CanLex MCP server

.dockerignore

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+# Keep the build context small and keep secrets / regenerated files out.
+.git/
+.venv/
+venv/
+__pycache__/
+**/__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+
+# Raw downloads are not needed -- only data/processed/*.json is.
+data/raw/
+
+# Regenerated inside the image by 'python -m canlex.embed'.
+data/processed/embeddings.npz
+
+# Local-only: the CanLII key (injected as a runtime secret) and disk caches.
+canlii_key.txt
+data/citator_dbmap.json
+data/citator_cache.json
+
+# Local MCP client config; not used by the remote server.
+.mcp.json

.gitignore

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+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+.venv/
+venv/
+data/raw/
+data/processed/embeddings.npz
+canlii_key.txt
+data/citator_*.json

.mcp.json

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+{
+  "mcpServers": {
+    "canlex": {
+      "command": "C:\\projects\\CanLex\\.venv\\Scripts\\python.exe",
+      "args": ["C:\\projects\\CanLex\\canlex\\server.py"]
+    }
+  }
+}

Dockerfile

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+# CanLex MCP server -- remote (streamable-HTTP) image.
+#
+# Builds anywhere: Hugging Face Spaces, Google Cloud Run, Fly.io, plain Docker.
+# Retrieval is fully local and key-free; the optional CanLII case citator reads
+# its key from the CANLII_API_KEY environment variable (supplied as a host
+# secret -- the key is never copied into the image).
+FROM python:3.12-slim
+
+# libgomp1 is the OpenMP runtime that onnxruntime (the reranker) links against.
+RUN apt-get update \
+ && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libgomp1 \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Run as a non-root user (UID 1000) -- required by Hugging Face Spaces.
+RUN useradd --create-home --home-dir /app --uid 1000 app
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Python dependencies first, so this layer caches across code changes.
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+# Application code and the processed corpus (section-chunk JSON).
+COPY --chown=app:app canlex/ ./canlex/
+COPY --chown=app:app data/processed/*.json ./data/processed/
+
+USER app
+ENV HOME=/app \
+    HF_HOME=/app/.hf_cache \
+    CANLEX_HTTP=1 \
+    PORT=7860 \
+    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+
+# Build the semantic embeddings and pre-fetch the cross-encoder model, so the
+# model cache is baked into the image and the first request needs no network.
+RUN python -m canlex.embed \
+ && python -c "from canlex.rerank import Reranker; Reranker()"
+
+# From here on, model files are served from the baked cache, never fetched.
+ENV HF_HUB_OFFLINE=1
+
+EXPOSE 7860
+CMD ["python", "-m", "canlex.server"]

README.md

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+---
+title: CanLex MCP
+sdk: docker
+app_port: 7860
+pinned: false
+---
+
+# CanLex MCP
+
+A remote [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io) server for
+Canadian legal research. It exposes four read-only tools over streamable HTTP:
+
+- **canlex_search_legislation** — hybrid (BM25 + semantic) search with a
+  cross-encoder reranker over federal border, customs, criminal, drug,
+  food/health, labour and privacy legislation, CBSA D-Memoranda, Treasury Board
+  collective agreements, and National Joint Council directives.
+- **canlex_get_section** — fetch one provision verbatim by Act and section.
+- **canlex_list_acts** — list the corpus and its currency.
+- **canlex_case** — live CanLII case citator (citation graph for a case URL).
+
+Retrieval runs fully locally inside the container and needs no API key. The
+optional case citator reads a CanLII key from the `CANLII_API_KEY` environment
+variable.
+
+Add this Space's `/mcp` URL as a custom connector in any Claude client.

canlex/__init__.py

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+"""CanLex - Canadian legal retrieval for Claude."""

canlex/agreement.py

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+"""Ingest Treasury Board collective agreements (HTML) into Article-level chunks.
+
+A collective agreement is a binding contract between the Treasury Board and a
+bargaining agent for one occupational group. Chunks are tagged
+doc_type="agreement" so CanLex keeps them distinct from legislation and guidance.
+"""
+import json
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+
+from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+
+from .config import RAW_DIR, PROCESSED_DIR
+
+AGREEMENT_DIR = RAW_DIR / "agreements"
+OUT_FILE = PROCESSED_DIR / "agreements.json"
+# canada.ca rejects non-browser user agents, so present a browser one.
+_UA = ("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
+       "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36")
+
+# Treasury Board collective agreements to ingest. Add an entry to ingest more.
+AGREEMENTS = {
+    "FB": {
+        "short": "FB Agreement",
+        "name": "FB Group Collective Agreement (Border Services)",
+        "cite": "FB Collective Agreement",
+        "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/topics/pay/"
+               "collective-agreements/fb.html",
+    },
+}
+
+_SKIP_HEADINGS = {"table of contents", "note to readers", "page details",
+                  "on this page"}
+_CONTENT_TAGS = {"p", "dl", "table", "h4", "h5", "h6", "blockquote"}
+_ARTICLE = re.compile(r"Article\s+(\S+?)\s*[:–-]\s*(.+)", re.I)
+
+
+def _norm(text):
+    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text or "").strip()
+
+
+def _fetch(url, dest, force=False):
+    """Download a page. canada.ca blocks Python's HTTP client at the TLS layer,
+    so fetch via PowerShell's (.NET) HTTP stack, which the site accepts."""
+    if dest.exists() and not force:
+        return dest.read_bytes()
+    dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    command = (f"Invoke-WebRequest -Uri '{url}' -OutFile '{dest}' "
+               f"-UseBasicParsing -UserAgent '{_UA}'")
+    subprocess.run(["powershell", "-NoProfile", "-NonInteractive", "-Command", command],
+                   check=True, capture_output=True, timeout=180)
+    time.sleep(0.5)  # be polite to the server
+    return dest.read_bytes()
+
+
+def _block_text(heading):
+    """Readable text from a heading up to the next h2/h3 (sections unwrapped)."""
+    lines = []
+    for sib in heading.find_next_siblings():
+        if sib.name in ("h2", "h3"):
+            break
+        if sib.name in ("ul", "ol"):
+            for li in sib.find_all("li", recursive=False):
+                item = _norm(li.get_text(" ", strip=True))
+                if item:
+                    lines.append(f"- {item}")
+        elif sib.name in _CONTENT_TAGS:
+            text = _norm(sib.get_text(" ", strip=True))
+            if text:
+                lines.append(text)
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def parse_agreement(html, code):
+    """Parse a collective agreement page into one chunk per Article / Appendix."""
+    meta = AGREEMENTS[code]
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
+    main = soup.find("main")
+    if main is None:
+        return []
+
+    # The first <time datetime> is the agreement's expiry; the dateModified one
+    # is the page's date.
+    expiry = ""
+    for t in main.find_all("time"):
+        if t.get("datetime") and t.get("property") != "dateModified":
+            expiry = _norm(t.get("datetime"))
+            break
+
+    for tag in main.find_all(["section", "div"]):
+        tag.unwrap()  # flatten so each heading and its content become siblings
+
+    chunks = []
+    current_part = ""
+    for h in main.find_all(["h2", "h3"]):
+        if "wb-inv" in (h.get("class") or []):
+            continue
+        text = _norm(h.get_text(" ", strip=True)).lstrip("*").strip()
+        if not text or text.lower() in _SKIP_HEADINGS:
+            continue
+        if h.name == "h2":
+            current_part = text
+        body = _block_text(h)
+        if not body:
+            continue
+
+        article = _ARTICLE.match(text)
+        if article:
+            number = article.group(1).rstrip(":.")
+            note = article.group(2).strip()
+            citation = f"{meta['cite']}, Article {number}"
+        elif re.match(r"Appendix\b", text, re.I):
+            number, note = text, ""
+            citation = f"{meta['cite']}, {text}"
+        else:
+            # Memoranda of Agreement/Understanding have long titles: keep them in
+            # the note only, so the rendered header does not repeat them.
+            number, note = "", text
+            citation = meta["cite"]
+
+        chunks.append({
+            "id": f"agreement-{code}-{len(chunks) + 1}",
+            "doc_type": "agreement",
+            "act_code": code,
+            "act_short": meta["short"],
+            "act_name": meta["name"],
+            "section": number,
+            "marginal_note": note,
+            "part": current_part if h.name == "h3" else "",
+            "division": "",
+            "heading": "",
+            "text": body,
+            "history": "",
+            "last_amended": "",
+            "current_to": expiry,
+            "citation": citation,
+            "source_url": meta["url"],
+        })
+    return chunks
+
+
+def main():
+    force = "--force" in sys.argv
+    all_chunks = []
+    for code, meta in AGREEMENTS.items():
+        print(f"Ingesting {code} ({meta['short']})...")
+        try:
+            html = _fetch(meta["url"], AGREEMENT_DIR / f"{code}.html", force=force)
+            chunks = parse_agreement(html, code)
+            print(f"  {len(chunks)} chunks")
+            all_chunks.extend(chunks)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            print(f"  FAILED {code}: {type(exc).__name__}: {exc}")
+    PROCESSED_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    OUT_FILE.write_text(json.dumps(all_chunks, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2),
+                        encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"\n{len(all_chunks)} chunks from {len(AGREEMENTS)} agreement(s) -> {OUT_FILE.name}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

canlex/citator.py

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+"""CanLII case citator -- live lookup of a Canadian case's citation graph.
+
+Uses the CanLII API (key in canlii_key.txt). The API has no name/topic search,
+so a case is identified by its full canlii.org URL. Responses are cached on disk
+and calls are throttled, because the API rate-limits aggressively.
+"""
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.request
+
+from .config import ROOT, DATA_DIR
+
+API = "https://api.canlii.org/v1"
+KEY_FILE = ROOT / "canlii_key.txt"
+_PLACEHOLDER = "PASTE-YOUR-CANLII-API-KEY-ON-THIS-LINE"
+_DBMAP_FILE = DATA_DIR / "citator_dbmap.json"
+_CACHE_FILE = DATA_DIR / "citator_cache.json"
+_THROTTLE = 3.0     # seconds between CanLII API calls (the API rate-limits hard)
+_MAX_LIST = 20      # items shown per citator list (lists can run to thousands)
+_CASE_URL = re.compile(r"canlii\.org/[a-z]{2}/[a-z]+/([a-z0-9-]+)/doc/\d+/([a-z0-9-]+)")
+_DB_URL = re.compile(r"canlii\.org/[a-z]{2}/[a-z]+/([a-z0-9-]+)/?$")
+
+
+def api_key():
+    """Return the configured CanLII API key, or '' if not set.
+
+    The CANLII_API_KEY environment variable is checked first -- the remote
+    deployment injects the key as a secret rather than shipping the file.
+    A local run falls back to canlii_key.txt.
+    """
+    env_key = os.environ.get("CANLII_API_KEY", "").strip()
+    if env_key and env_key != _PLACEHOLDER:
+        return env_key
+    if not KEY_FILE.exists():
+        return ""
+    key = KEY_FILE.read_text(encoding="utf-8").strip()
+    return "" if not key or key == _PLACEHOLDER else key
+
+
+def _load_json(path):
+    try:
+        return json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except Exception:
+        return {}
+
+
+class Citator:
+    """Live CanLII citator with on-disk caching and rate-limit throttling."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.key = api_key()
+        if not self.key:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"No CanLII API key -- put your key in {KEY_FILE}.")
+        self._dbmap = _load_json(_DBMAP_FILE)   # URL court segment -> databaseId
+        self._cache = _load_json(_CACHE_FILE)   # case URL -> report
+
+    def _get(self, path):
+        """Throttled GET against the CanLII API, retrying on HTTP 429."""
+        for attempt in range(3):
+            time.sleep(_THROTTLE if attempt == 0 else 15.0)
+            sep = "&" if "?" in path else "?"
+            url = f"{API}/{path}{sep}api_key={self.key}"
+            try:
+                with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=45) as resp:
+                    return json.loads(resp.read().decode("utf-8"))
+            except urllib.error.HTTPError as exc:
+                if exc.code == 429 and attempt < 2:
+                    continue
+                raise
+        raise RuntimeError("CanLII API rate limit reached; retry shortly.")
+
+    def _ensure_dbmap(self):
+        if self._dbmap:
+            return
+        data = self._get("caseBrowse/en/")
+        dbmap = {}
+        for db in data.get("caseDatabases", []):
+            match = _DB_URL.search(db.get("url") or "")
+            if match and db.get("databaseId"):
+                dbmap[match.group(1)] = db["databaseId"]
+        self._dbmap = dbmap
+        DATA_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        _DBMAP_FILE.write_text(json.dumps(dbmap), encoding="utf-8")
+
+    def _citator(self, db, case_id, kind):
+        data = self._get(f"caseCitator/en/{db}/{case_id}/{kind}")
+        items = data.get(kind, [])
+        return {"total": len(items), "items": items[:_MAX_LIST]}
+
+    def case_report(self, case_url):
+        """Return a citation-graph report for a case, given its canlii.org URL."""
+        if case_url in self._cache:
+            return self._cache[case_url]
+        match = _CASE_URL.search(case_url)
+        if not match:
+            return {"error": "Provide a full canlii.org case URL, e.g. "
+                    "https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/2019/2019scc65/2019scc65.html"}
+        self._ensure_dbmap()
+        segment, case_id = match.group(1), match.group(2)
+        db = self._dbmap.get(segment)
+        if not db:
+            return {"error": f"Unrecognized CanLII court segment '{segment}'."}
+        report = {
+            "meta": self._get(f"caseBrowse/en/{db}/{case_id}/"),
+            "citingCases": self._citator(db, case_id, "citingCases"),
+            "citedCases": self._citator(db, case_id, "citedCases"),
+            "citedLegislations": self._citator(db, case_id, "citedLegislations"),
+        }
+        self._cache[case_url] = report
+        DATA_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        _CACHE_FILE.write_text(json.dumps(self._cache, ensure_ascii=False),
+                               encoding="utf-8")
+        return report
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+        print('usage: python -m canlex.citator "<canlii-case-url>"')
+        return
+    report = Citator().case_report(sys.argv[1])
+    if "error" in report:
+        print("ERROR:", report["error"])
+        return
+    meta = report["meta"]
+    print(f"{meta.get('title')} -- {meta.get('citation')}  ({meta.get('decisionDate')})")
+    print(f"  cited by:  {report['citingCases']['total']}")
+    print(f"  cites:     {report['citedCases']['total']}")
+    print(f"  legislation cited: {report['citedLegislations']['total']}")
+    for item in report["citedLegislations"]["items"][:6]:
+        print(f"    - {item.get('title')} ({item.get('citation')})")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

canlex/config.py

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+"""Paths and legislation sources for CanLex."""
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+DATA_DIR = ROOT / "data"
+RAW_DIR = DATA_DIR / "raw"
+PROCESSED_DIR = DATA_DIR / "processed"
+
+# Justice Laws Website XML sources. Each key is the Justice Laws consolidated
+# identifier, used as the XML filename and the local raw/processed filename.
+# To add an instrument, add an entry with a verified xml_url.
+#
+# The Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982 are intentionally absent: Justice Laws
+# publishes them only as HTML/PDF, with no XML version available.
+SOURCES = {
+    # --- Immigration ---
+    "I-2.5": {
+        "short": "IRPA", "name": "Immigration and Refugee Protection Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/I-2.5.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/i-2.5/"},
+    "SOR-2002-227": {
+        "short": "IRPR", "name": "Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations",
+        "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/SOR-2002-227.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-227/"},
+
+    # --- Customs & trade ---
+    "C-52.6": {
+        "short": "Customs Act", "name": "Customs Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/C-52.6.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-52.6/"},
+    "C-54.011": {
+        "short": "Customs Tariff", "name": "Customs Tariff", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/C-54.011.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-54.011/"},
+    "S-8.35": {
+        "short": "Luxury Tax Act", "name": "Select Luxury Items Tax Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/S-8.35.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-8.35/"},
+
+    # --- Criminal & financial crime ---
+    "C-46": {
+        "short": "Criminal Code", "name": "Criminal Code", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/C-46.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-46/"},
+    "P-24.501": {
+        "short": "PCMLTFA",
+        "name": "Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act",
+        "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/P-24.501.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-24.501/"},
+    "SOR-2002-412": {
+        "short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+        "name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+        "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/SOR-2002-412.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/"},
+    "S-6.9": {
+        "short": "SCIDA", "name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+        "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/S-6.9.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/"},
+
+    # --- Controlled substances & cannabis ---
+    "C-38.8": {
+        "short": "CDSA", "name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/C-38.8.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-38.8/"},
+    "SOR-97-234": {
+        "short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+        "name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+        "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/SOR-97-234.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/"},
+    "SOR-2000-217": {
+        "short": "Benzodiazepines Regs",
+        "name": "Benzodiazepines and Other Targeted Substances Regulations",
+        "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/SOR-2000-217.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2000-217/"},
+    "C.R.C.,_c._1041": {
+        "short": "Narcotic Control Regs", "name": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+        "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/C.R.C.%2C_c._1041.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.%2C_c._1041/"},
+    "SOR-2012-230": {
+        "short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+        "name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations", "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/SOR-2012-230.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/"},
+    "SOR-2002-359": {
+        "short": "Precursor Control Regs", "name": "Precursor Control Regulations",
+        "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/SOR-2002-359.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-359/"},
+    "SOR-97-229": {
+        "short": "Precursor & Substance Exemption Regs",
+        "name": "Regulations Exempting Certain Precursors and Controlled Substances "
+                "from the Application of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act",
+        "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/SOR-97-229.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-229/"},
+    "C-24.5": {
+        "short": "Cannabis Act", "name": "Cannabis Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/C-24.5.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-24.5/"},
+    "SOR-2018-144": {
+        "short": "Cannabis Regs", "name": "Cannabis Regulations", "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/SOR-2018-144.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2018-144/"},
+
+    # --- Food, health, agriculture ---
+    "F-27": {
+        "short": "Food and Drugs Act", "name": "Food and Drugs Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/F-27.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/f-27/"},
+    "C.R.C.,_c._870": {
+        "short": "Food and Drug Regs", "name": "Food and Drug Regulations",
+        "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/C.R.C.%2C_c._870.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.%2C_c._870/"},
+    "H-3.3": {
+        "short": "Health of Animals Act", "name": "Health of Animals Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/H-3.3.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/h-3.3/"},
+    "C.R.C.,_c._296": {
+        "short": "Health of Animals Regs", "name": "Health of Animals Regulations",
+        "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/C.R.C.%2C_c._296.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.%2C_c._296/"},
+    "P-14.8": {
+        "short": "Plant Protection Act", "name": "Plant Protection Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/P-14.8.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/"},
+    "SOR-95-212": {
+        "short": "Plant Protection Regs", "name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+        "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/SOR-95-212.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/"},
+    "SOR-2018-108": {
+        "short": "Safe Food for Canadians Regs",
+        "name": "Safe Food for Canadians Regulations", "kind": "regulation",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/SOR-2018-108.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2018-108/"},
+    "A-8.8": {
+        "short": "AAAMPA",
+        "name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+        "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/A-8.8.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/"},
+    "Q-1.1": {
+        "short": "Quarantine Act", "name": "Quarantine Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/Q-1.1.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/"},
+
+    # --- Labour & public service ---
+    "L-2": {
+        "short": "Canada Labour Code", "name": "Canada Labour Code", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/L-2.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"},
+    "P-33.01": {
+        "short": "PSEA", "name": "Public Service Employment Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/P-33.01.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-33.01/"},
+    "P-36": {
+        "short": "PSSA", "name": "Public Service Superannuation Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/P-36.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-36/"},
+
+    # --- Privacy ---
+    "P-21": {
+        "short": "Privacy Act", "name": "Privacy Act", "kind": "act",
+        "xml_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/XML/P-21.xml",
+        "web_base": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-21/"},
+}

canlex/directive.py

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+"""Ingest National Joint Council directives (HTML) into section-level chunks.
+
+NJC directives are negotiated by employer and bargaining-agent representatives;
+their provisions form part of collective agreements (and the rate tables in
+their appendices apply too). Chunks are tagged doc_type="directive".
+"""
+import json
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+
+from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+
+from .config import RAW_DIR, PROCESSED_DIR
+
+INDEX_URL = "https://www.njc-cnm.gc.ca/directive/en"
+BASE = "https://www.njc-cnm.gc.ca"
+DIRECTIVE_DIR = RAW_DIR / "directives"
+OUT_FILE = PROCESSED_DIR / "directives.json"
+_UA = ("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
+       "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36")
+_CONTENT_TAGS = {"p", "dl", "table", "h4", "h5", "h6", "blockquote"}
+_NUMBERED = re.compile(r"^(\d+(?:\.\d+)*)\s+(.+)")
+_CODE = re.compile(r"/directive/([^/]+)/")
+
+
+def _norm(text):
+    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text or "").strip()
+
+
+def _fetch(url, dest, force=False):
+    """Fetch via PowerShell's (.NET) HTTP stack -- some government sites block
+    Python's HTTP client at the TLS layer."""
+    if dest.exists() and not force:
+        return dest.read_bytes()
+    dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    command = (f"Invoke-WebRequest -Uri '{url}' -OutFile '{dest}' "
+               f"-UseBasicParsing -UserAgent '{_UA}'")
+    subprocess.run(["powershell", "-NoProfile", "-NonInteractive", "-Command", command],
+                   check=True, capture_output=True, timeout=180)
+    time.sleep(0.5)  # be polite to the server
+    return dest.read_bytes()
+
+
+def directive_links(force=False):
+    """Return [(url, title, date), ...] for the current NJC directives."""
+    html = _fetch(INDEX_URL, DIRECTIVE_DIR / "_index.html", force=force)
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
+    ul = soup.find("ul", class_="directive-list")
+    if ul is None:
+        return []
+    out = []
+    for li in ul.find_all("li", recursive=False):
+        a = li.find("a", href=True)  # the first <a> is the current directive
+        if not a:
+            continue
+        url = a["href"] if a["href"].startswith("http") else BASE + a["href"]
+        span = li.find("span", class_="date")
+        out.append((url, _norm(a.get_text(" ", strip=True)),
+                    _norm(span.get_text()) if span else ""))
+    return out
+
+
+def _block_text(heading):
+    """Readable text from a heading up to the next h2/h3 (sections unwrapped)."""
+    lines = []
+    for sib in heading.find_next_siblings():
+        if sib.name in ("h2", "h3"):
+            break
+        if sib.name in ("ul", "ol"):
+            for li in sib.find_all("li", recursive=False):
+                item = _norm(li.get_text(" ", strip=True))
+                if item:
+                    lines.append(f"- {item}")
+        elif sib.name in _CONTENT_TAGS:
+            text = _norm(sib.get_text(" ", strip=True))
+            if text:
+                lines.append(text)
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def parse_directive(html, url, title, date):
+    """Parse one NJC directive page into one chunk per h2/h3 section."""
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
+    main = soup.find("main")
+    if main is None:
+        return []
+    for tag in main.find_all(["section", "div"]):
+        tag.unwrap()  # flatten so each heading and its content become siblings
+
+    code_match = _CODE.search(url)
+    code = code_match.group(1) if code_match else url
+    chunks = []
+    current_part = ""
+    for h in main.find_all(["h2", "h3"]):
+        text = _norm(h.get_text(" ", strip=True))
+        if not text:
+            continue
+        if h.name == "h2":
+            current_part = text
+        body = _block_text(h)
+        if not body:
+            continue
+        numbered = _NUMBERED.match(text)
+        if numbered:
+            number, note = numbered.group(1), numbered.group(2).strip()
+            citation = f"{title}, s. {number}"
+        else:
+            # Un-numbered heading: keep the text in the note only, so the rendered
+            # header (citation + note) does not repeat it.
+            number, note = "", text
+            citation = title
+        chunks.append({
+            "id": f"directive-{code}-{len(chunks) + 1}",
+            "doc_type": "directive",
+            "act_code": code,
+            "act_short": title,
+            "act_name": f"NJC {title}",
+            "section": number or text,
+            "marginal_note": note,
+            "part": current_part if h.name == "h3" else "",
+            "division": "",
+            "heading": "",
+            "text": body,
+            "history": "",
+            "last_amended": "",
+            "current_to": date,
+            "citation": citation,
+            "source_url": url,
+        })
+    return chunks
+
+
+def _print_link(html):
+    """Find a 'Print Full Directive' / 'Print all FSDs' link on a TOC page."""
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
+    for a in soup.find_all("a", href=True):
+        text = _norm(a.get_text(" ", strip=True)).lower()
+        if "print full directive" in text or "print all fsd" in text:
+            return a["href"] if a["href"].startswith("http") else BASE + a["href"]
+    return None
+
+
+def main():
+    force = "--force" in sys.argv
+    limit = next((int(a.split("=", 1)[1]) for a in sys.argv[1:]
+                  if a.startswith("--limit=")), None)
+    directives = directive_links(force=force)
+    if limit:
+        directives = directives[:limit]
+    print(f"Ingesting {len(directives)} NJC directives...")
+    all_chunks, failures = [], []
+    for url, title, date in directives:
+        code_match = _CODE.search(url)
+        code = code_match.group(1) if code_match else "x"
+        try:
+            html = _fetch(url, DIRECTIVE_DIR / f"{code}.html", force=force)
+            chunks = parse_directive(html, url, title, date)
+            if not chunks:
+                # Multi-page directive: the landing page is only a table of
+                # contents -- follow its "Print Full Directive" link.
+                print_url = _print_link(html)
+                if print_url:
+                    full = _fetch(print_url, DIRECTIVE_DIR / f"{code}-full.html",
+                                  force=force)
+                    chunks = parse_directive(full, url, title, date)
+            if chunks:
+                all_chunks.extend(chunks)
+                print(f"  {title}: {len(chunks)} chunks")
+            else:
+                failures.append((title, "no content parsed"))
+        except Exception as exc:
+            failures.append((title, f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}"))
+    PROCESSED_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    OUT_FILE.write_text(json.dumps(all_chunks, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2),
+                        encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"\n{len(all_chunks)} chunks from {len(directives) - len(failures)} "
+          f"directives -> {OUT_FILE.name}")
+    for title, why in failures:
+        print(f"  FAILED {title}: {why}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

canlex/dmemo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+"""Ingest CBSA D-Memoranda (HTML) into structured, section-level chunks.
+
+D-Memoranda are CBSA's administrative guidance on how it applies the Customs Act
+and related law. They are persuasive, not binding -- every chunk is tagged
+doc_type="memorandum" so the rest of CanLex can keep them distinct from statute.
+"""
+import io
+import json
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+import urllib.request
+from urllib.parse import urljoin
+
+from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+from pypdf import PdfReader
+
+from .config import RAW_DIR, PROCESSED_DIR
+
+INDEX_URL = "https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d1-d23-eng.html"
+DMEMO_DIR = RAW_DIR / "dmemos"
+OUT_FILE = PROCESSED_DIR / "dmemos.json"
+
+# <h2> headings that are page boilerplate rather than memo content.
+_SKIP_HEADINGS = {"contact us", "related links"}
+_MEMO_HREF = re.compile(r"/dm-md/d\d+/d[\d-]+-eng\.html")
+_URL_NUMBER = re.compile(r"/(d\d+-[\d-]+)-eng\.html")
+
+
+def _norm(text):
+    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text or "").strip()
+
+
+def _fetch(url, dest, force=False):
+    if dest.exists() and not force:
+        return dest.read_bytes()
+    req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"User-Agent": "CanLex/0.1"})
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=60) as resp:
+        data = resp.read()
+    dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    dest.write_bytes(data)
+    time.sleep(0.5)  # be polite to the CBSA server
+    return data
+
+
+def memo_urls(force=False):
+    """All individual D-memo URLs listed on the CBSA index page."""
+    html = _fetch(INDEX_URL, DMEMO_DIR / "_index.html", force=force)
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
+    urls, seen = [], set()
+    for a in soup.find_all("a", href=True):
+        if _MEMO_HREF.search(a["href"]):
+            full = urljoin(INDEX_URL, a["href"])
+            if full not in seen:
+                seen.add(full)
+                urls.append(full)
+    return urls
+
+
+def _render_section(h2):
+    """Readable text from an <h2> up to the next <h2> (sections already unwrapped)."""
+    lines = []
+    for sib in h2.find_next_siblings():
+        if sib.name == "h2" or sib.get("id") == "wb-dtmd":
+            break
+        if sib.name in ("ul", "ol"):
+            for li in sib.find_all("li", recursive=False):
+                item = _norm(li.get_text(" ", strip=True))
+                if item:
+                    lines.append(f"- {item}")
+        else:
+            text = _norm(sib.get_text(" ", strip=True))
+            if text:
+                lines.append(text)
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def parse_memo(html, url):
+    """Parse one D-memo HTML page into one chunk per <h2> content section."""
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
+    main = soup.find("main")
+    if main is None:
+        return []
+    for section in main.find_all("section"):
+        section.unwrap()  # flatten so each <h2> and its content become siblings
+
+    match = _URL_NUMBER.search(url)
+    number = match.group(1).upper() if match else url
+    h1 = main.find("h1")
+    topic = ""
+    if h1 and h1.find("small"):
+        topic = _norm(h1.find("small").get_text(" ", strip=True))
+    dm = main.find("time", attrs={"property": "dateModified"})
+    date = _norm(dm.get("datetime") or dm.get_text()) if dm else ""
+
+    chunks = []
+    for h2 in main.find_all("h2"):
+        heading = _norm(h2.get_text(" ", strip=True))
+        if not heading or heading.lower() in _SKIP_HEADINGS:
+            continue
+        body = _render_section(h2)
+        if not body:
+            continue
+        chunks.append({
+            "id": f"dmemo-{number}-{len(chunks) + 1}",
+            "doc_type": "memorandum",
+            "act_code": "D-Memo",
+            "act_short": "D-Memo",
+            "act_name": "CBSA D-Memoranda",
+            "section": number,
+            "marginal_note": heading,
+            "part": topic,
+            "division": "",
+            "heading": "",
+            "text": body,
+            "history": "",
+            "last_amended": date,
+            "current_to": date,
+            "citation": f"Memorandum {number}",
+            "source_url": url,
+        })
+    return chunks
+
+
+def _pdf_clean(text):
+    text = re.sub(r"[ \t]+", " ", text)
+    text = re.sub(r"\n[ \t]+", "\n", text)
+    return re.sub(r"\n{3,}", "\n\n", text).strip()
+
+
+def _pdf_text(pdf_bytes):
+    try:
+        reader = PdfReader(io.BytesIO(pdf_bytes))
+        return _pdf_clean("\n".join((p.extract_text() or "") for p in reader.pages))
+    except Exception:
+        return ""
+
+
+def _split(text, target=3000):
+    """Split long PDF text into ~target-sized pieces at line boundaries."""
+    if len(text) <= target:
+        return [text]
+    parts, buf, size = [], [], 0
+    for line in text.split("\n"):
+        if size + len(line) > target and buf:
+            parts.append("\n".join(buf))
+            buf, size = [], 0
+        buf.append(line)
+        size += len(line) + 1
+    if buf:
+        parts.append("\n".join(buf))
+    return parts
+
+
+def parse_pdf_memo(html, url):
+    """Fallback for memos whose HTML page is only a stub linking to a PDF."""
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
+    main = soup.find("main")
+    if main is None:
+        return []
+    pdf_href = next((a["href"] for a in main.find_all("a", href=True)
+                     if a["href"].lower().endswith(".pdf")), None)
+    if not pdf_href:
+        return []
+    pdf_url = urljoin(url, pdf_href)
+
+    match = _URL_NUMBER.search(url)
+    number = match.group(1).upper() if match else url
+    h1 = main.find("h1")
+    topic = _norm(h1.get_text(" ", strip=True)) if h1 else ""
+    topic = re.sub(r"^Memorandum\s+D[\w-]+\s*[:–-]\s*", "", topic, flags=re.I)
+    dm = main.find("time", attrs={"property": "dateModified"})
+    date = _norm(dm.get("datetime") or dm.get_text()) if dm else ""
+
+    pdf_bytes = _fetch(pdf_url, DMEMO_DIR / "pdf" / pdf_url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1])
+    text = _pdf_text(pdf_bytes)
+    if not text:
+        return []
+
+    parts = _split(text)
+    chunks = []
+    for i, part in enumerate(parts, 1):
+        label = topic or number
+        if len(parts) > 1:
+            label = f"{label} (part {i})"
+        chunks.append({
+            "id": f"dmemo-{number}-pdf{i}",
+            "doc_type": "memorandum",
+            "act_code": "D-Memo",
+            "act_short": "D-Memo",
+            "act_name": "CBSA D-Memoranda",
+            "section": number,
+            "marginal_note": label,
+            "part": "",
+            "division": "",
+            "heading": "",
+            "text": part,
+            "history": "",
+            "last_amended": date,
+            "current_to": date,
+            "citation": f"Memorandum {number}",
+            "source_url": url,
+        })
+    return chunks
+
+
+def ingest(force=False, limit=None):
+    urls = memo_urls(force=force)
+    if limit:
+        urls = urls[:limit]
+    print(f"Ingesting {len(urls)} D-Memoranda...")
+    all_chunks, failures = [], []
+    for i, url in enumerate(urls, 1):
+        try:
+            html = _fetch(url, DMEMO_DIR / url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1], force=force)
+            chunks = parse_memo(html, url) or parse_pdf_memo(html, url)
+            if chunks:
+                all_chunks.extend(chunks)
+            else:
+                failures.append((url, "no content parsed"))
+        except Exception as exc:
+            failures.append((url, f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}"))
+        if i % 50 == 0:
+            print(f"  {i}/{len(urls)} ...")
+    PROCESSED_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    OUT_FILE.write_text(json.dumps(all_chunks, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"  {len(all_chunks)} section-chunks from {len(urls) - len(failures)} memos "
+          f"-> {OUT_FILE.name}")
+    if failures:
+        print(f"  {len(failures)} memos with no content / errors:")
+        for url, why in failures[:15]:
+            print(f"    - {url.rsplit('/', 1)[-1]}: {why}")
+
+
+def main():
+    force = "--force" in sys.argv
+    limit = next((int(a.split("=", 1)[1]) for a in sys.argv[1:]
+                  if a.startswith("--limit=")), None)
+    ingest(force=force, limit=limit)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

canlex/embed.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""Build semantic embeddings for ingested legislation chunks (local, key-free)."""
+import json
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from .config import PROCESSED_DIR
+
+MODEL_NAME = "minishlab/potion-retrieval-32M"
+EMB_PATH = PROCESSED_DIR / "embeddings.npz"
+_MAX_BODY = 2000  # cap embedded body text so long sections stay topically focused
+
+
+def load_chunks():
+    chunks = []
+    for path in sorted(PROCESSED_DIR.glob("*.json")):
+        chunks.extend(json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")))
+    return chunks
+
+
+def embed_text(chunk):
+    """Compact, retrieval-focused representation of one section."""
+    note = chunk["marginal_note"]
+    body = chunk["text"][:_MAX_BODY]
+    # The marginal note (section title) is the strongest topical signal, so it
+    # is repeated to weight it up in the mean-pooled static embedding.
+    parts = [chunk["act_short"], note, note, chunk["heading"], body]
+    return " . ".join(p for p in parts if p)
+
+
+class Embedder:
+    """Local static-embedding model (model2vec): no API key, runs offline once cached."""
+
+    def __init__(self, model_name=MODEL_NAME):
+        from model2vec import StaticModel
+        self.model = StaticModel.from_pretrained(model_name)
+
+    def encode(self, texts):
+        """Return L2-normalized float32 vectors, one row per input text."""
+        vecs = np.asarray(self.model.encode(list(texts)), dtype=np.float32)
+        if vecs.ndim == 1:
+            vecs = vecs.reshape(1, -1)
+        norms = np.linalg.norm(vecs, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+        return vecs / np.maximum(norms, 1e-9)
+
+
+def build():
+    chunks = load_chunks()
+    if not chunks:
+        print(f"No processed legislation in {PROCESSED_DIR}. Run 'canlex.ingest' first.")
+        return
+    print(f"Embedding {len(chunks)} sections with {MODEL_NAME} ...")
+    vectors = Embedder().encode([embed_text(c) for c in chunks])
+    ids = np.array([c["id"] for c in chunks])
+    np.savez(EMB_PATH, ids=ids, vectors=vectors)
+    print(f"  {vectors.shape[0]} vectors, dim {vectors.shape[1]} -> {EMB_PATH.name}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    build()

