\widehat{\theta }(m_H))}{L({\widehat{m}}_H,{\widehat{\mu }}_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma \gamma },{\widehat{\mu }}_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma \gamma },{\widehat{\mu }}^{4\mathrm{\ell }},\widehat{\theta })}\mathrm{.}(2)\backslash Lambda(m\_H)\; =\; \backslash frac\{L(m\_H,\; \backslash hat\{\backslash mu\}\_\{ggF+t\backslash bar\{t\}H\}^\{\backslash gamma\backslash gamma\}(m\_H),\; \backslash hat\{\backslash mu\}\_\{VBF+VH\}^\{\backslash gamma\backslash gamma\}(m\_H),\; \backslash hat\{\backslash mu\}^\{4\backslash ell\}(m\_H),\; \backslash hat\{\backslash theta\}(m\_H))\}\{L(\backslash hat\{m\}\_H,\; \backslash hat\{\backslash mu\}\_\{ggF+t\backslash bar\{t\}H\}^\{\backslash gamma\backslash gamma\},\; \backslash hat\{\backslash mu\}\_\{VBF+VH\}^\{\backslash gamma\backslash gamma\},\; \backslash hat\{\backslash mu\}^\{4\backslash ell\},\; \backslash hat\{\backslash theta\})\}.\; \backslash quad\; (2)$$

Slightly more complex fit models are used, as described below, to perform additional compatibility tests between the different decay channels and between the results from ATLAS and CMS.

Combining the ATLAS and CMS data for the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ and $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channels according to the above procedure, the mass of the Higgs boson is determined to be

where the total uncertainty is obtained from the width of a negative log-likelihood ratio scan with all parameters profiled. The statistical uncertainty is determined by fixing all nuisance parameters to their best-fit values, except for the three signal-strength scale factors and the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ background function parameters, which are profiled. The systematic uncertainty is determined by subtracting in quadrature the statistical uncertainty from the total uncertainty. Equation (3) shows that the uncertainties in the $m_H$ measurement are dominated by the statistical term, even when the Run 1 data sets of ATLAS and CMS are combined. Figure 1 shows the negative log-likelihood ratio scans as a function of $m_H$ , with all nuisance parameters profiled (solid curves), and with the nuisance parameters fixed to their best-fit values (dashed curves).

The signal strengths at the measured value of $m_H$ are found to be $\mu_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma\gamma} = 1.15^{+0.28}{-0.25}$ , $\mu{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma} = 1.17^{+0.58}{-0.53}$ , and $\mu^{4\ell} = 1.40^{+0.30}{-0.25}$ . The combined overall signal strength $\mu$ (with $\mu_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma\gamma} = \mu_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma} = \mu^{4\ell} \equiv \mu$ ) is $\mu = 1.24^{+0.18}_{-0.16}$ . The results reported here for the signal strengths are not expected to have the same sensitivity, nor exactly the same values, as those that would be extracted from a combined analysis optimized for the coupling measurements.

The combined ATLAS and CMS results for $m_H$ in the separate $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ and $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channels are

Figure 1: Scans of twice the negative log-likelihood ratio $-2 \ln \Lambda(m_H)$ as functions of the Higgs boson mass $m_H$ for the ATLAS and CMS combination of the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ (red), $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ (blue), and combined (black) channels. The dashed curves show the results accounting for statistical uncertainties only, with all nuisance parameters associated with systematic uncertainties fixed to their best-fit values. The 1 and 2 standard deviation limits are indicated by the intersections of the horizontal lines at 1 and 4, respectively, with the log-likelihood scan curves.

and

The corresponding likelihood ratio scans are shown in Fig. 1.

A summary of the results from the individual analyses and their combination is presented in Fig. 2.

The observed uncertainties in the combined measurement can be compared with expectations. The latter are evaluated by generating two Asimov data sets [26], where an Asimov data set is a representative event sample that provides both the median expectation for an experimental result and its expected statistical variation, in the asymptotic approximation, without the need for an extensive MC-based calculation. The first Asimov data set is a “prefit” sample, generated using $m_H = 125.0$ GeV and the SM predictions for the couplings, with all nuisance parameters fixed to their nominal values. The second Asimov data set is a “postfit” sample, in which $m_H$ , the three signal strengths $\mu_{ggF+tH}^{\gamma\gamma}$ , $\mu_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma}$ , and $\mu^{4\ell}$ , and all nuisance parameters are fixed to their best-fit estimates from the data. The expected uncertainties for the combined mass are

$$\begin{array}{cccc}& \delta m_{H\text{prefit}}=\pm 0.24\text{ GeV}=\pm 0.22\text{ (stat.)}\pm 0.10\text{ (syst.) GeV}& & \text{(6)}\end{array}\backslash delta\; m\_\{H\backslash text\{prefit\}\}\; =\; \backslash pm\; 0.24\; \backslash text\{\; GeV\}\; =\; \backslash pm\; 0.22\; \backslash text\{\; (stat.)\}\; \backslash pm\; 0.10\; \backslash text\{\; (syst.)\; GeV\}\; \backslash tag\{6\}$$Figure 2: Summary of Higgs boson mass measurements from the individual analyses of ATLAS and CMS and from the combined analysis presented here. The systematic (narrower, magenta-shaded bands), statistical (wider, yellow-shaded bands), and total (black error bars) uncertainties are indicated. The (red) vertical line and corresponding (gray) shaded column indicate the central value and the total uncertainty of the combined measurement, respectively.

for the prefit case and

$$\delta m_{H\text{postfit}}=\pm 0.22\text{ GeV}=\pm 0.19\text{ (stat.)}\pm 0.10\text{ (syst.) GeV}(7)\backslash delta\; m\_\{H\backslash text\{postfit\}\}\; =\; \backslash pm\; 0.22\; \backslash text\{\; GeV\}\; =\; \backslash pm\; 0.19\; \backslash text\{\; (stat.)\}\; \backslash pm\; 0.10\; \backslash text\{\; (syst.)\; GeV\}\; \backslash quad\; (7)$$

for the postfit case, which are both very similar to the observed uncertainties reported in Eq. (3).

Constraining all signal yields to their SM predictions results in an $m_H$ value that is about 70 MeV larger than the nominal result with a comparable uncertainty. The increase in the central value reflects the combined effect of the higher-than-expected $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ measured signal strength and the increase of the $H \rightarrow ZZ$ branching fraction with $m_H$ . Thus, the fit assuming SM couplings forces the mass to a higher value in order to accommodate the value $\mu = 1$ expected in the SM.

Since the discovery, both experiments have improved their understanding of the electron, photon, and muon measurements [16, 30–34], leading to a significant reduction of the systematic uncertainties in the mass measurement. Nevertheless, the treatment and understanding of systematic uncertainties is an important aspect of the individual measurements and their combination. The combined analysis incorporates approximately 300 nuisance parameters. Among these, approximately 100 are fitted parameters describing the shapes and normalizations of the background models in the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel, including a number of discrete parameters that allow the functional form in each of the CMS $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ analysis categories to be changed [35]. Of the remaining almost 200 nuisance parameters, most correspond to experimental or theoretical systematic uncertainties.

Based on the results from the individual experiments, the dominant systematic uncertainties for the combined $m_H$ result are expected to be those associated with the energy or momentum scale and its resolution: for the photons in the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel and for the electrons and muons in the $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channel [14–16]. These uncertainties are assumed to be uncorrelated between the two experiments since they are related to the specific characteristics of the detectors as well as to the calibration procedures, which are fully independent except for negligible effects due to the use of the common $Z$ boson mass [36] to specify the absolute energy andTable 1: Systematic uncertainties $\delta m_H$ (see text) associated with the indicated effects for each of the four input channels, and the corresponding contributions of ATLAS and CMS to the systematic uncertainties of the combined result. “ECAL” refers to the electromagnetic calorimeters. The numbers in parentheses indicate expected values obtained from the prefit Asimov data set discussed in the text. The uncertainties for the combined result are related to the values of the individual channels through the relative weight of the individual channel in the combination, which is proportional to the inverse of the respective uncertainty squared. The top section of the table divides the sources of systematic uncertainty into three classes, which are discussed in the text. The bottom section of the table shows the total systematic uncertainties estimated by adding the individual contributions in quadrature, the total systematic uncertainties evaluated using the nominal method discussed in the text, the statistical uncertainties, the total uncertainties, and the analysis weights, illustrative of the relative weight of each channel in the combined $m_H$ measurement.

