Business users are every day faced with situations where they have to make decisions that can have long-term impacts. Therefore, it is important to ensure that these decisions are accurately made. There are different types of business decisions, like Strategic, Tactical and Operational. Operational decisions are made to carry out the short-term procedures and achieve the long- and medium-term objectives adopted by the strategic and tactical level decisions. Let us dive deep into understanding the operational decisions that affect businesses’ everyday operations.
Operational decisions are short-term choices that are typically made on a weekly, daily, or hourly basis. They are primarily concerned with operational details, daily resource allocation, inventory control, and delivery routing to maximise product flow along biomass-based production chains. Due to the changing internal and external conditions of supply chains and related activities, operational decisions might be changed and amended often.
Operational decisions consist of three steps:
Good operational decisions behave like informed employees with the appropriate reports and analysis, using data quickly and effectively to take the right action. Instead of just being aware of the past, they use this data to get insight into the future and use that understanding to behave more appropriately. Through micro-segmentation and intense customisation, they target their customers using information about them.
Operational choices must be made quickly to reflect new possibilities, organisations, and threats; otherwise, their value will quickly deteriorate. No modern business system can endure protracted periods of static. Given the current competitive, economic, and regulatory context, it is impossible. When businesses automate their transactions and procedures, they frequently discover that how rapidly they can alter their information systems greatly affects how quickly they react to change. Operational decisions must be simple to alter quickly and effectively to reduce missed opportunity costs and increase overall business agility.
Your operational decisions must be consistent throughout time and space across many channels you use to conduct business, including the web, mobile devices, interactive voice response systems, and kiosks. They enable you to act differently when you desire to, such as offering a reduced price online to promote the usage of a lower-cost channel, but they make sure that you don’t act differently unintentionally. These systems support the people who directly work for you and the third parties and agents who represent you. They ensure you stay out of trouble by upholding your company’s laws, rules, and social preferences everywhere it conducts business. They continually provide your employees with a top-notch experience.
You need to act as quickly as possible. Your competition is only three clicks away, as they say online. Your coworkers are developing short attention spans and a lack of patience. The systems that manage your supply and demand chains must act swiftly and shrewdly as they become more real-time. You must reduce wait times for these associates as fewer staff handle more clients, partners, and suppliers. You must make a choice swiftly and take action.
Operational choices must, above all, be economical. Cost cutting is still crucial despite significant efficiency improvements and reductions in previous years. Effective operational choices reduce costly reports and needless tasks. They lessen fraud and avoid penalties. They enable your employees to work more effectively and allocate their time wisely. They ensure that you get as many things correctly the first time and steer clear of costly “do-overs.” They lessen friction, which slows down operations and raises expenses.
Strategy is little more than wishful thinking with limited prospects of realisation without practical decision-making. Conversely, operational decisions that are not supported by strategic decisions are frequently arbitrary and lack a unifying factor that establishes a company’s growth objectives.
Therefore, operational decisions relate to how organisations carry out their strategic decisions. Operational decisions are how an organisation achieves its strategic objectives; they are growth-oriented and geared toward manufacturing.
Even though automating operational decisions aids an organisation’s effectiveness and efficiency, businesses frequently attempt to automate these processes via traditional methods, such as writing code, iBPMS, RPA, DPA and other technologies. Businesses create applications that automate operational decisions using codes and low-code platforms. Companies have also begun adopting spreadsheet programmes like Excel to assist employees with difficult calculations. Additionally, they have built automated operational decisions utilising other business-oriented solutions, including business rules management systems (BRMS), decision management solutions (DMS), and business process management (BPM).
However, delivering business value successfully depends on automating operational decisions, but burying decisions, data, and necessary actions within processes and applications makes it exceedingly challenging for firms to keep up. It pushes the limits of technological platforms and corporate procedures and produces less fruitful outcomes.
Workflows for automated decision-making must be regularly modified to account for the new information received from various interconnected data points. Each data point is selected and set up depending on particular characteristics. Automated operational decisions are made based on analysing changes observed in the various data point properties. Workflows become more intelligent when this occurs without a hitch.
Regulatory compliance is also aided by automated decision-making. A theatre’s audio setup serves as an illustration. An automated judgement will turn down the decibels if they reach unsafe levels. This degree of automated decision-making and action can boost adherence to corporate policies and sector regulations.
An automated workflow system can spot possible mistakes and decide whether to fix them or react without the need for human interaction. These levels of automation make systems faster and more reliable by accelerating the detection and correction of problems.
The capacity to take quick, accurate decisions is the main benefit. By shifting human decision-making to an automated process, also maintains consistency. As a result, artificial intelligence can fix itself and take corrective action without ongoing oversight. Every business decision is subjected to this automation continuously, around the clock, leaving no opportunity for error or inconsistency.
Employees can focus on tasks that will increase income production and provide new opportunities by decreasing the need for human participation in repetitive processes.
Organizations can avoid paying penalties for non-compliance by reducing the incidence of regulatory or contractual errors. Although it does reduce the likelihood of error, decision automation does not entirely eliminate it.
Modern businesses simply cannot scale with traditional methods when faced with complicated operational decisions. Some have even attempted to connect data and processes using one of the various decision management tools. However, that strategy produces a disjointed decision experience that frequently becomes impossible in challenging circumstances.
No-code platforms enable business users to build solutions and applications. Businesses can automate their decision-making through faster approvals and analysis. This empowers the organisation to become more agile. Check out Quixy’s no-code capabilities and how it can help you automate those decisions.


