Question:
Passage: Airport administrator: According to the latest figures, less than 1 commercial flight in 2 million strays off course while landing,a number low enough to allow runways to be built closer together without a significant increase in risk. Opponents of closer runways claim that the number is closer to 1 in 20,000, but this figure is based on a partial review of air traffic control tapes and so is relatively unreliable compared to the other figure, which is based on a thorough study of the flight reports required of pilots for all commercial flights.
Q: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the airport administrator's argument?
Choices:
A.) The argument overlooks the fact that those who make mistakes are often unreliable sources of information about those mistakes.
B.) The argument questions the integrity of those who are opposed to allowing runways to be built closer together.
C.) The argument infers from a lack of conclusive evidence supporting the higher number's accuracy that it must be inaccurate.
D.) The argument presumes, without providing justification, that the air traffic control tapes studied do not provide accurate information concerning specific flights.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: In deep temperate lakes, water temperatures vary according to depth. In winter, the coldest water is at the top; in summer, at the bottom. The changes in temperature distribution,or "turnover," occur in fall and late winter- Lake trout will be found, as a rule, in the coldest water. So, if anglers seek lake trout in deep temperate lakes while these lakes are partially iced over in late winter, they will do best to eschew the lake trout's summer haunts and fish instead in a shallow bay or close to the surface off a rocky point.
Q: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
Choices:
A.) In deep temperate lakes that have ice residues on the surface, late-winter "turnover" has not yet occurred.
B.) Lake trout do not alter their feeding habits from one part of the year to another.
C.) Cold water is denser, and therefore heavier,than relatively warmer water.
D.) The ease with which lake trout can be caught by anglers varies with the time of year and the water temperature.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Liang: Watching movies in which violence is portrayed as an appropriate way to resolve problems increases levels of aggression in viewers. Therefore, children's access to these movies should be restricted. Sarah: Watching a drama whose characters are violent allows the audience to vicariously experience the emotions associated with aggression and thus be purged of them. Hence, the access by mature audiences to such forms of entertainment should not be restricted.
Q: The dialogue provides the most support for inferring that Liang and Sarah agree with each other that
Choices:
A.) the members of a mature audience are unlikely to believe that violence is sometimes an appropriate way to resolve problems
B.) the effects of dramatic depictions of violenceon audiences are at least partially understood
C.) people who experience an emotion vicariously are likely to purge themselves of that emotion
D.) children are more likely than adults to be attracted to dramas involving characters who behave violently
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Politician: Of the candidates running, Thompson is the best person to lead this nation. For one thing, Thompson opposes higher taxes whereas the other candidates support them. Many would agree that anyone who opposes higher taxes will make a better leader than someone who supports them.
Q: Which one of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the politician's argument?
Choices:
A.) Opposing higher taxes is not a factor contributing to good leadership.
B.) Being opposed to higher taxes is not a sufficient condition for good leadership.
C.) All of the past leaders who supported highertaxes performed their jobs adequately.
D.) Thompson has questionable opinions concerning important issues other than taxes.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Patterson: Bone flutes dating to the Upper Paleolithic are the earliest evidence for music. Thus it is likely that music first arose during this period. Garza: But the Upper Paleolithic is exceptional for the intensive use of bone, which typically survives well in archaeological contexts, unlike other materials commonly used for musical instruments, such as wood.
Q: Garza responds to Patterson by doing which one of the following?
Choices:
A.) using Patterson's evidence to draw a conclusionin consistent with the conclusion drawn in Patterson's argument
B.) arguing that the body of evidence to which Patterson appeals is insufficient for Patterson's purposes
C.) presenting a counterexample to the general conclusion drawn in Patterson's argument
D.) offering evidence to challenge the truth of the premise of Patterson's argument
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: No occupation should be subject to a licensing requirement unless incompetence in the performance of tasks normally carried out within that occupation poses a plausible threat to human health or safety.
Q: The principle stated above, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in which one of the following arguments?
Choices:
A.) Because hair stylists regularly use substances that can pose a threat to human health if handled improperly, hair stylists should be subject to a licensing requirement.
B.) Because tattoo artists who do not maintain strict sanitation pose a serious threat to human health, tattoo artists should be subject to a licensing requirement.
