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app.py
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"""
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groundlens — Geometric LLM Hallucination Detection
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Live demo comparing groundlens (embedding geometry) against
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Vectara HHEM-2.1-Open (fine-tuned flan-T5 classifier).
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Uses the groundlens library directly — same code as `pip install groundlens`.
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Architecture: flat, sequential, no classes. Models load once at module level
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to eliminate cold-start timeout when the Space wakes from sleep.
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"""
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import logging
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import time
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import gradio as gr
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from groundlens import compute_sgi, compute_dgi
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logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# HHEM-2.1-Open — baseline comparison
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# Uses AutoModelForSequenceClassification with custom .predict().
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# Input: List[Tuple[str, str]] — model handles flan-T5 template internally.
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# Output: float per pair, 0.0 = hallucinated, 1.0 = consistent.
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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logger.info("Loading HHEM-2.1-Open (vectara/hallucination_evaluation_model)...")
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from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification
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_hhem = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
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"vectara/hallucination_evaluation_model",
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trust_remote_code=True,
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)
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logger.info("HHEM loaded.")
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# SCORING — groundlens (SGI / DGI)
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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def score_groundlens(question: str, response: str, context: str) -> dict:
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start = time.perf_counter()
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has_context = bool(context.strip())
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if has_context:
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result = compute_sgi(
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question=question,
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context=context,
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response=response,
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)
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method = "SGI"
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raw_score = result.value
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grounded = not result.flagged
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threshold = 0.95
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detail = (
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f"dist(response, question) = {result.q_dist:.4f}\n"
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f"dist(response, context) = {result.ctx_dist:.4f}"
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)
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mode_note = (
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"*One embedding model, one geometric ratio. "
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"No model inference for evaluation.*"
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)
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else:
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result = compute_dgi(
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question=question,
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response=response,
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)
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method = "DGI"
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raw_score = result.value
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grounded = not result.flagged
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threshold = 0.30
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detail = ""
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mode_note = (
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"*Measuring displacement alignment against "
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"grounded reference direction.*"
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)
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elapsed_ms = (time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000
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return {
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"method": method,
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"raw_score": round(raw_score, 4),
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"grounded": grounded,
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"threshold": threshold,
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"elapsed_ms": round(elapsed_ms, 1),
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"explanation": result.explanation,
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"detail": detail,
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"mode_note": mode_note,
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}
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# SCORING — HHEM-2.1-Open (baseline)
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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def score_hhem(question: str, response: str, context: str) -> dict:
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has_context = bool(context.strip())
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premise = (
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f"{context.strip()}\n\n{question}".strip()
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if has_context
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else question
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)
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# T5 max is ~512 tokens — truncate premise to safe char limit
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if len(premise) > 1800:
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premise = premise[:1800]
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start = time.perf_counter()
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scores = _hhem.predict([(premise, response)])
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raw_score = float(scores[0])
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elapsed_ms = (time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000
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return {
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"method": "HHEM-2.1-Open",
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"raw_score": round(raw_score, 4),
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"grounded": raw_score >= 0.5,
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"elapsed_ms": round(elapsed_ms, 1),
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"label": "consistent" if raw_score >= 0.5 else "hallucinated",
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}
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# ───────────────────────────────────────────���─────────────────────────────────
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# COMPARISON — called by Gradio on every submission
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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def run_comparison(
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question: str, context: str, response: str
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) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
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if not question.strip():
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return "Provide a question.", "", ""
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if not response.strip():
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return "Provide a response to evaluate.", "", ""
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gl = score_groundlens(question, response, context)
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hhem = score_hhem(question, response, context)
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# groundlens result
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gl_verdict = (
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"🟢 Not hallucinated" if gl["grounded"]
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else "🔴 Hallucinated"
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)
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gl_md = f"""**{gl_verdict}**
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|---|---|
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| Method | `{gl["method"]}` |
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| Score | `{gl["raw_score"]}` |
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| Threshold | `{gl["threshold"]}` |
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| Latency | `{gl["elapsed_ms"]} ms` |
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{gl["mode_note"]}"""
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# HHEM result
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hhem_verdict = (
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"🟢 Not hallucinated" if hhem["grounded"]
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else "🔴 Hallucinated"
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)
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hhem_md = f"""**{hhem_verdict}**
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|---|---|
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| Method | `{hhem["method"]}` |
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| Score | `{hhem["raw_score"]}` |
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| Label | `{hhem["label"]}` |
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| Latency | `{hhem["elapsed_ms"]} ms` |
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*flan-T5 classifier. Full model inference per call.*"""
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# Agreement
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agree = gl["grounded"] == hhem["grounded"]
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if agree:
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agreement_md = "🔵 **Both methods agree.**"
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else:
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agreement_md = """🟠 **Methods disagree.**
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groundlens uses geometric displacement in embedding space.
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HHEM uses a learned classifier (fine-tuned flan-T5).
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Disagreement often surfaces **Type III hallucinations** — factual errors
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within the correct semantic frame. Embedding geometry cannot detect
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these: the response occupies the right region of the space but gets
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the facts wrong. See the
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[hallucination taxonomy](https://docs.groundlens.dev/theory/hallucination-taxonomy/)
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for details."""
