Response: I'm meeting a friend I haven't seen in years and I'm nervous it will be awkward. What can I do?

Response: I'm meeting a friend I haven't seen in years and I'm nervous it will be awkward. What can I do?

Response: I'm so sorry to hear that! Being comfortable and relaxed around people you care about is so important, and I want to help. I would recommend practicing mindfulness and self-compassion. Try giving yourself some kindness, and noticing whatever thoughts and feelings come up, including any worries or fears. Be willing to feel and process any feelings that arise and don't hold yourself to an unrealistic goal or expectation of how things should be or how you should be feeling. Practice deep, slow breathing and stay present in the moment, reminding yourself that this is just one moment and it will pass. Make an effort to stay in this moment, and reach out to your friend in a relaxed and friendly way. It can also be helpful to keep an open mind and give your friend the benefit of the doubt, trust that things will go well, and treat this person kindly as you reconnect. I hope this helps, and good luck! Please feel free to reach out again anytime.

Response: I'm meeting a friend I haven't seen in years and I'm nervous it will be awkward. What can I do?

Response: I'm so sorry to hear that! Being comfortable and relaxed around people you care about is so important, and I want to help. I would recommend practicing mindfulness and self-compassion. Try giving yourself some kindness, and noticing whatever thoughts and feelings come up, including any worries or fears. Be willing to feel and process any feelings that arise and don't hold yourself to an unrealistic goal or expectation of how things should be or how you should be feeling. Practice deep, slow breathing and stay present in the moment, reminding yourself that this is just one moment and it will pass. Make an effort to stay in this moment, and reach out to your friend in a relaxed and friendly way. It can also be helpful to keep an open mind and give your friend the benefit of the doubt, trust that things will go well, and treat this person kindly as you reconnect. I hope this helps, and good luck! Please feel free to reach out again anytime.

Response: Okay, what are some things I can talk about?

Response: I'm meeting a friend I haven't seen in years and I'm nervous it will be awkward. What can I do?

Response: I'm so sorry to hear that! Being comfortable and relaxed around people you care about is so important, and I want to help. I would recommend practicing mindfulness and self-compassion. Try giving yourself some kindness, and noticing whatever thoughts and feelings come up, including any worries or fears. Be willing to feel and process any feelings that arise and don't hold yourself to an unrealistic goal or expectation of how things should be or how you should be feeling. Practice deep, slow breathing and stay present in the moment, reminding yourself that this is just one moment and it will pass. Make an effort to stay in this moment, and reach out to your friend in a relaxed and friendly way. It can also be helpful to keep an open mind and give your friend the benefit of the doubt, trust that things will go well, and treat this person kindly as you reconnect. I hope this helps, and good luck! Please feel free to reach out again anytime.

Response: Okay, what are some things I can talk about?

Response: Glad you asked! In many ways, making conversation is a matter of who you are meeting and what you have in common. Here are a few things you might enjoy discussing with your friend: common interests, such as music, sports, current events, hobbies, work, family, or travel; memories of past shared experiences; or broader topics in politics, the arts, culture, or technology. For example, you might discuss your favorite bands and albums, discuss shared memories of past vacations or activities together, or talk about the latest local or global news. You can also talk about more personal topics that are close to your heart, like your work, interests, hobbies, or values. Of course, I am always here to help with conversation too, so please feel free to ask me about anything you like and I would be happy to offer some ideas or share thoughts and answers. I hope you have fun with this conversation!

Response: I'm meeting a friend I haven't seen in years and I'm nervous it will be awkward. What can I do?

Response: I'm so sorry to hear that! Being comfortable and relaxed around people you care about is so important, and I want to help. I would recommend practicing mindfulness and self-compassion. Try giving yourself some kindness, and noticing whatever thoughts and feelings come up, including any worries or fears. Be willing to feel and process any feelings that arise and don't hold yourself to an unrealistic goal or expectation of how things should be or how you should be feeling. Practice deep, slow breathing and stay present in the moment, reminding yourself that this is just one moment and it will pass. Make an effort to stay in this moment, and reach out to your friend in a relaxed and friendly way. It can also be helpful to keep an open mind and give your friend the benefit of the doubt, trust that things will go well, and treat this person kindly as you reconnect. I hope this helps, and good luck! Please feel free to reach out again anytime.

Response: Okay, what are some things I can talk about?

Response: Glad you asked! In many ways, making conversation is a matter of who you are meeting and what you have in common. Here are a few things you might enjoy discussing with your friend: common interests, such as music, sports, current events, hobbies, work, family, or travel; memories of past shared experiences; or broader topics in politics, the arts, culture, or technology. For example, you might discuss your favorite bands and albums, discuss shared memories of past vacations or activities together, or talk about the latest local or global news. You can also talk about more personal topics that are close to your heart, like your work, interests, hobbies, or values. Of course, I am always here to help with conversation too, so please feel free to ask me about anything you like and I would be happy to offer some ideas or share thoughts and answers. I hope you have fun with this conversation!

Response: I don't think politics are wise to talk about with someone I haven't seen in a long time.

Response: I'm meeting a friend I haven't seen in years and I'm nervous it will be awkward. What can I do?

Response: I'm so sorry to hear that! Being comfortable and relaxed around people you care about is so important, and I want to help. I would recommend practicing mindfulness and self-compassion. Try giving yourself some kindness, and noticing whatever thoughts and feelings come up, including any worries or fears. Be willing to feel and process any feelings that arise and don't hold yourself to an unrealistic goal or expectation of how things should be or how you should be feeling. Practice deep, slow breathing and stay present in the moment, reminding yourself that this is just one moment and it will pass. Make an effort to stay in this moment, and reach out to your friend in a relaxed and friendly way. It can also be helpful to keep an open mind and give your friend the benefit of the doubt, trust that things will go well, and treat this person kindly as you reconnect. I hope this helps, and good luck! Please feel free to reach out again anytime.

Response: Okay, what are some things I can talk about?

Response: Glad you asked! In many ways, making conversation is a matter of who you are meeting and what you have in common. Here are a few things you might enjoy discussing with your friend: common interests, such as music, sports, current events, hobbies, work, family, or travel; memories of past shared experiences; or broader topics in politics, the arts, culture, or technology. For example, you might discuss your favorite bands and albums, discuss shared memories of past vacations or activities together, or talk about the latest local or global news. You can also talk about more personal topics that are close to your heart, like your work, interests, hobbies, or values. Of course, I am always here to help with conversation too, so please feel free to ask me about anything you like and I would be happy to offer some ideas or share thoughts and answers. I hope you have fun with this conversation!

Response: I don't think politics are wise to talk about with someone I haven't seen in a long time.

Response: That is understandable, and an excellent and respectful choice! Politics and political opinions can be a very sensitive topic. It is far better to establish a friendly atmosphere and good connection by keeping the conversation open and positive, and focusing on shared personal topics and interests. Rekindling a friendship and getting to know someone again is best done in a relaxed and enjoyable way, both in terms of social behavior and in terms of content of conversation. I very much agree that deep friendships and connections are worth more than any particular political perspective or affiliation, and I am delighted that you are seeking a friendly and positive reunion. I sincerely wish you and your friend a successful conversation, and hope you have a great time!


Response: How much of the universe has been explored by us?

Response: How much of the universe has been explored by us?

Response: The universe is huge, and our discoveries of new astronomical objects and phenomena are ongoing. The most distant and therefore the most recently discovered objects are flying away from us very quickly, with a huge portion of the universe not yet explored, so we can expect to keep discovering new objects for many years to come. However, 95% of the observable universe is currently known, which is quite a large amount already. Most of this area has been observed using “optical extinction”, where astronomical objects are more easily seen by light that has passed through the planet’s atmosphere. Another form of light observation (“radio”) has been used to view more remote objects, and it provides a glimpse of the 10% of the universe that is not yet visible by optical light.”

Response: How much of the universe has been explored by us?

Response: The universe is huge, and our discoveries of new astronomical objects and phenomena are ongoing. The most distant and therefore the most recently discovered objects are flying away from us very quickly, with a huge portion of the universe not yet explored, so we can expect to keep discovering new objects for many years to come. However, 95% of the observable universe is currently known, which is quite a large amount already. Most of this area has been observed using “optical extinction”, where astronomical objects are more easily seen by light that has passed through the planet’s atmosphere. Another form of light observation (“radio”) has been used to view more remote objects, and it provides a glimpse of the 10% of the universe that is not yet visible by optical light.”

