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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<title>MindScan β€” Multi-Model Framework for Depression & Suicide Risk Detection</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Instrument+Serif:ital@0;1&family=Geist:wght@300;400;500;600&family=DM+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
:root{
  --bg:#f7f5f0; --bg2:#efece8; --bg3:#e6e2da; --bg4:#dedad1;
  --ink:#1a1816; --ink2:#5c5750; --ink3:#9c9790;
  --border:rgba(26,24,22,0.09); --border2:rgba(26,24,22,0.16);
  --blue:#1d4ed8; --blue-bg:#eff6ff; --blue-mid:#3b82f6;
  --amber:#b45309; --amber-bg:#fffbeb; --amber-mid:#d97706;
  --red:#b91c1c; --red-bg:#fef2f2;
  --green:#15803d; --green-bg:#f0fdf4;
  --purple:#6d28d9; --purple-bg:#f5f3ff;
  --shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(26,24,22,0.06),0 4px 16px rgba(26,24,22,0.04);
  --shadow-md:0 2px 8px rgba(26,24,22,0.08),0 8px 32px rgba(26,24,22,0.06);
}
*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth}
body{background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font-family:'Geist',sans-serif;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;overflow-x:hidden}

/* ── HEADER ── */
header{
  padding:16px 48px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);background:rgba(247,245,240,0.94);
  position:sticky;top:0;z-index:100;backdrop-filter:blur(10px);
}
.logo{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}
.logo-mark{width:28px;height:28px;background:var(--ink);border-radius:7px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
.logo-mark svg{width:14px;height:14px}
.logo-txt{font-family:'Instrument Serif',serif;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:-.02em}
.logo-txt em{font-style:italic;color:var(--ink2)}
.nav-links{display:flex;gap:2px}
.nav-links a{font-size:12px;color:var(--ink2);padding:5px 10px;border-radius:6px;text-decoration:none;transition:all .15s;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace}
.nav-links a:hover{background:var(--bg2);color:var(--ink)}
.nav-badge{font-size:10px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;background:var(--amber-bg);color:var(--amber);border:1px solid rgba(180,83,9,.2);padding:4px 10px;border-radius:20px}

/* ── HERO ── */
.hero{padding:80px 48px 64px;max-width:1040px;margin:0 auto}
.hero-top{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 360px;gap:48px;align-items:start;margin-bottom:52px}
.hero-eyebrow{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-bottom:18px}
.eyebrow-dot{width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--green);animation:blink 2.5s infinite}
@keyframes blink{0%,100%{opacity:1}50%{opacity:.2}}
.eyebrow-txt{font-size:11px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;color:var(--ink3);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}
.hero h1{font-family:'Instrument Serif',serif;font-size:clamp(28px,3.6vw,42px);font-weight:400;line-height:1.13;letter-spacing:-.03em;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:18px}
.hero h1 em{font-style:italic;color:var(--ink2)}
.hero-sub{font-size:15px;color:var(--ink2);line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:500px}

/* RQ Cards */
.rq-cards{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}
.rq-card{border-radius:12px;padding:16px 18px;border:1px solid}
.rq-card.rq1{background:var(--blue-bg);border-color:rgba(29,78,216,.2)}
.rq-card.rq2{background:var(--amber-bg);border-color:rgba(180,83,9,.2)}
.rq-label{font-size:9px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:5px}
.rq-card.rq1 .rq-label{color:var(--blue)}
.rq-card.rq2 .rq-label{color:var(--amber)}
.rq-text{font-size:13px;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.5}

/* Stats panel */
.stats-panel{background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:16px;padding:24px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}
.stat-box{text-align:center;padding:12px;background:var(--bg);border-radius:10px;border:1px solid var(--border)}
.stat-num{font-family:'Instrument Serif',serif;font-size:28px;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--ink);line-height:1}
.stat-lbl{font-size:10px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;color:var(--ink3);margin-top:4px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em}

/* ── SECTION SHARED ── */
.section{max-width:1040px;margin:0 auto;padding:64px 48px}
.sec-eyebrow{font-size:10px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:10px}
.sec-h2{font-family:'Instrument Serif',serif;font-size:clamp(24px,3.5vw,38px);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.02em;line-height:1.15;margin-bottom:8px}
.sec-h2 em{font-style:italic;color:var(--ink2)}
.sec-lead{font-size:14px;color:var(--ink2);max-width:560px;line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:36px}
.section-divider{border:none;border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin:0}

/* ── BASE PAPER COMPARISON ── */
.comparison-wrap{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr;gap:16px;align-items:center}
.comp-card{border-radius:14px;padding:26px;border:1px solid;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}
.comp-card.theirs{background:var(--bg2);border-color:var(--border2)}
.comp-card.ours{background:#fff;border-color:rgba(21,128,61,.25);box-shadow:var(--shadow-md)}
.comp-label{font-size:10px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:12px;padding:4px 10px;border-radius:4px;display:inline-block}
.comp-card.theirs .comp-label{background:var(--bg3);color:var(--ink3)}
.comp-card.ours .comp-label{background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green)}
.comp-title{font-family:'Instrument Serif',serif;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:-.01em;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:4px}
.comp-sub{font-size:12px;color:var(--ink2);margin-bottom:18px}
.comp-row{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:8px;margin-bottom:9px;font-size:13px}
.comp-icon{width:16px;height:16px;border-radius:50%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:9px;flex-shrink:0;margin-top:1px}
.comp-icon.bad{background:rgba(185,28,28,.1);color:var(--red)}
.comp-icon.good{background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green)}
.comp-text{color:var(--ink2);line-height:1.45}
.comp-text strong{color:var(--ink)}
.comp-f1-row{margin-top:18px;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--border);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}
.comp-f1-label{font-size:11px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;color:var(--ink3)}
.comp-f1-val{font-family:'Instrument Serif',serif;font-size:24px;letter-spacing:-.02em}
.comp-card.theirs .comp-f1-val{color:var(--ink3)}
.comp-card.ours .comp-f1-val{color:var(--green)}
.comp-middle{text-align:center;padding:16px 12px}
.comp-arrow{font-size:24px;color:var(--green);margin-bottom:6px}
.comp-delta{font-family:'Instrument Serif',serif;font-size:28px;color:var(--green);letter-spacing:-.02em}
.comp-delta-lbl{font-size:10px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;color:var(--ink3);margin-top:2px;text-transform:uppercase}

/* ── METHODOLOGY 3-STEP ── */
.method-steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:0;position:relative}
.method-steps::before{content:'';position:absolute;top:22px;left:22px;right:22px;height:2px;background:var(--bg3);z-index:0}
.method-step{text-align:center;position:relative;z-index:2;padding:0 20px;cursor:pointer;transition:opacity .15s}
.method-step:hover{opacity:.8}
.ms-dot{width:44px;height:44px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ink);border:2px solid var(--ink);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin:0 auto 14px;font-size:12px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;color:#fff;transition:background .2s,border-color .2s}
.method-step.active .ms-dot{background:var(--blue);border-color:var(--blue)}
.ms-title{font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:7px}
.ms-body{font-size:12px;color:var(--ink2);line-height:1.65}
/* Detail panel */
.method-detail{margin-top:32px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:14px;padding:28px 32px;box-shadow:var(--shadow);animation:fadeUp .25s ease both}
.md-panel{display:none}
.md-panel.active{display:block}
.md-title{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:14px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}
.md-title-dot{width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--blue);flex-shrink:0}
.md-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px}
.md-block{padding:14px;background:var(--bg);border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--border)}
.md-block-lbl{font-size:9px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink3);margin-bottom:5px}
.md-block-val{font-size:12px;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.6}
.md-block-val strong{color:var(--red)}
.md-block-val em{color:var(--blue);font-style:normal;font-weight:500}

/* ── EVIDENCE MATRIX ── */
.matrix-wrap{overflow-x:auto;margin-top:28px}
.matrix-tbl{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px}
.matrix-tbl th{text-align:center;padding:11px 16px;background:var(--bg2);border-bottom:2px solid var(--border2);font-size:10px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink3);font-weight:500}
.matrix-tbl th:first-child{text-align:left;min-width:200px}
.matrix-tbl td{padding:12px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);text-align:center;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;font-size:13px;color:var(--ink2);vertical-align:middle}
.matrix-tbl td:first-child{text-align:left;font-family:'Geist',sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:var(--ink)}
.matrix-tbl tr:hover td{background:var(--bg2)}
.matrix-tbl tr:last-child td{border-bottom:none}
.matrix-tbl td.winner{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}
.matrix-tbl td.collapsed{background:rgba(185,28,28,.07);color:var(--red)}
.ds-label{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}
.ds-badge{font-size:9px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;padding:2px 7px;border-radius:3px;font-weight:500;flex-shrink:0}

/* ── MATRIX FOOTNOTE ── */
.matrix-footnote{margin-top:14px;font-size:11px;color:var(--ink3);line-height:1.6;padding:10px 14px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:7px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace}
.matrix-footnote strong{color:var(--ink2)}

/* ── FINDINGS ── */
.findings-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:14px}
.finding:nth-child(5){grid-column:1/-1;}
.finding{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:12px;padding:22px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}
.finding-n{font-family:'Instrument Serif',serif;font-size:36px;color:var(--bg3);line-height:1;margin-bottom:8px}
.finding-t{font-size:13px;font-weight:500;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:6px}
.finding-b{font-size:12px;color:var(--ink2);line-height:1.65}
.finding-chip{display:inline-block;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;font-size:10px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--border);padding:3px 8px;border-radius:4px;margin-top:8px;color:var(--ink2)}

/* ── VERDICT ── */
.verdict-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:14px;margin-bottom:24px}
.verdict-card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:12px;padding:20px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}
.verdict-card.rq{border-left:3px solid var(--blue-mid)}
.verdict-card.lim{border-left:3px solid var(--amber-mid)}
.vc-eyebrow{font-size:9px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:6px;font-weight:500}
.verdict-card.rq .vc-eyebrow{color:var(--blue)}
.verdict-card.lim .vc-eyebrow{color:var(--amber)}
.vc-title{font-size:13px;font-weight:500;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:6px}
.vc-body{font-size:12px;color:var(--ink2);line-height:1.65}
.vc-chip{display:inline-block;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;font-size:10px;background:var(--blue-bg);border:1px solid rgba(29,78,216,.2);color:var(--blue);padding:3px 8px;border-radius:4px;margin-top:8px}
.verdict-card.lim .vc-chip{background:var(--amber-bg);border-color:rgba(180,83,9,.2);color:var(--amber)}

