otras afecciones de salud, como presión arterial alta o síndrome de ovario poliquístico Tiene mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes gestacional si: Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes Tuvo diabetes gestacional en un embarazo anterior Ha dado a luz a un bebé que pesó 9 libras o más (4.08 kg) Tiene síndrome de ovario poliquístico Es afrodescendiente, hispana/latina, indígena estadounidense, nativa de Alaska, nativa de Hawái o de las islas del Pacífico ¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diabetes? Los síntomas de la diabetes pueden incluir: Tener mucha sed Tener mucha hambre Orinar con más frecuencia, incluso de noche Fatiga Visión borrosa Entumecimiento u hormigueo en pies o manos Llagas que no sanan Pérdida de peso sin intentarlo Sin embargo, es importante saber que sus síntomas pueden variar, según el tipo que tenga: Los síntomas de la diabetes tipo 1 suelen aparecer rápidamente y pueden ser graves Con la diabetes tipo 2 , los síntomas suelen desarrollarse lentamente, a lo largo de varios años. Los síntomas pueden ser tan leves que es posible que ni siquiera los note A menudo, la diabetes gestacional no presenta síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, pueden ser leves. Si está embarazada, se le realizarán pruebas de detección de esta afección entre las semanas 24 y 28 del embarazo ¿Cómo se diagnostica la diabetes? Para saber si tiene diabetes, su profesional de la salud usará uno o más análisis de glucosa en sangre . Existen varios tipos, incluyendo la prueba A1C . ¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diabetes? El tratamiento para la diabetes implica controlar los niveles de glucosa en sangre: Si tiene diabetes tipo 1 , necesitará dosis diarias de insulina, ya sea por inyección o a través de una bomba especial. Algunas personas también necesitan tomar otro tipo de medicamento para la


tratamientos para la diabetes? El tratamiento para la diabetes implica controlar los niveles de glucosa en sangre: Si tiene diabetes tipo 1 , necesitará dosis diarias de insulina, ya sea por inyección o a través de una bomba especial. Algunas personas también necesitan tomar otro tipo de medicamento para la diabetes que funciona con insulina Si tiene diabetes tipo 2 , es posible que pueda controlarla o incluso revertirla haciendo cambios en su estilo de vida . Estos incluyen llevar una dieta saludable , mantener un peso saludable y hacer actividad física con regularidad . Algunas personas también necesitan tomar medicamentos para la diabetes para controlarla Si tiene diabetes gestacional , es posible que pueda bajar sus niveles de glucosa con una dieta saludable y haciendo ejercicio con regularidad. Pero asegúrese de hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre sus opciones de tratamiento. En general, la diabetes gestacional desaparece después del parto, pero tendrá un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 en el futuro Controlar sus niveles de glucosa en sangre también es una parte importante del control de su diabetes. Consulte a su profesional de la salud cuál es la mejor manera de controlar su nivel de glucosa en sangre y con qué frecuencia debe hacerlo. ¿Se puede prevenir la diabetes? La diabetes tipo 1 no se puede prevenir. Es posible retrasar o prevenir la diabetes tipo 2 con los mismos cambios en el estilo de vida necesarios para controlar la diabetes (dieta saludable, mantener un peso saludable y hacer ejercicio regularmente). Estos cambios en el estilo de vida también pueden ayudar a prevenir la diabetes gestacional . NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales


What is diabetes? If you have diabetes , your blood glucose , or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes , your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes , your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood. What is gestational diabetes? Some people already have diabetes before they get pregnant. But others may develop diabetes during pregnancy. This type of diabetes is called gestational diabetes. It usually develops around the 24th week of pregnancy. It happens when your body can't make the extra insulin it needs during pregnancy. Researchers think gestational diabetes is caused by the hormonal changes of pregnancy, along with genetic and lifestyle factors. Who is more likely to develop gestational diabetes? Anyone who is pregnant could develop gestational diabetes. But you are more likely to develop it if you: Are overweight or have obesity Have a family history of diabetes Had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more Have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Are African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander person How do I know if I have gestational diabetes? Gestational diabetes often has no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may be mild, such as being thirstier than normal or having to urinate (pee) more often. If you are pregnant, you will most likely be screened for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. But if you have an increased chance of developing gestational diabetes, you may be tested during your first prenatal visit . Your health care provider


to urinate (pee) more often. If you are pregnant, you will most likely be screened for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. But if you have an increased chance of developing gestational diabetes, you may be tested during your first prenatal visit . Your health care provider will use one or more blood glucose tests to check for gestational diabetes. You may have the glucose challenge test, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or both. For these two tests, you will drink a sugary liquid and wait for an hour before your blood sample is taken. If you have an oral glucose tolerance test, you will also get your blood drawn after 2 and 3 hours. How can diabetes affect my pregnancy? Having diabetes during pregnancy can affect your health. For example: You are more likely to develop preeclampsia , a serious medical condition that causes a sudden increase in your blood pressure. You are more likely to need a cesarean delivery , because your baby is more likely to be bigger than average. Changes to your hormones and your body during pregnancy can affect your blood glucose levels. If you had diabetes before pregnancy, you may now need to adjust your meal plan , physical activity routine, and/or medicines . If you have any diabetes health problems , they may get worse during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after you have your baby. But you will be at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later. Having diabetes during pregnancy can also affect the health of your developing baby: If you have high blood glucose levels at the beginning of your pregnancy, there is a higher risk of birth defects . Your baby will be at risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes later in


later. Having diabetes during pregnancy can also affect the health of your developing baby: If you have high blood glucose levels at the beginning of your pregnancy, there is a higher risk of birth defects . Your baby will be at risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. Your baby is more likely to be born early . Your baby may have breathing problems or hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) right after birth. There is a higher risk of miscarriage and stillbirth . How can I manage diabetes during pregnancy? There are steps you can take to manage your diabetes before, during, and after pregnancy. If you already have diabetes, the best time to control your blood glucose is before you get pregnant . High blood glucose levels can be harmful to your developing baby during the first weeks of pregnancy, even before you know you are pregnant. See your provider to help you plan for pregnancy. You can talk about how to lower the risk of health problems for you and your developing baby. You can also discuss your diet, physical activity, and which diabetes medicines are safe during pregnancy . During your pregnancy, you will work with your provider to manage your blood glucose levels. You may be able to manage them with a healthy diet and regular physical activity. If that's not enough, then you will need to take diabetes medicines. It's also important that you: Get regular prenatal checkups Take your prenatal vitamins Don't use harmful substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs After pregnancy, there are steps you need to take to stay healthy: If you had gestational diabetes, you are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. You will be tested for it within 4 to 12 weeks after giving


Don't use harmful substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs After pregnancy, there are steps you need to take to stay healthy: If you had gestational diabetes, you are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. You will be tested for it within 4 to 12 weeks after giving birth. Even if your blood glucose levels have returned to normal, you will need to get them tested every 1 to 3 years. If you already had diabetes before pregnancy, you and your provider will monitor changes to your blood glucose levels. They will tell you if you need to adjust your diabetes management plan. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


What is diabetes? If you have diabetes , your blood glucose, or blood sugar , levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes , your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes , your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood. What health problems can diabetes cause? Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause complications, including: Eye disease , due to changes in fluid levels, swelling in the tissues, and damage to the blood vessels in the eyes. Foot problems , caused by damage to the nerves and reduced blood flow to your feet. Gum disease and other dental problems, because a high amount of glucose in your saliva helps harmful bacteria grow in your mouth. The bacteria combine with food to form a soft, sticky film called plaque. Plaque also comes from eating foods that contain sugars or starches. Some types of plaque cause gum disease and bad breath . Other types cause tooth decay and cavities. Heart disease and stroke , caused by damage to your blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart and blood vessels. Kidney disease , due to damage to the blood vessels in your kidneys. Many people with diabetes develop high blood pressure . That can also damage your kidneys. Nerve problems (diabetic neuropathy), caused by damage to the nerves and the small blood vessels that nourish your nerves with oxygen and nutrients. Sexual and bladder problems, caused by damage to the nerves and reduced blood flow in the genitals and bladder. Skin conditions , some of which are caused by changes in the


caused by damage to the nerves and the small blood vessels that nourish your nerves with oxygen and nutrients. Sexual and bladder problems, caused by damage to the nerves and reduced blood flow in the genitals and bladder. Skin conditions , some of which are caused by changes in the small blood vessels and reduced circulation. People with diabetes are also more likely to have infections, including skin infections . What other problems can people with diabetes have? If you have diabetes, you need to watch out for blood glucose levels that are too high (hyperglycemia) or too low for you (hypoglycemia). These can happen quickly and can become dangerous. Some of the causes include having another illness or infection and certain medicines. They can also happen if you don't get the right amount of diabetes medicines . To try to prevent these problems, make sure to take your diabetes medicines correctly, follow your diabetic diet , and check your blood glucose regularly. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


Hasta hace poco, la diabetes más común en niños y adolescentes era la tipo 1 conocida también como diabetes juvenil. En este tipo de diabetes, el páncreas no produce insulina, que es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa entre en las células para darles energía. Sin insulina, demasiada azúcar queda en la sangre. Hoy en día más personas jóvenes tienen diabetes tipo 2 . A esta diabetes se la solía llamar diabetes del adulto, pero ahora es también común en niños y adolescentes debido a una mayor obesidad . En la diabetes tipo 2, el cuerpo no produce o no usa la insulina adecuadamente. Los niños y adolescentes están en mayor riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 si tienen sobrepeso u obesidad, tienen antecedentes familiares de diabetes o no hacen ejercicio. Los niños que son afroamericanos, hispanos, indios americanos / nativos de Alaska, asiáticoamericanos o isleños del Pacífico también tienen un riesgo más alto. Para disminuir el riesgo de diabetes 2 en niños y adolescentes: Ayúdeles a mantener un peso saludable Asegúrese que hagan ejercicio y se mantengan activos Sírvales porciones pequeñas de alimentos saludables y nutritivos Limite el tiempo que pasan frente al televisor, computadora o videos Los niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 pueden necesitar insulina. La diabetes tipo 2 puede ser controlada con dieta y ejercicio . Si eso no es suficiente, necesitarán tomar medicinas para la diabetes orales o insulina. Un análisis de sangre llamado A1c puede comprobar cómo está manejando su diabetes.