	Uncertainty in ATLAS results [GeV]:		Uncertainty in CMS results [GeV]:		Uncertainty in combined result [GeV]:
	$H\; \backslash rightarrow\; \backslash gamma\backslash gamma$	$H\; \backslash rightarrow\; ZZ\; \backslash rightarrow\; 4\backslash ell$	$H\; \backslash rightarrow\; \backslash gamma\backslash gamma$	$H\; \backslash rightarrow\; ZZ\; \backslash rightarrow\; 4\backslash ell$	ATLAS	CMS
Scale uncertainties:
ATLAS ECAL non-linearity /
CMS photon non-linearity	0.14 (0.16)	–	0.10 (0.13)	–	0.02 (0.04)	0.05 (0.06)
Material in front of ECAL	0.15 (0.13)	–	0.07 (0.07)	–	0.03 (0.03)	0.04 (0.03)
ECAL longitudinal response	0.12 (0.13)	–	0.02 (0.01)	–	0.02 (0.03)	0.01 (0.01)
ECAL lateral shower shape	0.09 (0.08)	–	0.06 (0.06)	–	0.02 (0.02)	0.03 (0.03)
Photon energy resolution	0.03 (0.01)	–	0.01 (<0.01)	–	0.02 (<0.01)	<0.01 (<0.01)
ATLAS $H\; \backslash rightarrow\; \backslash gamma\backslash gamma$ vertex & conversion reconstruction	0.05 (0.05)	–	–	–	0.01 (0.01)	–
$Z\; \backslash rightarrow\; ee$ calibration	0.05 (0.04)	0.03 (0.02)	0.05 (0.05)	–	0.02 (0.01)	0.02 (0.02)
CMS electron energy scale & resolution	–	–	–	0.12 (0.09)	–	0.03 (0.02)
Muon momentum scale & resolution	–	0.03 (0.04)	–	0.11 (0.10)	<0.01 (0.01)	0.05 (0.02)
Other uncertainties:
ATLAS $H\; \backslash rightarrow\; \backslash gamma\backslash gamma$ background modeling	0.04 (0.03)	–	–	–	0.01 (0.01)	–
Integrated luminosity	0.01 (<0.01)	<0.01 (<0.01)	0.01 (<0.01)	<0.01 (<0.01)	0.01 (<0.01)	–
Additional experimental systematic uncertainties	0.03 (<0.01)	<0.01 (<0.01)	0.02 (<0.01)	0.01 (<0.01)	0.01 (<0.01)	0.01 (<0.01)
Theory uncertainties	<0.01 (<0.01)	<0.01 (<0.01)	0.02 (<0.01)	<0.01 (<0.01)	0.01 (<0.01)	–
Systematic uncertainty (sum in quadrature)	0.27 (0.27)	0.04 (0.04)	0.15 (0.17)	0.16 (0.13)	0.11 (0.10)	–
Systematic uncertainty (nominal)	0.27 (0.27)	0.04 (0.05)	0.15 (0.17)	0.17 (0.14)	0.11 (0.10)	–
Statistical uncertainty	0.43 (0.45)	0.52 (0.66)	0.31 (0.32)	0.42 (0.57)	0.21 (0.22)	–
Total uncertainty	0.51 (0.52)	0.52 (0.66)	0.34 (0.36)	0.45 (0.59)	0.24 (0.24)	–
Analysis weights	19% (22%)	18% (14%)	40% (46%)	23% (17%)	–	–

momentum scales. Other experimental systematic uncertainties [14–16] are similarly assumed to be uncorrelated between the two experiments. Uncertainties in the theoretical predictions and in the measured integrated luminosities are treated as fully and partially correlated, respectively.

To evaluate the relative importance of the different sources of systematic uncertainty, the nuisance parameters are grouped according to their correspondence to three broad classes of systematic uncertainty:

• • uncertainties in the energy or momentum scale and resolution for photons, electrons, and muons (“scale”),
• • theoretical uncertainties, e.g., uncertainties in the Higgs boson cross section and branching fractions, and in the normalization of SM background processes (“theory”),
• • other experimental uncertainties (“other”).

First, the total uncertainty is obtained from the full profile-likelihood scan, as explained above. Next, parameters associated with the “scale” terms are fixed and a new scan is performed.Then, in addition to the scale terms, the parameters associated with the “theory” terms are fixed and a scan performed. Finally, in addition, the “other” parameters are fixed and a scan performed. Thus the fits are performed iteratively, with the different classes of nuisance parameters cumulatively held fixed to their best-fit values. The uncertainties associated with the different classes of nuisance parameters are defined by the difference in quadrature between the uncertainties resulting from consecutive scans. The statistical uncertainty is determined from the final scan, with all nuisance parameters associated with systematic terms held fixed, as explained above. The result is

$$m_H=125.09\pm 0.21\text{ (stat.)}\pm 0.11\text{ (scale)}\pm 0.02\text{ (other)}\pm 0.01\text{ (theory) GeV},(8)m\_H\; =\; 125.09\; \backslash pm\; 0.21\; \backslash text\{\; (stat.)\}\; \backslash pm\; 0.11\; \backslash text\{\; (scale)\}\; \backslash pm\; 0.02\; \backslash text\{\; (other)\}\; \backslash pm\; 0.01\; \backslash text\{\; (theory)\; GeV\},\; \backslash quad\; (8)$$

from which it is seen that the systematic uncertainty is indeed dominated by the energy and momentum scale terms.

The relative importance of the various sources of systematic uncertainty is further investigated by dividing the nuisance parameters into yet-finer groups, with each group associated with a specific underlying effect, and evaluating the impact of each group on the overall mass uncertainty. The matching of nuisance parameters to an effect is not strictly rigorous because nuisance parameters in the two experiments do not always represent exactly the same effect and in some cases multiple effects are related to the same nuisance parameter. Nevertheless the relative impact of the different effects can be explored. A few experiment-specific groups of nuisance parameters are defined. For example, ATLAS includes a group of nuisance parameters to account for the inaccuracy of the background modeling for the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel. To model this background, ATLAS uses specific analytic functions in each category [14] while CMS simultaneously considers different background parameterizations [35]. The systematic uncertainty in $m_H$ related to the background modeling in CMS is estimated to be negligible [15].

The impact of groups of nuisance parameters is evaluated starting from the contribution of each individual nuisance parameter to the total uncertainty. This contribution is defined as the mass shift $\delta m_H$ observed when re-evaluating the profile-likelihood ratio after fixing the nuisance parameter in question to its best-fit value increased or decreased by 1 standard deviation ( $\sigma$ ) in its distribution. For a nuisance parameter whose PDF is a Gaussian distribution, this shift corresponds to the contribution of that particular nuisance parameter to the final uncertainty. The impact of a group of nuisance parameters is estimated by summing in quadrature the contributions from the individual parameters.

The impacts $\delta m_H$ due to each of the considered effects are listed in Table 1. The results are reported for the four individual channels, both for the data and (in parentheses) the prefit Asimov data set. The row labeled “Systematic uncertainty (sum in quadrature)” shows the total sums in quadrature of the individual terms in the table. The row labeled “Systematic uncertainty (nominal)” shows the corresponding total systematic uncertainties derived using the subtraction in quadrature method discussed in connection with Eq. (3). The two methods to evaluate the total systematic uncertainty are seen to agree within 10 MeV, which is comparable with the precision of the estimates. The two rightmost columns of Table 1 list the contribution of each group of nuisance parameters to the uncertainties in the combined mass measurement, for ATLAS and CMS separately.