canlex/index.py

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+"""Hybrid retrieval (BM25 + semantic) with cross-encoder reranking."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+
+from .config import PROCESSED_DIR
+
+K1 = 1.5
+B = 0.75
+RRF_K = 60          # reciprocal-rank-fusion damping constant
+CANDIDATES = 80     # hits each retriever contributes to the fusion
+RERANK_POOL = 50    # top fused candidates the cross-encoder rescores
+
+_TOKEN = re.compile(r"[a-z0-9]+")
+_SECTION_REF = re.compile(r"\bs(?:ec(?:tion)?)?s?\.?\s*(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)")
+
+
+def tokenize(text):
+    return _TOKEN.findall(text.lower())
+
+
+def _section_refs(query):
+    """Pull explicit section numbers from a query, e.g. 'section 34', 's. 20.1'."""
+    return set(_SECTION_REF.findall(query.lower()))
+
+
+class LegislationIndex:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.chunks = []
+        for path in sorted(PROCESSED_DIR.glob("*.json")):
+            self.chunks.extend(json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")))
+        if not self.chunks:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"No processed legislation in {PROCESSED_DIR}. Run 'canlex.ingest' first.")
+        self._build_bm25()
+        self._load_semantic()
+        self._load_reranker()
+
+    def _build_bm25(self):
+        self.doc_len = []
+        self.postings = defaultdict(list)  # term -> [(doc_idx, term_frequency), ...]
+        df = defaultdict(int)
+        for idx, c in enumerate(self.chunks):
+            # The marginal note (title) is repeated to weight it above body text;
+            # act_code and section are indexed so codes/numbers are searchable too.
+            blob = " ".join((c["marginal_note"], c["marginal_note"], c["heading"],
+                             c["part"], c["division"], c["act_code"], c["section"],
+                             c["text"]))
+            counts = Counter(tokenize(blob))
+            self.doc_len.append(sum(counts.values()))
+            for term, tf in counts.items():
+                self.postings[term].append((idx, tf))
+                df[term] += 1
+        n = len(self.chunks)
+        self.avgdl = sum(self.doc_len) / n
+        self.idf = {t: math.log(1 + (n - d + 0.5) / (d + 0.5)) for t, d in df.items()}
+
+    def _load_semantic(self):
+        """Load precomputed embeddings and the query embedder.
+
+        Any failure (missing embeddings, or numpy/model unavailable) degrades the
+        index to BM25-only rather than breaking retrieval.
+        """
+        self.semantic = False
+        emb_path = PROCESSED_DIR / "embeddings.npz"
+        if not emb_path.exists():
+            print("CanLex index: no embeddings.npz; using BM25 only "
+                  "(run 'canlex.embed' to enable semantic search).", file=sys.stderr)
+            return
+        try:
+            import numpy as np
+            from .embed import Embedder
+            with np.load(emb_path) as data:
+                id_to_vec = dict(zip(data["ids"].tolist(), data["vectors"]))
+                dim = int(data["vectors"].shape[1])
+            missing = 0
+            rows = []
+            for c in self.chunks:
+                vec = id_to_vec.get(c["id"])
+                if vec is None:
+                    missing += 1
+                    rows.append(np.zeros(dim, dtype=np.float32))
+                else:
+                    rows.append(vec)
+            self._np = np
+            self.vectors = np.vstack(rows)
+            self.embedder = Embedder()
+            self.semantic = True
+            if missing:
+                print(f"CanLex index: {missing}/{len(self.chunks)} sections lack "
+                      f"embeddings; re-run 'canlex.embed' to refresh.", file=sys.stderr)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            print(f"CanLex index: semantic search disabled ({type(exc).__name__}: "
+                  f"{exc}); using BM25 only.", file=sys.stderr)
+            self.semantic = False
+
+    def _load_reranker(self):
+        """Load the cross-encoder reranker; degrade to the fusion order on failure."""
+        self.reranker = None
+        try:
+            from .rerank import Reranker
+            self.reranker = Reranker()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            print(f"CanLex index: reranker disabled ({type(exc).__name__}: {exc}); "
+                  f"using hybrid fusion order.", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    def _bm25_scores(self, query):
+        scores = defaultdict(float)
+        for term in set(tokenize(query)):
+            idf = self.idf.get(term)
+            if idf is None:
+                continue
+            for idx, tf in self.postings[term]:
+                dl = self.doc_len[idx]
+                denom = tf + K1 * (1 - B + B * dl / self.avgdl)
+                scores[idx] += idf * tf * (K1 + 1) / denom
+        return scores
+
+    def _semantic_ranking(self, query):
+        qv = self.embedder.encode([query])[0]
+        sims = self.vectors @ qv
+        order = self._np.argsort(sims)[::-1][:CANDIDATES]
+        return [int(i) for i in order]
+
+    def _rerank_doc(self, idx):
+        c = self.chunks[idx]
+        return f"{c['citation']} — {c['marginal_note']}\n{c['text']}"
+
+    def search(self, query, top_k=6, act=None, doc_type=None):
+        """Hybrid candidate fusion (BM25 + semantic), then cross-encoder rerank."""
+        fused = defaultdict(float)
+        bm25 = self._bm25_scores(query)
+        for rank, idx in enumerate(sorted(bm25, key=bm25.get, reverse=True)[:CANDIDATES]):
+            fused[idx] += 1.0 / (RRF_K + rank)
+        if self.semantic:
+            for rank, idx in enumerate(self._semantic_ranking(query)):
+                fused[idx] += 1.0 / (RRF_K + rank)
+
+        # Ensure explicitly-referenced sections are retrieved even if recall missed them.
+        refs = _section_refs(query)
+        if refs:
+            for idx, c in enumerate(self.chunks):
+                if c["section"] in refs and idx not in fused:
+                    fused[idx] = 0.0
+
+        def allowed(idx):
+            c = self.chunks[idx]
+            if act and act.lower() not in (c["act_short"].lower(), c["act_code"].lower()):
+                return False
+            if doc_type and c.get("doc_type", "legislation") != doc_type:
+                return False
+            return True
+
+        candidates = [i for i in sorted(fused, key=fused.get, reverse=True) if allowed(i)]
+        if not candidates:
+            return []
+        scores = {i: fused[i] for i in candidates}
+
+        # Precision stage: the cross-encoder rescores the top candidate pool.
+        if self.reranker:
+            pool = candidates[:RERANK_POOL]
+            for idx, ce in zip(pool, self.reranker.score(
+                    query, [self._rerank_doc(i) for i in pool])):
+                scores[idx] = ce
+            pool.sort(key=lambda i: scores[i], reverse=True)
+            candidates = pool + candidates[RERANK_POOL:]
+
+        # Explicit section references are pinned to the very top.
+        if refs:
+            pinned = [i for i in candidates if self.chunks[i]["section"] in refs]
+            if pinned:
+                pinned_set = set(pinned)
+                candidates = pinned + [i for i in candidates if i not in pinned_set]
+
+        return [{**self.chunks[i], "score": round(scores[i], 4)} for i in candidates[:top_k]]
+
+    def get_section(self, act, section):
+        act = act.lower()
+        for c in self.chunks:
+            if c["section"] == section and act in (c["act_short"].lower(), c["act_code"].lower()):
+                return c
+        return None
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+        print('usage: python -m canlex.index "your query"')
+        return
+    query = " ".join(sys.argv[1:])
+    index = LegislationIndex()
+    if index.reranker:
+        mode = "hybrid + cross-encoder rerank"
+    elif index.semantic:
+        mode = "hybrid (BM25 + semantic)"
+    else:
+        mode = "BM25 only"
+    print(f"{len(index.chunks)} sections indexed - {mode}. Query: {query!r}\n")
+    for r in index.search(query):
+        print(f"[{r['score']:.3f}] {r['citation']} - {r['marginal_note']}")
+        print(f"          {r['text'].replace(chr(10), ' ')[:160]}")
+    print()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

canlex/ingest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+"""Ingest Justice Laws XML into structured, section-level JSON chunks."""
+import json
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+import urllib.request
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+
+from .config import SOURCES, RAW_DIR, PROCESSED_DIR
+
+LIMS = "{http://justice.gc.ca/lims}"
+BLOCK_TAGS = {"Subsection", "Paragraph", "Subparagraph", "Clause", "Definition"}
+
+
+def _norm(text):
+    """Collapse all whitespace, including en-spaces and NBSP, to single spaces."""
+    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text or "").strip()
+
+
+def _itertext(el):
+    return _norm("".join(el.itertext()))
+
+
+def fetch_xml(code, force=False):
+    src = SOURCES[code]
+    RAW_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    dest = RAW_DIR / f"{code}.xml"
+    if dest.exists() and not force:
+        return dest
+    print(f"  downloading {src['xml_url']}")
+    req = urllib.request.Request(src["xml_url"], headers={"User-Agent": "CanLex/0.1"})
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=120) as resp:
+        dest.write_bytes(resp.read())
+    time.sleep(1.0)  # be polite to the Justice Laws server between downloads
+    return dest
+
+
+def _heading_text(h):
+    """Render a <Heading> as 'LABEL - TITLE' when both parts are present."""
+    label, title = h.find("Label"), h.find("TitleText")
+    if label is not None or title is not None:
+        parts = [_itertext(e) for e in (label, title) if e is not None]
+        return " - ".join(p for p in parts if p)
+    return _itertext(h)
+
+
+def _render_block(el, is_section=False):
+    """Recursively render a provision element into readable, structured text."""
+    label = note = ""
+    inline, blocks = [], []
+    for child in el:
+        tag = child.tag
+        if tag == "Label":
+            label = _itertext(child)
+        elif tag == "MarginalNote":
+            if not is_section:  # a section's own marginal note is its title
+                note = _itertext(child)
+        elif tag == "Text":
+            inline.append(_itertext(child))
+        elif tag == "HistoricalNote":
+            continue
+        elif tag in BLOCK_TAGS:
+            blocks.append(_render_block(child))
+        else:
+            nested = _render_block(child)
+            if nested:
+                blocks.append(nested)
+    head = " ".join(p for p in (label, f"[{note}]" if note else "", " ".join(inline)) if p)
+    if blocks:
+        return (head + "\n" if head else "") + "\n".join(b for b in blocks if b)
+    return head
+
+
+def _history(section):
+    note = section.find("HistoricalNote")
+    if note is None:
+        return ""
+    return "; ".join(_itertext(i) for i in note.iter("HistoricalNoteSubItem"))
+
+
+def parse_legislation(xml_path, code):
+    src = SOURCES[code]
+    data = xml_path.read_bytes()
+    if data[:3] == b"\xef\xbb\xbf":  # some Justice Laws XML files carry a UTF-8 BOM
+        data = data[3:]
+    root = ET.fromstring(data)
+    current_to = root.get(f"{LIMS}current-date", "")
+    body = root.find("Body")
+    if body is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"{code}: no <Body> element (root <{root.tag}>)")
+
+    headings, chunks = {}, []
+    for el in body:
+        if el.tag == "Heading":
+            try:
+                level = int(el.get("level", "0"))
+            except ValueError:
+                level = 0
+            headings = {k: v for k, v in headings.items() if k < level}
+            headings[level] = _heading_text(el)
+            continue
+        if el.tag != "Section":
+            continue
+
+        label_el = el.find("Label")
+        number = _itertext(label_el) if label_el is not None else ""
+        note_el = el.find("MarginalNote")
+        marginal = _itertext(note_el) if note_el is not None else ""
+        body_text = _render_block(el, is_section=True)
+
+        if number:
+            chunk_id = f"{code}-s{number}"
+            citation = f"{src['short']}, s. {number}"
+            source_url = f"{src['web_base']}section-{number}.html"
+        else:
+            # An unnumbered <Section> is a preamble or enacting recital. Keep it
+            # unless it has no text; the LIMS id keeps the chunk id unique when
+            # an Act contains more than one such block.
+            if not body_text:
+                continue
+            number = marginal or "Preamble"
+            marginal = marginal or "Preamble"
+            lims_id = el.get(f"{LIMS}id") or str(len(chunks))
+            chunk_id = f"{code}-pre-{lims_id}"
+            citation = f"{src['short']}, {number}"
+            source_url = src["web_base"]
+
+        part = next((v for _, v in sorted(headings.items())
+                     if v.upper().startswith("PART")), "")
+        division = next((v for _, v in sorted(headings.items())
+                         if v.upper().startswith("DIVISION")), "")
+        nearest = headings[max(headings)] if headings else ""
+
+        chunks.append({
+            "id": chunk_id,
+            "act_code": code,
+            "act_short": src["short"],
+            "act_name": src["name"],
+            "section": number,
+            "marginal_note": marginal,
+            "part": part,
+            "division": division,
+            "heading": nearest,
+            "text": body_text,
+            "history": _history(el),
+            "last_amended": el.get(f"{LIMS}lastAmendedDate", ""),
+            "current_to": current_to,
+            "citation": citation,
+            "source_url": source_url,
+        })
+
+    return chunks
+
+
+def ingest(code, force=False):
+    print(f"Ingesting {code} ({SOURCES[code]['short']})...")
+    xml_path = fetch_xml(code, force=force)
+    chunks = parse_legislation(xml_path, code)
+    PROCESSED_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    out = PROCESSED_DIR / f"{code}.json"
+    out.write_text(json.dumps(chunks, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"  {len(chunks)} sections -> {out.name}")
+    return chunks
+
+
+def main():
+    force = "--force" in sys.argv
+    only = [a for a in sys.argv[1:] if not a.startswith("-")]
+    codes = only or list(SOURCES)
+    failures = []
+    for code in codes:
+        if code not in SOURCES:
+            print(f"  SKIP {code}: not a known source")
+            continue
+        try:
+            ingest(code, force=force)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            failures.append((code, exc))
+            print(f"  FAILED {code}: {type(exc).__name__}: {exc}")
+    print(f"\nDone: {len(codes) - len(failures)}/{len(codes)} ingested.")
+    for code, exc in failures:
+        print(f"  FAILED {code}: {exc}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

canlex/rerank.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+"""Cross-encoder reranker over ONNX Runtime (local, key-free)."""
+import json
+
+import numpy as np
+import onnxruntime as ort
+from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
+from tokenizers import Tokenizer
+
+RERANK_REPO = "Xenova/bge-reranker-base"
+RERANK_ONNX = "onnx/model_quantized.onnx"  # int8: ~3x faster on CPU, negligible quality loss
+MAX_TOKENS = 512
+_MAX_DOC_CHARS = 3000  # cap doc text before tokenizing (512 tokens ~ 2-3k chars)
+
+
+class Reranker:
+    """Cross-encoder that scores (query, section) pairs for relevance.
+
+    Loads a BGE reranker as ONNX and runs it on CPU -- no API key; the model is
+    downloaded once and cached. A cross-encoder reads the query and section
+    jointly, so it judges true relevance far better than the BM25/embedding
+    similarities used to build the candidate pool.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        model_path = hf_hub_download(RERANK_REPO, RERANK_ONNX)
+        tok_path = hf_hub_download(RERANK_REPO, "tokenizer.json")
+        cfg_path = hf_hub_download(RERANK_REPO, "config.json")
+        with open(cfg_path, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+            self.pad_id = json.load(fh).get("pad_token_id", 0)
+
+        self.session = ort.InferenceSession(model_path, providers=["CPUExecutionProvider"])
+        self.input_names = {i.name for i in self.session.get_inputs()}
+
+        self.tokenizer = Tokenizer.from_file(tok_path)
+        # only_second keeps the query intact and truncates the (longer) section.
+        self.tokenizer.enable_truncation(max_length=MAX_TOKENS, strategy="only_second")
+
+    def score(self, query, documents):
+        """Return a relevance logit for each document paired with the query.
+
+        Higher means more relevant. The returned list is aligned with `documents`.
+        """
+        if not documents:
+            return []
+        encs = self.tokenizer.encode_batch(
+            [(query, doc[:_MAX_DOC_CHARS]) for doc in documents])
+        width = max(len(e.ids) for e in encs)
+        input_ids = np.full((len(encs), width), self.pad_id, dtype=np.int64)
+        attention = np.zeros((len(encs), width), dtype=np.int64)
+        type_ids = np.zeros((len(encs), width), dtype=np.int64)
+        for row, enc in enumerate(encs):
+            n = len(enc.ids)
+            input_ids[row, :n] = enc.ids
+            attention[row, :n] = enc.attention_mask
+            type_ids[row, :n] = enc.type_ids
+
+        feed = {"input_ids": input_ids, "attention_mask": attention}
+        if "token_type_ids" in self.input_names:
+            feed["token_type_ids"] = type_ids
+        logits = self.session.run(None, feed)[0]
+        return np.asarray(logits, dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1).tolist()
+
+
+def main():
+    import time
+    print(f"Loading {RERANK_REPO} ({RERANK_ONNX}) ...")
+    reranker = Reranker()
+    query = "powers of arrest without warrant"
+    docs = [
+        "Arrest without warrant. A peace officer may arrest without warrant a "
+        "person who has committed a criminal offence.",
+        "Definitions. In this Act, fish means any fish and includes shellfish, "
+        "crustaceans and marine animals.",
+        "Importation. It is prohibited to import cannabis except as authorized "
+        "under this Act.",
+    ]
+    start = time.perf_counter()
+    scores = reranker.score(query, docs)
+    elapsed = (time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000
+    print(f"\nQuery: {query!r}")
+    for doc, score in sorted(zip(docs, scores), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True):
+        print(f"  {score:8.3f}  {doc[:62]}")
+    print(f"\n{elapsed:.0f} ms for {len(docs)} documents")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

canlex/server.py

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""MCP server exposing CanLex Canadian legislation retrieval as tools.
+
+Runs over stdio. Launched by an MCP client (Claude Code / Claude Desktop);
+it requires no API keys -- retrieval is fully local.
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+# Allow this file to be launched directly by an MCP client, cwd-independent.
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent))
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
+
+from canlex.index import LegislationIndex
+
+mcp = FastMCP("canlex_mcp", host="0.0.0.0",
+              port=int(os.environ.get("PORT", "8000")))
+
+_READONLY = {
+    "readOnlyHint": True,
+    "destructiveHint": False,
+    "idempotentHint": True,
+    "openWorldHint": False,
+}
+
+# Prepended to every result so the model grounds, cites, and hedges correctly.
+GROUNDING_NOTE = (
+    "ANSWERING INSTRUCTIONS: Base the answer only on the material below. Cite "
+    "specific provisions and quote key operative words (e.g. 'IRPA s. 34(1)(c)'). "
+    "Distinguish the kinds of source: enacted law (Acts and regulations) is binding; "
+    "CBSA D-Memoranda are administrative guidance -- persuasive only, not binding, "
+    "and a court may disagree with them; collective agreements and the National "
+    "Joint Council directives they incorporate are binding employment-terms "
+    "instruments for a bargaining unit. State the "
+    "'current to', modified, or in-force date when stating the law. If the material "
+    "below does not fully resolve the question -- including where it turns on case "
+    "law or facts not present here -- say so explicitly. This is legal information, "
+    "not legal advice."
+)
+
+_INDEX: Optional[LegislationIndex] = None
+
+
+def _index() -> LegislationIndex:
+    """Load and cache the legislation index on first use."""
+    global _INDEX
+    if _INDEX is None:
+        _INDEX = LegislationIndex()
+    return _INDEX
+
+
+def _format_section(c: dict) -> str:
+    """Render one chunk (legislation, D-Memo, or agreement) as cited Markdown."""
+    doc_type = c.get("doc_type", "legislation")
+    header = f"### {c['citation']} — {c['marginal_note']}".rstrip(" —")
+    location = " > ".join(p for p in (c["part"], c["division"]) if p)
+    lines = [header]
+    if location:
+        lines.append(f"*{location}*")
+    if doc_type == "memorandum":
+        lines.append("_CBSA administrative guidance — persuasive, not binding law._")
+        lines.append(f"(modified {c['current_to'] or 'n/a'})")
+    elif doc_type == "agreement":
+        lines.append("_Treasury Board collective agreement — a binding contract for "
+                     "this bargaining unit._")
+        lines.append(f"(in force to {c['current_to'] or 'n/a'})")
+    elif doc_type == "directive":
+        lines.append("_National Joint Council directive — forms part of collective "
+                     "agreements; binding for the matters it covers._")
+        lines.append(f"(effective {c['current_to'] or 'n/a'})")
+    else:
+        meta = [f"current to {c['current_to'] or 'n/a'}"]
+        if c["last_amended"]:
+            meta.append(f"last amended {c['last_amended']}")
+        lines.append(f"({'; '.join(meta)})")
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append(c["text"])
+    lines.append("")
+    if c["history"]:
+        lines.append(f"Amendment history: {c['history']}")
+    lines.append(f"Source: {c['source_url']}")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+class SearchInput(BaseModel):
+    """Input for canlex_search_legislation."""
+    model_config = ConfigDict(str_strip_whitespace=True, extra="forbid")
+
+    query: str = Field(
+        ...,
+        description="Natural-language legal question or keywords, e.g. "
+        "'detention review timelines' or 'inadmissibility for serious criminality'.",
+        min_length=2, max_length=500,
+    )
+    top_k: int = Field(
+        default=6,
+        description="Number of sections to return (1-20). Use more for broad questions.",
+        ge=1, le=20,
+    )
+    act: Optional[str] = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Optional filter to a single Act, by short name or code "
+        "(e.g. 'IRPA' or 'I-2.5'). Omit to search every loaded Act.",
+    )
+    doc_type: Optional[str] = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Optional filter by source type: 'legislation' (Acts and "
+        "regulations), 'memorandum' (CBSA D-Memoranda), 'agreement' (collective "
+        "agreements), or 'directive' (NJC directives). Omit to search all.",
+    )
+
+
+class GetSectionInput(BaseModel):
+    """Input for canlex_get_section."""
+    model_config = ConfigDict(str_strip_whitespace=True, extra="forbid")
+
+    act: str = Field(..., description="Act short name or code, e.g. 'IRPA' or 'I-2.5'.",
+                     min_length=1, max_length=60)
+    section: str = Field(..., description="Section number exactly as cited, e.g. '34', '20.1'.",
+                         min_length=1, max_length=20)
+
+
+@mcp.tool(name="canlex_search_legislation",
+          annotations={"title": "Search Canadian Legislation", **_READONLY})
+def canlex_search_legislation(params: SearchInput) -> str:
+    """Search Canadian federal law, CBSA D-Memoranda, agreements, and NJC directives.
+
+    The CanLex corpus has four kinds of source: 31 federal Acts and regulations
+    (immigration, customs, criminal, drugs, food/health, labour, privacy and more);
+    CBSA D-Memoranda (the Canada Border Services Agency's administrative guidance on
+    how it applies customs and border law); Treasury Board collective agreements
+    (currently the FB / Border Services group); and National Joint Council directives
+    (travel, relocation, isolated posts and more). Use this for ANY question about
+    that material. It ranks results by relevance and returns their full text so the
+    answer can cite the actual wording; an explicit section reference (e.g. "section
+    34") is always surfaced. Each result is marked with its source type.
+
+    Args:
+        params (SearchInput): Validated input containing:
+            - query (str): Legal question or keywords to search for.
+            - top_k (int): How many sections to return, 1-20 (default 6).
+            - act (Optional[str]): Restrict to one Act by short name/code, or omit for all.
+            - doc_type (Optional[str]): 'legislation', 'memorandum', 'agreement', or
+              'directive' to restrict to one source type; omit to search all.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Markdown with answering instructions followed by the matching sections.
+        Each section block contains its citation, Part/Division, the 'current to' and
+        'last amended' dates, the full provision text, amendment history, and a source
+        URL. Returns a "No ... matched" message if nothing is found.
+
+    Examples:
+        - "What are the security grounds for inadmissibility?" -> query about s. 34.
+        - "detention review 48 hours" -> finds the detention-review provisions.
+        - Don't use to look up a known section number verbatim -- use canlex_get_section.
+    """
+    index = _index()
+    results = index.search(params.query, top_k=params.top_k, act=params.act,
+                           doc_type=params.doc_type)
+    if not results:
+        scope = f" in '{params.act}'" if params.act else ""
+        return (f"No results matched '{params.query}'{scope}. "
+                f"Try broader or different keywords, or call canlex_list_acts to see "
+                f"what is currently loaded.")
+    blocks = [GROUNDING_NOTE, "",
+              f'{len(results)} relevant section(s) for: "{params.query}"']
+    for c in results:
+        blocks.append("")
+        blocks.append("---")
+        blocks.append("")
+        blocks.append(_format_section(c))
+    return "\n".join(blocks)
+
+
+@mcp.tool(name="canlex_get_section",
+          annotations={"title": "Get a Legislation Section", **_READONLY})
+def canlex_get_section(params: GetSectionInput) -> str:
+    """Retrieve one specific section of legislation verbatim, by Act and section number.
+
+    Use this when the exact citation is already known (e.g. the user asks about
+    "IRPA section 34" or a provision cross-references "subsection 25.1(1)").
+
+    Args:
+        params (GetSectionInput): Validated input containing:
+            - act (str): Act short name or code, e.g. 'IRPA' or 'I-2.5'.
+            - section (str): Section number exactly as cited, e.g. '34' or '20.1'.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Markdown with answering instructions followed by the section's citation,
+        Part/Division, 'current to' and 'last amended' dates, full provision text,
+        amendment history, and source URL. Returns an actionable error message (listing
+        the loaded Acts) if the Act or section is not found.
+
+    Examples:
+        - "Show me IRPA s. 34" -> act='IRPA', section='34'.
+        - "What does subsection 20.1 say" -> act='IRPA', section='20.1'.
+    """
+    index = _index()
+    section = index.get_section(params.act, params.section)
+    if section is None:
+        acts = sorted({c["act_short"] for c in index.chunks})
+        return (f"Error: no section '{params.section}' found in '{params.act}'. "
+                f"Loaded Acts: {', '.join(acts) or 'none'}. Check the section number, "
+                f"or use canlex_search_legislation to locate the provision by topic.")
+    return GROUNDING_NOTE + "\n\n" + _format_section(section)
+
+
+@mcp.tool(name="canlex_list_acts",
+          annotations={"title": "List Loaded Legislation", **_READONLY})
+def canlex_list_acts() -> str:
+    """List what the CanLex corpus contains -- Acts and regulations, CBSA
+    D-Memoranda, collective agreements, and NJC directives.
+
+    Use this to learn the scope and currency of the corpus before searching, or to
+    report it to the user.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Markdown grouped by source type.
+    """
+    index = _index()
+    acts: dict[str, dict] = {}
+    agreements: dict[str, dict] = {}
+    directives: dict[str, dict] = {}
+    memo_numbers: set[str] = set()
+    memo_chunks = 0
+    memo_date = ""
+    for c in index.chunks:
+        doc_type = c.get("doc_type", "legislation")
+        if doc_type == "memorandum":
+            memo_numbers.add(c["section"])
+            memo_chunks += 1
+            memo_date = max(memo_date, c["current_to"] or "")
+        elif doc_type == "agreement":
+            entry = agreements.setdefault(c["act_code"], {
+                "short": c["act_short"], "name": c["act_name"],
+                "current_to": c["current_to"], "count": 0,
+            })
+            entry["count"] += 1
+        elif doc_type == "directive":
+            entry = directives.setdefault(c["act_code"], {
+                "short": c["act_short"], "current_to": c["current_to"], "count": 0,
+            })
+            entry["count"] += 1
+        else:
+            entry = acts.setdefault(c["act_code"], {
+                "short": c["act_short"], "name": c["act_name"],
+                "code": c["act_code"], "current_to": c["current_to"], "count": 0,
+            })
+            entry["count"] += 1
+    lines = ["# CanLex corpus", "", "## Enacted law"]
+    for a in sorted(acts.values(), key=lambda x: x["short"]):
+        lines.append(f"- **{a['short']}** — {a['name']} ({a['code']}): "
+                     f"{a['count']} sections, current to {a['current_to'] or 'n/a'}")
+    if memo_numbers:
+        lines += ["", "## CBSA guidance",
+                  f"- **D-Memoranda** — {len(memo_numbers)} memoranda "
+                  f"({memo_chunks} sections), modified up to {memo_date or 'n/a'}. "
+                  f"Administrative guidance on customs and border law; "
+                  f"persuasive, not binding."]
+    if agreements:
+        lines += ["", "## Collective agreements"]
+        for a in sorted(agreements.values(), key=lambda x: x["short"]):
+            lines.append(f"- **{a['short']}** — {a['name']}: {a['count']} articles, "
+                         f"in force to {a['current_to'] or 'n/a'}")
+    if directives:
+        lines += ["", "## NJC directives"]
+        for a in sorted(directives.values(), key=lambda x: x["short"]):
+            lines.append(f"- **{a['short']}**: {a['count']} sections, "
+                         f"effective {a['current_to'] or 'n/a'}")
+    lines += ["", "Search with canlex_search_legislation; filter by doc_type "
+              "(legislation / memorandum / agreement / directive). Fetch a known "
+              "provision with canlex_get_section, or a case's citations with "
+              "canlex_case."]
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+_CITATOR = None
+
+
+def _citator():
+    """Load and cache the CanLII citator on first use."""
+    global _CITATOR
+    if _CITATOR is None:
+        from canlex.citator import Citator
+        _CITATOR = Citator()
+    return _CITATOR
+
+
+class CaseInput(BaseModel):
+    """Input for canlex_case."""
+    model_config = ConfigDict(str_strip_whitespace=True, extra="forbid")
+
+    case_url: str = Field(
+        ...,
+        description="A full canlii.org case URL, e.g. "
+        "'https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/2019/2019scc65/2019scc65.html'. "
+        "Find it by web search if you only have the case name.",
+        min_length=10, max_length=400,
+    )
+
+
+def _format_case(report: dict) -> str:
+    """Render a CanLII citator report as Markdown."""
+    meta = report["meta"]
+    lines = [f"## {meta.get('title', '(untitled case)')}",
+             meta.get("citation", "").strip()]
+    facts = []
+    if meta.get("decisionDate"):
+        facts.append(f"decided {meta['decisionDate']}")
+    if meta.get("docketNumber"):
+        facts.append(f"docket {meta['docketNumber']}")
+    if facts:
+        lines.append("(" + "; ".join(facts) + ")")
+    if meta.get("keywords"):
+        lines.append(f"**Keywords:** {meta['keywords']}")
+    if meta.get("topics"):
+        lines.append(f"**Topics:** {meta['topics']}")
+    if meta.get("url"):
+        lines.append(f"CanLII: {meta['url']}")
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append("_CanLII citator data (live). This is case metadata and the "
+                 "citation graph only -- not the judgment text; follow the CanLII "
+                 "link to read the decision. A case is binding precedent depending "
+                 "on the court and jurisdiction._")
+
+    def case_list(label, block):
+        rows = [f"\n### {label}: {block['total']}"]
+        for item in block["items"]:
+            rows.append(f"- {item.get('title', '')} — {item.get('citation', '')}")
+        extra = block["total"] - len(block["items"])
+        if extra > 0:
+            rows.append(f"  ...and {extra} more.")
+        return rows
+
+    lines += case_list("Cited by (later cases citing this one)", report["citingCases"])
+    lines += case_list("Cites (authorities this case relies on)", report["citedCases"])
+
+    legis = report["citedLegislations"]
+    lines.append(f"\n### Legislation cited: {legis['total']}")
+    for item in legis["items"]:
+        kind = item.get("type", "")
+        lines.append(f"- {item.get('title', '')} �� {item.get('citation', '')}"
+                     + (f" [{kind}]" if kind else ""))
+    extra = legis["total"] - len(legis["items"])
+    if extra > 0:
+        lines.append(f"  ...and {extra} more.")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+@mcp.tool(name="canlex_case",
+          annotations={"title": "CanLII Case Citator", "readOnlyHint": True,
+                       "destructiveHint": False, "idempotentHint": True,
+                       "openWorldHint": True})
+def canlex_case(params: CaseInput) -> str:
+    """Look up a Canadian court case on CanLII and return its citation graph.
+
+    Given a case's full canlii.org URL, returns the case's metadata plus its
+    citator: the cases it cites, the cases that cite it (its treatment and how
+    leading it is), and the legislation it cites -- live from the CanLII API.
+
+    The CanLII API has no case search, so the case's full canlii.org URL must be
+    supplied (find it by web search if you only have the case name). This returns
+    metadata and the citation graph only, NOT the judgment text -- follow the
+    CanLII link for that. A call takes ~15-20 seconds (the API is rate-limited).
+
+    Args:
+        params (CaseInput): contains case_url -- a full canlii.org case URL.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Markdown -- the case's title, neutral citation, date, docket and
+        topics; how many cases cite it (with examples); how many it cites; and the
+        legislation it cites. Returns an error message if the URL is not a
+        recognized canlii.org case URL, or if the CanLII API is unavailable.
+    """
+    try:
+        citator = _citator()
+    except Exception as exc:
+        return (f"The case citator is unavailable: {exc} "
+                f"It needs a CanLII API key in canlii_key.txt.")
+    try:
+        report = citator.case_report(params.case_url)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        return f"CanLII lookup failed: {type(exc).__name__}: {exc}"
+    if "error" in report:
+        return f"Error: {report['error']}"
+    return _format_case(report)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    try:
+        idx = _index()
+        print(f"CanLex MCP: {len(idx.chunks)} sections loaded.", file=sys.stderr)
+    except Exception as exc:  # surfaced in the MCP client's server logs
+        print(f"CanLex MCP: failed to load legislation index: {exc}\n"
+              f"Run 'py -m canlex.ingest' first.", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    # CANLEX_HTTP switches on the remote (web) transport; default is local stdio.
+    if os.environ.get("CANLEX_HTTP"):
+        print("CanLex MCP: serving over streamable-HTTP.", file=sys.stderr)
+        mcp.run(transport="streamable-http")
+    else:
+        mcp.run()