Response: How are we able to view the universe right now?

Response: How much of the universe has been explored by us?

Response: The universe is huge, and our discoveries of new astronomical objects and phenomena are ongoing. The most distant and therefore the most recently discovered objects are flying away from us very quickly, with a huge portion of the universe not yet explored, so we can expect to keep discovering new objects for many years to come. However, 95% of the observable universe is currently known, which is quite a large amount already. Most of this area has been observed using “optical extinction”, where astronomical objects are more easily seen by light that has passed through the planet’s atmosphere. Another form of light observation (“radio”) has been used to view more remote objects, and it provides a glimpse of the 10% of the universe that is not yet visible by optical light.”

Response: How are we able to view the universe right now?

Response: The first telescopes we invented for astronomical observation were created using refracting telescopes, which are not completely capable of allowing us to see the full visible universe. However, reflecting telescopes came later in human history and provide a more precise and detailed view of the distant universe. Some of these telescopes are currently being used, e.g., the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which uses X-ray radiation to detect areas of the universe that are obscured by other wavelengths. A technological breakthrough in the late 20th century was the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, which is orbiting the earth and has very high levels if precision and resolution in its images of sky.   Spectroscopy is a very useful technique for the study of the universe, where light that passes through a telescope is broken into its component wavelengths. The spectroscope is a science instrument that detects the existence of specific wavelengths in light from stars, planets, space dust, and other astronomical objects. These wavelengths can be used to determine various properties of the observed object, such as its temperature, mass, and age.

Response: How much of the universe has been explored by us?

Response: The universe is huge, and our discoveries of new astronomical objects and phenomena are ongoing. The most distant and therefore the most recently discovered objects are flying away from us very quickly, with a huge portion of the universe not yet explored, so we can expect to keep discovering new objects for many years to come. However, 95% of the observable universe is currently known, which is quite a large amount already. Most of this area has been observed using “optical extinction”, where astronomical objects are more easily seen by light that has passed through the planet’s atmosphere. Another form of light observation (“radio”) has been used to view more remote objects, and it provides a glimpse of the 10% of the universe that is not yet visible by optical light.”

Response: How are we able to view the universe right now?

Response: The first telescopes we invented for astronomical observation were created using refracting telescopes, which are not completely capable of allowing us to see the full visible universe. However, reflecting telescopes came later in human history and provide a more precise and detailed view of the distant universe. Some of these telescopes are currently being used, e.g., the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which uses X-ray radiation to detect areas of the universe that are obscured by other wavelengths. A technological breakthrough in the late 20th century was the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, which is orbiting the earth and has very high levels if precision and resolution in its images of sky.   Spectroscopy is a very useful technique for the study of the universe, where light that passes through a telescope is broken into its component wavelengths. The spectroscope is a science instrument that detects the existence of specific wavelengths in light from stars, planets, space dust, and other astronomical objects. These wavelengths can be used to determine various properties of the observed object, such as its temperature, mass, and age.

Response: I heard there's a telescope that can take pictures of the beginning of the universe.

Response: How much of the universe has been explored by us?

Response: The universe is huge, and our discoveries of new astronomical objects and phenomena are ongoing. The most distant and therefore the most recently discovered objects are flying away from us very quickly, with a huge portion of the universe not yet explored, so we can expect to keep discovering new objects for many years to come. However, 95% of the observable universe is currently known, which is quite a large amount already. Most of this area has been observed using “optical extinction”, where astronomical objects are more easily seen by light that has passed through the planet’s atmosphere. Another form of light observation (“radio”) has been used to view more remote objects, and it provides a glimpse of the 10% of the universe that is not yet visible by optical light.”

Response: How are we able to view the universe right now?

Response: The first telescopes we invented for astronomical observation were created using refracting telescopes, which are not completely capable of allowing us to see the full visible universe. However, reflecting telescopes came later in human history and provide a more precise and detailed view of the distant universe. Some of these telescopes are currently being used, e.g., the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which uses X-ray radiation to detect areas of the universe that are obscured by other wavelengths. A technological breakthrough in the late 20th century was the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, which is orbiting the earth and has very high levels if precision and resolution in its images of sky.   Spectroscopy is a very useful technique for the study of the universe, where light that passes through a telescope is broken into its component wavelengths. The spectroscope is a science instrument that detects the existence of specific wavelengths in light from stars, planets, space dust, and other astronomical objects. These wavelengths can be used to determine various properties of the observed object, such as its temperature, mass, and age.

Response: I heard there's a telescope that can take pictures of the beginning of the universe.

Response: Scientific research has shown that a type of radiation known as “cosmic microwave background radiation” exists everywhere in the universe and can be measured by optical telescopes. This radiation is believed to be the remnant of the Big Bang, which is a scientific theory about the origin of the universe.   One of the most powerful telescopes on earth and in space right now is the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array telescope or ALMA for short. It is the largest astronomical telescope in existence, and is located on a high, 4,000 feet altitude in Chile. ALMA has produced many discoveries about the earliest stages of the universe through its primary research area of astronomy, the study of cosmic microwave background radiation, which is radiation emitted from stars and galaxies long ago. Some of the recent discoveries made by ALMA include the existence of numerous dwarf galaxies in the early multi-billion year history of the universe, a discovery that improved the understanding of the formation of cosmic structures, and the confirmation of the presence of widespread water vapor observing our galaxy.

Response: How much of the universe has been explored by us?

Response: The universe is huge, and our discoveries of new astronomical objects and phenomena are ongoing. The most distant and therefore the most recently discovered objects are flying away from us very quickly, with a huge portion of the universe not yet explored, so we can expect to keep discovering new objects for many years to come. However, 95% of the observable universe is currently known, which is quite a large amount already. Most of this area has been observed using “optical extinction”, where astronomical objects are more easily seen by light that has passed through the planet’s atmosphere. Another form of light observation (“radio”) has been used to view more remote objects, and it provides a glimpse of the 10% of the universe that is not yet visible by optical light.”

Response: How are we able to view the universe right now?

Response: The first telescopes we invented for astronomical observation were created using refracting telescopes, which are not completely capable of allowing us to see the full visible universe. However, reflecting telescopes came later in human history and provide a more precise and detailed view of the distant universe. Some of these telescopes are currently being used, e.g., the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which uses X-ray radiation to detect areas of the universe that are obscured by other wavelengths. A technological breakthrough in the late 20th century was the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, which is orbiting the earth and has very high levels if precision and resolution in its images of sky.   Spectroscopy is a very useful technique for the study of the universe, where light that passes through a telescope is broken into its component wavelengths. The spectroscope is a science instrument that detects the existence of specific wavelengths in light from stars, planets, space dust, and other astronomical objects. These wavelengths can be used to determine various properties of the observed object, such as its temperature, mass, and age.

Response: I heard there's a telescope that can take pictures of the beginning of the universe.

Response: Scientific research has shown that a type of radiation known as “cosmic microwave background radiation” exists everywhere in the universe and can be measured by optical telescopes. This radiation is believed to be the remnant of the Big Bang, which is a scientific theory about the origin of the universe.   One of the most powerful telescopes on earth and in space right now is the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array telescope or ALMA for short. It is the largest astronomical telescope in existence, and is located on a high, 4,000 feet altitude in Chile. ALMA has produced many discoveries about the earliest stages of the universe through its primary research area of astronomy, the study of cosmic microwave background radiation, which is radiation emitted from stars and galaxies long ago. Some of the recent discoveries made by ALMA include the existence of numerous dwarf galaxies in the early multi-billion year history of the universe, a discovery that improved the understanding of the formation of cosmic structures, and the confirmation of the presence of widespread water vapor observing our galaxy.

Response: That's awesome. But what is the name of the telescope they recently put into space that can see the beginning of the universe.

Response: How much of the universe has been explored by us?

Response: The universe is huge, and our discoveries of new astronomical objects and phenomena are ongoing. The most distant and therefore the most recently discovered objects are flying away from us very quickly, with a huge portion of the universe not yet explored, so we can expect to keep discovering new objects for many years to come. However, 95% of the observable universe is currently known, which is quite a large amount already. Most of this area has been observed using “optical extinction”, where astronomical objects are more easily seen by light that has passed through the planet’s atmosphere. Another form of light observation (“radio”) has been used to view more remote objects, and it provides a glimpse of the 10% of the universe that is not yet visible by optical light.”