C.) Because there are no realistic circumstances in which poor work by an interior designer poses a danger to human beings, interior designers should not be subject to a licensing requirement.
D.) Because some of the duties that police officer scarry out have no connection to human health or safety, police officers should not be subject to a licensing requirement.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Most of the new cars that Regis Motors sold last year were purchased by residents of Blomenville. Regis Motors sold more new cars last year than it did in any previous year. Still, most new cars purchased by Blomenville residents last year were not purchased from Regis Motors.
Q: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?
Choices:
A.) A car retailer other than Regis Motors sold the most new cars to residents of Blomenville last year,
B.) The number of new cars purchased last year by residents of Blomenville is greater than the number of new cars sold by Regis Motors.
C.) The total number of new cars purchased by residents of Blomenville was greater last year than it was in any previous year.
D.) Regis Motors' share of the new car market in Blomenville last year increased over its share the year before.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Editorial: Teenagers tend to wake up around 8:00 A.M., the time when they stop releasing melatonin, and are sleepy if made to wake up earlier. Since sleepiness can impair driving ability, car accidents involving teenagers driving to school could be reduced if the school day began later than 8:00 A.M. Indeed, when the schedule for Granville's high school was changed so that school began at 8:30 A.M. rather than earlier, the overall number of car accidents involving teenage drivers in Granville declined.
Q: Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument in the editorial?
Choices:
A.) Many of the car accidents involving teenage drivers in Granville occurred in the evening rather than in the morning.
B.) Car accidents involving teenage drivers rose in the region surrounding Granville during the time they declined in Granville.
C.) Teenagers who work at jobs during the day spend more time driving than do teenagers who attend high school during the day.
D.) Sleepy teenagers are tardy for school morefrequently than teenagers who are well rested when the school day begins.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Lucinda will soon be attending National University as an engineering major. At National University, most residents of Western Hall are engineering majors. Therefore, Lucinda will probably live in Western Hall.
Q: Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?
Choices:
A.) Most cities that are regional economic hub scontain major shopping malls. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.
B.) A major shopping mall was built in our city ten years ago, and our city has experienced tremendous economic growth since then. Therefore, most cities in which major shopping malls are built will experience tremendous economic growth shortly afterward.
C.) A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Most cities with major shopping malls are regional economic hubs. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.
D.) Cities that are regional economic hubs generally experience tremendous economic growth at some point. Our city is a regional economic hub that has never experienced tremendous economic growth. Thus it will probably experience tremendous economic growth in the future.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries.
Q: Which one of the following is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires?
Choices:
A.) It is the density of the water in the ocean depths that plays the main role in the trapping of the carbon dioxide.
B.) Evaporation of warmer ocean water near an ocean's surface does not generally release into the atmosphere large amounts of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the evaporating water.
C.) Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense waterin ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface.
D.) Carbon dioxide will dissolve much more thoroughly if it is pumped into cold water than it will if it is pumped into warmer water.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Community organizer: Before last year's community cleanup, only 77 of the local residents signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 85 residents have signed up to participate. Since our community cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confident that this year's cleanup will be a success.
Q: The reasoning in the community organizer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
Choices:
A.) overlooks the possibility that the cleanup will attract participants who are not residents in the community
B.) confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for that outcome
C.) defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will be considered a positive outcome
D.) generalizes about the outcome of an event based on a single observation of a similar situation
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Bell: Commentators in the media are wrong to criticize the policies Klein implemented. Although her policies are unpopular, they avoided an impending catastrophe. Klein is just the person we need making important decisions in the future. Soltan: Klein's policies have been effective, but politics matters. In the future, important decisions will need to be made, and she will not have the political support to make them. So she should step down.
Q: Bell and Soltan disagree with each other about which one of the following?
Choices:
A.) There are important decisions to be made in the future.
B.) Klein's policies are unpopular.
C.) Klein should step down.
D.) Klein's policies were implemented in the face of an impending catastrophe.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Psychologist: In our study, participants who were offered the opportunity to purchase a coffee mug were not willing to pay more than $5. If, however, they were given a very similar mug and asked immediately afterwards how much they would be willing to sell it for, most of them held out for more than $5.
Q: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy described above?
Choices:
A.) People tend to value an object that they do no town less than they value a very similar object that they already own.