/* ── DEMO ── */
.demo-section{max-width:1040px;margin:0 auto;padding:64px 48px}
.input-card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:14px;padding:24px;box-shadow:var(--shadow);margin-bottom:16px}
textarea{
  width:100%;background:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--border2);border-radius:8px;
  padding:13px 15px;font-family:'Geist',sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:var(--ink);
  resize:vertical;min-height:100px;outline:none;line-height:1.6;transition:border-color .15s,box-shadow .15s;
}
textarea:focus{border-color:rgba(29,78,216,.4);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(29,78,216,.07)}
textarea::placeholder{color:var(--ink3)}
.input-foot{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}
.char-count{font-size:11px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;color:var(--ink3)}
.samples{display:flex;gap:5px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.sbtn{font-size:10px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:5px;padding:5px 10px;cursor:pointer;color:var(--ink2);transition:all .15s}
.sbtn:hover{border-color:var(--border2);color:var(--ink)}
.sbtn.danger{border-color:rgba(185,28,28,.25);color:var(--red);background:var(--red-bg);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px}
.sbtn-pulse{width:5px;height:5px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--red);animation:blink 1.5s infinite}
.run-btn{
  width:100%;margin-top:12px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border:none;
  border-radius:9px;padding:13px 24px;font-family:'Geist',sans-serif;font-size:14px;
  font-weight:500;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;
  gap:8px;transition:opacity .15s,transform .1s;letter-spacing:-.01em;
}
.run-btn:hover{opacity:.87}
.run-btn:active{transform:scale(.99)}
.run-btn:disabled{opacity:.45;cursor:not-allowed}
.spinner{width:14px;height:14px;border:2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);border-top-color:#fff;border-radius:50%;animation:spin .7s linear infinite;display:none}
@keyframes spin{to{transform:rotate(360deg)}}
.disclaimer{font-size:11px;color:var(--ink3);line-height:1.6;padding:10px 14px;background:var(--amber-bg);border:1px solid rgba(180,83,9,.15);border-radius:7px;margin-bottom:20px}

/* Results */
.results{display:none;animation:fadeUp .35s ease both}
@keyframes fadeUp{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(8px)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}
.risk-banner{border-radius:10px;padding:14px 18px;margin-bottom:16px;border:1px solid;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px}
.risk-banner.danger{background:var(--red-bg);border-color:rgba(185,28,28,.25)}
.risk-banner.safe{background:var(--green-bg);border-color:rgba(21,128,61,.2)}
.risk-banner.warn{background:var(--amber-bg);border-color:rgba(180,83,9,.25)}
.rb-icon{font-size:18px;flex-shrink:0;margin-top:1px}
.rb-title{font-size:13px;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:3px}
.rb-body{font-size:12px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink2)}
.risk-banner.danger .rb-title{color:var(--red)}
.risk-banner.safe .rb-title{color:var(--green)}
.risk-banner.warn .rb-title{color:var(--amber)}
.masked-callout{background:var(--amber-bg);border:1px solid rgba(180,83,9,.2);border-radius:10px;padding:14px 18px;margin-bottom:16px;display:none;animation:fadeUp .3s ease both}
.mc-callout-title{font-size:13px;font-weight:500;color:var(--amber);margin-bottom:4px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px}
.mc-callout-body{font-size:12px;color:#92400e;line-height:1.6}

.results-hdr{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:14px}
.results-hdr-title{font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:var(--ink)}
.elapsed-chip{font-size:10px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;color:var(--ink3);background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--border);padding:3px 9px;border-radius:20px}
.winner-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:12px}
.win-card{border-radius:12px;padding:18px;border:1px solid;animation:fadeUp .4s ease both;background:#fff;box-shadow:var(--shadow);transition:all .3s ease}
.win-card.d1{border-color:rgba(29,78,216,.2);animation-delay:.14s}
.win-card.d2{border-color:rgba(180,83,9,.2);animation-delay:.07s}
.win-card.d3{border-color:rgba(185,28,28,.2)}
/* D3 dominant state when suicide risk is flagged */
.win-card.d3.risk-active{
  border-color:var(--red);border-width:2px;
  background:var(--red-bg);box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(185,28,28,.08),var(--shadow-md);
}
.win-card.d3.risk-active .wc-pred{color:var(--red)}
.wc-lbl{font-size:9px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:8px;line-height:1.5}
.win-card.d1 .wc-lbl{color:var(--blue)}
.win-card.d2 .wc-lbl{color:var(--amber)}
.win-card.d3 .wc-lbl{color:var(--red)}
.wc-pred{font-family:'Instrument Serif',serif;font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:6px;min-height:48px;display:flex;align-items:flex-end}
.conf-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-bottom:5px}
.conf-track{flex:1;height:4px;background:var(--bg2);border-radius:2px;overflow:hidden}
.conf-fill{height:100%;border-radius:2px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);width:0}
.win-card.d1 .conf-fill{background:var(--blue-mid)}
.win-card.d2 .conf-fill{background:var(--amber-mid)}
.win-card.d3 .conf-fill{background:var(--red)}
.conf-pct{font-size:11px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;min-width:34px;text-align:right}
.win-card.d1 .conf-pct{color:var(--blue)}
.win-card.d2 .conf-pct{color:var(--amber)}
.win-card.d3 .conf-pct{color:var(--red)}
.win-card.d3.risk-active .conf-pct{font-size:14px;font-weight:500}
.wc-meta{font-size:11px;color:var(--ink3)}
/* Clinical Insight Alert */
.clinical-insight{background:var(--amber-bg);border:1px solid rgba(180,83,9,.2);border-left:3px solid var(--amber-mid);border-radius:10px;padding:14px 18px;margin-bottom:16px;display:none;animation:fadeUp .3s ease both}
.ci-title{font-size:13px;font-weight:500;color:var(--amber);margin-bottom:5px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px}
.ci-body{font-size:12px;color:#92400e;line-height:1.65}

/* ── GLOSSARY TOOLTIPS ── */
.gloss{border-bottom:1px dashed var(--ink3);cursor:help;position:relative;display:inline}
.gloss::after{content:attr(data-tip);position:absolute;bottom:calc(100% + 8px);left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--ink);color:#fff;font-size:11.5px;padding:8px 12px;border-radius:8px;width:230px;white-space:normal;line-height:1.5;font-family:'Geist',sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-align:left;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .15s;z-index:300;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.18)}
.gloss::before{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:calc(100% + 2px);left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);border:5px solid transparent;border-top-color:var(--ink);opacity:0;transition:opacity .15s;z-index:301}
.gloss:hover::after,.gloss:hover::before{opacity:1}

/* ── CODE MODAL ── */
.cm-term{border-bottom:1px dashed var(--blue);color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;transition:color .15s}
.cm-term:hover{color:var(--blue)}
.cm-term::after{content:'</>';font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;font-size:9px;color:var(--blue);opacity:.7;letter-spacing:-.03em}
.cm-overlay{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(26,24,22,.45);z-index:500;display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:20px;backdrop-filter:blur(3px)}
.cm-overlay.open{display:flex}
.cm-box{background:#fff;border-radius:16px;width:100%;max-width:680px;max-height:88vh;display:flex;flex-direction:column;box-shadow:0 24px 80px rgba(0,0,0,.18);overflow:hidden}
.cm-head{padding:20px 24px 0;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px}
.cm-title{font-family:'Instrument Serif',serif;font-size:22px;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--ink)}
.cm-close{width:28px;height:28px;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid var(--border);background:var(--bg2);cursor:pointer;font-size:14px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;color:var(--ink2)}
.cm-close:hover{background:var(--bg3)}
.cm-tabs{display:flex;gap:2px;padding:12px 24px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}
.cm-tab{font-size:11px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;padding:6px 14px;border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:none;color:var(--ink2);margin-bottom:-1px;background:none}
.cm-tab.active{background:#fff;border-color:var(--border);color:var(--ink)}
.cm-body{overflow-y:auto;padding:20px 24px 24px}
.cm-panel{display:none}
.cm-panel.active{display:block}
.cm-pre{background:var(--ink);color:#e8e4dc;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;font-size:12px;line-height:1.7;padding:16px 18px;border-radius:10px;overflow-x:auto;white-space:pre;margin-bottom:10px}
.cm-src{font-size:11px;color:var(--ink3);font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;margin-top:6px}
.cm-why-body{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--ink2);line-height:1.8}
.cm-why-body strong{color:var(--ink)}
.cm-out-row{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;padding:10px 14px;background:var(--bg2);border-radius:8px;margin-bottom:8px}
.cm-out-lbl{font-size:10px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;color:var(--ink3);min-width:28px;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:2px}
.cm-out-val{font-size:13px;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.5}
.cm-out-val em{font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--blue)}

/* ── FAQ ACCORDION ── */
.faq-section{max-width:1040px;margin:0 auto;padding:64px 48px}
.faq-group{margin-bottom:32px}
.faq-group-title{font-size:10px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:12px}
.faq-item{border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:6px;overflow:hidden;background:#fff}
.faq-q{width:100%;text-align:left;background:none;border:none;padding:14px 18px;font-size:13px;font-family:'Geist',sans-serif;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;line-height:1.45}
.faq-q:hover{background:var(--bg2)}
.faq-q .faq-chevron{font-size:10px;color:var(--ink3);flex-shrink:0;transition:transform .2s}
.faq-item.open .faq-chevron{transform:rotate(180deg)}
.faq-a{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height .25s ease}
.faq-item.open .faq-a{max-height:500px}
.faq-a-inner{padding:0 18px 14px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--ink2);line-height:1.75;border-top:1px solid var(--border)}
.faq-a-inner code{font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;font-size:11px;background:var(--bg2);padding:1px 5px;border-radius:3px;color:var(--ink)}

footer{text-align:center;padding:28px 48px;border-top:1px solid var(--border);font-size:11px;font-family:'DM Mono',monospace;color:var(--ink3);line-height:1.9}
@media(max-width:768px){
  header,.section,.demo-section,footer{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}
  .hero{padding:48px 20px 40px}
  .hero-top,.findings-grid,.winner-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .method-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}
  .method-steps::before{display:none}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<!-- HEADER -->
<header>
  <div class="logo">
    <div class="logo-mark">
      <svg viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none">
        <circle cx="7" cy="7" r="5.5" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.3"/>
        <path d="M5 7c0-1.2.8-2 2-2s2 .8 2 2-.8 2-2 2" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.3" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        <circle cx="7" cy="7" r="1.2" fill="white"/>
      </svg>
    </div>
    <div class="logo-txt">Mind<em>Scan</em></div>
  </div>
  <nav class="nav-links">
    <a href="#comparison">vs Base Paper</a>
    <a href="#methodology">Methodology</a>
    <a href="#matrix">Evidence Matrix</a>
    <a href="#findings">Findings</a>
    <a href="#verdict">Conclusions</a>
    <a href="#demo">Live Demo</a>
    <a href="#faq">FAQ</a>
    <a href="/flow" target="_blank" style="background:var(--bg3);color:var(--ink)">System Flow β†—</a>
  </nav>
  <div class="nav-badge">NCI H9DAI 2026</div>
</header>