Response: How are we able to view the universe right now?

Response: The first telescopes we invented for astronomical observation were created using refracting telescopes, which are not completely capable of allowing us to see the full visible universe. However, reflecting telescopes came later in human history and provide a more precise and detailed view of the distant universe. Some of these telescopes are currently being used, e.g., the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which uses X-ray radiation to detect areas of the universe that are obscured by other wavelengths. A technological breakthrough in the late 20th century was the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, which is orbiting the earth and has very high levels if precision and resolution in its images of sky.   Spectroscopy is a very useful technique for the study of the universe, where light that passes through a telescope is broken into its component wavelengths. The spectroscope is a science instrument that detects the existence of specific wavelengths in light from stars, planets, space dust, and other astronomical objects. These wavelengths can be used to determine various properties of the observed object, such as its temperature, mass, and age.

Response: I heard there's a telescope that can take pictures of the beginning of the universe.

Response: Scientific research has shown that a type of radiation known as “cosmic microwave background radiation” exists everywhere in the universe and can be measured by optical telescopes. This radiation is believed to be the remnant of the Big Bang, which is a scientific theory about the origin of the universe.   One of the most powerful telescopes on earth and in space right now is the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array telescope or ALMA for short. It is the largest astronomical telescope in existence, and is located on a high, 4,000 feet altitude in Chile. ALMA has produced many discoveries about the earliest stages of the universe through its primary research area of astronomy, the study of cosmic microwave background radiation, which is radiation emitted from stars and galaxies long ago. Some of the recent discoveries made by ALMA include the existence of numerous dwarf galaxies in the early multi-billion year history of the universe, a discovery that improved the understanding of the formation of cosmic structures, and the confirmation of the presence of widespread water vapor observing our galaxy.

Response: That's awesome. But what is the name of the telescope they recently put into space that can see the beginning of the universe.

Response: While the Hubble Telescope is primarily an optical telescope that is to be located in space, it also will collect near-infrared and ultraviolet data to make observations in multiple spectra bands. The telescope was launched on April 24, 1990, and has been particularly useful for scientific research on certain regions of the universe, such as determining the age and size of Nebulae. On April 23, 2013, The European Space Agency launched its world-famous Herschel space observatory, which maps infrared radiation from star-forming galaxies to help advance understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies. The Commissioning of the space telescope, completed in November 2013, provided high-resolution images and maps of thousands of galaxies and boosted studies on black holes.

Response: How much of the universe has been explored by us?

Response: The universe is huge, and our discoveries of new astronomical objects and phenomena are ongoing. The most distant and therefore the most recently discovered objects are flying away from us very quickly, with a huge portion of the universe not yet explored, so we can expect to keep discovering new objects for many years to come. However, 95% of the observable universe is currently known, which is quite a large amount already. Most of this area has been observed using “optical extinction”, where astronomical objects are more easily seen by light that has passed through the planet’s atmosphere. Another form of light observation (“radio”) has been used to view more remote objects, and it provides a glimpse of the 10% of the universe that is not yet visible by optical light.”

Response: How are we able to view the universe right now?

Response: The first telescopes we invented for astronomical observation were created using refracting telescopes, which are not completely capable of allowing us to see the full visible universe. However, reflecting telescopes came later in human history and provide a more precise and detailed view of the distant universe. Some of these telescopes are currently being used, e.g., the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which uses X-ray radiation to detect areas of the universe that are obscured by other wavelengths. A technological breakthrough in the late 20th century was the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, which is orbiting the earth and has very high levels if precision and resolution in its images of sky.   Spectroscopy is a very useful technique for the study of the universe, where light that passes through a telescope is broken into its component wavelengths. The spectroscope is a science instrument that detects the existence of specific wavelengths in light from stars, planets, space dust, and other astronomical objects. These wavelengths can be used to determine various properties of the observed object, such as its temperature, mass, and age.

Response: I heard there's a telescope that can take pictures of the beginning of the universe.

Response: Scientific research has shown that a type of radiation known as “cosmic microwave background radiation” exists everywhere in the universe and can be measured by optical telescopes. This radiation is believed to be the remnant of the Big Bang, which is a scientific theory about the origin of the universe.   One of the most powerful telescopes on earth and in space right now is the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array telescope or ALMA for short. It is the largest astronomical telescope in existence, and is located on a high, 4,000 feet altitude in Chile. ALMA has produced many discoveries about the earliest stages of the universe through its primary research area of astronomy, the study of cosmic microwave background radiation, which is radiation emitted from stars and galaxies long ago. Some of the recent discoveries made by ALMA include the existence of numerous dwarf galaxies in the early multi-billion year history of the universe, a discovery that improved the understanding of the formation of cosmic structures, and the confirmation of the presence of widespread water vapor observing our galaxy.

Response: That's awesome. But what is the name of the telescope they recently put into space that can see the beginning of the universe.

Response: While the Hubble Telescope is primarily an optical telescope that is to be located in space, it also will collect near-infrared and ultraviolet data to make observations in multiple spectra bands. The telescope was launched on April 24, 1990, and has been particularly useful for scientific research on certain regions of the universe, such as determining the age and size of Nebulae. On April 23, 2013, The European Space Agency launched its world-famous Herschel space observatory, which maps infrared radiation from star-forming galaxies to help advance understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies. The Commissioning of the space telescope, completed in November 2013, provided high-resolution images and maps of thousands of galaxies and boosted studies on black holes.

Response: I think it's called the James Webb Space Telescope.

Response: How much of the universe has been explored by us?

Response: The universe is huge, and our discoveries of new astronomical objects and phenomena are ongoing. The most distant and therefore the most recently discovered objects are flying away from us very quickly, with a huge portion of the universe not yet explored, so we can expect to keep discovering new objects for many years to come. However, 95% of the observable universe is currently known, which is quite a large amount already. Most of this area has been observed using “optical extinction”, where astronomical objects are more easily seen by light that has passed through the planet’s atmosphere. Another form of light observation (“radio”) has been used to view more remote objects, and it provides a glimpse of the 10% of the universe that is not yet visible by optical light.”

Response: How are we able to view the universe right now?

Response: The first telescopes we invented for astronomical observation were created using refracting telescopes, which are not completely capable of allowing us to see the full visible universe. However, reflecting telescopes came later in human history and provide a more precise and detailed view of the distant universe. Some of these telescopes are currently being used, e.g., the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which uses X-ray radiation to detect areas of the universe that are obscured by other wavelengths. A technological breakthrough in the late 20th century was the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, which is orbiting the earth and has very high levels if precision and resolution in its images of sky.   Spectroscopy is a very useful technique for the study of the universe, where light that passes through a telescope is broken into its component wavelengths. The spectroscope is a science instrument that detects the existence of specific wavelengths in light from stars, planets, space dust, and other astronomical objects. These wavelengths can be used to determine various properties of the observed object, such as its temperature, mass, and age.

Response: I heard there's a telescope that can take pictures of the beginning of the universe.

Response: Scientific research has shown that a type of radiation known as “cosmic microwave background radiation” exists everywhere in the universe and can be measured by optical telescopes. This radiation is believed to be the remnant of the Big Bang, which is a scientific theory about the origin of the universe.   One of the most powerful telescopes on earth and in space right now is the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array telescope or ALMA for short. It is the largest astronomical telescope in existence, and is located on a high, 4,000 feet altitude in Chile. ALMA has produced many discoveries about the earliest stages of the universe through its primary research area of astronomy, the study of cosmic microwave background radiation, which is radiation emitted from stars and galaxies long ago. Some of the recent discoveries made by ALMA include the existence of numerous dwarf galaxies in the early multi-billion year history of the universe, a discovery that improved the understanding of the formation of cosmic structures, and the confirmation of the presence of widespread water vapor observing our galaxy.

Response: That's awesome. But what is the name of the telescope they recently put into space that can see the beginning of the universe.

