In a new article in the
Review of International Studies, Alexander Betts, Naohiko Omata and Olivier Sterck explore why, despite the importance of cross-border activity to refugees’ socioeconomic lives, such transnational activity has been institutionally invisible to and hindered by the international agencies seeking to assist them. The authors take the Dollo Ado refugee camps in Ethiopia as a case study. Located close to the Ethiopian-Somali border, these camps have been a major focus for UNHCR’s attempts to build livelihoods for refugees and the host community. The article adopts a mixed methods approach, and emphasises the agency of aid workers, bureaucratic politics, and political economy in its account of the disjuncture between international institutions’ state-centric livelihoods programmes and refugees’ own cross-border economic strategies.
There is also a summary of this article published by British International Studies Association (BISA) available online: Refugees’ cross-border strategies and international organisations


A mentor is someone who sharestheir knowledge, skills and/or experience, to help another to develop and grow.A coach is someone who provides guidance to a client on their goals and helpsthem reach their full potential.
In Toastmasters International, wehave a mentoring program, and I suppose this is not obligatory. A mentor is anexperienced toastmasters member who provides guidance and support to empowerprotégés to reach their goals.
To become a mentor, a member mustbe in good standing for at least six months, complete an entire path, andsuccessfully complete mentorship training with positive evaluations fromprotégés. Each mentorship commitment lasts for a period of six months but mayextend longer if both protégé and mentor agree.
So, are Mentoring and Coachingthe same?
Mentors and coaches are oftenthought of as having similar roles. The two positions can overlap but areactually very different. Coaching can be part of the mentorship, but mentorsare not coaches.
There are differences betweenmentoring and coaching:
Coaching focus on the short-termaccomplishment of one goal or the development of a single skill. Whilementoring focuses on multiple, often longer-term goals.
Coaching responsibly forproviding the means for a protégé to meet a goal. While mentoring responsiblefor supporting protégé as she works to accomplish her goals.
Coaching provides specificfeedback and direction on managing a single situation or topic. While mentoringprovides general, non-judgmental feedback and support.
Coaching focuses onskills-specific involvement while mentoring focuses more on personalinvolvement.
In coaching, the tasks and stepsfor accomplishment are determined by the coach. While in mentoring, tasks andsteps for accomplishment are determined by protégé.
Then in coaching, it providesdirection for protégé to guide future steps and actions. While in mentoring,protégé determines future actions
I was a protege in 2019. Duringthat time my mentor was Ewelina Durlak. She helped me to determine the tasksand steps needed to achieve my goals through discussions we had and sheaccompanied me while I am practising. We focused on longer-term goals such asbeing a great speaker that covers the aspects of speech such as clarity, vocal variety, eyecontact, gestures, audience awareness, comfort level, interest and topic. As a result, I become a better speaker than before. Butit was held for short time due to the limited time we have. I was a member oftoastmasters for less than 1 term. A similar thing has happened when I was thetoastmaster's member at the University of Indonesia Toastmasters Club. Thementorship program was not popular in our club I suppose.
Instead, I am really helpful by the comments that you gave me after my speeches. In my opinion, I count this as coaching, because the comments given were based on my speech that happened at that time. Although it's just in the form of small notes, it really helps me to observe what is my weaknesses. After observing which elements of speech I need to improve on, therefore I can focus on this part.
Fellow toastmasters and guests,we have learned about the difference between a coach (the one who directed mein how to repair a broken ceiling fan in my new home) and a mentor (the one whoencouraged me to try to do it myself). I need to have a mentor to speedy improve my public speaking skills, and I'm looking for it in this club. Hopefully, I will find my new mentor. I would like to close this with a quotefrom Oprah Winfrey that “A mentor is someone who allows you to see the hopeinside yourself.”.
Thank you,
@TifaniHayyu


Nearly a year ago, Microsoft announced the creation of a new, eco-friendly initiative – Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability. The cloud offering is aimed at helping companies quantify their carbon emissions, set sustainability goals, and ultimately get moving toward a greener future. On June 1, 2022, that initial announcement came to full fruition with the general availability of Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability, now paired with additional offerings including Microsoft Sustainability Manager and updated sustainability data models. With burgeoning customer interest in sustainable practices and increasing regulation driving companies to act, Microsoft is aiming to capitalize on growing demand by introducing a set of tools that businesses can purchase and implement to up their sustainability game.
Record, Report and Reduce
Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability offers its users ways to tackle the sustainability problem, regardless of where they’re at on the path to net zero. Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability focuses on four key pillars or capabilities:
Unify Data Intelligence Build a Sustainable IT Infrastructure Reduce the Environmental Impact of Operations Create Sustainable Value Chains
Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability pulls together a variety of technologies, partnerships and data sets to cover these four areas, allowing enterprises to pick and choose where they want to focus their energies, and identify what steps they want to take to improve their operations. The key theme here is personalization, with solutions that are customizable for specific industry (and enterprise) needs.
Additionally, by pulling together previously unconnected tools and data sets from partner applications, Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability aims to simplify an enterprise’s sustainability efforts by moving all-things-sustainability into a single, all-inclusive hub.
Microsoft Sustainability Manager is the latest addition to the broader Microsoft sustainability toolkit, with the stated goal of allowing enterprises to record, report and reduce their environmental impact. While reduction is certainly the ultimate goal from an environmental perspective, enterprises will likely be interested in the “report” function of Microsoft’s Sustainability Manager, which aims to simplify and improve an enterprise’s environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting. Microsoft also anticipates the “record” functionality will be a game-changer, as the platform is designed to centralize an enterprise’s complete environmental data in a single location.
The Time Is Now for the Datacenter Industry’s Sustainability & Efficiency Story Putting a Price on Sustainability
With the general availability of Microsoft’s Cloud for Sustainability comes the intriguing question of price: how much does Microsoft believe businesses are willing to pay for a sustainability toolkit?
The answer, for now at least, is $4,000 per tenant, per month. The pricing sheet comes with a small caveat at the bottom explaining that additional post-GA features could bump the price up further, once added. For a set subscription price (which, annually, comes in well below the average U.S. salary of $146,599 for a human employee with the title of sustainability manager), Microsoft offers a platform that allows enterprises to actively track, report on, and work toward their sustainability initiatives.
With growing demand from end users for transparency in ESG initiatives, it makes sense that Microsoft would leverage its cloud and data capabilities to create a sustainability toolkit. In a September 2021 451 Alliance survey, 82% of respondents indicated that a cloud provider’s commitment to ESG initiatives was either “somewhat” or “very” important when evaluating the cloud vendor. Microsoft, by introducing its Cloud for Sustainability offering, is showcasing its own commitment to ESG initiatives, while simultaneously creating a product that capitalizes on the growing demand from end users for sustainability transparency and climate goals.


In a set-up like ours, we offer leading-edge technologies in diabetes management; offer insulin pumps; and continuous glucose sensor options.
Best team of clinicians, physicians, diabetes educators, nurses, registered dietitians with expertise in care for type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, and other endocrine disorders.
A dedicated team is available 24x7 that ensures that the patients receive the best care possible.
Specialists who are involved in the latest diabetes and endocrinology research.
Provide patients with more accurate diagnoses and advanced treatment options. We have designed some user-friendly packages for evaluating individuals thoroughly for hormonal and metabolic disorders.
Major concerns and their treatment provided at the hospital includes:
Cardiovascular problems are one of the most common diseases associated with mortality. Lack of physical activity, modern lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, lack of nutrition, and various other socio-economic conditions – have increased cardiovascular problems. Even though multiple medical treatments are available to treat heart issues, a pacemaker remains one of the most important advances in providing care for heart patients.
A Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)
Heart failure is a serious condition marked by the inefficiency of the heart muscles to pump blood to different parts of the body. Also referred to as congestive heart failure, the condition can prove to be life-threatening if not addressed immediately. Such patients are often recommended to undergo a heart transplant, a surgical procedure that involves the replacement of a diseased or non-functional part of the patient’s heart with a healthy heart taken from a deceased donor.