Project summary
Competence in financial decision making is becoming increasingly important. However, most individuals make suboptimal financial decisions. Project A03 examines the hypothesis that these poor decisions may be (partially) caused by behavioral distortions and we explore how these interact with a person’s level of financial literacy. In particular, the project will test the impact of (i) biased return expectations, (ii) self-control problems and (iii) social comparisons on too much and too expensive borrowing. In a possible second phase it is planned to develop and test in a randomized design a financial training which explicitly considers behavioral distortions.


2018-07-17
Heterogeneity within the PF-EPN-B ependymoma subgroup Publication Publication Acta Neuropathologica p. 1- 11
Posterior fossa ependymoma comprise three distinct molecular variants, termed PF-EPN-A (PFA), PF-EPN-B (PFB), and PF-EPN-SE (subependymoma). Clinically, they are very disparate and PFB tumors are currently being considered for a trial of radiation avoidance. However, to move forward, unraveling the heterogeneity within PFB would be highly desirable. To discern the molecular heterogeneity within PFB, we performed an integrated analysis consisting of DNA methylation profiling, copy-number profiling, gene expression profiling, and clinical correlation across a cohort of 212 primary posterior fossa PFB tumors. Unsupervised spectral clustering and t-SNE analysis of genome-wide methylation data revealed five distinct subtypes of PFB tumors, termed PFB1-5, with distinct demographics, copy-number alterations, and gene expression profiles. All PFB subtypes were distinct from PFA and posterior fossa subependymomas. Of the five subtypes, PFB4 and PFB5 are more discrete, consisting of younger and older patients, respectively, with a strong female-gender enrichment in PFB5 (age: p = 0.011, gender: p = 0.04). Broad copy-number aberrations were common; however, many events such as chromosome 2 loss, 5 gain, and 17 loss were enriched in specific subtypes and 1q gain was enriched in PFB1. Late relapses were common across all five subtypes, but deaths were uncommon and present in only two subtypes (PFB1 and PFB3). Unlike the case in PFA ependymoma, 1q gain was not a robust marker of poor progression-free survival; however, chromosome 13q loss may represent a novel marker for risk stratification across the spectrum of PFB subtypes. Similar to PFA ependymoma, there exists a significant intertumoral heterogeneity within PFB, with distinct molecular subtypes identified. Even when accounting for this heterogeneity, extent of resection remains the strongest predictor of poor outcome. However, this biological heterogeneity must be accounted for in future preclinical modeling and personalized therapies.
Additional Metadata , , , , , doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1888-x, hdl.handle.net/1765/109423 Acta Neuropathologica Organisation Erasmus MC: University Medical Center Rotterdam
Cavalli, S, Hübner, J.-M. (Jens-Martin), Sharma, T. (Tanvi), Luu, P, Sill, M. (Martin), Zapotocky, M. (Michal), … Ramaswamy, E.A. (2018). Heterogeneity within the PF-EPN-B ependymoma subgroup.
Acta Neuropathologica, 1–11. doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1888-x