Until recently, the common type of diabetes in children and teens was type 1 . It was called juvenile diabetes. With Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose,or sugar, get into your cells to give them energy. Without insulin, too much sugar stays in the blood. Now younger people are also getting type 2 diabetes . Type 2 diabetes used to be called adult-onset diabetes. But now it is becoming more common in children and teens, due to more obesity . With Type 2 diabetes, the body does not make or use insulin well. Children have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes if they are overweight or have obesity, have a family history of diabetes, or are not active. Children who are African American, Hispanic, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian American, or Pacific Islander also have a higher risk. To lower the risk of type 2 diabetes in children: Have them maintain a healthy weight Be sure they are physically active Have them eat smaller portions of healthy foods Limit time with the TV, computer, and video Children and teens with type 1 diabetes may need to take insulin. Type 2 diabetes may be controlled with diet and exercise . If not, patients will need to take oral diabetes medicines or insulin. A blood test called the A1C can check on how you are managing your diabetes.


Diabetes insipidus (DI) causes frequent urination. You become extremely thirsty, so you drink. Then you urinate. This cycle can keep you from sleeping or even make you wet the bed. Your body produces lots of urine that is almost all water. DI is different from diabetes mellitus (DM), which involves insulin problems and high blood sugar. The symptoms can be similar. However, DI is related to how your kidneys handle fluids. It's much less common than DM. Urine and blood tests can show which one you have. Usually, DI is caused by a problem with your pituitary gland or your kidneys. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. Medicines can often help. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


La diabetes insípida causa deseos de orinar muy seguido. Las personas con diabetes insípida tienen mucha sed. Entonces toman muchos líquidos. Esto es lo que causa que estas personas sientan deseos de ir al baño tan seguido. El ciclo puede impedirles dormir o inclusive hasta orinarse en la cama. El cuerpo produce una gran cantidad de orina que es casi pura agua. La diabetes insípida es distinta de la diabetes mellitus (DM), que implica problemas con la insulina y altos niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Los síntomas pueden ser similares. Sin embargo, la diabetes insípida se relaciona con la forma en la cual los riñones manejan los líquidos. Es mucho menos común que la mellitus. Los exámenes de orina y de sangre pueden revelar cuál es su caso. Por lo general, la diabetes insípida es causada por un problema con la glándula pituitaria o los riñones. El tratamiento varía dependiendo de la causa del problema. Las medicinas suelen ser de ayuda. NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales


What is diabetes? Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar , levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells. With type 1 diabetes , your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes ,your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose can't get into your cells as quickly as usual. The glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels. What are the treatments for diabetes? Treatments for diabetes can depend on the type. Common treatments include a diabetic meal plan , regular physical activity, and medicines. Some less common treatments are weight loss surgery for either type and an artificial pancreas or pancreatic islet transplantation for some people with type 1 diabetes. Who needs diabetes medicines? People with type 1 diabetes need to take a diabetes medicine called insulin to control their blood sugar. Some people with type 2 diabetes can control their blood sugar with healthy food choices and physical activity. But for others, a diabetic meal plan and physical activity are not enough. They need to take diabetes medicines. The kind of medicine you take depends on your type of diabetes, daily schedule, medicine costs, and any other health conditions that you have. Over time, you may need to take more than one diabetes medicine. What are the types of medicines for type 1 diabetes? If you have type 1 diabetes, you must take insulin because your body no longer makes it. There are different types of insulin that start to work at different speeds, and the effects of each last a different length of time. Your health care provider


medicines for type 1 diabetes? If you have type 1 diabetes, you must take insulin because your body no longer makes it. There are different types of insulin that start to work at different speeds, and the effects of each last a different length of time. Your health care provider will measure your blood glucose to decide on the type of insulin. You may need to use more than one type. You will also need to check your blood sugar at home. Your provider will tell you how often. The results of your blood sugar testing can help you make decisions about food, physical activity, and medicines. You can take insulin several different ways. The most common are with a needle and syringe, an insulin pen, or an insulin pump. If you use a needle and syringe or a pen, you have to take insulin several times during the day, including with meals. An insulin pump gives you small, steady doses throughout the day. Less common ways to take insulin include inhalers, injection ports, and jet injectors. In rare cases, taking insulin alone might not be enough to manage your blood sugar. Then you would need to take another diabetes medicine. What are the types of medicines for type 2 diabetes? There are several different medicines for type 2 diabetes. Each works in a different way. Many of them are pills. There are also medicines that you inject under your skin, such as insulin. Over time, you may need more than one diabetes medicine to manage your blood sugar. You might add another diabetes medicine or switch to a combination medicine. A combination medicine contains more than one type of diabetes medicine in the same pill. Some people with type 2 diabetes take both pills and injections. Even if you


than one diabetes medicine to manage your blood sugar. You might add another diabetes medicine or switch to a combination medicine. A combination medicine contains more than one type of diabetes medicine in the same pill. Some people with type 2 diabetes take both pills and injections. Even if you don't usually take insulin, you may need it at special times, such as during pregnancy or if you are in the hospital. What else should I know about taking medicines for diabetes? Even if you take medicines for diabetes, you still need to eat a healthy diet, stop smoking, take your other medicines, and get regular physical activity. These will help you manage your diabetes. It is important to make sure that you understand your diabetes treatment plan. Talk to your provider about: What your target blood sugar level is What to do if your blood sugar gets too low or too high Whether your diabetes medicines will affect other medicines you take If you will have any side effects from the diabetes medicines You should not change or stop your diabetes medicines on your own. Talk to your provider first. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


La diabetes indica que el nivel de glucosa, o azúcar , se encuentra muy elevado en la sangre. En la diabetes tipo 1, el páncreas no produce insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa penetre en las células para suministrarles energía. Sin la insulina, hay un exceso de glucosa que permanece en la sangre. Con el tiempo, los altos niveles de glucosa en la sangre pueden causarle problemas serios en el corazón , los ojos , los riñones , los nervios , las encías y los dientes. La diabetes tipo 1 ocurre con mayor frecuencia en los niños y adultos jóvenes, pero puede aparecer a cualquier edad. Los síntomas pueden incluir: Mucha sed Orinar frecuentemente Sentir mucha hambre o cansancio Pérdida de peso sin razón aparente Presencia de llagas que tardan en sanar Piel seca y picazón Pérdida de la sensación u hormigueo en los pies Vista borrosa Un análisis de sangre puede mostrar si tiene diabetes. De ser así, deberá tomar insulina el resto de su vida. Un análisis de sangre llamado A1c puede comprobar cómo está manejando su diabetes. NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales


¿Qué es la diabetes tipo 2? La diabetes tipo 2 es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de glucosa o azúcar en la sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa es su principal fuente de energía. Proviene de los alimentos que consume. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células para brindarles energía. Si tiene diabetes, su cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina o no la usa bien. Luego, la glucosa permanece en la sangre y no ingresa lo suficiente a las células. Con el tiempo, tener demasiada glucosa en la sangre puede causar problemas de salud . Sin embargo, se pueden tomar medidas para controlar la diabetes y tratar de prevenir estos problemas de salud. ¿Qué causa la diabetes tipo 2? La diabetes tipo 2 puede deberse a una combinación de factores: Tener sobrepeso u obesidad No hacer actividad física Genética e historia familiar En general, la diabetes tipo 2 comienza con resistencia a la insulina. Esta es una afección en la que sus células no responden normalmente a la insulina. Como resultado, su cuerpo necesita más insulina para ayudar a que la glucosa ingrese a las células. Al principio, su cuerpo produce más insulina para tratar de que las células respondan. Pero con el tiempo, su cuerpo no puede producir suficiente insulina y sus niveles de glucosa en la sangre aumentan. ¿Quiénes tienen riesgo de tener diabetes tipo 2? Su riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 es más alto si: Es mayor de 45 años: Los niños, adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes pueden tener diabetes tipo 2, pero es más común en personas de mediana edad y mayores Tiene prediabetes : Esto significa que su nivel de glucosa en sangre es alto para usted, pero no lo suficientemente alto como para que sea diabetes


años: Los niños, adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes pueden tener diabetes tipo 2, pero es más común en personas de mediana edad y mayores Tiene prediabetes : Esto significa que su nivel de glucosa en sangre es alto para usted, pero no lo suficientemente alto como para que sea diabetes Tuvo diabetes durante el embarazo o dio a luz a un bebé que pesaba 9 libras o más Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad Es afroamericano, hispano o latino, indio americano, asiático americano o de las islas del Pacífico No hace ejercicio Tiene otras afecciones, como presión arterial alta , enfermedad cardíaca , accidente cerebrovascular , síndrome de ovario poliquístico o depresión Tiene colesterol bueno (HDL) bajo y triglicéridos altos Tiene acantosis nigricans: Piel oscura, gruesa y aterciopelada alrededor del cuello o las axilas ¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diabetes tipo 2? Muchas personas con diabetes tipo 2 no presentan ningún síntoma. Si los tiene, los síntomas se desarrollan lentamente durante varios años. Pueden ser tan leves que no los note. Los síntomas pueden incluir: Aumento de la sed y la micción Aumento del hambre Sensación de cansancio Visión borrosa Entumecimiento u hormigueo en los pies o las manos Llagas que no cicatrizan Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente ¿Cómo se diagnostica la diabetes tipo 2? Su profesional de la salud realiza pruebas de sangre para diagnosticar la diabetes tipo 2. Los análisis de sangre incluyen: Prueba de A1c : Mide su nivel promedio de glucosa en sangre durante los últimos 3 meses Prueba de glucosa plasmática en ayunas: Mide su nivel actual de glucosa en sangre. Debe ayunar (no comer ni beber nada excepto agua) durante al menos 8 horas antes de la prueba Prueba aleatoria de glucosa en plasma: Mide su nivel actual de