Mar. 17, 2015
Setting off on a new path in the radiation sciences can take courage, and a little assistance is sometimes needed to help those transitioning into radiation therapy. As radiation therapists who have experienced all the growth prospects the field provides, Elaine Chin, B.S., R.T.(T), CMD, and Steve J. Hardy, M.S., R.T.(R)(T)(CT), CMD, were inspired to create a scholarship that gives others a chance to receive these opportunities.
Elaine and Steve's long partnership in radiation therapy began when Steve decided to transition from medical imaging to radiation therapy, and Elaine was the program director at the San Diego Community Radiation Therapy Education Program he attended. From there, they continued their professional partnership as she mentored and trained him in dosimetry and eventually hired him as a therapist/dosimetrist at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).
After Elaine left UCSD to serve as director of radiation therapy at Scripps Health, she continued to work with Steve as a clinical coordinator for the school. They also served together on the ASRT Foundation Scholarship Committee.
In working together and mentoring each other throughout their professional careers, Steve and Elaine gained key insights into the needs of those transitioning from radiology to radiation therapy. Currently, these individuals only qualify for professional-level scholarships through the ASRT Foundation. Additionally, they often do not have the extensive experience and backgrounds that others in the scholarship applicant pool have.
With those factors in mind, Elaine and Steve created the Radiation Therapy Pioneers Scholarship to offer individuals transitioning from radiology to radiation therapy a scholarship specifically designed for them.
Honoring the Radiation Sciences Through Service
The main inspiration for the scholarship was the pioneering effort of those who mentored, trained and developed future radiation therapists before formal radiation therapy educational programs were created.
These pioneers ensured the next generation of radiation therapists had the knowledge, skills and foresight to grow and enhance the field. Just as Elaine began as Steve's mentor, with their relationship evolving into one where each became a key professional sounding board for the other, both look forward to mentoring future radiation therapists through this scholarship. Building on a Good Beginning
Elaine and Steve are providing the seed money to start the Radiation Therapy Pioneers Scholarship, but they also hope others will contribute and join them in making this a sustainable annual scholarship. In the spirit of those early pioneers in the radiation sciences who helped the profession grow and evolve, this scholarship offers individuals an opportunity to affect change. Every contribution adds to the whole and significantly enhances the awards that can be granted.
Elaine and Steve both feel strongly that everyone should feel compelled to give back at some level and know that the gift will make a difference. They are optimistic that many others will join them to help their colleagues transition into the dynamic field of radiation therapy.


The rise of bitcoin along with other cryptocurrencies represents a watershed moment for the world of digital innovation.
But the growth in the market capitalization and complexity of these assets has spawned the need for an “assurance service” that provides auditing, verification, monitoring and reporting around them.
Verady, LLC, a company with a stellar track record in delivering these services to the Bitcoin market for several years, is now extending and launching a public-facing network platform to fill this growing need across all blockchain asset classes.
Established in October 2016 as a startup company based in Atlanta, Georgia, Verady’s strategic path was paved by way of discussions and research from the blockchain regulatory software company Coinpliance and its clients.
Coinpliance was founded in 2013 and successfully serviced the Bitcoin marketplace until the sale of its processing service to a major client. The founders of Coinpliance later combined their experience and assets to form Verady.
Verady’s two co-founders, Kell Canty and Nathan Eppinger, are both computer science graduates from Georgia Tech. Their combination of common backgrounds with differing experience levels and perspectives have led to a unique profile for the company.
“I’m a technologist by heart and have a computer science degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology,” said Canty. “I’ve co-founded multiple fintech startups, including a market-leading real-time credit and risk assessment company that was acquired into Fair Isaac Corporation.”
Canty initially became aware of Bitcoin through his interest in payments and computer science in 2012. Later, he became intrigued by the concept for a Bitcoin regulatory software company. This led to the founding of Coinpliance in 2013. Later, he and Eppinger reconnected to establish Verady for the purpose of addressing the world of blockchain asset assurance.
As CEO of Verady, Canty leads product direction and business development efforts, while Eppinger serves as the CTO.
When asked what emerging trends are currently informing the strategic direction Verady, Canty indicated the following:
The amazing rate of growth in terms of both the value and diversity of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies and tokenized assets The lack of tools and services to address traditional industry standards regarding accounting, auditing and verification of blockchain assets Gaps from a regulatory standpoint, particularly in the area of taxation


COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Transient Amnesia
We observed cases of transient global amnesia (TGA) after the 1st or 3rd dose of a COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly population of our study.
Recent review of reports from the World Health Organization VigiBase® ideitified 289 TGA cases associated with a COVID-19 vaccine. The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, also known as COMIRNATY® or Tozinameran was mostly represented (147, 50.8%), followed by the Oxford/AstraZeneca or ChAdOx1-SAZD1222 (69, 23,8%), Moderna - SPIKEVAX, elasomeran - (60, 20.8%), and JNJ-78436735 (12, 4.2%).
Cerebrovascular, inflammatory, or migrainous mechanisms may underlie this association. Yet, numerous confounding factors cannot be tackled with this approach, and causality cannot be ascertained.
Here is an exemplar medical case:
Two weeks after receiving the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine, a disease-free 38-year-old woman experienced acute onset of abnormal symptoms, such as amnesia, incoherent speech, and difficulty typing using communication software.Her immediate adverse reactions following vaccination were only fever and general malaise for 2 days.
On arrival at the emergency department, the patient was conscious clear but demonstrated psychomotor slowing and confabulation. Neurological examination revealed high levels of cortical dysfunction including poor judgement; disorientation to time, place, and person; impaired short-term memory; failed abstract thinking; impaired calculation; and impaired language function (including partial incoherence, agraphia, and anomic aphasia). The language domains of fluency, reading, and repetition remained notably intact. No cranial nerve, motor, sensory, or coordination dysfunction were observed. Brain computed tomography revealed negative findings of hemorrhage and structural lesion. While waiting in the emergency room, the patient experienced a first-time seizure with a general pattern of a tonic–clonic seizure. The patient was prescribed lorazepam and levetiracetam, and the seizure subsided. The patient presented postictal confusion and agitation. She was admitted for examination and treatment. Brain MRI revealed a subacute infarction at the right internal capsule through diffusion-weighted imaging (Fig. 1A), and magnetic resonance angiography revealed an irregularity in vascular contour, indicating potential vasculopathy, such as vasculitis (Fig. 1B). EEG revealed diffuse background slowing with intermittent low to moderate voltage sharp transients at the right frontotemporal region.
Qualitative serum tests for paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome, including anti-Tr(DNER), anti-GAD65, antiZic4, anti-titin, anti-SOX-1, anti-Recovertin, anti-Hu, anti-Yo, anti-Ri, anti-PNMA2(Ma2/Ta), anti-CV2, and anti-amphiphsyin, were all negative. Qualitative serum and CSF tests for limbic encephalitis, including antiNMDAR, anti-AMPAR1, anti-AMPAR2, anti-GABABR, anti-LGI1, and anti-CASPR2, were all negative. Although autoantibodies were all absent detected, seronegative autoimmune encephalopathy triggered by the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination was highly suspected. In addition to levetiracetam, the doctors initiated steroid pulse therapy at the start of treatment. The regimen was methylprednisolone 1000 mg IV daily for 5 days, which was subsequently changed to prednisolone 30 mg PO daily starting from day 6 of admission. The patient’s symptoms dramatically improved from day 3 of admission. The patient was discharged without neurological deficit or sequelae. One week after discharge, the patient received repeat EEG, which revealed resolved slow waves without epileptiform discharges (Fig. 3). Three months later, repeated brain MRI revealed regressive change of previous irregularity of vascular contour. (Fig. 1C)
REFERENCES
Merino D, Gérard AO, Van Obberghen EK, Ben Othman N, Ettore E, Giordana B, Viard D, Rocher F, Destere A, Benoit M, Drici MD. COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Transient Global Amnesia: A Disproportionality Analysis of the WHO Safety Database. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022:1858.
Huang YJ, Huang CS. Postvaccinal Encephalopathy Presenting with Amnesia and Seizure After ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination: A Case Report. Acta Neurologica Taiwanica. 2022 Sep 18;31(3):111-5.


September 22, 2022
Hon. Rodney Streeter
Chair, Transportation, Infrastructure, Energy and Environment Committee (TIEE) Prince George’s County Council Wayne K. Curry Administration Bldg., 1301 McCormick Drive, 2nd Floor Largo, MD 20774
RE: APPT-34-22 Appointment of the following individual as Director of the Department of Public Works and Transportation (DPW&T) for Prince George’s County: Mr. Michael D. Johnson, P.E.
CSG supports the appointment of Mr. Johnson as Director of DPW&T. We are excited to support the movement of DPW&T towards safer streets, more reliable and frequent transit, and access to thriving businesses and neighborhoods. We note that DPW&T’s 2017 Urban Street Design Standards, which are part of the county’s road code, have not been implemented, or if they have, at a level that is hard to perceive. These national best practice street designs should be guiding new construction, retrofitting, and maintenance projects around transit centers.
At the core of the urban street types are standards for arterials and collector roads — higher order roads — which are often considered primarily for moving motor vehicles. However, in a mixed use land use context, including around transit stations, these arterials and collectors have new purposes — they are designated “Mixed Use Boulevards” in the 2017 DWP&T urban street standards, and all have a design speed of 25 MPH for motor vehicles. This is in contrast to conventional arterials and collectors with design speeds of 50 and 40 MPH. Lower speeds are essential for making an environment friendly and less dangerous to people traveling on foot or bicycling. Higher speed roadways kill more people (walking or driving), and are not compatible with economic development goals around transit stations which rely on creating a sense of place. To ensure that the TOD policies of the county succeed, we need to start implementing the supportive urban street design standards that DPW&T has already developed and adopted into its road code.
We ask the Committee to provide stronger oversight of DPW&T to ensure that Prince George’s is taking full advantage of these approved urban street designs that support the County’s economic development and safety goals.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,


Abstract
Rapid progress in the field of industrialization and informatization methods has led to huge progress in the development of nextgeneration production technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a pervasive technology, and now it is used in all areas of everyday life, from healthcare to technological production. The new industrial revolution began with connected technologies supported by the Internet of Things. However, the security of the Internet of Things is still an open question since in case of unauthorized access, data from sensors can be changed, for example, by a user with authorized access rights, which can lead to unforeseen consequences.
Keywords References A, Liu, S, Khatun, H. Liu, M. Miraz, IEEE, Lightweight Blockchain of Things (BCoT) Architecture for Enhanced Security: A Literature Review (2020) A. Reyna, C. Martín, J. Chen, E. Soler, M. Díaz, FGCS, On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities, 88, 173-190 (2018) L. Ismail, H. Materwala, S.Zeadally, IEEE, Lightweight Blockchain for Healthcare (2019) U. Bodkhe, S.Tanwar, K.Parekh, P.Khanpara, S.Tyagi, N.Kumar, M.Alazab, IEEE, Blockchain for Industry 4.0: A Comprehensive Review (2020)


When a contractor does not fulfil obligations to the extent identified in the contract. Poor performance can lead to claims of breach, and ultimately to termination of a contract if it is significant and not remedied, despite intervention attempts. Legal advice should be sought in situations where it is unclear whether the performance issues are significant enough to invoke termination.