B.) People are usually unable to judge the value of an object when they have possessed it for a long period of time.
C.) A person's assessment of the value of an object depends on his or her evaluation of the inherent properties of the object.
D.) People are more likely to undervalue objects they have been given than objects they have purchased.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Ecologist: Before finding a mate, male starlings decorate their nests with fragments of aromatic plants rich in compounds known to kill parasitic insects. Since these parasites are potentially harmful to nestlings, some researchers have hypothesized that the function of these decorations is nestling protection. However, males cease to incorporate such greenery once egg laying starts, which suggests instead that the function of the decorations is to attract females.
Q: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the support for the ecologist's conclusion?
Choices:
A.) Male starlings tend to decorate their nests with a greater number of aromatic plants when a caged female is positioned adjacent to the nest.
B.) The compounds in the aromatic plants used by the male starlings to decorate their nests are harmless to nestlings.
C.) Adult starlings are able to defend themselves against parasitic insects.
D.) Male starlings do not decorate their nests in areas with unusually small populations of parasitic insects.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: A commission has been formed to report on the nation's preparedness for a major natural disaster. The commission's report will not be effective unless the commission speaks with a unified voice. Since members of the commission have repeatedly expressed their own opinions about disaster preparedness in the news media well in advance of completion of the report, it will not be effective.
Q: The conclusion of the argument follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
Choices:
A.) The commission will be able to speak with a uniform voice only if individual members' opinions about disaster preparedness are not made public before the report is completed.
B.) If commission members had not expressed their opinions about disaster preparedness in the news media before the report was completed, there would have been much public speculation about what those views were.
C.) The commission's report will not be effective if some of the commission members already had opinions about the nation's disaster preparedness even before the commission was formed.
D.) News organizations should not provide a platform for members of the commission to express their opinions about disaster preparedness if doing so will undermine the effectiveness of the commission's report.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Engineer: Wide roads free of obstructions have been shown to encourage drivers to take more risks. Likewise,a technical fix to slow or reverse global warming by blocking out a portion of the sun's rays would encourage more carbon dioxide emissions, which might cause more global wanning in the future.
Q: The engineer's argument can most reasonably be interpreted as invoking which one of the following principles?
Choices:
A.) Technical fixes are inevitably temporary.
B.) The longer a problem goes unresolved, the worse it becomes.
C.) Conditions that create a feeling of security also encourage risk taking.
D.) Problems created by humans require human-created solutions.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Although some animals exhibit a mild skin reaction to urushiol, an oil produced by plants such as poison oak and poison ivy, it appears that only humans develop painful rashes from touching it. In fact, wood rats even use branches from the poison oak plant to build their nests. Therefore, urushiol probably did not evolve in these plants as a chemical defense.
Q: Which one of the following, if true, adds the most support for the conclusion of the argument?
Choices:
A.) Poison oak and poison ivy grow particularly well in places where humans have altered natural forest ecosystems.
B.) A number of different animals use poison oakand poison ivy as food sources.
C.) In approximately 85 percent of the human population, very small amounts of urushiol can cause a rash.
D.) Wood rats build their nests using dead, brittle branches, not live ones.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Politician: Some cities have reversed the decay of aging urban areas by providing tax incentives and zoning variances that encourage renovation and revitalization in selected areas. But such legislation should not be commended. Its principal beneficiaries have turned out to be well-to-do professionals who could afford the cost of restoring deteriorating buildings; the long-term residents these programs were intended to help now face displacement due to increased rent and taxes.
Q: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the politician's criticism?
Choices:
A.) Legislation that is not to anyone's benefit should not be commended.
B.) A community' s tax laws and zoning regulations should apply equally to all individuals within selected areas.
C.) Laws that give advantage to the well-to-do can also benefit society as a whole.
D.) Evaluation of legislation should take into account actual results, not intentions alone.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Pundit: It is good to have national leaders voted out of office after a few years. The reason is that reforms are generally undertaken early in a new government. If leaders do not act quickly to solve a problem and it becomes an issue later, then they must either deny that there is a problem or deny that anything could have been done about it; otherwise, they will have to admit responsibility for the persistence of the problem.
Q: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the pund it's argument?
Choices:
A.) If national leaders who fail to solve problems are voted out of office after a few years, new leaders will be more motivated to solve problems.