en sangre durante los últimos 3 meses Prueba de glucosa plasmática en ayunas: Mide su nivel actual de glucosa en sangre. Debe ayunar (no comer ni beber nada excepto agua) durante al menos 8 horas antes de la prueba Prueba aleatoria de glucosa en plasma: Mide su nivel actual de glucosa en sangre. Se usa cuando usted tiene síntomas de diabetes y el profesional de la salud no quiere esperar a que ayune antes de realizarse la prueba ¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diabetes tipo 2? El tratamiento para la diabetes tipo 2 implica controlar sus niveles de glucosa en sangre. Muchas personas pueden lograrlo con un estilo de vida saludable. Es posible que algunas personas también necesiten tomar medicamentos.: Un estilo de vida saludable incluye seguir un plan de alimentación saludable y realizar actividad física con regularidad. Debe aprender a equilibrar lo que come y bebe con la actividad física y los medicamentos para la diabetes, si los toma Los medicamentos para la diabetes incluyen medicinas orales, insulina y otros medicamentos inyectables. Con el tiempo, algunas personas necesitarán tomar más de un tipo de fármaco para controlar su diabetes Deberá controlar su nivel de glucosa en la sangre con regularidad. Su proveedor le dirá con qué frecuencia debe hacerlo También es importante mantener la presión arterial y sus niveles de colesterol en el rango establecido por su médico para usted. Asegúrese de hacerse las pruebas de detección con regularidad ¿Se puede prevenir la diabetes tipo 2? Puede tomar medidas para ayudar a prevenir o retrasar la diabetes tipo 2 al bajar de peso si tiene sobrepeso, consumir menos calorías y hacer más actividad física. Si tiene una afección que aumenta su riesgo de diabetes tipo 2, controlar esa afección puede reducir su riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2.


medidas para ayudar a prevenir o retrasar la diabetes tipo 2 al bajar de peso si tiene sobrepeso, consumir menos calorías y hacer más actividad física. Si tiene una afección que aumenta su riesgo de diabetes tipo 2, controlar esa afección puede reducir su riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales


Diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar , levels are too high. With type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get into your cells to give them energy. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood. Over time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems with your heart , eyes , kidneys , nerves , and gums and teeth. Type 1 diabetes happens most often in children and young adults but can appear at any age. Symptoms may include: Being very thirsty Urinating often Feeling very hungry or tired Losing weight without trying Having sores that heal slowly Having dry, itchy skin Losing the feeling in your feet or having tingling in your feet Having blurry eyesight A blood test can show if you have diabetes. If you do, you will need to take insulin for the rest of your life. A blood test called the A1C can check to see how well you are managing your diabetes. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


What is type 2 diabetes? Type 2 diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar , levels are too high. Glucose is your main source of energy. It comes from the foods you eat. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. If you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin or doesn't use insulin well. The glucose then stays in your blood and not enough goes into your cells. Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause health problems . But you can take steps to manage your diabetes and try to prevent these health problems. What causes type 2 diabetes? Type 2 diabetes may be caused by a combination of factors: Being overweight or having obesity Not being physically active Genetics and family history Type 2 diabetes usually starts with insulin resistance. This is a condition in which your cells don't respond normally to insulin. As a result, your body needs more insulin to help the glucose enter your cells. At first, your body makes more insulin to try to get cells to respond. But over time, your body can't make enough insulin, and your blood glucose levels rise. Who is at risk for type 2 diabetes? You are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes if you: Are over age 45. Children, teenagers , and younger adults can get type 2 diabetes, but it is more common in middle-aged and older people. Have prediabetes , which means that your blood glucose is high for you but not high enough to be called diabetes Had diabetes in pregnancy or gave birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more. Have a family history of diabetes Are overweight or have obesity Are Black


people. Have prediabetes , which means that your blood glucose is high for you but not high enough to be called diabetes Had diabetes in pregnancy or gave birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more. Have a family history of diabetes Are overweight or have obesity Are Black or African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Asian American, or Pacific Islander Are not physically active Have other conditions such as high blood pressure , heart disease , stroke , polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or depression Have low HDL (good) cholesterol and high triglycerides Have acanthosis nigricans - dark, thick, and velvety skin around your neck or armpits What are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes? Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms at all. If you do have them, the symptoms develop slowly over several years. They might be so mild that you do not notice them. The symptoms can include: Increased thirst and urination Increased hunger Feeling tired Blurred vision Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands Sores that do not heal Unexplained weight loss How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed? Your provider will use blood tests to diagnose type 2 diabetes. The blood tests include: A1C test , which measures your average blood glucose level over the past 3 months. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, which measures your current blood glucose level. You need to fast (not eat or drink anything except water) for at least 8 hours before the test. Random plasma glucose (RPG) test, which measures your current blood glucose level. This test is used when you have diabetes symptoms and the provider does not want to wait for you to fast before having the test. What are the treatments for type 2 diabetes? Treatment for type 2 diabetes involves managing your blood


test, which measures your current blood glucose level. This test is used when you have diabetes symptoms and the provider does not want to wait for you to fast before having the test. What are the treatments for type 2 diabetes? Treatment for type 2 diabetes involves managing your blood glucose levels. Many people are able to do this by living a healthy lifestyle. Some people may also need to take medicine: A healthy lifestyle includes following a healthy eating plan and getting regular physical activity . You need to learn how to balance what you eat and drink with physical activity and diabetes medicine, if you take any. Medicines for diabetes include oral medicines, insulin, and other injectable medicines. Over time, some people will need to take more than one type of medicine to control their diabetes. You will need to check your blood glucose regularly. Your provider will tell you how often you need to do it. It's also important to keep your blood pressure and cholesterol levels close to the targets your provider sets for you. Make sure to get your screening tests regularly. Can type 2 diabetes be prevented? You can take steps to help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by losing weight if you are overweight, eating fewer calories, and being more physically active. If you have a condition which raises your risk for type 2 diabetes, managing that condition may lower your risk of getting type 2 diabetes. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


¿Qué es la diabetes? Si usted tiene diabetes , sus niveles de glucosa o azúcar en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que come. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células para darles energía. En la diabetes tipo 1 , el cuerpo no produce insulina. En la diabetes tipo 2 , el cuerpo no produce o no utiliza bien la insulina. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa permanece en la sangre. ¿Qué es la diabetes gestacional? Algunas personas ya tienen diabetes antes de quedar embarazadas, pero otras pueden desarrollar diabetes durante el embarazo. Este tipo de diabetes se denomina diabetes gestacional y suele desarrollarse alrededor de la semana 24 del embarazo. Sucede cuando el cuerpo no puede producir la insulina adicional que necesita durante el embarazo. Los investigadores creen que la diabetes gestacional es causada por los cambios hormonales del embarazo, junto con factores genéticos y de estilo de vida. ¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar diabetes gestacional? Cualquier persona que esté embarazada podría desarrollar diabetes gestacional. Pero es más probable que la desarrolle si: Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes Tuvo diabetes gestacional en un embarazo anterior Ha dado a luz a un bebé que pesó 9 libras o más Tiene síndrome de ovario poliquístico Es afroamericana, hispana/latina, indígena americana, nativa de Alaska, nativa de Hawaii o de las islas del Pacífico ¿Cómo sé si tengo diabetes gestacional? La diabetes gestacional no suele presentar síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, pueden ser leves, como tener más sed de lo normal o tener que orinar con más frecuencia. Si está embarazada, lo más probable es que le hagan una prueba de detección de diabetes gestacional entre las semanas 24 y 28 del embarazo. Pero si tiene una mayor probabilidad de


síntomas, pueden ser leves, como tener más sed de lo normal o tener que orinar con más frecuencia. Si está embarazada, lo más probable es que le hagan una prueba de detección de diabetes gestacional entre las semanas 24 y 28 del embarazo. Pero si tiene una mayor probabilidad de desarrollar diabetes gestacional, es posible que le hagan una prueba durante su primera visita prenatal . Su profesional de la salud utilizará una o más pruebas de glucosa en sangre para detectar la diabetes gestacional. Es posible que le hagan la prueba de sobrecarga oral de glucosa, la prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa oral (PTGO) o ambas. Para estas dos pruebas, usted beberá un líquido azucarado y esperará durante una hora antes de que le tomen una muestra de sangre. Si usted tiene una prueba de tolerancia a la glucose, también se le tomará una muestra de sangre después de dos y tres horas. ¿Cómo puede la diabetes afectar el embarazo? Tener diabetes durante el embarazo puede afectar su salud. Por ejemplo: Tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar preeclampsia , una afección médica grave que provoca un aumento repentino de la presión arterial Tiene más probabilidades de necesitar una cesárea , porque es más probable que tu bebé sea más grande que el promedio Los cambios en sus hormonas y en su cuerpo durante el embarazo pueden afectar sus niveles de glucosa en sangre. Si tenía diabetes antes del embarazo, es posible que ahora deba ajustar su plan de alimentación , su rutina de actividad física y/o sus medicamentos . Si tiene algún problema de salud relacionado con la diabetes , es posible que empeore durante el embarazo La diabetes gestacional suele desaparecer después de que nace el bebé, pero usted tendrá un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2