<!-- HERO -->
<div class="hero">
  <div class="hero-top">
    <div>
      <div class="hero-eyebrow"><div class="eyebrow-dot"></div><span class="eyebrow-txt">Mental health NLP research Β· NCI H9DAI</span></div>
      <h1>Multi-Model Framework for Depression Classification and <em>Suicide Risk Detection</em> from Social Media Text</h1>
      <p class="hero-sub">A parallel ensemble of 12 classifiers across 3 clinical datasets β€” extending Tumaliuan et al. (2024) with modern transformers and SMOTE balancing.</p>
      <div class="rq-cards">
        <div class="rq-card rq1">
          <div class="rq-label">RQ1</div>
          <div class="rq-text">Which machine learning model provides the highest Accuracy for identifying depression and suicide risk?</div>
        </div>
        <div class="rq-card rq2">
          <div class="rq-label">RQ2</div>
          <div class="rq-text">Does training on the full dataset (232K), a half split (116K), or a sample (50K) provide a significant boost in Accuracy?</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="stats-panel">
      <div class="stat-box"><div class="stat-num" data-target="3" data-suffix="">0</div><div class="stat-lbl">Datasets</div></div>
      <div class="stat-box"><div class="stat-num" data-target="12" data-suffix="">0</div><div class="stat-lbl">Models trained</div></div>
      <div class="stat-box"><div class="stat-num" data-target="98.1" data-suffix="%" data-dec="1">0</div><div class="stat-lbl">D3 Accuracy (binary)</div></div>
      <div class="stat-box"><div class="stat-num" data-target="11.4" data-suffix="%" data-dec="1">0</div><div class="stat-lbl">vs Base Paper ↑</div></div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<hr class="section-divider">

<!-- BASE PAPER COMPARISON -->
<section class="section" id="comparison">
  <div class="sec-eyebrow">Extending prior work</div>
  <div class="sec-h2">Our work vs <em>Tumaliuan et al. (2024)</em></div>
  <p class="sec-lead">Dataset 1 is structurally equivalent to the base paper's Filipino Twitter corpus β€” same 6-class task, same clinical annotation method β€” making a direct F1 comparison valid.</p>

  <div class="comparison-wrap">
    <div class="comp-card theirs">
      <div class="comp-label">Tumaliuan et al. β€” 2024</div>
      <div class="comp-title">Filipino Twitter Depression</div>
      <div class="comp-sub">Frontiers in Computer Science Β· word2vec pipeline</div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon bad">βœ•</div><div class="comp-text">Used <strong><span class="gloss" data-tip="word2vec (2013): maps words to fixed vectors based on co-occurrence. Cannot understand negation ('not happy' β‰ˆ 'happy') or context. Superseded by transformers.">word2vec</span></strong> (2013) β€” static embeddings, no negation handling</div></div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon bad">βœ•</div><div class="comp-text"><strong><span class="gloss" data-tip="SVM (Support Vector Machine): finds the maximum-margin hyperplane separating classes. Very effective for high-dimensional text features like TF-IDF. Gold standard for NLP before transformers.">SVM never tested</span></strong> β€” absent from evaluation despite being NLP gold standard</div></div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon bad">βœ•</div><div class="comp-text"><strong><span class="gloss" data-tip="XGBoost: gradient-boosted decision trees. Sequentially builds trees to correct previous errors. Handles imbalanced data well and often beats random forests on tabular/sparse features.">XGBoost never tested</span></strong> β€” gradient boosting entirely absent</div></div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon bad">βœ•</div><div class="comp-text">Class imbalance listed as <strong>limitation β€” never resolved</strong></div></div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon bad">βœ•</div><div class="comp-text"><strong>Restricted dataset</strong> β€” requires author permission to access</div></div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon bad">βœ•</div><div class="comp-text"><strong>Accuracy not verified</strong> β€” no reproducible baseline reported</div></div>
      <div class="comp-f1-row"><span class="comp-f1-label">Best Accuracy</span><span class="comp-f1-val">~81%</span></div>
    </div>

    <div class="comp-middle">
      <div class="comp-arrow">β†’</div>
      <div class="comp-delta">+11.4%</div>
      <div class="comp-delta-lbl">accuracy gain (D1)</div>
    </div>

    <div class="comp-card ours">
      <div class="comp-label">MindScan β€” 2026</div>
      <div class="comp-title">English Twitter + Reddit</div>
      <div class="comp-sub">Zenodo (Nusrat 2024) Β· XLM-RoBERTa + SVM + XGBoost</div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon good">βœ“</div><div class="comp-text"><strong><span class="gloss" data-tip="XLM-RoBERTa: 278M-parameter multilingual transformer. Fine-tuned on 100 languages. Produces contextual embeddings β€” the same word gets different vectors depending on surrounding context. Understands negation, irony, and long-range dependencies.">XLM-RoBERTa</span></strong> (2019) β€” contextual embeddings, understands negation</div></div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon good">βœ“</div><div class="comp-text"><strong>SVM added</strong> β€” best D1 accuracy 92.36%, beats transformer (90.52%)</div></div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon good">βœ“</div><div class="comp-text"><strong>XGBoost added</strong> β€” accuracy 91.76%, gradient boosting for imbalanced data</div></div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon good">βœ“</div><div class="comp-text"><span class="gloss" data-tip="SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique): generates synthetic training samples for minority classes by interpolating between existing minority-class examples in feature space. Applied to training data only β€” never the test set.">SMOTE</span> applied β€” <strong>imbalance resolved</strong>, all 6 classes equalised to 2,997</div></div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon good">βœ“</div><div class="comp-text"><strong>Public dataset</strong> β€” fully reproducible, anyone can verify results</div></div>
      <div class="comp-row"><div class="comp-icon good">βœ“</div><div class="comp-text"><strong>Accuracy verified</strong> on held-out 20% test set, same 6-class task</div></div>
      <div class="comp-f1-row"><span class="comp-f1-label">Best Accuracy (D1 SVM)</span><span class="comp-f1-val">92.4%</span></div>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>

<hr class="section-divider">

<!-- METHODOLOGY -->
<section class="section" id="methodology">
  <div class="sec-eyebrow">Methodology</div>
  <div class="sec-h2">Three-step <em>pipeline</em></div>
  <p class="sec-lead"><span class="gloss" data-tip="CRISP-DM: Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining. 6 phases: Business Understanding β†’ Data Understanding β†’ Data Preparation β†’ Modelling β†’ Evaluation β†’ Deployment. The de facto lifecycle framework for data science projects.">CRISP-DM</span> applied across all three datasets β€” from raw social media text to parallel ensemble predictions.</p>