The statistical and total uncertainties are summarized in the bottom section of Table 1. Since the weight of a channel in the final combination is determined by the inverse of the squared uncertainty, the approximate relative weights for the combined result are 19% ( $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ ) and 18% ( $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ ) for ATLAS, and 40% ( $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ ) and 23% ( $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ ) for CMS. These weights are reported in the last row of Table 1, along with the expected values.Figure 3 presents the impact of each group of nuisance parameters on the total systematic uncertainty in the mass measurement of ATLAS, CMS, and the combination. For the individual ATLAS and CMS measurements, the results in Fig. 3 are approximately equivalent to the sum in quadrature of the respective $\delta m_H$ terms in Table 1 multiplied by their analysis weights, after normalizing these weights to correspond to either ATLAS only or CMS only. The ATLAS and CMS combined results in Fig. 3 are the sum in quadrature of the combined results in Table 1.

The results in Table 1 and Fig. 3 establish that the largest systematic effects for the mass uncertainty are those related to the determination of the energy scale of the photons, followed by those associated with the determination of the electron and muon momentum scales. Since the CMS $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel has the largest weight in the combination, its impact on the systematic uncertainty of the combined result is largest.

Figure 3: The impacts $\delta m_H$ (see text) of the nuisance parameter groups in Table 1 on the ATLAS (left), CMS (center), and combined (right) mass measurement uncertainty. The observed (expected) results are shown by the solid (empty) bars.

The mutual compatibility of the $m_H$ results from the four individual channels is tested using a likelihood ratio with four masses in the numerator and a common mass in the denominator, and thus three degrees of freedom. The three signal strengths are profiled in both the numerator and denominator as in Eq. (1). The resulting compatibility, defined as the asymptotic $p$ -value of the fit, is 10%. Allowing the ATLAS and CMS signal strengths to vary independently yields a compatibility of 7%. This latter fit results in an $m_H$ value that is 40 MeV larger than the nominal result.

The compatibility of the combined ATLAS and CMS mass measurement in the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel with the combined measurement in the $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channel is evaluated using the variable $\Delta m_{\gamma Z} \equiv m_H^{\gamma\gamma} - m_H^{4\ell}$ as the parameter of interest, with all other parameters, includ-ing $m_H$ , profiled. Similarly, the compatibility of the ATLAS combined mass measurement in the two channels with the CMS combined measurement in the two channels is evaluated using the variable $\Delta m^{\text{expt}} \equiv m_H^{\text{ATLAS}} - m_H^{\text{CMS}}$ . The observed results, $\Delta m_{\gamma Z} = -0.1 \pm 0.5$ GeV and $\Delta m^{\text{expt}} = 0.4 \pm 0.5$ GeV, are both consistent with zero within $1\sigma$ . The difference between the mass values in the two experiments is $\Delta m_{\gamma\gamma}^{\text{expt}} = 1.3 \pm 0.6$ GeV ( $2.1\sigma$ ) for the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel and $\Delta m_{4\ell}^{\text{expt}} = -0.9 \pm 0.7$ GeV ( $1.3\sigma$ ) for the $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channel. The combined results exhibit a greater degree of compatibility than the results from the individual decay channels because the $\Delta m^{\text{expt}}$ value has opposite signs in the two channels.

The compatibility of the signal strengths from ATLAS and CMS is evaluated through the ratios $\lambda^{\text{expt}} = \mu^{\text{ATLAS}}/\mu^{\text{CMS}}$ , $\lambda_F^{\text{expt}} = \mu_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma\gamma \text{ ATLAS}}/\mu_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma\gamma \text{ CMS}}$ , and $\lambda_{4\ell}^{\text{expt}} = \mu_{4\ell}^{\text{ATLAS}}/\mu_{4\ell}^{\text{CMS}}$ . For this purpose, each ratio is individually taken to be the parameter of interest, with all other nuisance parameters profiled, including the remaining two ratios for the first two tests. We find $\lambda^{\text{expt}} = 1.21^{+0.30}{-0.24}$ , $\lambda_F^{\text{expt}} = 1.3^{+0.8}{-0.5}$ , and $\lambda_{4\ell}^{\text{expt}} = 1.3^{+0.5}{-0.4}$ , all of which are consistent with unity within $1\sigma$ . The ratio $\lambda_V^{\text{expt}} = \mu{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma \text{ ATLAS}}/\mu_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma \text{ CMS}}$ is omitted because the ATLAS mass measurement in the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channel is not sensitive to $\mu_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma}/\mu_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma\gamma}$ .

The correlation between the signal strength and the measured mass is explored with 2D likelihood scans as functions of $\mu$ and $m_H$ . The three signal strengths are assumed to be the same: $\mu_{ggF+t\bar{t}H}^{\gamma\gamma} = \mu_{VBF+VH}^{\gamma\gamma} = \mu_{4\ell}^{\gamma\gamma} \equiv \mu$ , and thus the ratios of the production cross sections times branching fractions are constrained to the SM predictions. Assuming that the negative log-likelihood ratio $-2 \ln \Lambda(\mu, m_H)$ is distributed as a $\chi^2$ variable with two degrees of freedom, the 68% confidence level (CL) confidence regions are shown in Fig. 4 for each individual measurement, as well as for the combined result.

In summary, a combined measurement of the Higgs boson mass is performed in the $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ and $H \rightarrow ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ channels using the LHC Run 1 data sets of the ATLAS and CMS experiments, with minimal reliance on the assumption that the Higgs boson behaves as predicted by the SM.

The result is

where the total uncertainty is dominated by the statistical term, with the systematic uncertainty dominated by effects related to the photon, electron, and muon energy or momentum scales and resolutions. Compatibility tests are performed to ascertain whether the measurements are consistent with each other, both between the different decay channels and between the two experiments. All tests on the combined results indicate consistency of the different measurements within $1\sigma$ , while the four Higgs boson mass measurements in the two channels of the two experiments agree within $2\sigma$ . The combined measurement of the Higgs boson mass improves upon the results from the individual experiments and is the most precise measurement to date of this fundamental parameter of the newly discovered particle.

Acknowledgments

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS and CMS could not be operated efficiently.

We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT (Argentina); YerPhI (Armenia); ARC (Australia); BMWFW and FWF (Austria); ANAS (Azerbaijan); SSTC (Belarus); FNRS and FWO (Belgium);Figure 4: Summary of likelihood scans in the 2D plane of signal strength $\mu$ versus Higgs boson mass $m_H$ for the ATLAS and CMS experiments. The 68% CL confidence regions of the individual measurements are shown by the dashed curves and of the overall combination by the solid curve. The markers indicate the respective best-fit values.

CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); NSERC, NRC, and CFI (Canada); CERN; CONICYT (Chile); CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR (Czech Republic); DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation (Denmark); MoER, ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); EPLANET, ERC and NSRF (European Union); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA, CNRS/IN2P3 (France); GNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG, and AvH Foundation (Germany); GSRT and NSRF (Greece); RGC (Hong Kong SAR, China); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benozio Center (Israel); INFN (Italy); MEXT and JSPS (Japan); JINR; MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); CNRST (Morocco); FOM and NWO (Netherlands); MBIE (New Zealand); BRF and RCN (Norway); PAEC (Pakistan); MNiSW, MSHE, NCN, and NSC (Poland); GRICES and FCT (Portugal); MNE/IFA (Romania); MES of Russia, MON, RosAtom, RAS, and RFBR (Russian Federation); MSTD and MESTD (Serbia); MSSR (Slovakia); ARRS and MIZŠ (Slovenia); DST/NRF (South Africa); MINECO, SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); SRC and Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden); ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SER, SNSF, UniZH, and Cantons of Bern, Genève and Zurich (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); MST (Taiwan); TheEPCenter, IPST, STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC and the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (United States of America).