data/processed/A-8.8.json

@@ -0,0 +1,801 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s1",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "1",
+    "marginal_note": "Short title",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Short Title",
+    "text": "1 This Act may be cited as the Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s2",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "2",
+    "marginal_note": "Definitions",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Interpretation",
+    "text": "2 In this Act,\nagri-food Act means the Farm Debt Mediation Act, the Feeds Act, the Fertilizers Act, the Health of Animals Act, the Pest Control Products Act, the Plant Protection Act, the Safe Food for Canadians Act or the Seeds Act; (loi agroalimentaire)\nMinister means the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food, except that\n(a) it means the Minister of Health in relation to a violation involving a contravention of\n(i) the Pest Control Products Act, or\n(ii) a provision relating to food safety of an agri-food Act or of a regulation made under such an Act, and\n(b) it means the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness in relation to a notice of violation issued in respect of the contravention of program legislation referred to in subsection 11(5) of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act; (ministre)\npenalty means an administrative monetary penalty imposed under this Act for a violation; (sanction)\nprescribed means prescribed by regulation; (Version anglaise seulement)\nTribunal means the Review Tribunal continued by subsection 27(1); (Commission)",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 2; 1997, c. 21, s. 30; 2002, c. 28, s. 82; 2005, c. 38, ss. 30, 145; 2012, c. 24, s. 98; 2015, c. 2, s. 113",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s3",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "3",
+    "marginal_note": "Purpose of Act",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Purpose of Act",
+    "text": "3 The purpose of this Act is to establish, as an alternative to the existing penal system and as a supplement to existing enforcement measures, a fair and efficient administrative monetary penalty system for the enforcement of the agri-food Acts.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s4",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "4",
+    "marginal_note": "Regulations",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Minister",
+    "text": "4\n(1) The Minister may make regulations\n(a) designating as a violation that may be proceeded with in accordance with this Act\n(i) the contravention of any specified provision of an agri-food Act or of a regulation made under an agri-food Act,\n(ii) the contravention of any specified order, or class of orders, made by the Minister under the Plant Protection Act, or\n(iii) the refusal or neglect to perform any specified duty, or class of duties, imposed by or under the Plant Protection Act, the Health of Animals Act, the Pest Control Products Act or the Safe Food for Canadians Act;\nif the contravention, or the failure or neglect to perform the duty, as the case may be, is an offence under an agri-food Act;\n(b) classifying each violation as a minor violation, a serious violation or a very serious violation;\n(b.1) establishing, in respect of each violation, a short-form description to be used in notices of violation;\n(c) fixing a penalty, or a range of penalties, in respect of each violation;\n(d) respecting the circumstances under which, the criteria by which and the manner in which a penalty may be increased or reduced, including the reduction of a penalty pursuant to a compliance agreement under subsection 10(1);\n(e) respecting the determination of a lesser amount that may be paid in complete satisfaction of a penalty if paid within the prescribed time and manner;\n(f) respecting the circumstances under which reviews under this Act by the Tribunal shall be oral or in writing;\n(g) respecting the service of documents required or authorized to be served under this Act including, without restricting the generality of the foregoing, the manner of serving such documents, the proof of their service and the circumstances under which such documents shall be deemed to have been served;\n(h) prescribing anything that by this Act is to be prescribed; and\n(i) generally, for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act.\n(2) [Maximum penalties] The maximum penalty for a violation is\n(a) in the case of a violation that is committed by an individual otherwise than in the course of a business and that is not committed to obtain a financial benefit, $2,000; and\n(b) in any other case, $5,000 for a minor violation, $15,000 for a serious violation and $25,000 for a very serious violation.\n(3) [Criteria] Without restricting the generality of paragraph (1)(d), in making regulations respecting the criteria for increasing or reducing the amount of the penalty for a violation, the Minister shall include the following in any such criteria:\n(a) the degree of intention or negligence on the part of the person who committed the violation;\n(b) the harm done by the violation; and\n(c) the history of the person who committed the violation of prior violations or convictions under agri-food Acts within the five year period immediately before the violation.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 4; 2012, c. 24, s. 99; 2015, c. 2, s. 114; 2016, c. 9, ss. 70, 72",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 4",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-4.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s5",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "5",
+    "marginal_note": "How act or omission may be proceeded with",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Minister",
+    "text": "5 Where any act or omission can be proceeded with as a violation or as an offence, the Minister may commence proceedings in respect of that act or omission as a violation or recommend that it be proceeded with as an offence, but proceeding with it as a violation precludes proceeding with it as an offence, and proceeding with it as an offence precludes proceeding with it as a violation.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 5",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-5.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s6",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "6",
+    "marginal_note": "Power of Minister — notices of violation",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Minister",
+    "text": "6 The Minister may designate persons, or classes of persons, who are authorized to issue notices of violation.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 6; 2015, c. 2, s. 115",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 6",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-6.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s7",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "7",
+    "marginal_note": "Commission of violation",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Proceedings",
+    "text": "7\n(1) Every person who\n(a) contravenes any provision of an agri-food Act or of a regulation made under an agri-food Act,\n(b) contravenes any order made by the Minister under the Plant Protection Act, or\n(c) refuses or neglects to perform any duty imposed by or under the Plant Protection Act, the Health of Animals Act, the Pest Control Products Act or the Safe Food for Canadians Act\nthe contravention of which, or the refusal or neglect of which, is designated to be a violation by a regulation made under paragraph 4(1)(a) commits a violation and is liable to a warning or to a penalty in accordance with this Act.\n(2) [Issuance of notice of violation] If a person designated under section 6 has reasonable grounds to believe that a person has committed a violation, the designated person may issue, and shall cause to be served on the person, a notice of violation that names the person, identifies the violation and\n(a) contains a warning that the person has committed a violation; or\n(b) sets out\n(i) the penalty, established in accordance with the regulations, for the violation that the person is liable to pay,\n(ii) particulars concerning the time for paying and the manner of paying the penalty, and\n(iii) subject to the regulations, a lesser amount that may be paid in complete satisfaction of the penalty if paid within the time and manner specified in the notice.\n(3) [Summary of rights] A notice of violation must clearly summarize, in plain language, the rights and obligations under this Act of the person on whom it is served, including the right to have the facts of the violation reviewed by the Minister or the Tribunal, and the procedure for requesting such a review.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 7; 2012, c. 24, s. 100(E); 2015, c. 2, s. 116(E); 2016, c. 9, ss. 71(E), 72(E)",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 7",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-7.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s8",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "8",
+    "marginal_note": "Notices with warning — request for review",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Notices of Violation with Warning",
+    "text": "8\n(1) Where a notice of violation contains a warning, the person named in the notice may, in the prescribed time and manner, request a review of the facts of the violation by the Minister or the Tribunal.\n(2) [Deeming] Where a person who is served with a notice of violation that contains a warning does not request a review under subsection (1) in the prescribed time and manner, the person is deemed to have committed the violation identified in the notice of violation.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 8",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-8.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s9",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "9",
+    "marginal_note": "Notices with penalty — payment",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Notices of Violation with Penalty",
+    "text": "9\n(1) Where a notice of violation sets out a penalty and the person named in the notice pays, in the prescribed time and manner, the amount of the penalty or, subject to the regulations, the lesser amount set out in the notice that may be paid in lieu of the penalty,\n(a) the person is deemed to have committed the violation in respect of which the amount is paid;\n(b) the Minister shall accept that amount as and in complete satisfaction of the penalty; and\n(c) the proceedings commenced in respect of the violation under section 7 are ended.\n(2) [Alternatives to payment] Instead of paying the penalty set out in a notice of violation or, where applicable, the lesser amount that may be paid in lieu of the penalty, the person named in the notice may, in the prescribed time and manner,\n(a) if the penalty is $2,000 or more, request to enter into a compliance agreement with the Minister that ensures the person’s compliance with the agri-food Act or regulation to which the violation relates;\n(b) request a review by the Minister of the facts of the violation; or\n(c) request a review by the Tribunal of the facts of the violation.\n(3) [Deeming] Where a person who is served with a notice of violation that sets out a penalty does not pay the penalty in the prescribed time and manner or, where applicable, the lesser amount that may be paid in lieu of the penalty, and does not exercise any right referred to in subsection (2) in the prescribed time and manner, the person is deemed to have committed the violation identified in the notice.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 9",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-9.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s10",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "10",
+    "marginal_note": "Compliance agreements",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Compliance Agreements",
+    "text": "10\n(1) After considering a request under paragraph 9(2)(a), the Minister may enter into a compliance agreement, as described in that paragraph, with the person making the request on such terms and conditions as are satisfactory to the Minister, which terms may\n(a) include a provision for the giving of reasonable security, in a form and in an amount satisfactory to the Minister, as a guarantee that the person will comply with the compliance agreement; and\n(b) provide for the reduction, in whole or in part, of the penalty for the violation.\n(2) [Deeming] A person who makes a request under paragraph 9(2)(a) and who enters into a compliance agreement with the Minister shall, on entering into the compliance agreement, be deemed to have committed the violation in respect of which the compliance agreement was entered into.\n(3) [Where compliance agreement complied with] Where the Minister is satisfied that a person who has entered into a compliance agreement has complied with the agreement, the Minister shall cause a notice to that effect to be served on the person and, on the service of that notice,\n(a) the proceedings commenced in respect of the violation under section 7 are ended; and\n(b) any security given under the compliance agreement by the person shall be returned to the person.\n(4) [Where compliance agreement not complied with] Where the Minister is of the opinion that a person who has entered into a compliance agreement has not complied with the agreement, the Minister shall cause a notice of default to be served on the person to the effect that\n(a) instead of the penalty set out in the notice of violation in respect of which the compliance agreement was entered into, the person is liable to pay twice the amount of that penalty and, for greater certainty, subsection 4(2) does not apply in respect of that amount; or\n(b) the security, if any, given under the compliance agreement by the person shall be forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada.\n(5) [Effect of notice of default] On the service of a notice under subsection (4), the person served has no right of set-off against any amount spent by the person under the compliance agreement and\n(a) the person served is liable to pay the amount set out in the notice; or\n(b) where the notice of default provides for the forfeiture of the security given under the compliance agreement, that security is forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada and the proceedings commenced in respect of the violation under section 7 are ended.\n(6) [Effect of payment] Where a person pays the amount set out in a notice of default under subsection (4) in the prescribed time and manner,\n(a) the Minister shall accept the amount as and in complete satisfaction of the amount owing; and\n(b) the proceedings commenced in respect of the violation under section 7 are ended.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 10",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-10.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s11",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "11",
+    "marginal_note": "Refusal to enter into compliance agreement",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Compliance Agreements",
+    "text": "11\n(1) Where the Minister refuses to enter into a compliance agreement pursuant to a request under paragraph 9(2)(a), the person who made the request may, in the prescribed time and manner,\n(a) pay the amount of the penalty; or\n(b) request a review by the Tribunal of the facts of the violation.\n(2) [Effect of payment] Where a person pays the amount referred to in paragraph (1)(a),\n(a) the person is deemed to have committed the violation in respect of which the payment is made;\n(b) the Minister shall accept the amount as and in complete satisfaction of the penalty; and\n(c) the proceedings commenced in respect of the violation under section 7 are ended.\n(3) [Deeming] If a person does not, in the prescribed time and manner, either pay the amount referred to in paragraph (1)(a) or request a review under paragraph (1)(b), the person is deemed to have committed the violation identified in the notice of violation.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 11; 2015, c. 2, s. 117(E)",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 11",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-11.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s12",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "12",
+    "marginal_note": "Review under section 8",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Review by Minister",
+    "text": "12\n(1) After concluding a review requested under section 8, the Minister shall determine whether or not the person committed the violation, and the Minister shall cause a notice of any decision under this subsection to be served on the person who requested the review.\n(2) [Right to review] Where the Minister decides under subsection (1) that a person has committed a violation, the person may, in the prescribed time and manner, request a review of the Minister’s decision by the Tribunal.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 12",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-12.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s13",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "13",
+    "marginal_note": "Review under paragraph 9(2)(b)",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Review by Minister",
+    "text": "13\n(1) After concluding a review requested under paragraph 9(2)(b), the Minister shall determine whether or not the person requesting the review committed a violation and, where the Minister decides that the person committed a violation but considers that the amount of the penalty for the violation was not established in accordance with the regulations, the Minister shall correct the amount of the penalty for the violation, and the Minister shall cause a notice of any decision under this subsection to be served on the person who requested the review.\n(2) [Payment or right to review] Where the Minister decides under subsection (1) that a person has committed a violation, the person may, in the prescribed time and manner,\n(a) pay the amount of the penalty set out in the notice referred to in subsection (1), in which case\n(i) the Minister shall accept the amount as and in complete satisfaction of the penalty, and\n(ii) the proceedings commenced in respect of the violation under section 7 are ended; or\n(b) request a review of the Minister’s decision by the Tribunal.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 13",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-13.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s14",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "14",
+    "marginal_note": "Review by Tribunal",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Review by Tribunal",
+    "text": "14\n(1) After concluding a review requested under this Act, the Tribunal shall, by order, as the case may be,\n(a) confirm, vary or set aside any decision of the Minister under section 12 or 13, or\n(b) determine whether or not the person requesting the review committed a violation and, where the Tribunal decides that the person committed a violation but considers that the amount of the penalty for the violation, if any, was not established in accordance with the regulations, the Tribunal shall correct the amount of the penalty,\nand the Tribunal shall cause a notice of any order made under this subsection to be served on the person who requested the review, and on the Minister.\n(2) [Payment] Where the Tribunal decides under subsection (1) that a person has committed a violation, the person is liable for the amount of the penalty as set out in the order of the Tribunal and, on the payment of that amount in the time and manner specified in the order,\n(a) the Minister shall accept the amount as and in complete satisfaction of the penalty; and\n(b) the proceedings commenced in respect of the violation under section 7 are ended.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 14",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-14.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s15",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "15",
+    "marginal_note": "Debts to Her Majesty",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Enforcement",
+    "text": "15\n(1) The following amounts constitute debts due to Her Majesty in right of Canada that may be recovered as such in the Federal Court:\n(a) the amount of a penalty, from the time the notice of violation setting out the penalty is served;\n(b) every amount undertaken to be paid pursuant to a compliance agreement entered into with the Minister under subsection 10(1), from the time the compliance agreement is entered into;\n(c) the amount set out in a notice of default referred to in subsection 10(4), from the time the notice is served;\n(d) the amount of a penalty as set out in a decision of the Minister under subsection 13(1), from the time the notice under that subsection is served;\n(e) the amount of a penalty as set out in an order of the Tribunal under subsection 14(1), from the expiration of the time specified in the order for the payment of that amount; and\n(f) the amount of any reasonable expenses incurred pursuant to section 22, from the date they are incurred.\n(2) [Time limit] No proceedings to recover a debt referred to in subsection (1) may be commenced later than five years after the debt became payable.\n(3) [Debt final] A debt referred to in subsection (1) is final and not subject to review or to be restrained, prohibited, removed, set aside or otherwise dealt with except to the extent and in the manner provided by sections 9 to 14.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 15; 2012, c. 24, s. 101; 2015, c. 2, s. 118(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 15",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-15.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s16",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "16",
+    "marginal_note": "Certificate of default",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Enforcement",
+    "text": "16\n(1) Any debt referred to in subsection 15(1) in respect of which there is a default of payment, or the part of any such debt that has not been paid, may be certified by the Minister.\n(2) [Judgments] On production to the Federal Court, a certificate made under subsection (1) shall be registered in that Court and, when registered, has the same force and effect, and all proceedings may be taken on the certificate, as if it were a judgment obtained in that Court for a debt of the amount specified in the certificate and all reasonable costs and charges attendant in the registration of the certificate.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 16",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-16.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s17",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "17",
+    "marginal_note": "Violations not offences",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Rules of Law About Violations",
+    "text": "17 For greater certainty, a violation is not an offence and, accordingly, section 126 of the Criminal Code does not apply.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 17",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-17.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s18",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "18",
+    "marginal_note": "Certain defences not available",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Rules of Law About Violations",
+    "text": "18\n(1) A person named in a notice of violation does not have a defence by reason that the person\n(a) exercised due diligence to prevent the violation; or\n(b) reasonably and honestly believed in the existence of facts that, if true, would exonerate the person.\n(2) [Common law principles] Every rule and principle of the common law that renders any circumstance a justification or excuse in relation to a charge for an offence under an agri-food Act applies in respect of a violation to the extent that it is not inconsistent with this Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 18",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-18.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s19",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "19",
+    "marginal_note": "Burden of proof",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Rules of Law About Violations",
+    "text": "19 In every case where the facts of a violation are reviewed by the Minister or by the Tribunal, the Minister must establish, on a balance of probabilities, that the person named in the notice of violation committed the violation identified in the notice.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 19",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-19.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s20",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "20",
+    "marginal_note": "Vicarious liability — licence holders, etc.",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Rules of Law About Violations",
+    "text": "20\n(1) The holder of a licence, certificate, letter of accreditation, permit, notice or other document issued under an agri-food Act is liable for a violation that is committed in respect of any matter relating to any activity or requirement under that document, whether or not the person who actually committed the violation is identified or proceeded against in accordance with this Act.\n(2) [Vicarious liability — acts of employees and agents] A person is liable for a violation that is committed by any employee or agent of the person acting in the course of the employee’s employment or the scope of the agent’s authority, whether or not the employee or agent who actually committed the violation is identified or proceeded against in accordance with this Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 20",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-20.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s21",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "21",
+    "marginal_note": "Continuing violation",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Rules of Law About Violations",
+    "text": "21 A violation that is continued on more than one day constitutes a separate violation in respect of each day during which it is continued.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 21",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-21.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s22",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "22",
+    "marginal_note": "Forfeiture",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Rules of Law About Violations",
+    "text": "22 Where\n(a) a person is deemed by this Act to have committed a violation, or\n(b) the Minister, pursuant to a review under this Act, has decided that a person has committed a violation and no request to review the Minister’s decision has been made to the Tribunal in the prescribed time and manner,\nanything seized and detained under an agri-food Act in relation to the violation is, at the election of Her Majesty in right of Canada, immediately forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada and may be disposed of, at the expense of the person from whom it was seized, in accordance with the regulations made under the applicable agri-food Act unless the Minister directs otherwise.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 22",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-22.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s23",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "23",
+    "marginal_note": "Notations removed",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Provisions",
+    "text": "23\n(1) Any notation of a violation shall, on application by the person who committed the violation, be removed from any records that may be kept by the Minister respecting that person after the expiration of five years from\n(a) where the notice of violation contained a warning, the date the notice was served, or\n(b) in any other case, the payment of any debt referred to in subsection 15(1),\nunless the removal from the record would not in the opinion of the Minister be in the public interest or another notation of a violation has been recorded by the Minister in respect of that person after that date and has not been removed in accordance with this subsection.\n(2) [Duty to notify] The Minister shall cause a notice of removal to be served on the person in respect of whom a notation is removed pursuant to subsection (1).",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 23",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-23.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s24",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "24",
+    "marginal_note": "Service of documents",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Provisions",
+    "text": "24 Every document required or authorized to be served under this Act shall be served in accordance with the regulations, either personally or in such other manner as may be authorized in the regulations.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 24",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-24.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s25",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "25",
+    "marginal_note": "Evidence",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Provisions",
+    "text": "25 In any proceeding for a violation or for a prosecution for an offence, a notice of violation purporting to be issued pursuant to this Act is admissible in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed the notice of violation.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 25",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-25.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s26",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "26",
+    "marginal_note": "Limitation period",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Provisions",
+    "text": "26 No proceedings in respect of a violation may be commenced later than\n(a) six months after the day on which the subject matter of the proceedings arises, in the case of a minor violation; or\n(b) two years after the day on which the subject matter of the proceedings arises, in the case of a serious violation or a very serious violation.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 26; 2015, c. 2, s. 119",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 26",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-26.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s27",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "27",
+    "marginal_note": "Review Tribunal continued",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Composition",
+    "text": "27\n(1) The Review Tribunal, continued by subsection 4.1(1) of the Canada Agricultural Products Act, chapter 20 of the 4th Supplement to the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, is continued.\n(2) [Composition] The Tribunal consists of members to be appointed by the Governor in Council, one of whom is to be appointed as Chairperson.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 27; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 27",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-27.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s28",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "28",
+    "marginal_note": "Qualifications",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Composition",
+    "text": "28 A person is not eligible to be appointed as a member unless the person is knowledgeable about or has experience related to agriculture or agri-food and the Chairperson and at least one other member must, in addition, be a lawyer of at least ten years’ standing at the bar of any province or a notary of at least ten years’ standing at the Chambre des notaires du Québec.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 28; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 28",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-28.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s29",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "29",
+    "marginal_note": "Membership",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Composition",
+    "text": "29 The Chairperson is to be appointed as a full-time member and the other members are to be appointed as either full-time members or part-time members.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 29; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 29",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-29.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s30",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "30",
+    "marginal_note": "Tenure",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Composition",
+    "text": "30\n(1) Each member is to be appointed for a term of not more than five years and holds office during good behaviour, but may be removed by the Governor in Council for cause.\n(2) [Re-appointment] Each member may be re-appointed as a member in the same or another capacity.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 30; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 30",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-30.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s31",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "31",
+    "marginal_note": "No other federal public administration",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Composition",
+    "text": "31 A member must not hold any other office in the federal public administration.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 31; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 31",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-31.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s32",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "32",
+    "marginal_note": "Conflict of interest",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Composition",
+    "text": "32 A member must not accept or hold any office or employment that is inconsistent with the member’s duties or take part in any matter before the Tribunal in which the member has an interest.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 32; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 32",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-32.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s33",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "33",
+    "marginal_note": "Duties of Chairperson",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Chairperson",
+    "text": "33\n(1) The Chairperson apportions work among the Tribunal’s members.\n(2) [Absence or incapacity of Chairperson] If the Chairperson is absent or unable to act or the Chairperson’s position becomes vacant, the members must designate a member with the legal qualifications described in section 28 to act as Chairperson pending the appointment of a replacement, but no person may so act for a period exceeding 60 days without the approval of the Governor in Council.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 33; 2012, c. 24, s. 102; 2014, c. 20, s. 480",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 33",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-33.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s34",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "34",
+    "marginal_note": "Remuneration",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Remuneration and Expenses",
+    "text": "34\n(1) Each full-time member is to be paid the salary that is fixed by the Governor in Council and each part-time member is entitled to be paid the fees or other remuneration that is fixed by the Governor in Council.\n(2) [Travel and living expenses] Members are entitled to be paid, in accordance with Treasury Board directives, reasonable travel and living expenses incurred in the performance of their duties and functions while absent from their ordinary place of work, in the case of full-time members, or from their ordinary place of residence, in the case of part-time members.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 34; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 34",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-34.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s35",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "35",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Remuneration and Expenses",
+    "text": "35 [Repealed, 2014, c. 20, s. 480]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 35",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-35.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s36",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "36",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Remuneration and Expenses",
+    "text": "36 [Repealed, 2014, c. 20, s. 480]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 36",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-36.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s37",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "37",
+    "marginal_note": "Head office",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Head Office",
+    "text": "37\n(1) The head office of the Tribunal is to be in the National Capital Region as defined in section 2 of the National Capital Act.\n(2) [Sittings] The Tribunal is to sit at the places in Canada that may be specified by the Governor in Council.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 37; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 37",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-37.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s38",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "38",
+    "marginal_note": "Tribunal",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Jurisdiction",
+    "text": "38\n(1) The Tribunal has sole and exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine all questions of fact or law in relation to any matter over which it is given jurisdiction under this Act or any other Act of Parliament.\n(2) [Review by Federal Court] An order of the Tribunal may only be reviewed under the Federal Courts Act.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 38; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 38",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-38.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s39",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "39",
+    "marginal_note": "Chairperson",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Jurisdiction",
+    "text": "39\n(1) The jurisdiction of the Tribunal in relation to the following matters is to be exercised by the Chairperson:\n(a) requests under subsection 8(1) or 12(2) for a review in respect of a notice of violation that contains a warning; and\n(b) requests under paragraph 9(2)(c) or 13(2)(b) for a review in respect of a notice of violation that sets out a penalty of less than $2,000.\n(2) [Other legally qualified members] The jurisdiction of the Tribunal in relation to a matter referred to in subsection (1) may be exercised, if the Chairperson so directs, by any member of the Tribunal with the legal qualifications described in section 28.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 39; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 39",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-39.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s40",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "40",
+    "marginal_note": "Reviews",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Jurisdiction",
+    "text": "40 Reviews by the Tribunal are to be heard by a single member.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 40; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 40",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-40.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s41",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "41",
+    "marginal_note": "Court of record",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers",
+    "text": "41\n(1) The Tribunal is a court of record with an official seal that must be judicially noticed.\n(2) [Examination of witnesses, etc.] In addition to the powers conferred by subsection (1), the Tribunal has, with respect to the appearance, swearing and examination of witnesses, the production and inspection of documents and other things, the enforcement of its orders and other matters necessary or proper for the due exercise of its jurisdiction, all the powers, rights and privileges that are vested in a superior court of record and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it may\n(a) issue a summons requiring a person\n(i) to appear at the time and place stated in the summons to testify to all matters within the person’s knowledge relative to any subject matter before the Tribunal, and\n(ii) to bring and produce any document, book or paper in the person’s possession or under the person’s control relative to that subject matter;\n(b) administer oaths and examine any person on oath; and\n(c) during a hearing, receive any evidence that it considers relevant and trustworthy.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 41; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 41",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-41.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s42",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "42",
+    "marginal_note": "Rules",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Rules",
+    "text": "42 The Tribunal may, with the approval of the Governor in Council, make rules governing\n(a) the practice and procedure in respect of hearings;\n(b) the time and manner in which applications and notices must be made or given; and\n(c) the work of the Tribunal under this or any other Act of Parliament.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 42; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 42",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-42.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s43",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "43",
+    "marginal_note": "Consultations",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "43 The members of the Tribunal may consult with other members of the Tribunal in respect of any matter before it.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 43; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 43",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-43.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s44",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "44",
+    "marginal_note": "Rules of evidence",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "44 The Tribunal is not bound by any legal or technical rules of evidence in conducting any matter that comes before it. It must deal with matters that come before it as informally and expeditiously as the circumstances and considerations of fairness and natural justice permit.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 44; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 44",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-44.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s45",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "45",
+    "marginal_note": "Privileged evidence not receivable",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "45 The Tribunal is not entitled to receive or accept as evidence anything that would be inadmissible in a court by reason of any privilege under the law of evidence.",
+    "history": "1995, c. 40, s. 45; 2012, c. 24, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 45",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-45.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s46 to 89",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "46 to 89",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "46 to 89 [Repealed, 2012, c. 24, s. 102]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 46 to 89",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-46 to 89.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "A-8.8-s90",
+    "act_code": "A-8.8",
+    "act_short": "AAAMPA",
+    "act_name": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act",
+    "section": "90",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "90 [Repealed, 2012, c. 24, s. 102]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-03-22",
+    "citation": "AAAMPA, s. 90",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-8.8/section-90.html"
+  }
+]