Response: While the Hubble Telescope is primarily an optical telescope that is to be located in space, it also will collect near-infrared and ultraviolet data to make observations in multiple spectra bands. The telescope was launched on April 24, 1990, and has been particularly useful for scientific research on certain regions of the universe, such as determining the age and size of Nebulae. On April 23, 2013, The European Space Agency launched its world-famous Herschel space observatory, which maps infrared radiation from star-forming galaxies to help advance understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies. The Commissioning of the space telescope, completed in November 2013, provided high-resolution images and maps of thousands of galaxies and boosted studies on black holes.

Response: I think it's called the James Webb Space Telescope.

Response: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is scheduled to be launched in 2018 from Florida Space Center. The telescope will, according to scientists, "study the first light of the Universe, uncover planet formation, and explore the distant universe, using infrared light". The JWST will be able to take detailed pictures of space, using infrared light, to provide new understanding of the earliest ages of the universe. Though there are many more technical details about the JWST, the main thing you should know is that like the Hubble telescope, it offers an extensive view of space.


Response: What age range is considered "old" in 2020?

Response: What age range is considered "old" in 2020?

Response: “Old” is generally considered to be between 65 and 80, though some people might consider people over 80 to also be old. Older than 80 is usually considered very old.

Response: What age range is considered "old" in 2020?

Response: “Old” is generally considered to be between 65 and 80, though some people might consider people over 80 to also be old. Older than 80 is usually considered very old.

Response: What age range is considered "adult"?

Response: What age range is considered "old" in 2020?

Response: “Old” is generally considered to be between 65 and 80, though some people might consider people over 80 to also be old. Older than 80 is usually considered very old.

Response: What age range is considered "adult"?

Response: Adulthood is generally considered to start around the age of 18, though most people won’t be completely adult until they’re in their 20s or even early 30s.

Response: What age range is considered "old" in 2020?

Response: “Old” is generally considered to be between 65 and 80, though some people might consider people over 80 to also be old. Older than 80 is usually considered very old.

Response: What age range is considered "adult"?

Response: Adulthood is generally considered to start around the age of 18, though most people won’t be completely adult until they’re in their 20s or even early 30s.

Response: Have these age ranges and the expectations of "old" or "adulthood" changed at all over the eras?

Response: What age range is considered "old" in 2020?

Response: “Old” is generally considered to be between 65 and 80, though some people might consider people over 80 to also be old. Older than 80 is usually considered very old.

Response: What age range is considered "adult"?

Response: Adulthood is generally considered to start around the age of 18, though most people won’t be completely adult until they’re in their 20s or even early 30s.

Response: Have these age ranges and the expectations of "old" or "adulthood" changed at all over the eras?

Response: Yes, the age ranges for old age and adulthood have definitely changed over time. In the past people were considered old well before the age of 65, and adulthood only started around the age of 20-25. Now it’s the opposite -- people are considered very old at 80+, and adulthood starts around 18. But these norms are always changing, they are not set in stone.

Response: What age range is considered "old" in 2020?

Response: “Old” is generally considered to be between 65 and 80, though some people might consider people over 80 to also be old. Older than 80 is usually considered very old.

Response: What age range is considered "adult"?

Response: Adulthood is generally considered to start around the age of 18, though most people won’t be completely adult until they’re in their 20s or even early 30s.

Response: Have these age ranges and the expectations of "old" or "adulthood" changed at all over the eras?

Response: Yes, the age ranges for old age and adulthood have definitely changed over time. In the past people were considered old well before the age of 65, and adulthood only started around the age of 20-25. Now it’s the opposite -- people are considered very old at 80+, and adulthood starts around 18. But these norms are always changing, they are not set in stone.

Response: Don't you have that mixed up? Adulthood in 2020 seems to be much later than it used to be, with people getting married/having kids / "growing up" traditionally at much older ages than they used to.

Response: What age range is considered "old" in 2020?

Response: “Old” is generally considered to be between 65 and 80, though some people might consider people over 80 to also be old. Older than 80 is usually considered very old.

Response: What age range is considered "adult"?

Response: Adulthood is generally considered to start around the age of 18, though most people won’t be completely adult until they’re in their 20s or even early 30s.

Response: Have these age ranges and the expectations of "old" or "adulthood" changed at all over the eras?

Response: Yes, the age ranges for old age and adulthood have definitely changed over time. In the past people were considered old well before the age of 65, and adulthood only started around the age of 20-25. Now it’s the opposite -- people are considered very old at 80+, and adulthood starts around 18. But these norms are always changing, they are not set in stone.

Response: Don't you have that mixed up? Adulthood in 2020 seems to be much later than it used to be, with people getting married/having kids / "growing up" traditionally at much older ages than they used to.

Response: That’s true, there has been a major shift in the age range for adulthood. In the past, adulthood started much earlier -- around the age of 18 or even younger. People would get married and start having children at a much younger age. But now it seems that people are staying single and childless much longer, and often not starting a family until their 30s or even later. There has definitely been a major change in the age range for adulthood over time.


Response: What is the correct way to plan a practice for a zone defense?

Response: What is the correct way to plan a practice for a zone defense?

Response: A zone defense is a type of defensive strategy where all of the defensive players are covered, so their positions are determined by each offensive player that touches the ball.  So the defenders usually don’t stay in specific positions, but rather each defender covers a larger area of the court.  This way, if the opponents have any offensive strategy that involves trying to exploit the defensive team’s position, they’ll run into multiple defenders.    And its not just good defenders that will help create a zone defense, a team’s offensive pace is also important.  If you move the ball quickly around the court, you can often take advantage of the opportunities you have within a zone defense, and beat the defensive strategy.  On the other hand, if you move the ball slowly, it gives the defensive team more time to recover from mistakes, and to double up at your position, and thus prevent you from scoring.    Therefore, a good way to practice in a zone defense setting is to play against your teammates, and try to keep the ball moving at a decent pace.  You can even draw a circle on the court and have each person only allow the offensive team to be within the circle when they have the ball.  In this way, you’

Response: What is the correct way to plan a practice for a zone defense?

Response: A zone defense is a type of defensive strategy where all of the defensive players are covered, so their positions are determined by each offensive player that touches the ball.  So the defenders usually don’t stay in specific positions, but rather each defender covers a larger area of the court.  This way, if the opponents have any offensive strategy that involves trying to exploit the defensive team’s position, they’ll run into multiple defenders.    And its not just good defenders that will help create a zone defense, a team’s offensive pace is also important.  If you move the ball quickly around the court, you can often take advantage of the opportunities you have within a zone defense, and beat the defensive strategy.  On the other hand, if you move the ball slowly, it gives the defensive team more time to recover from mistakes, and to double up at your position, and thus prevent you from scoring.    Therefore, a good way to practice in a zone defense setting is to play against your teammates, and try to keep the ball moving at a decent pace.  You can even draw a circle on the court and have each person only allow the offensive team to be within the circle when they have the ball.  In this way, you’

Response: How do I teach a basketball team to move the ball against a zone?

Response: What is the correct way to plan a practice for a zone defense?

Response: A zone defense is a type of defensive strategy where all of the defensive players are covered, so their positions are determined by each offensive player that touches the ball.  So the defenders usually don’t stay in specific positions, but rather each defender covers a larger area of the court.  This way, if the opponents have any offensive strategy that involves trying to exploit the defensive team’s position, they’ll run into multiple defenders.    And its not just good defenders that will help create a zone defense, a team’s offensive pace is also important.  If you move the ball quickly around the court, you can often take advantage of the opportunities you have within a zone defense, and beat the defensive strategy.  On the other hand, if you move the ball slowly, it gives the defensive team more time to recover from mistakes, and to double up at your position, and thus prevent you from scoring.    Therefore, a good way to practice in a zone defense setting is to play against your teammates, and try to keep the ball moving at a decent pace.  You can even draw a circle on the court and have each person only allow the offensive team to be within the circle when they have the ball.  In this way, you’

Response: How do I teach a basketball team to move the ball against a zone?

Response: Scoring in basketball is most often best done by passing to teammates in positions where they can score easily.  For example, if you’re in an offensive zone on the perimeter, you might want to pass the ball to a teammate inside the ‘key’, where they’ll have fewer opponents to pass through to the basket.  In addition, players can often score more easily inside the key, because they can move more freely under the basket.  If a team won’t move the ball well against a zone defense, a few useful coaching strategies to help them practice include:    -   Use a structure 5-on-0 offense.  This is a point-guard / two-guard Schofield offense where all the players are on one side of the court.  This way, everyone will have the ball every time down the court, and you can focus on moving the ball against a zone.  When the offense is running properly, each play will essentially contain a ball reversal and they’ll all get the ball back every time down the court.  -   Emphasize proper spacing on the court.  This is crucial to making your offense successful.  If everyone is outside the key on the offensive end, it’s hard

Response: What is the correct way to plan a practice for a zone defense?