, su rutina de actividad física y/o sus medicamentos . Si tiene algún problema de salud relacionado con la diabetes , es posible que empeore durante el embarazo La diabetes gestacional suele desaparecer después de que nace el bebé, pero usted tendrá un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 más adelante Tener diabetes durante el embarazo también puede afectar la salud de su bebé en desarrollo: Si tiene niveles altos de glucosa en sangre al comienzo de su embarazo, existe un mayor riesgo de defectos congénitos Su bebé correrá riesgo de tener obesidad y diabetes tipo 2 más adelante en su vida Es más probable que su bebé nazca antes de tiempo Su bebé puede tener problemas respiratorios o hipoglucemia (niveles bajos de glucosa en sangre) inmediatamente después del nacimiento Existe un mayor riesgo de pérdida del embarazo y muerte fetal ¿Cómo puedo manejar la diabetes durante el embarazo? Hay medidas que puede tomar para controlar la diabetes antes, durante y después del embarazo. Si ya tiene diabetes, el mejor momento para controlar su nivel de glucosa en sangre es antes de quedar embarazada. Los niveles altos de glucosa en sangre pueden ser perjudiciales para su bebé en desarrollo durante las primeras semanas de embarazo, incluso antes de que sepa que está embarazada. Consulte con su profesional de la salud para que la ayude a planificar el embarazo. Puede hablar sobre cómo reducir el riesgo de problemas de salud para usted y su bebé en desarrollo. También puede hablar sobre su dieta, actividad física y qué medicamentos para la diabetes son seguros durante el embarazo . Durante el embarazo , usted colaborará con su médico para controlar sus niveles de glucosa en sangre. Es posible que pueda controlarlos con una dieta saludable y actividad física regular. Si eso no


sobre su dieta, actividad física y qué medicamentos para la diabetes son seguros durante el embarazo . Durante el embarazo , usted colaborará con su médico para controlar sus niveles de glucosa en sangre. Es posible que pueda controlarlos con una dieta saludable y actividad física regular. Si eso no es suficiente, deberá tomar medicamentos para la diabetes. También es importante que: Realice controles prenatales regulares Tome sus vitaminas prenatales No consuma sustancias nocivas como alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales Después del embarazo , hay medidas que debe tomar para mantenerse saludable: Si tuvo diabetes gestacional, corre el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. Se le realizarán pruebas para detectarla entre 4 y 12 semanas después de dar a luz. Incluso si sus niveles de glucosa en sangre han vuelto a la normalidad, deberá realizarlos cada 1 a 3 años Si ya tenía diabetes antes del embarazo, usted y su profesional de la salud controlarán los cambios en sus niveles de glucosa en sangre. Le indicarán si necesita ajustar su plan de control de la diabetes NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales


What is diabetes? If you have diabetes , your blood glucose , or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps glucose get into your cells. With type 1 diabetes , your body doesn't make insulin. With type 2 diabetes , your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood glucose levels. Prediabetes means that your blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. If you have prediabetes, you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. How do the foods I eat affect my blood glucose levels? The glucose in your blood comes from certain foods called carbohydrates , or "carbs." Foods that are high in carbs include candy and sweets, sodas, breads, tortillas, and white rice. The more carbs you eat, the higher your blood glucose level will be. Some, but not all people with diabetes, may need to count the amount of carbs eaten in drinks and meals. Whether you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, making the right food choices is an important way to keep your blood glucose at a level that is healthy for you. When you control your blood glucose, you lower your chance of having serious health problems from diabetes , such as vision loss and heart problems . And if you have prediabetes or are at risk for diabetes, eating foods that keep your blood glucose levels healthy may help prevent type 2 diabetes later on. What's the best diet for diabetes? There isn't a specific diet or meal plan that works for everybody. Your health care provider may have you see a


or are at risk for diabetes, eating foods that keep your blood glucose levels healthy may help prevent type 2 diabetes later on. What's the best diet for diabetes? There isn't a specific diet or meal plan that works for everybody. Your health care provider may have you see a registered dietician (RD) or a diabetes educator who can help design the best eating plan for you. The plan will consider: Any medicines that you take Your weight Any other health conditions you have Your lifestyle and tastes Your goals All eating plans for diabetes have a few things in common, including eating the right foods in the right amounts at the right times . What foods should I eat if I have diabetes? Eating the right foods for diabetes means eating a variety of healthy foods from all the food groups: Fruits and vegetables Whole grains , such as whole wheat, brown rice, barley, quinoa, and oats Proteins , such as lean meats, chicken, turkey, fish, eggs, nuts, beans, lentils, and tofu Nonfat or low-fat dairy , such as milk, yogurt, and cheese What foods should I limit to control my blood glucose? To keep your blood glucose under control, you may need to cut back on certain foods and drinks. This doesn't mean that you can never enjoy them. But you should have them less often or in smaller amounts. The foods and drinks you should limit include: High-carb foods and drinks , such as: Sugary foods, such as candy, cookies, cake, ice cream, sweetened cereals, and canned fruits with added sugar Drinks with added sugars, such as juice, regular soda, and regular sports or energy drinks White rice, tortillas, breads, and pasta - especially those made with white flour Starchy vegetables, such as white potatoes, corn, and


as candy, cookies, cake, ice cream, sweetened cereals, and canned fruits with added sugar Drinks with added sugars, such as juice, regular soda, and regular sports or energy drinks White rice, tortillas, breads, and pasta - especially those made with white flour Starchy vegetables, such as white potatoes, corn, and peas Fried foods and other foods high in saturated and trans fats . Foods high in sodium (salt). Alcohol . If you do drink, you should drink moderately. This means no more than one standard drink a day if you're a woman or two standard drinks a day if you're a man. What else do I need to know about diabetic diets? If you have diabetes, it's important to eat the right amount of food every day. Your eating plan will include how much to eat, and help you choose the types of food for each meal or snack. If you take insulin, you may need to learn how to count carbs to help you know how much insulin to take. Eating at the right times is also important. You will want to plan for regular, balanced meals to avoid blood glucose levels that are too high or too low for you. Eating about the same amount of carbs at each meal can be helpful. Your eating plan will also teach you how to stick with your plan at home and when you eat out. Eating healthy to control your blood glucose does take some effort. But the reward is a chance to live your healthiest life with diabetes. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


What is diabetes? Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose , or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells. With type 1 diabetes , your body doesn't make insulin. With type 2 diabetes , your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood glucose levels. What eye problems can diabetes cause? Over time, high blood glucose may damage the blood vessels and lenses in your eyes. This can lead to serious diabetic eye problems which can harm your vision and sometimes cause blindness . Some common diabetic eye problems include: Diabetic retinopathy , which is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. It affects blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye). The blood vessels may swell and leak fluid into your eye. If it's not treated, it can cause serious problems such as vision loss and retinal detachment , where the retina is pulled away from its normal position at the back of your eye. Diabetic macular edema (DME) , which happens when blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula (the part of the retina needed for sharp, central vision). This usually develops in people who already have other signs of diabetic retinopathy. Glaucoma , a group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve (the bundle of nerves that connects the eye to the brain). Glaucoma from diabetes happens when the blood vessels in the front of your eye are damaged, and new blood vessels grow near the iris (the colored part of your eye). The


eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve (the bundle of nerves that connects the eye to the brain). Glaucoma from diabetes happens when the blood vessels in the front of your eye are damaged, and new blood vessels grow near the iris (the colored part of your eye). The blood vessels block the space where fluid drains from your eye. This causes fluid to build up and pressure to increase inside your eye. Cataract , which is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It happens when the clear lens in the front of your eye becomes cloudy. Cataracts are common as people age. But people with diabetes are more likely to develop cataracts younger and faster than people without diabetes. Researchers think that high glucose levels cause deposits to build up in the lenses of your eyes. Who is more likely to develop diabetic eye problems? Anyone with diabetes can develop diabetic eye disease. But your risk of developing it is higher if you have diabetes and: Have had diabetes for a long time Don't have good control over your high blood glucose or high blood pressure Are pregnant Have high blood cholesterol Smoke tobacco What are the symptoms of diabetic eye problems? In the early stages, diabetic eye problems usually don't have any symptoms. That's why regular dilated eye exams are so important, even if you think your eyes are healthy. You should also watch for sudden changes in your vision that could be signs of an emergency. Call your eye care professional right away if you notice any of these symptoms: Many new spots or dark wavy strings floating in your vision (floaters) Flashes of light A dark shadow over part of your vision, like a curtain Vision loss Eye pain or redness Talk with your eye


Call your eye care professional right away if you notice any of these symptoms: Many new spots or dark wavy strings floating in your vision (floaters) Flashes of light A dark shadow over part of your vision, like a curtain Vision loss Eye pain or redness Talk with your eye care professional if you have these symptoms, even if they come and go: Spots or dark wavy strings floating in your vision Blurry or wavy vision Vision that changes a lot Trouble seeing colors How are diabetic eye problems diagnosed? Eye care professionals do dilated eye exams to diagnose eye problems. A dilated eye exam uses eye drops to open your pupils wide so your eye care professional can look for signs of eye problems and treat them before they harm your vision. They will also test your vision and measure the pressure in your eyes. What are the treatments for diabetic eye problems? Treatment for diabetic eye problems depends on the problem and how serious it is. Some of the treatments include: Lasers to stop blood vessels from leaking Injections (shots) in the eye to stop new, leaky blood vessels from growing Surgery to remove blood and scar tissue or replace a cloudy lens Eye drops to lower fluid pressure in the eye But these treatments aren't cures. Eye problems can come back. That's why your best defense against serious vision loss is to take control of your diabetes and get regular eye exams. It's also important to keep your blood pressure and cholesterol in a healthy range. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