Every individual plays several different roles to be their full, authentic selves. My identity as an aunt is one I hold in high regard. I am a proud aunt to 14 nieces and nephews ranging in ages from 5 to 18. Given that my two children are the older cousins, I prefer the company of the younger ones when the opportunity arises. Amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, I am grieving the time lost with my beloved nieces and nephews, notably my five-year-old niece, Willa. As a precocious and curious child, our conversations are often extended by her many inquisitive questions. Here are a few that I can recall:
But how does your body heal from a scraped knee?”
“And why don’t we eat cake before dinner?”
“And how do the stars stay in the sky?”
“But why do my cousins have to go home?”
I don’t always have answers, but I love how her curiosity leads us to deeper examination and hopefully inch us closer to a fuller understanding.
In 2019, the Trust embarked on a strategic planning process where staff and key stakeholders examined the Trust’s influence in the social impact sector. We began to ask questions of why the Trust focused on certain programmatic domains and not in others. We challenged ourselves to examine how we might work differently to address the root causes of our region’s challenges. As many readers know, the rigorous planning process resulted in the Trust’s North Star of closing the racial and ethnic wealth gap.
The Trust is working across sectors and through collaborations to undo decades of discriminatory practices and attempt to repair the harm due to centuries of systemic racism and racial and economic segregation. Alongside the strategic goal of closing the racial and ethnic wealth gap, the Trust’s evergreen strategy is responding to the region’s most pressing needs to support residents in need of assistance. Under the Addressing Critical Needs strategy, the Trust’s approach is to 1) build pathways to stability, 2) promote well-being across one’s lifespan, and 3) support policy and systems innovation.
In November, the Trust released a Request for Proposal to support organizations advancing systems and policy innovations in the human services sector. Under this RFP, the Trust will fund organizations that work in coalition, partnership, or through a membership structure to share best practices and take collaborative action. Under this initiative, we seek organizations whose core work is to advance the collective power, knowledge, strategy and systems that build well-being for individuals and, more broadly, our communities. The long-term impacts under this initiative will advance equity and strengthen the Chicago region’s social impact sector.
As the region’s community foundation, the Trust will support organizations helping families and individuals who face barriers to stability. Fortunately, the Chicago region is home to many reputable organizations that provide high-quality services. In tandem with the delivery of essential services, the human services sector must advance systemic reforms and promote innovation in services. We do not lack innovative ideas, but organizations are often not funded to pilot new interventions. The Systems and Policy Innovations RFP offers organizations opportunities to disrupt existing systems of care. For instance, a coalition of community organizations focused on the social determinants of health may advocate for more housing opportunities, or a member organization working across the region may advance a more equitable state budget supporting Black and Latinx communities.
Like my niece, we must allow our curiosity to lead us into a deeper examination and ask the questions of why and how? Why do homelessness, hunger and violence disproportionately impact people of color? How might we begin to address the root causes of gun violence and food insecurity through innovation? And while we may not quickly arrive at the answers, it is my hope that our curiosity will lead us to work that results in a thriving Chicago region that is more connected and equitable.


In today’s digital economy, performance and application problems can create significant obstacles to business growth and profitability, and have a negative impact on the users' quality of experience. The key to supporting the user journey and ensuring flawless digital experiences is real-time understanding of every (business) transaction. That’s why deep packet inspection (DPI) is a key technology to enhance application performance monitoring (APM) solutions, as it enables real-time network visibility and application awareness across all layers and nodes within the network.
Why download this whitepaper
This paper examines closely how the use of DPI addresses these challenges with deeper analytics and real-time insights on IP traffic in the context of APM. Find out how these analytics address the current gaps in monitoring, tracking and analyzing application performance. Learn how the granular analysis and accuracy of IP traffic inspection enables enterprises to identify issues as they happen and even before they happen.


Determining whether an event or an item was an extraordinary item has been a confusing and often burdensome determination for accountants and entities alike. Over [...]
When it comes to preparing individual tax returns, many individuals wonder what kind of documentation they need to support their charitable contributions. First and foremost, [...]
Nonprofits receive in-kind contributions that can range from professional services to inventory and advertising. Some nonprofits also receive the right to use and/or lease land [...]