B.) National leaders who stay in power too long tend to deny responsibility for problems that they could have dealt with earlier.
C.) National leaders who immediately respond to problems upon taking office should be given enough time to succeed at solving them.
D.) National leaders should be removed from office every few years by the voting in of new leaders.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Farmer: Agricultural techniques such as crop rotation that do not use commercial products may solve agricultural problems at least as well as any technique, such as pesticide application, that does use such products. Nonetheless, no private for-profit corporation will sponsor research that is unlikely to lead to marketable products. Thus, for the most part, only government-sponsored research investigates agricultural techniques that do not use commercial products.
Q: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the farmer's argument?
Choices:
A.) Most if not all investigations of agricultural techniques that use commercial products are sponsored by private for-profit corporations.
B.) Most if not all government-sponsored agricultural research investigates agricultural techniques that do not use commercial products.
C.) Investigations of agricultural techniques are rarely sponsored by individuals or by any entity other than private for-profit corporations or the government.
D.) The government sponsors at least some investigations of agricultural techniques that are considered likely to solve agricultural problems and do not use commercial products.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: University spokesperson: Most of the students surveyed at the university said they would prefer that the current food vendor be replaced with a different food vendor next year. Several vendors have publicly expressed interest in working for the university. For a variety of reasons, however, the only alternative to the current vendor is Hall Dining Services, which served as the university's food vendor up until this past year. Since, other things being equal, the preferences of the majority of students should be adhered to, we should rehire Hall Dining next year.
Q: The spokesperson's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
Choices:
A.) overlooks the possibility that the students surveyed were unaware that only Hall Dining Services could be hired if the current vendor were not hired
B.) overlooks the possibility that student preferenceis not the only factor to be considered when it comes to deciding which food vendor the university should hire
C.) overlooks the possibility that there is disagreement among students concerning the issue of food vendors
D.) argues that a certain action ought to be undertaken merely on the grounds that it would be popular
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: On average, cats fed canned cat food eat fewer ounces of food per day than do cats fed dry cat food; the canned food contains more calories per ounce than does the dry food. Nonetheless, feeding a cat canned cat food typically costs more per day than does feeding it dry cat food.
Q: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?
Choices:
A.) Canned cat food typically costs more per ounce than does dry cat food.
B.) On average, cats fed canned cat food eat more calories per day than do cats fed dry cat food.
C.) How much it costs to feed a cat a given kind of food depends only on how many calories per ounce that food contains.
D.) Typically, cats are fed either canned cat food or dry cat food, or both.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: The Frauenkirche in Dresden, a historic church destroyed by bombing in World War II, has been reconstructed to serve as a place for church services and cultural events. The foundation doing the reconstruction took extraordinary care to return the church to its original form. It is a puzzle, then, why the foundation chose not to rebuild the eighteenth-century baroque organ originally designed for the church and instead built a modem organ, even though a donor had offered to pay the full cost of rebuilding the original.
Q: Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the puzzle described above?
Choices:
A.) The organ originally designed for the church had some features that modem organs lack.
B.) An eighteenth-century baroque organ cannot adequately produce much of the organ music now played in church services and concerts.
C.) By the time the church was destroyed in World War II, the eighteenth-century baroque organ had been modified several times.
D.) The donation for rebuilding the originaleighteenth-century baroque organ was designated for that purpose alone.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Principle: A government should reduce taxes on imports if doing so would financially benefit many consumers in its domestic economy. There is a notable exception, however: it should never reduce import taxes if one or more of its domestic industries would be significantly harmed by the added competition. Conclusion: The government should not reduce taxes on textile imports.
Q: Which one of the following is a statement from which the conclusion can be properly drawn using the principle?
Choices:
A.) The added competition produced by any reduction of taxes on imports would significantly harm the domestic textile industry.
B.) Reducing taxes on textile imports would financially benefit some consumers in the domestic economy but would not benefit the domestic textile industry.
C.) The domestic textile industry faces significant competition in many of its export markets.
D.) Reducing taxes on textile imports would notf inancially benefit many consumers in the domestic economy.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Global wanning has contributed to a rise in global sea level not only because it causes glaciers and ice sheets to melt, but also simply because when water is heated its volume increases. But this rise in global sea level is less than it otherwise would be, since over the years artificial reservoirs have been built all around the world that collectively contain a great deal of water that would otherwise reach the sea.