Response: A zone defense is a type of defensive strategy where all of the defensive players are covered, so their positions are determined by each offensive player that touches the ball.  So the defenders usually don’t stay in specific positions, but rather each defender covers a larger area of the court.  This way, if the opponents have any offensive strategy that involves trying to exploit the defensive team’s position, they’ll run into multiple defenders.    And its not just good defenders that will help create a zone defense, a team’s offensive pace is also important.  If you move the ball quickly around the court, you can often take advantage of the opportunities you have within a zone defense, and beat the defensive strategy.  On the other hand, if you move the ball slowly, it gives the defensive team more time to recover from mistakes, and to double up at your position, and thus prevent you from scoring.    Therefore, a good way to practice in a zone defense setting is to play against your teammates, and try to keep the ball moving at a decent pace.  You can even draw a circle on the court and have each person only allow the offensive team to be within the circle when they have the ball.  In this way, you’

Response: How do I teach a basketball team to move the ball against a zone?

Response: Scoring in basketball is most often best done by passing to teammates in positions where they can score easily.  For example, if you’re in an offensive zone on the perimeter, you might want to pass the ball to a teammate inside the ‘key’, where they’ll have fewer opponents to pass through to the basket.  In addition, players can often score more easily inside the key, because they can move more freely under the basket.  If a team won’t move the ball well against a zone defense, a few useful coaching strategies to help them practice include:    -   Use a structure 5-on-0 offense.  This is a point-guard / two-guard Schofield offense where all the players are on one side of the court.  This way, everyone will have the ball every time down the court, and you can focus on moving the ball against a zone.  When the offense is running properly, each play will essentially contain a ball reversal and they’ll all get the ball back every time down the court.  -   Emphasize proper spacing on the court.  This is crucial to making your offense successful.  If everyone is outside the key on the offensive end, it’s hard

Response: What is the best way to teach this to 7th graders

Response: What is the correct way to plan a practice for a zone defense?

Response: A zone defense is a type of defensive strategy where all of the defensive players are covered, so their positions are determined by each offensive player that touches the ball.  So the defenders usually don’t stay in specific positions, but rather each defender covers a larger area of the court.  This way, if the opponents have any offensive strategy that involves trying to exploit the defensive team’s position, they’ll run into multiple defenders.    And its not just good defenders that will help create a zone defense, a team’s offensive pace is also important.  If you move the ball quickly around the court, you can often take advantage of the opportunities you have within a zone defense, and beat the defensive strategy.  On the other hand, if you move the ball slowly, it gives the defensive team more time to recover from mistakes, and to double up at your position, and thus prevent you from scoring.    Therefore, a good way to practice in a zone defense setting is to play against your teammates, and try to keep the ball moving at a decent pace.  You can even draw a circle on the court and have each person only allow the offensive team to be within the circle when they have the ball.  In this way, you’

Response: How do I teach a basketball team to move the ball against a zone?

Response: Scoring in basketball is most often best done by passing to teammates in positions where they can score easily.  For example, if you’re in an offensive zone on the perimeter, you might want to pass the ball to a teammate inside the ‘key’, where they’ll have fewer opponents to pass through to the basket.  In addition, players can often score more easily inside the key, because they can move more freely under the basket.  If a team won’t move the ball well against a zone defense, a few useful coaching strategies to help them practice include:    -   Use a structure 5-on-0 offense.  This is a point-guard / two-guard Schofield offense where all the players are on one side of the court.  This way, everyone will have the ball every time down the court, and you can focus on moving the ball against a zone.  When the offense is running properly, each play will essentially contain a ball reversal and they’ll all get the ball back every time down the court.  -   Emphasize proper spacing on the court.  This is crucial to making your offense successful.  If everyone is outside the key on the offensive end, it’s hard

Response: What is the best way to teach this to 7th graders

Response: The most essential skill you should teach to 7th graders is a good shooting form.  They should strive to obtain a consistent, smooth shot which can be repeated at high percentage when they need to shoot.  In particular, since in basketball the goal is to get the highest percentage of baskets possible when you take shots, it’s critical to the team’s performance that 7th graders have the best form possible, so they can get the highest percentage of shots they take to go in.    It’s also important that 7th graders can successfully shoot long- and short-distance shots, whether in an open position or within a zone.  If they can’t do this, they may not be able to effectively score when they need it the most, which is usually when a teammate passes them the ball for a last second shot.  Not only this, but a team as a whole will be limited if some of the players can’t effectively take short and long shots.  Thus the whole team will be temporarily limited if some players are only able to take long shots.  Further, 7th graders should not only be able to take shots consistently, but they should be able to take good shots that are a good

Response: What is the correct way to plan a practice for a zone defense?

Response: A zone defense is a type of defensive strategy where all of the defensive players are covered, so their positions are determined by each offensive player that touches the ball.  So the defenders usually don’t stay in specific positions, but rather each defender covers a larger area of the court.  This way, if the opponents have any offensive strategy that involves trying to exploit the defensive team’s position, they’ll run into multiple defenders.    And its not just good defenders that will help create a zone defense, a team’s offensive pace is also important.  If you move the ball quickly around the court, you can often take advantage of the opportunities you have within a zone defense, and beat the defensive strategy.  On the other hand, if you move the ball slowly, it gives the defensive team more time to recover from mistakes, and to double up at your position, and thus prevent you from scoring.    Therefore, a good way to practice in a zone defense setting is to play against your teammates, and try to keep the ball moving at a decent pace.  You can even draw a circle on the court and have each person only allow the offensive team to be within the circle when they have the ball.  In this way, you’

Response: How do I teach a basketball team to move the ball against a zone?

Response: Scoring in basketball is most often best done by passing to teammates in positions where they can score easily.  For example, if you’re in an offensive zone on the perimeter, you might want to pass the ball to a teammate inside the ‘key’, where they’ll have fewer opponents to pass through to the basket.  In addition, players can often score more easily inside the key, because they can move more freely under the basket.  If a team won’t move the ball well against a zone defense, a few useful coaching strategies to help them practice include:    -   Use a structure 5-on-0 offense.  This is a point-guard / two-guard Schofield offense where all the players are on one side of the court.  This way, everyone will have the ball every time down the court, and you can focus on moving the ball against a zone.  When the offense is running properly, each play will essentially contain a ball reversal and they’ll all get the ball back every time down the court.  -   Emphasize proper spacing on the court.  This is crucial to making your offense successful.  If everyone is outside the key on the offensive end, it’s hard

Response: What is the best way to teach this to 7th graders

Response: The most essential skill you should teach to 7th graders is a good shooting form.  They should strive to obtain a consistent, smooth shot which can be repeated at high percentage when they need to shoot.  In particular, since in basketball the goal is to get the highest percentage of baskets possible when you take shots, it’s critical to the team’s performance that 7th graders have the best form possible, so they can get the highest percentage of shots they take to go in.    It’s also important that 7th graders can successfully shoot long- and short-distance shots, whether in an open position or within a zone.  If they can’t do this, they may not be able to effectively score when they need it the most, which is usually when a teammate passes them the ball for a last second shot.  Not only this, but a team as a whole will be limited if some of the players can’t effectively take short and long shots.  Thus the whole team will be temporarily limited if some players are only able to take long shots.  Further, 7th graders should not only be able to take shots consistently, but they should be able to take good shots that are a good

Response: What is the most important part to remember in coaching?

Response: What is the correct way to plan a practice for a zone defense?

Response: A zone defense is a type of defensive strategy where all of the defensive players are covered, so their positions are determined by each offensive player that touches the ball.  So the defenders usually don’t stay in specific positions, but rather each defender covers a larger area of the court.  This way, if the opponents have any offensive strategy that involves trying to exploit the defensive team’s position, they’ll run into multiple defenders.    And its not just good defenders that will help create a zone defense, a team’s offensive pace is also important.  If you move the ball quickly around the court, you can often take advantage of the opportunities you have within a zone defense, and beat the defensive strategy.  On the other hand, if you move the ball slowly, it gives the defensive team more time to recover from mistakes, and to double up at your position, and thus prevent you from scoring.    Therefore, a good way to practice in a zone defense setting is to play against your teammates, and try to keep the ball moving at a decent pace.  You can even draw a circle on the court and have each person only allow the offensive team to be within the circle when they have the ball.  In this way, you’

Response: How do I teach a basketball team to move the ball against a zone?