MITID and NemID are similar in structure, but they differ greatly in adaptability. While both have many of the same functionalities, MitID has more flexibility and adaptability. This article will focus on the differences between the two IDs and how they can be used in a bank setting. While MitID is more widely used, its flexibility can make it more attractive to certain types of financial institutions. However, it is important to note that the two IDs are not interchangeable.
MitID was designed to provide a secure digital identification and digital signature. In contrast, NemID was created to work as both a digital identity and a digital signature. Unlike MitID, which will not support both, it will provide options for those with special needs. Those with impaired vision can use the audio code reader to read the code. Those who have a NemID can use it to obtain the new ID. Those who don’t have a NemID will need to go to a Citizen Center to get their CPR number and then receive the MitID. The MitID website offers more detailed information on the service.
NemID is a centralized identity management system, while MitID will be a pure authentication solution. MitID will not support digital signing, but it will be offered by a trusted digital signature provider. It will have the same coherence between technical elements as the NemID, and will offer the same overall experience as eID. The full form of the acronym MITID is MITID. The acronym reflects the concept of identity verification.
New developements – MitID
Unlike the previous Danish Digital ID called NemID, MitID is designed to be integrated in various digital services and transactions. Companies can use the same MitID to manage users, authenticators, certificates and roles. This means that companies can comply with the strict security requirements of the eID. If you are interested in learning more about eID, please contact the Danish government’s office. They are looking forward to the success of MitID.
While NemID was designed to act as both a digital identification and a digital signature, MitID is a pure authentication solution. It does not support digital signing, but will be offered by a third party. It will still have coherence between the two technical elements and will be used as an eID as an overall solution. So, while it’s still in a closed pilot phase, it is possible to sign up now, as soon as it is available. With a full-featured digital identification, the MITID will be used by the public and private sectors. The new IDs will replace NemID in 2021, but in the meantime, both IDs will be used as an ID for bank customers. The transition will take place in the summer of 2021, and the transition from NemID to MitID will be managed by Penneo. There is no timeline set for the implementation of the new system.


Catherine M. Pittman, Ph.D., HSPP, is a licensed clinical psychologist, and psychology professor at Saint Mary’s College in Notre Dame, IN. As a practicing clinical psychologist for over 25 years, she most frequently provides therapy to those coping with depression and anxiety-based disorders, including OCD and PTSD. She also is experienced in neuropsychological rehabilitation with individuals who have experienced brain injuries or strokes. Dr. Pittman has conducted research in both fear conditioning and neuropsychology, preparing her well to understand both human and animal models elucidating the neurology of fear and anxiety. Her research has also explored the detrimental effects of benzodiazepines in treatment of anxiety and other disorders. Along with Elizabeth Karle, Dr. Pittman authored Social Networking and Benzodiazepine Withdrawal: The Reality of Dependence and Necessity of Support.


By IPCS
By Siddharth Ramana
The death of bin Laden holds a significant impact for several states. This article seeks to briefly elucidate on three regions – the US, West Asia and Pakistan.
The US was declared public enemy number one by bin Laden, owing to alleged insults to the Islamic ummah, including supporting the state of Israel, the Saudi royal family and business and political interests throughout the Arab and Muslim world. The US was the worst affected country by al Qaeda’s terrorist acts, which included attacks against it and its interests across the world, including New York, Yemen, Kenya, Tanzania and Afghanistan. However, bin Laden has in recent years played a significant role in the domestic political landscape of the US, an example being the re-appearance of bin Laden in a videotaped message addressed to the American people on the eve of their presidential elections. At the time, President Bush was contesting for re-election, and it has been argued that bin Laden’s message polarized voting patterns in favour of Bush’s harsh militaristic policies in the Middle East.
For President Barack Obama, bin Laden could also serve to bolster his efforts at re-election, especially in light of continued criticism for his regional foreign policy handling, including the sensitive Af-Pak policy, which determines US withdrawal from South Asia. President Obama, in his first election campaign, had repeatedly spoken about the importance of prioritizing American interests in dealing with the al Qaeda over his predecessor’s emphasis on the stabilization of Iraq. Osama bin Laden’s death would also greatly improve Obama’s counter-terrorism credentials, especially since his tenure has seen a significant increase in attempted terrorist attacks on American soil from homegrown terrorists.
The death of bin Laden will be interpreted variously in the countries of West Asia. Among these, Saudi Arabia and its ruling family, which has faced intense criticism and condemnation from bin Laden, would top the list. Osama bin Laden, a Saudi national, was stripped of his citizenship, and had orchestrated a number of attacks within Saudi Arabia in an attempt to topple the Saudi regime. While a number of fact-finding reports have indicted Saudi officials for patronizing bin Laden in various capacities, his death removes a key opponent to the ruling family.
Another country which would take strong note of his death would be Shia-majority Iran which has held under house arrest members of bin Laden’s family for political and financial gains from bin Laden himself and the Saudi government. Bin Laden’s death is also significant for Tehran, since it eliminates the leader of a global group which is perceived to be anti-Shia.
However, the death of bin Laden leaves the ruling Saudi class and much of the pro-West Arab world, with a significantly weakened argument that their rule remains the only bulwark against Islamic fundamentalism in an energy-rich region. It offers an opportunity for the US to reiterate its global hegemonic position in eliminating enemies. This is significant as it comes at a time of increased turmoil in the aftermath of the Jasmine revolution. The US would seek to establish this as a new chapter in its engagement with the region, reviewing certain policies which allowed bin Laden to gain legitimacy. This can be gauged from the opposition to President Saleh in Yemen, despite enhanced fears of al Qaeda in the Arab peninsula becoming the stronger branch of the outfit in the country.
President Obama, in his address confirming bin Laden’s death, made it a point to praise Pakistan’s counter-terrorism efforts which helped American forces reach the fortified compound. However, the very presence of bin Laden in the heart of Pakistan, in an area where senior military officials lived, will raise questions of integrity. The number of significant captures/assassinations of terrorist suspects inside Pakistan is a worrying trend, that the Pakistani officials are hesitant in addressing. For example, for years former President Pervez Musharraf argued that bin Laden was either dead or located in the Afghan section of the region, even as repeated high-value captures of targets in Pakistan repeatedly embarrassing the nation.
Significantly, while President Obama has praised Pakistan’s assistance in Osama’s discovery, contrary Pakistani press reports suggest that the Pakistani establishment has declined the honour, claiming it was in entirety an American operation. This can be largely attributed to efforts to deflect reprisal attacks. However, it has been essentially confirmed that terrorists find safe haven in Pakistani soil, and therefore shying away from any praise would further negate Pakistan’s standing in the counter-terrorism community. It can be expected that the inability of Pakistan to act of its own accord will force many more unilateral military actions against targets.
Siddharth Ramana Research Officer, IPCS email: [email protected]