Q: Which one of the following can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the information above?
Choices:
A.) Little is known about the contribution of global warming to the rise in global sea level.
B.) The amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets cannot be determined by looking at the rise in global sea level alone.
C.) Rises in global sea level that occurred before the world's reservoirs were built are difficult to explain.
D.) The exact magnitude of the rise in global sea level is in dispute.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Last year, a software company held a contest to generate ideas for their new logo. According to the rules, everyone who entered the contest would receive several prizes' including a T-shirt with the company's new logo. Juan has a T-shirt with the company?s new logo, so he must have entered the contest.
Q: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
Choices:
A.) has a premise that presupposes the truth of the conclusion
B.) takes a condition that is sufficient for a particular outcome as one that is necessary for that outcome
C.) infers a causal relationship when the evidence only supports a correlation
D.) constructs a generalization on the basis of a single instance
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: When expert witnesses give testimony, jurors often do not understand the technical information and thereby are in no position to evaluate such testimony. Although expert witnesses on opposite sides often make conflicting claims, the expert witnesses on both sides frequently seem competent, leaving the jury unable to assess the reliability of their testimonies.
Q: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
Choices:
A.) Jury members should generally be selected on the basis of their technical expertise.
B.) There should be limits placed on how much technical information can be considered by both sides in preparing a legal case.
C.) Jurors who understand the technical information presented in a case can usually assess its legal implications accurately.
D.) Jury decisions in cases involving expert witness testimonies are not always determined by the reliability of those testimonies.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Tax reformer: The proposed tax reform legislation is being criticized by political groups on the right for being too specific and by political groups on the left for being too vague. Since one and the same statement cannot be both too specific and too vague, the criticisms just go to show that the legislation is framed just as it should be.
Q: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
Choices:
A.) It is rare for political groups both on the right and on the left to criticize a particular tax reform proposal.
B.) The proposed legislation is not made up of a set of statements some of which are overly specific and some of which are overly vague.
C.) Even an overly specific or vague tax reform proposal can be implemented in a way that produces beneficial results.
D.) The proposed legislation has not been criticized by any group that does not identify itself with the political right or the political left.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Employee: The company I work for has installed website filtering software that blocks access to non-work-related websites. It claims that being able to visit such sites distracts us, keeping us from doing our best work. But offices that have windows or are nicely decorated can be highly distracting too, and no one claims that people do their best work in an undecorated, windowless room.
Q: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the employee's argument?
Choices:
A.) In many creative writing classes, aspiring writers are told that if the characters they create are not engaging, their novels and stories will not sell. But this does not mean that engaging characters guarantee a sale-publishers and agents often reject manuscripts that emphasize character to the exclusion of other elements.
B.) Activists are calling for an electronic device to be banned, for research has shown that prolonged exposure to the device while it is in use causes cancer in laboratory animals. But most chemicals probably cause cancer when administered in very high doses, yet no one would argue that we should ban all these chemicals for that reason.
C.) Acme expects that approximately 1,000 of its employees will retire over the next year. No one would claim that Acme does not need a work force as large as its present one. So Acme will need to hire approximately 1,000 people over the next year.
D.) In the movie industry, a film's success is judged in terms of its profit relative to its cost. This is misguided, because under this criterion an expensive movie that sells just as many tickets as a lower-budget movie would be less successful than the lower-budget movie, which is clearly counter intuitive.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: At Tromen University this semester, some students taking French Literature 205 are also taking Biology 218. Every student taking Biology 218 at Tromen is a biology major. Therefore, some of the students taking French Literature 205 are not French-literature majors.
Q: The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed to be true at Tromen University?
Choices:
A.) French Literature 205 is a required course forFrench-literature majors.
B.) There are more biology majors than there are French-literature majors.
C.) It is not possible to major in both biology and French literature.
D.) There are more French-literature majors than there are biology majors.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Critic: To be a literary classic a book must reveal something significant about the human condition. Furthermore, nothing that is unworthy of serious study reveals anything significant about the human condition.
Q: If the critic's statements are true, which one of the following must also be true?
Choices:
A.) A book is a literary classic only if it is worthy of serious study.
B.) Some books worthy of serious study do not reveal anything significant about the human condition.