What is diabetes? Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar , levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells. With type 1 diabetes , your body doesn't make insulin. With type 2 diabetes , your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose can't get into your cells as quickly as usual. The glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels. How does diabetes cause foot problems? Foot problems are common in people with diabetes. They can happen over time when high blood sugar damages the nerves and blood vessels in the feet. The nerve damage, called diabetic neuropathy , can cause numbness, tingling, pain, or a loss of feeling in your feet. If you can't feel pain, you may not know when you have a cut, blister , or ulcer (open sore) on your foot. A wound like that could get infected. The infection may not heal well because the damaged blood vessels can cause poor blood flow in your feet. Having an infection and poor blood flow can lead to gangrene . That means the muscle, skin, and other tissues start to die. If you have gangrene or a foot ulcer that does not get better with treatment, you may need an amputation . This is a surgery to cut off your damaged toe, foot, or part of your leg. It may prevent a bad infection from spreading and could save your life. But there's a lot you can do to prevent a foot wound from becoming a major health problem. How can I protect my feet if I have diabetes? The best way


foot, or part of your leg. It may prevent a bad infection from spreading and could save your life. But there's a lot you can do to prevent a foot wound from becoming a major health problem. How can I protect my feet if I have diabetes? The best way to protect your feet is by controlling your blood sugar levels every day. This will help keep nerve and blood vessel damage from getting worse. The next step is to keep the skin of your feet healthy. Good foot care for people with diabetes includes: Checking your feet every day. Look for cuts, redness, and other changes in the skin and toenails, including warts or other spots that your shoes could rub. Make sure to check the bottoms of your feet too. Washing your feet every day. Use warm water and soap. Don't soak your feet because that can dry out your skin. After you dry your feet, you can use talcum powder or cornstarch between your toes. They soak up moisture that can cause infection. If you use lotion, don't apply it between your toes. Asking your doctor how to remove corns and calluses safely. Thick skin on your feet can rub and lead to sores. But removing it the wrong way could damage your skin. So you don't want to cut the skin or use medicated pads or liquid removers. Trimming your toenails straight across with a clipper. If it's hard for you to trim your own toenails, or if they're thick or curve into the skin, have a podiatrist (foot doctor) do it for you. Always wearing well-fitting shoes and socks or slippers to protect your feet when walking. You don't want to walk barefoot, even indoors. And be sure your shoes are smooth inside. A seam


or if they're thick or curve into the skin, have a podiatrist (foot doctor) do it for you. Always wearing well-fitting shoes and socks or slippers to protect your feet when walking. You don't want to walk barefoot, even indoors. And be sure your shoes are smooth inside. A seam or pebble could rub your skin raw. Protecting your feet from heat and cold. Use sunscreen on exposed skin and don't walk barefoot at the beach. In cold weather, wear warm socks instead of warming your feet near a heater or fireplace. Keeping the blood flowing in your feet. Put your feet up when you're sitting. Wiggle your toes and circle your feet throughout the day. Don't wear tight socks. And get plenty of activity that's not too hard on the feet, such as walking. Getting your feet checked at your health care visits. Even if you haven't noticed a problem, it's good to have your health care provider look at your feet. When should I see my health care provider about diabetic foot problems? Serious foot problems can develop quickly. See your health care provider right away if you notice: A cut, blister, or bruise on your feet that doesn't start to heal in a few days Red, warm, or painful skin on your feet A callus with dried blood inside A foot infection that becomes black and smells bad that could be gangrene Remember, controlling your blood sugar and caring for your feet every day are the best steps you can take to prevent serious diabetic foot problems. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


What is diabetes? Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar , levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells. With type 1 diabetes , your body doesn't make insulin. With type 2 diabetes , your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels. What is diabetic heart disease? Diabetic heart disease is a term for heart disease in people who have diabetes. If you have diabetes, you are much more likely to develop heart disease or have a stroke than people who don't have diabetes. And you may start having these problems at a younger age. Over time, the effects of high blood sugar from diabetes can include damage to the blood vessels and nerves in your heart. This damage increases your chance of developing heart diseases, including: Coronary artery disease (CAD) . It happens slowly as a sticky material called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply your heart muscle with blood. Heart failure . With this condition, your heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to meet the needs of your body. Cardiomyopathy . This is a group of diseases in which the heart muscle may become thick or stiff. Who is more likely to develop diabetic heart disease? Diabetes puts you at serious risk for heart disease. It also makes you more likely to develop other conditions that raise your risk even more, including: High blood pressure High blood levels of LDL "bad" cholesterol High triglycerides (a type of fat in your blood) with low blood levels of HDL "good" cholesterol Your risk for heart disease


disease. It also makes you more likely to develop other conditions that raise your risk even more, including: High blood pressure High blood levels of LDL "bad" cholesterol High triglycerides (a type of fat in your blood) with low blood levels of HDL "good" cholesterol Your risk for heart disease is also higher if you Are male Smoke Have obesity Have too much belly fat around your waist, even though you're at a healthy weight: For men, that's a waist more than 40 inches For women, that's a waist more than 35 inches Have a family history of heart disease Have chronic kidney disease What are the symptoms of diabetic heart disease? In the early stages, heart disease usually doesn't have any symptoms. But if your heart disease worsens, you can have symptoms. Your symptoms will depend on the type of heart disease you have. They might include: Shortness of breath Fatigue Dizziness or fainting Arrhythmia (problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat) Swollen feet and ankles Chest pain It's important to know that people with diabetes may not feel chest pain. That's because diabetes can damage the nerves in your heart. If you have any symptoms that could be heart disease, talk with your health care provider. How is diabetic heart disease diagnosed? To find out if you have diabetic heart disease, your provider will: Ask about your medical history , including your symptoms and other health conditions you may have Ask about your family history , to find out if you have relatives who have or had heart disease Do a physical exam Likely run some tests to help understand your personal risk for heart disease , including: Blood tests to check your cholesterol , triglycerides , and blood sugar levels A blood-pressure check Heart tests


to find out if you have relatives who have or had heart disease Do a physical exam Likely run some tests to help understand your personal risk for heart disease , including: Blood tests to check your cholesterol , triglycerides , and blood sugar levels A blood-pressure check Heart tests , if needed Depending on your risk level, your provider may send you to a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases) for care. If you do have heart disease, treatment will depend on the type of heart disease you have. How can I prevent diabetic heart disease? You may be able to prevent heart disease or keep it from getting worse by working with your provider to: Control your blood sugar levels Manage other conditions you may have that can raise your risk for heart disease Take any medicines your provider prescribed Make heart-healthy habits part of your daily life Follow a healthy eating plan for diabetes NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


If you have diabetes , your blood glucose, or blood sugar , levels are too high. Over time, this can damage your kidneys. Your kidneys clean your blood. If they are damaged, waste and fluids build up in your blood instead of leaving your body. Kidney damage from diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. It begins long before you have symptoms. People with diabetes should get regular screenings for kidney disease. Tests include a urine test to detect protein in your urine and a blood test to show how well your kidneys are working. If the damage continues, your kidneys could fail. In fact, diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure in the United States. People with kidney failure need either dialysis or a kidney transplant . You can slow down kidney damage or keep it from getting worse. Controlling your blood sugar and blood pressure, taking your medicines and not eating too much protein can help. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


If you have diabetes , your blood glucose, or blood sugar , levels are too high. Over time, this can damage the covering on your nerves or the blood vessels that bring oxygen to your nerves. Damaged nerves may stop sending messages, or may send messages slowly or at the wrong times. This damage is called diabetic neuropathy. Over half of people with diabetes get it. Symptoms may include: Numbness in your hands, legs, or feet Shooting pains, burning, or tingling Nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea Problems with sexual function Urinary problems Dizziness when you change positions quickly Your doctor will diagnose diabetic neuropathy with a physical exam and nerve tests. Controlling your blood sugar can help prevent nerve problems, or keep them from getting worse. Treatment may include pain relief and other medicines. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


Diagnostic imaging lets doctors look inside your body for clues about a medical condition. A variety of machines and techniques can create pictures of the structures and activities inside your body. The type of imaging your doctor uses depends on your symptoms and the part of your body being examined. They include: X-rays CT scans Nuclear medicine scans MRI scans Ultrasound Many imaging tests are painless and easy. Some require you to stay still for a long time inside a machine. This can be uncomfortable. Certain tests involve exposure to a small amount of radiation . For some imaging tests, doctors insert a tiny camera attached to a long, thin tube into your body. This tool is called a scope . The doctor moves it through a body passageway or opening to see inside a particular organ, such as your heart, lungs, or colon. These procedures often require anesthesia.