In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the crucial computing support from all WLCG partners, in particular from CERN and the Tier-1 and Tier-2 facilities worldwide.## References

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Camarri^133a,133b, D. Cameron¹¹⁹, L.M. Caminada¹⁵, R. Caminal Armadans¹², S. Campana³⁰, M. Campanelli⁷⁸, A. Campoverde¹⁴⁸, V. Canale^104a,104b, A. Canepa^159a, M. Cano Bret⁷⁶, J. Cantero⁸², R. Cantrill^126a, T. Cao⁴⁰, M.D.M. Capeans Garrido³⁰, I. Caprini^26a, M. Caprini^26a, M. Capua^37a,37b, R. Caputo⁸³, R. Cardarelli^133a, T. Carli³⁰, G. Carlino^104a, L. Carminati^91a,91b, S. Caron¹⁰⁶, E. Carquin^32a, G.D. Carrillo-Montoya⁸, J.R. Carter²⁸, J. Carvalho^126a,126c, D. Casadei⁷⁸, M.P. Casado¹², M. Casolino¹², E. Castaneda-Miranda^145b, A. Castelli¹⁰⁷, V. Castillo Gimenez¹⁶⁷, N.F. Castro^126a,g, P. Catastini⁵⁷, A. Catinaccio³⁰, J.R. Catmore¹¹⁹, A. Cattai³⁰, J. Caudron⁸³, V. Cavaliere¹⁶⁵, D. Cavalli^91a, M. Cavalli-Sforza¹², V. Cavasinni^124a,124b, F. Ceradini^134a,134b, B.C. Cerio⁴⁵, K. Cerny¹²⁹, A.S. Cerqueira^24b, A. Cerri¹⁴⁹, L. Cerrito⁷⁶, F. Cerutti¹⁵, M. Cerv³⁰, A. Cervelli¹⁷, S.A. Cetin^19b, A. Chafaq^135a, D. Chakraborty¹⁰⁸, I. Chalupkova¹²⁹, P. Chang¹⁶⁵, B. Chapleau⁸⁷, J.D. Chapman²⁸, D.G. Charlton¹⁸, C.C. Chau¹⁵⁸, C.A. Chavez Barajas¹⁴⁹, S. Cheatham¹⁵², A. Chegwidde⁹⁰, S. Chekanov⁶, S.V. Chekulaev^159a, G.A. Chelkov^65,h, M.A. Chelstowska⁸⁹, C. Chen⁶⁴, H. Chen²⁵, K. Chen¹⁴⁸, L. Chen^33d,i, S. Chen^33c, X. Chen^33f, Y. Chen⁶⁷, H.C. Cheng⁸⁹, Y. Cheng³¹, A. Cheplakov⁶⁵, E. Cheremushkina¹³⁰, R. Cherkouli El Moursli^135e, V. Chernyatin^25,*, E. Cheu⁷, L. Chevalier¹³⁶, V. Chiarella⁴⁷, J.T. Childers⁶, G. Chiodini^73a, A.S. Chisholm¹⁸, R.T. Chislett⁷⁸, A. Chitan^26a, M.V. Chizhov⁶⁵, K. Choi⁶¹, S. Chouridou⁹, B.K.B. Chow¹⁰⁰, V. Christodoulou⁷⁸, D. Chromek-Burckhart³⁰, M.L. Chu¹⁵¹, J. Chudoba¹²⁷, A.J. Chuinard⁸⁷, J.J. Chwastowski³⁹, L. Chytka¹¹⁵, G. Ciapetti^132a,132b, A.K. Ciftci^4a, D. Cinca⁵³, V. Cindro⁷⁵, I.A. Cioara²¹, A. Ciocio¹⁵, Z.H. Citron¹⁷², M. Ciubancan^26a, A. Clark⁴⁹, B.L. Clark⁵⁷, P.J. Clark⁴⁶, R.N. Clarke¹⁵, W. Cleland¹²⁵, C. Clement^146a,146b, Y. Coadou⁸⁵, M. Cobal^164a,164c, A. Coccaro¹³⁸, J. Cochran⁶⁴, L. Coffey²³, J.G. Cogan¹⁴³, B. Cole³⁵, S. Cole¹⁰⁸, A.P. Colijn¹⁰⁷, J. Collot⁵⁵, T. Colombo^58c, G. Compostella¹⁰¹, P. Conde Muño^126a,126b, E. Coniavitis⁴⁸, S.H. Connell^145b, I.A. Connelly⁷⁷, S.M. Consonni^91a,91b, V. Consorti⁴⁸, S. Constantinescu^26a, C. Conta^121a,121b, G. Conti³⁰, F. Conventi^104a,j, M. Cooke¹⁵, B.D. Cooper⁷⁸, A.M. Cooper-Sarkar¹²⁰, T. Cornelissen¹⁷⁵, M. Corradi^20a, F. Corriveau^87,k, A. Corso-Radu¹⁶³, A. Cortes-Gonzalez¹², G. Cortiana¹⁰¹, G. Costa^91a, M.J. Costa¹⁶⁷, D. Costanzo¹³⁹, D. Côté⁸, G. Cottin²⁸, G. Cowan⁷⁷, B.E. Cox⁸⁴, K. Cranmer¹¹⁰, G. Cree²⁹, S. Crépé-Renaudin⁵⁵, F. Crescioli⁸⁰, W.A. Cribbs^146a,146b, M. Crispin Ortiz¹²⁰, M. Cristinziani²¹, V. Croft¹⁰⁶, G. Crosetti^37a,37b, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann¹³⁹, J. Cummings¹⁷⁶, M. Curatolo⁴⁷, C. Cuthbert¹⁵⁰, H. Czirr¹⁴¹, P. Czodrowski³, S. D'Auria⁵³, M. D'Onofrio⁷⁴, M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa^126a,126b, C. Da Via⁸⁴, W. Dabrowski^38a, A. Dafinca¹²⁰, T. Dai⁸⁹, O. Dale¹⁴, F. Dallaire⁹⁵, C. Dallapiccola⁸⁶, M. Dam³⁶, J.R. Dandoy³¹, N.P. Dang⁴⁸, A.C. Daniells¹⁸, M. Danninge¹⁶⁸,M. Dano Hoffmann¹³⁶, V. Dao⁴⁸, G. Darbo^50a, S. Darmora⁸, J. Dassoulas³, A. Dattagupta⁶¹, W. Davey²¹, C. David¹⁶⁹, T. Davidek¹²⁹, E. Davies^120,l, M. Davies¹⁵³, P. Davison⁷⁸, Y. Davygora^58a, E. Dawe⁸⁸, I. Dawson¹³⁹, R.K. Daya-Ishmukhametova⁸⁶, K. De⁸, R. de Asmundis^104a, S. De Castro^20a,20b, S. De Cecco⁸⁰, N. De Groot¹⁰⁶, P. de Jong¹⁰⁷, H. De la Torre⁸², F. De Lorenzi⁶⁴, L. De Nooij¹⁰⁷, D. De Pedis^132a, A. De Salvo^132a, U. De Sanctis¹⁴⁹, A. De Santo¹⁴⁹, J.B. De Vivie De Regie¹¹⁷, W.J. Dearnaley⁷², R. Debbe²⁵, C. Debenedetti¹³⁷, D.V. Dedovich⁶⁵, I. Deigaard¹⁰⁷, J. Del Peso⁸², T. Del Prete^124a,124b, D. Delgove¹¹⁷, F. Deliot¹³⁶, C.M. Delitzsch⁴⁹, M. Delierygiyev⁷⁵, A. Dell'Acqua³⁰, L. Dell'Asta²², M. Dell'Orso^124a,124b, M. Della Pietra^104a,j, D. della Volpe⁴⁹, M. Delmastro⁵, P.A. Delsart⁵⁵, C. Deluca¹⁰⁷, D.A. DeMarco¹⁵⁸, S. Demers¹⁷⁶, M. Demichev⁶⁵, A. Demilly⁸⁰, S.P. Denisov¹³⁰, D. Derendarz³⁹, J.E. Derkaoui^135d, F. Derue⁸⁰, P. Dervan⁷⁴, K. Desch²¹, C. Deterre⁴², P.O. Deviveiros³⁰, A. Dewhurst¹³¹, S. Dhaliwal¹⁰⁷, A. Di