Molybdenum (Mo) is a silvery transition metal renowned for its exceptional corrosion resistance and extremely high melting point. It is also an important micronutrient like iron or magnesium. This article will not cover the biological properties of molybdenum nor its role in body functions. Instead, we aim to offer a comprehensive overview of the chemistry and thermodynamics of molybdenum in construction and engineering applications.
Chemical Properties of Molybdenum
Atomic Number 42 Atomic Mass 95.96 Density 10.22 g/cm 3 Melting Point 2623°C Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 4.8 x 10-6 / K at 25°C
Molybdenum lies in the second transition series of the periodic table and belongs to the refractory metals group. Refractories are typically characterized by their outstanding thermophysical properties, including a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and relatively high density. Distinguishable from the likes of tungsten (W) by its ductility, relatively low density, and unmatched CTE, molybdenum is often viewed as the most economical refractory for manufacturing applications.
Pure molybdenum can withstand a wide range of non-oxidizing acids and molten materials, but will rapidly corrode in the presence of alkalis and oxidizing materials. When exposed to air at temperatures greater than 760°C, for example, the oxide layer will sublime and the base metal will succumb to corrosion. Consequently, molybdenum works best in inert/vacuum environments, or as part of an alloy system.
Background of Molybdenum
Initially confused for a lead (Pb) compound, molybdenum was first identified in 1779 when it was isolated from the mineral molybdenite (MoS
2). It was discovered that molybdenum does not occur as a free metal and is instead only found naturally in oxidation states from -II to +VI. Most commercial molybdenum available today is still extracted from molybdenite via oxidation roasting or nitric acid leaching. It can also be obtained from molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3) and the lead molybdate wulfenite (PbMoO 4).
H.C. Starck Solutions has been heavily invested in molybdenum manufacturing for years, devoting enormous resources to refining our product development pipelines and building a robust global supply chain. We are among the world’s leading suppliers of molybdenum alloy flats, sheets, tubes, and high-purity powders for emerging applications including additive manufacturing (AM).
Common Molybdenum Alloys Titanium-Zirconium-Molybdenum (TZM)
We consolidate our TZM alloys by either powder metallurgy or vacuum arc-casting. The inclusion of 0.50% titanium and 0.08% zirconium leads to the formation of carbides which increases both strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures. This enables the use of TZM at service temperatures that would typically yield a loss of strength in pure molybdenum counterparts, such as in rotating anodes for X-ray tubes.
Molybdenum-Hafnium-Carbide (MHC)
Our MHC alloys boast high recrystallization temperatures, excellent strength, and good all-around thermal properties. It is an ideal molybdenum alloy for forging applications.
Molybdenum-Lanthanum (MoLa)
Incorporating small volumes of lanthanum into a molybdenum alloy alters the overall microstructure, promoting greater stability at temperatures approaching 2000°C. Additionally, MoLa alloys exhibit exceptional formability compared to all grades of pure molybdenum. They are subsequently ideal for heating elements and other furnace components.
Molybdenum-Tungsten (Mo30W)
We supply arc-cast molybdenum-tungsten alloys based primarily on the composition with 30% tungsten by weight. This combines the attractive properties of each, yielding outstanding thermodynamic performance in the most challenging working environments. Our Mo30W alloys are widely used to stir rods, components for processing molten zinc, and more.
Interested in molybdenum alloys ?
Contact a member of the H.C. Starck Solutions team today if you would like to learn more about the range of alloys and products that we routinely supply.


Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had substantial impacts on lives across the globe. Job losses have been widespread, and individuals have experienced significant restrictions on their usual activities, including extended isolation from family and friends. While studies suggest population mental health worsened from before the pandemic, not all individuals appear to have experienced poorer mental health. This raises the question of how people managed to cope during the pandemic. Methods To understand the coping strategies individuals employed during the COVID-19 pandemic, we used structural topic modelling, a text mining technique, to extract themes from free-text data on coping from over 11,000 UK adults, collected between 14 October and 26 November 2020. Results We identified 16 topics. The most discussed coping strategy was ‘thinking positively’ and involved themes of gratefulness and positivity. Other strategies included engaging in activities and hobbies (such as doing DIY, exercising, walking and spending time in nature), keeping routines, and focusing on one day at a time. Some participants reported more avoidant coping strategies, such as drinking alcohol and binge eating. Coping strategies varied by respondent characteristics including age, personality traits and sociodemographic characteristics and some coping strategies, such as engaging in creative activities, were associated with more positive lockdown experiences. Conclusion A variety of coping strategies were employed by individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The coping strategy an individual adopted was related to their overall lockdown experiences. This may be useful for helping individuals prepare for future lockdowns or other events resulting in self-isolation. Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Funding Statement
This Covid-19 Social Study was funded by the Nuffield Foundation [WEL/FR-000022583], but the views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily the Foundation. The study was also supported by the MARCH Mental Health Network funded by the Cross-Disciplinary Mental Health Network Plus initiative supported by UK Research and Innovation [ES/S002588/1], and by the Wellcome Trust [221400/Z/20/Z]. DF was funded by the Wellcome Trust [205407/Z/16/Z]. The study was also supported by HealthWise Wales, the Health and Car Research Wales initiative, which is led by Cardiff University in collaboration with SAIL, Swansea University. The funders had no final role in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. All researchers listed as authors are independent from the funders and all final decisions about the research were taken by the investigators and were unrestricted.
Author Declarations
I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.
Yes
The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:
The study was approved by the UCL Research Ethics Committee [12467/005] and all participants gave informed consent.
All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.
Yes
I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).
Yes
I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.
Yes
Data Availability
The free-text data used in this study cannot be made publicly available due to stipulations set out by the ethics committee. The code used in the analysis is available at https://osf.io/xqu8h/.


Every year, millions of people in America are involved in car accidents. Injuries resulting from these accidents can range from mild to severe and in worse-case scenarios, causing permanent disability or death. For years, at Holder Susan Slusher, we’ve dealt with a wide range of car accident-related cases. Some of the usual car accident injuries …


Kyewalyanga, M.S.; Mwandya, A.W.. Experiments to assess a suitable rate of fertilisation of earthen ponds for production of rotifers and protozoa were conducted in April 2000. Production of rotifers and protozoa (hereinafter collectively referred to as rotifers) was stimulated by flooding the ponds using seawater and rainfall. In the simulations, seawater diluted to 20 ppt salinity activated initial production. In all systems, the fertiliser concentration was approximately 1 ml of chicken manure to 2 litres of seawater. Three different rates of fertilisation were tested. The results clearly showed that the higher the frequency of addition of manure, the higher the production of rotifers per ml. Fertilised ponds had maximum averages of between 64 and 76 rotifers/ml as compared to a maximum... Tipo: Journal Contribution Palavras-chave: Rotifers; Fertilisation rate; Earthen ponds; Nutrients; Simulatioru. Ano: 2002 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/22


Abstract
Aluminum allows for significant plasmon responses in ultraviolet (UV) regime of spectrum, where conventional plasmonic materials such as silver and gold lack plasmonic behavior due to their inherent dissipative limitation from lower plasmon frequency and inter-band transition. Such UV plasmonic resonance based on aluminum nanostructures could be challenging due to the smaller feature size of nanoscale resonator and remarkable sensitivity to oxidization. Here we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate lithography-free transmission filters using triple layers of continuous ultra-thin Al and dielectric films. Our proposed transmission filter is a triple-layer Fabry-Perot cavity and operates from 2.5 to 5.5 eV with bandwidth down to 0.5 eV and transmission amplitude up to 50%. Such flat Al ultra-thin film coatings suggest the use of aluminum as low-cost UV filters and UV optoelectronics as well as structural coloring applications.
Keywords UV filters aluminum plasmonic flat optics lithography-free metal-insulator-metal thin films ASJC Scopus subject areas Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics


By Brian in Immigration | on 2022-01-10 20:41:00
When a foreign national marries a U.S. citizen, he or she receives no automatic benefit. The parties must file for legal status and await a final decision.
Foreign national located in the U.S. may be eligible for a process known as
adjustment of status which entails applying for residency, or a green card, and completing the application process entirely within the U.S. Those eligible for adjustment of status does not have to leave the U.S. in order to obtain this benefit.
Some individuals within the U.S. are eligible to adjust their status without leaving, others must consular process and leave the U.S. to attend their
visa interview, and yet others are ineligible to obtain any benefit at all. Those who leave the U.S. to attend a visa interview without the advice and representation of an immigration attorney may be at risk of not being permitted to return to the U.S. One should always ensure that they meet all legal requirements to return before departing the U.S.
Individuals who were inspected and admitted to the U.S. are typically eligible to adjust their status, with some exceptions. One example of inspection and
admission is when someone enters the country by presenting a valid visa. Upon presentation of a visa at entry, border officials determine how long the foreign national may stay in the U.S. It is not uncommon for someone to overstay and remain in the U.S. beyond the departure date.
Those in this situation who
later married a U.S. citizen are typically eligible for adjustment of status. However, eligibility could be affected by how many times the individual has overstayed. Whether or not that individual has ever entered the U.S. without inspection. Before attending an adjustment of status interview, it is imperative that the parties consult with an attorney to ensure eligibility. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has the power to issue a Notice to Appear which places the individual into court removal proceedings, formerly known as deportation proceedings.


Abu Dhabi School of Government (ADSG) has launched the Digital Learning Challenge, as part of Abu Dhabi government’s ‘Digital Month’.
The challenge is open to all Abu Dhabi government employees through the academy’s cutting-edge online learning platform.
The challenge will run for a period of three months and will contribute to achieving Abu Dhabi’s digital transformation strategy.
As part of the challenge, government employees will be required to complete a set of courses tailored to their current roles from the following categories: business, data science, and technology. Learners and government entities with the highest number of learning credits will receive awards in June 2020.
The aim of this initiative is to ensure all employees build the required skills for the age of digital transformation. Over 100 courses from the world’s top universities and learning institutions have been selected from ADSG’s e-learning platform. Programmes on the platform are tailored to the context and needs of the Abu Dhabi government.
Alia Abdulla Al Mazrouei, acting director general, Abu Dhabi School of Government (ADSG), said, “ADSG strongly advocates continuous learning through digital platforms. By launching this challenge, we can continue to play an active role in digital learning as part of Abu Dhabi’s ongoing digital transformation.
“We are so proud of the significant investment our government makes in developing its people, and our online learning programmes play a part in providing Abu Dhabi government employees with the tools to excel in their workplace and navigate future market conditions. By enrolling in this challenge, we hope to see more government employees taking the opportunity to upskill themselves and participate in implementing the Emirate’s enhanced digital transformation strategy, alongside many of Abu Dhabi’s leading government entities.”
The initiative was launched as part of ‘Digital Month’ and will continue until June 2020. Learners are encouraged to take as many courses within the category of courses presented in the challenge.
Courses are available on ADSG’s e-learning platform developed in partnership with Coursera, the world’s largest online learning platform. The ADSG e-learning team have identified 100 courses for this challenge specifically, out of the 3,000 courses available on the platform. Abu Dhabi government employees have unlimited access to programmes from over 290 of the world’s top academic organisations. Institutions such as Yale University, Duke University, Imperial College London, Google, and IMD offer various programmes and certifications on the platform.