data/processed/P-14.8.json

@@ -0,0 +1,1192 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s1",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "1",
+    "marginal_note": "Short title",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Short Title",
+    "text": "1 This Act may be cited as the Plant Protection Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s2",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "2",
+    "marginal_note": "Purpose of the Act",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Purpose",
+    "text": "2 The purpose of this Act is to protect plant life and the agricultural and forestry sectors of the Canadian economy by preventing the importation, exportation and spread of pests and by controlling or eradicating pests in Canada.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s3",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "3",
+    "marginal_note": "Definitions",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Interpretation",
+    "text": "3 In this Act,\nAssessor means the Assessor or any Deputy Assessor appointed under Part II of the Pesticide Residue Compensation Act; (évaluateur)\nconveyance means any aircraft, carriage, motor vehicle, trailer, railway car, vessel, cargo container or other contrivance used to move persons or things; (véhicule)\ndispose includes destroy; (Version anglaise seulement)\ndocument means anything on which information that is capable of being understood by a person, or read by a computer or other device, is recorded or marked; (document)\ninspector means a person designated as an inspector pursuant to section 21; (inspecteur)\njustice means a justice as defined in section 2 of the Criminal Code; (juge de paix)\nMinister means the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food; (ministre)\npeace officer means a peace officer as defined in section 2 of the Criminal Code; (agent de la paix)\npenalty means an administrative monetary penalty imposed under the Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act for a violation; (sanction)\npest means any thing that is injurious or potentially injurious, whether directly or indirectly, to plants or to products or by-products of plants; (parasite)\nplace includes a conveyance; (lieu)\nplant includes a part of a plant; (végétal)\nprescribed means prescribed by regulation; (Version anglaise seulement)\nthing includes a plant and a pest; (choses)\nTribunal means the Review Tribunal continued by subsection 27(1) of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act; (Commission)\nviolation means any of the following that may be proceeded with in accordance with the Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act:\n(a) any contravention of any provision of this Act or of a regulation made under this Act,\n(b) any contravention of any order made by the Minister under this Act, and\n(c) any refusal or neglect to perform any duty imposed by or under this Act. (violation)",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 3; 1994, c. 38, s. 25; 1995, c. 40, s. 75; 1997, c. 6, s. 81; 2001, c. 4, s. 173(F); 2012, c. 24, s. 95; 2015, c. 2, s. 99",
+    "last_amended": "2019-01-15",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s4",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "4",
+    "marginal_note": "Binding on Her Majesty",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Her Majesty",
+    "text": "4 This Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 4",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-4.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s5",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "5",
+    "marginal_note": "Duty to notify Minister",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "5 Where a person becomes aware of the existence of a thing that the person suspects to be a pest in an area where the pest has not previously been known to exist, the person shall immediately notify the Minister of the suspected pest and provide the Minister with a specimen of it.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 5",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-5.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s6",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "6",
+    "marginal_note": "Prohibition",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "6\n(1) Except as permitted under this Act or the regulations, no person shall move, grow, raise, culture or produce any thing that there are reasonable grounds to believe is a pest, that is or could be infested with a pest or that constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(2) [Prohibition of movement] Where an inspector believes on reasonable grounds that a thing is a pest, is or could be infested with a pest or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, the inspector may prohibit the owner of the thing or the person having the possession, care or control of it from moving it without the written authorization of an inspector.\n(3) [Notice] A prohibition under subsection (2) shall be communicated by personal delivery of a notice to the owner or person having the possession, care or control, or by sending the notice to the owner or person.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 6; 2015, c. 3, s. 142(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-26",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 6",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-6.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s6.1",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "6.1",
+    "marginal_note": "Recall order — Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "6.1 No person shall sell a thing regulated under this Act that is the subject of a recall order referred to in subsection 19(1) of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 2, s. 100",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 6.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-6.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s7",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "7",
+    "marginal_note": "Prohibition",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Importation and Exportation",
+    "text": "7 No person shall import or admit into Canada or export from Canada any thing that is a pest, that is or could be infested with a pest or that constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, unless\n(a) the person has produced to an inspector all permits, certificates and other documentation required by the regulations;\n(b) the thing is or has been presented to an inspector — if required by the regulations or an inspector — in the manner and under the conditions specified by the inspector and at a place designated by the regulations or an inspector; and\n(c) the thing is imported or exported in accordance with any other requirements of the regulations.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 7; 2015, c. 2, s. 101",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 7",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-7.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s8",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "8",
+    "marginal_note": "Removal or destruction of unlawful imports",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Importation and Exportation",
+    "text": "8\n(1) An inspector who has reasonable grounds to believe that an imported thing has been imported in contravention of a provision of this Act or the regulations, is a pest, is or could be infested with a pest or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest or that a requirement imposed by or under the regulations in respect of an imported thing has not been met may, by notice, whether the thing is seized or not, order its owner or importer or the person having possession, care or control of it to remove it from Canada or, if removal is not possible, to destroy it.\n(2) [Notice] The notice must either be delivered personally to the owner or importer of the thing or to the person having possession, care or control of it or be sent by registered mail to the owner’s, importer’s or person’s address in Canada.\n(3) [Forfeiture] If the thing is not removed from Canada, or destroyed, within the period specified in the notice — or, if no period was specified, within 90 days after the day on which the notice was delivered or sent — it is, despite subsection 32(1), forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada and may be disposed of as the Minister may direct.\n(4) [Suspension of application of subsection (3)] An inspector may, for a period that he or she specifies, suspend the application of subsection (3) if he or she is satisfied that\n(a) harm to human, animal or plant health or the environment is unlikely to result;\n(b) the thing will not be sold within that period;\n(c) the measures that should have been taken for the thing not to have been imported in contravention of a provision of this Act or the regulations will be taken within that period; and\n(d) if the thing does not meet the requirements of the regulations, it will be brought into compliance with the regulations within that period.\n(5) [Cancellation] An inspector may cancel the notice if he or she is satisfied that\n(a) harm to human, animal or plant health or the environment is unlikely to result;\n(b) the thing has not been sold within the period referred to in subsection (6);\n(c) the measures referred to in paragraph (4)(c) were taken within that period; and\n(d) if the thing did not meet the requirements of the regulations when it was imported, it was brought into compliance with the regulations within that period.\n(6) [Period] The period for the purposes of subsection (5) is\n(a) if the application of subsection (3) was suspended under subsection (4), the period of the suspension; and\n(b) if the application of subsection (3) was not suspended, the period specified in the notice or, if no period was specified, the period that ends 90 days after the day on which the notice was delivered or sent.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 8; 2015, c. 2, s. 101",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 8",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-8.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s9",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "9",
+    "marginal_note": "Prohibition of possession or disposition",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Importation and Exportation",
+    "text": "9\n(1) No person shall possess or dispose of a thing that the person knows was imported in contravention of this Act or the regulations.\n(2) [Presumption] In any prosecution for an offence under subsection (1), an accused who is found to have been in possession of a thing that was imported in contravention of this Act or the regulations shall be considered, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to have known that the thing was so imported.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 9",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-9.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s10",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "10",
+    "marginal_note": "Assistance in controlling or eradicating pests outside Canada",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "International Assistance",
+    "text": "10 The Minister may provide financial or technical assistance to any person or government outside Canada in controlling or eradicating a pest that affects or could affect plants, or products or by-products of plants, in Canada.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 10",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-10.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s11",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "11",
+    "marginal_note": "Declaration of infested place",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Infested Places",
+    "text": "11\n(1) Where an inspector suspects or determines that a place is infested with a pest and is of the opinion that the pest could spread, the inspector may in writing declare that the place is infested.\n(2) [Delivery of declaration] When the declaration is delivered to the occupier or owner of the place to which it relates, the place, together with all contiguous lands, buildings and other places occupied or owned by the occupier or owner, constitutes an infested place until the Minister determines otherwise.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 11",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-11.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s12",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "12",
+    "marginal_note": "Further declaration",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Infested Places",
+    "text": "12\n(1) Where an inspector declares under section 11 that a place is infested and is of the opinion that the pest could spread to any other land, building or place, the inspector may in writing declare that the other land, building or place is infested.\n(2) [Delivery of declaration] When a declaration is delivered to the occupier or owner of any land, building or place mentioned in subsection (1), the land, building or place, together with all contiguous lands, buildings and places occupied or owned by the same occupier or owner, constitutes part of the infested place.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 12",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-12.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s13",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "13",
+    "marginal_note": "Interim powers of inspector",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Infested Places",
+    "text": "13\n(1) Where an inspector is of the opinion that immediate action is required to control a pest, the inspector may, in a declaration under section 11 or 12, and for a period of not more than ninety days, prohibit or restrict the movement of persons and things within, into or out of the infested place for the purpose of controlling the pest.\n(2) [Cessation of prohibition or restriction] A prohibition or restriction contained in a declaration under section 11 or 12 ceases to have effect where\n(a) the inspector rescinds the prohibition or restriction; or\n(b) the declaration is revoked by the Minister under subsection 15(2).",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 13",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-13.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s14",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "14",
+    "marginal_note": "Where occupier or owner not found",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Infested Places",
+    "text": "14 Where an inspector cannot, after the exercise of due diligence, find the occupier or owner of any land, building or other place, delivery of a declaration may be effected by posting it on the building or on any building or conspicuous object on the land or at the place.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 14",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-14.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s15",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "15",
+    "marginal_note": "Report to Minister",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Infested Places",
+    "text": "15\n(1) An inspector who declares that a place is infested shall, as soon as is practicable, send a report of the declaration to the Minister.\n(2) [Revocation of declaration] Where a place has been declared infested under section 11 or 12, the Minister may revoke the declaration and, on revocation, the place shall cease to be an infested place.\n(3) [Powers of Minister] The Minister may, by order,\n(a) declare any place to be infested that is not already the subject of a declaration under section 11 or 12;\n(b) determine and subsequently vary the area of any place that is declared infested;\n(c) extend the period of any prohibition or restriction declared by an inspector under subsection 13(1);\n(d) prohibit or restrict the movement of persons and things within, into or out of any place that is declared infested; and\n(e) permit any movement of persons and things within, into or out of a place that would otherwise be prohibited by this section or section 6.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 15",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-15.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s16",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "16",
+    "marginal_note": "Description of area of infested place",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Infested Places",
+    "text": "16 In a declaration under section 11 or 12 or subsection 15(3), the area of an infested place may be described by reference to a map or plan deposited and publicly available at a place specified in the declaration, or by reference to any farm, county, district, municipality, province or any part thereof.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 16",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-16.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s17",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "17",
+    "marginal_note": "Prohibition or restriction supersedes",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Infested Places",
+    "text": "17 A prohibition or restriction imposed by the Minister or an inspector supersedes any order of a local authority that is inconsistent with it.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 17",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-17.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s18",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "18",
+    "marginal_note": "Not a statutory instrument",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Infested Places",
+    "text": "18 A declaration under section 11 or 12, a revocation of a declaration under subsection 15(2) and an order under subsection 15(3) are not statutory instruments for the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act, but the Minister shall take such steps as may be practicable in the circumstances to bring any order under subsection 15(3) to the notice of persons likely to be affected by it.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 18",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-18.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s19",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "19",
+    "marginal_note": "Designation of facilities",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Facilities",
+    "text": "19 The Minister may designate areas, offices, laboratories or other facilities inside or outside Canada for a specified purpose or generally for the administration of this Act or the regulations and may at any time amend, cancel or reinstate any such designation.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 19",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-19.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s20",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "20",
+    "marginal_note": "Definition of international transportation undertaking",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Facilities",
+    "text": "20\n(1) For the purposes of this section, international transportation undertaking means\n(a) an undertaking that transports persons or things internationally;\n(b) an international road, railway, bridge or tunnel;\n(c) an airport that receives any aircraft operating on an international flight;\n(d) a port that receives any ship sailing on an international voyage; and\n(e) a warehouse or other facility that receives any international air, water, rail or road traffic.\n(2) [Required facilities] The owner or operator of an international transportation undertaking shall, where required in writing by the Minister, provide and maintain adequate areas, offices, laboratories and other facilities, including buildings, accommodation, equipment, furnishings and fixtures, for inspection or for any other purpose related to the administration of this Act or the regulations.\n(3) [Powers of Minister] The Minister may\n(a) cause to be made such improvements as the Minister considers desirable to any area, office, laboratory or other facility provided pursuant to subsection (2);\n(b) post, on or about the area, office, laboratory or other facility, any signs that the Minister considers appropriate for its operation or safe use or for the administration of this Act or the regulations; and\n(c) continue to use the area, office, laboratory or other facility for as long as the Minister requires it for the administration of this Act or the regulations.\n(4) [Construction or repairs] Where an area, office, laboratory or other facility that is provided by an owner or operator pursuant to subsection (2) is not adequate for the purposes mentioned in that subsection, the Minister may require the owner or operator to carry out any construction or repairs in order to render the area, office, laboratory or other facility adequate for those purposes, and if the owner or operator fails to do so, the Minister may cause the construction or repairs to be carried out and the owner or operator shall be liable for all reasonable costs incurred by the Minister and those costs may be recovered by Her Majesty in right of Canada.\n(5) [Notice] A requirement under subsection (4) shall be communicated by personal delivery of a notice to the owner or operator or by sending the notice to the owner or operator, and the notice may specify the period within which or the manner in which the construction or repairs are to be carried out.\n(6) [Arbitration] Subject to subsection (7) and any regulations made under subsection (8), a dispute over the adequacy of any area, office, laboratory or other facility may be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Act.\n(7) [Canada Labour Code] Any area, office, laboratory or other facility that fails to meet the applicable requirements of Part II of the Canada Labour Code shall be deemed to be not adequate for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2).\n(8) [Regulations] The Governor in Council may make regulations for determining the adequacy of any area, office, laboratory or other facility for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2).",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 20; 2015, c. 3, s. 143(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-26",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 20",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-20.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s21",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "21",
+    "marginal_note": "Designation of inspectors",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Inspectors",
+    "text": "21\n(1) The President of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency may designate inspectors under section 13 of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act for the purposes of this Act.\n(1.1) [Designation] The President of the Canada Border Services Agency may designate inspectors under paragraph 9(2)(b) of the Canada Border Services Agency Act for the purposes of enforcing this Act.\n(2) [Certificate to be produced] Inspectors shall be given certificates in a form established by the President of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency or the President of the Canada Border Services Agency, as the case may be, attesting to their designation and, on entering any place under this Act, an inspector shall show the certificate to the person in charge of the place if the person requests proof of the inspector’s designation.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 21; 1997, c. 6, s. 82; 2005, c. 38, s. 123",
+    "last_amended": "2005-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 21",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-21.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s22",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "22",
+    "marginal_note": "Inspectors may exercise Minister’s powers",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Inspectors",
+    "text": "22\n(1) An inspector may, subject to any restrictions or limitations specified by the Minister, exercise any of the powers and perform any of the duties or functions of the Minister under this Act, except the powers mentioned in subsection 15(3).\n(2) [Powers concerning movement and loading] For the purpose of determining whether a conveyance or other thing is free of any pest, an inspector may\n(a) permit or require the conveyance or other thing to be moved or prohibit its movement; or\n(b) prohibit or interrupt the loading, unloading or partial loading of the conveyance or other thing or permit or require the conveyance or other thing to be loaded, unloaded or partially loaded.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 22",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-22.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s23",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "23",
+    "marginal_note": "Impeding inspector",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Inspectors",
+    "text": "23\n(1) No person shall obstruct or hinder or make any false or misleading statement either orally or in writing to an inspector who is performing duties or functions under this Act or the regulations.\n(2) [Assistance to inspectors] The owner or the person in charge of a place entered by an inspector under section 25 and every person found in the place shall\n(a) give the inspector all reasonable assistance in the owner’s or person’s power to enable the inspector to perform duties and functions under this Act or the regulations; and\n(b) furnish the inspector with such information relevant to the administration of this Act or the regulations as the inspector may reasonably require.\n(3) [Assistance of peace officer] A peace officer shall provide such assistance as an inspector may request for the purpose of enforcing this Act or the regulations.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 23",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-23.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s23.1",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "23.1",
+    "marginal_note": "Provision of documents, information or samples",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Inspectors",
+    "text": "23.1\n(1) An inspector may, for the purpose of detecting pests or for a purpose related to verifying compliance or preventing non-compliance with this Act, order a person to provide, on the date, at the time and place and in the manner specified by the inspector, any document, information or sample specified by the inspector.\n(2) [Duty to provide document, information or sample] A person who is ordered by an inspector to provide a document, information or a sample has a duty to do so on the specified date, at the specified time and place and in the specified manner.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 2, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 23.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-23.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s24",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "24",
+    "marginal_note": "Broken seal",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Seals",
+    "text": "24\n(1) Where a seal or other identifying device authorized by the regulations has been affixed to a conveyance or other thing and the seal or device is broken, altered, tampered with or removed in contravention of the regulations, an inspector may require that the conveyance or other thing, or any thing contained in it, be stored, treated, placed in quarantine, disposed of or moved as the inspector may direct.\n(2) [Notice] A requirement under subsection (1) shall be communicated by personal delivery of a notice to the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the conveyance or other thing or by sending the notice to the owner or person, and the notice may specify the period within which or the manner in which the conveyance or other thing is to be stored, treated, quarantined, disposed of or moved.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 24; 2015, c. 3, s. 144(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-26",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 24",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-24.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s25",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "25",
+    "marginal_note": "Inspection",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Inspection",
+    "text": "25\n(1) For the purpose of detecting pests or for a purpose related to verifying compliance or preventing non-compliance with this Act, an inspector may\n(a) subject to section 26, at any reasonable time, enter and inspect any place, or stop any conveyance, in which the inspector believes on reasonable grounds there is any thing in respect of which this Act or the regulations apply;\n(b) open any receptacle, baggage, package, cage or other thing that the inspector believes on reasonable grounds contains any thing in respect of which this Act or the regulations apply;\n(c) examine any thing in respect of which this Act or the regulations apply and take samples of it;\n(d) require any person to produce for inspection or copying, in whole or in part, any record or other document that the inspector believes on reasonable grounds contains any information relevant to the administration of this Act or the regulations; and\n(e) conduct any tests or analyses or take any measurements.\n(2) [Operation of data processing and copying equipment] In carrying out an inspection at any place under this section, an inspector may\n(a) use or cause to be used any data processing system at the place to examine any data contained in or available to the system;\n(b) reproduce any document or cause it to be reproduced from the data in the form of a printout or other intelligible output and take the printout or other output for examination or copying; and\n(c) use or cause to be used any copying equipment at the place to make copies of any record or other document.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 25; 2015, c. 2, s. 103",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 25",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-25.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s26",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "26",
+    "marginal_note": "Warrant required to enter dwelling-place",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Inspection",
+    "text": "26\n(1) An inspector may not enter a dwelling-place except with the consent of the occupant of the dwelling-place or under the authority of a warrant.\n(2) [Authority to issue warrant] Where on ex parte application a justice is satisfied by information on oath that\n(a) the conditions for entry described in section 25 exist in relation to a dwelling-place,\n(b) entry to the dwelling-place is necessary for any purpose relating to the administration of this Act or the regulations, and\n(c) entry to the dwelling-place has been refused or there are reasonable grounds to believe that entry will be refused,\nthe justice may at any time sign and issue a warrant authorizing the inspector named in the warrant to enter the dwelling-place, subject to any conditions that may be specified in the warrant.\n(3) [Use of force] The inspector who executes a warrant shall not use force unless the inspector is accompanied by a peace officer and the use of force is specifically authorized in the warrant.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 26",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-26.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s27",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "27",
+    "marginal_note": "Seizure",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Inspection",
+    "text": "27 Where an inspector believes on reasonable grounds that a violation, or an offence under this Act, has been committed, the inspector may seize and detain any thing\n(a) by means of or in relation to which the inspector believes on reasonable grounds the violation or offence was committed; or\n(b) that the inspector believes on reasonable grounds will afford evidence in respect of the commission of a violation, or an offence under this Act.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 27; 1995, c. 40, s. 76",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 27",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-27.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s28",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "28",
+    "marginal_note": "Warrant",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Search",
+    "text": "28\n(1) Where on ex parte application a justice is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that there is in any place any thing\n(a) by means of or in relation to which a violation, or an offence under this Act, has been committed or is suspected of having been committed, or\n(b) that there are reasonable grounds to believe will afford evidence in respect of the commission of a violation or an offence under this Act,\nthe justice may at any time sign and issue a warrant authorizing the inspector named in the warrant to enter and search the place for the thing and, subject to any conditions that may be specified in the warrant, to seize and detain it.\n(2) [Search and seizure powers] The inspector who executes a warrant may exercise the powers described in section 25 and may seize and detain, in addition to any thing mentioned in the warrant, any other thing\n(a) by means of or in relation to which the inspector believes on reasonable grounds a violation, or an offence under this Act, has been committed; or\n(b) that the inspector believes on reasonable grounds will afford evidence in respect of the commission of a violation, or an offence under this Act.\n(3) [Execution of search warrant] A warrant shall be executed by day unless the justice authorizes its execution by night.\n(4) [Where warrant not necessary] An inspector may exercise any of the powers referred to in subsections (1) and (2) without a warrant if the conditions for obtaining a warrant exist but, by reason of exigent circumstances, it would not be practical to obtain a warrant.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 28; 1995, c. 40, s. 77",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 28",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-28.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s29",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "29",
+    "marginal_note": "Notice of reason for seizure",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disposition of Seized Things",
+    "text": "29 An inspector who seizes and detains a thing under this Act shall, as soon as is practicable, advise the owner of the thing or the person having the possession, care or control of it at the time of its seizure of the reason for the seizure.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 29",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-29.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s30",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "30",
+    "marginal_note": "Storage, removal, etc.",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disposition of Seized Things",
+    "text": "30\n(1) An inspector who seizes and detains a thing under this Act, or any person designated by the inspector, may\n(a) store, treat, quarantine or dispose of the thing at the place where it was seized or move it to any other place for storage, treatment, quarantine or disposition; or\n(b) require its owner or the person having the possession, care or control of it at the time of its seizure to store, treat, quarantine or dispose of it or move it to any other place and store, treat, quarantine or dispose of it.\n(2) [Notice] A requirement under paragraph (1)(b) shall be communicated by personal delivery of a notice to the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing or by sending the notice to the owner or person, and the notice may specify the period within which or the manner in which the thing is to be moved, stored, treated, quarantined or disposed of.\n(3) [Proceeds] An inspector who seizes and detains a thing under this Act may dispose of it and any proceeds realized from its disposition shall be paid to the Receiver General.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 30; 2015, c. 3, s. 145(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-26",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 30",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-30.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s31",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "31",
+    "marginal_note": "Interference with seized things",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disposition of Seized Things",
+    "text": "31 Except as authorized in writing by an inspector, no person shall remove, alter or interfere in any way with a thing that is seized and detained under this Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 31",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-31.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s32",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "32",
+    "marginal_note": "Release of seized thing",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disposition of Seized Things",
+    "text": "32\n(1) If an inspector is satisfied that the provisions of this Act and the regulations that apply with respect to a thing seized under this Act have been complied with, the thing must be released.\n(2) [Application for return] If proceedings are instituted in relation to a thing seized under this Act and it has not been disposed of or forfeited under this Act, the owner of the thing or the person having the possession, care or control of it at the time of its seizure may apply for an order that it be returned. The application may be made, in the case of a violation, to the Tribunal or, in the case of an offence, to the court before which the proceedings are being held.\n(3) [Order] The Tribunal or court, as the case may be, may order that the thing be returned to the applicant, subject to such conditions as the Tribunal or court may impose to ensure that it is preserved for any purpose for which it may subsequently be required, where the Tribunal or court is satisfied that sufficient evidence exists or may reasonably be obtained without detaining the thing and that it is not a pest, is not infested with a pest and does not constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 32; 1995, c. 40, s. 78; 2015, c. 2, s. 104",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 32",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-32.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s33",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "33",
+    "marginal_note": "Forfeiture",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disposition of Seized Things",
+    "text": "33\n(1) Where the Tribunal decides that a person has committed a violation, or a person is convicted of an offence under this Act, the Tribunal or the convicting court, as the case may be, may, on its own motion or at the request of any party to the proceedings, in addition to any penalty or punishment imposed, order that any thing by means of or in relation to which the violation or offence was committed, or any proceeds realized from its disposition, be forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada.\n(2) [Forfeiture without conviction] Where the owner of a thing that is seized and detained under this Act consents to its forfeiture, it is thereupon forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada and shall be disposed of as the Minister may direct.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 33; 1995, c. 40, s. 79",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 33",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-33.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s34",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "34",
+    "marginal_note": "Disposal of forfeited things",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disposition of Seized Things",
+    "text": "34\n(1) If the Tribunal or the court, as the case may be, orders the forfeiture of a thing under subsection 33(1), the thing shall be disposed of as the Minister may direct.\n(2) [Return of seized things where no forfeiture ordered] Where the Tribunal or court, as the case may be, does not order the forfeiture of a thing, it or any proceeds realized from its disposition shall be returned to the owner of the thing or the person having the possession, care or control of it at the time of its seizure.\n(3) [Exception] Where the Tribunal decides that the owner of a thing or the person having the possession, care or control of it at the time of its seizure has committed a violation, or the owner of a thing or the person having the possession, care or control of it at the time of its seizure is convicted of an offence under this Act, and a penalty or fine, as the case may be, is imposed,\n(a) the thing may be detained until the penalty or fine is paid;\n(b) the thing may be sold under execution in satisfaction of the penalty or fine; or\n(c) any proceeds realized from its disposition under paragraph (b) or subsection 30(3) may be applied in payment of the penalty or fine.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 34; 1995, c. 40, s. 80; 2015, c. 2, s. 105",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 34",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-34.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s35",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "35",
+    "marginal_note": "Confiscation",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Confiscation",
+    "text": "35\n(1) An inspector may confiscate and dispose of any thing that the inspector believes on reasonable grounds is a pest, is or could be infested with a pest or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(2) [Notice of reason for confiscation] An inspector who confiscates a thing shall, as soon as is practicable, advise the owner of the thing or the person having the possession, care or control of it at the time of its confiscation of the reason for the confiscation.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 35",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-35.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s36",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "36",
+    "marginal_note": "Storage and movement",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Confiscation",
+    "text": "36\n(1) A confiscated thing may be stored at the place where it was confiscated until it is disposed of, or may, at the inspector’s discretion, be moved to any other place for storage or disposition.\n(2) [Disposition] An inspector may take such action as the inspector considers appropriate in relation to a confiscated thing or may require the owner of a confiscated thing or the person having the possession, care or control of it at the time of its confiscation to take any action the inspector considers appropriate in relation to the confiscated thing.\n(3) [Notice] A requirement under subsection (2) shall be communicated by personal delivery of a notice to the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing or by sending the notice to the owner or person, and the notice may specify the period within which or the manner in which any action shall be taken by the owner or person.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 36; 2015, c. 3, s. 146(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-26",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 36",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-36.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s36.1",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "36.1",
+    "marginal_note": "Altering, destroying or falsifying required documents",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibitions Respecting Documents",
+    "text": "36.1\n(1) No person shall alter, destroy or falsify a document that they are required under this Act to keep, maintain or provide.\n(2) [Altering, possessing, etc., official documents] No person shall\n(a) alter a document issued or made — or in any manner given — under this Act;\n(b) have in their possession or use a document issued or made — or in any manner given — under this Act that has been altered; or\n(c) use any document issued or made — or in any manner given — under this Act for a purpose or in respect of a thing, other than the purpose or thing for which the document was issued, made or given.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 2, s. 106",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 36.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-36.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s36.2",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "36.2",
+    "marginal_note": "Possessing or using documents that resemble official documents",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibitions Respecting Documents",
+    "text": "36.2 No person shall have in their possession or use any document that has not been issued or made — or in any manner given — under this Act if it so closely resembles a document that has been so issued, made or given that it is likely to be mistaken for it.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 2, s. 106",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 36.2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-36.2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s36.3",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "36.3",
+    "marginal_note": "Altering, destroying or falsifying mark, label, tag or seal",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibitions Respecting Marking and Identification",
+    "text": "36.3\n(1) No person shall alter, destroy or falsify a mark, label, tag or seal required under this Act.\n(2) [Possessing or using mark, label, tag or seal] No person shall\n(a) have in their possession or use a mark, label, tag or seal required under this Act that has been altered or falsified; or\n(b) use a mark, label, tag or seal required under this Act for a purpose or in respect of a thing, other than a purpose or a thing provided for in the regulations.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 2, s. 106",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 36.3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-36.3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s36.4",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "36.4",
+    "marginal_note": "Possessing or using misleading mark, label, tag, seal or device",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibitions Respecting Marking and Identification",
+    "text": "36.4 No person shall have in their possession or use\n(a) any mark, label, tag or seal that so closely resembles one required under this Act that it is likely to be mistaken for it; or\n(b) any device that is designed or adapted to create a mark that so closely resembles a mark required under this Act that it is likely to be mistaken for it.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 2, s. 106",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 36.4",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-36.4.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s37",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "37",
+    "marginal_note": "Disposition of samples",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Samples",
+    "text": "37\n(1) A sample taken under this Act or the regulations may be disposed of in such manner as the Minister considers appropriate.\n(2) [Her Majesty not liable] Her Majesty is not liable for any costs, loss or damage resulting from the taking or disposition of a sample under this Act or the regulations.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 37",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-37.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s38",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "38",
+    "marginal_note": "Her Majesty not liable",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Limitation on Liability",
+    "text": "38 If a person must, under this Act, do anything or permit an inspector to do anything, Her Majesty in right of Canada is not liable\n(a) for any costs, loss or damage resulting from the compliance; or\n(b) to pay any fee, including any rent or charge, for what is done or permitted to be done.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 38; 2015, c. 2, s. 107",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 38",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-38.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s38.1",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "38.1",
+    "marginal_note": "No liability",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Limitation on Liability",
+    "text": "38.1 No person who exercises powers or performs duties or functions under this Act is liable in respect of anything done or omitted to be done in good faith in the exercise of those powers or the performance of those duties or functions.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 2, s. 107",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 38.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-38.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s39",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "39",
+    "marginal_note": "Compensation for treatment, etc.",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Compensation",
+    "text": "39\n(1) The Minister may, in accordance with the regulations, order compensation to be paid from the Consolidated Revenue Fund in respect of\n(a) any treatment of a place or any treatment, storage or disposition of a thing required under this Act or the regulations;\n(b) any prohibition or restriction on the use of a place or on the movement of persons or things within, into or out of a place imposed under this Act or the regulations; or\n(c) any prohibition or restriction on the use of a thing or on the sale or other disposition of a thing imposed under this Act or the regulations.\n(2) [Limitation] No compensation is payable under subsection (1) in respect of\n(a) a thing that is imported into Canada or exported from Canada in contravention of this Act or the regulations or a thing that is found to be a pest, to be infested with a pest or to constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest when it is inspected on importation or exportation; or\n(b) the prohibition or restriction of the sale or movement of a thing where the sale or movement is prohibited or restricted as a result of an amendment, suspension or revocation of, or a refusal to issue or renew, a permit, certificate or other document that is required under this Act or the regulations.\n(3) [Limitation] No compensation is payable to a person who commits a violation, or an offence under this Act, and claims compensation in respect of any place or thing by means of or in relation to which the violation or offence was committed.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 39; 1995, c. 40, s. 81; 1997, c. 6, s. 83",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 39",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-39.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s40",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "40",
+    "marginal_note": "Appeal",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Compensation",
+    "text": "40\n(1) A person who claims compensation and is dissatisfied with the Minister’s disposition of the claim may bring an appeal to the Assessor, but the only grounds of appeal are that the failure to award compensation was unreasonable or that the amount awarded was unreasonable.\n(2) [Time limit for bringing appeal] An appeal shall be brought within three months after the claimant receives notification of the Minister’s disposition of the claim, or within such longer period as the Assessor may in any case for special reasons allow.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 40",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-40.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s41",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "41",
+    "marginal_note": "Powers of Assessor",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Compensation",
+    "text": "41\n(1) On hearing an appeal, the Assessor may confirm or vary the Minister’s disposition of the claim or refer the matter back to the Minister for such further action as the Assessor may direct.\n(2) [Costs] Costs may be awarded to or against the Minister in an appeal.\n(3) [Decisions final] The decision of the Assessor on an appeal is final and conclusive and not subject to appeal to or review by any court.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 41",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-41.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s42",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "42",
+    "marginal_note": "Sittings and hearings",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Compensation",
+    "text": "42\n(1) The Assessor may sit and hear appeals at any place or places and shall arrange for sittings and hearings as may be required.\n(2) [Travel allowances] The Assessor is entitled to be paid such travel allowances as are payable for the attendances of a judge of the Federal Court under the Judges Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 42",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-42.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s43",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "43",
+    "marginal_note": "Procedure",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Compensation",
+    "text": "43\n(1) Subject to the approval of the Governor in Council, the Assessor may make rules respecting the conduct of appeals and the procedure for the bringing of appeals.\n(2) [Transitional] Subject to any rules made under subsection (1), all rules respecting the conduct of appeals and the procedure for bringing appeals to the Assessor made under section 18 of the Pesticide Residue Compensation Act that are in force at the time this section comes into force shall, to the extent that they are not inconsistent with sections 40 to 42, apply in respect of appeals brought under section 40.\n(3) [Registrar] The functions of the registrar of appeals and any other person necessary to carry out the purposes of sections 40 to 42 shall be carried out by the persons who carry out similar functions under Part II of the Pesticide Residue Compensation Act.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 43; 2001, c. 4, s. 173(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 43",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-43.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s44",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "44",
+    "marginal_note": "Fees, charges and costs for inspections, etc.",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Fees, Charges and Costs",
+    "text": "44\n(1) Her Majesty may recover from any person referred to in subsection (2) any prescribed fees or charges and any costs incurred by Her Majesty in relation to anything required or authorized under this Act or the regulations, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing,\n(a) the inspection, treatment, testing or analysis of a place or thing, or the quarantine, storage, removal, disposal or return of a thing, required or authorized under this Act or the regulations; and\n(b) the seizure, confiscation, forfeiture, detention or disposal of a thing under this Act or the regulations.\n(2) [Persons liable] The fees, charges and costs are recoverable jointly and severally from the owner or occupier of the place or owner of the thing and from the person having the possession, care or control of it immediately before its inspection, treatment, testing, analysis, quarantine, storage, removal, return or disposal or, in the case of a thing seized, confiscated, forfeited, detained or disposed of under this Act or the regulations, immediately before its seizure, confiscation, forfeiture, detention or disposal.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 44",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-44.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s45",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "45",
+    "marginal_note": "Fees, charges and costs for requested services, etc.",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Fees, Charges and Costs",
+    "text": "45 Her Majesty may recover from any person who requests a service or the issue, renewal or amendment of a permit, certificate or other document under this Act or the regulations any prescribed fee or charge and any costs incurred by Her Majesty in relation to rendering the service or issuing, renewing or amending the document.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 45",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-45.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s46",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "46",
+    "marginal_note": "Unpaid fees, charges or costs",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Fees, Charges and Costs",
+    "text": "46 Any fees, charges or costs that are recoverable by Her Majesty under this Act or the regulations may be recovered as a debt due to Her Majesty.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 46; 1993, c. 34, s. 102",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 46",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-46.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s47",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "47",
+    "marginal_note": "Regulations",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Regulations",
+    "text": "47\n(1) The Governor in Council may make regulations for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act and prescribing anything that is to be prescribed under this Act, including regulations\n(a) prohibiting or regulating the carrying out of any activity in respect of pests and of other things that are or could be infested with pests or that constitute or could constitute biological obstacles to the control of pests, including their importation and admission into Canada, their exportation from Canada and their movement within Canada;\n(a.1) for the purposes of paragraph 7(b),\n(i) respecting the circumstances in which a thing must be presented to an inspector, and\n(ii) imposing conditions on an inspector’s authority to require that a thing be presented;\n(b) governing the issue, renewal, amendment, suspension and revocation of permits, certificates or other documents on such terms and conditions as may be required for the purposes of this Act;\n(b.1) respecting authorizations provided for in section 47.2, including the conditions to which they may be subject and their amendment, suspension or revocation;\n(c) prohibiting or regulating the importation of food or garbage into Canada;\n(d) regulating any activity referred to in section 6;\n(e) designating places of entry where things may be presented for inspection and admittance into Canada;\n(f) governing investigations and surveys to detect pests and to identify areas of infestation;\n(g) respecting the declaration of things infested with pests and things free of infestation;\n(h) respecting the declaration under sections 11, 12 and 15 of places that are infested;\n(i) prohibiting or regulating the use of places that are, or are suspected of being, infested with pests and of things that are, or are suspected of being, pests or infested with pests or that constitute or could constitute biological obstacles to the control of pests;\n(j) governing the quarantine of things;\n(k) for the establishment of inspection and treatment centres and quarantine stations;\n(l) governing the disposition of things that are, or are suspected of being, pests or infested with pests or that constitute or could constitute biological obstacles to the control of pests;\n(m) respecting the detention or disposition of things seized, forfeited or confiscated under this Act;\n(n) governing the treatment or manner of treatment to be administered to places or things and requiring persons to administer or to arrange the administration of the treatment;\n(o) governing the removal from places where treatment is administered of persons or things that present obstacles to the treatment or that may be adversely affected by it;\n(p) requiring things to be marked or identified or to have affixed to them labels, tags, seals or other devices and prohibiting the removal, breaking, tampering with or altering of those marks, labels, tags, seals or other devices;\n(q) prescribing the terms and conditions on which compensation may be ordered under section 39 and the maximum levels of compensation;\n(r) requiring documents to be furnished by inspectors;\n(r.1) requiring persons to prepare, keep or maintain documents and to provide the Minister or an inspector with, or with access to, those documents, and respecting\n(i) the information in those documents,\n(ii) the manner in which they are to be prepared, kept or maintained,\n(iii) the place where they are to be kept or maintained, and\n(iv) the manner in which they are to be provided or access to them is to be provided;\n(r.2) requiring persons to take or keep samples of any thing and to provide the Minister or an inspector with, or with access to, those samples, and respecting the manner in which those samples are to be taken or kept and the manner in which they are to be provided or access to them is to be provided;\n(s) prescribing any fees or charges, or the manner of calculating any fees or charges, required for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act or the regulations; and\n(t) exempting, with or without conditions, any thing, or a person or activity in respect of a thing, from the application of this Act or the regulations or a provision of this Act or the regulations.\n(2) [Paragraph (1)(a) — importation] Regulations made under paragraph (1)(a) may, among other things, establish preclearance or in-transit requirements for any imported thing or anything imported with it.\n(3) [Paragraph (1)(a) — prohibiting or restricting activities] Regulations made under paragraph (1)(a) may, among other things, authorize the Minister or an inspector to prohibit or restrict the carrying out of any activity in respect of a thing if the Minister or inspector has reasonable grounds to believe that the thing is a pest, is infested with a pest or constitutes a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, and prescribe conditions for the exercise of the authority.\n(4) [Paragraph (1)(i)] Regulations made under paragraph (1)(i) may, among other things, authorize the Minister or an inspector to prohibit or restrict the use of a place or a thing if the Minister or inspector has reasonable grounds to believe that the place is infested with a pest or that the thing is a pest, is infested with a pest or constitutes a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, and prescribe conditions for the exercise of the authority.\n(5) [Paragraph (1)(r.1)] Regulations made under paragraph (1)(r.1) may, among other things, require persons who conduct any activity regulated under this Act and who become aware that a thing that is a pest, that is or could be infested with a pest or that constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest presents a risk of harm to human, animal or plant health or the environment or does not meet the requirements of the regulations to provide written notice to that effect to the Minister or an inspector.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 47; 1993, c. 34, s. 103; 2015, c. 2, s. 108",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 47",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-47.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s47.1",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "47.1",
+    "marginal_note": "Incorporation by reference",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Incorporation by Reference",
+    "text": "47.1\n(1) A regulation made under subsection 47(1) may incorporate by reference any document, regardless of its source, either as it exists on a particular date or as it is amended from time to time.\n(2) [Accessibility] The Minister must ensure that any document that is incorporated by reference in a regulation made under subsection 47(1), including any amendments to the document, is accessible.\n(3) [Defence] A person is not liable to be found guilty of an offence or subjected to an administrative sanction for any contravention in respect of which a document that is incorporated by reference in a regulation made under subsection 47(1) is relevant unless, at the time of the alleged contravention, the document was accessible as required by subsection (2) or it was otherwise accessible to the person.\n(4) [No registration or publication] For greater certainty, a document that is incorporated by reference in a regulation made under subsection 47(1) is not required to be transmitted for registration or published in the Canada Gazette by reason only that it is incorporated by reference.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 2, s. 109",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 47.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-47.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s47.2",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "47.2",
+    "marginal_note": "Authorizations",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Authorizations",
+    "text": "47.2\n(1) The President of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency may, subject to the regulations, authorize any person to perform any activity that he or she specifies, subject to any conditions that he or she considers appropriate, if the activity is related to ensuring that a thing is not a pest, is not or could not be infested with a pest or does not or could not constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(2) [Not transferable] The authorization is not transferable.\n(3) [Amendment, suspension and revocation] The President may, subject to the regulations, amend, suspend or revoke the authorization.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 2, s. 109",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 47.2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-47.2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s47.3",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "47.3",
+    "marginal_note": "Non-application of Statutory Instruments Act",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "47.3 The Statutory Instruments Act does not apply in respect of a notice referred to in section 49.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 2, s. 109",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 47.3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-47.3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s48",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "48",
+    "marginal_note": "General offence",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "48\n(1) Every person who contravenes any provision of this Act, other than section 9, or the regulations or who refuses or neglects to perform any duty imposed by or under the Act or the regulations is guilty of\n(a) an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both; or\n(b) an indictable offence and liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.\n(2) [Possession of illegal imports] Every person who contravenes section 9 is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand dollars.\n(3) [No imprisonment] Notwithstanding the Criminal Code, no person shall be committed to prison for default of payment of a fine imposed under subsection (2).",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 48; 1995, c. 40, s. 82; 2015, c. 2, s. 110(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 48",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-48.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s49",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "49",
+    "marginal_note": "Failure to comply with notices",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "49 Every person who fails to comply with a notice communicated to the person under section 6, 8, 24, 30 or 36 or the regulations is guilty of\n(a) an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both; or\n(b) an indictable offence and liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 49; 1995, c. 40, s. 83",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 49",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-49.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s50",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "50",
+    "marginal_note": "Contravention of prohibition or restriction",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "50\n(1) Every person who contravenes a prohibition or restriction imposed under subsection 13(1) or 15(3) is guilty of\n(a) an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both; or\n(b) an indictable offence and liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.\n(2) [Defence] No person shall be found guilty of an offence consisting of a contravention of a prohibition or restriction imposed by the Minister or an inspector unless it is proved that, at the time of the alleged contravention,\n(a) the person had been notified of the prohibition or restriction; or\n(b) reasonable steps had been taken to bring the substance of the prohibition or restriction to the notice of persons likely to be affected by it.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 50; 1995, c. 40, s. 84",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 50",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-50.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s51",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "51",
+    "marginal_note": "Limitation period or prescription",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "51 Summary conviction proceedings for an offence under this Act may be instituted no later than two years after the day on which the subject matter of the proceedings arises.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 51; 2015, c. 2, s. 111",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 51",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-51.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s52",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "52",
+    "marginal_note": "Ticket offences",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "52 The Governor in Council may make regulations designating the contravention of any provision of this Act or the regulations as an offence with respect to which, notwithstanding the provisions of the Criminal Code,\n(a) an inspector may lay an information and issue and serve a summons by completing a ticket in the prescribed form, affixing the inspector’s signature thereto and delivering the ticket to the person alleged to have committed the offence specified therein at the time the offence is alleged to have been committed, or\n(b) the summons may be served on an accused by mailing the summons to the accused at the accused’s latest known address,\nand any regulations made under this section shall establish a procedure for voluntarily entering a plea of guilty and paying a fine in respect of each offence to which the regulations relate and shall prescribe the amount of the fine to be paid in respect of each offence.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 52",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-52.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s53",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "53",
+    "marginal_note": "Recovery of fines",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "53 Where a person is convicted of an offence under this Act and a fine that is imposed as punishment is not paid when required, the prosecutor may, by filing the conviction, enter as a judgment the amount of the fine and costs, if any, in the superior court of the province in which the trial was held, and the judgment is enforceable against the convicted person in the same manner as if it were a judgment obtained by Her Majesty in right of Canada against the person in that court in civil proceedings.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 53",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-53.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s54",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "54",
+    "marginal_note": "Parties to offence",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "54 If a person other than an individual commits an offence under this Act, any of the person’s directors, officers or agents or mandataries who directs, authorizes, assents to or acquiesces or participates in the commission of the offence is a party to the offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment provided for by this Act, even if the person is not prosecuted for the offence.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 54; 2015, c. 2, s. 112",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 54",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-54.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s55",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "55",
+    "marginal_note": "Proof of offence",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "55 In a prosecution for an offence under this Act, it is sufficient proof of the offence to establish that it was committed by an employee or an agent or mandatary of the accused, even if the employee or the agent or mandatary is not identified or prosecuted for the offence, unless the accused establishes that the offence was committed without the knowledge or consent of the accused and that the accused exercised all due diligence to prevent its commission.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 55; 2015, c. 2, s. 112",
+    "last_amended": "2015-02-27",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 55",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-55.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s56",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "56",
+    "marginal_note": "Place of trial",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "56 A prosecution for an offence under this Act may be instituted, heard and determined in the place where\n(a) the offence was committed or the subject-matter of the prosecution arose;\n(b) the accused was apprehended; or\n(c) the accused happens to be, or is carrying on business.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 56",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-56.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s57",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "57",
+    "marginal_note": "Certificates and reports",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Evidence",
+    "text": "57\n(1) In any proceedings for a violation, or for an offence under this Act, a declaration, certificate, report or other document of the Minister or an inspector, purporting to have been signed by the Minister or the inspector, is admissible in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed it and, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, is proof of the matters asserted in it.\n(2) [Copies of documents] In any proceedings for a violation, or for an offence under this Act, a copy of or an extract from any record or other document that is made by the Minister or an inspector under this Act or the regulations and that appears to have been certified under the signature of the Minister or the inspector as a true copy or extract is admissible in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed it and, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, has the same probative force as the original would have if it were proved in the ordinary way.\n(3) [Presumed date of issue] Any document referred to in subsection (1) or (2) shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be deemed to have been issued on the date that it bears.\n(4) [Notice] No declaration, certificate, report, copy, extract or other document referred to in this section shall be received in evidence unless the party intending to produce it has, before the trial, served on the party against whom it is intended to be produced reasonable notice of that intention, together with a duplicate of the declaration, certificate, report, copy, extract or other document.",
+    "history": "1990, c. 22, s. 57; 1995, c. 40, s. 85",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 57",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-57.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s58",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "58",
+    "marginal_note": "Orders continued",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Transitional",
+    "text": "58 Any orders made under section 8 of the Plant Quarantine Act and in force immediately before the repeal of that Act by section 59 of this Act shall continue in force as if they were orders made under subsection 15(3) of this Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 58",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-58.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s59",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "59",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Repeal",
+    "text": "59 [Repeal]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. 59",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-59.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "P-14.8-s*60",
+    "act_code": "P-14.8",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Act",
+    "section": "*60",
+    "marginal_note": "Coming into force",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Coming into Force",
+    "text": "*60 This Act or any provision thereof shall come into force on a day or days to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council.\n* [Note: Act in force October 1, 1990, see SI/90-110.]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2002-12-31",
+    "current_to": "2019-06-21",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Act, s. *60",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/p-14.8/section-*60.html"
+  }
+]