Ciaccio^133a,133b, L. Di Ciaccio⁵, A. Di Domenico^132a,132b, C. Di Donato^104a,104b, A. Di Girolamo³⁰, B. Di Girolamo³⁰, A. Di Mattia¹⁵², B. Di Micco^134a,134b, R. Di Nardo⁴⁷, A. Di Simone⁴⁸, R. Di Sipio¹⁵⁸, D. Di Valentino²⁹, C. Diaconu⁸⁵, M. Diamond¹⁵⁸, F.A. Dias⁴⁶, M.A. Diaz^32a, E.B. Diehl⁸⁹, J. Dietrich¹⁶, S. Diglio⁸⁵, A. Dimitrievska¹³, J. Dingfelder²¹, P. Dita^26a, S. Dita^26a, F. Dittus³⁰, F. Djama⁸⁵, T. Djobava^51b, J.I. Djuvsland^58a, M.A.B. do Vale^24c, D. Dobos³⁰, M. Dobre^26a, C. Doglioni⁴⁹, T. Dohmae¹⁵⁵, J. Dolejsi¹²⁹, Z. Dolezal¹²⁹, B.A. Dolgoshein^98,*, M. Donadelli^24d, S. Donati^124a,124b, P. Dondero^121a,121b, J. Donini³⁴, J. Dopke¹³¹, A. Doria^104a, M.T. Dova⁷¹, A.T. Doyle⁵³, E. Drechsler⁵⁴, M. Dris¹⁰, E. Dubreuil³⁴, E. Duchovni¹⁷², G. Duckeck¹⁰⁰, O.A. Ducu^26a,85, D. Duda¹⁷⁵, A. Dudarev³⁰, L. Duflot¹¹⁷, L. Duguid⁷⁷, M. Dührssen³⁰, M. Dunford^58a, H. Duran Yildiz^4a, M. Düren⁵², A. Durglishvili^51b, D. Duschinger⁴⁴, M. Dyndal^38a, C. Eckardt⁴², K.M. Ecker¹⁰¹, R.C. Edgar⁸⁹, W. Edson², N.C. Edwards⁴⁶, W. Ehrenfeld²¹, T. Eifert³⁰, G. Eigen¹⁴, K. Einsweiler¹⁵, T. Ekelof¹⁶⁶, M. El Kacimi^135c, M. Ellert¹⁶⁶, S. Elles⁵, F. Ellinghaus⁸³, A.A. Elliot¹⁶⁹, N. Ellis³⁰, J. Elmsheuser¹⁰⁰, M. Elsing³⁰, D. Emelyanov¹³¹, Y. Enari¹⁵⁵, O.C. Endner⁸³, M. Endo¹¹⁸, R. Engelmann¹⁴⁸, J. Erdmann⁴³, A. Ereditato¹⁷, G. Ernis¹⁷⁵, J. Ernst², M. Ernst²⁵, S. Errede¹⁶⁵, E. Ertel⁸³, M. Escalier¹¹⁷, H. Esch⁴³, C. Escobar¹²⁵, B. Esposito⁴⁷, A.I. Etievre¹³⁶, E. Etzion¹⁵³, H. Evans⁶¹, A. Ezhilov¹²³, L. Fabbri^20a,20b, G. Facini³¹, R.M. Fakhruddinov¹³⁰, S. Falciano^132a, R.J. Falla⁷⁸, J. Faltova¹²⁹, Y. Fang^33a, M. Fanti^91a,91b, A. Farbin⁸, A. Farilla^134a, T. Farooque¹², S. Farrell¹⁵, S.M. Farrington¹⁷⁰, P. Farthouat³⁰, F. Fassi^135e, P. Fassnacht³⁰, D. Fassouliotis⁹, M. Faucci Giannelli⁷⁷, A. Favareto^50a,50b, L. Fayard¹¹⁷, P. Federic^144a, O.L. Fedin^123,m, W. Fedorko¹⁶⁸, S. Feigl³⁰, L. Feligioni⁸⁵, C. Feng^33d, E.J. Feng⁶, H. Feng⁸⁹, A.B. Fenyuk¹³⁰, P. Fernandez Martinez¹⁶⁷, S. Fernandez Perez³⁰, S. Ferrag⁵³, J. Ferrando⁵³, A. Ferrari¹⁶⁶, P. Ferrari¹⁰⁷, R. Ferrari^121a, D.E. Ferreira de Lima⁵³, A. Ferrer¹⁶⁷, D. Ferrere⁴⁹, C. Ferretti⁸⁹, A. Ferretto Parodi^50a,50b, M. Fiascaris³¹, F. Fiedler⁸³, A. Filipčić⁷⁵, M. Filipuzzi⁴², F. Filthaut¹⁰⁶, M. Fincke-Keeler¹⁶⁹, K.D. Finelli¹⁵⁰, M.C.N. Fiolhais^126a,126c, L. Fiorini¹⁶⁷, A. Firan⁴⁰, A. Fischer², C. Fischer¹², J. Fischer¹⁷⁵, W.C. Fisher⁹⁰, E.A. Fitzgerald²³, M. Flechl⁴⁸, I. Fleck¹⁴¹, P. Fleischmann⁸⁹, S. Fleischmann¹⁷⁵, G.T. Fletcher¹³⁹, G. Fletcher⁷⁶, T. Flick¹⁷⁵, A. Floderus⁸¹, L.R. Flores Castillo^60a, M.J. Flowerdew¹⁰¹, A. Formica¹³⁶, A. Forti⁸⁴, D. Fournier¹¹⁷, H. Fox⁷², S. Fracchia¹², P. Francavilla⁸⁰, M. Franchini^20a,20b, D. Francis³⁰, L. Franconi¹¹⁹, M. Franklin⁵⁷, M. Fraternali^121a,121b, D. Freeborn⁷⁸, S.T. French²⁸, F. Friedrich⁴⁴, D. Froidevaux³⁰, J.A. Frost¹²⁰, C. Fukunaga¹⁵⁶, E. Fullana Torregrosa⁸³, B.G. Fulsom¹⁴³, J. Fuster¹⁶⁷, C. Gabaldon⁵⁵, O. Gabizon¹⁷⁵, A. Gabrielli^20a,20b, A. Gabrielli^132a,132b, S. Gadatsch¹⁰⁷, S. Gadomski⁴⁹, G. Gagliardi^50a,50b, P. Gagnon⁶¹, C. Galea¹⁰⁶, B. Galhardo^126a,126c, E.J. Gallas¹²⁰, B.J. Gallop¹³¹, P. Gallus¹²⁸, G. Galster³⁶, K.K. Gan¹¹¹, J. Gao^33b,85, Y. Gao⁴⁶, Y.S. Gao^143,e, F.M. Garay Walls⁴⁶, F. Garberson¹⁷⁶, C. García¹⁶⁷, J.E. García Navarro¹⁶⁷, M. García-Sciveres¹⁵, R.W. Gardner³¹, N. Garelli¹⁴³, V. Garonne¹¹⁹, C. Gatti⁴⁷, A. Gaudiello^50a,50b, G. Gaudio^121a, B. Gaur¹⁴¹, L. Gauthier⁹⁵, P. Gauzzi^132a,132b, I.L. Gavrilenko⁹⁶, C. Gay¹⁶⁸,G. Gaycken²¹, E.N. Gazis¹⁰, P. Ge^33d, Z. Gecse¹⁶⁸, C.N.P. Gee¹³¹, D.A.A. Geerts¹⁰⁷, Ch. Geich-Gimbel²¹, M.P. Geisler^58a, C. Gemme^50a, M.H. Genest⁵⁵, S. Gentile^132a,132b, M. George⁵⁴, S. George⁷⁷, D. Gerbaudo¹⁶³, A. Gershon¹⁵³, H. Ghazlane^135b, B. Giacobbe^20a, S. Giagu^132a,132b, V. Giangioibe¹², P. Giannetti^124a,124b, B. Gibbard²⁵, S.M. Gibson⁷⁷, M. Gilchriese¹⁵, T.P.S. Gillam²⁸, D. Gillberg³⁰, G. 