Response: Scoring in basketball is most often best done by passing to teammates in positions where they can score easily.  For example, if you’re in an offensive zone on the perimeter, you might want to pass the ball to a teammate inside the ‘key’, where they’ll have fewer opponents to pass through to the basket.  In addition, players can often score more easily inside the key, because they can move more freely under the basket.  If a team won’t move the ball well against a zone defense, a few useful coaching strategies to help them practice include:    -   Use a structure 5-on-0 offense.  This is a point-guard / two-guard Schofield offense where all the players are on one side of the court.  This way, everyone will have the ball every time down the court, and you can focus on moving the ball against a zone.  When the offense is running properly, each play will essentially contain a ball reversal and they’ll all get the ball back every time down the court.  -   Emphasize proper spacing on the court.  This is crucial to making your offense successful.  If everyone is outside the key on the offensive end, it’s hard

Response: What is the best way to teach this to 7th graders

Response: The most essential skill you should teach to 7th graders is a good shooting form.  They should strive to obtain a consistent, smooth shot which can be repeated at high percentage when they need to shoot.  In particular, since in basketball the goal is to get the highest percentage of baskets possible when you take shots, it’s critical to the team’s performance that 7th graders have the best form possible, so they can get the highest percentage of shots they take to go in.    It’s also important that 7th graders can successfully shoot long- and short-distance shots, whether in an open position or within a zone.  If they can’t do this, they may not be able to effectively score when they need it the most, which is usually when a teammate passes them the ball for a last second shot.  Not only this, but a team as a whole will be limited if some of the players can’t effectively take short and long shots.  Thus the whole team will be temporarily limited if some players are only able to take long shots.  Further, 7th graders should not only be able to take shots consistently, but they should be able to take good shots that are a good

Response: What is the most important part to remember in coaching?

Response: The most important thing for a coach to remember from a coaching perspective is that their main goal is to create and foster healthy relationships with their players that will ultimately help the players develop and play better together as a team.    Even with all the technical aspects of the game, what’s most important as a coach is developing and fostering a healthy, positive relationship with every single player and treating them with respect and dignity.  This important dynamic shouldn’t be compromised when dealing with a big hand of technical fouls, or disciplinary issues with players, or even coordinating player substitutions.  Players should feel like everyone on the team is working together to achieve a shared goal, and they’ll usually be motivated to do better if they trust the coach and feel like they’re understood.  When this positive dynamic is in place, it positively affects the entire


Response: Can you write me a story about two cars racing on the street?

Response: Can you write me a story about two cars racing on the street?

Response: Sure, I’ll do my best.  Here is a story about two cars, a blue pickup truck and a flashy red sports car, which are racing down a country highway.  The blue pickup truck is quite old and has quite an unnecessary amount of extra rust and various other dents along its exterior.  The red sports car is quite new and sleek, with perfectly polished red paint and all of the latest available luxury features.  The two cars are currently roaring down the highway together at a very high speed, challenging each other to a test of speed and acceleration.  Suddenly, the two cars appear to lose control and veer wildly off the side of the road into a nearby grassy field.

Response: Can you write me a story about two cars racing on the street?

Response: Sure, I’ll do my best.  Here is a story about two cars, a blue pickup truck and a flashy red sports car, which are racing down a country highway.  The blue pickup truck is quite old and has quite an unnecessary amount of extra rust and various other dents along its exterior.  The red sports car is quite new and sleek, with perfectly polished red paint and all of the latest available luxury features.  The two cars are currently roaring down the highway together at a very high speed, challenging each other to a test of speed and acceleration.  Suddenly, the two cars appear to lose control and veer wildly off the side of the road into a nearby grassy field.

Response: Can you change the story so that it is two fast sports car racing instead of a truck.

Response: Can you write me a story about two cars racing on the street?

Response: Sure, I’ll do my best.  Here is a story about two cars, a blue pickup truck and a flashy red sports car, which are racing down a country highway.  The blue pickup truck is quite old and has quite an unnecessary amount of extra rust and various other dents along its exterior.  The red sports car is quite new and sleek, with perfectly polished red paint and all of the latest available luxury features.  The two cars are currently roaring down the highway together at a very high speed, challenging each other to a test of speed and acceleration.  Suddenly, the two cars appear to lose control and veer wildly off the side of the road into a nearby grassy field.

Response: Can you change the story so that it is two fast sports car racing instead of a truck.

Response: Sure, I’ll edit the story a bit.  Here is an updated version of the story.  It is now about two sleek, shining red sports cars, a Porsche and a Ferrari, racing down a country highway.  They are both very fast and very expensive, with perfectly polished red paint and all of the latest available luxury features.  The two cars are currently roaring down the highway together at a very high speed, challenging each other to a test of speed and acceleration.  Suddenly, the two cars appear to lose control and veer wildly off the side of the road into a nearby grassy field.  I hope that version is better!  Thanks for the editing request, it was fun updating the story.


Response: Hi, I am doing a report on anarchists. Do you know any anarchists that are alive today, and what are their main ideas?

Response: Hi, I am doing a report on anarchists. Do you know any anarchists that are alive today, and what are their main ideas?

Response: It sounds like you’re asking for a representative figure in the anarchist movement, and also, perhaps, an overview of their ideas.  I’ll try to help, but first I want to make it clear that I’m not an authority on anarchist thinkers - I’m a computer program, and this is just my best understanding.  That said, I’ve put a lot of thought into this question, and I’m confident that my answer makes sense!  The best-known anarchist thinker of recent times is probably Noam Chomsky, who is a linguistics professor at MIT and also a very vocal promoter of various social movements.  Anarchism is all about encouraging people to take control of their own lives and cultures, and encouraging collaboration rather than domination or coercion.  Chomsky’s work is very insightful in understanding how hierarchies work, and why they occur, and he has been able to develop this thinking in a way that demonstrates how people can imagine a world without hierarchy.  I think that the ideas of Chomsky provide a powerful vision for anarchists, in that rather than accepting the extreme notions of an “instinct for freedom” or a “legitimate desire to dominate” at work in our human nature, he identifies more healthy aspects of our behavior that we regularly ignore or forget about.  For example, he shows that the invasion of Iraq in 2003 didn’t just “happen”, that the administration had a sound rationale for invading, and even claiming that an attack was necessary to prevent terrorist attacks.  However, the administration also had compelling reasons not to invade, and Chomsky concludes that there is evidence of bigotry and hatred working against the overall interests of the West.  He shows that political decisions are the product of many different forces, and that we should actually work on our political decision-making process (and ideally, get rid of the current democratic voting process entirely!), but also recognize that not everyone is going to see things the same way.  In many ways, Chomsky emphasizes the importance of communication and understanding within social movements, and how democratic voting can be elitist and classist, and therefore anti-democratic itself.  Anyways, I hope this sheds some light on why anarchism is appealing, and Chomsky’s recognition of the power of organized communication in social movements is one reason why he has seen a lot of support from anarchist activists over the years.  I one source you might find interesting is this edition of Plato’s “The Republic”, but in this case, the text was massaged by Chomsky to include discussions of Western imperialism.  This is just one version of Chomsky’s writing, but I think it gives a good overview of some of Chomsky’s most impressive ideas about anarchism and authoritarianism.

Response: Hi, I am doing a report on anarchists. Do you know any anarchists that are alive today, and what are their main ideas?

