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README.md
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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+
library_name: pytorch
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+
pipeline_tag: object-detection
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+
tags:
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- object-detection
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+
- instance-segmentation
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+
- real-time
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+
- detection-transformer
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+
- d-fine
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+
- tensorrt
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+
- onnx
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+
- openvino
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- coreml
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+
datasets:
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- visdrone
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- taco
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- coco
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language:
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- en
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+
model-index:
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- name: D-FINE-seg S (TACO, instance segmentation)
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results:
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- task:
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type: instance-segmentation
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name: Instance Segmentation
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dataset:
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name: TACO
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type: taco
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metrics:
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- type: f1
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value: 0.281
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name: F1@IoU=0.5
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- type: latency
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value: 3.7
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name: Latency (ms, RTX 5070 Ti, TRT FP16, 640x640)
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- name: D-FINE S (VisDrone, object detection)
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results:
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- task:
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type: object-detection
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name: Object Detection
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dataset:
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name: VisDrone
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type: visdrone
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metrics:
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- type: f1
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value: 0.584
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name: F1@IoU=0.5
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- type: latency
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value: 2.1
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name: Latency (ms, RTX 5070 Ti, TRT FP16, 640x640)
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---
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+
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+
# D-FINE-seg
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+
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+
**Real-Time Object Detection and Instance Segmentation.**
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+
A DETR-style detector ([D-FINE](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13842)) extended with a lightweight
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+
mask head, segmentation-aware training, and mask-aware Hungarian matching. Outperforms
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Ultralytics YOLO26 in fine-tuning F1-score on TACO and VisDrone under a unified TensorRT FP16
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end-to-end benchmarking protocol, while maintaining competitive latency.
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+
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- π **Paper:** [arXiv:2602.23043](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23043)
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- π» **Code:** [github.com/ArgoHA/D-FINE-seg](https://github.com/ArgoHA/D-FINE-seg)
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- π¬ **Video tutorial:** [YouTube](https://youtu.be/_uEyRRw4miY)
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+
- π§ͺ **Colab:** [Open in Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ZV12qnUQMpC0g3j-0G-tYhmmdM98a41X?usp=sharing)
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+
- πͺͺ **License:** Apache 2.0
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+
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+
<p align="center">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ArgoHA/D-FINE-seg/main/assets/det_benchmark.png" width="48%">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ArgoHA/D-FINE-seg/main/assets/seg_benchmark.png" width="48%">
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</p>
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+
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+
## Model description
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+
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D-FINE-seg adds an instance segmentation head to D-FINE without changing its detection core.
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The mask head fuses HybridEncoder PAN features at strides 8/16/32 to 1/4 resolution; per-query
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mask embeddings (3-layer MLP) are dot-producted with shared mask features to produce per-instance
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masks. Training adds box-cropped BCE + Dice mask losses, mask-aware contrastive denoising,
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and mask costs in the Hungarian matcher.
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This is **not** a fork of D-FINE. The detection core is based on the
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[original D-FINE paper](https://github.com/Peterande/D-FINE); everything else
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(segmentation head, training pipeline, export, inference, augmentations) was reimplemented
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from scratch. The mask head design follows the [Mask DINO](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.02777) paradigm.
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## Available checkpoints
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All weights are PyTorch `.pt` files. Filename pattern: `dfine[_seg]_<size>_<dataset>.pt`.
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### Object detection (COCO-pretrained)
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| File | Size (M params) | Notes |
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|---|---|---|
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| `dfine_n_coco.pt` | 3.8 | Nano |
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| `dfine_s_coco.pt` | 10.3 | Small |
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| `dfine_m_coco.pt` | 19.6 | Medium |
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| `dfine_l_coco.pt` | 31.2 | Large |
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| `dfine_x_coco.pt` | 62.6 | Extra-Large |
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### Object detection (Objects365 β COCO)
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`dfine_{s,m,l,x}_obj2coco.pt` β same architectures, pretrained on Objects365, then fine-tuned
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on COCO. Generally a stronger init for downstream fine-tuning.
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### Instance segmentation (COCO-pretrained)
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| File | Size (M params) | Notes |
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|---|---|---|
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| `dfine_seg_n_coco.pt` | 5.1 | Nano |
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| `dfine_seg_s_coco.pt` | 11.9 | Small |
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| `dfine_seg_m_coco.pt` | 21.2 | Medium |
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| `dfine_seg_l_coco.pt` | 32.8 | Large |
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| `dfine_seg_x_coco.pt` | 64.3 | Extra-Large |
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## Usage
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> **Note on `transformers` integration.** This model is not (yet) wrapped as a
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> `transformers.AutoModel`. The recommended path is to use the official
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> [training/inference repo](https://github.com/ArgoHA/D-FINE-seg) β weights auto-download
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> from this Hub repo on first use. For an `AutoModel`-style API on a closely related
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> architecture, see [`RTDetrV2ForObjectDetection`](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/rt_detr_v2).
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### Option 1 β Official repo (recommended)
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/ArgoHA/D-FINE-seg.git
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cd D-FINE-seg
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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Weights are auto-downloaded from this repo into `pretrained/` on first use. No manual setup
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needed; just point at the size and dataset you want:
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```python
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from src.infer.torch_model import Torch_model
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import cv2
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model = Torch_model(
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model_name="s", # n / s / m / l / x
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model_path="pretrained/dfine_seg_s_coco.pt",
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n_outputs=80, # COCO classes
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input_width=640,
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input_height=640,
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conf_thresh=0.5,
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enable_mask_head=True, # False for detection checkpoints
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device="cuda", # cuda / mps / cpu
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)
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img = cv2.imread("path/to/image.jpg") # BGR
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results = model(img) # [{"boxes", "scores", "labels", "masks"?}]
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```
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### Option 2 β Direct download with `huggingface_hub`
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```python
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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ckpt = hf_hub_download(
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repo_id="ArgoSA/D-FINE-seg",
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filename="dfine_seg_s_coco.pt",
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)
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# Then load with the official repo's Torch_model (see Option 1).