data/processed/Q-1.1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,1532 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s1",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "1",
+    "marginal_note": "Short title",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Short Title",
+    "text": "1 This Act may be cited as the Quarantine Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s2",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "2",
+    "marginal_note": "Definitions",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Interpretation",
+    "text": "2 The following definitions apply in this Act.\ncommunicable disease means a human disease that is caused by an infectious agent or a biological toxin and poses a risk of significant harm to public health, or a disease listed in the schedule, and includes an infectious agent that causes a communicable disease. (maladie transmissible)\nconveyance means a watercraft, aircraft, train, motor vehicle, trailer or other means of transportation, including a cargo container, that arrives in Canada or is in the process of departing from Canada. (véhicule)\ndeparture point means any point designated by the Minister under section 10. (point de sortie)\nentry point means a point designated by the Minister under section 9 or a point where a customs office, within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the Customs Act, is located. (point d’entrée)\nhealth assessment means an evaluation of the relevant medical history and the travel history of a traveller and a physical examination, including an examination of the traveller’s head, neck and extremities and the measurement of vital signs such as the traveller’s temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate. (contrôle médical)\nmedical examination includes ascertaining the relevant medical history and the travel history of the person being examined, the conduct of a physical examination and any laboratory tests or radiographic or diagnostic tests that are required to make a determination of whether the person might have a communicable disease. (examen médical)\nmedical practitioner means a person who is entitled to practise medicine by the laws of a province. (médecin)\nMinister means the Minister of Health. (ministre)\noperator means any person in charge of a conveyance, and includes the conveyance crew. (conducteur)\nowner, other than in section 43, includes a lessee. (propriétaire)\npeace officer means a person referred to in paragraphs (c) and (g) of the definition peace officer in section 2 of the Criminal Code. (agent de la paix)\nprescribed means prescribed by regulation. (Version anglaise seulement)\nquarantine facility means any place that is used for the detention of a traveller. (installation de quarantaine)\nquarantine station means any place that is used for the administration and enforcement of this Act. (poste de quarantaine)\nscreening officer means a person designated as a screening officer under subsection 5(1) or an officer within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the Customs Act. (agent de contrôle)\ntraveller means a person, including the operator of a conveyance, who arrives in Canada or is in the process of departing from Canada. (voyageur)\nvector means an insect or animal capable of transmitting a communicable disease. (vecteur)",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s3",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "3",
+    "marginal_note": "Binding on Her Majesty",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Binding on Her Majesty",
+    "text": "3 This Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or of a province.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s4",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "4",
+    "marginal_note": "Purpose",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Purpose",
+    "text": "4 The purpose of this Act is to protect public health by taking comprehensive measures to prevent the introduction and spread of communicable diseases.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 4",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-4.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s5",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "5",
+    "marginal_note": "Designating analysts and certain officers",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Minister",
+    "text": "5\n(1) The Minister may designate qualified persons, or classes of qualified persons, as analysts, screening officers or environmental health officers.\n(2) [Designating quarantine officers] The Minister may designate medical practitioners or other qualified health care practitioners, or classes of such persons, as quarantine officers.\n(3) [Designating review officers] The Minister may designate medical practitioners as review officers.\n(4) [Certificate to be produced] The Minister shall give a certificate of designation to every screening officer who is not also a customs officer, to every quarantine officer and to every environmental health officer. An officer to whom a certificate has been given shall produce it, on request, to the person in charge of a place or conveyance that the officer inspects and to any person that the officer questions.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 5",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-5.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s6",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "6",
+    "marginal_note": "Quarantine station",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Minister",
+    "text": "6\n(1) The Minister may establish a quarantine station at any place in Canada.\n(2) [Provision and maintenance of area or facility] The operator of a facility in which a customs office, within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the Customs Act, is located shall, when required in writing by the Minister, provide and maintain free of charge any area or facility, along with its fixtures, that the Minister considers necessary for establishing a quarantine station.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 6",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-6.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s7",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "7",
+    "marginal_note": "Quarantine facilities",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Minister",
+    "text": "7 The Minister may by order designate any place in Canada as a quarantine facility and amend, cancel or reinstate the designation.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 7",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-7.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s8",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "8",
+    "marginal_note": "Duty to provide",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Minister",
+    "text": "8\n(1) Any person in charge of a place shall, at the request of the Minister, provide that place to the Minister if, in the opinion of the Minister, the temporary use of the place as a quarantine facility is necessary to protect public health.\n(2) [Deeming] The place is deemed to be designated as a quarantine facility.\n(3) [Compensation] The Minister may compensate any person for the Minister’s use of the place.\n(4) [Consultation] The Minister shall consult with the provincial public health authority of the province in which the place is situated before taking possession of it.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 8",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-8.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s9",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "9",
+    "marginal_note": "Designation of entry point",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Minister",
+    "text": "9 The Minister may by order designate any point in Canada as an entry point.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 9",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-9.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s10",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "10",
+    "marginal_note": "Designation of departure point",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Minister",
+    "text": "10 The Minister may by order designate any point in Canada as a departure point if, in the opinion of the Minister, the order is necessary to prevent the spread of a communicable disease.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 10",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-10.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s11",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "11",
+    "marginal_note": "Ministerial agreements",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Minister",
+    "text": "11 The Minister may enter into an agreement with a department or an agency of the Government of Canada or of a province, or with a public health authority, respecting the administration and enforcement of this Act or of an Act of a province.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 11",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-11.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s12",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "12",
+    "marginal_note": "Obligation on arriving travellers",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "12 Every person who is subject to subsection 11(1) of the Customs Act and enters Canada shall, immediately after entering, present themselves to a screening officer at the nearest entry point.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 12",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-12.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s13",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "13",
+    "marginal_note": "Obligation on departing travellers",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "13 Every person who leaves Canada through a departure point shall, immediately before leaving, present themselves to a screening officer or quarantine officer at the departure point.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 13",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-13.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s14",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "14",
+    "marginal_note": "Screening technology",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "14\n(1) Any qualified person authorized by the Minister may, to determine whether a traveller has a communicable disease or symptoms of one, use any screening technology authorized by the Minister that does not involve the entry into the traveller’s body of any instrument or other foreign body.\n(2) [Refusal to be screened] If a traveller refuses to be screened with the screening technology and the person using it is not a screening officer or quarantine officer, the person shall immediately inform a screening officer or quarantine officer of the refusal.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 14",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-14.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s15",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "15",
+    "marginal_note": "Duty to provide information",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "15\n(1) Every traveller shall answer any relevant questions asked by a screening officer or quarantine officer and provide to the officer any information or record in their possession that the officer may reasonably require in the performance of a duty under this Act.\n(2) [Duty to disclose communicable disease] Any traveller who has reasonable grounds to suspect that they have or might have a communicable disease listed in the schedule or are infested with vectors, or that they have recently been in close proximity to a person who has, or is reasonably likely to have, a communicable disease listed in the schedule or is infested with vectors, shall disclose that fact to a screening officer or quarantine officer.\n(3) [Compliance with measures] Every traveller shall comply with any reasonable measure ordered by a screening officer or quarantine officer for the purpose of preventing the introduction and spread of a communicable disease.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 15",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-15.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s16",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "16",
+    "marginal_note": "Obligation to inform",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "16\n(1) A screening officer shall immediately inform a quarantine officer, and follow any directive of that officer respecting the traveller, if\n(a) the screening officer has reasonable grounds to suspect that a traveller has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors, or has recently been in close proximity to a person who has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors;\n(b) a traveller has refused to be screened by the screening officer under subsection 14(1), or a person authorized to use the screening technology has informed the screening officer that a traveller has refused to be screened under that subsection;\n(c) a traveller has contravened subsection 15(1) by refusing to answer a question asked by the screening officer or by refusing to provide information or a record that the screening officer required; or\n(d) a traveller has contravened subsection 15(3) by refusing to comply with a measure ordered by the screening officer.\n(2) [Isolation] The screening officer may, without directives from a quarantine officer, isolate the traveller, individually or within a group, until the traveller is assessed by a quarantine officer.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 16",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-16.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s17",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "17",
+    "marginal_note": "Traveller to be informed",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "17 A screening officer or quarantine officer who takes any action in respect of a traveller under this Act shall, if reasonably possible, inform the traveller of the measure before it is taken.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 17",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-17.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s18",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "18",
+    "marginal_note": "Arrest without warrant",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "18 A peace officer may, at the request of a screening officer or quarantine officer, arrest without a warrant and bring to a quarantine officer any traveller who the peace officer has reasonable grounds to believe has refused to be isolated or refuses to comply with a measure under subsection 15(3).",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 18",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-18.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s19",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "19",
+    "marginal_note": "Health assessment requirement",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "19\n(1) A quarantine officer may require a traveller to undergo a health assessment if\n(a) the officer has reasonable grounds to suspect that the traveller has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors, or has recently been in close proximity to a person who has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors;\n(b) the traveller has refused to be screened under subsection 14(1); or\n(c) the traveller has contravened subsection 15(1) or (3).\n(2) [Timing of assessment] The health assessment shall be undertaken as soon as reasonably practicable but in any case within 48 hours after the quarantine officer requires the traveller to undergo it.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 19",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-19.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s20",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "20",
+    "marginal_note": "Person at an entry or departure point",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "20\n(1) A quarantine officer may require any person at an entry or departure point to undergo a health assessment if the quarantine officer has reasonable grounds to suspect that the person has recently been in close proximity to a person who has or might have a communicable disease or who is infested with vectors.\n(1.1) [When health assessment to be undertaken] The health assessment shall be undertaken as soon as reasonably practicable but in any case within 48 hours after the quarantine officer requires the traveller to undergo it.\n(2) [Person is a traveller] For the purposes of sections 21 to 33.1, traveller includes any person required to undergo a health assessment under subsection (1).",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 20",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-20.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s21",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "21",
+    "marginal_note": "Disinfestation of traveller, etc.",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "21\n(1) A quarantine officer may require a traveller, their clothing and their personal belongings to be disinfested if, after a health assessment of the traveller, the quarantine officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the traveller is infested with vectors.\n(2) [Disinfestation of baggage] A quarantine officer or a person acting on their behalf may detain and disinfest any baggage if the quarantine officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the baggage is infested with vectors.\n(3) [Disinfestation of place] A quarantine officer or a person acting on their behalf may enter and disinfest any place at an entry or departure point if a traveller or baggage that was or may be disinfested under subsection (1) or (2) has been in or at that place and the quarantine officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the place is infested with vectors.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 21",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-21.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s22",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "22",
+    "marginal_note": "Medical examination",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "22\n(1) If a quarantine officer has reasonable grounds to believe that a traveller has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors, or has recently been in close proximity to a person who has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors, the officer may require the traveller to undergo a medical examination.\n(2) [Timing of examination] The medical examination shall be conducted by a medical practitioner and undertaken as soon as reasonably practicable but in any case within 48 hours after the quarantine officer requires the traveller to undergo it.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 22",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-22.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s23",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "23",
+    "marginal_note": "Request of specific medical practitioner",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "23\n(1) At any time, a traveller may request an examination by a medical practitioner of their choice in addition to a medical examination conducted under subsection 22(1). The quarantine officer shall inform the traveller of this right.\n(2) [Granting of request] The quarantine officer shall accept the request if, in the opinion of the officer, the examination would not unduly delay any measures taken in the administration of this Act.\n(3) [Cost and location of examination] The examination shall be at the traveller’s expense and shall be conducted in the place where the traveller is detained.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 23",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-23.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s24",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "24",
+    "marginal_note": "Interpreter",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "24 The Minister shall, if reasonably possible, provide a traveller with an interpreter if the traveller does not have an adequate understanding of at least one of Canada’s official languages or has a speech or hearing disability.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 24",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-24.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s25",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "25",
+    "marginal_note": "Report to public health authority",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "25\n(1) If a quarantine officer, after the health assessment or medical examination of a traveller, has reasonable grounds to suspect that the traveller has or might have a communicable disease, or has recently been in close proximity to a person who has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors, but is of the opinion that the traveller does not pose an immediate risk of significant harm to public health, the officer may order the traveller to report to the public health authority specified in the order.\n(2) [Public health authority to be informed] The quarantine officer shall, without delay, send a copy of an order made under subsection (1) to the public health authority specified in the order.\n(3) [Quarantine officer to be informed] The public health authority shall inform the quarantine officer, in accordance with the order, whether the traveller reports to the authority.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 25",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-25.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s26",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "26",
+    "marginal_note": "Order to comply with treatment or measure",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "26 If a quarantine officer, after the medical examination of a traveller, has reasonable grounds to believe that the traveller has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors, or has recently been in close proximity to a person who has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors, the quarantine officer may order the traveller to comply with treatment or any other measure for preventing the introduction and spread of the communicable disease.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 26",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-26.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s27",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "27",
+    "marginal_note": "Arrest warrant",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "27 On an ex parte application by a quarantine officer, a provincial court judge within the meaning of section 2 of the Criminal Code who is satisfied on information submitted in writing and under oath that a traveller has failed to comply with an order made under subsection 25(1) or section 26 may issue a warrant directing a peace officer to arrest the traveller and take them to a quarantine officer.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 27",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-27.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s28",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "28",
+    "marginal_note": "Detention by quarantine officer",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "28\n(1) A quarantine officer may detain any traveller who\n(a) has refused to be disinfested or to undergo a health assessment;\n(b) has been required to undergo a medical examination under subsection 22(1);\n(c) has failed to comply with an order made under section 26;\n(d) the quarantine officer has reasonable grounds to believe\n(i) has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors, or has recently been in close proximity to a person who has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors, and\n(ii) is capable of infecting other people;\n(e) has been arrested under section 27; or\n(f) has been arrested without a warrant under section 18.\n(2) [Arrest without warrant] A peace officer may, at the request of a quarantine officer, arrest without a warrant and bring to the quarantine officer any traveller referred to in subsection (1) who resists detention.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 28",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-28.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s29",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "29",
+    "marginal_note": "Right to review",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "29\n(1) The quarantine officer shall immediately inform a traveller detained under subsection 28(1) of their right to a review of the confirmation of detention.\n(2) [Frequency of examination] The quarantine officer shall provide the traveller with the opportunity to undergo a medical examination by a medical practitioner at least every seven days after the day on which the detention begins.\n(3) [Confirmation of detention] A quarantine officer shall confirm, at least every seven days after the day on which the detention begins and on the basis of the most recent medical examination or any other information, that continued detention is necessary if the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the traveller poses a risk of significant harm to public health. The quarantine officer shall give the traveller a copy of the confirmation of detention detailing the reasons for the continued detention.\n(4) [Request for review] A traveller who has received a confirmation of detention under subsection (3) may request a review of the confirmation by transmitting a written request to that effect to a quarantine officer.\n(5) [Request] A quarantine officer who receives a request under subsection (4) shall immediately send it to a review officer designated under subsection 5(3).\n(6) [Release] The review officer shall, within 48 hours after receiving the request, conduct a review of the confirmation of detention and, if the review officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the traveller does not pose a risk of significant harm to public health, order the traveller’s release.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 29",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-29.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s30",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "30",
+    "marginal_note": "Review by Minister",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "30 The Minister may, on the Minister’s own motion, review any decision of a quarantine officer to detain a traveller and, if the Minister is of the opinion that the traveller does not pose a risk of significant harm to public health, order the traveller’s release.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 30",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-30.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s31",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "31",
+    "marginal_note": "Mandatory application for court order",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "31\n(1) If a quarantine officer detains a traveller referred to in paragraph 28(1)(a), (c), (e) or (f), or a traveller referred to in paragraph 28(1)(b) who has refused to undergo the medical examination, the quarantine officer shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, apply to a judge of the superior court of the province in which the traveller is detained, or to a judge of the Federal Court, for an order requiring the traveller\n(a) to submit to a health assessment;\n(b) to submit to a medical examination;\n(c) to be treated;\n(d) to be disinfested; or\n(e) to undergo any other measure for preventing or controlling the spread of a communicable disease.\n(2) [Discretionary application for court order] If a quarantine officer detains a traveller referred to in paragraph 28(1)(b) who has not refused to undergo the medical examination, or a traveller referred to in paragraph 28(1)(d), the quarantine officer may apply to a judge of the superior court of the province in which the traveller is detained, or to a judge of the Federal Court, for an order referred to in any of paragraphs (1)(b) to (e).\n(3) [Court order for medical intervention] A judge may make an order under this section only if the judge is satisfied that\n(a) the order is appropriate to prevent or control a risk of significant harm to public health; and\n(b) other reasonable means are not available to prevent or control the risk.\n(4) [Technological means for appearance] The traveller may appear before the court by any technological means satisfactory to the court that permits the court and the traveller to communicate simultaneously if the court is satisfied that the use of the technology is necessary or prudent to prevent the spread of a communicable disease.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 31",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-31.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s32",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "32",
+    "marginal_note": "Release",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "32 A quarantine officer shall not detain a traveller if\n(a) the quarantine officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the traveller does not pose a risk of significant harm to public health;\n(b) the traveller is transferred to a public health authority under section 33;\n(c) the release of the traveller is ordered under subsection 29(6) or section 30; or\n(d) the quarantine officer has reasonable grounds to believe that other reasonable means are available to prevent or control a risk of significant harm to public health.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 32",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-32.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s33",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "33",
+    "marginal_note": "Transfer to public health authority",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "33 A quarantine officer may at any time transfer a traveller detained by the quarantine officer under subsection 28(1) to a public health authority with the agreement of the authority or the province.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 33",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-33.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s33.1",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "33.1",
+    "marginal_note": "Notice to provincial public health authority",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Travellers",
+    "text": "33.1\n(1) As soon as practicable, a quarantine officer shall inform the provincial public health authority of any province concerned if\n(a) the quarantine officer has required a traveller to undergo a medical examination under subsection 22(1);\n(b) the quarantine officer has ordered the traveller to comply with treatment or any other measure under section 26;\n(c) a peace officer has arrested a traveller and taken them to the quarantine officer under section 27;\n(d) the quarantine officer is detaining a traveller under subsection 28(1); or\n(e) the quarantine officer does not detain a traveller, for the reasons set out in paragraph 32(d).\n(2) [Disclosure of information] The quarantine officer shall disclose to the provincial public health authority the following personal information regarding the traveller, to the extent that it is known:\n(a) the traveller’s name, sex, age and date of birth;\n(b) the traveller’s itinerary, home address and location;\n(c) the communicable disease in question and the state of the traveller’s health in respect of that disease; and\n(d) the manner in which the traveller may have acquired the communicable disease or vectors.\n(3) [Disclosure to provincial public health authority] The quarantine officer may disclose confidential business information or other personal information obtained under this Act to the provincial public health authority if the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the disclosure is necessary to prevent the spread of a communicable disease.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 33.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-33.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s34",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "34",
+    "marginal_note": "Application",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "34\n(1) This section applies to the operator of any of the following conveyances:\n(a) a conveyance that is used in the business of carrying persons or cargo; and\n(b) a prescribed conveyance.\n(2) [Operator to inform quarantine officer before arrival] As soon as possible before a conveyance arrives at its destination in Canada, the operator shall inform a quarantine officer or cause a quarantine officer to be informed of any reasonable grounds to suspect that\n(a) any person, cargo or other thing on board the conveyance could cause the spreading of a communicable disease listed in the schedule;\n(b) a person on board the conveyance has died; or\n(c) any prescribed circumstances exist.\n(3) [Operator to inform quarantine officer before departure] As soon as possible before a conveyance departs from Canada through a departure point, the operator shall inform a quarantine officer or cause a quarantine officer to be informed of any circumstance referred to in paragraphs (2)(a) to (c) that exists.\n(4) [Exception] No operator contravenes subsection (2) if it is not reasonably possible for the operator to inform a quarantine officer or cause a quarantine officer to be informed before the conveyance’s arrival at its destination in Canada, as long as the operator does so on the conveyance’s arrival at that destination.",
+    "history": "2005, c. 20, s. 34; 2007, c. 27, s. 1",
+    "last_amended": "2007-06-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 34",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-34.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s35",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "35",
+    "marginal_note": "Diversion order",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "35 The Minister may order the diversion of a conveyance to any place in Canada specified by the Minister if the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that doing so is necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of a communicable disease.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 35",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-35.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s35.1",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "35.1",
+    "marginal_note": "Civil Air Navigation Services Commercialization Act",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "35.1 If the Minister makes an order under section 35, the Minister may order a provider of air navigation services, within the meaning of section 2 of the Civil Air Navigation Services Commercialization Act, to relay the order.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 35.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-35.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s36",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "36",
+    "marginal_note": "Communication of information to passengers",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "36 A person engaged in the business of carrying persons or cargo shall, at the request of a screening officer, a quarantine officer or an environmental health officer, communicate or distribute to travellers information or questionnaires provided by the officer.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 36",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-36.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s37",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "37",
+    "marginal_note": "Screening officer",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "37\n(1) If a screening officer has reasonable grounds to suspect that a conveyance, its cargo or any other thing on board the conveyance is a source of a communicable disease, the officer shall immediately inform an environmental health officer and follow any directive of that officer respecting the matter.\n(2) [Detention, etc.] The screening officer may detain the conveyance referred to in subsection (1), or the conveyance of an operator who does not comply with section 38, take any reasonable measures to prevent entry to or exit from it or access to it or its contents or take the conveyance to a specified place, until an environmental health officer inspects the conveyance.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 37",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-37.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s38",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "38",
+    "marginal_note": "Duty to provide information",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "38 The operator shall answer any relevant questions asked by a screening officer, a quarantine officer or an environmental health officer and provide the officer with any information or record in the operator’s possession that the officer may reasonably require in the performance of a duty under this Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 38",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-38.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s39",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "39",
+    "marginal_note": "Order of environmental health officer",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "39\n(1) If an environmental health officer has reasonable grounds to believe that a conveyance, its cargo or any other thing on board the conveyance could be the source of a communicable disease, the officer may order the owner or operator of the conveyance or any person using it for the business of carrying persons or cargo to\n(a) take any reasonable measures to prevent entry to or exit from the conveyance or access to it or its contents;\n(b) take the conveyance to a specified place;\n(c) disinfect, disinfest, decontaminate or fumigate the conveyance, its contents or any place where the conveyance or its contents have been, in a manner directed by the officer;\n(d) destroy or dispose of the conveyance, its contents or any cargo or other thing that has been on board the conveyance;\n(e) carry out any measures reasonably necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of a communicable disease; or\n(f) remove the conveyance and its contents from Canada and present a declaration of health to the appropriate health authorities in the country of destination.\n(2) [Report to country of destination] An environmental health officer who makes an order under paragraph (1)(f) shall immediately report the evidence found on the conveyance and the control measures required to the appropriate authority in the country of destination.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 39",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-39.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s40",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "40",
+    "marginal_note": "Refusal to obey order",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "40\n(1) If a person refuses to obey the order of an environmental health officer made under subsection 39(1), the officer may carry out the order themself, or order another person to carry it out.\n(2) [Informing of action] After the order is carried out, the environmental health officer shall, as soon as practicable, advise the person who refused to obey the order of the action taken and the place where the conveyance and its contents are being kept.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 40",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-40.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s40.1",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "40.1",
+    "marginal_note": "When compliance not required",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "40.1 No person is required to carry out an order under subsection 39(1) if doing so would expose them to a danger as defined in subsection 122(1) of the Canada Labour Code.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 40.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-40.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s40.2",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "40.2",
+    "marginal_note": "Notice to provincial public health authority",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "40.2\n(1) As soon as practicable, an environmental health officer shall inform the provincial public health authority of any province concerned if\n(a) a conveyance has been diverted under section 35; or\n(b) the environmental health officer has ordered anything to be done under subsection 39(1).\n(2) [Disclosure of information] The environmental health officer shall disclose to the provincial public health authority the following information regarding the conveyance, to the extent that it is known:\n(a) a description of the conveyance and its itinerary;\n(b) everything ordered to be done under subsection 39(1) and the reasons why it was ordered to be done;\n(c) the communicable disease in question; and\n(d) the name and location of the operator of the conveyance and of any person using it for the business of carrying persons or cargo.\n(3) [Disclosure to provincial public health authority] The environmental health officer may disclose confidential business information or personal information obtained under this Act to the provincial public health authority if the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the disclosure is necessary to prevent the spread of a communicable disease.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 40.2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-40.2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s41",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "41",
+    "marginal_note": "Costs of carrying out order",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "41\n(1) A person who is subject to an order referred to in section 39 shall pay any cost of carrying out the order.\n(2) [Detention until costs paid] An environmental health officer may detain the conveyance and its contents until the cost of carrying out the order has been paid.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 41",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-41.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s42",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "42",
+    "marginal_note": "Minister may require security deposit from owner of conveyance",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "42\n(1) A person engaged in the business of carrying persons or cargo shall, when required by the Minister to do so, deposit with the Minister any sum of money or other security that the Minister considers necessary as a guarantee that the person will comply with this Act.\n(2) [Payment out of security deposited] The Minister may pay from the deposited money, or the proceeds of sale of the security, a fine or costs incurred by the person if\n(a) the person fails to pay any amount under subsection 41(1) or publication costs under paragraph 80(1)(g) or subsection 80(3); or\n(b) the person is convicted of an offence under this Act and fails to pay a fine.\n(3) [Return of security] The Minister shall return the money or other security if, in the opinion of the Minister, that security is no longer required.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 42",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-42.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s43",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "43",
+    "marginal_note": "Compensation to owners",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyances",
+    "text": "43 The Minister may compensate the owner of any conveyance, cargo or other thing that is damaged or destroyed under section 39 or 40 in an amount equal to the market value, as determined by the Minister, that the property had at the time of its damage or destruction, less any amount that the owner received or is entitled to receive in respect of it from salvage, insurance or any other source.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 43",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-43.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s44",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "44",
+    "marginal_note": "Obligation of operator",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Cadavers, Body Parts and Other Human Remains",
+    "text": "44\n(1) Every operator carrying a cadaver, a body part or other human remains into Canada shall provide a copy of the death certificate to the screening officer at the entry point.\n(2) [No death certificate or communicable disease] If the operator does not provide a death certificate or the screening officer has reasonable grounds to suspect that the cadaver, body part or other human remains have or might have a communicable disease or are infested with vectors, the screening officer shall immediately inform a quarantine officer and follow any directive of that officer respecting the matter.\n(3) [Directive] The operator shall comply with any directive of the quarantine officer respecting the cadaver, body part or other human remains.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 44",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-44.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s45",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "45",
+    "marginal_note": "Prohibition",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Cadavers, Body Parts and Other Human Remains",
+    "text": "45 No person shall export a cadaver, a body part or other human remains that have or might have a communicable disease listed in the schedule unless the exportation is in accordance with the regulations or is authorized by the Minister.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 45",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-45.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s46",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "46",
+    "marginal_note": "Exception",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Cadavers, Body Parts and Other Human Remains",
+    "text": "46 Sections 44 and 45 do not apply to the import or export of cells, tissues or organs for transplantation that are imported or exported in accordance with the Food and Drugs Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 46",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-46.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s47",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "47",
+    "marginal_note": "Powers of inspection",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Powers",
+    "text": "47\n(1) A quarantine officer or an environmental health officer may, to determine whether a conveyance or place, or any contents within it, could be the source of a communicable disease, or whether a traveller has or might have a communicable disease or is infested with vectors, and to enforce this Act,\n(a) stop a conveyance, at an entry or departure point or anywhere else in Canada, and direct that it be moved to a place where an inspection can be carried out;\n(b) enter and inspect the conveyance or any place where the conveyance has been;\n(c) open and examine any cargo, container, baggage, package or other thing;\n(d) require any person to produce any record under any terms and conditions that, in the opinion of the officer, are necessary to carry out the inspection;\n(e) except with respect to a traveller, conduct or cause to be conducted any test or analysis or take or cause to be taken any sample; and\n(f) except with respect to a traveller, take any measurement.\n(2) [Operation of data processing systems and copying equipment] In conducting the inspection, the officer may\n(a) use or cause to be used any computer or data processing system to examine any data contained in or available to it;\n(b) obtain data in the form of a printout or other intelligible output and take the printout or other output for examination or copying; and\n(c) use or cause to be used any copying equipment to make copies of any record or other document.\n(3) [Powers of the screening officer] A screening officer may exercise any of the powers set out in this section, other than those set out in paragraph (1)(e).",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 47",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-47.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s48",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "48",
+    "marginal_note": "Warrant required to enter dwelling-place",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Powers",
+    "text": "48\n(1) A quarantine officer and an environmental health officer may not enter or inspect a dwelling-place without the consent of its occupant except under the authority of a warrant.\n(2) [Authority to issue warrant] A justice may, on ex parte application, at any time sign and issue a warrant authorizing the officer named in it to enter and inspect a dwelling-place, subject to any conditions that may be specified in the warrant, if the justice is satisfied by information on oath that\n(a) the dwelling-place or its contents could be the source of a communicable disease;\n(b) entry to the dwelling-place is necessary for a purpose relating to the administration of this Act; and\n(c) entry to the dwelling-place has been refused or there are reasonable grounds to believe that it will be refused.\n(3) [Use of force] A quarantine officer or an environmental health officer who executes a warrant shall not use force unless they are accompanied by a peace officer and the use of force is specifically authorized in the warrant.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 48",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-48.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s49",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "49",
+    "marginal_note": "Public officer powers",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Powers",
+    "text": "49 A quarantine officer and an environmental health officer are public officers for the purposes of the application of section 487 of the Criminal Code in respect of an offence under this Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 49",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-49.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s50",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "50",
+    "marginal_note": "Assistance to quarantine officer or environmental health officer",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Powers",
+    "text": "50 The owner or the person in charge of a place or conveyance inspected by a quarantine officer or an environmental health officer under section 47 and any person found in the place shall\n(a) give the officer all reasonable assistance to enable the officer to perform their duties and functions under this Act; and\n(b) provide the officer with any information relevant to the administration of this Act that the officer may reasonably request.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 50",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-50.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s51",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "51",
+    "marginal_note": "Compelling production of information",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Powers",
+    "text": "51 A quarantine officer or an environmental health officer may order any person to provide any information or record in their possession about a traveller that the officer may reasonably require in the performance of the officer’s duties and functions under this Act, or to give the officer access to such information.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 51",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-51.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s52",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "52",
+    "marginal_note": "Peace officer to assist officer acting under this Act",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Powers",
+    "text": "52 A peace officer shall provide any assist­ance that an officer acting under this Act may request for the purpose of administering or enforcing this Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 52",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-52.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s53",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "53",
+    "marginal_note": "Exercise of powers outside Canada",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General Powers",
+    "text": "53 A screening officer, a quarantine officer or an environmental health officer may exercise any power or perform any duty or function under this Act respecting a traveller or conveyance at an entry point in another country if doing so does not conflict with the laws of that country.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 53",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-53.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s54",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "54",
+    "marginal_note": "Report of contravention",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Information",
+    "text": "54\n(1) A person who, in good faith, reports to a screening officer, a quarantine officer or an environmental health officer a contravention of this Act by another person, or the reasonable likelihood of such a contravention, may request that their identity, and any information that could reasonably reveal their identity, not be disclosed to their employer or the other person.\n(2) [Confidentiality] Subject to any other Act of Parliament, no person shall disclose or permit the disclosure of that identity or information unless authorized in writing by the person who made the request.\n(3) [Protection of person] Despite any other Act of Parliament, no person shall dismiss, suspend, demote, discipline, deny a benefit of employment to, harass or otherwise disadvantage a person for having\n(a) made a report under subsection (1);\n(b) refused or stated an intention of refusing to do anything that they believed on reasonable grounds was or would be a contravention under this Act; or\n(c) done or stated an intention to do anything that they believed on reasonable grounds was required under this Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 54",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-54.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s55",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "55",
+    "marginal_note": "Collection of medical information",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Information",
+    "text": "55 The Minister may collect relevant medical information in order to carry out the purposes of this Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 55",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-55.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s56",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "56",
+    "marginal_note": "Disclosure to governments, etc.",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Information",
+    "text": "56\n(1) The Minister may disclose confidential business information or personal information obtained under this Act to a department or to an agency of the Government of Canada or of a province, a government or public health authority, whether domestic or foreign, a health practitioner or an international health organization if the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that the disclosure is necessary to prevent the spread of a communicable disease or to enable Canada to fulfill its international obligations.\n(2) [Disclosure to person in transport business] The Minister may disclose personal information obtained under this Act to a person engaged in the business of carrying persons or cargo, or to an international transportation organization, if the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that the person to whom the information relates has or might have a communicable disease, or has recently been in close proximity to a person who has or might have a communicable disease, and that the disclosure is necessary to prevent the spread of the disease.\n(3) [Notification of disclosure] If any personal information or confidential business information is disclosed under this section, the Minister shall notify the person or business to whom the information relates of the disclosure.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 56",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-56.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s57",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "57",
+    "marginal_note": "Disclosure for law enforcement purposes",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Information",
+    "text": "57 If the Minister has reasonable grounds to suspect that information obtained in the administration of this Act would be relevant to investigating or prosecuting an offence under Part II.1 of the Criminal Code involving an infectious agent or biological toxin, the Minister may disclose any of the following information to a peace officer:\n(a) the name, sex, age and date of birth of the traveller;\n(b) a photograph of the traveller and any other means of identifying them;\n(c) the traveller’s itinerary, home address and location;\n(d) the description of any conveyance used for carrying the traveller;\n(e) the name of the infectious agent or biological toxin; and\n(f) the manner in which the traveller may have acquired the communicable disease or vectors.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 57",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-57.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s58",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "58",
+    "marginal_note": "Order prohibiting entry into Canada",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Emergency Orders",
+    "text": "58\n(1) The Governor in Council may make an order prohibiting or subjecting to any condition the entry into Canada of any class of persons who have been in a foreign country or a specified part of a foreign country if the Governor in Council is of the opinion that\n(a) there is an outbreak of a communicable disease in the foreign country;\n(b) the introduction or spread of the disease would pose an imminent and severe risk to public health in Canada;\n(c) the entry of members of that class of persons into Canada may introduce or contribute to the spread of the communicable disease in Canada; and\n(d) no reasonable alternatives to prevent the introduction or spread of the disease are available.\n(2) [Effect of order] The order has effect for the period specified in it and may be renewed if the conditions in subsection (1) continue to apply.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 58",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-58.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s59",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "59",
+    "marginal_note": "Prohibition on importing",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Emergency Orders",
+    "text": "59 The Governor in Council may make an order prohibiting or subjecting to any condition the importing of any thing into Canada or any part of Canada, either generally or from any place named in the order, for any period that the Governor in Council considers necessary for the purpose of preventing the introduction or spread of a communicable disease in Canada.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 59",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-59.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s60",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "60",
+    "marginal_note": "Interim orders",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Emergency Orders",
+    "text": "60\n(1) The Minister may make an interim order containing any provision that could be contained in a regulation made under section 62 or 63 if the Minister is of the opinion that immediate action is required to deal with a significant risk, direct or indirect, to public health.\n(2) [Cessation of effect] The interim order has effect from the time that it is made but ceases to have effect on the earliest of\n(a) 14 days after the day on which it is made, unless it is approved by the Governor in Council,\n(b) the day on which it is repealed,\n(c) the day on which a regulation made under section 62 or 63 that has the same effect as the interim order comes into force, and\n(d) one year after the day on which it is made or any shorter period that it specifies.\n(3) [Deeming] For the purpose of any provision of this Act other than this section, any reference to regulations made under this Act is deemed to include interim orders, and any reference to a regulation made under a specified provision of this Act is deemed to include a reference to any portion of an interim order containing a provision that may be contained in a regulation made under the specified provision.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 60",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-60.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s61",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "61",
+    "marginal_note": "Exemption from Statutory Instruments Act",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Emergency Orders",
+    "text": "61\n(1) An order made under any of sections 58 to 60\n(a) is exempt from the application of sections 3, 5 and 11 of the Statutory Instruments Act; and\n(b) shall be published in the Canada Gazette within 23 days after the day on which it is made.\n(2) [Tabling of order] A copy of the order shall be tabled in each House of Parliament within 15 days after the day on which it is made.\n(3) [House not sitting] In order to comply with subsection (2), the order may be sent to the Clerk of the House if the House is not sitting.\n(4) [Contravention of unpublished order] No person shall be convicted of an offence consisting of a contravention of the order if, at the time of the alleged contravention, the order had not been published in the Canada Gazette, unless it is proved that, at the time of the alleged contravention, the person had been notified of the order or reasonable steps had been taken to bring the purport of the order to the notice of persons likely to be affected by it.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 61",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-61.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s62",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "62",
+    "marginal_note": "Governor in Council",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Regulations",
+    "text": "62 The Governor in Council may make regulations\n(a) respecting physical examinations carried out for the purposes of a health assessment;\n(a.1) respecting any compensation that is to be paid under this Act;\n(b) respecting the types of costs that a person is not required to pay under section 41;\n(c) respecting the location, design, construction, installation, operation, maintenance, marking and modification of a quarantine facility or quarantine station;\n(c.1) respecting the specifications for areas and facilities provided under subsection 6(2);\n(d) respecting the process of review under section 29;\n(e) respecting the information to be provided by the operator of a conveyance and any other traveller on board;\n(f) respecting the information to be provided by a traveller;\n(g) after consultation with the Privacy Commissioner, as defined in the Privacy Act, respecting the protection of personal information;\n(h) respecting the place and manner of embarkation of travellers at a departure point, or disembarkation of travellers at an entry point, and the loading and unloading of goods and cargo onto and from a conveyance;\n(i) respecting the methods of disinfecting, disinfesting, decontaminating or fumigating conveyances, goods, cargo and places and of disinfesting travellers;\n(j) respecting the declaration of health referred to in paragraph 39(1)(f);\n(k) respecting the carrying into Canada of, the exporting from Canada of, or the transportation and the handling of, cadavers, body parts or other human remains that have, or are suspected of having, a communicable disease or that are, or are suspected of being, infested with vectors;\n(l) respecting the process for applications to the Federal Court for matters under this Act;\n(m) exempting any person or class of persons from the application of all or any of the provisions of this Act;\n(n) respecting anything that may be prescribed under this Act; and\n(o) generally, for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 62",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-62.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s62.1",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "62.1",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Regulations",
+    "text": "62.1 [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 220]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2019-06-21",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 62.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-62.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s62.2",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "62.2",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Regulations",
+    "text": "62.2 [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 220]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2019-06-21",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 62.2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-62.2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s63",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "63",
+    "marginal_note": "Ministerial regulations",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Regulations",
+    "text": "63 The Minister may make regulations amending the schedule by adding, deleting or amending the name of any communicable disease.",
+    "history": "2005, c. 20, s. 63; 2007, c. 27, s. 2",
+    "last_amended": "2007-06-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 63",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-63.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s64",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "64",
+    "marginal_note": "Orders not regulations",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Statutory Instruments Act",
+    "text": "64 For greater certainty, orders made under this Act by the Minister, a screening officer, a quarantine officer or an environmental health officer, including orders made under subsection 15(3) or 25(1), section 26 or 35, subsection 39(1) or 44(3) or section 51, are not regulations for the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 64",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-64.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s65",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "65",
+    "marginal_note": "Entering quarantine facility",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "65\n(1) No person shall enter a quarantine facility without the authorization of a quarantine officer.\n(2) [Leaving quarantine facility] No person shall leave a quarantine facility without the authorization of a quarantine officer.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 65",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-65.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s66",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "66",
+    "marginal_note": "Obstruction of officer",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "66 No person shall hinder or wilfully obstruct a quarantine officer, a screening officer or an environmental health officer who is carrying out their duties or functions under this Act, or make a false or misleading statement, either orally or in writing, to the officer.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 66",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-66.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s67",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "67",
+    "marginal_note": "Offence committed intentionally",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "67\n(1) Every person is guilty of an offence if they cause a risk of imminent death or serious bodily harm to another person while wilfully or recklessly contravening this Act or the regulations.\n(2) [Punishment] Every person who commits an offence under subsection (1) is liable\n(a) on conviction on indictment, to a fine of not more than $1,000,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than three years, or to both; and\n(b) on summary conviction, to a fine of not more than $300,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than six months, or to both.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 67",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-67.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s68",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "68",
+    "marginal_note": "Failure to comply",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "68 Every person who fails to comply with an obligation imposed under subsection 15(3) or 25(1) or section 26 is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $200,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than six months, or to both.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 68",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-68.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s69",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "69",
+    "marginal_note": "Failure to comply",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "69 Every person who fails to comply with an obligation imposed under section 35, subsection 39(1) or 44(3) or section 51 is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $750,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than six months, or to both.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 69",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-69.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s70",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "70",
+    "marginal_note": "Contravention",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "70 Every person who contravenes section 12 or 13, subsection 15(1) or section 65 is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $200,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than six months, or to both.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 70",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-70.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s71",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "71",
+    "marginal_note": "Contravention",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "71 Every person who contravenes subsection 6(2), 8(1) or 34(2) or (3), section 36 or 38, subsection 42(1), section 45 or 50, subsection 54(3), section 58 or 59 or subsection 73(2) or the regulations is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $750,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than six months, or to both.",
+    "history": "2005, c. 20, s. 71; 2007, c. 27, s. 3",
+    "last_amended": "2007-06-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 71",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-71.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s72",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "72",
+    "marginal_note": "Contravention",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Offences and Punishment",
+    "text": "72 Every person who contravenes subsection 15(2) or section 66 is guilty of an offence and liable\n(a) on conviction on indictment, to a fine of not more than $500,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than three years, or to both; or\n(b) on summary conviction, to a fine of not more than $200,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than six months, or to both.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 72",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-72.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s73",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "73",
+    "marginal_note": "Officers, etc., of corporations",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Related Provisions",
+    "text": "73\n(1) If a corporation commits an offence under this Act, any officer, director or agent or mandatary of the corporation who directed, authorized, assented to, acquiesced in or participated in the commission of the offence is a party to, and guilty of, the offence and liable on conviction to the punishment provided for the offence, whether or not the corporation has been prosecuted or convicted.\n(2) [Duty to ensure compliance] Every director and officer of a corporation shall take all reasonable care to ensure that the corporation complies with this Act and the regulations.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 73",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-73.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s74",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "74",
+    "marginal_note": "Offence by employee or agent or mandatary",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Related Provisions",
+    "text": "74 In a prosecution for an offence under this Act, it is sufficient proof of the offence to establish that it was committed by an employee or agent or mandatary of the accused, whether or not the employee or agent or mandatary is identified or has been prosecuted for the offence, unless the accused establishes that\n(a) the offence was committed without the accused’s knowledge or consent; and\n(b) the accused exercised all due diligence to prevent its commission.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 74",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-74.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s75",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "75",
+    "marginal_note": "Continuing offence",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Related Provisions",
+    "text": "75 If an offence under this Act is continued on more than one day, the person who committed it is liable to be convicted for a separate offence for each day on which it is continued.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 75",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-75.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s76",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "76",
+    "marginal_note": "Limitation period",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Related Provisions",
+    "text": "76\n(1) A proceeding by way of summary conviction in respect of an offence under this Act may be commenced at any time within two years after the day on which the Minister becomes aware of the subject-matter of the proceeding.\n(2) [Minister’s certificate] A document purporting to have been issued by the Minister, certifying the day on which the Minister became aware of the subject-matter of the proceeding, is evidence of that fact without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed it and without further proof.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 76",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-76.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s77",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "77",
+    "marginal_note": "Venue",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Related Provisions",
+    "text": "77 An information in respect of an offence under this Act may be tried, determined or adjudged by a summary conviction court if the defendant is resident or carrying on business within the territorial division of the court, even if the matter of the information did not arise in that territorial division.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 77",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-77.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s78",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "78",
+    "marginal_note": "Analysis and examination",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Related Provisions",
+    "text": "78\n(1) A quarantine officer or an environmental health officer may submit to an analyst, for analysis or examination, any sample taken under paragraph 47(1)(e).\n(2) [Certificate of analyst] A certificate of an analyst stating that the analyst has analyzed or examined a sample and stating the result of the analysis or examination is evidence of the statements contained in the certificate without proof of the signature or the official character of the person appearing to have signed it.\n(3) [Attendance of analyst] The party against whom the certificate is produced may, with leave of the court, require the attendance of the analyst for the purpose of cross-examination.\n(4) [Notice] The certificate may not be received in evidence unless the party who intends to produce it has given the party against whom it is intended to be produced reasonable notice of that intention, together with a copy of the certificate.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 78",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-78.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s79",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "79",
+    "marginal_note": "Suspended sentence",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Related Provisions",
+    "text": "79 If an offender is convicted of an offence under this Act, the court may suspend the passing of sentence and may make an order that the offender comply with any condition that has any or all of the effects described in section 80.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 79",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-79.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s80",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "80",
+    "marginal_note": "Orders of court",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Related Provisions",
+    "text": "80\n(1) If an offender is convicted of an offence under this Act, the court may, having regard to the nature of the offence and the circumstances surrounding its commission, in addition to any other punishment that may be imposed under this Act, make an order that has any or all of the following effects:\n(a) prohibiting the offender from committing an act or engaging in an activity that may, in the opinion of the court, result in the continuation or repetition of the offence;\n(b) directing the offender to take any meas­ures that the court considers appropriate to avoid harm to public health that results from or may result from the act or omission that constituted the offence, or to remedy that harm;\n(c) directing the offender to publish, in any manner that the court directs, at the offender’s own expense, the facts relating to the offence and an apology for any harm caused by the offence;\n(d) directing the offender, at the offender’s own expense, to notify any person who is aggrieved or affected by the offender’s conduct of the facts relating to the conviction;\n(e) directing the offender to post a bond or pay an amount of money into court that the court considers appropriate to ensure compliance with any condition required under this section;\n(f) directing the offender to submit to the Minister, on application by the Attorney General of Canada made within three years after the conviction, any information with respect to the offender’s activities that the court considers appropriate in the circumstances;\n(g) directing the offender to compensate the Minister, in whole or in part, for the cost of any remedial or preventive measure taken by the Minister as a result of the act or omission that constituted the offence;\n(h) directing the offender to perform community service, subject to any reasonable conditions that may be imposed by the court;\n(i) directing the offender to pay an amount that the court considers appropriate for the purpose of conducting research; and\n(j) requiring the offender to comply with any other conditions that the court considers appropriate in the circumstances for securing the offender’s good conduct and for preventing the offender from repeating the same offence or committing another offence under this Act.\n(2) [Coming into force and duration of order] An order made under section 79 or subsection (1) comes into force on the day on which the order is made or on any other day that the court determines but may not continue in force for more than three years after that day.\n(3) [Publication] If an offender does not comply with an order requiring the publication of facts relating to the offence, the Minister may publish the facts and recover the costs of publication from the offender.\n(4) [Debt due to Her Majesty] If the court orders the offender to compensate the Minister or if the Minister incurs publication costs under paragraph (1)(g) or subsection (3), the costs incurred by the Minister constitute a debt due to Her Majesty in right of Canada and may be recovered in a court of competent jurisdiction.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 80",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-80.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s81",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "81",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Immigration and Refugee Protection Act",
+    "text": "81 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 81",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-81.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s82",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "82",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Repeal",
+    "text": "82 [Repeal]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-12-12",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 82",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-82.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s83",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "83",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Coordinating Amendment",
+    "text": "83 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2005-05-13",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. 83",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-83.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "Q-1.1-s*84",
+    "act_code": "Q-1.1",
+    "act_short": "Quarantine Act",
+    "act_name": "Quarantine Act",
+    "section": "*84",
+    "marginal_note": "Order in council",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Coming into Force",
+    "text": "*84 The provisions of this Act, other than section 83, come into force on a day or days to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council.\n* [Note: Act, other than section 34, and other than section 83 in force on assent May 13, 2005, in force December 12, 2006, see SI/2006-143; section 34 in force June 22, 2007, see 2007, c. 27, s. 5.]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2007-06-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-04-01",
+    "citation": "Quarantine Act, s. *84",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/q-1.1/section-*84.html"
+  }
+]