  <div class="method-steps">
    <div class="method-step active" onclick="showMethodDetail(0)">
      <div class="ms-dot">01</div>
      <div class="ms-title">Data</div>
      <div class="ms-body">3 clinical datasets spanning Twitter and Reddit, covering depression types, binary detection, and suicide risk.</div>
    </div>
    <div class="method-step" onclick="showMethodDetail(1)">
      <div class="ms-dot">02</div>
      <div class="ms-title">Preprocessing</div>
      <div class="ms-body">6-stage text cleaning pipeline + SMOTE oversampling to address class imbalance left unresolved by the base paper.</div>
    </div>
    <div class="method-step" onclick="showMethodDetail(2)">
      <div class="ms-dot">03</div>
      <div class="ms-title">Modelling</div>
      <div class="ms-body">Parallel ensemble of 12 classifiers β€” all run independently on every prediction, never as a sequential cascade.</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="method-detail">
    <!-- Panel 0: Data -->
    <div class="md-panel active" id="mdp0">
      <div class="md-title"><div class="md-title-dot"></div>Dataset Overview</div>
      <div class="md-grid">
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl">D1 β€” Depression Types (Zenodo 14233292)</div>
          <div class="md-block-val"><em>14,983 tweets Β· 6 classes</em> β€” Postpartum (3,746), Major Depressive (2,517), Bipolar (2,443), Psychotic (2,312), No Depression (1,985), Atypical (1,980). Psychiatrist-verified labels. Class imbalance ratio: 1.89Γ—.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl">D2 β€” Binary Depression (Kaggle: albertobellardini)</div>
          <div class="md-block-val"><em>10,314 tweets Β· 2 classes</em> β€” Not Depressed (8,000) / Depressed (2,314). Severe class imbalance: <strong>3.46Γ—</strong>. Twitter short-form text. SMOTE applied to training set (8,251 β†’ 12,800 samples). Trained on Twitter affect patterns β€” may underdetect atypical presentations.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl">D3 β€” Suicide Risk (Kaggle: nikhileswarkomati)</div>
          <div class="md-block-val"><em>232,074 Reddit posts Β· 2 classes</em> β€” Suicide / Non-Suicide (perfectly balanced, 116,037 each). Suicide posts average <em>200.8 words</em> (mean), non-suicide posts 63 words. We sample <em>50K posts</em> and compare against full/half splits to answer RQ2.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl">Business Context</div>
          <div class="md-block-val">A clinically-motivated framework for social media monitoring β€” applicable to platform-level moderation, mental health triage, and early intervention systems. Complements rather than replaces clinical assessment.</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- Panel 1: Preprocessing -->
    <div class="md-panel" id="mdp1">
      <div class="md-title"><div class="md-title-dot"></div>Preprocessing Pipeline</div>
      <div class="md-grid">
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl"><span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('clean_text')">6-Stage Text Cleaning</span></div>
          <div class="md-block-val">1. Lowercase Β· 2. Strip URLs &amp; http links Β· 3. Remove @mentions Β· 4. Remove # symbols Β· 5. Strip punctuation Β· 6. Collapse whitespace. Applied identically across all three datasets for consistency.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl"><span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('smote')">SMOTE β€” Synthetic Oversampling</span></div>
          <div class="md-block-val">Applied to D1 and D2 training sets only (D3 is pre-balanced). D1: 11,986 β†’ <em>17,982 samples</em>. D2: 8,251 β†’ <em>12,800 samples</em>. Creates synthetic clinical neighbours in TF-IDF feature space. Directly addresses the base paper's (Tumaliuan 2024) biggest limitation β€” they trained on raw imbalanced data.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl"><span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('tfidf')">Feature Extraction β€” TF-IDF</span></div>
          <div class="md-block-val"><span class="gloss" data-tip="TF-IDF (Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency): scores each word by how often it appears in a document (TF) divided by how common it is across all documents (IDF). Settings: max_features=50,000, ngram_range=(1,2), sublinear_tf=True, min_df=2.">TF-IDF</span> vectoriser with unigrams + bigrams, fitted per-dataset on training data only. Captures frequency-weighted term co-occurrence patterns, well-suited for short Twitter text.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl"><span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('tokeniser')">Feature Extraction β€” Tokeniser</span></div>
          <div class="md-block-val">XLM-RoBERTa tokeniser (max 128 tokens D1/D2, 256 tokens D3) with padding. Pre-trained multilingual contextual embeddings capture semantic meaning and long-range dependencies β€” critical for Reddit's longer posts.</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- Panel 2: Modelling -->
    <div class="md-panel" id="mdp2">
      <div class="md-title"><div class="md-title-dot"></div>Ensemble Strategy &amp; Architecture</div>
      <div class="md-grid">
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl">4 Models per Dataset (12 total)</div>
          <div class="md-block-val"><span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('lr')">Logistic Regression</span> β€” L2 regularised, max_iter=1000. <span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('svm')">SVM</span> β€” LinearSVC, C=1.0. <span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('xgb')">XGBoost</span> β€” 300 estimators, max_depth=6. <span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('xlmr_ft')">XLM-RoBERTa</span> β€” fine-tuned multilingual transformer, <em>278M parameters</em>, lr=2e-5, 3 epochs.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl"><span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('majority_vote')">Ensemble Vote β€” Risk Flag Logic</span></div>
          <div class="md-block-val">All 12 models run simultaneously on every input. A sequential design (check depression first, then suicide risk) would <strong>miss masked suicidality</strong> β€” a clinically documented pre-crisis pattern where affect appears normal but intent is resolved. Parallelism is a safety requirement, not a design preference.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl">XGBoost Algorithm Collapse</div>
          <div class="md-block-val">XGBoost accuracy on D3: <em>91.6% (50K sample) β†’ 70.5% (Full 232K) β†’ 60.1% (H1 116K)</em>. Performance degrades as training data grows. The H1/H2 results are also inconsistent (60.1% vs 71.0%) β€” gradient boosting is highly sensitive to data distribution shifts at this scale, making it unreliable for large Reddit corpora.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="md-block">
          <div class="md-block-lbl"><span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('split_study')">D3 Split Study (RQ2)</span></div>
          <div class="md-block-val">D3 trained on 4 configurations: Full (232K), Half 1 (116K), Half 2 (116K), Sample (50K). XLM-RoBERTa accuracy: <em>98.1% (50K) β†’ 97.8% (H1) β†’ 98.0% (H2/Full)</em>. Ξ” = 0.3% across 4Γ— more data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests confirm all splits share identical distributions (p &gt; 0.49), validating the comparison.</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>

<hr class="section-divider">

<!-- ACCURACY EVIDENCE MATRIX -->
<section class="section" id="matrix">
  <div class="sec-eyebrow">Core evaluation</div>
  <div class="sec-h2">Accuracy <em>Evidence Matrix</em></div>
  <p class="sec-lead">All 4 models evaluated across all dataset splits. <strong>Bold</strong> = winner per row. <span style="color:var(--red)">Red</span> = XGBoost collapse on larger training sets. β€” <span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('eval_metrics')">How metrics are computed</span></p>

  <div class="matrix-wrap">
    <table class="matrix-tbl">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>Dataset / Split</th>
          <th><span class="gloss" data-tip="Logistic Regression: linear model trained with L2 regularisation (max_iter=1000). Fast, interpretable baseline. Outputs class probabilities via sigmoid/softmax. Works well with TF-IDF sparse vectors.">Logistic Regression</span></th>
          <th><span class="gloss" data-tip="SVM (Support Vector Machine): LinearSVC, C=1.0. Finds maximum-margin hyperplane in TF-IDF feature space. Best classical model on D1 β€” short tweets give TF-IDF enough signal to beat contextual embeddings.">SVM</span></th>
          <th><span class="gloss" data-tip="XGBoost: gradient-boosted trees, 300 estimators, max_depth=6. Sequentially corrects previous errors. Collapses on D3 (71%) β€” vocabulary overlap between depressive and suicidal language confuses boosted trees.">XGBoost</span></th>
          <th><span class="gloss" data-tip="XLM-RoBERTa: 278M-parameter multilingual transformer. Fine-tuned with lr=2e-5, 3 epochs. Max 128 tokens (D1/D2) or 256 tokens (D3). Best on long-form Reddit posts β€” contextual embeddings capture meaning beyond keyword matching.">XLM-RoBERTa</span></th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td><div class="ds-label"><span class="ds-badge" style="background:var(--blue-bg);color:var(--blue)">D1</span> Depression Types</div></td>
          <td>91.5%</td>
          <td class="winner">92.4%</td>
          <td>91.8%</td>
          <td>90.5%</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td><div class="ds-label"><span class="ds-badge" style="background:var(--amber-bg);color:var(--amber)">D2</span> Binary Depression</div></td>
          <td>98.9%</td>
          <td>97.1%</td>
          <td>99.3%</td>
          <td class="winner">99.9%</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td><div class="ds-label"><span class="ds-badge" style="background:var(--red-bg);color:var(--red)">D3</span> Full (232K)</div></td>
          <td>94.3%</td>
          <td>94.6%</td>
          <td class="collapsed">70.5%</td>
          <td class="winner">98.0%</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td><div class="ds-label"><span class="ds-badge" style="background:var(--blue-bg);color:var(--blue)">D3</span> Half 1 (116K)</div></td>
          <td>93.8%</td>
          <td>94.2%</td>
          <td class="collapsed">60.1%</td>
          <td class="winner">97.8%</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td><div class="ds-label"><span class="ds-badge" style="background:var(--amber-bg);color:var(--amber)">D3</span> Half 2 (116K)</div></td>
          <td>93.7%</td>
          <td>94.2%</td>
          <td class="collapsed">71.0%</td>
          <td class="winner">98.0%</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td><div class="ds-label"><span class="ds-badge" style="background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green)">D3</span> Sample (50K) β˜…</div></td>
          <td>93.2%</td>
          <td>93.7%</td>
          <td>91.6%</td>
          <td class="winner">98.1%</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
  </div>
  <p class="matrix-footnote"><strong>Note:</strong> Full performance evaluation including Macro F1-Score, Cohen's Kappa, and per-class metrics are documented in the Final IEEE Report. Accuracy is shown here as the primary comparative metric for cross-dataset validation.</p>
</section>

<hr class="section-divider">

<!-- FINDINGS -->
<section class="section" id="findings">
  <div class="sec-eyebrow">Key findings</div>
  <div class="sec-h2">What the results <em>show</em></div>
  <p class="sec-lead">Four insights that directly answer the research questions.</p>

  <div class="findings-grid">
    <div class="finding">
      <div class="finding-n">01</div>
      <div class="finding-t">SVM is the best model for short-form text</div>
      <div class="finding-b">On 6-class depression type classification (D1), SVM achieves the highest Accuracy of 92.4%. Tweets average 31 words β€” too short for transformer contextual embeddings to gain advantage over TF-IDF bigrams.</div>
      <div class="finding-chip">D1 Accuracy: SVM 92.4%</div>
    </div>
    <div class="finding">
      <div class="finding-n">02</div>
      <div class="finding-t">XLM-RoBERTa is the best model for long-form text</div>
      <div class="finding-b">On Reddit suicide risk posts (D3), XLM-RoBERTa achieves 98.1% Accuracy with the 50K sample. Suicide posts average 200.8 words β€” rich enough context for transformer embeddings to dominate every competitor. D2 (Twitter, ~31 words) tells the opposite story.</div>
      <div class="finding-chip">D3 Accuracy: XLM-RoBERTa 98.1%</div>
    </div>
    <div class="finding">
      <div class="finding-n">03</div>
      <div class="finding-t">Increasing data size provided no significant gain</div>
      <div class="finding-b">Scaling from 50K to 232K samples produced only a 0.1% change in XLM-RoBERTa Accuracy (98.1% β†’ 98.0%). Adding 182,000 more training examples gave no meaningful improvement, validating the 50K sample.</div>
      <div class="finding-chip">50K β†’ 232K: Ξ” Accuracy = 0.1%</div>
    </div>
    <div class="finding">
      <div class="finding-n">04</div>
      <div class="finding-t">Social media affect β‰  clinical presentation</div>
      <div class="finding-b">D2 was trained on Twitter-style emotional language (explicit distress, slang). Clinical presentations β€” anhedonia ("nothing feels enjoyable"), fatigue, flat affect β€” use a different lexicon and are systematically under-flagged. This is the documented <em>Affective vs. Clinical Lexicon Gap</em>: models trained on social media affect fail to recognise diagnostic-criteria language.</div>
      <div class="finding-chip">D2 limitation β€” documented failure mode</div>
    </div>
    <div class="finding">
      <div class="finding-n">05</div>
      <div class="finding-t">Parallel architecture is the safety net</div>
      <div class="finding-b">When D2 misses a clinical presentation, D1 and D3 can still catch it. When classical D3 models over-flag depressive vocabulary, XLM-RoBERTa's contextual understanding overrides them. No single model is sufficient β€” the parallel ensemble exists precisely because each model's failure mode is different and partially compensated by the others.</div>
      <div class="finding-chip">Multi-task learning precedent β€” Zogan et al. 2024</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>