¿Qué es un diagnóstico doble? Si tiene un diagnóstico doble o dual, significa que tiene tanto un trastorno mental como un trastorno por uso de sustancias, ya sea con alcohol o drogas . Un diagnóstico doble es un tipo de comorbilidad, que ocurre cuando una persona presenta dos trastornos al mismo tiempo. Otros nombres para esto son comorbilidad, patología dual o trastornos concurrentes. A menudo, los trastornos mentales y por uso de sustancias ocurren juntos. A muchas personas que desarrollan un trastorno por uso de sustancias también se les diagnostica enfermedades mentales. Y lo contrario es cierto; muchas personas con trastornos mentales tendrán un trastorno por consumo de sustancias . Tener ambos tipos de afecciones es aún más común en adolescentes, personas con enfermedades mentales graves y personas con ciertos trastornos mentales. ¿Por qué los trastornos por uso de sustancias y los trastornos mentales ocurren juntos? Aunque estos problemas suelen ocurrir juntos, esto no significa que uno haya causado el otro, incluso si uno apareció primero. De hecho, puede resultar difícil determinar cuál ocurrió primero. Los investigadores creen que hay tres posibles razones por las que suelen ocurrir juntos: Los factores de riesgo comunes pueden contribuir tanto a los trastornos mentales como al trastorno por uso de sustancias. Estos factores incluyen: Genética Estrés Trauma, especialmente en la infancia. Los veteranos con trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) también corren riesgo de sufrir trastorno por consumo de sustancias Los trastornos mentales pueden contribuir al consumo de drogas y al trastorno por uso de sustancias. Por ejemplo, las personas con trastornos mentales pueden consumir drogas o alcohol para intentar sentirse mejor por un tiempo. Esto se conoce como automedicación. Además, los trastornos mentales pueden cambiar el cerebro para aumentar la probabilidad de que una persona se vuelva adicta El uso de sustancias y


de sustancias. Por ejemplo, las personas con trastornos mentales pueden consumir drogas o alcohol para intentar sentirse mejor por un tiempo. Esto se conoce como automedicación. Además, los trastornos mentales pueden cambiar el cerebro para aumentar la probabilidad de que una persona se vuelva adicta El uso de sustancias y la adicción pueden contribuir al desarrollo de un trastorno mental. El consumo de sustancias puede cambiar el cerebro de manera que sea más probable que una persona tenga un trastorno mental ¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el diagnóstico dual? Si tiene un diagnóstico doble, en general es mejor tratar ambas afecciones al mismo tiempo que por separado. Usted y su profesional de la salud pueden trabajar en un plan de tratamiento que se ajuste a sus necesidades. El plan debe tener en cuenta su edad, qué sustancias está consumiendo y qué trastorno mental específico padece. El plan puede incluir: Terapia conductual , como terapia de conversación (psicoterapia), tratamiento residencial a largo plazo (que combina servicios de alojamiento y tratamiento) y terapias para ayudarle a mantenerse motivado para seguir su plan de tratamiento Medicamentos : Existen medicamentos eficaces que tratan la adicción a los opioides , el alcohol y la nicotina. También existen medicamentos que pueden disminuir los síntomas de muchos problemas mentales. Algunos medicamentos pueden tratar más de un trastorno Una referencia a un grupo de apoyo: Los grupos de apoyo pueden brindarle apoyo emocional y social. También es un lugar donde las personas pueden compartir consejos sobre cómo afrontar los desafíos del día a día ¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el diagnóstico doble? Una persona con un diagnóstico doble debe tratar ambas afecciones. Para que el tratamiento sea efectivo, debe dejar de consumir alcohol o drogas. Los tratamientos pueden incluir terapias conductuales y medicamentos. Además, los grupos de apoyo


los desafíos del día a día ¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el diagnóstico doble? Una persona con un diagnóstico doble debe tratar ambas afecciones. Para que el tratamiento sea efectivo, debe dejar de consumir alcohol o drogas. Los tratamientos pueden incluir terapias conductuales y medicamentos. Además, los grupos de apoyo pueden brindarle apoyo emocional y social. También son un lugar donde las personas pueden compartir consejos sobre cómo lidiar con los desafíos diarios. NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas


El diagnóstico por imágenes permite a los profesionales de la salud observar el interior del cuerpo para buscar indicios de una afección médica. Una variedad de aparatos y técnicas pueden crear imágenes de las estructuras y procesos dentro de su cuerpo. El tipo de imagen que use el médico dependerá de sus síntomas y de la parte del cuerpo que debe examinarse. Estas incluyen: Rayos X Tomografías computarizadas Estudios de medicina nuclear Imágenes por resonancia magnética Ecografías Muchas pruebas por imágenes no duelen y son fáciles de realizar. Algunas requieren que permanezca inmóvil por un largo período de tiempo dentro de un aparato. Esto puede resultar incómodo. Algunas pruebas pueden incluir dosis bajas de radiación . En algunos estudios por imágenes, se introduce en el cuerpo una cámara diminuta unida a un tubo largo y delgado. Esta herramienta se llama tubo visor . El médico lo mueve a través de un conducto del cuerpo o una apertura para observar el interior de un órgano en particular, como el corazón, los pulmones o el colon. Estos procedimientos suelen requerir anestesia.


When your kidneys are healthy, they clean your blood. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and your blood healthy. When your kidneys fail, you need treatment to replace the work your kidneys used to do. Unless you have a kidney transplant , you will need a treatment called dialysis. There are two main types of dialysis. Both types filter your blood to rid your body of harmful wastes, extra salt, and water.: Hemodialysis uses a machine. It is sometimes called an artificial kidney. You usually go to a special clinic for treatments several times a week. Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of your abdomen, called the peritoneal membrane, to filter your blood. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


¿Qué es la diarrea? Se le llama diarrea a las heces acuosas y blandas. Usted tiene diarrea si evacúa heces sueltas tres o más veces en un día. La diarrea aguda dura un corto tiempo y es un problema común. Por lo general, dura uno o dos días, pero puede durar más tiempo. Luego desaparece sola. La diarrea que dura más de algunos días puede ser un signo de un problema más serio. La diarrea crónica, que dura al menos cuatro semanas, puede ser un síntoma de una enfermedad crónica. Los síntomas de la diarrea crónica pueden ser continuos o pueden aparecer y desaparecer. ¿Qué causa la diarrea? Las causas más comunes de diarrea incluyen: Contaminación por bacterias en alimentos o agua Virus como la gripe , el norovirus o rotavirus . El rotavirus es la causa más común de diarrea aguda en niños Parásitos: Pequeños organismos que se encuentran en alimentos o agua contaminados Medicamentos como antibióticos, medicamentos contra el cáncer y antiácidos que contienen magnesio Intolerancia y sensibilidad a ciertos alimentos: Problemas para digerir ciertos ingredientes o comidas, como la intolerancia a la lactosa Enfermedades del estómago, el intestino delgado o el colon, como la enfermedad de Crohn Problemas del funcionamiento del colon, como el síndrome del intestino irritable Algunas personas también tienen diarrea después de una cirugía de estómago, esto es porque a veces algunas cirugías pueden hacer que la comida se mueva más rápido por su sistema digestivo. A veces no se encuentra una causa. Si la diarrea desaparece después de unos días, por lo general no es necesario buscar su origen. ¿Quién está en riesgo de tener diarrea? Personas de todas las edades pueden tener diarrea. En promedio, los adultos en los Estados Unidos tienen diarrea aguda una vez al año. Los niños pequeños la


la diarrea desaparece después de unos días, por lo general no es necesario buscar su origen. ¿Quién está en riesgo de tener diarrea? Personas de todas las edades pueden tener diarrea. En promedio, los adultos en los Estados Unidos tienen diarrea aguda una vez al año. Los niños pequeños la tienen unas dos veces al año. Las personas que visitan países en vías de desarrollo están en riesgo de presentar diarrea del viajero . Esta es causada por el consumo de alimentos o agua contaminados. ¿Qué otros síntomas podría tener con diarrea? Otros posibles síntomas de la diarrea incluyen: Calambres o dolor en el abdomen Necesidad urgente de ir al baño Pérdida del control intestinal Si un virus o bacteria es la causa de la diarrea, es posible que también tenga fiebre, escalofríos y sangre en las heces. La diarrea puede causar deshidratación , lo que significa que su cuerpo no tiene suficiente líquido para funcionar en forma normal. La deshidratación puede ser grave, especialmente en niños, adultos mayores y personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados. ¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por la diarrea? Aunque por lo general no es perjudicial, la diarrea puede llegar a ser peligrosa o señal de un problema grave. Póngase en contacto con su proveedor de atención médica si tiene: Signos de deshidratación Diarrea por más de dos días si usted es un adulto. En niños, póngase en contacto con el proveedor de salud si dura más de 24 horas Dolor intenso en el abdomen o recto (en adultos) Fiebre de 102 grados F o más (38,8 grados C) Heces que contienen sangre o pus Heces negras y alquitranadas Si los niños tienen diarrea, los padres o cuidadores no deben dudar en llamar a un proveedor de atención médica. La diarrea


intenso en el abdomen o recto (en adultos) Fiebre de 102 grados F o más (38,8 grados C) Heces que contienen sangre o pus Heces negras y alquitranadas Si los niños tienen diarrea, los padres o cuidadores no deben dudar en llamar a un proveedor de atención médica. La diarrea puede ser especialmente peligrosa en los recién nacidos y lactantes. ¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de la diarrea? Para encontrar la causa de la diarrea, el médico puede: Realizar un examen físico Preguntarle por los medicamentos que esté tomando Hacerle un análisis de las heces o sangre para buscar bacterias, parásitos u otros signos de enfermedad o infección Pedirle que deje de comer ciertos alimentos para ver si la diarrea desaparece Si tiene diarrea crónica, su médico puede realizar otras pruebas para encontrar la causa. ¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diarrea? El tratamiento de la diarrea busca reponer los fluidos y electrolitos perdidos para prevenir la deshidratación. Dependiendo de la causa del problema, es posible que necesite medicamentos para detener la diarrea o tratar una infección. Los adultos con diarrea deben beber agua, jugos de frutas, bebidas deportivas, bebidas gaseosas sin cafeína y caldos salados. A medida que los síntomas mejoran, se pueden comer alimentos suaves y blandos. Los niños con diarrea deben recibir una solución de rehidratación oral para reponer los líquidos y electrolitos perdidos. ¿Se puede prevenir la diarrea? Se pueden prevenir dos tipos de diarrea, la diarrea por rotavirus y la diarrea del viajero. Existen vacunas para el rotavirus. Se les da a los bebés en dos o tres dosis. Para prevenir la diarrea del viajero, debe tener cuidado con lo que come y bebe cuando se encuentra en países en vías del desarrollo: Use sólo agua embotellada o purificada para beber, hacer hielo y cepillarse


para el rotavirus. Se les da a los bebés en dos o tres dosis. Para prevenir la diarrea del viajero, debe tener cuidado con lo que come y bebe cuando se encuentra en países en vías del desarrollo: Use sólo agua embotellada o purificada para beber, hacer hielo y cepillarse los dientes Si usted usa el agua del grifo, hiérvala o trátela con tabletas de yodo Asegúrese de que los alimentos cocidos que coma estén totalmente cocinados y servidos calientes Evite frutas y verduras crudas sin lavar ni pelar NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales


What is diarrhea? Diarrhea is loose, watery stools (bowel movements). You have diarrhea if you have loose stools three or more times in one day. Acute diarrhea is diarrhea that lasts a short time. It is a common problem. It usually lasts about one or two days, but it may last longer. Then it goes away on its own. Diarrhea lasting more than a few days may be a sign of a more serious problem. Chronic diarrhea -- diarrhea that lasts at least four weeks -- can be a symptom of a chronic disease. Chronic diarrhea symptoms may be continual, or they may come and go. What causes diarrhea? The most common causes of diarrhea include: Bacteria from contaminated food or water Viruses such as the flu , norovirus , or rotavirus . Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children. Parasites, which are tiny organisms found in contaminated food or water Medicines such as antibiotics, cancer drugs, and antacids that contain magnesium Food intolerances and sensitivities, which are problems digesting certain ingredients or foods. An example is lactose intolerance . Diseases that affect the stomach, small intestine, or colon, such as Crohn's disease Problems with how the colon functions, such as irritable bowel syndrome Some people also get diarrhea after stomach surgery, because sometimes the surgeries can cause food to move through your digestive system more quickly. Sometimes no cause can be found. If your diarrhea goes away within a few days, finding the cause is usually not necessary. Who is at risk for diarrhea? People of all ages can get diarrhea. On average, adults In the United States have acute diarrhea once a year. Young children have it an average of twice a year. People who visit developing countries are at risk for traveler's diarrhea


usually not necessary. Who is at risk for diarrhea? People of all ages can get diarrhea. On average, adults In the United States have acute diarrhea once a year. Young children have it an average of twice a year. People who visit developing countries are at risk for traveler's diarrhea . It is caused by consuming contaminated food or water. What other symptoms might I have with diarrhea? Other possible symptoms of diarrhea include: Cramps or pain in the abdomen An urgent need to use the bathroom Loss of bowel control If a virus or bacteria is the cause of your diarrhea, you may also have a fever, chills, and bloody stools. Diarrhea can cause dehydration , which means that your body does not have enough fluid to work properly. Dehydration can be serious, especially for children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems. When do I need to see a health care provider for diarrhea? Although it is usually not harmful, diarrhea can become dangerous or signal a more serious problem. Contact your health care provider if you have: Signs of dehydration Diarrhea for more than 2 days, if you are an adult. For children, contact the provider if it lasts more than 24 hours. Severe pain in your abdomen or rectum (for adults) A fever of 102 degrees or higher Stools containing blood or pus Stools that are black and tarry If children have diarrhea, parents or caregivers should not hesitate to call a health care provider. Diarrhea can be especially dangerous in newborns and infants. How is the cause of diarrhea diagnosed? To find the cause of diarrhea, your health care provider may: Do a physical exam Ask about any medicines you are taking Test your stool or blood to look for bacteria, parasites, or other


Diarrhea can be especially dangerous in newborns and infants. How is the cause of diarrhea diagnosed? To find the cause of diarrhea, your health care provider may: Do a physical exam Ask about any medicines you are taking Test your stool or blood to look for bacteria, parasites, or other signs of disease or infection Ask you to stop eating certain foods to see whether your diarrhea goes away If you have chronic diarrhea, your health care provider may perform other tests to look for signs of disease. What are the treatments for diarrhea? Diarrhea is treated by replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Depending on the cause of the problem, you may need medicines to stop the diarrhea or treat an infection. Adults with diarrhea should drink water, fruit juices, sports drinks, sodas without caffeine, and salty broths. As your symptoms improve, you can eat soft, bland food. Children with diarrhea should be given oral rehydration solutions to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Can diarrhea be prevented? Two types of diarrhea can be prevented - rotavirus diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea. There are vaccines for rotavirus. They are given to babies in two or three doses. You can help prevent traveler's diarrhea by being careful about what you eat and drink when you are in developing countries: Use only bottled or purified water for drinking, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth If you do use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets Make sure that the cooked food you eat is fully cooked and served hot Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


¿Qué es la diabetes? Si tiene diabetes , sus niveles de glucosa (azúcar) en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células. Con la diabetes tipo 1 , su cuerpo no produce insulina. Con la diabetes tipo 2 , su cuerpo no produce ni utiliza bien la insulina. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa se acumula en la sangre, causando que aumenten sus niveles de glucosa. La prediabetes significa que sus niveles de glucosa en sangre son más altos de lo normal, pero no lo suficientemente altos como para llamarle diabetes. Si tiene prediabetes, es más probable que desarrolle diabetes tipo 2. ¿Cómo afectan los alimentos que consumo a mis niveles de glucosa en sangre? La glucosa en su sangre proviene de ciertos alimentos llamados carbohidratos . Los alimentos con alto contenido de carbohidratos incluyen caramelos y dulces, refrescos, panes, tortillas y arroz blanco. Cuantos más carbohidratos consuma, mayor será su nivel de glucosa en sangre. Ya sea que tenga diabetes tipo 1 o tipo 2, elegir los alimentos correctos es una forma importante de mantener su glucosa en la sangre en un nivel que sea saludable para usted. Al controlar su nivel de glucosa en la sangre, reduce la probabilidad de tener problemas de salud graves a causa de la diabetes , como pérdida de la visión y problemas cardíacos . Y si tiene prediabetes o está en riesgo de padecer diabetes, comer alimentos que mantengan sus niveles de glucosa en sangre saludables puede ayudar a prevenir la diabetes tipo 2 en el futuro. ¿Cuál es la mejor dieta para la diabetes? No existe una dieta o un plan de comidas específico que


tiene prediabetes o está en riesgo de padecer diabetes, comer alimentos que mantengan sus niveles de glucosa en sangre saludables puede ayudar a prevenir la diabetes tipo 2 en el futuro. ¿Cuál es la mejor dieta para la diabetes? No existe una dieta o un plan de comidas específico que funcione para todos. Es posible que su profesional de la salud le pida que consulte con un dietista registrado o un educador en diabetes que pueda ayudarle a diseñar el mejor plan de alimentación para usted. El plan considerará: Cualquier medicamento que tome Su peso Cualquier otra afección de salud que tenga Su estilo de vida y gustos Sus metas Todos los planes de alimentación para la diabetes tienen algunas cosas en común, incluyendo comer alimentos correctos en cantidades adecuadas en los momentos apropiados . ¿Qué alimentos debo consumir si tengo diabetes? Comer los alimentos adecuados para la diabetes significa consumir una variedad de alimentos saludables de todos los grupos alimenticios: Frutas y vegetales Granos integrales como trigo integral, arroz integral, cebada, quinua y avena Proteínas , como carnes magras, pollo, pavo, pescado, huevos, nueces, frijoles, lentejas y tofu Productos lácteos descremados o bajos en grasa como leche, yogur y queso ¿Qué alimentos debo limitar para controlar mi nivel de glucosa en sangre? Para mantener su nivel de glucosa en sangre bajo control, es posible que deba reducir el consumo de ciertos alimentos y bebidas con alto contenido de carbohidratos. Esto no significa que nunca pueda disfrutarlos. Pero necesitará consumirlos con menos frecuencia o en porciones más pequeñas. Los alimentos y bebidas que debe limitar incluyen: Alimentos y bebidas ricos en carbohidratos , como: Alimentos azucarados como dulces, galletas, pasteles, helados, cereales endulzados y frutas enlatadas con azúcar agregada Bebidas con azúcares añadidos, como jugos, refrescos regulares y bebidas deportivas


con menos frecuencia o en porciones más pequeñas. Los alimentos y bebidas que debe limitar incluyen: Alimentos y bebidas ricos en carbohidratos , como: Alimentos azucarados como dulces, galletas, pasteles, helados, cereales endulzados y frutas enlatadas con azúcar agregada Bebidas con azúcares añadidos, como jugos, refrescos regulares y bebidas deportivas o energéticas regulares Arroz blanco, tortillas, panes y pastas, especialmente los elaborados con harina blanca Verduras con almidón, como papas blancas, maíz y guisantes Alimentos fritos y otros productos con alto contenido de grasas saturadas y trans Alimentos altos en sodio (sal) Alcohol : Si bebe, debe hacerlo con moderación. Esto significa no más de una bebida estándar al día si es mujer o dos bebidas estándar al día si es hombre ¿Qué más debo saber sobre las dietas para diabéticos? Si tiene diabetes, es importante consumir la cantidad adecuada de alimentos todos los días. Su plan de alimentación incluirá cuánto comer, de modo que obtenga la cantidad recomendada de carbohidratos en cada comida o refrigerio. Aprenderá a contar carbohidratos y medir su comida. También es importante comer en el momento adecuado. Deberá planificar comidas regulares y equilibradas para evitar niveles de glucosa en la sangre que son demasiado altos o demasiado bajos para usted. Puede ayudar consumir cerca de la misma cantidad de carbohidratos en cada comida. Su plan de alimentación también le enseñará cómo ceñirse a su plan en casa y cuando salga a comer. Comer sano para controlar la glucosa en sangre requiere cierto esfuerzo. Pero la recompensa es la oportunidad de vivir una vida más saludable con diabetes. NIH: Instituto Nacional de Diabetes y Enfermedades Digestivas y del Riñón