How are you?
Have you stopped to ask yourself this?
We are so engaged in the world around us, our homes, families, kids, fur babies, jobs, the list goes on. Sometimes we forget to slow down and check in on what our own mind, body, and spirit hunger for. So today, right now, the Wendy Christina team inquires ‘How are you?’ because maybe you have not paused to ask yourself.
We ask because Wendy Christina Skincare endeavours to nurture individuals as well as the world. To elegantly and professionally seek restoration for the wholeness of all. Our direct contribution involves the health of the body—specifically skincare. Indirectly, Wendy Christina affects climate by uncompromisingly remaining eco-friendly. We are passionate advocates for the protection of our animals who share this earth with us. As a result, our products are cruelty free and not tested on animals
Wendy Christina focuses on harnessing plants for their natural power and energy, replenishing the body. Therefore our skincare range concentrates on cell regeneration, collagen synthesis, and effective hydration.
This week we look at more key essential oils for healthy and glowing skin:
Citrus: Sweet Orange, Mandarin & Lime
Citrus: Sweet Orange, Mandarin & Lime are renowned for antibacterial, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. Our three essential oils of the hour are no exception. Sweet orange, mandarin, and lime share the property of being a relaxant for the nervous system. Consequently, these citrus essential oils bring a sense of security. All three are natural cleansers that remove toxins from the skin. Hence Sweet orange, mandarin, and lime stimulate the lymphatic system and fortify our outer layer from harmful bacteria.
Lime and Mandarin is recommended for congested or oily skin types. Limes have the ability to counteract overproduction of sebum and mandarins soothe the skin. Sweet orange is used for dry, irritated, or acne prone skin. Sweet orange is considered to possess regenerative and soothing properties. Additionally, the regenerative property of sweet orange makes it ideal for ageing or rough skin.
Sweet Orange as a key ingredient
The Pink Himalayan Salt body scrub is a nutrient dense, hydrating, all around skin saviour. This body scrub contains such a cornucopia of nutrients that it had to make another appearance! Sweet orange – in conjunction with pink grapefruit and green coffee seed extract – aid the skin in the lymphatic cleansing process.
Currently available in 230ml & 500ml
Mandarin as a key ingredient
The Mandarin, Basil, Black pepper hand and body lotion is ideally used with the Pink Himalayan body scrub. It leaves a luscious and exotic impact on your skin. The inclusion of Mandarin specifically impacts the aromatherapy. Mandarin brings a calm and warmth to the senses while cleansing and acting as an anti-inflammatory in the skin.
Currently available in 500ml


Many people assume that cryptocurrencies are anonymous because they don't require a bank account or use financial intermediaries. But while your identity isn't necessarily known, every transaction includes two unique wallet addresses and appears on a public record (the blockchain). As a result, cryptocurrencies are much less anonymous than cash.
Some cryptocurrency projects attempt to improve anonymity through
mixers that combine transactions or more fundamental design decisions that obfuscate wallet addresses. But recently, they've come under intense regulatory pressure after the Treasury sanctioned Tornado Cash, a popular Ethereum coin mixing service.
Let's look at how crypto mixers work, why governments have an issue with them, and alternatives for privacy-conscious users.
Crypto mixers enhance the privacy of cryptocurrencies byobfuscating wallet addresses and transaction amounts
What is a Crypto Mixer?
A crypto mixer is a third-party service or protocol that blends cryptocurrency transactions from many users together before posting them to the blockchain. As a result, it's impossible to determine the origin of any individual transaction. And some crypto mixers go a step further by depositing funds into newly minted wallets each time.
There are two reasons to use crypto mixers:
Financial Privacy– Crypto users and investors may want to keep their financial transactions private. For instance, a wealthy investor might want to hide their actions to avoid tipping off the rest of the market. Or, a consumer might want to purchase something (legally) without anyone tracing the transaction back to them. Money Laundering– Criminals launder between $800 million and $2 trillion of ill-gotten funds annually. Since they obscure the origins of transactions, they can funnel money from criminal activities through legitimate-sounding businesses and pay themselves without raising suspicion.
The most popular crypto mixers include:
Cryptomixer.io Anonymixer UniJoin Mixy CoinJoin Wasabi Wallet Samourai How Crypto Mixers Work
Crypto mixers, like Tornado Cash, are typically decentralized smart contract protocols that accept token deposits from one wallet address and let you withdraw them to a different address. Other crypto mixers, like Blender.io, operate as centralized entities, where users can deposit tokens to a wallet address and receive tokens in a destination wallet.
When you deposit a token, you receive a secret code that you need to withdraw the funds later. The platform then mixes tokens from various users to break the on-chain links between senders and recipients. When you withdraw funds, you specify a wallet address and provide the secret code, which acts as the private key for the transaction.
Crypto mixers typically charge transaction fees ranging from 0.05% to 2.5%+. The protocols or platforms deduct these fees from the amount sent to the destination wallet. In addition to these costs, crypto mixer transactions have significant delays, increasing the gap between input and output and making transactions harder to stitch together.
Regulatory Risks & Penalties
Crypto mixers are an obvious way for criminals to launder money, making them a target for U.S. and global regulators.
In May 2022, The U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctioned Blender.io after North Korea's Lazarus Group used it to launder $20.5 million in proceeds from the $620 million Axie Infinity heist. The sanctions prevent anyone in the U.S. from transacting with Blender.io or any entities owned directly or indirectly by blocked persons.
Then, in August 2022, the Treasury sanctioned Tornado Cash, saying that it helped launder $7 billion of virtual currency since its inception in 2019. In particular, the government alleges that it helped launder over $455 million stolen by the Lazarus Group. Like Blender.io, the move prevents anyone in the U.S. from transacting with Tornado Cash.
In October, Coin Center and others filed a lawsuit against the Treasury, saying they exceeded their statutory authority in sanctioning crypto mixers because they are a "privacy tool beyond the control of anyone." Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong also argued that the sanctions would harm innocent people, remove privacy, and stifle innovation.
Several crypto mixers remain unsanctioned, but they could experience problems in the future. When sanctions happen, the U.S. government freezes assets in the entity or protocol, making it difficult to retrieve funds without a special request. And sanction violations – even unknowingly – could trigger fines of more than $300,000 per transaction.
Alternatives to Consider
Crypto mixers represent just one of many ways to enhance the privacy of cryptocurrency transactions.
Privacy coins, like Monero or Zcash, use stealth wallets, zero-knowledge proofs, and other techniques to keep cryptocurrency transactions private. For example, Monero uses one-time-use "stealth addresses" for each transaction and "ring signatures" that group genuine transactions with older decoy transactions to make them impossible to trace.
The most popular privacy coins include:
While privacy coins remain legal in the United States, they have come under scrutiny elsewhere and could become a future sanctions target. For example, Japan banned privacy coins entirely, while Australia and South Korea banned exchanges from offering them. Moreover, new European know-your-customer (KYC) laws could jeopardize them.
The Bottom Line
Crypto mixers enable anyone to keep transactions private by mixing deposits with other transactions before withdrawing funds. Unfortunately, these tools are ideal for money laundering, making them a target for government regulators. As a result, crypto users may want to tread carefully when using them until there's more legal clarity.
If you trade crypto assets, ZenLedger can help aggregate transactions across wallets and exchanges, compute your capital gain or loss, and populate the tax forms you need each year. You can even find tax loss harvesting opportunities to reduce your tax bill.


Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
2
Shared first authorship
3
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Biology, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
5
Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6
Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles can be chemically, physically, or biologically synthesized. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing microbes is a promising process due to the low toxicity and high stability of AgNPs. Here, AgNPs were fabricated by Gram-negative Raoultella planticola.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the ability of Raoultella planticola to produce nanoparticles (NPs) and evaluate their antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDR). Additionally, the study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of biosynthesized nanoparticles to well-known conventional antibiotics Azithromycin and Tetracycline. Materials and Methods: AgNPs were characterized using visual observation, UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The TEM and SEM were used to determine the size and shape of the nanoparticles. The XRD data were recorded in the 2θ ranging from 20-80° to analyze the crystalline structure of nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity was detected using a 96-well microtiter plate. Results: The UV–vis absorption recorded from the 300 – 900 nm spectrum was well defined at 420 nm, and the XRD pattern was compatible with Braggs’s reflection of the silver nanocrystals. FTIR showed absorbance bands corresponding to different functional groups. TEM and SEM images showed non-uniform spherical and AgNPs of 10-80 nm. XRD data confirmed that the resultant particles are AgNPs. The AgNPs showed effective activity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., E. coli, Enterobacter sp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The AgNPs demonstrated effectiveness in lower concentrations compared to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Conclusion: These data reveal that AgNP generated by R. planticola was more efficient against MDR microorganisms than commercial antibiotics. However, the cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles must be further studied.
Keywords
Main Subjects


The opposite of a freestanding structure, these mezzanines are incorporated into a building’s original structure. As these are permanent mezzanines, they typically have concrete floors and can handle extreme load weights.
These storage structures don’t need the structural columns the other systems utilize. They are supported by pallet rack uprights or bin shelving systems and are used for their affordability and ease of installation.
A simple fixture that typically implements thin, steel support columns.
These combine the features of both freestanding and catwalk systems and will be installed over your existing shelving or workspace areas.
Often used to give personnel easy access to materials handling equipment.
1. Mezzanines ensure employee satisfaction and safety. With the increased height, employees now have a perfect vantage point to identify moving parts within the warehouse.
2. Several valuable items can be integrated into an industrial mezzanine, such as a modular office or various conveyors that can efficiently move items throughout the space. Some companies even use them as dedicated break areas!
©SeedProd 2021. All rights reserved


Introduction
In this article, the characteristic of set pieces is going to be discussed within the phases of the game. It becomes popular to analyse football games based on four phases which are attacking, defending, attacking and defensive transition. Of course, the number of phases can be two with in possession and out of possession or six with splitting attacking into build up and finishing and defending into pressing and protecting the goal. However, no matter how many phases there are, the importance of transition between each phase is largely recognised. On the other hand, the presence of set pieces is often ignored or treated roughly. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyse the transition between set pieces and open play and try to find out the reason why transitions between them needs to be considered more.
Where Does The Set Piece Exist in A Game?
Before going to take a look at this theme, let’s think about what kinds of set pieces can happen in a game. There are eight types of set pieces which are throw-ins, (direct/indirect) free kicks, goal kicks, corner kicks, penalty kicks, kick-offs and drop balls. However, penalty kicks often end with a goal and drop balls hardly effect on open play at all so other six types of set pieces are going to be analysed in this article.
As it was discussed before, the presence of set pieces is often excluded from the game or separated from open play. The reason is probably set pieces are taken after a referee stops the game. In many cases, however, the game is not stopped and players can restart the game as quick as they want. Therefore, it is important to consider about the transition between open play and set pieces. Additionally, the transition between set pieces and open play is significantly different from the transition in open play. The reason is going to be discussed in next chapter.
What Happens in The Transition between Set Pieces and Open Play?
The biggest difference between set pieces and open play is the position of players. In set pieces, players play different roles. For example, in free kicks in final third or corner kicks, tall and strong defenders position themselves in the box and play as main attackers. Additionally, even in throw-ins, many players gather around the ball side, which hardly happens in open play.
This makes the transition between set pieces and open play more important. For example, in corner kicks, if the ball is cleared by a defender and the play still continues, both teams need to keep playing while reorganising the position. In some research, it is suggested that counterattacks from defending corner kicks can end with shots more than those from open play. This is because the attacking team’s strongest defenders are in the opposition box and cannot defend counterattacks.
Therefore, it is possible to say that the transition after set pieces is completely different from those from open play.
Characteristic of Each Set Piece
In this chapter, the characteristic of each set piece is going to be discussed. The more detail about each set piece will be featured on upcoming articles.
Throw-in
Throw-ins are the most frequent set piece in football. When talking about throw-ins as a set piece, often only long throw-ins in final third are recognised as a set piece. However, if you fail to throw the ball in before opposition players mark the teammates, it is going to be a set piece. First of all, most of all players come around the ball. Then, some players try to receive the ball by changing each position in a small area or the player having the ball throws it just forward. Additionally, it is difficult to control the ball in such a congested space, so the ball is often played long. Therefore, the throw-in can be a chaotic situation. When planning throw-ins, how to manage the huge space in the opposite side needs to be considered. Main solutions can be to place a fullback or winger there and shuffle across quicker than the opponent after the ball played to the opposite area.
Free Kick & Corner Kick
Free kicks and corner kicks have a similar feature so both of them are going to be discussed in this chapter. The common characteristic is defenders often position themselves in the box to be target players and some small attackers or midfielders excluded from the box. If the ball goes out of the pitch, there is no transition. However, if the ball is cleared by a defender or caught by a goal keeper, the transition occurs and which team secures the second ball decides attacking or defensive transition. If the attacking team regain the second ball, the defending team needs to reorganise the position to prepare for another cross. On the other hand, if the defending team win the second ball, the attacking team needs to manage the counterattack with a few players waiting on the halfway line. This can be a crucial moment for both team because failing to adapt the next phase of set pieces can lead to concede a goal. Therefore, not only main target players but also players outside of the box need to be considered to manage transition after free kicks or corner kicks.
Goal Kick
Recently, field players can receive the ball inside of the box directly from a goal kick and it enables a lot of teams to play from the back more tactically. For example, if the attacking team can use the goal keeper as one of the field players, it is possible to have a numerical advantage. Additionally, by restarting a goal kick slowly to take time enough for both teams to organise the position, the ball can be played through the route which is planned based on the opposition pressing. This enables the attacking team to play from the back safely. Therefore, it is worth considering goal kicks as a set piece and it should be practiced well.
Kick-off
Kick-off is not a frequent set piece but can create a goal scoring opportunity. The reason is that the defending players need to face the opponents running towards them which makes it difficult to mark them. Additionally, it is also hard to maintain compactness because attackers want to press but defenders cannot push the line up due to manage opposition attackers sprinting forward. Therefore, the attacking team can break the opposition final line by keeping a few passes to deal with the opposition pressing and to take time for the attacker to arrive the space in behind and playing to the attacker running in behind the opposition final line. This is only one of the examples and it can be explored in the future.
Conclusion
In this article, the presence of set pieces in a game was analysed. The transition between set pieces and open play and different positioning are main things when considering about set pieces. Additionally, the characteristic of each set pieces was discussed and the detail of them will be analysed later. Thank you for reading.


HIV Testing Rate Only 16% in High-Risk Hospital Pneumonia Patients IDSA/IDWeek 2015, October 7-11, San Diego Mark Mascolini Despite US recommendation for routine HIV screening in adults seeking medical care, only 16% of people admitted to a North Carolina hospital with bacterial pneumonia--a high-risk population--got tested for HIV [1]. Many people not screened during their hospital stay tested positive HIV in the following years. Nearly 10 years have passed since the CDC recommended routine opt-out HIV screening for 13- to 64-year-olds during any medical encounter. Yet as many as 25% of HIV-positive people in the United States remain undiagnosed. Duke University researchers who conducted this study noted that HIV-positive people run a high risk of bacterial pneumonia and that bacterial pneumonia predicted HIV infection in prior research. They designed this study to examine trends in HIV testing among people admitted to the hospital with bacterial pneumonia. The analysis involved 18- to 64-year-olds admitted to the Duke University Health Systems with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia between January 1996 and December 2014. Of the 6858 people admitted to the hospital with pneumonia, 49% were men, 53% white, and 41% black. Median age stood at 50 years (interquartile range 40 to 58). Of the 6858 people admitted with pneumonia, 345 (5%) already had an HIV diagnosis. Of the remaining 6513 people, 19 (0.3%) got diagnosed with HIV during their admission. Another 46 people (0.7%) got diagnosed with HIV later, a median of 807 days (2.2 years) after admission. In a random sample of 207 pneumonia inpatients not previously known to have HIV, only 34 (16%) got tested for HIV during their admission for bacterial pneumonia. Another 16 people in this sample (8%) got tested for HIV sometime after their discharge. While 28% of people got tested for HIV before or during any hospital admission before the CDC recommended universal adult screening in 2006, 39% got tested after the guidelines got issued, but that improvement lacked statistical significance (P = 0.09). Among people admitted to the hospital for pneumonia, HIV screening rates were 13% before the 2006 guidelines and 20% afterwards, also a nonsignificant change (P = 0.18). Earlier, the researchers determined that US residents admitted to the hospital with pneumonia have a 10-fold higher HIV prevalence (5.0%) than the general population (0.47%). Despite this high risk of HIV and recommendations for universal adult HIV screening, the Duke team concluded that HIV testing rates remain low in people hospitalized with pneumonia. "We are bad at screening for HIV," the researchers warned, "and [testing] rates did not change with guidelines for universal HIV screening." They recommended opt-out HIV testing for pneumonia inpatients to permit "earlier HIV diagnosis and improved outcomes." References 1. Clifton D, Clement M, Holland T, Cox G, Dicks KV, Stout J. HIV testing among patients admitted with pneumonia. IDWeek 2015, October 7-11, San Diego. Abstract 121. https://idsa.confex.com/idsa/2015/webprogram/Paper51225.html 2. Hall HI, An Q, Tang T, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed HIV infection--United States, 2008-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(24):657-662.