data/processed/S-6.9.json

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s1",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "1",
+    "marginal_note": "Short title",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Short Title",
+    "text": "1 This Act may be cited as the Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 20, s. 2 “1”; 2019, c. 13, s. 114(E)",
+    "last_amended": "2019-06-21",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s2",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "2",
+    "marginal_note": "Definitions",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Interpretation",
+    "text": "2\n(1) The following definitions apply in this Act.\nactivity that undermines the security of Canada means any activity that undermines the sovereignty, security or territorial integrity of Canada or threatens the lives or the security of people in Canada or of any individual who has a connection to Canada and who is outside Canada. For greater certainty, it includes\n(a) interference with the capability of the Government of Canada in relation to intelligence, defence, border operations or public safety;\n(b) changing or unduly influencing a government in Canada by force or unlawful means;\n(c) espionage, sabotage or covert foreign-influenced activities;\n(d) terrorism;\n(e) proliferation of nuclear, chemical, radiological or biological weapons;\n(f) significant or widespread interference with critical infrastructure;\n(g) significant or widespread interference with the global information infrastructure, as defined in section 2 of the Communications Security Establishment Act; and\n(h) conduct that takes place in Canada and that undermines the security of another state. (activité portant atteinte à la sécurité du Canada)\n(i) [Repealed, 2019, c. 13, s. 115]\nGovernment of Canada institution means\n(a) a government institution — as defined in section 3 of the Privacy Act — other than one that is listed in Schedule 1; or\n(b) an institution that is listed in Schedule 2. (institution fédérale)\npeople of Canada[Repealed, 2019, c. 13, s. 115]\n(2) [Exception] For the purposes of this Act, advocacy, protest, dissent or artistic expression is not an activity that undermines the security of Canada unless carried on in conjunction with an activity that undermines the security of Canada.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 20, s. 2 “2”; 2019, c. 13, s. 89; 2019, c. 13, s. 115",
+    "last_amended": "2019-08-01",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s3",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "3",
+    "marginal_note": "Purpose",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Purpose and Principles",
+    "text": "3 The purpose of this Act is to encourage and facilitate the disclosure of information between Government of Canada institutions in order to protect Canada against activities that undermine the security of Canada.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 20, s. 2 “3”; 2019, c. 13, s. 116(E)",
+    "last_amended": "2019-06-21",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s4",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "4",
+    "marginal_note": "Guiding principles",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Purpose and Principles",
+    "text": "4 The disclosure of information under this Act is to be guided by the following principles:\n(a) effective and responsible disclosure of information protects Canada and Canadians;\n(b) respect for caveats on and originator control over disclosed information is consistent with effective and responsible disclosure of information;\n(c) entry into an information-sharing arrangement is appropriate when a Government of Canada institution regularly discloses information to the same Government of Canada institution;\n(d) the provision of feedback as to how disclosed information is used and as to whether it is useful in protecting against activities that undermine the security of Canada facilitates effective and responsible information disclosure; and\n(e) only those within an institution who exercise its jurisdiction or carry out its responsibilities in respect of activities that undermine the security of Canada ought to receive information that is disclosed under this Act.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 20, s. 2 “4”; 2019, c. 13, s. 117",
+    "last_amended": "2019-06-21",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 4",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-4.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s5",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "5",
+    "marginal_note": "Disclosure of information to institution listed in Schedule 3",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disclosure of Information",
+    "text": "5\n(1) Subject to any provision of any other Act of Parliament, or of any regulation made under such an Act, that prohibits or restricts the disclosure of information, a Government of Canada institution may, on its own initiative or on request, disclose information to the head of a recipient Government of Canada institution whose title is listed in Schedule 3, or to a person designated by the head of that recipient institution, if the disclosing institution is satisfied that\n(a) the disclosure will contribute to the exercise of the recipient institution’s jurisdiction, or the carrying out of its responsibilities, under an Act of Parliament or another lawful authority, in respect of activities that undermine the security of Canada; and\n(b) the disclosure will not affect any person’s privacy interest more than is reasonably necessary in the circumstances.\n(2) [Statement regarding accuracy and reliability] An institution that discloses information under subsection (1) must, at the time of the disclosure, also provide information regarding its accuracy and the reliability of the manner in which it was obtained.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 20, s. 2 “5”; 2019, c. 13, s. 118",
+    "last_amended": "2019-06-21",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 5",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-5.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s5.1",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "5.1",
+    "marginal_note": "Requirement to destroy or return",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disclosure of Information",
+    "text": "5.1\n(1) A Government of Canada institution must, as soon as feasible after receiving it under section 5, destroy or return any personal information, as defined in section 3 of the Privacy Act, that is not necessary for the institution to exercise its jurisdiction, or to carry out its responsibilities, under an Act of Parliament or another lawful authority, in respect of activities that undermine the security of Canada.\n(2) [Exception] Subsection (1) does not apply if the retention of the information is required by law.\n(3) [Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act] Subsection (1) does not apply to the Canadian Security Intelligence Service in respect of any information that relates to the performance of its duties and functions under section 12 of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act.",
+    "history": "2019, c. 13, s. 118",
+    "last_amended": "2019-06-21",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 5.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-5.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s6",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "6",
+    "marginal_note": "Clarification",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disclosure of Information",
+    "text": "6 Nothing in section 5 or 5.1 is to be construed as authorizing the collection or use of any information that is disclosed under section 5.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 20, s. 2 “6”; 2019, c. 13, s. 118",
+    "last_amended": "2019-06-21",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 6",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-6.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s7",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "7",
+    "marginal_note": "No presumption",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disclosure of Information",
+    "text": "7 The act of disclosing information under this Act does not create a presumption\n(a) that the disclosing institution is conducting a joint investigation or decision-making process with the recipient institution and therefore has the same obligations, if any, as the recipient institution to disclose or produce information for the purposes of a proceeding; or\n(b) that there has been a waiver of any privilege, or of any requirement to obtain consent, for the purposes of any other disclosure of that information either in a proceeding or to an institution that is not a Government of Canada institution.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2015-08-01",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 7",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-7.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s7.1",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "7.1",
+    "marginal_note": "Clarification",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disclosure of Information",
+    "text": "7.1 For greater certainty, for the purpose of paragraph 8(2)(b) of the Privacy Act, the authority in this Act to disclose information includes the authority to disclose personal information, as defined in section 3 of the Privacy Act.",
+    "history": "2019, c. 13, s. 118.1",
+    "last_amended": "2019-06-21",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 7.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-7.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s8",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "8",
+    "marginal_note": "Non-derogation",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disclosure of Information",
+    "text": "8 Nothing in this Act limits or affects any authority to disclose information under another Act of Parliament or a provincial Act, at common law or under the royal prerogative.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2015-08-01",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 8",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-8.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s9",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "9",
+    "marginal_note": "Obligation — disclosing institution",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Record Keeping",
+    "text": "9\n(1) Every Government of Canada institution that discloses information under this Act must prepare and keep records that set out\n(a) a description of the information;\n(b) the name of the individual who authorized its disclosure;\n(c) the name of the recipient Government of Canada institution;\n(d) the date on which it was disclosed;\n(e) a description of the information that was relied on to satisfy the disclosing institution that the disclosure was authorized under this Act; and\n(f) any other information specified by the regulations.\n(2) [Obligation — recipient institution] Every Government of Canada institution that receives information under this Act must prepare and keep records that set out\n(a) a description of the information;\n(b) the name of the institution that disclosed it;\n(c) the name or position of the head of the recipient institution — or of the person designated by the head — who received the information;\n(d) the date on which it was received by the recipient institution;\n(e) whether the information has been destroyed or returned under subsection 5.1(1);\n(f) if the information has been destroyed under subsection 5.1(1), the date on which it was destroyed;\n(g) if the information was returned under subsection 5.1(1) to the institution that disclosed it, the date on which it was returned; and\n(h) any other information specified by the regulations.\n(3) [Copy to National Security and Intelligence Review Agency] Within 30 days after the end of each calendar year, every Government of Canada institution that disclosed information under section 5 during the year and every Government of Canada institution that received such information must provide the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency with a copy of every record it prepared under subsection (1) or (2), as the case may be, with respect to the information.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 20, s. 2 “9”; 2019, c. 13, s. 119",
+    "last_amended": "2019-07-12",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 9",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-9.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "S-6.9-s10",
+    "act_code": "S-6.9",
+    "act_short": "SCIDA",
+    "act_name": "Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act",
+    "section": "10",
+    "marginal_note": "Regulations",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Powers of Governor in Council",
+    "text": "10\n(1) The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, make regulations for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act, including regulations\n(a) respecting the manner of disclosure under section 5;\n(b) specifying information for the purposes of paragraph 9(1)(f) or (2)(f); and\n(c) respecting the manner in which records that are required by subsection 9(1) or (2) are to be prepared and kept and specifying the period during which they are to be kept.\n(2) [Amendments to Schedules 1 and 2] The Governor in Council may make an order adding the name of an institution to Schedule 1 or 2 or deleting one from either of those Schedules.\n(3) [Amendments to Schedule 3] The Governor in Council may make an order adding the name of a Government of Canada institution and the title of its head to Schedule 3, deleting the name of an institution and the title of its head from that Schedule or amending the name of an institution or the title of a head that is listed in that Schedule. An addition is authorized only if the institution has jurisdiction or responsibilities under an Act of Parliament or another lawful authority in respect of activities that undermine the security of Canada.",
+    "history": "2015, c. 20, s. 2 “10”; 2019, c. 13, s. 120",
+    "last_amended": "2019-07-12",
+    "current_to": "2023-12-15",
+    "citation": "SCIDA, s. 10",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/s-6.9/section-10.html"
+  }
+]

data/processed/SOR-2002-412.json

@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s1",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "1",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Interpretation",
+    "text": "1\n(1) The following definitions apply in the Act and these Regulations.\ncourier means a commercial carrier that is engaged in scheduled international transportation of shipments of goods other than goods imported or exported as mail. (messager)\nmonetary instruments means the following instruments in bearer form or in such other form as title to them passes on delivery, namely,\n(a) securities, including stocks, bonds, debentures and treasury bills; and\n(b) negotiable instruments, including bank drafts, cheques, promissory notes, travellers’ cheques and money orders, other than warehouse receipts or bills of lading.\nFor greater certainty, this definition does not apply to securities or negotiable instruments that bear restrictive endorsements or a stamp for the purposes of clearing. (effets)\n(2) The following definitions apply in these Regulations.\nAct means the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act. (Loi)\ncargo ship means a commercial vessel that is engaged in international transportation of shipments of goods other than goods imported or exported as mail. (navire de charge)\ncommercial passenger conveyance means a conveyance that is used to carry passengers who have paid for passage. (moyen de transport commercial de passagers)\nconveyance means any vehicle, aircraft or water-borne craft, or other contrivance that is used to move persons, goods, currency or monetary instruments. (moyen de transport)\ncruise ship means a commercial vessel that has sleeping facilities for over 70 persons who are not crew members but does not include a vessel engaged in passenger or cargo ferry service. (navire de croisière)\ncurrency means coins referred to in section 7 of the Currency Act, notes issued by the Bank of Canada under the Bank of Canada Act that are intended for circulation in Canada or coins or bank notes of countries other than Canada. (espèces)\nemergency means a medical emergency, fire, flood or other disaster that threatens life, property or the environment. (urgence)\nnon-commercial passenger conveyance means a conveyance that does not have aboard any person who has paid for passage and includes corporate aircraft, private aircraft and marine pleasure craft. (moyen de transport non commercial de passagers)\ntransfer agent means a person or entity appointed by a corporation to maintain records of stock, debenture and bond owners, to cancel and issue certificates and to send out dividend cheques. (agent de transfert)",
+    "history": "SOR/2003-358, s. 25; SOR/2019-240, s. 50; 2024, c. 17, s. 348",
+    "last_amended": "2024-07-01",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s2",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "2",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Minimum Value of Currency or Monetary Instruments",
+    "text": "2\n(1) For the purposes of subsection 12(1) of the Act, the prescribed amount is $10,000.\n(2) The amount is in Canadian dollars, or in its equivalent in a foreign currency using\n(a) the exchange rate that is published by the Bank of Canada for that foreign currency and that is in effect at the time of the importation or exportation; or\n(b) if no exchange rate is published by the Bank of Canada for that foreign currency, the exchange rate that the person or entity would use in the ordinary course of business at the time of the importation or exportation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2019-240, s. 51",
+    "last_amended": "2020-06-01",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s3",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "3",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Manner of Reporting",
+    "text": "3 Subject to subsections 4(3) and (3.1) and section 8, a report with respect to the importation or exportation of currency or monetary instruments shall\n(a) be made in writing;\n(b) contain the information referred to\n(i) in Schedule 1, in the case of a report made by the person described in paragraph 12(3)(a) of the Act, if that person is not transporting on behalf of an entity or other person,\n(ii) in Schedule 2, in the case of a report made by the person described in paragraph 12(3)(a) of the Act, if that person is transporting on behalf of an entity or other person,\n(iii) in Schedule 2, in the case of a report made by the person or entity described in paragraph 12(3)(b), (c) or (e) of the Act, and\n(iv) in Schedule 3, in the case of a report made by the person described in paragraph 12(3)(d) of the Act;\n(c) contain a declaration that the statements made in the report are true, accurate and complete; and\n(d) be signed and dated by the person or entity described in paragraph 12(3)(a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) of the Act, as applicable.",
+    "history": "SOR/2002-412, s. 19; SOR/2019-240, s. 53",
+    "last_amended": "2020-06-01",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s3.1",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "3.1",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Manner of Reporting",
+    "text": "3.1 For greater certainty, although items in Schedules 1 to 3 are described in the singular, a person or entity shall report all known information that falls within an item.",
+    "history": "SOR/2019-240, s. 54",
+    "last_amended": "2020-06-01",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 3.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-3.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s4",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "4",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Importation Reporting",
+    "text": "4\n(1) Subject to subsections (2) to (5) and section 9, a report with respect to currency or monetary instruments transported by a person arriving in Canada shall be submitted without delay by the person at the customs office located at the place of importation or, if it is not open for business at the time of importation, at the nearest customs office that is open for business at that time.\n(2) A report with respect to currency or monetary instruments transported by a person arriving in Canada on board a commercial passenger conveyance who has as their destination another place in Canada at which there is a customs office may be submitted without delay by the person at that customs office or, if it is not open for business at the time of importation, at the nearest customs office that is open for business at that time, on condition that\n(a) the person does not disembark from the conveyance at the place of arrival in Canada and the currency or monetary instruments are not removed from the conveyance at that place, other than to be transferred under customs control directly to a commercial passenger conveyance for departure to the other place in Canada or directly to a holding area designated as such for the purposes of the Presentation of Persons (Customs) Regulations; and\n(b) if the person and currency or monetary instruments are transferred under customs control directly to a designated holding area, the person does not leave and the currency or monetary instruments are not removed from that area, other than to board or to be loaded on board a commercial passenger conveyance for departure to the other place in Canada.\n(3) A report with respect to currency or monetary instruments transported by a person arriving in Canada on board a non-commercial passenger conveyance at a customs office where, under the Customs Act, customs reporting may be done by radio or telephone may be submitted by radio or telephone to an officer by that person or the person in charge of the conveyance at that location, on condition that\n(a) when the person informs the officer of their arrival for the purposes of section 11 of the Customs Act, they provide the information referred to in Schedule 1, 2 or 3, as applicable; and\n(b) on the officer’s request, they present themselves and make available for examination the currency or monetary instruments at the time and place specified by the officer.\n(3.1) A report with respect to currency or monetary instruments transported by a person arriving in Canada on board a non-commercial passenger conveyance, at a customs office where the person is authorized in accordance with the Presentation of Persons (2003) Regulations to present in an alternative manner, may be submitted to an officer by telephone, by that person or the person in charge of the conveyance before arriving in Canada, on condition that\n(a) when the person informs the officer of their arrival for the purposes of section 11 of the Customs Act, they provide the information referred to in Schedule 1, 2 or 3, as applicable; and\n(b) on the officer’s request, they present themselves and make available for examination the currency or monetary instruments on arrival in Canada at the time and place specified by the officer.\n(4) A report with respect to currency or monetary instruments transported by a freight train crew member arriving in Canada on board the freight train shall be submitted without delay by the crew member at the customs office specified by the officer when the crew member presents himself or herself in accordance with section 11 of the Customs Act.\n(5) A report with respect to currency or monetary instruments that are transported by courier into Canada on board an aircraft and that have as their destination another place in Canada at which there is a customs office, shall be submitted at the customs office located at the airport of destination shown on the air waybill, on condition that\n(a) the currency or monetary instruments are not removed from the aircraft at the place of arrival, other than to be transferred under customs control directly to a holding area designated as such for the purposes of the Presentation of Persons (Customs) Regulations; and\n(b) if the currency or monetary instruments are transferred under customs control directly to a designated holding area, they are not removed from that area, other than to be loaded on board an aircraft for departure to the other place in Canada.",
+    "history": "SOR/2002-412, s. 20",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 4",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-4.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s5",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "5",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Importation Reporting",
+    "text": "5 Subject to section 10, a report made by an exporter with respect to the importation of currency or monetary instruments by mail shall be made by\n(a) including inside the mail item an importation report with respect to the currency or monetary instruments; and\n(b) affixing the customs declaration form required by the Universal Postal Convention, as amended from time to time, to the outside of the mail item and indicating that it contains currency or monetary instruments.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 5",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-5.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s6",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "6",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Importation Reporting",
+    "text": "6 A report made with respect to the importation of currency or monetary instruments that have been retained under section 14 of the Act shall be submitted by the person or entity to whom the notice was given at the customs office indicated on the notice.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 6",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-6.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s7",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "7",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Importation Reporting",
+    "text": "7 A report with respect to the importation of currency or monetary instruments, other than one referred to in sections 4 to 6, shall be submitted without delay at the customs office that is open for business at the time of the importation and that is nearest to the place of importation.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 7",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-7.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s8",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "8",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Importation Reporting",
+    "text": "8 In an emergency, the person in charge of a conveyance who must unload currency or monetary instruments from the conveyance before being able to make or submit an importation report in accordance with these Regulations may submit the importation report by telephone or other expedient means and, as soon as possible after that, shall make or submit a report in accordance with these Regulations.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 8",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-8.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s9",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "9",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Exceptions to Importation Reporting",
+    "text": "9\n(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), currency or monetary instruments transported by a person arriving in Canada on board a commercial passenger conveyance who has as their destination a place outside Canada are not required to be reported under subsection 12(1) of the Act, on condition that\n(a) the person does not disembark from the conveyance in Canada and the currency or monetary instruments are not removed from the conveyance in Canada other than to be transferred under customs control directly to a commercial passenger conveyance for departure to the place outside Canada or directly to a holding area designated as such for the purposes of the Presentation of Persons (Customs) Regulations; and\n(b) if the person and currency or monetary instruments are transferred under customs control directly to a designated holding area, the person does not leave and the currency or monetary instruments are not removed from that area other than to board or be loaded on board a commercial passenger conveyance for departure to the place outside Canada.\n(2) Subject to subsection (3), currency or monetary instruments that are transported by courier into Canada on board a conveyance and that have as their destination a place outside Canada are not required to be reported under subsection 12(1) of the Act, on condition that\n(a) the currency or monetary instruments are not removed from the conveyance at the place of arrival, other than to be transferred under customs control directly to a holding area designated as such for the purposes of the Presentation of Persons (Customs) Regulations; and\n(b) if the currency or monetary instruments are transferred under customs control directly to a designated holding area, they are not removed from that area, other than to be loaded on board a conveyance for departure to the place outside of Canada.\n(3) Currency or monetary instruments that are transported into Canada on board a cruise ship or cargo ship and that have as their destination a place outside Canada are not required to be reported under subsection 12(1) of the Act, on condition that the currency or monetary instruments are not removed from the cruise ship or cargo ship while it is in Canada.",
+    "history": "SOR/2003-358, s. 26",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 9",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-9.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s10",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "10",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Exceptions to Importation Reporting",
+    "text": "10 A person or entity is not required to make a report under subsection 12(1) of the Act with respect to the importation of currency or monetary instruments that are mailed from a location outside Canada to a destination outside Canada but that transit through Canada in the course of post, on condition that they will not leave the course of post until after they have left Canada.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 10",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-10.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s11",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "11",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Exportation Reporting",
+    "text": "11 A report with respect to currency or monetary instruments transported by a person departing from Canada shall be submitted without delay by the person at the customs office located at the place of exportation or, if it is not open for business at the time of exportation, at the nearest customs office that is open for business at that time.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 11",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-11.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s12",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "12",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Exportation Reporting",
+    "text": "12 A report required to be made by an exporter with respect to the exportation by mail of currency or monetary instruments shall be made by\n(a) including an exportation report inside the mail item; and\n(b) mailing or submitting, at or before the time when the currency or monetary instruments are mailed, a copy of the exportation report to the customs office that is located nearest to the point at which the item was mailed.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 12",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-12.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s13",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "13",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Exportation Reporting",
+    "text": "13 A report made with respect to the exportation of currency or monetary instruments that have been retained under section 14 of the Act shall be submitted by the person or entity to whom the notice was given at the customs office indicated on the notice.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 13",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-13.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s14",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "14",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Exportation Reporting",
+    "text": "14 A report with respect to the exportation of currency or monetary instruments, other than one referred to in sections 11 to 13, shall be submitted without delay at the customs office that is open for business at the time of exportation and that is nearest to the place of exportation.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 14",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-14.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s15",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "15",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Exception Applicable to the Bank of Canada",
+    "text": "15 A person or entity is not required to make a report under subsection 12(1) of the Act with respect to the importation or exportation of currency by or on behalf of the Bank of Canada for the purposes of the distribution, processing, or testing of banknotes intended for circulation in Canada.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 15",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-15.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s15.1",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "15.1",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Exemption Applicable to Imported Shares",
+    "text": "15.1 A person or entity is not required to make a report under subsection 12(1) of the Act with respect to stocks, bonds and debentures imported into Canada by courier or as mail if the importer is a financial entity or a securities dealer as defined in subsection 1(2) of the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Regulations or a transfer agent.",
+    "history": "SOR/2003-358, s. 27",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 15.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-15.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s16",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "16",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Retention",
+    "text": "16\n(1) For the purposes of subsection 14(1) of the Act, an officer shall give the person or entity written notice in person or, if the person is not present, shall send the notice by registered mail to the person’s latest known address.\n(2) For the purposes of subsection 14(2) of the Act, the notice is to be given within 60 days after the day on which the currency or monetary instruments are imported or exported, as the case may be.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 16",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-16.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s17",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "17",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Retention",
+    "text": "17 The prescribed retention period, for the purposes of subsection 14(1) of Act, is\n(a) in the case of importation or exportation by courier or as mail, 30 days after the day on which the retention notice is given or sent; and\n(b) in any other case, seven days after the day on which the retention notice is given or sent.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 17",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-17.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s18",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "18",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Penalties",
+    "text": "18 For the purposes of subsection 18(2) of the Act, the prescribed amount of the penalty is equal to\n(a) 5% of the value of the seized currency or monetary instruments, up to a maximum of $2,500, in the case of a person or entity who\n(i) has not concealed the currency or monetary instruments,\n(ii) has made a full disclosure of the facts concerning the currency or monetary instruments on their discovery, and\n(iii) has no previous seizures under the Act;\n(b) 25% of the value of the seized currency or monetary instruments, in the case of a person or entity who\n(i) has concealed the currency or monetary instruments, other than by means of using a false compartment in a conveyance, or who has made a false statement with respect to the currency or monetary instruments, or\n(ii) has a previous seizure under the Act, other than in respect of any type of concealment or for making false statements with respect to the currency or monetary instruments; and\n(c) 50% of the value of the seized currency or monetary instruments, in the case of a person or entity who\n(i) has concealed the currency or monetary instruments by using a false compartment in a conveyance, or\n(ii) has a previous seizure under the Act for any type of concealment or for making a false statement with respect to the currency or monetary instruments.",
+    "history": "SOR/2023-193, s. 35",
+    "last_amended": "2023-09-26",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 18",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-18.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s19 to 23",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "19 to 23",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Penalties",
+    "text": "19 to 23 [Amendments]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 19 to 23",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-19 to 23.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2002-412-s24",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2002-412",
+    "act_short": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs",
+    "act_name": "Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations",
+    "section": "24",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Coming into Force",
+    "text": "24\n(1) Subject to subsection (2), these Regulations come into force on January 6, 2003.\n(2) Sections 19 to 23 come into force on the day on which the Presentation of Persons (2003) Regulations come into force.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2024-07-23",
+    "citation": "Cross-border Currency Reporting Regs, s. 24",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-412/section-24.html"
+  }
+]