Housing Market Overview
With home prices rising roughly 12% from February 2020 to February 2021, equity levels have risen producing heightened wealth among millions of homeowners. Elevated equity has allowed homeowners to remodel and improve existing homes, resulting in further home value increases.
A tight supply of homes nationwide has added to rising home values as growing demand for homes has produced multiple offers on homes. The lack of inventory has also locked homeowners into their homes for longer periods as they upgrade and modernize.
A closely followed gauge of housing prices tracked by the Federal Reserve, the S&P/Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index, rose the most in 15 years, sending home prices to new highs throughout most of the country. The data also found that the lack of new homes spurred heightened demand for previously owned homes. The acceleration of prices for previously owned homes versus new homes hasn’t occurred in 15 years. Such elevated prices reflect a historically low level of homes available for sale nationwide. Some economists identify the rapid rise in home prices as inflationary, while the Fed has dismissed the rise as merely transitory due to effects brought about by the pandemic.
The pandemic, which triggered a migration from cities to suburbs throughout the country, has propelled home prices higher as a lack of inventory has not kept up with rising demand.
Rising home values translate into rising equity for homeowners, which in-turn enhances household wealth, credit availability and consumer confidence. Economists view these characteristics as supportive for an economic recovery, allowing for more borrowing and spending.
Source: Federal Reserve;
//fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CSUSHPINSA


We would like to thank Dr. Scharf for the supportive comments on our work.
1 We agree that analyses on other heart rhythm markers of atrial cardiopathy apart from atrial fibrillation would be of interest. However, due to the paucity of evidence on the implication of these markers on patient outcomes, no meaningful conclusions can be derived. The effect of anticoagulation on stroke recurrence in patients with evidence of atrial cardiopathy is currently being investigated in the ongoing Atrial Cardiopathy and Antithrombotic Drugs in Prevention after Cryptogenic Stroke trial (NCT03192215). Indeed, delineating recurrent stroke mechanisms in outcome events is important, but the reduction of the overall stroke risk burden should still be the primary end point for a large randomized controlled clinical trial. As stated in the conclusions of our abstract and highlighted by Dr. Scharf, the stroke community should wait for robust evidence from large-scale trials, evaluating the potential benefit of anticoagulation initiation prompted by prolonged cardiac monitoring within stroke prevention practices.


Abstract
The queen conch is a valuable and easy to harvest denizen of Caribbean benthic marine ecosystems, leading to population declines in many locations. In response, fishery regulations have been instituted in some nations, often designed to temper harvest by ensuring that only mature adults are harvested. Conch aggregate in shallow water sites during the reproductive season and shell lip thickness is a relative indicator of age (Appeldoorn 1988, Stoner et al. 2012a). Predictable shell growth and aggregation patterns facilitate the assessment of population density, size, and age structure in tandem over large areas.


SUSTAINABILITY, PEACE AND EDUCATION – exploring promise and practice
Hosted by the Centre for Comparative and International Research in Education (CIRE)
Convenors: Julia Paulson and Angeline Barrett
Sustainable development and education’s role within it is an important contemporary priority for Comparative and International Education. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) now command widespread global attention. At the same time actors across educational institutions and community settings, have responded creatively to the social and environmental challenges of sustainability with innovative programmes, practices and pedagogies.
To celebrate the 20th Anniversary of the British Association for International and Comparative Education (BAICE), the one-day symposium will bring together diverse perspectives on education and sustainability, including those drawn from the study of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), sustainability within development studies, and sustainable peace. The Symposium aims to critically interrogate the SDG agenda, but also to explore the creative possibilities through which educational policies, practices, pedagogies and processes might embody or enable improved sustainability.