Una dieta vegetariana se enfoca a la alimentación con verduras. Esto incluye frutas, verduras, guisantes y alubias secas, granos, semillas y nueces. No existe un único tipo de dieta vegetariana. Los modelos de alimentación vegetariana suelen entrar en uno de los siguientes grupos: La dieta vegetariana estricta, que excluye todas las carnes y productos animales La dieta lacto vegetariana, que incluye alimentos derivados de las plantas y productos lácteos La dieta lacto-ovo vegetariana, que incluye productos lácteos y huevos Las personas que siguen dietas vegetarianas pueden obtener todos los nutrientes que necesitan. Sin embargo, deben tener cuidado de comer una amplia variedad de alimentos para cubrir sus necesidades nutricionales. Los nutrientes vegetarianos deben enfocarse en incluir proteínas , hierro , calcio , zinc y vitamina B12 . Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos


Fat is a type of nutrient. You need some fat in your diet but not too much. Fats give you energy and help your body absorb vitamins. Dietary fat also plays a major role in your cholesterol levels . But not all fats are the same. You should try to avoid: Saturated fats such as butter, solid shortening, and lard Trans fats. These are found in vegetable shortenings, some margarines, crackers, cookies, snack foods, and other foods made with or fried in partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs). By 2018, most U.S. companies will not be allowed to add PHOs to food. Try to replace them with oils such as canola, olive, safflower, sesame, or sunflower. Of course, eating too much fat will put on the pounds. Fat has twice as many calories as proteins or carbohydrates. NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute


Fiber is a substance in plants. Dietary fiber is the kind you eat. It's a type of carbohydrate . You may also see it listed on a food label as soluble fiber or insoluble fiber. Both types have important health benefits. Good sources of dietary fiber include: Whole grains Nuts and seeds Fruit and vegetables Dietary fiber adds bulk to your diet and makes you feel full faster, helping you control your weight. It helps digestion and helps prevent constipation . Most Americans don't eat enough dietary fiber. But add it to your diet slowly. Increasing dietary fiber too quickly can lead to gas , bloating, and cramps. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention


Protein is in every cell in the body. Our bodies need protein from the foods we eat to build and maintain bones, muscles and skin. We get proteins in our diet from meat, dairy products, nuts, and certain grains and beans. Proteins from meat and other animal products are complete proteins. This means they supply all of the amino acids the body can't make on its own. Most plant proteins are incomplete. You should eat different types of plant proteins every day to get all of the amino acids your body needs. It is important to get enough dietary protein. You need to eat protein every day, because your body doesn't store it the way it stores fats or carbohydrates. How much you need depends on your age, sex, health, and level of physical activity. Most Americans eat enough protein in their diet.


Dietary supplements are vitamins , minerals , herbs , and many other products. They can come as pills, capsules, powders, drinks, and energy bars. Supplements do not have to go through the testing that drugs do. Some supplements can play an important role in health. For example, calcium and vitamin D are important for keeping bones strong. Pregnant women can take the vitamin folic acid to prevent certain birth defects in their babies. To take a supplement as safely as possible: Tell your health care provider about any dietary supplements you use Do not take a bigger dose than the label recommends Check with your health care provider about the supplements you take if you are going to have any type of surgery Read trustworthy information about the supplement NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements


Si usted tiene sobrepeso u obesidad , perder peso puede mejorar su salud. También podría ayudar a prevenir las enfermedades relacionadas con el peso, tales como enfermedades del corazón, diabetes, artritis y algunos tipos de cáncer. Una dieta saludable es una parte importante de un plan para perder peso. Esto: Puede incluir frutas, vegetales, granos enteros y leche y productos lácteos descremados o con poca grasa Puede incluir carnes magras, pollo, pescado, frijoles, huevos y nueces Incluye un bajo consumo de grasas saturadas, grasas trans, colesterol, sal (sodio) y azúcares añadidos La clave para perder peso es quemar más calorías de las que come y bebe. Una dieta puede ayudar a lograrlo a través del control de las porciones. Hay muchos tipos diferentes de dietas. Algunas, como la dieta mediterránea, describen una forma tradicional de comer de una región específica. Otras, como el plan de alimentación DASH o la dieta para bajar el colesterol , fueron diseñadas para personas que tienen ciertos problemas de salud, pero también pueden ayudar a perder peso. También hay dietas de moda o de choque que restringen bastante las calorías o los tipos de alimentos que permiten comer. Pueden sonar prometedoras pero rara vez conducen a una pérdida de peso permanente. También pueden no proporcionar todos los nutrientes que su cuerpo necesita. Además de una dieta, añadir el ejercicio a su vida diaria puede ayudarle a perder peso. NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales


If you are overweight or have obesity , losing weight can improve your health. It might also help you prevent weight-related diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis and some cancers. A healthy diet is an important part of a weight-loss program. It: May include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products May include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs and nuts Goes easy on saturated fats, trans fat, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars The key to losing weight is to burn more calories than you eat and drink. A diet can help you to do this through portion control. There are many different types of diets. Some, like the Mediterranean diet, describe a traditional way of eating from a specific region. Others, like the DASH eating plan or a diet to lower cholesterol , were designed for people who have certain health problems. But they may also help you to lose weight. There are also fad or crash diets that severely restrict calories or the types of food you are allowed to eat. They may sound promising, but they rarely lead to permanent weight loss. They also may not provide all of the nutrients your body needs. In addition to a diet, adding exercise into your daily life can help you to lose weight. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


La difteria es una infección bacteriana grave. Se puede contraer de la tos o estornudo de una persona infectada. También se puede infectar al entrar en contacto con un objeto, como un juguete, contaminado con la bacteria. La difteria usualmente afecta la nariz y la garganta. Los síntomas incluyen: Dolor de garganta Ganglios inflamados en el cuello Fiebre Debilidad El médico la diagnostica en base a signos y síntomas y una prueba de laboratorio. Tratarse rápidamente la difteria es importante. Si su médico sospecha que usted la tiene, comenzará el tratamiento antes que las pruebas de laboratorio confirmen la infección. El tratamiento es con antibióticos. La vacuna contra el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina (DPT, por sus siglas en inglés) puede prevenir la difteria, pero su protección no dura para siempre. Los niños necesitan otras dosis o refuerzos alrededor de los 12 años. Los adultos deben recibir una dosis de refuerzo cada 10 años. La difteria es muy poco frecuente en los Estados Unidos gracias a la vacuna. Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades


When you eat, your body breaks food down to a form it can use to build and nourish cells and provide energy. This process is called digestion. Your digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube. It runs from your mouth to your anus and includes your esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Your liver, gallbladder and pancreas are also involved. They produce juices to help digestion. There are many types of digestive disorders. The symptoms vary widely depending on the problem. In general, you should see your doctor if you have: Blood in your stool Changes in bowel habits Severe abdominal pain Unintentional weight loss Heartburn not relieved by antacids NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection. You can catch it from a person who has the infection and coughs or sneezes. You can also get infected by coming in contact with an object, such as a toy, that has bacteria on it. Diphtheria usually affects the nose and throat. Symptoms include: Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Fever Weakness Your doctor will diagnose it based on your signs and symptoms and a lab test. Getting treatment for diphtheria quickly is important. If your doctor suspects that you have it, you'll start treatment before the lab tests come back. Treatment is with antibiotics. The diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine can prevent diphtheria, but its protection does not last forever. Children need another dose, or booster, at about age 12. Then, as adults, they should get a booster every 10 years. Diphtheria is very rare in the United States because of the vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention


¿Qué tipo de atención médica quisiera recibir si estuviera demasiado enfermo o lesionado para expresar su voluntad? Las instrucciones médicas por adelantado son documentos legales que le permiten transmitir antes de tiempo sus decisiones acerca de los cuidados en el final de la vida . Son una forma de comunicar sus deseos a su familia, amigos y profesionales de la salud y evitar confusiones más tarde. Un testamento en vida indica qué tratamientos usted quisiera recibir si tuviera una enfermedad mortal y estuviera en estado de inconsciencia permanente. Usted puede aceptar o rechazar atención médica. Estos son algunos tipos de directivas: Uso de aparatos de diálisis y respiradores Si desea que lo resuciten en caso de tener un paro cardíaco o respiratorio Alimentación por sonda Donación de sus órganos o tejidos Un poder legal duradero para el cuidado de la salud es un documento que nombra a su apoderado para su atención médica. El apoderado es una persona en la que usted confía para tomar las decisiones de su atención médica en caso de que usted no pueda hacerlo. NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer


What are disabilities? A disability is any condition of your body or mind that makes it more difficult for you to do one or more major life activities and interact with the world around you. There are many types of disabilities, such as those that can affect your: Vision Hearing Movement Thinking Remembering Learning Communicating Development Mental health Social relationships More than 1 in 4 adults in the United States have some type of disability. Even though they all have disabilities, they can have a wide range of needs. For example, even people who have same type of disability can be affected in very different ways. Also, some disabilities are "visible" (easy to see), for example when someone is in a wheelchair. But other disabilities are "invisible" (hidden or not easy to see), such as problems with hearing, thinking, or learning. What causes disabilities? Disabilities can have different causes. Some disabilities are present at birth, while others may happen later in life. Causes of disabilities that are present at birth can include: Disorders in single genes , such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy Disorders of chromosomes, such as Down syndrome Exposures (before birth) to infections or substances , such as drugs, alcohol, or cigarettes Causes of disabilities that happen later in life can include: Injuries, such as spinal cord injuries , traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), and back injuries Chronic (long-lasting) diseases, such as diabetes , heart disease , kidney disease , COPD , and arthritis Cancer Mental health problems Stroke Alzheimer's disease and other causes of dementia How can disabilities affect your health? Having a disability does not mean a person cannot be healthy. In fact, many people with disabilities report that their health as good or better. But they may have or be at risk of health problems related to