from typing import Optional


class GCPError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, message: str, cause: Optional[Exception] = None) -> None:
        super().__init__(message)
        self.cause = cause

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        base = super().__str__()
        return f"{base} (caused by: {self.cause})" if self.cause else base


class AuthenticationError(GCPError):
    pass


class ResourceNotFoundError(GCPError):
    def __init__(self, resource_type: str, name: str) -> None:
        super().__init__(f"{resource_type} not found: {name}")
        self.resource_type = resource_type
        self.name = name


class QuotaExceededError(GCPError):
    pass


class PermissionDeniedError(GCPError):
    pass


class RetryableError(GCPError):
    def __init__(self, message: str, attempt: int, cause: Optional[Exception] = None) -> None:
        super().__init__(message, cause)
        self.attempt = attempt


class TimeoutError(GCPError):
    pass