data/processed/SOR-2012-230.json

@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s1",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "1",
+    "marginal_note": "Definitions",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Interpretation",
+    "text": "1 The following definitions apply in these Regulations.\nAct means the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. (Loi)\nlisted substance means a substance set out in Schedule 1 to the Benzodiazepines and Other Targeted Substances Regulations, the schedule to Part G of the Food and Drug Regulations or the schedule to the Narcotic Control Regulations, and includes anything that contains the substance. (substance inscrite)\nmidwife means a person who is registered and entitled under the laws of a province to practise midwifery and who is practising midwifery in that province. (sage-femme)\nnurse practitioner means a person who is registered and entitled under the laws of a province to practise as a nurse practitioner or an equivalent designation and who is practising as a nurse practitioner or an equivalent designation in that province. For the purpose of this definition, a designation is equivalent when it designates a person who\n(a) is a registered nurse;\n(b) possesses additional educational preparation and experience related to health care;\n(c) can autonomously make diagnoses, order and interpret diagnostic tests, prescribe drugs and perform other specific procedures under the laws of a province; and\n(d) is practising their profession in accordance with, for example, the following provincial laws, as amended from time to time:\n(i) the Extended Practice Regulation, Man. Reg. 43/2005, made under The Registered Nurses Act of Manitoba, C.C.S.M., c. R40,\n(ii) Ontario Regulation 275/94, made under the Nursing Act, 1991 of Ontario, S.O. 1991, c. 32, or\n(iii) the Regulation respecting Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec classes of specialities related to the performance of acts contemplated in section 36.1 of the Nurses Act, R.R.Q., c. I-8, r. 8, made under the Nurses Act of Quebec, R.S.Q., c. I-8. (infirmier praticien)\npodiatrist means a person who is registered and entitled under the laws of a province to practise podiatry or chiropody and who is practising podiatry or chiropody in that province. (podiatre)",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s2",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "2",
+    "marginal_note": "Classes",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "New Classes of Practitioners Prescribed",
+    "text": "2 For the purpose of the definition practitioner in subsection 2(1) of the Act, the following classes of persons are prescribed:\n(a) midwives;\n(b) nurse practitioners; and\n(c) podiatrists.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s3",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "3",
+    "marginal_note": "Permitted activities",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Permitted Activities and Exclusions",
+    "text": "3 Subject to section 4, a midwife, nurse practitioner or podiatrist, as a practitioner, may prescribe or possess a listed substance, or conduct an activity with a listed substance, in accordance with the Benzodiazepines and Other Targeted Substances Regulations, Part G of the Food and Drug Regulations or the Narcotic Control Regulations if they are permitted to prescribe, in their practice under the laws of the province in which they are registered and entitled to practise, that substance.",
+    "history": "SOR/2013-119, s. 251; SOR/2016-230, s. 280; SOR/2018-147, s. 31",
+    "last_amended": "2018-10-17",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s4",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "4",
+    "marginal_note": "Exclusions — midwife or podiatrist",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Permitted Activities and Exclusions",
+    "text": "4\n(1) In respect of a midwife or podiatrist, a listed substance excludes a substance set out in\n(a) the definition designated drug in subsection G.04.001(1) of the Food and Drug Regulations;\n(b) item 1 of Part III of the schedule to Part G of the Food and Drug Regulations; and\n(c) any of subitems 1(1) and (10), 2(1), 5(4) and 10(1) of the schedule to the Narcotic Control Regulations.\n(2) [Exclusions — nurse practitioner] In respect of a nurse practitioner, a listed substance excludes a substance set out in\n(a) item 1 of Part III of the schedule to Part G of the Food and Drug Regulations, except for subitem (40); and\n(b) subitem 1(1) or 2(1) of the schedule to the Narcotic Control Regulations.",
+    "history": "SOR/2013-119, s. 252; SOR/2013-172, s. 10; SOR/2016-239, s. 9; SOR/2018-37, s. 8; SOR/2018-147, s. 32",
+    "last_amended": "2018-10-17",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 4",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-4.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s5",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "5",
+    "marginal_note": "Inconsistency",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Inconsistency with other Regulations",
+    "text": "5 In the event of any inconsistency between these Regulations and the Benzodiazepines and Other Targeted Substances Regulations, Part G of the Food and Drug Regulations or the Narcotic Control Regulations, these Regulations prevail to the extent of the inconsistency.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 5",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-5.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s6",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "6",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Food and Drug Regulations",
+    "text": "6 [Amendments]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 6",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-6.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s7",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "7",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Food and Drug Regulations",
+    "text": "7 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 7",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-7.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s8",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "8",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Food and Drug Regulations",
+    "text": "8 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 8",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-8.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s9",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "9",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Food and Drug Regulations",
+    "text": "9 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 9",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-9.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s10",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "10",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Food and Drug Regulations",
+    "text": "10 [Amendments]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 10",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-10.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s11",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "11",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Food and Drug Regulations",
+    "text": "11 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 11",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-11.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s12",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "12",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Food and Drug Regulations",
+    "text": "12 [Amendments]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 12",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-12.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s13",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "13",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Food and Drug Regulations",
+    "text": "13 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 13",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-13.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s14",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "14",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "14 [Amendments]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 14",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-14.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s15",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "15",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "15 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 15",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-15.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s16",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "16",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "16 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 16",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-16.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s17",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "17",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "17 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 17",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-17.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s18",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "18",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "18 [Amendments]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 18",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-18.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s19",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "19",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "19 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 19",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-19.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s20",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "20",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "20 [Amendments]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 20",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-20.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s21",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "21",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "21 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 21",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-21.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s22",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "22",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "22 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 22",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-22.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s23",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "23",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "23 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 23",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-23.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s24",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "24",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Narcotic Control Regulations",
+    "text": "24 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 24",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-24.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s25",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "25",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Benzodiazepines and Other Targeted Substances Regulations",
+    "text": "25 [Amendments]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 25",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-25.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s26",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "26",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Benzodiazepines and Other Targeted Substances Regulations",
+    "text": "26 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 26",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-26.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s27",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "27",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Benzodiazepines and Other Targeted Substances Regulations",
+    "text": "27 [Amendment]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 27",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-27.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s28",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "28",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Transitional Provisions",
+    "text": "28 [Transitional Provisions]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. 28",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-28.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-2012-230-s*29",
+    "act_code": "SOR-2012-230",
+    "act_short": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs",
+    "act_name": "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations",
+    "section": "*29",
+    "marginal_note": "Publication",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Coming into Force",
+    "text": "*29 These Regulations come into force on the day on which they are published in the Canada Gazette, Part II.\n* [Note: Regulations in force November 21, 2012.]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2012-11-01",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "New Classes of Practitioners Regs, s. *29",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2012-230/section-*29.html"
+  }
+]

data/processed/SOR-95-212.json

@@ -0,0 +1,1039 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s1",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "1",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "",
+    "text": "1 [Repealed, SOR/2025-236, s. 2]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2025-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s2",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "2",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Interpretation",
+    "text": "2 In these Regulations,\nAct means the Plant Protection Act; (Loi)\nactivity, in respect of a thing, means the processing, handling, packaging, labelling, distributing, sale, disposition, loading, unloading, movement, use, treatment, preservation, safeguarding or storage of the thing, and includes any activity referred to in subsection 6(1) of the Act; (activité)\nAgency means the Canadian Food Inspection Agency established by section 3 of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act; (Agence)\ninfested means that a pest is present in or on a thing or place or that the thing or place is so exposed to a pest that one can reasonably suspect that the pest is in or on the thing or place; (infesté) (parasité)\nMovement Certificate means a document, issued pursuant to the Act and signed by an inspector, that authorizes the movement of things within Canada or from Canada to a foreign destination; (certificat de circulation)\npermit means a permit to import a thing issued by the Minister pursuant to subsection 32(1) or 43(1); (permis)\npest risk assessment means a pest risk assessment conducted by the Minister in accordance with the principles of the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures, Part I — Import Regulations, Guidelines for Pest Risk analysis, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, as amended from time to time, with the definition pest in those guidelines being replaced by the definition pest in section 3 of the Act, for the purpose of\n(a) determining if a thing is a pest, is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest,\n(b) recommending actions, as applicable,\n(i) to prevent the introduction into Canada or the spread within or from Canada of any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest, or\n(ii) to control a pest or to eradicate a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest,\n(c) determining if a thing that is a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest has a significant adverse effect on the environment, and\n(d) minimizing the degradation of environmental quality with respect to Canadian flora; (analyse du risque phytosanitaire)\nquarantine means the confinement of a thing for a period and includes confinement for the purposes of\n(a) observation, inspection, testing or analysis of a thing to determine if the thing is a pest, is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, or\n(b) preventing the spread of a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest; (quarantaine)\nsend includes electronic transmittal and mail. (envoyer)",
+    "history": "SOR/97-292, s. 30; SOR/2003-6, s. 98; SOR/2009-326, s. 1(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2009-12-10",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s3",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "3",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Eradicating and Preventing the Spread of Pests",
+    "text": "3 An inspector may, as appropriate in the circumstances for the purpose of eradicating a pest or preventing its spread, take one or more of the actions that the inspector is authorized to take under the Act or any regulation or order made under the Act if\n(a) after a pest risk assessment, the Minister or an inspector believes on reasonable grounds that a thing is a pest, or a thing or place is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest; and\n(b) the Minister determines that it is necessary and cost-justifiable to take pest control measures.",
+    "history": "SOR/2009-326, s. 2",
+    "last_amended": "2009-12-10",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s4",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "4",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Shipment of Pests",
+    "text": "4 For the purposes of section 5 of the Act, the specimen of a suspected pest that is to be provided to the Minister shall be treated, packaged, contained and moved in such a manner as to prevent the suspected pest from escaping.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 4",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-4.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s5",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "5",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Activities Referred to in Subsection 6(1) of the Act",
+    "text": "5\n(1) For the purposes of subsection 6(1) of the Act, a person may undertake any activity referred to in that subsection in respect of a thing that is a pest, is or could be infested or is or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest if\n(a) the Minister or an inspector determines that the activity is for the purpose of scientific research, educational, processing, industrial or exhibition purposes;\n(b) the person obtains a written authorization issued by the Minister or an inspector in accordance with subsection (2);\n(c) the thing is packaged, transported, handled, controlled and used in a manner that ensures a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest is not spread within or from Canada;\n(d) the thing is moved in accordance with the requirements of Part III; and\n(e) where the thing or any remains of the thing or portion thereof is to be disposed of, the owner or the person having the possession, care or control of the thing, remains or portion thereof disposes of it in a manner that\n(i) ensures that a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest will not spread, and\n(ii) destroys any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest or ensures that the pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest is non-viable.\n(2) Subject to paragraph (1)(a), the Minister or an inspector shall issue a written authorization in respect of any activity referred to in subsection 6(1) of the Act where the Minister or an inspector determines that the person is able and willing to comply with paragraphs (1)(c), (d) and (e) and with the conditions set out in the authorization and will take every precaution to prevent the spread of any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(3) A written authorization referred to in subsection (2) may set out the conditions under which any activity referred to in subsection 6(1) of the Act may be undertaken in respect of the thing to prevent the spread within or from Canada of a pest or a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(4) A person who obtains a written authorization referred to in subsection (2) shall comply with all the conditions set out in the authorization.\n(5) Subject to section 21, a person is not required to obtain a written authorization referred to in paragraph (1)(b) of these Regulations or in subsection 6(2) of the Act where the person is acting for or on behalf of Her Majesty in right of Canada and\n(a) is acting for any of the purposes set out in section 2 of the Act or in respect to the application of the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder; or\n(b) is moving a thing for the purpose of administering any other Act.",
+    "history": "SOR/2002-438, s. 19(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 5",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-5.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s6",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "6",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Seals",
+    "text": "6\n(1) An inspector or a peace officer acting on the request of an inspector may affix a seal to a conveyance or any other thing.\n(2) Each seal shall bear a number and the inscription “CANADA — C.F.I.A./A.C.I.A.”.\n(3) No person, other than an inspector or a person authorized in writing by an inspector, shall have a seal bearing the information referred to in subsection (2) or any facsimile thereof in the person’s possession, custody or control.",
+    "history": "SOR/2000-184, s. 81",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 6",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-6.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s7",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "7",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Seals",
+    "text": "7\n(1) Except as authorized by an inspector pursuant to subsection (2), no person, other than an inspector, shall remove, break, tamper with or alter a seal.\n(2) Where it would be impracticable for an inspector to remove or break a seal, any inspector may authorize any person in writing to do so on the inspector’s behalf.\n(3) An owner or a person having the possession, care or control of a conveyance or any other thing on which a seal is affixed, shall ensure that the seal is not removed, broken, tampered with or altered except in accordance with this section.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 7",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-7.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s8",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "8",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Documents",
+    "text": "8 [Repealed, SOR/2017-94, s. 15]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2017-05-19",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 8",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-8.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s9",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "9",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Documents",
+    "text": "9 [Repealed, SOR/2017-94, s. 15]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2017-05-19",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 9",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-9.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s10",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "10",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Documents",
+    "text": "10\n(1) The Minister may publish a notice setting out the manner in which any document that is required to be provided to the Minister or to an inspector under the Act or under any regulation or order made under the Act is to be prepared and provided.\n(2) A document referred to in subsection (1) must be prepared and provided in the manner set out in the notice, unless the provision of the document is required by an inspector who specifies a different manner.\n(3) If a document referred to in subsection (1) that is provided to the Minister or an inspector is not the original of the document, the original must, if requested, be provided within a reasonable period.",
+    "history": "SOR/2007-48, s. 1; SOR/2025-236, s. 3",
+    "last_amended": "2025-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 10",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-10.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s11",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "11",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Quarantine",
+    "text": "11\n(1) Where the Minister or an inspector believes on reasonable grounds that a thing is a pest or that a period is required to determine if a thing is a pest, is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, any inspector may require that the thing be quarantined.\n(2) Where an inspector quarantines a thing, any inspector may specify in writing the period of the quarantine and the conditions necessary for the purpose of detecting a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest or preventing or controlling the spread of a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest.",
+    "history": "SOR/2009-326, s. 3(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2009-12-10",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 11",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-11.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s12",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "12",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Quarantine",
+    "text": "12\n(1) Where a thing is quarantined,\n(a) an inspector shall send or personally deliver a notice of quarantine to the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing, unless it is specified in a permit that the thing is to be quarantined; and\n(b) any inspector may attach a quarantine tag to the thing or its container.\n(2) A quarantine tag, if any, shall bear the same quarantine number as the notice of quarantine or, where specified in the permit that a thing be quarantined, the quarantine tag shall bear the permit number.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 12",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-12.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s13",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "13",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Quarantine",
+    "text": "13\n(1) Except as authorized by an inspector pursuant to subsection (2), no person, other than an inspector, shall\n(a) alter, deface or erase any information on a notice of quarantine or a quarantine tag; or\n(b) remove a quarantine tag.\n(2) Where it would be impracticable for an inspector to remove a quarantine tag, any inspector may authorize a person in writing to do so on the inspector’s behalf.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 13",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-13.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s14",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "14",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Quarantine",
+    "text": "14\n(1) Subject to subsection (2), where an inspector has quarantined a thing, no person shall undertake any activity in respect of the thing except in accordance with the conditions, and for the period, specified pursuant to subsection 11(2).\n(2) Any inspector may authorize an activity in respect of a thing referred to in subsection (1) where the activity is necessary in order to carry out the quarantine or would not adversely affect the quarantine.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 14",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-14.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s15",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "15",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Quarantine",
+    "text": "15\n(1) An inspector shall release from quarantine a thing or portion of the thing where an inspector determines that\n(a) the thing or portion is not a pest, or is not or could not be infested;\n(b) the thing or portion does not or could not constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest;\n(c) the pest has been eradicated from the thing or portion; or\n(d) the thing or portion no longer constitutes a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(2) Where an inspector releases a thing or a portion of the thing from quarantine, an inspector shall send or personally deliver a notice of release from quarantine to the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 15",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-15.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s16",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "16",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Investigation or Survey of a Thing or Place",
+    "text": "16\n(1) An inspector may conduct an investigation or survey of a place or any thing in that place in order to detect pests or biological obstacles to the control of pests and to identify areas in which a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest is or could be found.\n(2) Where, as a result of an investigation or a survey conducted by any inspector or any other person, the Minister or an inspector has reasonable grounds to believe that a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest has been detected and an area in which the pest or biological obstacle is or could be found has been identified,\n(a) the Minister or any inspector may describe the area by reference to a map or plan that is publicly available, or by reference to any farm, county, district, municipality, province or any part thereof; and\n(b) the Minister shall take all necessary steps as may be practicable in the circumstances to bring any information relevant to the pest or biological obstacle and the area to the notice of persons likely to be affected by the pest or biological obstacle.",
+    "history": "SOR/2017-94, s. 16",
+    "last_amended": "2017-05-19",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 16",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-16.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s17",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "17",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Treatment or Processing of a Thing or Place",
+    "text": "17\n(1) Where the Minister or an inspector believes on reasonable grounds that a thing is a pest, or a thing or place is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, any inspector may, in order to eradicate, or prevent the spread of, the pest or biological obstacle, decide that the thing or place shall be treated or processed and may determine the treatment or process and manner of treatment or processing.\n(2) Where, pursuant to subsection (1), an inspector decides that a thing or place shall be treated or processed, any inspector may\n(a) treat or process it or cause it to be treated or processed; or\n(b) require the owner or the person having the possession, care or control of the thing or place to treat or process it or cause it to be treated or processed.\n(3) A requirement made pursuant to paragraph (2)(b) shall be communicated by sending or personally delivering a notice in writing to the owner or other person, and the notice may specify the treatment or process, manner of treatment or processing or the date by which the treatment or processing shall be completed.\n(4) An owner or other person who receives a notice referred to in subsection (3) shall ensure that\n(a) the treatment or process is carried out in accordance with the notice and any other instructions issued by an inspector in respect of the treatment or process or manner of treatment or processing of the thing or place; and\n(b) the pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest is eradicated and the spread of the pest or biological obstacle is prevented.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 17",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-17.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s18",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "18",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Treatment or Processing of a Thing or Place after Detention, Confiscation, Forfeiture or Quarantine",
+    "text": "18\n(1) Where, pursuant to section 27, 33 or 35 of the Act, a thing is detained, forfeited or confiscated or where, under these Regulations, a thing is quarantined, an inspector may require the owner or person having the possession, care or control of any thing or place in or on which the thing was contained, detained, forfeited, confiscated, or quarantined to treat or process, or cause to be treated or processed, that thing or place.\n(2) Subsections 17(3) and (4) apply, with such modifications as the circumstances require, where, pursuant to subsection (1), an inspector requires that a thing or place be treated or processed.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 18",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-18.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s19",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "19",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Removal of Persons or Things that Interfere with Treatment",
+    "text": "19 Where a person or thing in any place presents an obstacle to a treatment required under the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder, or may be adversely affected by that treatment, an inspector may orally or in writing require the removal of the person or thing from the place, and the person or the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing shall comply forthwith.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 19",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-19.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s20",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "20",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibiting or Restricting the Use of a Place",
+    "text": "20\n(1) Where an inspector has reasonable grounds to believe that a place is infested, the inspector may prohibit or restrict the use of the place.\n(2) A prohibition or restriction under subsection (1) shall be communicated by sending or personally delivering a written notice to the occupier or owner of the place or, where the inspector cannot, after the exercise of due diligence, find the occupier or owner, by posting the notice at the place in question.\n(3) A prohibition or restriction under subsection (1) takes effect immediately on the communication or posting of the notice and continues during the period specified in the notice or, where no period is specified, indefinitely.",
+    "history": "SOR/2009-326, s. 4; SOR/2017-94, s. 17",
+    "last_amended": "2017-05-19",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 20",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-20.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s21",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "21",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibiting or Restricting Activities",
+    "text": "21\n(1) Where an inspector has reasonable grounds to believe that a thing is a pest, is infested with a pest or constitutes a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, the inspector may, in writing, for the purpose of detecting, eradicating or preventing the spread of the pest or biological obstacle,\n(a) prohibit or restrict any activity in respect of the thing indefinitely or during a specified period; and\n(b) specify conditions respecting the prohibition or restriction.\n(2) A prohibition or restriction referred to in subsection (1) shall be communicated by sending or personally delivering a written notice to the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing or, where an inspector cannot, after the exercise of due diligence, find the owner or that other person, by posting the notice on the thing.\n(3) A prohibition or restriction under subsection (1) takes effect immediately on the communication or posting of the notice and continues during the period specified in the notice or, where no period is specified, indefinitely.",
+    "history": "SOR/2009-326, s. 5; SOR/2017-94, s. 17",
+    "last_amended": "2017-05-19",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 21",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-21.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s22",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "22",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Controlling the Movement of Persons or Things",
+    "text": "22 Where, pursuant to subsection 13(1) of the Act or paragraph 15(3)(d) of the Act, the Minister or an inspector has prohibited or restricted the movement of persons or things within, into or out of any place that has been declared infested, no person shall, except as authorized by an inspector and, in the case of an order made pursuant to paragraph 15(3)(d) of the Act, except in accordance with the prohibition or restriction set out in the order,\n(a) enter, move within or leave the place; or\n(b) move any thing.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 22",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-22.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s23",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "23",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Controlling the Movement of Persons or Things",
+    "text": "23 For the purposes of section 22, an inspector or a peace officer acting on the request of an inspector may\n(a) control the movement of any person within or about to enter or leave a place that has been declared infested; or\n(b) issue a written notice directing the movement of any thing to a specified place for the purpose of complying with the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 23",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-23.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s24",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "24",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Seizure and Detention",
+    "text": "24\n(1) Where an inspector seizes and detains any thing under section 27 of the Act,\n(a) an inspector shall send or personally deliver a notice of detention to the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing; and\n(b) any inspector may attach a detention tag to the thing or its container.\n(2) A detention tag, if any, shall bear the same detention number as the notice of detention.",
+    "history": "SOR/2009-326, s. 6(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2009-12-10",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 24",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-24.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s25",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "25",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Seizure and Detention",
+    "text": "25\n(1) Except as authorized by an inspector pursuant to subsection (2) or (3), no person, other than an inspector, shall\n(a) alter, deface or erase any information on a notice of detention or a detention tag;\n(b) remove a detention tag; or\n(c) undertake any activity in respect of a thing that is detained.\n(2) Where it would be impracticable for an inspector to remove a detention tag, any inspector may authorize a person in writing to do so on the inspector’s behalf.\n(3) An inspector may authorize an activity referred to in paragraph (1)(c) where the activity is necessary in order to detect, eradicate, or prevent the spread of a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 25",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-25.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s26",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "26",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Seizure and Detention",
+    "text": "26\n(1) Where, in accordance with subsection 32(1) of the Act, a thing or any proceeds realized from its disposition may no longer be detained, an inspector shall release the thing or proceeds from detention and send or personally deliver a notice of release from detention to the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing.\n(2) [Repealed, SOR/2017-94, s. 18]",
+    "history": "SOR/2017-94, s. 18",
+    "last_amended": "2017-05-19",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 26",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-26.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s27",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "27",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART I - General",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Disposition",
+    "text": "27\n(1) Where the Minister or an inspector believes on reasonable grounds that a thing is a pest, is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, any inspector may require the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing to dispose of it.\n(2) A requirement under subsection (1) shall be communicated by sending or personally delivering a notice in writing to the owner or other person, and the notice shall specify the manner of disposition and may specify the place of disposition and the date by which the disposition shall be completed.\n(3) Where, pursuant to subsection (1), an inspector requires that a thing be disposed of, any inspector may also require the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing to treat or cause to be treated any place or thing in or on which the thing to be disposed of was placed, contained, stored, detained or quarantined.\n(4) Subsections 17(3) and (4) apply, with such modifications as the circumstances require, where, pursuant to subsection (3), an inspector requires that a place or thing be treated.\n(5) Where, pursuant to subsection (1), an inspector requires that a thing be disposed of, no person shall undertake any other activity in respect of the thing without the approval of an inspector.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 27",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-27.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s28",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "28",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Interpretation",
+    "text": "28 In this Part,\nforeign Phytosanitary Certificate means a document, issued by the government of the country of origin of a thing, that attests to the phytosanitary status of the thing and that\n(a) contains the information required by the Model Phytosanitary Certificate set out in the Annex to the International Plant Protection Convention approved by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Conference at its Twentieth Session in November 1979, as amended from time to time,\n(b) is issued within 14 days before the thing is shipped to Canada, and\n(c) is signed by an official of the country of origin who has been authorized by the government of that country to sign such certificates; (certificat phytosanitaire étranger)\nforeign Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export means a document, issued by the government of the foreign country from which a thing is re-exported, that indicates that a thing is considered to conform with Canadian phytosanitary import requirements and that\n(a) contains the information required by the Model Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-Export set out in the Annex to the International Plant Protection Convention approved by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Conference at its Twentieth Session in November 1979, as amended from time to time,\n(b) is issued within 14 days before the thing is shipped to Canada, and\n(c) is signed by an official of the country of re-export who has been authorized by the government of that country to sign such certificates. (certificat phytosanitaire étranger pour réexportation)",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 28",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-28.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s29",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "29",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Importation Requirements",
+    "text": "29\n(1) Subject to subsections (1.1) to (5) and the conditions set out in sections 38 to 44, no person shall import into Canada any thing that is a pest, is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, unless the person has obtained and furnished to an inspector a valid permit number and, as applicable, a foreign Phytosanitary Certificate or a foreign Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export.\n(1.1) A person may furnish to the inspector the number of the applicable certificate referred to in subsection (1) instead of the certificate itself if the number is sufficient to give the Minister electronic access to the certificate.\n(2) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), a person may import a thing referred to in subsection (1) without a permit where the Minister determines, on the basis of a pest risk assessment,\n(a) that the thing is not a pest, is not or is not suspected of being infested or does not or could not constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, and that the thing originates from an area free from pests listed in the List of Pests Regulated by Canada, published by the Agency, as amended from time to time; or\n(b) where the thing is a pest, is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, that the thing has been treated or processed in the country or place of origin or reshipment in a manner that eliminates any pest or biological obstacle or results in any pest or biological obstacle being non-viable.\n(3) Where a thing originates from an area referred to in paragraph (2)(a), a person who imports the thing without a permit shall furnish to an inspector a document that attests to the origin of the thing.\n(4) Where a permit is not required pursuant to paragraph (2)(b), the person shall, before importation, demonstrate to the Minister or an inspector that the treatment or process of the thing has\n(a) eradicated any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest; or\n(b) resulted in any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest being non-viable.\n(5) Where a person referred to in subsection (4) does not demonstrate before importation that the treatment or process has attained a result referred to in that subsection, the person shall comply with subsection (1).\n(6) Any thing referred to in subsection (2) shall be packaged, moved, handled, controlled and used in a manner that ensures that the thing does not become a pest, infested or a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(7) A person may import a thing referred to in subsection (1) without a foreign Phytosanitary Certificate or foreign Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export where the Minister determines, on the basis of a pest risk assessment, that the thing is not a pest, is not or is not suspected of being infested or does not constitute or could not constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.",
+    "history": "SOR/97-292, s. 31; SOR/2007-48, s. 2; SOR/2009-326, s. 7(F); SOR/2025-236, s. 4",
+    "last_amended": "2025-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 29",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-29.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s30",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "30",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Permit Application",
+    "text": "30 A person may apply for a permit if the person\n(a) is a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, as those terms are defined in subsection 2(1) of the Immigration Act;\n(b) is authorized under the laws of Canada to reside in Canada for a period of six months or more and will have the possession, care or control of the thing to be imported; or\n(c) in the case of a corporation with a place of business in Canada, is an agent or officer of the corporation who resides in Canada.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 30",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-30.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s31",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "31",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Permit Application",
+    "text": "31\n(1) Subject to subsection (2), an application for a permit shall be in writing, signed and dated by the person applying for the permit and contain the following information:\n(a) the name, complete address and telephone number of the person;\n(b) the name, complete address and telephone number of the owner of the thing to be imported, if different from paragraph (a);\n(c) the name and complete address of the exporter;\n(d) a description and the common and scientific names of the thing;\n(e) the quantity of the thing;\n(f) the purpose for which the thing is to be admitted into Canada;\n(g) the place of entry and the location of the place of destination of the thing in Canada;\n(h) the means by which the thing will be transported;\n(i) the country and place where the thing was propagated or produced, and the country and place from which it was shipped to Canada;\n(j) the number of packages, if sent by mail or courier service; and\n(k) any other information respecting any activity undertaken in respect of the thing, or the precautions that will be taken to prevent the spreading of any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest while the thing is transported, as the Minister may require.\n(2) An application for a permit is not required to contain the information referred to in paragraphs (1)(c), (e), (g), (h) and (k) where the Minister has determined that the information is not necessary in order to assess the risk of a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest being introduced into Canada or being spread within Canada.\n(3) A person applying for a permit shall, if required by the Minister, furnish to the Minister, prior to the issuance of the permit,\n(a) samples of the thing to be imported, without charge to Her Majesty, for examination purposes; and\n(b) evidence that the person has adequate facilities for inspection and, if necessary, for quarantine of the thing.\n(4) The samples referred to in paragraph 3(a) may be kept by the Minister.\n(5) The Minister shall refuse to issue a permit if an application for the permit contains any false or misleading information.\n(6) Where a person obtains a permit on the basis of an application that contains false or misleading information, the permit is void from the date of its issuance.",
+    "history": "SOR/2009-326, s. 8(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2009-12-10",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 31",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-31.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s32",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "32",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Permit",
+    "text": "32\n(1) Where the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe, on the basis of a pest risk assessment, that the importation of a thing will result or would likely result in the introduction into Canada, or the spread within Canada, of a thing that is a pest, is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, the Minister shall issue a permit in respect of the thing if the Minister determines that every precaution necessary to prevent the introduction into Canada or the spread within Canada of any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest can and will be taken.\n(2) Where the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe, on the basis of a pest risk assessment, that the requirement referred to in subsection (1) is not met, the Minister shall refuse to issue a permit.",
+    "history": "SOR/2009-326, s. 9(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2009-12-10",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 32",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-32.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s33",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "33",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Permit",
+    "text": "33 A permit shall be in a form established by the Minister, and shall set out\n(a) the conditions, if any, under which the thing to be imported may be admitted into Canada and governing the thing after it has entered Canada to prevent the introduction into Canada, or the spread within Canada, of a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest;\n(b) the expiration date of the permit; and\n(c) such other information as is necessary to identify the thing.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 33",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-33.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s34",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "34",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Permit",
+    "text": "34\n(1) A person who imports a thing under a permit shall comply with all the conditions set out in the permit.\n(2) Where the Minister determines that it is necessary to prevent the introduction into Canada or the spread within Canada of any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest, the Minister shall amend a permit by adding, removing or amending a condition or any information set out in the permit.\n(3) The Minister may revoke a permit issued to a person or refuse to issue any other permit to a person where the Minister determines that the person has not complied with\n(a) any condition set out in the permit; or\n(b) any provision of the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder.\n(c) [Repealed, SOR/2009-326, s. 10]\n(4) The Minister may revoke a permit issued to a person or refuse to issue a permit to a person where the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that\n(a) there is an infestation in the country or place of origin of a thing or the country or place from which the thing was re-shipped; or\n(b) the person has not complied with\n(i) any condition set out in the permit, or\n(ii) any provision of the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder.\n(iii) [Repealed, SOR/2009-326, s. 10]\n(5) Where a foreign exporter has shipped to Canada any thing that is a pest, infested or a biological obstacle to the control of a pest or that contravenes any provision of the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder, the Minister may revoke a permit issued to any person, or refuse to issue a permit in respect of a thing to any person, to import from that foreign exporter or from the country or place of origin or reshipment until\n(a) the thing shipped or to be shipped is no longer a pest, infested or a biological obstacle to the control of a pest;\n(b) the phytosanitary certification authorities in the country or place of origin or reshipment have identified to the Minister the cause or source of the infestation that is the subject-matter of the contravention; and\n(c) the foreign exporter or the phytosanitary certification authorities referred to in paragraph (b) have given a written undertaking to comply with the provisions of the Act and all regulations and orders made under it.",
+    "history": "SOR/2007-48, s. 3; SOR/2009-326, s. 10",
+    "last_amended": "2009-12-10",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 34",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-34.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s35",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "35",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Permit",
+    "text": "35 Subject to section 34, a permit shall remain in force for the period specified in the permit.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 35",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-35.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s36",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "36",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Permit",
+    "text": "36 The person to whom a permit has been issued shall\n(a) where required as a condition of the permit to keep a record in a form established by the Minister and containing information respecting activities undertaken in respect of the thing, furnish the record, on request, for inspection or copying by an inspector; and\n(b) retain the record referred to in paragraph (a) for such period as may be specified in the permit.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 36",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-36.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s37",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "37",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Permit",
+    "text": "37 Where the Minister or an inspector determines that a person to whom a permit has been issued has not complied with any condition set out in the permit or where the Minister or an inspector believes on reasonable grounds that there is an infestation in the country of origin or the country from which the thing was re-shipped, any inspector may detain or prohibit the admission into Canada of the thing in respect of which the permit was issued or may order that the thing be disposed of.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 37",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-37.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s38",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "38",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Treatment or Processing",
+    "text": "38 No person shall import into Canada any thing that is a pest, is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, unless the thing is treated or processed\n(a) at origin in a manner that eliminates any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest or results in any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest being non-viable; or\n(b) in the manner and at the place that may be specified in a permit or as required by an inspector pursuant to section 17.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 38",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-38.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s39",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "39",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Declaration",
+    "text": "39 Every person shall, at the time of importation into Canada of any thing that is a pest, is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, declare that thing to an inspector or customs officer at a place of entry set out in subsection 40(1).",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 39",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-39.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s40",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "40",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Places of Entry",
+    "text": "40\n(1) The Canadian customs offices and Agency offices at the following places are designated as places of entry where things shall be presented for inspection and admittance to Canada:\n(a) in Ontario,\n(i) Brampton,\n(ii) Cornwall,\n(iii) Fort Erie,\n(iv) Fort Frances,\n(v) Hamilton,\n(vi) Lansdowne,\n(vii) London,\n(viii) Niagara Falls,\n(ix) Ottawa (including Macdonald-Cartier International Airport),\n(x) Prescott,\n(xi) Rainy River,\n(xii) Sarnia,\n(xiii) Sault Ste. Marie,\n(xiv) Thunder Bay (Pigeon River),\n(xv) Toronto (Front Street, Interport Suffarence Warehouse, Midcontinent Truck Terminal, Lester B. Pearson International Airport and Suffarence Truck Terminal),\n(xvi) Welland, and\n(xvii) Windsor (Ambassador Bridge and Detroit/Windsor Tunnel);\n(b) in Quebec,\n(i) Armstrong,\n(ii) Huntingdon,\n(iii) Lacolle, route 15,\n(iv) Montreal (Place d’Youville, Dorval International Airport, Mirabel International Airport and CAN PAC International Freight Services),\n(v) Quebec City,\n(vi) Rock Island, route 55, and\n(vii) Saint-Armand-Philipsburg;\n(c) in Nova Scotia,\n(i) Halifax (Ralston Building and Halifax International Airport),\n(ii) Sydney, and\n(iii) Yarmouth;\n(d) in New Brunswick,\n(i) Bayside,\n(ii) Edmundston,\n(iii) Moncton,\n(iv) Saint John,\n(v) St. Stephen, and\n(vi) Woodstock;\n(e) in Manitoba,\n(i) Boissevain,\n(ii) Emerson,\n(iii) Gretna, and\n(iv) Winnipeg (Main Street and Winnipeg International Airport);\n(f) in British Columbia,\n(i) Huntingdon,\n(ii) Kingsgate,\n(iii) Osoyoos,\n(iv) Pacific Highway (Highway 15),\n(v) Sidney (including Victoria Airport),\n(vi) Vancouver (Customs Commercial Operations, International Marine Operations and Vancouver International Airport), and\n(vii) Victoria;\n(g) in Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown;\n(h) in Saskatchewan,\n(i) Monchy,\n(ii) North Portal,\n(iii) Regina,\n(iv) Regway, and\n(v) Saskatoon;\n(i) in Alberta,\n(i) Calgary (Calgary International Airport and Harry Hays Building),\n(ii) Coutts, and\n(iii) Edmonton (including Edmonton International Airport); and\n(j) in Newfoundland and Labrador,\n(i) Corner Brook,\n(ii) Gander (including Gander International Airport), and\n(iii) St. John’s (including St. John’s Airport).\n(2) A thing shall be presented at a place of entry set out in subsection (1) during regular working hours fixed by the Minister.\n(3) An inspector or customs officer may require in writing that any thing entering Canada be directed to another place of entry or place inside Canada, for the purpose of inspecting the thing.\n(4) Where, pursuant to subsection (3), an inspector or customs officer has required a thing to be directed to another place of entry or place inside Canada, no person shall\n(a) move the thing to any place except the place indicated; or\n(b) open any conveyance or unpack any package containing the thing, except as authorized by any inspector or customs officer.",
+    "history": "SOR/97-151, s. 29; SOR/97-292, s. 32; SOR/2013-70, s. 2",
+    "last_amended": "2013-04-18",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 40",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-40.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s41",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "41",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Packaging and Labelling",
+    "text": "41\n(1) Where any thing that is a pest, is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest enters Canada, its container or accompanying invoice shall bear such marks as will identify the person importing the thing, the foreign exporter, the thing and, if applicable, the permit number.\n(2) Any thing referred to in subsection (1) shall be packaged in a container in such a manner as to prevent the thing from becomming infested or spreading a pest or a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(3) to (5) [Repealed, SOR/2003-6, s. 99]",
+    "history": "SOR/2003-6, s. 99",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 41",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-41.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s42",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "42",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibitions",
+    "text": "42\n(1) The Minister or an inspector may prohibit a thing from entering Canada where the Minister or an inspector determines, on the basis of the type of the thing or of a known or suspected infestation at the place of propagation or production, or place from which the thing was shipped, that\n(a) the thing is a pest;\n(b) the thing is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest that cannot be treated or processed to the extent necessary to ensure that the thing is not a pest or infested or is no longer a biological obstacle to the control of a pest;\n(c) a foreign Phytosanitary Certificate cannot be obtained from the country of origin or a foreign Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export cannot be obtained from the country of re-export of the thing; or\n(d) failure to do so would or could result in the introduction into Canada, or spread within Canada, of a pest or a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(2) No person shall import into Canada a thing that the Minister or an inspector has prohibited from entering Canada in writing, or in a permit where the permit prohibits the importation of that thing.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 42",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-42.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s43",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "43",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Admission of Things for Special Purposes",
+    "text": "43\n(1) Notwithstanding sections 38 and 42, the Minister shall issue a permit to a person in respect of any thing that is a pest, infested or a biological obstacle to the control of a pest or that does not meet the requirements of the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder where the Minister determines that\n(a) the thing is imported for the purpose of being used for scientific research, educational, processing, industrial or exhibition purposes; and\n(b) the person is able and willing to comply with the conditions to be set out in the permit and will take every precaution to prevent the spread of any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(2) A thing referred to in subsection (1) shall be packaged, transported, handled, controlled and used in a manner that ensures a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest is not introduced into or spread within Canada.\n(3) Where a thing referred to in subsection (1) or any remains of the thing or portion thereof is to be disposed of, the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing, remains or portion thereof shall dispose of it in a manner that\n(a) ensures that a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest will not spread; and\n(b) destroys any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest or ensures that the pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest is non-viable.\n(4) No person shall import into Canada a thing referred to in subsection (1) unless\n(a) the person has complied with sections 30 and 31, subsection 34(1) and sections 36, 39 and 40;\n(b) if required by the Minister and prior to the issuance of a permit, the person has indicated in writing that the person is able and willing to comply with all the conditions that the Minister has indicated will be set out in the permit;\n(c) the thing is admitted into Canada at a place and conveyed within Canada to the place set out in the permit;\n(d) the thing is dealt with in such a manner as may be specified in the permit;\n(e) the thing is packaged and labelled in accordance with section 41; and\n(f) the person having the possession, care or control of the thing obtains a written authorization in accordance with the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder before undertaking any activity in respect of the thing other than an activity in respect of which the permit was issued and before moving the thing from the original place of destination within Canada.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 43",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-43.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s44",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "44",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART II - Importation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Entry Denied to Things or Conveyances en Route to Canada",
+    "text": "44 The Minister or an inspector may prohibit the importation into Canada or the territorial sea of Canada, within the meaning of section 4 of the Oceans Act, of any conveyance or other thing, if the Minister or inspector has reasonable grounds to believe that the conveyance or other thing\n(a) is a pest or is infested or is suspected of being infested;\n(b) constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest; or\n(c) would, when imported into Canada, be in contravention of a provision of the Act or any regulation or order made under it.",
+    "history": "SOR/2002-438, s. 20; SOR/2009-326, s. 11(F); SOR/2025-47, s. 32",
+    "last_amended": "2025-02-26",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 44",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-44.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s45",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "45",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Movement Certificate",
+    "text": "45\n(1) A Movement Certificate may contain conditions specified by the Minister or an inspector that are necessary to prevent the spread of a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest and may specify a period of validity.\n(2) Where a Movement Certificate is required in respect of a thing by the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder or by the Minister or an inspector pursuant to the Minister’s or inspector’s powers under the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder, no person shall move the thing unless the person\n(a) obtains a Movement Certificate; and\n(b) complies with all the conditions set out in the Movement Certificate.\n(3) No person shall move any thing in respect of which a Movement Certificate is required under subsection (2) unless all the conditions set out in the Movement Certificate respecting the thing prior to movement have been complied with.",
+    "history": "SOR/2009-326, s. 12",
+    "last_amended": "2009-12-10",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 45",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-45.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s46",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "46",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Movement Certificate",
+    "text": "46\n(1) No person, other than an inspector, shall alter, deface or erase any information or statement on a Movement Certificate.\n(2) A Movement Certificate is void where\n(a) a person does not comply with any condition referred to in paragraph 45(2)(b) or does not comply with any provision of the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder; or\n(b) a person other than an inspector has altered or defaced the Movement Certificate or has erased any information on the Movement Certificate.\n(3) [Repealed, SOR/2017-94, s. 19]",
+    "history": "SOR/2017-94, s. 19",
+    "last_amended": "2017-05-19",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 46",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-46.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s47",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "47",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Written Authorization to Move",
+    "text": "47 For the purposes of subsection 6(2) of the Act, the inspector’s authorization may be in the form of a Movement Certificate.",
+    "history": "SOR/2009-326, s. 13",
+    "last_amended": "2009-12-10",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 47",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-47.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s48",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "48",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Identification",
+    "text": "48\n(1) Any thing in respect of which a Movement Certificate is issued shall bear a tag or label, or be accompanied by an invoice, that clearly identifies the thing, the origin of the thing and its final destination.\n(2) Any label, tag or invoice referred to in subsection (1) shall also state the name and complete address of the consignee and consignor.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 48",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-48.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s49",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "49",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Packaging and Transportation",
+    "text": "49 Any thing in respect of which a Movement Certificate is issued shall be packaged, contained and moved in such a manner as to prevent the thing from becoming infested or becoming a biological obstacle to the control of a pest or from spreading a pest or a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 49",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-49.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s50",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "50",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibitions",
+    "text": "50\n(1) A person must not move within Canada a thing that is a pest or that is identified in the Agency document as being a thing that could be infested with a pest or that is or could be a biological obstacle to the control of a pest if\n(a) the Agency document indicates that movement of the thing is prohibited; or\n(b) any restrictions set out in the Agency document with respect to the movement of the thing, including with respect to the thing’s place of origin and destination and the taking of mitigation measures, are not complied with.\n(2) In this section, Agency document means the document entitled Movement prohibitions and restrictions in Canada under the Plant Protection Act, published by the Agency, as amended from time to time.",
+    "history": "SOR/2025-236, s. 5",
+    "last_amended": "2025-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 50",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-50.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s51",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "51",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibitions",
+    "text": "51 [Repealed, SOR/2025-236, s. 5]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2025-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 51",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-51.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s52",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "52",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibitions",
+    "text": "52 [Repealed, SOR/2025-236, s. 5]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2025-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 52",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-52.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s53",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "53",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Prohibition Respecting a Place Declared Infested by the Minister or an Inspector",
+    "text": "53\n(1) Where, pursuant to section 11 or 12 of the Act or subsection 15(3) of the Act, the Minister, by an order, or an inspector, by a declaration, has declared a place infested, no person shall undertake any activity in respect of any thing, unless the movement of the thing within, into or out of the place is permitted pursuant to that order or declaration.\n(2) Where a person undertakes an activity referred to in subsection (1), the person shall undertake the activity in the manner determined by an inspector, on the basis of the extent of the infestation or the type of thing.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 53",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-53.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s54",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "54",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Movement of Things for Special Purposes",
+    "text": "54\n(1) Any inspector may issue a Movement Certificate to a person for any thing that is prohibited from being moved pursuant to section 50 or that does not meet the requirements of the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder where the Minister or an inspector determines that\n(a) the thing is being moved for the purpose of being used for scientific research, educational, processing, industrial or exhibition purposes; and\n(b) the person is able and willing to comply with the conditions to be set out in the Movement Certificate and will take every precaution to prevent the spread of any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(2) A thing referred to in subsection (1) shall be packaged, transported, handled, controlled and used in a manner that ensures that a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest is not spread within Canada.\n(3) Where a thing referred to in subsection (1) or any remains of the thing or portion thereof is to be disposed of, the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the thing or portion thereof shall dispose of it in a manner that\n(a) ensures that a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest will not spread; and\n(b) destroys any pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest or ensures that the pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest is non-viable.\n(4) No person shall move within Canada a thing referred to in subsection (1) unless\n(a) the person has complied with paragraph 45(2)(b) and sections 48 and 49;\n(b) if required by the Minister or an inspector and prior to the issuance of a Movement Certificate, the person has indicated in writing that the person is able and willing to comply with all the conditions that the Minister or an inspector has indicated will be set out in the Movement Certificate;\n(c) the thing is moved within Canada to the place specified in the Movement Certificate; and\n(d) the thing is dealt with in such a manner as may be specified in the Movement Certificate.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 54",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-54.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s54.1",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "54.1",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART III - Movement of Things",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Requirement to Move",
+    "text": "54.1 An inspector or a peace officer acting on the request of an inspector may require any thing to be moved to a specified place for the purpose of complying with the requirements of the Act and all regulations and orders made under it.",
+    "history": "SOR/2025-236, s. 6",
+    "last_amended": "2025-11-21",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 54.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-54.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s55",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "55",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART IV - Exportation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate and Other Documents",
+    "text": "55\n(1) In this Part,\nCanadian Phytosanitary Certificate means a document, issued by an inspector, that attests to the phytosanitary status of any thing exported from Canada and that\n(a) contains the information required by the Model Phytosanitary Certificate set out in the Annex to the International Plant Protection Convention approved by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Conference at its Twentieth Session in November 1979, as amended from time to time, and\n(b) is signed by an inspector and sealed with an official Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate seal; (certificat phytosanitaire canadien)\nCanadian Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export means a document, issued by an inspector, that indicates that a thing is considered to conform with the laws of the importing country respecting phytosanitary import requirements, and to which is attached a copy of the original Phytosanitary Certificate from the country of origin and that\n(a) contains the information required by the Model Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export set out in the Annex to the International Plant Protection Convention approved by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Conference at its Twentieth Session in November 1979, as amended from time to time, and\n(b) is signed by an inspector and sealed with an official Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate seal. (certificat phytosanitaire canadien pour réexportation)\n(2) No person shall export from Canada any thing for which a Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate, Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export or any other document is required by the phytosanitary certification authorities in the country of final destination, unless the appropriate document is issued by an inspector.\n(3) An inspector may issue a Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate or Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export or any other document required by the phytosanitary certification authorities in the country of final destination only if the inspector believes on reasonable grounds that the thing to be exported conforms with the laws of the importing country respecting phytosanitary import requirements.\n(4) No person, other than an inspector or a person authorized in writing by an inspector, shall have in the person’s possession, custody or control an official Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate seal or any facsimile thereof.\n(5) No person, other than an inspector shall alter, deface or erase any information or statement in a Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate, Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export or any other document issued for the purposes of the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder.\n(6) A Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate or Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export or any other document issued for the purposes of the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder is void if any person other than an inspector has altered, defaced or erased any information or statement in the certificate.\n(7) No person shall substitute any other thing for any thing for which a Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate, Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export or any other document issued for the purposes of the Act or any regulation or order made thereunder is issued by an inspector.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 55",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-55.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s56",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "56",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART IV - Exportation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "56\n(1) For the purposes of preventing the spread of pests, no person shall export from Canada any thing referred to in section 7000 of the schedule to the Export Control List or any thing that is infested with a thing referred to in that section, unless prior to export the person has obtained an export permit referred to in section 7 of the Export and Import Permits Act.\n(2) Where a person has obtained an export permit referred to in subsection (1), the person is not required to obtain a Movement Certificate in respect of the thing if the thing is shipped directly out of Canada.\n(3) Any thing in respect of which an export permit referred to in subsection (1) has been issued shall be packaged, contained and moved in such a manner as to prevent the thing from spreading a pest or biological obstacle to the control of a pest.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 56",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-56.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s57",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "57",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART IV - Exportation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "General",
+    "text": "57 No person shall export or re-export any thing from Canada unless it meets the laws of the importing country respecting phytosanitary import requirements.",
+    "history": "SOR/2009-326, s. 14(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2009-12-10",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 57",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-57.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s58",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "58",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART IV - Exportation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyance and Facility Inspection",
+    "text": "58\n(1) For the purposes of this section, vessel means any ship, boat or other means of transport used or designed to be used in water navigation.\n(2) No person shall load or complete the loading of grain or a grain product aboard a vessel unless\n(a) prior to the loading of the grain or grain product and, if required by an inspector for the purpose of determining if the vessel is infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, during the loading, the vessel is inspected and approved for loading, in writing, by an inspector; or\n(b) an inspector advises that an inspection and approval of the vessel is not required because the inspector has reasonable grounds to believe that the vessel is not infested or does not or could not constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest.\n(3) Where the Minister or an inspector believes on reasonable grounds that the vessel that is to receive the grain or grain product is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, any inspector may require the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the vessel\n(a) to treat or clean the vessel; and\n(b) to treat, move or dispose of any thing found on or in the vessel.",
+    "history": "SOR/2017-94, s. 20(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2017-05-19",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 58",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-58.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s59",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "59",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART IV - Exportation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyance and Facility Inspection",
+    "text": "59 If before, during or after the loading or unloading of grain or a grain product aboard or from a conveyance, an inspector believes on reasonable grounds that the conveyance, grain or grain product is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, any inspector may require the owner or the person having the possession, care or control of the conveyance\n(a) to treat or clean the conveyance, grain or grain product; and\n(b) to treat, move or dispose of any thing found on or in the conveyance, grain or grain product.",
+    "history": "SOR/2017-94, ss. 21, 22(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2017-05-19",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 59",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-59.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-95-212-s60",
+    "act_code": "SOR-95-212",
+    "act_short": "Plant Protection Regs",
+    "act_name": "Plant Protection Regulations",
+    "section": "60",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "PART IV - Exportation",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Conveyance and Facility Inspection",
+    "text": "60 Where the Minister or an inspector believes on reasonable grounds that a conveyance or a facility used for any activity undertaken in respect of any thing that requires a Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate, a Canadian Phytosanitary Certificate for Re-export or any other phytosanitary document is or could be infested or constitutes or could constitute a biological obstacle to the control of a pest, any inspector may require the owner or person having the possession, care or control of the conveyance or facility\n(a) to treat or clean the conveyance or the facility; and\n(b) to treat, move or dispose of any thing found on or in the conveyance or in the facility.",
+    "history": "SOR/2017-94, s. 23",
+    "last_amended": "2017-05-19",
+    "current_to": "2025-11-27",
+    "citation": "Plant Protection Regs, s. 60",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-95-212/section-60.html"
+  }
+]