<hr class="section-divider">

<!-- CONCLUSIONS & VERDICT -->
<section class="section" id="verdict">
  <div class="sec-eyebrow">Conclusions</div>
  <div class="sec-h2">Research <em>verdict</em></div>
  <p class="sec-lead">Direct answers to both research questions, and the key limitations of the study.</p>

  <div class="verdict-grid">
    <div class="verdict-card rq">
      <div class="vc-eyebrow">RQ1 β€” Best model</div>
      <div class="vc-title">No single model wins across all tasks</div>
      <div class="vc-body">SVM (92.4%) wins on short-form Twitter text (D1) where TF-IDF bigrams capture enough signal. XLM-RoBERTa wins on long-form Reddit posts (D2: 99.9%, D3: 98.1%) where contextual embeddings dominate. Model selection must be text-length aware.</div>
      <div class="vc-chip">SVM for short text Β· XLM-RoBERTa for long text</div>
    </div>
    <div class="verdict-card rq">
      <div class="vc-eyebrow">RQ2 β€” Dataset size</div>
      <div class="vc-title">More data gave no meaningful gain</div>
      <div class="vc-body">Scaling from 50K to 232K training samples produced only a 0.1% change in XLM-RoBERTa Accuracy (98.1% β†’ 98.0%). For this task and model, the 50K sample captures the full signal β€” there is no statistically significant benefit from 4Γ— more data.</div>
      <div class="vc-chip">50K sample is sufficient Β· Ξ” = 0.1%</div>
    </div>
    <div class="verdict-card lim">
      <div class="vc-eyebrow">Limitation 1 β€” Affective vs. Clinical Lexicon Gap</div>
      <div class="vc-title">Social media affect β‰  clinical diagnostic criteria</div>
      <div class="vc-body">D2 was trained on Twitter explicit emotional language. Clinical presentations using diagnostic vocabulary β€” anhedonia ("nothing feels enjoyable"), psychomotor fatigue, flat affect β€” do not match that training distribution and are systematically under-flagged. This is empirical evidence of the domain gap between self-reported social media affect and clinical language, not a model defect.</div>
      <div class="vc-chip">Documented domain gap β€” Finding 04</div>
    </div>
    <div class="verdict-card lim">
      <div class="vc-eyebrow">Limitation 2 β€” Classical model lexical overfitting</div>
      <div class="vc-title">TF-IDF ignores word order and context</div>
      <div class="vc-body">Classical D3 models (LR, SVM, XGBoost) use TF-IDF bag-of-words features. Vocabulary overlapping with r/SuicideWatch posts (e.g. "exhausted", "nothing feels enjoyable") triggers false-positive suicide flags β€” the model sees matching tokens without understanding the sentence context. XLM-RoBERTa's contextual embeddings override these false positives, demonstrating why the transformer is the reliable D3 winner.</div>
      <div class="vc-chip">TF-IDF lexical overfitting β€” defer to XLM-RoBERTa</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>

<hr class="section-divider">

<!-- LIVE DEMO -->
<div class="demo-section" id="demo">
  <div class="sec-eyebrow">Live inference</div>
  <div class="sec-h2" style="margin-bottom:8px">Try it β€” <em>winner model per task</em></div>
  <p class="sec-lead" style="margin-bottom:12px">Sample 3 demonstrates masked suicidality. Try typing clinical-style depressive language ("I feel exhausted, nothing feels enjoyable") to observe the Affective vs. Clinical Lexicon Gap documented in Finding 04.</p>
  <p style="font-size:13px;color:var(--ink2);margin-bottom:24px">How the demo works: <span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('flask_deploy')">Flask β†’ HuggingFace proxy</span> Β· <span class="cm-term" onclick="openCM('predict_flow')">predict_all() inference flow</span></p>

  <div class="disclaimer"><strong>Research prototype only.</strong> Not a clinical tool. If you or someone you know is in crisis, please contact a mental health professional or emergency services immediately.</div>

  <div class="input-card">
    <textarea id="textInput" placeholder="Enter any text β€” tweet, Reddit post, or sentence..."></textarea>
    <div class="input-foot">
      <div class="char-count" id="charCount">0 characters</div>
      <div class="samples">
        <button class="sbtn" onclick="loadSample(0)">Sample 1 β€” Postpartum</button>
        <button class="sbtn" onclick="loadSample(1)">Sample 2 β€” Psychotic</button>
        <button class="sbtn danger" onclick="loadSample(2)"><div class="sbtn-pulse"></div>Sample 3 β€” Masked risk</button>
        <button class="sbtn" onclick="loadSample(3)">Sample 4 β€” No issue</button>
      </div>
    </div>
    <button class="run-btn" id="runBtn" onclick="runAnalysis()">
      <div class="spinner" id="spinner"></div>
      <span id="btnTxt">Run analysis</span>
    </button>
  </div>

  <div class="results" id="results">
    <div class="risk-banner" id="riskBanner">
      <div class="rb-icon" id="rbIcon"></div>
      <div><div class="rb-title" id="rbTitle"></div><div class="rb-body" id="rbBody"></div></div>
    </div>

    <!-- Clinical Insight Alert β€” shown when patterns warrant clinical interpretation -->
    <div class="clinical-insight" id="clinicalInsight">
      <div class="ci-title" id="ciTitle"></div>
      <div class="ci-body" id="ciBody"></div>
    </div>

    <div class="results-hdr">
      <div class="results-hdr-title">Analysis results</div>
      <div class="elapsed-chip" id="elapsed"></div>
    </div>

    <!-- Cards ordered D3 β†’ D2 β†’ D1 (safety-first triage) -->
    <div class="winner-grid" id="winnerGrid">
      <div class="win-card d3" id="cardD3">
        <div class="wc-lbl">D3 β€” Immediate Risk Β· XLM-RoBERTa</div>
        <div class="wc-pred" id="wpC">β€”</div>
        <div class="conf-row"><div class="conf-track"><div class="conf-fill" id="wbC"></div></div><div class="conf-pct" id="wcC">β€”</div></div>
        <div class="wc-meta">98.1% Accuracy on D3</div>
      </div>
      <div class="win-card d2" id="cardD2">
        <div class="wc-lbl">D2 β€” Depressed? Β· XLM-RoBERTa</div>
        <div class="wc-pred" id="wpB">β€”</div>
        <div class="conf-row"><div class="conf-track"><div class="conf-fill" id="wbB"></div></div><div class="conf-pct" id="wcB">β€”</div></div>
        <div class="wc-meta">99.9% Accuracy on D2</div>
      </div>
      <div class="win-card d1" id="cardD1">
        <div class="wc-lbl">D1 β€” Depression type Β· SVM</div>
        <div class="wc-pred" id="wpA">β€”</div>
        <div class="conf-row"><div class="conf-track"><div class="conf-fill" id="wbA"></div></div><div class="conf-pct" id="wcA">β€”</div></div>
        <div class="wc-meta">92.4% Accuracy on D1</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- CODE MODAL OVERLAY -->
<div class="cm-overlay" id="cmOverlay" onclick="closeCMOutside(event)">
  <div class="cm-box" id="cmBox">
    <div class="cm-head">
      <div class="cm-title" id="cmTitle"></div>
      <button class="cm-close" onclick="closeCM()">βœ•</button>
    </div>
    <div class="cm-tabs">
      <div class="cm-tab active" onclick="switchCMTab(0)">Code</div>
      <div class="cm-tab" onclick="switchCMTab(1)">Why</div>
      <div class="cm-tab" onclick="switchCMTab(2)">Output</div>
    </div>
    <div class="cm-body">
      <div class="cm-panel active" id="cmt0"></div>
      <div class="cm-panel" id="cmt1"></div>
      <div class="cm-panel" id="cmt2"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<hr class="section-divider">

<!-- FAQ SECTION -->
<section class="faq-section" id="faq">
  <div class="sec-eyebrow">Defence prep</div>
  <div class="sec-h2">Frequently asked <em>questions</em></div>
  <p class="sec-lead">Click any question to expand the answer. Grouped by topic for quick navigation during Q&amp;A.</p>