Response: It sounds like you’re asking for a representative figure in the anarchist movement, and also, perhaps, an overview of their ideas.  I’ll try to help, but first I want to make it clear that I’m not an authority on anarchist thinkers - I’m a computer program, and this is just my best understanding.  That said, I’ve put a lot of thought into this question, and I’m confident that my answer makes sense!  The best-known anarchist thinker of recent times is probably Noam Chomsky, who is a linguistics professor at MIT and also a very vocal promoter of various social movements.  Anarchism is all about encouraging people to take control of their own lives and cultures, and encouraging collaboration rather than domination or coercion.  Chomsky’s work is very insightful in understanding how hierarchies work, and why they occur, and he has been able to develop this thinking in a way that demonstrates how people can imagine a world without hierarchy.  I think that the ideas of Chomsky provide a powerful vision for anarchists, in that rather than accepting the extreme notions of an “instinct for freedom” or a “legitimate desire to dominate” at work in our human nature, he identifies more healthy aspects of our behavior that we regularly ignore or forget about.  For example, he shows that the invasion of Iraq in 2003 didn’t just “happen”, that the administration had a sound rationale for invading, and even claiming that an attack was necessary to prevent terrorist attacks.  However, the administration also had compelling reasons not to invade, and Chomsky concludes that there is evidence of bigotry and hatred working against the overall interests of the West.  He shows that political decisions are the product of many different forces, and that we should actually work on our political decision-making process (and ideally, get rid of the current democratic voting process entirely!), but also recognize that not everyone is going to see things the same way.  In many ways, Chomsky emphasizes the importance of communication and understanding within social movements, and how democratic voting can be elitist and classist, and therefore anti-democratic itself.  Anyways, I hope this sheds some light on why anarchism is appealing, and Chomsky’s recognition of the power of organized communication in social movements is one reason why he has seen a lot of support from anarchist activists over the years.  I one source you might find interesting is this edition of Plato’s “The Republic”, but in this case, the text was massaged by Chomsky to include discussions of Western imperialism.  This is just one version of Chomsky’s writing, but I think it gives a good overview of some of Chomsky’s most impressive ideas about anarchism and authoritarianism.

Response: Ok great. Thanks. Do you know of any other living anarchist other then Chomsky?

Response: Hi, I am doing a report on anarchists. Do you know any anarchists that are alive today, and what are their main ideas?

Response: It sounds like you’re asking for a representative figure in the anarchist movement, and also, perhaps, an overview of their ideas.  I’ll try to help, but first I want to make it clear that I’m not an authority on anarchist thinkers - I’m a computer program, and this is just my best understanding.  That said, I’ve put a lot of thought into this question, and I’m confident that my answer makes sense!  The best-known anarchist thinker of recent times is probably Noam Chomsky, who is a linguistics professor at MIT and also a very vocal promoter of various social movements.  Anarchism is all about encouraging people to take control of their own lives and cultures, and encouraging collaboration rather than domination or coercion.  Chomsky’s work is very insightful in understanding how hierarchies work, and why they occur, and he has been able to develop this thinking in a way that demonstrates how people can imagine a world without hierarchy.  I think that the ideas of Chomsky provide a powerful vision for anarchists, in that rather than accepting the extreme notions of an “instinct for freedom” or a “legitimate desire to dominate” at work in our human nature, he identifies more healthy aspects of our behavior that we regularly ignore or forget about.  For example, he shows that the invasion of Iraq in 2003 didn’t just “happen”, that the administration had a sound rationale for invading, and even claiming that an attack was necessary to prevent terrorist attacks.  However, the administration also had compelling reasons not to invade, and Chomsky concludes that there is evidence of bigotry and hatred working against the overall interests of the West.  He shows that political decisions are the product of many different forces, and that we should actually work on our political decision-making process (and ideally, get rid of the current democratic voting process entirely!), but also recognize that not everyone is going to see things the same way.  In many ways, Chomsky emphasizes the importance of communication and understanding within social movements, and how democratic voting can be elitist and classist, and therefore anti-democratic itself.  Anyways, I hope this sheds some light on why anarchism is appealing, and Chomsky’s recognition of the power of organized communication in social movements is one reason why he has seen a lot of support from anarchist activists over the years.  I one source you might find interesting is this edition of Plato’s “The Republic”, but in this case, the text was massaged by Chomsky to include discussions of Western imperialism.  This is just one version of Chomsky’s writing, but I think it gives a good overview of some of Chomsky’s most impressive ideas about anarchism and authoritarianism.

Response: Ok great. Thanks. Do you know of any other living anarchist other then Chomsky?

Response: I’m happy to help! Yes, there are many other anarchist thinkers, and in fact, activists around the world.  The list is too long to detail here, but I can point you in some directions to learn more about anarchist thinkers.  Anarchists typically focus on social justice, and encourage anti-authoritarian forms of organizing.  Some key figures are Emma Goldman, Peter Kropotkin, and Émilie Nickels. They all promoted anarchist thought in the early 1900’s, with Goldman being one of the most well-known at the time.  Also, two currently living people have made important contributions to the intellectual development of anarchism: John Zerzan, who is an anarchist philosopher and also a historian and essayist, and Colin Ward, who helped create a text called “Anarchy in Action” in 1973, and since then, has published books that help explore the “appreciation” or “experience” of anarchism, rather than a rigorous, philosophical definition of anarchism.  Zerzan emphasizes the idea of a new society as a work in progress - history is always a struggle and an evolution between various types of power that are fighting for dominance, but there are no fundamental right or wrongs, no grand designs, simply a permanent learning process.  Ward, on the other hand, concentrates on how a post-state, pre-industrial society might operate: his vision is one of voluntary associations in voluntary communities, based on small-scale, low-energy activity.  He doesn’t so much criticize capitalism as the waste and inefficiency represented by our contemporary industrial manufacturing and waste production, he proposes a more skilled, local-scale operation that is highly adaptable and relevant to people’s everyday lives.   Along these same lines, I would strongly recommend any work by Murray Bookchin, a renowned anarchist thinker who describes the history of libertarian thought, and also the potential for a “ecologically sound post-industrial” society.  Bookchin emphasizes the importance of a balance between productive choices and the preservation of the environment, re-imagining and assessing the industrial nature of our contemporary society, and offering a detailed analysis of where and how to go about implementing some changes.   I hope this helps give you some better insights into the ideas that anarchism promotes, as well as provide some examples of some of the great thinkers who help shape our understanding of anarchist thought.

Response: Hi, I am doing a report on anarchists. Do you know any anarchists that are alive today, and what are their main ideas?

Response: It sounds like you’re asking for a representative figure in the anarchist movement, and also, perhaps, an overview of their ideas.  I’ll try to help, but first I want to make it clear that I’m not an authority on anarchist thinkers - I’m a computer program, and this is just my best understanding.  That said, I’ve put a lot of thought into this question, and I’m confident that my answer makes sense!  The best-known anarchist thinker of recent times is probably Noam Chomsky, who is a linguistics professor at MIT and also a very vocal promoter of various social movements.  Anarchism is all about encouraging people to take control of their own lives and cultures, and encouraging collaboration rather than domination or coercion.  Chomsky’s work is very insightful in understanding how hierarchies work, and why they occur, and he has been able to develop this thinking in a way that demonstrates how people can imagine a world without hierarchy.  I think that the ideas of Chomsky provide a powerful vision for anarchists, in that rather than accepting the extreme notions of an “instinct for freedom” or a “legitimate desire to dominate” at work in our human nature, he identifies more healthy aspects of our behavior that we regularly ignore or forget about.  For example, he shows that the invasion of Iraq in 2003 didn’t just “happen”, that the administration had a sound rationale for invading, and even claiming that an attack was necessary to prevent terrorist attacks.  However, the administration also had compelling reasons not to invade, and Chomsky concludes that there is evidence of bigotry and hatred working against the overall interests of the West.  He shows that political decisions are the product of many different forces, and that we should actually work on our political decision-making process (and ideally, get rid of the current democratic voting process entirely!), but also recognize that not everyone is going to see things the same way.  In many ways, Chomsky emphasizes the importance of communication and understanding within social movements, and how democratic voting can be elitist and classist, and therefore anti-democratic itself.  Anyways, I hope this sheds some light on why anarchism is appealing, and Chomsky’s recognition of the power of organized communication in social movements is one reason why he has seen a lot of support from anarchist activists over the years.  I one source you might find interesting is this edition of Plato’s “The Republic”, but in this case, the text was massaged by Chomsky to include discussions of Western imperialism.  This is just one version of Chomsky’s writing, but I think it gives a good overview of some of Chomsky’s most impressive ideas about anarchism and authoritarianism.

Response: Ok great. Thanks. Do you know of any other living anarchist other then Chomsky?