C.) Some books that reveal something significant about the human condition are not literary classics.
D.) There are no literary classics worthy of serious study.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Scientists once believed that the oversized head, long hind legs, and tiny forelimbs that characterized Tyrannosaurus rex developed in order to accommodate the great size and weight of this prehistoric predator. However, this belief must now be abandoned. The nearly complete skeleton of an earlier dinosaur has recently been discovered. This specimen had the characteristic T. rex features but was one-fifth the size and one-hundredth the weight.
Q: The answer to which one of the following questions would most help in evaluating the argument?
Choices:
A.) Was the species to which the recently discovered dinosaur belonged related to T. rex?
B.) At what stage in its life did the recently discovered dinosaur die?
C.) Did the recently discovered dinosaur prey on species as large as those that T. rex preyed on?
D.) Was T. rex the largest and heaviest prehistoric predator?
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: YXK is currently the television network with the highest overall number of viewers. Among YXK's programs, Bliss has the highest numbers of viewers. So Bliss currently has more viewers than any other program on television.
Q: The flawed reasoning exhibited by the argument above is most similar to that exhibited by which one of the following?
Choices:
A.) Teachers at our school have won more teaching awards, on average, than teachers at any other school in this city. Janna Patel is the teacher who has won the most awards in the city. So Janna Patel is the best teacher at our school.
B.) Soccer players suffer more leg injuries, on average, than any other athletes at this university. Linda Wilson has suffered more leg injuries than any other soccer player at this university. Thus, Linda Wilson is the athlete at this university who has suffered the most leg injuries.
C.) In this city the highest-paid police officer earns more than the highest-paid firefighter, and the lowest-paid police officer earns more than the lowest-paid firefighter. So in this city police officers earn more, on average, than firefighters do.
D.) Falling Fast is the film that is currently earning the most at the box office in the country. The most successful film in the country is typically the one that is showing in the most theaters. So Falling Fast is probably the film that is currently showing in the most theaters.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: A contract between two parties is valid only if one party accepts a legitimate offer from the other; an offer is not legitimate if someone in the position of the party to whom it was made would reasonably believe the offer to be made in jest.
Q: The principle stated above, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in which one of the following arguments?
Choices:
A.) Kenta accepted Gus's offer to buy a shipmentof goods, but Gus, unknown to Kenta, made the offer in jest. Thus, the contract was not valid.
B.) The only offer that Sal made to Veronica was not a legitimate one. Thus, regardless of whether Sal made the offer in jest, there is no valid contract between them.
C.) Frank's offer to buy Mindy's business from her was legitimate. Thus, if Mindy is a reasonable person, she will accept the offer.
D.) Joe made a legitimate offer to buy Sandy's car and Sandy has not rejected the offer. Thus, there was a valid contract.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: Scientist: A small group of islands near Australia is inhabited by several species of iguana; closely related species also exist in the Americas, but nowhere else. The islands in question formed long after the fragmentation of Gondwana, the ancient supercontinent that included present-day South America and Australia. Thus, these species' progenitors must have rafted on floating debris across the Pacific Ocean from the Americas.
Q: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the scientist's argument?
Choices:
A.) Genetic analysis indicates that the iguana species on the islands are different in several respects from those found in the Americas.
B.) Fossils of iguana species closely related to those that inhabit the islands have been found in Australia.
C.) Documented cases of iguanas rafting long distances between land masses are uncommon.
D.) The lineages of numerous plant and animal species found in Australia or in South America date back to a period prior to the fragmentation of Gondwana.
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D


Question:
Passage: A recent archaeological find in what was once the ancient kingdom of Macedonia contains the remains of the largest tomb ever found in the region. It must be the tomb of Alexander the Great since he was the greatest Macedonian in history, and so would have had the largest tomb. After all, he conquered an empire that stretched from Greece to much of Asia, though it collapsed after his death.
Q: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the scientist argument?
Choices:
A.) Fails to evaluate the significance of the fact that Alexander empire did not survive his death
B.) Takes for granted that greatness can be attained only by military conquest
C.) Takes for granted that archaeologists can determine the size of the tomb from its remains
D.) Takes for granted that the largest tomb found so far must be the largest that was built
Answer:

Choices:
- A
- B
- C
- D