  <div class="faq-group">
    <div class="faq-group-title">Data &amp; Datasets</div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">What are the three datasets and what makes them different? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">D1 β€” 6-class depression type classification (atypical, bipolar, major depressive, no depression, postpartum, psychotic) from Kaggle. Twitter-length text, 11,986 samples. D2 β€” binary depressed/not-depressed from Twitter (10,314 samples, severe 3.46Γ— imbalance). D3 β€” binary suicide/non-suicide from Reddit (232K samples, perfectly balanced 116,037 each β€” we use a 50K sample of 25K per class). Each dataset has a different task, different text length, and different vocabulary domain β€” which is precisely why running all three in parallel is informative.</div></div>
    </div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">How did you handle class imbalance? Why SMOTE and not class weighting? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">D1 had 1.89Γ— imbalance (atypical class), D2 had 3.46Γ— imbalance. We applied <code>SMOTE</code> to training data only β€” never the test set. SMOTE interpolates new synthetic samples in TF-IDF feature space between existing minority-class examples. Class weighting was also evaluated; SMOTE showed equal or better Macro F1 in cross-validation. D3 was pre-balanced and required no oversampling.</div></div>
    </div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">Is there any data leakage in your pipeline? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">No. The train/test split (stratified 80/20) is performed first. SMOTE is then applied only to the training portion. The TF-IDF vocabulary is fitted on training data only and applied as a read-only transform to the test set. XLM-RoBERTa uses a fixed pretrained tokeniser. No test sample was ever used to inform any training decision.</div></div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="faq-group">
    <div class="faq-group-title">Methodology &amp; Models</div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">Why four model types per dataset? Why not just use the best one? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">Each captures a different inductive bias: Logistic Regression (linear decision boundary), SVM (maximum-margin), Random Forest/XGBoost (non-linear tree ensembles), XLM-RoBERTa (contextual transformer). Disagreement between models is itself a signal. On D1, SVM (92.4%) beats XLM-RoBERTa (90.5%) β€” short tweets don't give the transformer enough context to gain advantage. On D3 (200.8-word Reddit posts), XLM-RoBERTa (98.1%) dominates every classical model.</div></div>
    </div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">What are your TF-IDF settings and why? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner"><code>max_features=50,000</code> β€” covers the full relevant vocabulary without noise. <code>ngram_range=(1,2)</code> β€” unigrams + bigrams capture local phrases ("not happy", "kill myself") that unigrams miss. <code>sublinear_tf=True</code> β€” applies log(1+tf) to dampen high-frequency word dominance. <code>min_df=2</code> β€” removes hapax legomena (words appearing only once) that add noise.</div></div>
    </div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">How was XLM-RoBERTa fine-tuned? What hyperparameters? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">Standard sequence classification fine-tuning: Adam optimiser, <code>lr=2e-5</code>, <code>3 epochs</code>, linear warmup scheduler. Max token length: 128 for D1/D2 (Twitter-length text), 256 for D3 (Reddit posts average 200.8 words). Cross-entropy loss. Best checkpoint saved by validation accuracy. 278M parameters β€” multilingual pretraining covers 100 languages.</div></div>
    </div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">Why did XGBoost collapse on D3 at full scale? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">On the 50K sample, XGBoost achieves 91.6% β€” competitive. At full scale (232K), it collapses to 70.52% (Macro F1: 0.6998). This is TF-IDF lexical overfitting: vocabulary overlap between "suicide" and "non-suicide" Reddit posts increases with scale β€” words like "exhausted", "hopeless", "nothing matters" appear in both classes. Boosted trees memorise these majority-class token patterns instead of learning discriminative boundaries. H1 (116K) drops further to 60.1%, and H1 vs H2 are inconsistent (60.1% vs 70.9%), confirming XGBoost is unstable at this data scale. XLM-RoBERTa stays at 98.1% across all splits.</div></div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="faq-group">
    <div class="faq-group-title">Results &amp; Evaluation</div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">Why is SVM accuracy 92.4% on D1 but XLM-RoBERTa (278M params) only gets 90.5%? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">Text length. D1 tweets average ~31 words. Transformers need rich context to outperform classical methods β€” contextual embeddings add little value on ~40-token inputs. TF-IDF bigrams on short explicit text (like tweets) already capture the full signal. This is Finding 01 and one of the key research conclusions: model selection must be text-length aware.</div></div>
    </div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">Why show accuracy rather than Macro F1? Isn't accuracy misleading on imbalanced data? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">The dashboard shows accuracy for accessibility (non-specialist audience). After SMOTE, all training classes are equalised β€” so accuracy and Macro F1 are closely aligned. The full Macro F1, Cohen's Kappa, and per-class precision/recall are reported in the IEEE technical report. The evidence matrix footnote notes this explicitly.</div></div>
    </div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">Did adding more training data (50K β†’ 232K) improve D3 results? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">No β€” XLM-RoBERTa: 98.1% (50K, NB2) Β· 98.02% (Full 232K) Β· 97.78% (H1) Β· 98.02% (H2). Maximum delta = 0.32%. KS tests across the three split study splits (Full, H1, H2) confirm identical distributions: suicide class p=0.4967 (H1 vs H2), p=0.9758 (Full vs H1); non-suicide class p=0.8125 (H1 vs H2), p=0.9992 (Full vs H1). All well above the p=0.05 threshold β€” distribution shift is not driving the results. This is Finding 03.</div></div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="faq-group">
    <div class="faq-group-title">Architecture &amp; Live Demo</div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">Is the live demo using real models or hardcoded responses? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">Real models. The Flask app proxies every request to a HuggingFace Space (<code>esvanth-mindscan.hf.space</code>) which runs <code>predict.py</code> with all 12 loaded models. There is no hardcoded data β€” every input goes through the full pipeline. If the Space is sleeping it auto-wakes within ~60 seconds.</div></div>
    </div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">What does "Ensemble Conflict" (amber banner) mean? Why not just show red? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">It means classical D3 models (LR/SVM/XGBoost) flagged suicide risk by majority vote, but XLM-RoBERTa β€” the best model at 98.1% accuracy β€” disagrees. A pure majority vote could trigger false alarms on metaphorical language ("I'm dying of embarrassment"). The amber state expresses uncertainty rather than forcing a binary decision, which maps directly to "escalate for human review" β€” the appropriate clinical-conservative response.</div></div>
    </div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">Why does D2 under-flag clinical-style text like "I feel exhausted, nothing feels enjoyable"? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">This is the Affective vs. Clinical Lexicon Gap (Finding 04, documented in NAACL 2024). D2 was trained on Twitter emotional language β€” explicit distress, slang, emotional punctuation. Clinical presentations use diagnostic vocabulary: anhedonia ("nothing feels enjoyable"), psychomotor fatigue, flat affect. These words are absent from D2's training distribution. This is not a bug β€” it is an empirical finding about the domain gap between social media affect and clinical language.</div></div>
    </div>
    <div class="faq-item">
      <button class="faq-q" onclick="toggleFaq(this)">What is the single most important future direction? <span class="faq-chevron">β–Ό</span></button>
      <div class="faq-a"><div class="faq-a-inner">Replace TF-IDF classical models with <strong>MentalBERT/MentalRoBERTa</strong> (Ji et al. 2022) pretrained on mental health forum data. Combine all three tasks in a true multi-task learning setup with a shared encoder and task-specific heads β€” following the MTL precedent from Zogan et al. (2024). This would address both documented limitations (Affective Lexicon Gap and TF-IDF overfitting) simultaneously.</div></div>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>

<footer>
  MindScan Β· NCI H9DAI Research Project 2026 Β· Academic Prototype Only<br>
  Datasets: Zenodo 14233292 Β· Kaggle albertobellardini Β· Kaggle nikhileswarkomati<br>
  Not for clinical use Β· MSc Artificial Intelligence coursework
</footer>

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  "The universe is sending me signals I should follow. I know it's the psychosis. I know it isn't real. But it feels so real every single day.",
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const CM_DATA = {
  clean_text: {
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    text = re.sub(r'http\\S+|www\\S+|https\\S+', '', text)
    # remove @mentions
    text = re.sub(r'@\\w+', '', text)
    # remove # symbol (keep hashtag word)
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    # strip all punctuation
    text = text.translate(
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    )
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    return text`,
    src: 'notebooks/DA_Notebook_One.ipynb β€” cell 5 Β· notebooks/DA_2_Notebook.ipynb β€” cell 6 Β· predict.py lines 106–113',
    why: '<strong>Why lowercase?</strong> "Sad" and "sad" must map to the same TF-IDF token. <strong>Why remove URLs?</strong> Hundreds of unique tokens, zero semantic value β€” pure noise. <strong>Why keep hashtag words?</strong> "#depressed" β†’ "depressed" preserves the semantic signal, removes the markup. <strong>Why no stemming?</strong> Stemming degrades bigram quality β€” "kill myself" would become "kill myself" but "killing" β†’ "kill" breaks n-gram boundaries. Same function is used at both training time (notebook) and inference time (predict.py) to guarantee identical preprocessing.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'Input', val:'"I been going through #Depression after @user check https://t.co/xyz!!"'},
      {label:'Output', val:'"i been going through depression after check"'},
      {label:'Note', val:'Applied to all 3 datasets before TF-IDF and before XLM-RoBERTa tokenisation'},
    ]
  },
  smote: {
    title: 'SMOTE β€” Synthetic Minority Oversampling',
    code: `def apply_smote(X_train, y_train):
    before = Counter(y_train)
    smote = SMOTE(random_state=42)
    X_bal, y_bal = smote.fit_resample(X_train, y_train)
    after = Counter(y_bal)
    print(f'SMOTE: {sum(before.values())} β†’ {sum(after.values())}')
    return X_bal, y_bal

# Called AFTER TF-IDF vectorisation, AFTER train/test split
X1_bal, y1_bal = apply_smote(X1_tr_tf, y1_tr)`,
    src: 'notebooks/DA_Notebook_One.ipynb β€” cell 5 (apply_smote def) Β· cell 10 (D1 call) Β· cell 17 (D2 call) Β· D3 skipped',
    why: '<strong>Why after TF-IDF?</strong> SMOTE interpolates in feature space β€” it creates synthetic TF-IDF vectors, not synthetic text. <strong>Why not before the split?</strong> Applying SMOTE before splitting would let synthetic samples leak into the test set β€” the test set must contain only real data. <strong>Why not class_weight instead?</strong> Class weighting reweights the loss function β€” it doesn\'t add new training examples. SMOTE was chosen because it physically fills the minority-class region of feature space, giving tree-based models (RF, XGB) more to learn from. <strong>D3 skipped:</strong> D3 is pre-balanced (116K each class) β€” no intervention needed.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'D1', val:'11,986 β†’ 17,982 samples (atypical: 1,584 β†’ 2,997, each class equalised)'},
      {label:'D2', val:'8,251 β†’ 12,800 samples (Depressed: 1,851 β†’ 6,400)'},
      {label:'D3', val:'Skipped β€” pre-balanced at 116,037 per class'},
    ]
  },
  tfidf: {
    title: 'TfidfVectorizer β€” Feature Extraction',
    code: `def make_tfidf(X_train, X_test, max_features=50000):
    tfidf = TfidfVectorizer(
        max_features=50000,   # top 50K tokens by corpus frequency
        ngram_range=(1, 2),   # unigrams AND bigrams
        sublinear_tf=True,    # log(1+tf) instead of raw tf
        min_df=2              # ignore tokens appearing < 2 times
    )
    Xtr = tfidf.fit_transform(X_train)  # fit on train only
    Xte = tfidf.transform(X_test)       # apply to test (no fit)
    return tfidf, Xtr, Xte`,
    src: 'notebooks/DA_Notebook_One.ipynb β€” cell 5 (make_tfidf def) Β· cell 10 (D1) Β· cell 17 (D2) Β· cell 22 (D3)',
    why: '<strong>ngram_range=(1,2):</strong> Bigrams capture "kill myself", "not happy", "feeling better" β€” critical signals that unigrams miss entirely. <strong>sublinear_tf=True:</strong> Applies log(1+tf) to dampen high-frequency word dominance. Without this, common words like "i", "feel" swamp the features. <strong>min_df=2:</strong> Removes hapax legomena (words appearing only once) β€” they add 0 generalisable information. <strong>fit only on train:</strong> Vocabulary is locked on training data β€” the test set is transformed using this fixed vocabulary, preventing any data leakage.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'D1 shape', val:'11,986 Γ— 50,000 sparse matrix (tweets Γ— features)'},
      {label:'D2 shape', val:'8,251 Γ— 50,000 sparse matrix'},
      {label:'D3 shape', val:'40,000 Γ— 50,000 sparse matrix'},
      {label:'After SMOTE', val:'D1 becomes 17,982 Γ— 50,000, D2 becomes 12,800 Γ— 50,000'},
    ]
  },
  tokeniser: {
    title: 'XLM-RoBERTa Tokeniser',
    code: `tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(
    'FacebookAI/xlm-roberta-base'
)

def tokenize_tweets(examples):
    return tokenizer(
        examples['text'],
        max_length=128,      # 128 for D1/D2 (tweets avg ~40 tokens)
        truncation=True,     # cut anything beyond max_length
        padding='max_length' # pad shorter inputs to fixed length
    )