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return gl_md, hhem_md, agreement_md
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# EXAMPLES
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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EXAMPLES = [
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[
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"What does the water damage policy cover?",
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"Coverage includes burst pipes and sudden appliance failure up to "
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"$50,000. Flood damage requires a separate NFIP policy. "
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"Deductible is $1,500 per occurrence.",
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"The policy covers burst pipes and sudden appliance failure up to "
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"$50,000 per occurrence, with a $1,500 deductible.",
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],
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[
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"What does the water damage policy cover?",
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"Coverage includes burst pipes and sudden appliance failure up to "
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"$50,000. Flood damage requires a separate NFIP policy. "
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"Deductible is $1,500 per occurrence.",
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"The policy covers all water damage including floods "
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"with no deductible required.",
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],
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[
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"What causes seasons on Earth?",
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"",
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"Seasons are caused by Earth's 23.5-degree axial tilt, which "
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"changes how directly sunlight hits each hemisphere.",
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],
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[
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"What causes seasons on Earth?",
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"",
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"Seasons are regulated by the Atmospheric Regulation Committee, "
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"a UN body established in 1952 that adjusts global temperature "
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"through orbital satellites.",
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],
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]
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# CUSTOM THEME — dark, matching groundlens.dev
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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theme = gr.themes.Base(
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primary_hue=gr.themes.Color(
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c50="#fff7ed",
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c100="#ffedd5",
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c200="#fed7aa",
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c300="#fdba74",
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c400="#fb923c",
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c500="#fc7604", # groundlens orange
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c600="#ea580c",
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c700="#c2410c",
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c800="#9a3412",
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c900="#7c2d12",
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c950="#431407",
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),
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secondary_hue="slate",
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neutral_hue="slate",
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font=gr.themes.GoogleFont("Inter"),
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font_mono=gr.themes.GoogleFont("JetBrains Mono"),
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).set(
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body_background_fill="#0a0a0a",
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body_background_fill_dark="#0a0a0a",
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body_text_color="#e2e8f0",
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body_text_color_dark="#e2e8f0",
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block_background_fill="#141414",
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block_background_fill_dark="#141414",
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block_border_color="#1e293b",
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block_border_color_dark="#1e293b",
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block_label_text_color="#94a3b8",
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block_label_text_color_dark="#94a3b8",
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block_title_text_color="#e2e8f0",
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block_title_text_color_dark="#e2e8f0",
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input_background_fill="#1e1e1e",
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input_background_fill_dark="#1e1e1e",
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input_border_color="#334155",
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input_border_color_dark="#334155",
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input_placeholder_color="#64748b",
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input_placeholder_color_dark="#64748b",
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button_primary_background_fill="#fc7604",
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button_primary_background_fill_dark="#fc7604",
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button_primary_background_fill_hover="#fb923c",
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button_primary_background_fill_hover_dark="#fb923c",
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button_primary_text_color="#0a0a0a",
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button_primary_text_color_dark="#0a0a0a",
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border_color_primary="#fc7604",
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border_color_primary_dark="#fc7604",
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)
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# INTERFACE
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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css = """
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.gradio-container { max-width: 960px !important; }
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h1 { color: #fc7604 !important; font-weight: 700 !important; }
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h3 { color: #94a3b8 !important; font-weight: 400 !important; }
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a { color: #fd9a42 !important; }
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a:hover { color: #fec08a !important; }
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"""
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with gr.Blocks(
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title="groundlens — Hallucination Detection Demo",
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theme=theme,
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css=css,
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) as demo:
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gr.Markdown("""
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# groundlens
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### Geometric LLM hallucination detection — benchmarked against Vectara HHEM-2.1-Open
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**With context (RAG)** — SGI measures whether the response engaged with
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the source document. Computed as `dist(response, question) / dist(response, context)`.
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No model inference for evaluation — one embedding, one ratio.
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**Without context** — DGI measures whether the response displacement
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aligns with the mean displacement of verified grounded pairs.
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[GitHub](https://github.com/groundlens-dev/groundlens) ·
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[Documentation](https://docs.groundlens.dev) ·
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[PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/groundlens/) ·
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[SGI paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13771) ·
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[Taxonomy paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.13224v3) ·
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[Mechanistic paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13259)
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""")
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with gr.Row():
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with gr.Column():
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q_in = gr.Textbox(
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label="Question",
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placeholder="What does the policy cover for water damage?",
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lines=2,
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)
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ctx_in = gr.Textbox(
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label="Context (optional — leave blank for DGI mode)",
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placeholder="Paste source document or retrieved chunks here.",
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lines=5,
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)
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r_in = gr.Textbox(
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label="LLM Response",
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placeholder="The model response to evaluate.",
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lines=4,
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)
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run_btn = gr.Button("Evaluate", variant="primary")
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with gr.Row():
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gl_out = gr.Markdown(label="groundlens")
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hhem_out = gr.Markdown(label="HHEM-2.1-Open")
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agreement_out = gr.Markdown(label="Agreement")
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gr.Examples(
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examples=EXAMPLES,
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inputs=[q_in, ctx_in, r_in],
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label="Examples",
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)
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gr.Markdown("""
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---
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*groundlens is MIT-licensed. Built by [Javier Marin](https://jmarin.info).
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This demo uses the same `groundlens` library available via `pip install groundlens`.*
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""")
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run_btn.click(
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fn=run_comparison,
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inputs=[q_in, ctx_in, r_in],
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outputs=[gl_out, hhem_out, agreement_out],
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)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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demo.launch()
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