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Shang¹⁶⁵, J.T. Shank²², M. Shapiro¹⁵, P.B. Shatalov⁹⁷, K. Shaw^164a,164b, S.M. Shaw⁸⁴, A. Shcherbakova^146a,146b, C.Y. Shehu¹⁴⁹, P. Sherwood⁷⁸, L. Shi^151,ae, S. Shimizu⁶⁷, C.O. Shimmin¹⁶³, M. Shimojima¹⁰², M. Shiyakova⁶⁵, A. Shmeleva⁹⁶, D. Shoaleh Saadi⁹⁵, M.J. Shochet³¹, S. Shojaii^91a,91b, S. Shrestha¹¹¹, E. Shulga⁹⁸, M.A. Shupe⁷, S. Shushkevich⁴²,P. Sicho¹²⁷, O. Sidiropoulou¹⁷⁴, D. Sidorov¹¹⁴, A. Sidoti^20a,20b, F. Siegert⁴⁴, Dj. Sijacki¹³, J. Silva^126a,126d, Y. Silver¹⁵³, S.B. Silverstein^146a, V. Simak¹²⁸, O. Simard⁵, Lj. Simic¹³, S. Simion¹¹⁷, E. Simioni⁸³, B. Simmons⁷⁸, D. Simon³⁴, R. Simonielo^91a,91b, P. Sinervo¹⁵⁸, N.B. Sinev¹¹⁶, G. Siragusa¹⁷⁴, A.N. Sisakyan^65,*, S.Yu. Sivoklokov⁹⁹, J. Sjölin^146a,146b, T.B. Sjursen¹⁴, M.B. Skinner⁷², H.P. Skottowe⁵⁷, P. Skubic¹¹³, M. Slater¹⁸, T. Slavicek¹²⁸, M. Slawinska¹⁰⁷, K. Sliwa¹⁶¹, V. Smakhtin¹⁷², B.H. Smart⁴⁶, L. Smestad¹⁴, S.Yu. Smirnov⁹⁸, Y. Smirnov⁹⁸, L.N. Smirnova^99,af, O. Smirnova⁸¹, M.N.K. Smith³⁵, R.W. Smith³⁵, M. Smizanska⁷², K. Smolek¹²⁸, A.A. Snesarev⁹⁶, G. Snidero⁷⁶, S. Snyder²⁵, R. Sobie^169,k, F. Socher⁴⁴, A. Soffer¹⁵³, D.A. Soh^151,ae, C.A. Solans³⁰, M. Solar¹²⁸, J. Solc¹²⁸, E.Yu. Soldatov⁹⁸, U. Soldevila¹⁶⁷, A.A. Solodkov¹³⁰, A. Soloshenko⁶⁵, O.V. Solovyannov¹³⁰, V. Solovyyev¹²³, P. Sommer⁴⁸, H.Y. Song^33b, N. Soni¹, A. Sood¹⁵, A. Sopczak¹²⁸, B. Sopko¹²⁸, V. Sopko¹²⁸, V. Sorin¹², D. Sosa^58b, M. Sosebee⁸, C.L. Sotiropoulou^124a,124b, R. Soualah^164a,164c, P. Soueid⁹⁵, A.M. Soukharev^109,c, D. South⁴², B.C. Sowden⁷⁷, S. Spagnolo^73a,73b, M. Spalla^124a,124b, F. Spanò⁷⁷, W.R. Spearman⁵⁷, F. Spettel¹⁰¹, R. Spighi^20a, G. Spigo³⁰, L.A. Spiller⁸⁸, M. Spousta¹²⁹, T. Spreitzer¹⁵⁸, R.D. St. Denis^53,*, S. Staerz⁴⁴, J. Stahlman¹²², R. Stamen^58a, S. Stamm¹⁶, E. Stancka³⁹, C. Stanescu^134a, M. Stanescu-Bellu⁴², M.M. Stanitzki⁴², S. Stapnes¹¹⁹, E.A. Starchenko¹³⁰, J. Stark⁵⁵, P. Staroba¹²⁷, P. Starovoitov⁴², R. Staszewski³⁹, P. Stavina^144a,*, P. Steinberg²⁵, B. Stelzer¹⁴², H.J. Stelzer³⁰, O. Stelzer-Chilton^159a, H. Stenzel⁵², S. Stern¹⁰¹, G.A. Stewart⁵³, J.A. Stillings²¹, M.C. Stockton⁸⁷, M. Stoebe⁸⁷, G. Stoicea^26a, P. Stolte⁵⁴, S. Stonjek¹⁰¹, A.R. Stradling⁸, A. Straessner⁴⁴, M.E. Stramaglia¹⁷, J. Strandberg¹⁴⁷, S. Strandberg^146a,146b, A. Strandlie¹¹⁹, E. Strauss¹⁴³, M. Strauss¹¹³, P. Strizenec^144b, R. Ströhmer¹⁷⁴, D.M. Strom¹¹⁶, R. Stroynowski⁴⁰, A. Strubig¹⁰⁶, S.A. Stucci¹⁷, B. Stugu¹⁴, N.A. Styles⁴², D. Su¹⁴³, J. Su¹²⁵, R. Subramaniam⁷⁹, A. Succurro¹², Y. Sugaya¹¹⁸, C. Suhr¹⁰⁸, M. Suk¹²⁸, V.V. Sulin⁹⁶, S. Sultansoy^4d, T. Sumida⁶⁸, S. Sun⁵⁷, X. Sun^33a, J.E. Sundermann⁴⁸, K. Suruliz¹⁴⁹, G. Susinno^37a,37b, M.R. Sutton¹⁴⁹, S. Suzuki⁶⁶, Y. Suzuki⁶⁶, M. Svatos¹²⁷, S. Swedish¹⁶⁸, M. Swiatlowski¹⁴³, I. Sykora^144a, T. Sykora¹²⁹, D. Ta⁹⁰, C. Taccini^134a,134b, K. Tackmann⁴², J. Taenzer¹⁵⁸, A. Taffard¹⁶³, R. Tafirout^159a, N. Taiblum¹⁵³, H. Takai²⁵, R. Takashima⁶⁹, H. Takeda⁶⁷, T. Takeshita¹⁴⁰, Y. Takubo⁶⁶, M. Talby⁸⁵, A.A. Talychev^109,c, J.Y.C. Tam¹⁷⁴, K.G. Tan⁸⁸, J. Tanaka¹⁵⁵, R. Tanaka¹¹⁷, S. Tanaka⁶⁶, B.B. Tannenwald¹¹¹, N. Tannoury²¹, S. Tapprogge⁸³, S. Tarem¹⁵², F. Tarrade²⁹, G.F. Tartarelli^91a, P. Tas¹²⁹, M. Tasevsky¹²⁷, T. Tashiro⁶⁸, E. Tassi^37a,37b, A. Tavares Delgado^126a,126b, Y. Tayalati^135d, F.E. Taylor⁹⁴, G.N. Taylor⁸⁸, W. Taylor^159b, F.A. Teischinger³⁰, M. Teixeira Dias Castanheira⁷⁶, P. Teixeira-Dias⁷⁷, K.K. Temming⁴⁸, H. Ten Kate³⁰, P.K. Teng¹⁵¹, J.J. Teoh¹¹⁸, F. Tepel¹⁷⁵, S. Terada⁶⁶, K. Terashi¹⁵⁵, J. Terror⁸², S. Terzo¹⁰¹, M. Testa⁴⁷, R.J. Teuscher^158,k, J. Therhaag²¹, T. Theveneaux-Pelzer³⁴, J.P. Thomas¹⁸, J. Thomas-Wilsker⁷⁷, E.N. Thompson³⁵, P.D. Thompson¹⁸, R.J. Thompson⁸⁴, A.S. Thompson⁵³, L.A. Thomsen³⁶, E. Thomson¹²², M. Thomson²⁸, R.P. Thun^89,*, M.J. Tibbetts¹⁵, R.E. Ticse Torres⁸⁵, V.O. Tikhomirov^96,ag, Yu.A. Tikhonov^109,c, S. Timoshenko⁹⁸, E. Tiouchichine⁸⁵, P. Tipton¹⁷⁶, S. Tisserant⁸⁵, T. Todorov^5,*, S. Todorova-Nova¹²⁹, J. Tojo⁷⁰, S. Tokár^144a, K. Tokushuku⁶⁶, K. Tollefson⁹⁰, E. Tolley⁵⁷, L. Tomlinson⁸⁴, M. Tomoto¹⁰³, L. Tompkins^143,ah, K. Toms¹⁰⁵, E. Torrence¹¹⁶, H. Torres¹⁴², E. Torró Pastor¹⁶⁷, J. Toth^85,ai, F. Touchard⁸⁵, D.R. Tovey¹³⁹, T. Trefzger¹⁷⁴, L. Tremblet³⁰, A. Tricoli³⁰, I.M. Trigger^159a, S. Trincaz-Duvoid⁸⁰, M.F. Tripiana¹², W. Trischuk¹⁵⁸, B. Trocmé⁵⁵, C. Troncon^91a, M. Trottier-McDonald¹⁵, M. Trovatelli^134a,134b, P. True⁹⁰, L. Truong^164a,164c, M. Trzebinski³⁹, A. Trzupek³⁹, C. Tsarouchas³⁰, J.C-L. Tseng¹²⁰, P.V. Tsiareshka⁹², D. Tsionou¹⁵⁴, G. Tsipolitis¹⁰, N. Tsirintanis⁹, S. Tsiskaridze¹², V. Tsiskaridze⁴⁸, E.G. Tskhadadze^51a, I.I. Tsukerman⁹⁷, V. Tsulaia¹⁵, S. Tsuno⁶⁶, D. Tsybychev¹⁴⁸, A. Tudorache^26a, V. Tudorache^26a, A.N. Tuna¹²², S.A. Tupputi^20a,20b, S. Turchikhin^99,af, D. Turecek¹²⁸, R. Turra^91a,91b, A.J. Turvey⁴⁰, P.M. Tuts³⁵, A. Tykhonov⁴⁹, M. Tylmad^146a,146b, M. Tyndel¹³¹, I. Ueda¹⁵⁵, R. Ueno²⁹, M. Ughetto^146a,146b, M. Ugland¹⁴, M. Uhlenbrock²¹, F. Ukegawa¹⁶⁰, G. Unal³⁰, A. Undrus²⁵, G. Unel¹⁶³, F.C. Ungaro⁴⁸,Y. Unno⁶⁶, C. Unverdorben¹⁰⁰, J. Urban^144b, P. Urquijo⁸⁸, P. Urrejola⁸³, G. Usai⁸, A. Usanova⁶², L. Vacavant⁸⁵, V. Vacek¹²⁸, B. Vachon⁸⁷, C. Valderanis⁸³, N. Valencic¹⁰⁷, S. Valentini^20a,20b, A. Valero¹⁶⁷, L. Valery¹², S. Valkar¹²⁹, E. Valladolid