The month of October has witnessed a major downtrend in funding in the fintech sector where 10 FinTechs raised about $ 108 million, compared to $278 million by 15 FinTechs in September.
Lender Kinara Capital has secured $24 million (around ₹200 crore) in a financing round led by UK's development finance institution, British International Investment (BII).
A report by PWC also revealed that there has been a significant decline in funding activity in Q3 CY22 (USD 2.7 billion) compared to Q2 CY22 (USD 6.6 billion). The decline was both in terms of value (59%) as well as volume (28%).
Following Kinara's $24 million raise, Snapmint raised $21 million, Pillow Fund raised $18 million and Drivetrain raised $15 million, said data by PGA.
Funding from leading FinTechs for October were significantly down compared to July, August and September where OneCard raised a total of $100 million, Early Salary a whopping $110 million and Zopper raised a total $75 million in July, August and September respectively.
Despite the drop, the investment into FinTech start-ups globally accounted for 18.8 per cent of the total $108.5 billion in the second quarter of 2022, according to CB Insights.
To give an overview, here are the top 10 funding rounds totalling to $ 108 million from the month of October, as per data collated by PGA Labs.
Sl. No Company Name Funds Raised (In $ Mln) Investors 1. Kinara Capital 24 British International Investment, ASN Microkredietfonds, Nuveen Investments 2. Snapmint 21 Kae Capital, 9 Unicorns, Anicut Capital, Negen Capital 3. Pillow Fund 18 Accel, Quona Capital, Jump Capital and Elevation Capital 4. Drivetrain 15 Elevation Capital, Jungle Ventures, Venture Highway 5. PayVEDA 11.5 SphitiCap 6. RevFin 10 Green Frontier Capital, Nueva Capital 7. Vance 5.8 Hummingbird Ventures, Global Founders Capital, YCombinator, Soma Capital 8. Investmint 2 Nexus Venture Partners 9. Wright Research 1 Orios Venture Partners 10. Escrowpay Undisclosed We Founder Circle, AngelList, JB Ventures


A critical incident can be any event in, or outside of, the workplace which involves an actual or threatened loss of life or a significant threat to a person’s physical or psychological well-being. Examples of a critical incident include:
the threat of, or an actual, physical assault or injury a robbery, fire, bomb threat or other violent, or potentially violent occurrence in the workplace witnessing a significant workplace injury or other accident sudden death of a work colleague, in or out of the workplace
To find out how CHG can help if you face a critical incident, click here.