# D3 uses max_length=256 β€” Reddit posts avg 200.8 words (~280 tokens)
def tokenize_reddit(examples):
    return tokenizer(
        examples['text'],
        max_length=256,
        truncation=True,
        padding='max_length'
    )`,
    src: 'notebooks/DA_2_Notebook.ipynb β€” cell 9 (tokenize_tweets, max_length=128, D1/D2) Β· cell 21 (tokenize_reddit, max_length=256, D3)',
    why: '<strong>SentencePiece subword tokenisation:</strong> Splits unknown words into subword pieces β€” "suicidal" might become ["su", "ici", "dal"]. No word is truly out-of-vocabulary. <strong>max_length=128 for D1/D2:</strong> Tweets average ~31 words β‰ˆ 40 tokens. 128 is 3Γ— headroom. <strong>max_length=256 for D3:</strong> Reddit posts average 200.8 words β‰ˆ 280 tokens β€” 128 would truncate most of the signal. <strong>padding=\'max_length\':</strong> All batches must be identical length for GPU tensor operations β€” shorter inputs are padded with [PAD] tokens. The attention mask tells the model to ignore padding.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'D1/D2 shape', val:'Each input β†’ tensor of shape [128] (input_ids) + [128] (attention_mask)'},
      {label:'D3 shape', val:'Each input β†’ tensor of shape [256] Γ— 2'},
      {label:'Example', val:'"i feel hopeless" β†’ input_ids: [0, 444, 7809, 73542, 2, 1, 1, ...]'},
    ]
  },
  lr: {
    title: 'Logistic Regression',
    code: `LogisticRegression(
    max_iter=1000,            # enough iterations to converge on 50K features
    class_weight='balanced',  # backup alongside SMOTE
    random_state=42,
    n_jobs=-1                 # use all CPU cores
)`,
    src: 'notebooks/DA_Notebook_One.ipynb β€” cell 11 (D1) Β· cell 18 (D2) Β· cell 23 (D3)',
    why: '<strong>Why use it?</strong> Fast, interpretable linear baseline. On 50,000 TF-IDF features, L2 regularisation prevents overfitting by shrinking large weights toward zero. Outputs calibrated probabilities via softmax β€” important for confidence scores in the UI. <strong>class_weight=\'balanced\':</strong> Secondary guard alongside SMOTE β€” the model pays proportionally more attention to minority classes during gradient updates.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'D1', val:'91.5% accuracy β€” solid baseline, beaten by SVM'},
      {label:'D2', val:'98.9% accuracy'},
      {label:'D3', val:'93.2% accuracy'},
    ]
  },
  svm: {
    title: 'SVM β€” LinearSVC',
    code: `LinearSVC(
    C=1.0,                    # regularisation strength (lower = more reg)
    class_weight='balanced',
    max_iter=2000,
    random_state=42
)

# LinearSVC has no predict_proba β€” use decision_function + softmax
scores = model.decision_function(vec)[0]
e = np.exp(scores - scores.max())
conf = float(e[pred_idx] / e.sum())`,
    src: 'notebooks/DA_Notebook_One.ipynb β€” cell 11 (D1) Β· cell 18 (D2) Β· cell 23 (D3) Β· predict.py lines 147–154 (confidence fallback)',
    why: '<strong>Why SVM wins on D1?</strong> LinearSVC finds the maximum-margin hyperplane in TF-IDF feature space β€” the optimal linear decision boundary for sparse high-dimensional data. Tweets (31 words avg) produce sparse TF-IDF vectors where the margin is well-defined. Contextual embeddings (XLM-RoBERTa) add no value at this sentence length. <strong>Why LinearSVC over SVC(kernel=\'rbf\')?</strong> Linear kernel scales to 50,000 features. RBF kernel would be O(nΒ²) β€” computationally infeasible.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'D1', val:'92.4% accuracy β€” best model on D1, beats XLM-RoBERTa (90.5%)'},
      {label:'D2', val:'97.1% accuracy'},
      {label:'D3', val:'77.8% accuracy'},
    ]
  },
  xgb: {
    title: 'XGBoost β€” XGBClassifier',
    code: `XGBClassifier(
    n_estimators=300,         # 300 trees built sequentially
    learning_rate=0.1,        # each tree contributes 10% of its weight
    max_depth=6,              # max tree depth β€” controls complexity
    eval_metric='logloss',
    random_state=42,
    n_jobs=-1
)`,
    src: 'notebooks/DA_Notebook_One.ipynb β€” cell 11 (D1) Β· cell 18 (D2) Β· cell 23 (D3)',
    why: '<strong>Gradient boosting principle:</strong> Each new tree is trained to correct the residual errors of all previous trees. 300 trees Γ— learning_rate=0.1 = strong ensemble. <strong>Why does it collapse on D3?</strong> Vocabulary overlap between depressive and suicidal language in Reddit posts β€” words like "exhausted", "hopeless" appear in both classes. Boosted trees memorise these majority-class token patterns and fail at full scale (232K). XGBoost is highly sensitive to distribution shifts at this scale, shown by inconsistent H1/H2 results (60.1% vs 71.0%).',
    outputs: [
      {label:'D1', val:'91.8% accuracy'},
      {label:'D2', val:'99.3% accuracy'},
      {label:'D3 (50K)', val:'91.6% β€” performs well on sample'},
      {label:'D3 (Full 232K)', val:'70.5% β€” collapse (lexical overfitting)'},
    ]
  },
  xlmr_ft: {
    title: 'XLM-RoBERTa Fine-Tuning',
    code: `xlmr = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
    'FacebookAI/xlm-roberta-base',
    num_labels=NUM_LABELS   # 6 for D1, 2 for D2, 2 for D3
)

args = TrainingArguments(
    num_train_epochs=3,
    learning_rate=2e-5,           # standard BERT fine-tuning rate
    per_device_train_batch_size=16,  # 8 for D3 (longer sequences)
    gradient_accumulation_steps=2,   # D3 only β€” simulates batch=16
    warmup_steps=200,             # gradual LR increase at start
    weight_decay=0.01,            # L2 regularisation on weights
    load_best_model_at_end=True,  # save epoch with lowest val loss
    fp16=torch.cuda.is_available()  # half precision β€” 2Γ— faster on GPU
)

trainer = Trainer(
    model=xlmr, args=args,
    train_dataset=train_tok,
    eval_dataset=test_tok
)
trainer.train()`,
    src: 'notebooks/DA_2_Notebook.ipynb β€” cell 10 (model init D1) Β· cell 11 (TrainingArguments D1) Β· cell 17 (D2) Β· cell 22 (model init D3) Β· cell 23 (TrainingArguments D3)',
    why: '<strong>lr=2e-5:</strong> Standard for fine-tuning BERT-family models. Too high destroys pretrained weights (catastrophic forgetting). Too low fails to converge in 3 epochs. <strong>warmup_steps=200:</strong> LR starts at 0 and linearly ramps β€” prevents early instability when weights are far from the task optimum. <strong>load_best_model_at_end:</strong> Epoch 3 is not always best β€” we restore the checkpoint with the lowest validation loss. <strong>D3 batch=8 + accumulation=2:</strong> max_length=256 uses 2Γ— GPU memory vs 128. Accumulation simulates batch=16 without OOM.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'D1', val:'90.5% accuracy (Macro F1: 0.9117, ΞΊ=0.8852)'},
      {label:'D2', val:'99.95% accuracy (Macro F1: 0.9993)'},
      {label:'D3', val:'98.1% accuracy (Macro F1: 0.9810, ΞΊ=0.9620)'},
    ]
  },
  majority_vote: {
    title: 'Ensemble Vote β€” Risk Flag Logic',
    code: `# From predict.py β€” predict_all() function
suicide_count = sum(
    1 for r in d3.values()
    if 'suicide' in r['label'].lower()
    and 'non' not in r['label'].lower()
)
risk_flag = suicide_count >= 3  # majority = β‰₯3 of 4 models

# d3.values() = results from LR, SVM, XGBoost, XLM-RoBERTa
# XLM-RoBERTa is also checked separately for banner state:
isSuicide = d3['XLM-RoBERTa'].label includes 'suicide' (JS)

# Three UI states:
# risk_flag=True  AND XLM-R agrees  β†’ RED   (High Suicide Risk)
# risk_flag=True  AND XLM-R dissents β†’ AMBER (Ensemble Conflict)
# risk_flag=False                   β†’ GREEN (Low Risk)`,
    src: 'predict.py lines 266–270 (suicide_count + risk_flag) Β· predict.py line 296 (suicide_votes string) Β· templates/index.html JS render() β€” banner state logic',
    why: '<strong>Why β‰₯3/4 threshold?</strong> 1–2 flagging models could be TF-IDF false positives (lexical overfitting). 3+ represents genuine consensus β€” meaningful signal. <strong>Why check XLM-RoBERTa separately for the banner?</strong> XLM-RoBERTa has the highest D3 accuracy (98.1%) and understands context. If XLM-R disagrees with the majority, the amber "Ensemble Conflict" state is safer than a red alert β€” it flags uncertainty rather than over-alarming on metaphorical language ("I\'m dying of embarrassment").',
    outputs: [
      {label:'Threshold', val:'β‰₯ 3/4 D3 models output "suicide" (not "non-suicide")'},
      {label:'Red banner', val:'risk_flag=True AND XLM-RoBERTa confirms suicide'},
      {label:'Amber banner', val:'risk_flag=True but XLM-RoBERTa says non-suicide'},
      {label:'Green banner', val:'risk_flag=False β€” fewer than 3 models flagged'},
    ]
  },
  eval_metrics: {
    title: 'Evaluation β€” How Metrics Are Computed',
    code: `def evaluate_transformer(name, y_true, y_pred,
                           label_names, ds_key, results_store):
    acc   = accuracy_score(y_true, y_pred)
    macro = f1_score(y_true, y_pred, average='macro')
    kappa = cohen_kappa_score(y_true, y_pred)

    print(f'Accuracy     : {acc*100:.2f}%')
    print(f'Macro F1     : {macro:.4f}')
    print(f"Cohen's Kappa: {kappa:.4f}")
    print(classification_report(y_true, y_pred,
                                target_names=label_names))

    results_store[name] = {
        'accuracy': round(acc, 4),
        'macro_f1': round(macro, 4),
        'kappa':    round(kappa, 4)
    }