Gallego¹⁶⁷, S. Vallecorsa⁴⁹, J.A. Valls Ferrer¹⁶⁷, W. Van Den Wollenberg¹⁰⁷, P.C. Van Der Deijl¹⁰⁷, R. van der Geer¹⁰⁷, H. van der Graaf¹⁰⁷, R. Van Der Leeuw¹⁰⁷, N. van Eldik¹⁵², P. van Gemmeren⁶, J. Van Nieuwkoop¹⁴², I. van Vulpen¹⁰⁷, M.C. van Woerden³⁰, M. Vanadia^132a,132b, W. Vandelli³⁰, R. Vanguri¹²², A. Vaniachine⁶, F. Vannucci⁸⁰, G. Vardanyan¹⁷⁷, R. Vari^132a, E.W. Varnes⁷, T. Varol⁴⁰, D. Varouchas⁸⁰, A. Vartapetian⁸, K.E. Varvell¹⁵⁰, F. Vazeille³⁴, T. Vazquez Schroeder⁸⁷, J. Veatch⁷, L.M. Veloce¹⁵⁸, F. Veloso^126a,126c, T. Velz²¹, S. Veneziano^132a, A. Ventura^73a,73b, D. Ventura⁸⁶, M. Venturi¹⁶⁹, N. Venturi¹⁵⁸, A. Venturini²³, V. Vercesi^121a, M. Verducci^132a,132b, W. Verkerke¹⁰⁷, J.C. Vermeulen¹⁰⁷, A. Vest⁴⁴, M.C. Vetterli^142,d, O. Viazlo⁸¹, I. Vichou¹⁶⁵, T. Vickey¹³⁹, O.E. Vickey Boeriu¹³⁹, G.H.A. Viehhauser¹²⁰, S. Viel¹⁵, R. Vigne³⁰, M. Villa^20a,20b, M. Villaplana Perez^91a,91b, E. Vilucchi⁴⁷, M.G. Vinciter²⁹, V.B. Vinogradov⁶⁵, I. Vivarelli¹⁴⁹, F. Vives Vaque³, S. Vlachos¹⁰, D. Vladoiu¹⁰⁰, M. Vlasak¹²⁸, M. Vogel^32a, P. Vokac¹²⁸, G. Volpi^124a,124b, M. Volpi⁸⁸, H. von der Schmitt¹⁰¹, H. von Radziewski⁴⁸, E. von Toerne²¹, V. Vorobel¹²⁹, K. Vorobev⁹⁸, M. Vos¹⁶⁷, R. Voss³⁰, J.H. Vosseveld⁷⁴, N. Vranjes¹³, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic¹³, V. Vrba¹²⁷, M. Vreeswijk¹⁰⁷, R. Vuillermet³⁰, I. Vukotic³¹, Z. Vykydal¹²⁸, P. Wagner²¹, W. Wagner¹⁷⁵, H. Wahlberg⁷¹, S. Wahrmund⁴⁴, J. Wakabayashi¹⁰³, J. Walder⁷², R. Walker¹⁰⁰, W. Walkowiak¹⁴¹, C. Wang^33c, F. Wang¹⁷³, H. Wang¹⁵, H. Wang⁴⁰, J. Wang⁴², J. Wang^33a, K. Wang⁸⁷, R. Wang⁶, S.M. Wang¹⁵¹, T. Wang²¹, X. Wang¹⁷⁶, C. Wanotayaroj¹¹⁶, A. Warburton⁸⁷, C.P. Ward²⁸, D.R. Wardrope⁷⁸, M. Warsinsky⁴⁸, A. Washbrook⁴⁶, C. Wasicki⁴², P.M. Watkins¹⁸, A.T. Watson¹⁸, I.J. Watson¹⁵⁰, M.F. Watson¹⁸, G. Watts¹³⁸, S. Watts⁸⁴, B.M. Waugh⁷⁸, S. Webb⁸⁴, M.S. Weber¹⁷, S.W. Weber¹⁷⁴, J.S. Webster³¹, A.R. Weidberg¹²⁰, B. Weinert⁶¹, J. Weingarten⁵⁴, C. Weiser⁴⁸, H. Weits¹⁰⁷, P.S. Wells³⁰, T. Wenaus²⁵, T. Wengler³⁰, S. Wenig³⁰, N. Wermes²¹, M. Werner⁴⁸, P. Werner³⁰, M. Wessels^58a, J. Wetter¹⁶¹, K. Whalen²⁹, A.M. Wharton⁷², A. White⁸, M.J. White¹, R. White^32b, S. White^124a,124b, D. Whiteson¹⁶³, F.J. Wickens¹³¹, W. Wiedenmann¹⁷³, M. Wielers¹³¹, P. Wienemann²¹, C. Wiglesworth³⁶, L.A.M. Wiik-Fuchs²¹, A. Wildauer¹⁰¹, H.G. Wilkens³⁰, H.H. Williams¹²², S. Williams¹⁰⁷, C. Willis⁹⁰, S. Willocq⁸⁶, A. Wilson⁸⁹, J.A. Wilson¹⁸, I. Wingerter-Seez⁵, F. Winklmeier¹¹⁶, B.T. Winter²¹, M. Wittgen¹⁴³, J. Wittkowski¹⁰⁰, S.J. Wollstadt⁸³, M.W. Wolter³⁹, H. Wolters^126a,126c, B.K. Wosiek³⁹, J. Wotschack³⁰, M.J. Woudstra⁸⁴, K.W. Wozniak³⁹, M. Wu⁵⁵, M. Wu³¹, S.L. Wu¹⁷³, X. Wu⁴⁹, Y. Wu⁸⁹, T.R. Wyatt⁸⁴, B.M. Wynne⁴⁶, S. Xella³⁶, D. Xu^33a, L. Xu^33b,aj, B. Yabsley¹⁵⁰, S. Yacoob^145b,ak, R. Yakabe⁶⁷, M. Yamada⁶⁶, Y. Yamaguchi¹¹⁸, A. Yamamoto⁶⁶, S. Yamamoto¹⁵⁵, T. Yamanaka¹⁵⁵, K. Yamauchi¹⁰³, Y. Yamazaki⁶⁷, Z. Yan²², H. Yang^33e, H. Yang¹⁷³, Y. Yang¹⁵¹, L. Yao^33a, W-M. Yao¹⁵, Y. Yasu⁶⁶, E. Yatsenko⁵, K.H. Yau Wong²¹, J. Ye⁴⁰, S. Ye²⁵, I. Yeletsikh⁶⁵, A.L. Yen⁵⁷, E. Yildirim⁴², K. Yorita¹⁷¹, R. Yoshida⁶, K. Yoshihara¹²², C. Young¹⁴³, C.J.S. Young³⁰, S. Youssef²², D.R. Yu¹⁵, J. Yu⁸, J.M. Yu⁸⁹, J. Yu¹¹⁴, L. Yuan⁶⁷, A. Yurkewicz¹⁰⁸, I. Yusuf^28,al, B. Zabinski³⁹, R. Zaidan⁶³, A.M. Zaitsev^130,aa, J. Zaliekas¹⁴, A. Zaman¹⁴⁸, S. Zambito⁵⁷, L. Zanello^132a,132b, D. Zanzi⁸⁸, C. Zeitnitz¹⁷⁵, M. Zeman¹²⁸, A. Zemla^38a, K. Zengel²³, O. Zenin¹³⁰, T. Ženiš^144a, D. Zerwas¹¹⁷, D. Zhang⁸⁹, F. Zhang¹⁷³, J. Zhang⁶, L. Zhang⁴⁸, R. Zhang^33b, X. Zhang^33d, Z. Zhang¹¹⁷, X. Zhao⁴⁰, Y. Zhao^33d,117, Z. Zhao^33b, A. Zhemchugov⁶⁵, J. Zhong¹²⁰, B. Zhou⁸⁹, C. Zhou⁴⁵, L. Zhou³⁵, L. Zhou⁴⁰, N. Zhou¹⁶³, C.G. Zhu^33d, H. Zhu^33a, J. Zhu⁸⁹, Y. Zhu^33b, X. Zhuang^33a, K. Zhukov⁹⁶, A. Zibell¹⁷⁴, D. Zieminska⁶¹, N.I. Zimine⁶⁵, C. Zimmermann⁸³, S. Zimmermann⁴⁸, Z. Zinonos⁵⁴, M. Zinser⁸³, M. Ziolkowski¹⁴¹, L. Živković¹³, G. Zobernig¹⁷³, A. Zoccoli^20a,20b, M. zur Nedden¹⁶, G. Zurzolo^104a,104b, L. Zwalinski³⁰.