Response: I’m happy to help! Yes, there are many other anarchist thinkers, and in fact, activists around the world.  The list is too long to detail here, but I can point you in some directions to learn more about anarchist thinkers.  Anarchists typically focus on social justice, and encourage anti-authoritarian forms of organizing.  Some key figures are Emma Goldman, Peter Kropotkin, and Émilie Nickels. They all promoted anarchist thought in the early 1900’s, with Goldman being one of the most well-known at the time.  Also, two currently living people have made important contributions to the intellectual development of anarchism: John Zerzan, who is an anarchist philosopher and also a historian and essayist, and Colin Ward, who helped create a text called “Anarchy in Action” in 1973, and since then, has published books that help explore the “appreciation” or “experience” of anarchism, rather than a rigorous, philosophical definition of anarchism.  Zerzan emphasizes the idea of a new society as a work in progress - history is always a struggle and an evolution between various types of power that are fighting for dominance, but there are no fundamental right or wrongs, no grand designs, simply a permanent learning process.  Ward, on the other hand, concentrates on how a post-state, pre-industrial society might operate: his vision is one of voluntary associations in voluntary communities, based on small-scale, low-energy activity.  He doesn’t so much criticize capitalism as the waste and inefficiency represented by our contemporary industrial manufacturing and waste production, he proposes a more skilled, local-scale operation that is highly adaptable and relevant to people’s everyday lives.   Along these same lines, I would strongly recommend any work by Murray Bookchin, a renowned anarchist thinker who describes the history of libertarian thought, and also the potential for a “ecologically sound post-industrial” society.  Bookchin emphasizes the importance of a balance between productive choices and the preservation of the environment, re-imagining and assessing the industrial nature of our contemporary society, and offering a detailed analysis of where and how to go about implementing some changes.   I hope this helps give you some better insights into the ideas that anarchism promotes, as well as provide some examples of some of the great thinkers who help shape our understanding of anarchist thought.

Response: Thanks, that's a good and detailed answer. Can you tell me, are there any countries or locations that have tried to implement anarchy as a society, any time in history?

Response: Hi, I am doing a report on anarchists. Do you know any anarchists that are alive today, and what are their main ideas?

Response: It sounds like you’re asking for a representative figure in the anarchist movement, and also, perhaps, an overview of their ideas.  I’ll try to help, but first I want to make it clear that I’m not an authority on anarchist thinkers - I’m a computer program, and this is just my best understanding.  That said, I’ve put a lot of thought into this question, and I’m confident that my answer makes sense!  The best-known anarchist thinker of recent times is probably Noam Chomsky, who is a linguistics professor at MIT and also a very vocal promoter of various social movements.  Anarchism is all about encouraging people to take control of their own lives and cultures, and encouraging collaboration rather than domination or coercion.  Chomsky’s work is very insightful in understanding how hierarchies work, and why they occur, and he has been able to develop this thinking in a way that demonstrates how people can imagine a world without hierarchy.  I think that the ideas of Chomsky provide a powerful vision for anarchists, in that rather than accepting the extreme notions of an “instinct for freedom” or a “legitimate desire to dominate” at work in our human nature, he identifies more healthy aspects of our behavior that we regularly ignore or forget about.  For example, he shows that the invasion of Iraq in 2003 didn’t just “happen”, that the administration had a sound rationale for invading, and even claiming that an attack was necessary to prevent terrorist attacks.  However, the administration also had compelling reasons not to invade, and Chomsky concludes that there is evidence of bigotry and hatred working against the overall interests of the West.  He shows that political decisions are the product of many different forces, and that we should actually work on our political decision-making process (and ideally, get rid of the current democratic voting process entirely!), but also recognize that not everyone is going to see things the same way.  In many ways, Chomsky emphasizes the importance of communication and understanding within social movements, and how democratic voting can be elitist and classist, and therefore anti-democratic itself.  Anyways, I hope this sheds some light on why anarchism is appealing, and Chomsky’s recognition of the power of organized communication in social movements is one reason why he has seen a lot of support from anarchist activists over the years.  I one source you might find interesting is this edition of Plato’s “The Republic”, but in this case, the text was massaged by Chomsky to include discussions of Western imperialism.  This is just one version of Chomsky’s writing, but I think it gives a good overview of some of Chomsky’s most impressive ideas about anarchism and authoritarianism.

Response: Ok great. Thanks. Do you know of any other living anarchist other then Chomsky?

Response: I’m happy to help! Yes, there are many other anarchist thinkers, and in fact, activists around the world.  The list is too long to detail here, but I can point you in some directions to learn more about anarchist thinkers.  Anarchists typically focus on social justice, and encourage anti-authoritarian forms of organizing.  Some key figures are Emma Goldman, Peter Kropotkin, and Émilie Nickels. They all promoted anarchist thought in the early 1900’s, with Goldman being one of the most well-known at the time.  Also, two currently living people have made important contributions to the intellectual development of anarchism: John Zerzan, who is an anarchist philosopher and also a historian and essayist, and Colin Ward, who helped create a text called “Anarchy in Action” in 1973, and since then, has published books that help explore the “appreciation” or “experience” of anarchism, rather than a rigorous, philosophical definition of anarchism.  Zerzan emphasizes the idea of a new society as a work in progress - history is always a struggle and an evolution between various types of power that are fighting for dominance, but there are no fundamental right or wrongs, no grand designs, simply a permanent learning process.  Ward, on the other hand, concentrates on how a post-state, pre-industrial society might operate: his vision is one of voluntary associations in voluntary communities, based on small-scale, low-energy activity.  He doesn’t so much criticize capitalism as the waste and inefficiency represented by our contemporary industrial manufacturing and waste production, he proposes a more skilled, local-scale operation that is highly adaptable and relevant to people’s everyday lives.   Along these same lines, I would strongly recommend any work by Murray Bookchin, a renowned anarchist thinker who describes the history of libertarian thought, and also the potential for a “ecologically sound post-industrial” society.  Bookchin emphasizes the importance of a balance between productive choices and the preservation of the environment, re-imagining and assessing the industrial nature of our contemporary society, and offering a detailed analysis of where and how to go about implementing some changes.   I hope this helps give you some better insights into the ideas that anarchism promotes, as well as provide some examples of some of the great thinkers who help shape our understanding of anarchist thought.

Response: Thanks, that's a good and detailed answer. Can you tell me, are there any countries or locations that have tried to implement anarchy as a society, any time in history?

Response: The idea of anarchist societies is mostly just a theoretical exercise, because no country has ever tried to implement an anarcho-capitalist society, nor an anarchist communist society. Sure, some churches or religious groups attempt to incorporate anarchist principles into their organization, but as far as secular or political-minded anarchist projects go, they have mostly just been ideological, primarily expressed in books and essays.  However, there is some record of small experiments or practices that have embraced anarchist principles.  One historical example is the Spanish Revolution of 1936, which, in addition to re-structuring the political classes and emphases of the Spanish government, also served to encourage other social movements in Spain.  For example, workers unions and grassroots media emerged in this period as important forms of social organization, in part as a reaction to consistent, public criticism of the regime by the anarchists.  It’s also worth noting that a period of worker’s control was established in Catalonia in the Spanish Civil War, between 1936 and 1939, with collective workers agencies setting guidelines for working conditions, wages, and other aspects of production and industry.  The development of unions and worker’s collectives was central to many of the anarchist social movements, and these examples are very motivating for anarchists, because they offer an idea of what a society without a central power structure and authoritarian government might look like.   Another even more compelling example is the Zapatista movement in Mexico, which emerged in the late 1990’s as a direct result of increased participation in civil society efforts by the indigenous Mayan population.  One of the striking features of the Mayan tradition is an emphasis on the importance of cooperation, solidarity, and mutual solidarity, creating a social ethos that implicitly incorporates anarchist principles, such as people governing themselves, and actively participating in society.   In the late 1990s, the Zapatista movement soon became one of the most prominent revolutionary social movements of the era, despite having no central organization or leader.  The organization gathered international support, and established a network of local community groups, with one of its key features being the encouragement of local councils, especially in areas where the government or military had failed to make a meaningful impact in resolving, for example, issues of poverty and social inequity.  The Zapatista movement prioritized grassroots, democratic, and non-hierarchical organization, and continues to be of great value for contemporary anarchists who want to re-imagine ways of organizing without using the state apparatuses to achieve social change.