data/processed/SOR-97-229.json

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-229-s1",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-229",
+    "act_short": "Precursor & Substance Exemption Regs",
+    "act_name": "Regulations Exempting Certain Precursors and Controlled Substances from the Application of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act",
+    "section": "1",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Exemptions",
+    "text": "1 The substances set out in Schedule I are exempt from the application of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "Precursor & Substance Exemption Regs, s. 1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-229/section-1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-229-s2 and 3",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-229",
+    "act_short": "Precursor & Substance Exemption Regs",
+    "act_name": "Regulations Exempting Certain Precursors and Controlled Substances from the Application of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act",
+    "section": "2 and 3",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Exemptions",
+    "text": "2 and 3 [Repealed, SOR/97-514, s. 2]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "Precursor & Substance Exemption Regs, s. 2 and 3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-229/section-2 and 3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-229-s*4",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-229",
+    "act_short": "Precursor & Substance Exemption Regs",
+    "act_name": "Regulations Exempting Certain Precursors and Controlled Substances from the Application of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act",
+    "section": "*4",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Coming into Force",
+    "text": "*4 These Regulations come into force on the day which the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, chapter 19 of the Statutes of Canada, 1996, comes into force.\n* [Note: Regulations in force May 14, 1997, see SI/97-47.]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2025-12-02",
+    "citation": "Precursor & Substance Exemption Regs, s. *4",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-229/section-*4.html"
+  }
+]

data/processed/SOR-97-234.json

@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s1",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "1",
+    "marginal_note": "Definitions",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Interpretation",
+    "text": "1 The definitions in this section apply in these Regulations.\nAct means the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. (Loi)\nappropriate police officer means\n(a) in the case of the RCMP, the Assistant Commissioner of the RCMP in charge of drug enforcement; and\n(b) in the case of any other police force, the member of the police force who is the most senior officer responsible for operations. (agent de police compétent)\nchief means, in respect of a police force other than the RCMP, the senior police officer in charge of the police force. (chef)\nparticular investigation means a primary investigation conducted under the Act or any other Act of Parliament and includes any investigation that arises from the primary investigation. (enquête particulière). (enquête particulière)\npolice force means a police force that is designated pursuant to section 2. (corps policier)\nproceeding means a preliminary inquiry, trial or other proceeding under the Act or any other Act of Parliament. (procédure)\nprovincial minister means the provincial minister responsible for policing in a province. (ministre provincial)\nRCMP means the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (GRC)",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, ss. 1, 16(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s2",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "2",
+    "marginal_note": "Authority to designate",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Designations of Police Forces",
+    "text": "2 The Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness and every provincial minister are authorized to designate any police force within the jurisdiction of that Minister or the provincial minister for the purposes of these Regulations or any of its provisions.",
+    "history": "SOR/2022-174, s. 1",
+    "last_amended": "2022-07-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s3",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "3",
+    "marginal_note": "Street drugs",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Sections 5 to 7.1 of the Act",
+    "text": "3 A member of a police force is exempt from the application of any of sections 5 to 7.1 of the Act if the member engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in any of those sections that involves a substance other than a substance referred to in any of subsections 8(1), 11(1) and 13(1) of these Regulations, of which the member has come into possession during a particular investigation, if the member\n(a) is an active member of the police force; and\n(b) is acting in the course of the member’s responsibilities for the purposes of the particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 17(F); SOR/2022-174, s. 3",
+    "last_amended": "2022-07-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 3",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-3.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s4",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "4",
+    "marginal_note": "Direction and control",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Sections 5 to 7.1 of the Act",
+    "text": "4 A person is exempt from the application of any of section 5 to 7.1 of the Act if the person engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in any of those sections that involves a substance, other than a substance referred to in any of subsections 8(1), 11(1) and 13(1) of these Regulations, of which the person has come into possession, if the person\n(a) acts under the direction and control of a member of a police force who meets the conditions set out in paragraphs 3(a) and (b); and\n(b) acts to assist the member referred to in paragraph (a) in the course of the particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 2; SOR/2022-174, s. 4",
+    "last_amended": "2022-07-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 4",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-4.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s5",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "5",
+    "marginal_note": "RCMP notification",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Sections 5 to 7.1 of the Act",
+    "text": "5 A member who is exempt, under section 3 of these Regulations, from the application of section 6 of the Act shall notify, in written or electronic format, the Assistant Commissioner of the RCMP in charge of drug enforcement of the importation or exportation of a substance by the member in accordance with section 3 of these Regulations, or by a person under the member's direction or control pursuant to section 4 of these Regulations, before the substance is imported or exported or, if it is not practicable to do so before the substance is imported or exported, as soon as practicable after that time.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 3",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 5",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-5.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s5.1",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "5.1",
+    "marginal_note": "Holding out",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 5 of the Act — Holding Out",
+    "text": "5.1 A member of a police force who engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in section 5 of the Act by representing or holding out a substance to be a substance included in Schedule I, II, III or IV of the Act is exempt from the application of that section if the member\n(a) is an active member of the police force; and\n(b) is acting in the course of the member's responsibilities for the purposes of a particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 3",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 5.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-5.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s5.2",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "5.2",
+    "marginal_note": "Direction and control",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 5 of the Act — Holding Out",
+    "text": "5.2 A person who engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in section 5 of the Act by representing or holding out a substance to be a substance included in Schedule I, II, III or IV of the Act is exempt from the application of that section if the person\n(a) acts under the direction and control of a member of a police force who meets the conditions set out in paragraphs 5.1(a) and (b); and\n(b) acts to assist the member referred to in paragraph (a) in the course of the particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 3",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 5.2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-5.2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s6",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "6",
+    "marginal_note": "Double-doctoring",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Subsection 4(2) of the Act",
+    "text": "6 A member of a police force is exempt from the application of subsection 4(2) of the Act where the member engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in that subsection, if the member\n(a) is an active member of the police force; and\n(b) is acting in the course of the member’s responsibilities for the purposes of a particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 17(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 6",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-6.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s7",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "7",
+    "marginal_note": "Direction and control",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Subsection 4(2) of the Act",
+    "text": "7 A person is exempt from the application of subsection 4(2) of the Act where the person engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in that subsection, if the person\n(a) acts under the direction and control of a member of a police force who meets the conditions set out in paragraphs 6(a) and (b); and\n(b) acts to assist the member referred to in paragraph (a) in the course of the particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 4",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 7",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-7.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s7.1",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "7.1",
+    "marginal_note": "Member of police force",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Provisions of the Precursor Control Regulations",
+    "text": "7.1 A member of a police force is exempt from the application of subsections 6(1) and (2) and 9(1), section 10, subsections 47(1) and 57(1) and section 88 of the Precursor Control Regulations if the member engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in any of those provisions and\n(a) is an active member of the police force; and\n(b) is acting in the course of the member's responsibilities for the purposes of a particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 5",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 7.1",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-7.1.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s7.2",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "7.2",
+    "marginal_note": "Direction and control",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Provisions of the Precursor Control Regulations",
+    "text": "7.2 A person is exempt from the application of subsections 6(1) and (2) and 9(1), section 10, subsections 47(1) and 57(1) and section 88 of the Precursor Control Regulations if the person engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in any of those provisions and the person acts under the direction and control of a member of a police force who meets the conditions set out in paragraphs 7.1(a) and (b).",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 5",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 7.2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-7.2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s8",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "8",
+    "marginal_note": "State drugs",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 5 of the Act — Trafficking",
+    "text": "8\n(1) Subject to section 15, a member of a police force is exempt from the application of section 5 of the Act where the member engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in that section that involves a substance that has been forfeited to Her Majesty, that is imported in accordance with section 11 of these Regulations or that is produced in accordance with section 13 of these Regulations, if the member has been issued a certificate.\n(2) [Conditions for issuing certificate] The appropriate police officer may issue a certificate for a period not exceeding six months for the purposes of subsection (1) to a member of a police force where the member\n(a) is an active member of the police force; and\n(b) is acting in the course of the member’s responsibilities for the purposes of a particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 17(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 8",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-8.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s9",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "9",
+    "marginal_note": "Direction and control",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 5 of the Act — Trafficking",
+    "text": "9 Subject to section 16, a person is exempt from the application of section 5 of the Act where the person engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in that section that involves a substance that has been forfeited to Her Majesty, that is imported in accordance with section 11 of these Regulations or that is produced in accordance with section 13 of these Regulations, if the person\n(a) acts under the direction and control of a member of a police force who meets the conditions set out in paragraphs 8(2)(a) and (b); and\n(b) acts to assist the member referred to in paragraph (a) in the course of the particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 6",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 9",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-9.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s10",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "10",
+    "marginal_note": "Controlled deliveries",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 6 of the Act — Importation or Exportation",
+    "text": "10 For the purposes of subsection 11(1) and section 12, a substance requested of and obtained directly from a foreign state does not include a substance that has, for the purpose of identifying any person involved in the commission of an offence under the Act or any other Act of Parliament or a conspiracy to commit such an offence, been allowed to pass out of or through a foreign state, with the knowledge and under the supervision of that state's competent authorities.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 7",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 10",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-10.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s11",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "11",
+    "marginal_note": "State drugs",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 6 of the Act — Importation or Exportation",
+    "text": "11\n(1) A member of a police force is exempt from the application of section 6 of the Act where the member engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in that section that involves a substance that has been forfeited to Her Majesty, that is produced in accordance with section 13 of these Regulations or that has been requested of and obtained directly from a foreign state, if the member has been issued a certificate.\n(2) [Conditions for issuing certificate] The Assistant Commissioner of the RCMP in charge of drug enforcement may issue a certificate for a period not exceeding six months for the purposes of subsection (1) where the member\n(a) is an active member of the police force; and\n(b) is acting in the course of the member’s responsibilities for the purposes of a particular investigation in which the RCMP participates.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, ss. 16(F), 17(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 11",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-11.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s12",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "12",
+    "marginal_note": "Direction and control",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 6 of the Act — Importation or Exportation",
+    "text": "12 A person is exempt from the application of section 6 of the Act where the person engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in that section that involves a substance that has been forfeited to Her Majesty, that is produced in accordance with section 13 of these Regulations or that has been requested of and obtained directly from a foreign state, if the person\n(a) acts under the direction and control of a member of a police force who meets the conditions set out in paragraphs 11(2)(a) and (b); and\n(b) acts to assist the member referred to in paragraph (a) in the course of the particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 8",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 12",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-12.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s13",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "13",
+    "marginal_note": "State drugs",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 7 of the Act — Production",
+    "text": "13\n(1) Subject to section 15, a member of a police force is exempt from the application of section 7 of the Act where the member engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in that section that involves a substance that has been forfeited to Her Majesty or that is imported in accordance with section 11 of these Regulations, if the member has been issued a certificate.\n(2) [Conditions for issuing certificate] The appropriate police officer may issue a certificate for a period not exceeding one year for the purposes of subsection (1) to a member of a police force where the member\n(a) is an active member of the police force; and\n(b) is acting in the course of the member’s responsibilities for the purposes of a particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 17(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 13",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-13.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s14",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "14",
+    "marginal_note": "Direction and control",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 7 of the Act — Production",
+    "text": "14 Subject to section 16, a person is exempt from the application of section 7 of the Act where the person engages or attempts to engage in conduct referred to in that section that involves a substance that has been forfeited to Her Majesty or that is imported in accordance with section 11 of these Regulations, if the person\n(a) acts under the direction and control of a member of a police force who meets the conditions set out in paragraphs 13(2)(a) and (b); and\n(b) acts to assist the member referred to in paragraph (a) in the course of the particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2007-228, s. 1",
+    "last_amended": "2007-10-25",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 14",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-14.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s15",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "15",
+    "marginal_note": "Offering to engage",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 5 or 7 of the Act in Respect of Offering to Engage",
+    "text": "15 A member of a police force who engages in conduct referred to in section 5 or 7 of the Act by offering to engage in that conduct is exempt, in respect of offering to engage in that conduct, from the application of section 5 or 7 of the Act, if the member\n(a) is an active member of the police force; and\n(b) is acting in the course of the member’s responsibilities for the purposes of a particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, ss. 9(F), 17(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 15",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-15.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s16",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "16",
+    "marginal_note": "Direction and control",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Section 5 or 7 of the Act in Respect of Offering to Engage",
+    "text": "16 A person who engages in conduct referred to in section 5 or 7 of the Act by offering to engage in that conduct is exempt, in respect of offering to engage in that conduct, from the application of section 5 or 7 of the Act, if the person\n(a) acts under the direction and control of a member of a police force who meets the conditions set out in paragraphs 15(a) and (b); and\n(b) acts to assist the member referred to in paragraph (a) in the course of the particular investigation.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 10",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 16",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-16.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s17",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "17",
+    "marginal_note": "Information in certificate",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Certificate",
+    "text": "17 A certificate issued under section 8, 11 or 13 shall identify the member of the police force to which it applies, the duration of the exemption and the particular investigation to which it relates.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 17",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-17.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s18",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "18",
+    "marginal_note": "Revocation",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Revocation of Certificate",
+    "text": "18\n(1) A certificate issued under section 8, 11 or 13 is revoked on the earliest of\n(a) the date on which the appropriate police officer who issued the certificate revokes it,\n(b) the date on which the member to whom it was issued is no longer an active member of the police force,\n(c) the date on which the member to whom it was issued is no longer acting in the course of the member’s responsibilities for the purposes of the particular investigation to which the certificate relates,\n(d) the date on which the particular investigation to which the certificate relates has been completed, or\n(e) the date on which the certificate expires.\n(2) [Notice] The appropriate police officer shall notify the member to whom a certificate was issued of the revocation on the day on which the certificate is revoked pursuant to paragraph (1)(a), (c) or (d).",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 17(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 18",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-18.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s18.1 and 18.2",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "18.1 and 18.2",
+    "marginal_note": "",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Other General Exemptions",
+    "text": "18.1 and 18.2 [Repealed, SOR/2005-72, s. 11]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 18.1 and 18.2",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-18.1 and 18.2.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s19",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "19",
+    "marginal_note": "Conspiracy",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Other General Exemptions",
+    "text": "19 A member of a police force is exempt from the application of the provisions that create the offence of conspiracy to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or any counselling in relation to, an offence under subsection 4(2) or section 5, 6 or 7 of the Act if the member\n(a) is an active member of the police force;\n(b) is acting in the course of the member’s responsibilities for the purposes of a particular investigation; and\n(c) engages in conduct that, but for the application of this section, would constitute a conspiracy to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or any counselling in relation to, an offence under subsection 4(2) or section 5, 6 or 7 of the Act.",
+    "history": "SOR/97-281, s. 1; SOR/2005-72, ss. 12, 17(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 19",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-19.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s20",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "20",
+    "marginal_note": "Direction and control",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Other General Exemptions",
+    "text": "20 A person is exempt from the application of the provisions that create the offence of conspiracy to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or any counselling in relation to, an offence under subsection 4(2) or section 5, 6 or 7 of the Act if the person\n(a) acts under the direction and control of a member of a police force who\n(i) is an active member of the police force, and\n(ii) is acting in the course of the member’s responsibilities for the purposes of a particular investigation;\n(b) acts to assist the member in the course of the particular investigation; and\n(c) engages in conduct that, but for the application of this section, would constitute a conspiracy to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or any counselling in relation to, an offence under subsection 4(2) or section 5, 6 or 7 of the Act.",
+    "history": "SOR/97-281, s. 1; SOR/2005-72, ss. 13, 17(F)",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 20",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-20.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s21",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "21",
+    "marginal_note": "Forfeited substances",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Detention of Forfeited Substances",
+    "text": "21\n(1) The chief or appropriate officer shall, as soon as practicable but not later than 60 days after a forfeited controlled substance or precursor is no longer required for the proceeding in respect of which it was seized, where the controlled substance or precursor is required for the purposes of conducting investigations under the Act or any other Act of Parliament, inform the Minister in writing of that requirement.\n(2) [Secure location] Every controlled substance or precursor referred to in subsection (1) shall be kept in a secure location while not being used for the purposes of conducting investigations under the Act or any other Act of Parliament.\n(3) [Transfer] The chief or appropriate police officer of a police force is exempt from the application of section 5 of the Act if that person transfers any controlled substance or precursor referred to in subsection (1) to the chief or appropriate police officer of another police force and if the chief or appropriate police officer of that other police force requests the transfer for the purposes of a particular investigation.\n(4) [Inform Minister] Where a transfer is conducted pursuant to subsection (3), the chief or appropriate police officer who\n(a) makes the transfer shall inform the Minister of the transfer, as soon as practicable after the request for the transfer has been received; and\n(b) receives the controlled substance or precursor shall inform the Minister of its receipt, as soon as practicable after the receipt.\n(5) [Directions] If a controlled substance or precursor referred to in subsection (1) is no longer required for the purposes of conducting investigations under the Act or any other Act of Parliament, the chief or appropriate police officer shall seek the directions of the Minister and dispose of or otherwise deal with the controlled substance or precursor in accordance with the Minister's directions.\n(6) [Substances not required] If a forfeited controlled substance or precursor is no longer required for the proceeding in respect of which it was seized and is not required for the purposes of conducting investigations under the Act or any other Act of Parliament, the chief or appropriate police officer shall, as soon as practicable,\n(a) in writing seek directions from the Minister respecting the disposal of or otherwise dealing with the controlled substance or precursor, unless the Minister has previously given such directions; and\n(b) dispose of or otherwise deal with the controlled substance or precursor in accordance with the Minister's directions.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 14",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 21",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-21.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s22",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "22",
+    "marginal_note": "Annual report",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Reports",
+    "text": "22\n(1) The chief or appropriate police officer shall submit to the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness and to the Minister, within three months after the end of every calendar year, a report in written or electronic format containing the information set out in subsection (3), in respect of each of the following controlled substances or precursors that came into the possession of the police force in the course of a particular investigation completed during the calendar year, namely,\n(a) a controlled substance or precursor imported or exported in accordance with section 11;\n(b) a controlled substance produced in accordance with section 13; and\n(c) a forfeited controlled substance or precursor referred to in section 21.\n(2) [Copy of report] The chief or appropriate police officer of a police force other than the RCMP shall also send a copy of the report referred to in subsection (1) to the provincial minister responsible for the police force.\n(3) [Contents of report] The report shall indicate the name and total quantity of each controlled substance or precursor and the quantity, in respect of each controlled substance or precursor, that was forfeited, imported, exported, produced or destroyed, as applicable.\n(4) [Additional report] The chief or appropriate police officer of a police force shall also submit, on request, a report in written or electronic format to the Minister respecting the controlled substances or precursors referred to in subsection (1) as required for the following purposes:\n(a) to ensure the protection of the public against potential public health risks caused by the potential misuse or diversion of those substances;\n(b) to collect data required for studies and research;\n(c) to meet international obligations of the Government of Canada; and\n(d) for compliance with these Regulations.",
+    "history": "SOR/2022-174, s. 5",
+    "last_amended": "2022-07-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 22",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-22.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s23",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "23",
+    "marginal_note": "Report of substances no longer in possession",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Reports",
+    "text": "23\n(1) The chief or appropriate police officer shall submit a report in written or electronic format to the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness and the Minister containing the information required by subsection (3), respecting every controlled substance or precursor referred to in subsection 21(1) that is lost, stolen or otherwise no longer in the possession of the police force, as soon as practicable after the substance is lost, stolen or no longer in the possession of the police force.\n(2) [Copy of report] The chief or appropriate police officer of a police force other than the RCMP shall also send a copy of the report referred to in subsection (1) to the provincial minister responsible for the police force.\n(3) [Contents of report] The report shall include the following information:\n(a) the name and quantity of each controlled substance or precursor;\n(b) the date of forfeiture, importation or exportation of each controlled substance or precursor, or the production of each controlled substance, as applicable; and\n(c) the date on which and an explanation of the circumstances in which the controlled substance or precursor was lost or stolen or ceased to be in the possession of the police force.",
+    "history": "SOR/2005-72, s. 15; SOR/2022-174, s. 5",
+    "last_amended": "2022-07-15",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 23",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-23.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s24",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "24",
+    "marginal_note": "Transitional",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Transitional Provision",
+    "text": "24 These Regulations apply in respect of every controlled substance or precursor that was forfeited to Her Majesty before the coming into force of these Regulations and that is in the possession of a police force, except that, in respect of subsection 21(1), the reference to 60 days shall be read as a reference to 120 days after the coming into force of these Regulations.",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. 24",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-24.html"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "SOR-97-234-s*25",
+    "act_code": "SOR-97-234",
+    "act_short": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs",
+    "act_name": "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations",
+    "section": "*25",
+    "marginal_note": "Coming into force",
+    "part": "",
+    "division": "",
+    "heading": "Coming into Force",
+    "text": "*25 These Regulations come into force on the date on which the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act comes into force.\n* [Note: Regulations in force May 14, 1997, see SI/97-47.]",
+    "history": "",
+    "last_amended": "2006-03-22",
+    "current_to": "2022-07-25",
+    "citation": "CDSA Police Enforcement Regs, s. *25",
+    "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-97-234/section-*25.html"
+  }
+]