¹ Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

² Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany NY, United States of America

³ Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada^{4 (a)} Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara; ^(c) Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul;

^(d) Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey

⁵ LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France

⁶ High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, United States of America

⁷ Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, United States of America

⁸ Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX, United States of America

⁹ Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

¹⁰ Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece

¹¹ Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan

¹² Institut de Física d'Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

¹³ Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

¹⁴ Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

¹⁵ Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley CA, United States of America

¹⁶ Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany

¹⁷ Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

¹⁸ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

^{19 (a)} Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul; ^(b) Department of Physics, Dogus University, Istanbul; ^(c) Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey

^{20 (a)} INFN Sezione di Bologna; ^(b) Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

²¹ Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

²² Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA, United States of America

²³ Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham MA, United States of America

^{24 (a)} Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro; ^(b) Electrical Circuits Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora; ^(c) Federal University of Sao Joao del Rei (UFSJ), Sao Joao del Rei; ^(d) Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

²⁵ Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY, United States of America

^{26 (a)} National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest; ^(b) National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj Napoca; ^(c) University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest; ^(d) West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania

²⁷ Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

²⁸ Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

²⁹ Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada

³⁰ CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

³¹ Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, United States of America

^{32 (a)} Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago; ^(b) Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile

^{33 (a)} Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; ^(b) Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui; ^(c) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Jiangsu; ^(d) School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong; ^(e) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physicsand Cosmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; ^(f) Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

³⁴ Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France

³⁵ Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington NY, United States of America

³⁶ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark

^{37 (a)} INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati; ^(b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy

^{38 (a)} AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow; ^(b) Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

³⁹ Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland

⁴⁰ Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX, United States of America

⁴¹ Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, United States of America

⁴² DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany

⁴³ Institut für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

⁴⁴ Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

⁴⁵ Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC, United States of America

⁴⁶ SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

⁴⁷ INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy

⁴⁸ Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany

⁴⁹ Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland

^{50 (a)} INFN Sezione di Genova; ^(b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy

^{51 (a)} E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi;

^(b) High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

⁵² II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany

⁵³ SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

⁵⁴ II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany

⁵⁵ Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France

⁵⁶ Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton VA, United States of America

⁵⁷ Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, United States of America

^{58 (a)} Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; ^(b) Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; ^(c) ZITI Institut für technische Informatik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

⁵⁹ Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan

^{60 (a)} Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong;

^(b) Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; ^(c) Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

⁶¹ Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, United States of America

⁶² Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria

⁶³ University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, United States of America

⁶⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA, United States of America---

⁶⁵ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia

⁶⁶ KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan

⁶⁷ Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

⁶⁸ Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

⁶⁹ Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan

⁷⁰ Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

⁷¹ Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina

⁷² Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

^{73 (a)} INFN Sezione di Lecce; ^(b) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy

⁷⁴ Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

⁷⁵ Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

⁷⁶ School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

⁷⁷ Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom

⁷⁸ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom

⁷⁹ Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA, United States of America

⁸⁰ Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France

⁸¹ Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden

⁸² Departamento de Física Teórica C-15, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

⁸³ Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

⁸⁴ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

⁸⁵ CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France

⁸⁶ Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, United States of America

⁸⁷ Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada

⁸⁸ School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

⁸⁹ Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, United States of America

⁹⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, United States of America

^{91 (a)} INFN Sezione di Milano; ^(b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy

⁹² B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

⁹³ National Scientific and Educational Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

⁹⁴ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, United States of America

⁹⁵ Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC, Canada

⁹⁶ P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

⁹⁷ Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia

⁹⁸ National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

⁹⁹ D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

¹⁰⁰ Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany

¹⁰¹ Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany

¹⁰² Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan¹⁰³ Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

¹⁰⁴ (a) INFN Sezione di Napoli; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

¹⁰⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, United States of America

¹⁰⁶ Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands

¹⁰⁷ Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

¹⁰⁸ Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL, United States of America

¹⁰⁹ Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

¹¹⁰ Department of Physics, New York University, New York NY, United States of America

¹¹¹ Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States of America

¹¹² Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

¹¹³ Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK, United States of America

¹¹⁴ Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK, United States of America

¹¹⁵ Palacký University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic

¹¹⁶ Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene OR, United States of America

¹¹⁷ LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France

¹¹⁸ Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

¹¹⁹ Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

¹²⁰ Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

¹²¹ (a) INFN Sezione di Pavia; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

¹²² Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America

¹²³ National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

¹²⁴ (a) INFN Sezione di Pisa; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

¹²⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America

¹²⁶ (a) Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas - LIP, Lisboa; (b) Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; (c) Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra; (d) Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; (e) Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga; (f) Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos and CAFPE, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain); (g) Dep Física and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal

¹²⁷ Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic

¹²⁸ Czech Technical University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic

¹²⁹ Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic

¹³⁰ State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia

¹³¹ Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom

¹³² (a) INFN Sezione di Roma; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy

¹³³ (a) INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy

¹³⁴ (a) INFN Sezione di Roma Tre; (b) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma