In the tutorial, a generic class Stack was introduced.

Queue is a data structure similar to a stack. 
The difference is that while in a stack, elements are added and removed from the same end, => LIFO
in a queue, 'elements are added to the end but removed from the beginning' (just like how a queue works in real life). => FIFO


Write a generic class Queue<T> with the following properties:
A constructor that does not take any parameters.
A method void add(T element) that adds an element to the front of the queue. => counterintuitive; add to the front
A method T remove(), which removes and returns the last element of the queue. => counterintuitive; but remove from the back
A method boolean hasElements(), which returns true if there is at least one element in the queue.




import java.util.Random;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Random r = new Random();
        
        System.out.println("Testing the Queue class...");

        System.out.println("Testing with integer type...");
        Queue<Integer> queue = new Queue<>();
        int[] numbers = {2, 4, 6, 3, 5};

        for (int number : numbers) {
            System.out.println("Adding element " + number);
            queue.add(number);
        }

        System.out.println("Removing elements until hasElements == false");
        while (queue.hasElements()) {
            System.out.println(queue.remove());
        }
        System.out.println("");

        System.out.println("Testing with string type...");
        Queue<String> queue2 = new Queue<>();
        String[] elements = {"rabbit", "fox", "bear", "elk"};

        for (String element : elements) {
            System.out.println("Adding element " + element);
            queue2.add(element);
        }

        System.out.println("Removing elements until hasElements == false");
        while (queue2.hasElements()) {
            System.out.println(queue2.remove());
        }
        
    }
}



//ADD
class Queue<T> {
    // attributes
    private ArrayList<T> queue;

    // constructor with no params
    public Queue(){
        this.queue = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    // normal ArrayList
    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12949690/java-arraylist-how-to-add-elements-at-the-beginning
    // do not use LinkedList
    // LinkedList example from Oracle
    // https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Deque.html#addFirst(E)
    // add element to the front
    public void add(T element) {
        // for LinkedList
        // this.queue.addFirst(element);
        // for ArrayList
        this.queue.add(0, element); 
    }

    // remove and return last element
    public T remove() {
        return this.queue.remove(this.queue.size() - 1);
    }

    public boolean hasElements() {
        return this.queue.size() > 0;
    }
}





Testing the Queue class...
Testing with integer type...
Adding element 2
Adding element 4
Adding element 6
Adding element 3
Adding element 5
Removing elements until hasElements == false
2
4
6
3
5



Testing with string type...
Adding element rabbit
Adding element fox
Adding element bear
Adding element elk
Removing elements until hasElements == false
rabbit
fox
bear
elk