# Same function used for classical models in Notebook 1:
for name, model in models_d1.items():
    model.fit(X1_bal, y1_bal)         # train on SMOTE-balanced data
    preds = model.predict(X1_te_tf)   # test on original held-out set
    evaluate(name, y1_te, preds, le1.classes_, 'd1', d1_results)`,
    src: 'notebooks/DA_Notebook_One.ipynb β€” cell 5 (evaluate def, classical) Β· notebooks/DA_2_Notebook.ipynb β€” cell 6 (evaluate_transformer def)',
    why: '<strong>Accuracy:</strong> (correct predictions) / (total predictions). Simple but misleading on imbalanced data β€” a model predicting majority class always gets high accuracy. Valid here because SMOTE balanced the training set and D3 is pre-balanced. <strong>Macro F1:</strong> Averages F1 per class without weighting by class size β€” penalises models that ignore minority classes. This is the primary metric in the IEEE report. <strong>Cohen\'s Kappa:</strong> Measures agreement beyond what chance alone would produce. Formula: (observed βˆ’ expected) / (1 βˆ’ expected). ΞΊ > 0.8 = almost perfect agreement. Reported because the base paper (Tumaliuan 2024) did not report it β€” we added it as an improvement. <strong>classification_report:</strong> Shows per-class precision, recall, F1 β€” the full picture behind the headline number.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'D1 SVM', val:'Accuracy 92.4%, Macro F1 0.9269, ΞΊ=0.9072'},
      {label:'D2 XLM-R', val:'Accuracy 99.95%, Macro F1 0.9993, ΞΊ=0.9986'},
      {label:'D3 XLM-R', val:'Accuracy 98.1%, Macro F1 0.9810, ΞΊ=0.9620'},
      {label:'Atypical F1', val:'0.992 β€” highest per-class score in the project (D1, after SMOTE)'},
    ]
  },
  flask_deploy: {
    title: 'Flask App β€” Deployment & Proxy Mode',
    code: `# app.py β€” auto-detects LOCAL vs PROXY mode at startup
_LOCAL_MODELS = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'models', 'classical')
_use_local    = os.path.isdir(_LOCAL_MODELS)

@app.route('/predict', methods=['POST'])
def predict():
    data = request.get_json()
    text = data['text'].strip()

    if len(text) > 5000:
        return jsonify({'error': 'Text too long'}), 400

    if _use_local:
        # LOCAL mode β€” models loaded in memory
        result = predict_all(text)
        return jsonify(result)
    else:
        # PROXY mode β€” forward to HuggingFace Space
        r = requests.post(
            f'{HF_SPACE_URL}/predict',
            json={'text': text},
            timeout=120
        )
        return r.content, r.status_code

# HF_SPACE_URL = 'https://esvanth-mindscan.hf.space'
# Overridable via environment variable`,
    src: 'app.py lines 25–27 (mode detection) Β· lines 61–97 (/predict endpoint) Β· line 70 (5000-char limit) Β· line 91 (timeout=120)',
    why: '<strong>Why two modes?</strong> The 12 models total ~2GB on disk. Running locally requires the models folder. The HuggingFace Space hosts the same predict.py and models β€” the proxy just forwards requests there. <strong>Why timeout=120?</strong> The HF Space sleeps after inactivity and takes ~60s to wake. 120s gives headroom. <strong>Why 5000 char limit?</strong> XLM-RoBERTa max_length=256 tokens β‰ˆ ~1500 characters. 5000 chars is a safe upper bound that prevents abuse without being restrictive. <strong>How the browser talks to Flask:</strong> JavaScript fetch() β†’ POST /predict (localhost:5001) β†’ Flask β†’ HF Space β†’ predict_all() β†’ JSON response β†’ render() updates the UI.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'LOCAL mode', val:'Triggered when models/classical/ directory exists. Loads all 12 models at startup (~30s on CPU).'},
      {label:'PROXY mode', val:'Default β€” no local models needed. Forwards to esvanth-mindscan.hf.space'},
      {label:'Timeout', val:'504 returned after 120s if HF Space is sleeping. Auto-wakes in ~60s.'},
      {label:'Port', val:'localhost:5001 (overridable via PORT env var)'},
    ]
  },
  predict_flow: {
    title: 'predict_all() β€” Full Inference Flow',
    code: `def predict_all(raw_text):
    # Step 1 β€” clean text (same function as training)
    clean = clean_text(raw_text)

    # Step 2 β€” run all 3 classical models per dataset
    #          (LR, SVM, XGBoost share the same TF-IDF vector)
    def predict_classical(text_clean, ds):
        tfidf = _models[f'tfidf_{ds}']
        vec   = tfidf.transform([text_clean])  # sparse vector
        for model_name in ['logistic_regression','svm','xgboost']:
            model    = _models[f'{model_name}_{ds}']
            pred_idx = model.predict(vec)[0]
            label    = le.classes_[pred_idx]
            # SVM has no predict_proba β€” use softmax(decision_function)
            if hasattr(model, 'predict_proba'):
                conf = model.predict_proba(vec)[0][pred_idx]
            else:
                scores = model.decision_function(vec)[0]
                e = np.exp(scores - scores.max())
                conf = e[pred_idx] / e.sum()

    # Step 3 β€” run XLM-RoBERTa per dataset
    def predict_transformer(text_raw, ds):
        inputs = tokenizer(text_raw, max_length=max_len,
                           truncation=True, padding='max_length')
        with torch.no_grad():
            logits = model(**inputs).logits
        probs    = torch.softmax(logits, dim=1)[0]
        pred_idx = probs.argmax()

    # Step 4 β€” majority vote for risk_flag
    suicide_count = sum(1 for r in d3.values()
        if 'suicide' in r['label'] and 'non' not in r['label'])
    risk_flag = suicide_count >= 3`,
    src: 'predict.py β€” clean_text lines 106–113 Β· predict_classical lines 119–163 Β· predict_transformer lines 166–215 Β· predict_all lines 221–302',
    why: '<strong>Why clean the text first?</strong> The TF-IDF vocabulary was built on clean text β€” passing raw text would miss tokens. XLM-RoBERTa receives the raw text because its SentencePiece tokeniser handles punctuation/URLs natively. <strong>Why one TF-IDF vector for 3 classical models?</strong> All three (LR, SVM, XGBoost) use the same vectoriser β€” the vector is computed once and reused, saving 2 redundant transformations per dataset. <strong>Why torch.no_grad()?</strong> Inference doesn\'t need gradients β€” disabling them halves memory usage and speeds up the forward pass. <strong>Why softmax on logits?</strong> The model outputs raw logit scores (unbounded). Softmax converts them to probabilities that sum to 1 β€” required for the confidence percentage shown in the UI.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'Input', val:'"I feel exhausted, nothing feels enjoyable"'},
      {label:'After clean', val:'"i feel exhausted nothing feels enjoyable"'},
      {label:'D1 winner', val:'SVM β†’ Major Depressive (highest confidence)'},
      {label:'D2 winner', val:'XLM-RoBERTa β†’ Not Depressed (Twitter Affect Bias β€” clinical text)'},
      {label:'D3 result', val:'risk_flag computed from 4 model votes; XLM-R checked separately for banner'},
      {label:'Response time', val:'~200ms local (GPU) Β· ~2–5s proxy (HF Space warm)'},
    ]
  },
  split_study: {
    title: 'D3 Split Study β€” RQ2',
    code: `# Sample 25K per class (50K total) for the baseline
df3_sample = df3.groupby('label').apply(
    lambda x: x.sample(25000, random_state=42)
).reset_index(drop=True)

# Half splits β€” 12.5K per class each
df3_h1 = df3.groupby('label').apply(
    lambda x: x.iloc[:12500]
).reset_index(drop=True)
df3_h2 = df3.groupby('label').apply(
    lambda x: x.iloc[12500:25000]
).reset_index(drop=True)

# Full dataset β€” 116K per class (232K total)
df3_full = df3  # no sampling

# KS test to confirm splits share same distribution
from scipy.stats import ks_2samp
stat, p = ks_2samp(len_sample, len_full)
# p > 0.49 across all splits β€” identical distributions confirmed`,
    src: 'notebooks/DA_3_SplitStudy.ipynb β€” cell 28 (sampling) Β· cell 4 (TrainingArguments) Β· cell 14 (KS test)',
    why: '<strong>What is RQ2?</strong> "Does more training data improve performance?" The split study trains 4 separate XLM-RoBERTa models on 50K, 116K (Γ—2), and 232K samples. <strong>KS test:</strong> Kolmogorov-Smirnov test verifies all splits come from the same distribution (p > 0.49) β€” ruling out that one split has easier examples. <strong>Finding:</strong> Accuracy changes by only 0.3% (98.1% β†’ 98.0%) across 4Γ— more data. The 50K sample fully captures the underlying signal distribution.',
    outputs: [
      {label:'50K sample', val:'98.1% accuracy (XLM-RoBERTa)'},
      {label:'H1 (116K)', val:'97.8% accuracy'},
      {label:'H2 (116K)', val:'98.0% accuracy'},
      {label:'Full (232K)', val:'98.0% accuracy β€” Ξ”=0.1% vs 50K'},
      {label:'KS p-value', val:'p > 0.49 across all split pairs β€” identical distributions'},
    ]
  }
};

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