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```
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### Option 3 β Gradio demo
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```bash
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python -m demo.demo
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```
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## Training data
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| Use case | Datasets used |
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|---|---|
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| COCO detection / segmentation pretraining | [COCO 2017](https://cocodataset.org/) |
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+
| Objects365 β COCO checkpoints | [Objects365](https://www.objects365.org/) β COCO 2017 |
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+
| Reported drone benchmarks | [VisDrone](https://github.com/VisDrone/VisDrone-Dataset) (~6.5k train / ~550 val / ~1.6k test-dev) |
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| Reported waste benchmarks | [TACO](http://tacodataset.org/) (1500 images, 59 effective classes, 86/14 batch-ID split) |
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## Benchmarks
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End-to-end latency (preprocessing + forward + postprocessing), RTX 5070 Ti, TensorRT FP16,
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640Γ640, batch size 1. F1-score at IoU 0.5.
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### VisDrone β object detection (test-dev)
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| Model | F1 | IoU | Latency (ms) |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| **D-FINE N** | **0.531** | 0.288 | 1.6 |
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| YOLO26 N | 0.455 | 0.226 | 2.8 |
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| **D-FINE S** | **0.584** | 0.332 | 2.1 |
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| YOLO26 S | 0.510 | 0.264 | 3.1 |
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| **D-FINE M** | **0.605** | 0.351 | 2.7 |
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| YOLO26 M | 0.562 | 0.301 | 3.6 |
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| **D-FINE L** | **0.606** | 0.351 | 3.3 |
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| YOLO26 L | 0.568 | 0.308 | 4.1 |
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| **D-FINE X** | **0.611** | 0.354 | 4.5 |
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| YOLO26 X | 0.584 | 0.319 | 5.3 |
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### TACO β instance segmentation
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| Model | F1 | IoU | Latency (ms) |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| **D-FINE-seg N** | **0.231** | 0.106 | 3.2 |
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| YOLO26-seg N | 0.062 | 0.027 | 3.8 |
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| **D-FINE-seg S** | **0.281** | 0.134 | 3.7 |
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| YOLO26-seg S | 0.177 | 0.080 | 4.3 |
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| **D-FINE-seg M** | **0.296** | 0.140 | 4.5 |
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| YOLO26-seg M | 0.267 | 0.128 | 5.3 |
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| **D-FINE-seg L** | **0.342** | 0.167 | 5.0 |
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| YOLO26-seg L | 0.287 | 0.137 | 5.8 |
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| **D-FINE-seg X** | **0.380** | 0.190 | 6.3 |
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| YOLO26-seg X | 0.300 | 0.146 | 7.6 |
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See the [GitHub README](https://github.com/ArgoHA/D-FINE-seg#benchmarks) for full TACO detection
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results, COCO-style mask/box AP, and cross-format (Torch/TRT/OpenVINO/CoreML) comparisons on
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desktop, edge (Intel N150), and Apple Silicon.
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## Intended use and limitations
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**Intended use.** General-purpose object detection and instance segmentation, particularly
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when (a) low end-to-end latency matters and (b) the deployment target is GPU (TensorRT),
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CPU/iGPU (OpenVINO), or Apple Silicon (CoreML).
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**Out of scope.**
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- Safety-critical perception (autonomous driving, medical) without independent validation.
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- Strong domain shift away from the pretraining distribution. The COCO-pretrained checkpoints
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are an init; expect to fine-tune on your own data for non-COCO classes.
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- Real-time deployment without first re-exporting the TensorRT engine on the target GPU
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(TRT engines are GPU-specific).
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**Known limitations.**
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- Mosaic augmentation is not recommended for the segmentation task; lower
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`mosaic_augs.mosaic_prob` toward 0 if masks look wrong.
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- INT8 quantization shows a noticeable F1 drop on segmentation; FP16 is the recommended
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latency/accuracy trade-off for both GPU and CPU.
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{saakyan2026dfineseg,
|
| 242 |
+
title = {D-FINE-seg: Object Detection and Instance Segmentation Framework with Multi-Backend Deployment},
|
| 243 |
+
author = {Saakyan, Argo and Solntsev, Dmitry},
|
| 244 |
+
journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.23043},
|
| 245 |
+
year = {2026},
|
| 246 |
+
eprint = {2602.23043}
|
| 247 |
+
}
|
| 248 |
+
|
| 249 |
+
@misc{peng2024dfine,
|
| 250 |
+
title = {D-FINE: Redefine Regression Task in DETRs as Fine-grained Distribution Refinement},
|
| 251 |
+
author = {Yansong Peng and Hebei Li and Peixi Wu and Yueyi Zhang and Xiaoyan Sun and Feng Wu},
|
| 252 |
+
year = {2024},
|
| 253 |
+
eprint = {2410.13842},
|
| 254 |
+
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
|
| 255 |
+
primaryClass = {cs.CV}
|
| 256 |
+
}
|
| 257 |
+
```
|
| 258 |
+
|
| 259 |
+
## Acknowledgements
|
| 260 |
+
|
| 261 |
+
Detection core based on [D-FINE](https://github.com/Peterande/D-FINE) (Peng et al., 2024).
|
| 262 |
+
Mask head design follows [Mask DINO](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.02777). Benchmarks use
|
| 263 |
+
[VisDrone](https://github.com/VisDrone/VisDrone-Dataset) and [TACO](http://tacodataset.org/).
|