Economy and Finance for a Just Future on a Thriving Planet
“Whether humanity has the collective wisdom to navigate the Anthropocene to sustain a livable biosphere for people and civilizations, as well as for the rest of life with which we share the planet, is the most formidable challenge facing humanity.”
This was the key message and conclusion from the Nobel Prize Summit hosted in 2021. It resembles in many ways the outcomes of the Stockholm conference in 1972, the first ever United Nations conference on the human environment.
Fifty years have passed since that historic conference, and while the world is a very different place today the message remains the same. Astounding progress in human well-being for many and technological breakthroughs have come at the cost of growing social inequality and an increasingly evident climate crisis. Humanity has become a force of planetary change threatening to erode the fabric of life. Yet this daunting prospect of the future is countered by a growing desire to tackle these challenges applying insights from an increasingly vibrant field of sustainability sciences and a formidable human capacity to innovate. Rising to the challenge of securing a safe and prosperous future for all is still possible.
This report explores the role the financial sector and our globalized economy need to take to change course. It is a major task, and we present our views with urgency and humility. The insights presented here builds on decades of collaborative work within systems thinking, ecological economics, resilience science and Earth system science. It is based on the legacy of the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, the Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Program (both at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences), and the pathbreaking work done by colleagues associated with the Stockholm Resilience Centre (Stockholm University).
Stockholm+50 offers a unique opportunity for the world to reflect on its progress and failures since 1972. This report offers an important synthesis of how our economies and the financial sector can contribute to this reflection, all with the aim of accelerating towards a more sustainable and just future.


Research on informal care-giving has largely neglected the contributions of non-kin carers. This paper investigated the characteristics and contributions of non-kin who care for older adults with a long-term health problem, and investigated friends and neighbours as distinct categories of care providers. Using data from 324 non-kin carers in the 1996 General Social Survey of Canada, this study compared individual and relationship characteristics, care tasks and amount of care provided for the two groups. Interpersonal and socio-demographic characteristics were investigated as mediators of potential differences between friends and neighbours in patterns of care. Results demonstrate that friend and neighbour carers differed on age, marital status, geographical proximity and relationship closeness. Friends were more likely than neighbours to assist with personal care, bills and banking, and transportation. Neighbours were more likely to assist with home maintenance. Friends provided assistance with a greater number of tasks and provided more hours of care per week, suggesting a more prominent role in the care of non-kin than neighbours. Age, income, a minor child in the household, proximity and relationship closeness significantly predicted amount of care provided, and relationship closeness largely explained differences between friends and neighbours. Future research on informal care-giving can build on the findings that distinguish friend and neighbour carers to further discriminate the dynamics of non-kin care.


Reduce Your Practice Liability During the COVID-19 Pandemic with a Virtual Risk Assessment August 11, 2020
Are you aware that ISMIE has transitioned completely to
virtualrisk assessments due to the public health emergency?
In-person risk assessments are being temporarily discontinued at this time to provide greater safety for colleagues and patients.
Eligible policyholders can earn a premium discount by participating in risk assessments. As we anticipate that many policyholders will request a virtual risk assessment in the remaining months of 2020, please contact us at your earliest convenience to request one.
Our assessment focuses on the principles of good risk management and evaluates how well your practice or facility is addressing potential litigation landmines. Upon completion of the assessment, you will receive personalized feedback and recommendations to help address any potential issues.
Virtual assessments follow the same process as our in-person visits and provide the same high-quality personalized guidance.
To learn more or to request a virtual risk assessment, please contact the ISMIE Risk Management team by email.
If you’d like to view the Risk Rewards you have already earned in 2020, access your transcript on ISMIE's website.


Carburetor jet sizing and how a carb works.
The fuel system is designed to provide the optimum mixture of air and fuel to the engine under varying conditions. This optimum air/fuel ratio is called the stoichiometric ratio and in theory is approximately 14.7 parts of air to 1 part gasoline (14.7:1) based on weight, not volume. However, this air/fuel ratio must be modified under different atmospheric and running conditions. A ratio numerically higher than 14.7 would be considered a lean air/fuel mixture, numerically less than 14.7 would be considered a rich mixture.
The jets on a carburetor meter the amount of fuel that enters the throttle bores of the carburetor where it mixes with incoming air. If the engine shows performance problems such as stalling or sluggish acceleration, you'll need to change the jet sizing. Jets are threaded and have a small orifice through their center that varies based on the size of the jet. For example, a jet may be stamped with the number 115. Installing a smaller number size jet will reduce fuel flow (like a 110), is ideal for high-altitude conditions where air is limited, where a larger jet size (120) increases fuel flow for oxygen-rich, low altitudes.


Medical education has a potentially powerful role in global health. This breakout will explore some ways that medical education can not only support patient care but also resource and research capacity building to better care for critically ill patients in low-middle-income countries. https://bit.ly/gmhc2022_burtonlee_supportingglobalcriticalcare
This breakout session is will be a taster of the Formational Course of the Academy of Missional Healthcare and Initiative of COGI and CAPRO. Designed primarily for pre-internship students in healthcare, it is also open to young professionals. This session will provide a taster to the eight-core module mentorship course in Missional Healthcare. The session will also highlight the uniqueness of the program. The Formational course provides participants with “A missional context of learning” in an environment of Transformational learning, problem-based training, experiential sharing alongside practical role-plays and interactive group exercises. Continual learning and reflective engagement through “journaling” is a key component of the program. The full program gives broad insights into the health and development needs in a country as well the various expressions of medical missions. It also provides a deeper understanding of God’s mission pertinent to healthcare and the healthcare person.
Diagnostic dilemma poses one of the challenges in the mission field due to lack of ideal or reliable tools. Integrating ultrasound findings with clinical assessments can help improve diagnostic certainty at the bedside. During this 1-hour session, we will briefly review the capabilities and limitations in assessing intracranial pressure, fractures, and acute tendon ruptures along with a more traditional assessments for pneumonia, heart failure, and DVT, among other diseases. We will also briefly compare some of the available portable ultrasound devices.
This lecture first explores ethics from the perspective of normal human nature. Then the impact of this human nature on every day medical practice, medical education, medical research and medical missions is discussed.


New York Department of Financial Services Announces a $1.8 Million Settlement with Two Life Insurers for Data Breach Violations
The New York Department of Financial Services (“NYDFS”) recently announced that it has entered into a Consent Order with two affiliated life insurers for alleged violations of New York’s Cybersecurity Regulation (the “NY Cybersecurity Regulation”). The NYDFS conducted an investigation and determined that the two life insurers (the “Companies”) had been the subject of two phishing attacks in 2018 and 2019, which compromised the email accounts of several of the Companies’ employees, providing access to a significant amount of sensitive and personal data of their customers. The NYDFS indicated that its investigation revealed the Companies allegedly violated the NY Cybersecurity Regulation by failing to implement MultiFactor Authentication (“MFA”) without implementing reasonably equivalent or more secure access controls approved in writing by the Companies. Additionally, the NYDFS alleged the Companies falsely certified compliance with the NY Cybersecurity Regulation in 2018 because MFA was not fully implemented. The NYDFS also alleged that the two data breaches resulted in the exposure of numerous non-public personal data belonging to the Companies’ customers.
Under the Consent Order, the Companies agreed to: (1) pay a $1.8 million monetary penalty to the State of New York; (2) conduct a cybersecurity risk assessment within 120 days of the effective date of the Consent Order and submit the assessment results to the NYDFS; and (3) have an independent third party audit conducted of current MFA controls and submit the results to the NYDFS within 120 days of the effective date of the Consent Order to ensure the Companies’ cybersecurity programs fully comply with the NY Cybersecurity Regulation.
The NY Cybersecurity Regulation became effective in March 2017, and it has served as a model to other states, as well as the National Association of Insurance Commissioner’s Insurance Data Security Model Law (“Model Security Law”), which applies to insurers, insurance agents, third party administrators and other entities licensed by the state insurance departments. The Model Security Law requires insurance entities to establish and maintain a cybersecurity program designed to protect the confidentiality and integrity of their Information Systems, as well as any consumer non-public information.
Additionally, the Model Security Law requires covered entities to (1) certify compliance with the Model Security Act annually, (2) have a written incident response plan, (3) develop and maintain a comprehensive written security program based on the entity’s risk assessment, and (4) conduct risk management and risk assessment activities, including employee training and maintaining updates to network systems.
The Model Security Law or related legislation has been adopted in the following states: Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia.


Introduction to "China's Growing Role in World Trade"
Over the last three decades, the value of Chinese trade has approximately doubled every four years. This rapid growth has transformed the country from a negligible player in world trade to the world's second largest exporter, as well as a substantial importer of raw materials, intermediate inputs, and other goods. This paper provides an overview of the microstructure of Chinese trade, its macroeconomic implications, trade disputes with other WTO member countries, and the role of foreign firms.
This is an introductory chapter to the volume, "China's Growing Role in World Trade." A table of content with information on the contributing authors to each chapter and the discussants appears at the end of this paper. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.


When in the year 1989, urban sociologist Ray Oldenburg was defining his theory of a “third place”, he was certainly focusing on a missing element from American society. He referred to space for individuals beyond work and home. A space where individuals could develop. For many people, this place already existed, in the form of…
Humans have always used technology to extend their mental and physical capabilities. Today we are advancing towards a world where information and knowledge are converging into a virtual network that can be managed and accessed easily. All modern-day business departments, including HR, are merging into a fast-paced, efficient, and futuristic version and the future of…
Employers are more receptive and encourage settings where employees work synchronously via hybrid work arrangements. As a result, 41% of employers in Canada in 2021 have stated that their employee productivity increased. Thus, a partial or complete hybrid workforce might not be too surprising in the foreseeable future. However, is this truly the case though?…


Abstract
In the southeastern United States and Caribbean, lionfish are highly invasive and have detrimental impacts on native ecosystems due to their generalist feeding behavior, high consumption rates, high reproductive output and lack of predators. Recreational divers and snorkelers have been encouraged to harvest lionfish using spears and hand-held nets to manage their population. Lionfish removal has generally occurred in waters less than 30 m in depth, where they are easily accessible to divers. However, lionfish can be found in waters hundreds of meters deep. In Florida, spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) commercial fisherman have caught lionfish in both wood and wire traps, with most of that catch occurring in the latter. The goal of this project was to maximize lionfish catch while reducing bycatch through modifications of wire spiny lobster traps in deeper water ranging from 30-100 meters, where diver access is limited. Modifications of throat type, throat location, bait type and incorporation of escape gaps were evaluated throughout the duration of the study to achieve the previously stated goal. Bycatch reduction is a relevant consideration in trap design for Florida and other regions where fish traps are illegal or reef fish populations are fully exploited. Adding escape gaps significantly reduced bycatch of other fish species and using live lionfish as bait both lowered bycatch and significantly increased the catch of lionfish. The most effective trap designs will be tested by commercial fishermen to evaluate trap utility at a larger geographic scale and over a broader range of habitats and depths.


Sam Bankman-Fried, the founder and CEO of crypto exchange FTX, reportedly called out regulators to create a single framework for digital assets in the Asian Financial Forum, an event organized by Hong Kong’s government to highlight new opportunities within the region’s economic landscape.
The businessman pointed out that instead of focusing on determining whether assets are securities, regulators must focus on consolidating the regulations and creating a rule book on crypto.
Bankman-Fried also noted that a framework that focuses on disclosure and the prevention of fraud may be more important than labeling assets as securities. While the FTX CEO didn’t specify the regulatory bodies he was calling out, many regulators worldwide are focused on classifying tokens as securities. However, he is convinced that this will not protect investors.
Additionally, the crypto billionaire also highlighted the regulatory frameworks for other asset classes, noting that the same should be done for digital assets.
This is not the first time that the young exchange founder engaged with regulators. Back in December 2021, Bankman-Fried along with other executives from prominent crypto firms were called to attend a committee hearing, where they urged U.S. regulators to provide regulatory clarity on digital assets.
Meanwhile, many experts expect major advancements in regulatory standards in 2022. In a Cointelegraph survey, Hatu Sheikh, co-founder and chief strategy officer of DAO Maker said that regulators “realize the industry is maturing and currently is even too big to have a blanket ban imposed.” Sheikh also mentioned that regulations are necessary while restrictions are not.
In the same survey, EasyFi Network CEO Ankitt Gaur said that decentralized finance (DeFi) may be a focus of regulations in 2021. “DeFi is slowly making its way toward the mainstream, conversations around regulation are emerging,” Gaur said.


Respondent behavior is an action that an organism produces in response to the antecedent stimuli in the environment alone (it is not selected by consequences) and is typically essential for the organism’s survival. Respondent behaviors have been selected by phylogeny because these involuntary” or “reflexive” responses to antecedent stimuli have created advantages for the species or helped it survive over generations.
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Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Rich people who do not work will be unhappy.
Surly, being happy depends on several factors, and Some of them are vital and detrimental. People who are rich is not exception. Hence, they need to satisfy the same factors. I believe work is an instance of these factors, and rich people who do not work will not be happy, at least not an intrinsic happiness. To elaborate on that, I will explore my reasons in the following paragraphs. To start with, having a job does not mean we need money. So, sometimes we work because of different purposes. These purposes could be in various range from having inflation on people to reach on mundane goal. For instance, we can consider someone like scholar who really delighted to solve a problem and help society. As a result, If I were a rich man, and I had a disguise like a sentient to solving a problem, then being unemployed would not be a good option for me. This example indicated that worker do not always seek for money. Sometimes their characteristics push them to have a job. Furthermore, considering a job as an arduous task is not always true. Sometimes work might be a way to have fun as long as we keep balance with our work and life. For instance, I have been working as a programmer in several companies, and I have had lots of fun, and it could have not been better because it has been my favorite job all the time. I like computers and spending time on it. So, I would not consider this as unpleasant time, and it is always good for me. As a result, this example shows, even though we can say writing code is a job, but it helps me to be happy and of course there are jobs that can help rich people to be happy. To conclude, I mentioned two reasons why work is not always for having money, and it might also provide an environment to be happy, and I believe rich people who do not work will not be happy.
Submitted by Ahmad Javadi on


"Standard approaches to defining and evaluating environmental risk tend to reflect technocratic rather than democratic values. One consequence is that institutional mechanisms for achieving citizen participation in risk decisions rarely are studied or evaluated. This article presents a survey of five institutional mechanisms for allowing the lay public to influence environmental risk decisions: public hearings, initiatives, public surveys, negotiated rule making, and citizens review panels. It also defines democratic process criteria for assessing these and other participatory mechanisms."


Glasgow-headquartered satellite communications startup R3-IoT is developing a technology to boost connectivity in remote areas. The Scottish company recently secured a £3.1 million seed investment round led by US-based VC Space Capital, joined by Scottish National Investment Bank.
Other investors include the University of Strathclyde, alongside North American-based Ryan Johnson, former CEO of BlackBridge, Nathan Kundtz, CEO of Rendered.ai, and Loren Padelford, former GM of Revenue at Shopify, also participated.
The company intends to use the funding to accelerate its international growth strategy, establish its presence in North America, and planning to hire people in 20 new roles over the next eighteen months in its engineering, technical, sales, and marketing functions
Full-stack digital platform
Founded by Allan Cannon and Kevin Quillien in 2018, R3-IoT addresses the challenges faced by organisations during digitising business operations, products, and services due to a lack of, or unreliable communications infrastructure.
As a result, the company provides a full-stack digital platform – combining satellite, cellular, IoT, and data analytics – which provides organisations with end-to-end data services from any location, regardless of existing infrastructure.
How does that work?
R3-IoT technology wirelessly connects smart devices such as sensors – on, or offshore, connects, automatically transmitting data via the cloud to an intuitive insights platform – helping organisations to remotely manage risks, improve efficiencies and digitise operations across multiple sites and locations.
The company works with various companies across fields and sectors which require resilient connectivity 24/7 like aquaculture, utilities, infrastructure, digital health, emergency services, and energy.
Chad Anderson, Managing Partner at Space Capital, a seed-stage venture capital firm investing in the space economy said: “We immediately saw the opportunity with R3-IoT, which is essentially Nest for organisations with remote industrial facilities. This is the right company at the right time that will benefit tremendously from new backhaul capacity coming online through low-Earth orbit satellite communications.
“Scotland is the perfect testbed for this capability that will enable mission-critical connectivity and we are thrilled to join the efforts of Allan, Kevin, and the team at R3-IoT, supporting their growth into global markets where there is a huge demand for their services.”
Jan Robertson, Interim Director of Growth Investments at Scottish Enterprise, said: “R3-IoT is an exciting young company with big global ambitions. Scottish Enterprise is proud to have helped it reach this milestone moment by providing it with an integrated package of support, including participation in our High Growth Ventures programme and equity and grant funding through the Early Stage Growth Challenge Fund, and look forward to working with the company as it goes from strength-to-strength.”
Professor Sir Jim McDonald, Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Strathclyde added: “It is wonderful to see an early-stage company such as R3-IoT, which has such firm Strathclyde roots, successfully concluding this seven-figure funding round with external investors. We look forward to following and supporting the company’s future successes as it expands and grows.”


Abstract
Small RNA-guided protein complexes play an essential role in CRISPR-mediated immunity in prokaryotes. While these complexes initiate interference byflagging cognate invader DNA for destruction, recent evidence has implicated their involvement innew CRISPR memory formation, called priming, against mutated invader sequences. The mechanism by which the target recognition complex mediates these disparate responses-interference and priming-remains poorly understood. Using single-molecule FRET, we visualize how bona fide and mutated targets are differentially probed by E.coli Cascade. We observe that the recognition of bona fide targets is an ordered process that is tightly controlled forhigh fidelity. Mutated targets are recognized with low fidelity, which is featured by short-lived and PAM- and seed-independent binding by any segment of the crRNA. These dual roles of Cascade in immunity with distinct fidelities underpin CRISPR-Cas robustness, allowing for efficient degradation ofbona fide targets and priming of mutated DNA targets.