Stacked, high-speed DDR4 and DDR5 memory useful in harsh battle environmentsStory
February 14, 2019
Today's autonomous and artificial intelligence (AI) military systems process an ever-growing amount of sensor data. To handle this extreme workload, system architects must design boards using the fastest FPGA [field-programmable gate array] devices and Intel multicore processors. These devices cannot provide peak performance without massive amounts of high-speed double-data rate fourth generation (DDR4) memory for resident data and real-time execution.
Faced with huge data asks, architects must engineer their systems to meet the size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints of smaller, more agile platforms integral to our warfighters’ mission success. To support the system requirements, each embedded board within the system may need a minimum of 64 GB of memory per processor, equating to more than 128 separate commercial-grade memory devices or multiple dual inline memory modules (DIMM) for layout on a printed circuit board.
This is not a feasible solution for the embedded boards inside ultra-compact military systems operating in harsh, forward-deployed environments. High-density, military-grade memory using die-stacking technology must be utilized for space and power savings while maintaining reliability in harsh environments.
The problems are stacking up
The complexity of die stacking and wire bonding increases with each additional die needed to engineer high-density memory, such as a single 16 GB DDR4 device. With so many circuits in a tightly stacked configuration, signal integrity is at the forefront of design considerations. The two main components of compromised signal integrity in the context of this discussion are crosstalk and return loss performance.
Crosstalk is the unwanted voltage noise coupling due to strong mutual inductance and mutual capacitance. More simply stated, it is the interference to a signal in one circuit caused by the signal transmission in an adjacent circuit in the die stack. Return loss is the signal distortion caused by the portion of a signal reflected back to its origin instead of carrying through to the final termination. It is caused by an impedance mismatch or discontinuity in a transmission line.
These performance issues limit data speeds in stacked-memory devices, comprising overall system performance and reliability. In mission-critical military applications, they may also lead to catastrophic events.
Traditional die-stacking design topologies have their limits
Traditional multichip stacking design methodologies use a branch or star topology. This is an effective design method for DDR2 and DDR3 devices as it enables the required data rates and densities those generations of devices can deliver. (Figure 1.) Skillfully designed stacked DDR4 devices could be feasible with this method. However, there are inherent limitations for high capacities as the increased termination path or bus length causes signal distortion and limits the maximum bandwidth of the transmission line due to reflections. As the number of stacked die increases, these continue to degrade to a detrimental point. Branch topology reaches its maximum capability thereby ruling out this method for use in highly dense, high-speed DDR4 and DDR5 devices. (Figure 2 and Figure 3.) Signal-integrity engineers must look at alternative design methodologies to enable the next generation of smaller, more agile military systems.
Figure 2: 2400 Mbps DDR4 using branch topology.
Figure 3: 4400 Mbps DDR5 using branch topology. High-density DDR4 realized
To reach the high-speed requirements of DDR4, the signal-integrity engineer faces two main challenges: First, reducing crosstalk, prominent with designs using non-transverse electromagnetic (TEM) conduits such as a redistribution layer (RDL) and bond wire; and second, meeting a minimum of -12 dB return loss performance.
Enhancements to the interconnect layer by way of a coplanar topology that supports higher frequency operations than branch topology is needed. This shortens the path between the two terminations while eliminating stubs, consequently improving signal integrity and timing. To achieve this, routing signals sequentially from one die to the next eliminates reflections associated with stubs or extra traces previously seen in branched designs. Creating a contiguous signal return path and linear bus path by adding a microstrip transmission line enables high-speed data rates. Additionally, considerations made to signal and signal-return trace widths further enable higher data rates and improvements to return loss.
With this topology, achieving a return loss of -16 dB through a delicate balance with crosstalk enables the miniaturization of 18 memory devices in a single compact package while offering 2666 Mbps date rates over military temperature ranges. However, while return loss is optimized with this method, improvement to crosstalk performance is still needed to meet DDR5 data speeds. (Figure 4 and Figure 5.)
Figure 4: 4400 Mbps DDR5 using advanced coplanar topology
Figure 5: 6400 Mbps DDR5 using advanced coplanar topology.
The path to military-grade DDR5
With expected double bandwidth and density over DDR4 along with improvements to power and channel efficiency, advanced military systems will use DDR5 devices to increase performance. However, even with the advancements in the coplanar topology for a high-density multichip package previously introduced, the higher data speeds for DDR5 still cannot be attained. Further improvements to crosstalk performance and the inter-die network are necessary. Developing a unique multiplanar ground and signal trace layout applied to the RDL increases crosstalk isolation resulting in a performance improvement of 6dB. No other known die-stacking design methodology is available today for the commercialization of high-density DDR5 in a singular device with data rates as fast as 6400 Mbps. (Figure 6.)
Figure 6: 6400 Mbps DDR5 using advanced multiplanar topology.
With the DDR5 JEDEC standard still in development, commercial DDR5 devices are set to release in 2019. Military-grade, high-density devices supporting speeds as fast as 6400 Mbps using advanced topology techniques will follow shortly after, set to release in 2020. Designers and users of next-generation military embedded systems will soon realize the maximum performance of their high-speed multicore processing systems due to the integration of high-capacity, high-speed stacked DDR5 while simultaneously benefiting from a much smaller system footprint.
Jennifer Keenan is the Senior Product Marketing Manager for the Microelectronics Secure Solutions group in Phoenix, Arizona. Jennifer has a bachelor’s degree in Marketing from Florida State University. Contact the group at [email protected]
Mercury Systems • www.mrcy.com


Article Title Abstract
Missional communities are small groups within a local church that serve those outside the church with the aim of sharing the gospel, perhaps even providing them the possibility of joining the group. Missional communities have been used effectively by local churches in reaching the surrounding community or a specific group of people. This article examines three different models of missional communities, discussing the strengths and challenges associated with each one. Based on these observations, along with observations on the evangelical Christian and Muslim communities in the United States, three recommendations are presented for helping missional communities effectively share the gospel with a local Muslim community.
Recommended Citation
Urton, M. (2022). An Examination of Three Models of Missional Communities for Sharing the Gospel with Muslims in the United States.
Great Commission Research Journal, 14(1), 35-49. Retrieved from https://place.asburyseminary.edu/gcrj/vol14/iss1/3


Projects per year
Abstract
Background. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain conditionthat often develops after injury, with a typical onset in adolescence. The impact ofchronic pain is far-reaching, with many adolescents reporting atypical developmental trajectories compared with peers. Social Comparison Theory offers a framework forunderstanding how such comparisons influence wellbeing, whereby a heightened sense of disparity places adolescents at risk of poor cognitive, affective and socialoutcomes. Using a novel linguistic analysis programme, this study aims to investigate cognitive, affective and social language used by adolescents with CRPS in comparisonto their peers during a task reflecting on their futures.Methods. A story completion task was completed by adolescents with CPRS (n=49)and adolescents without pain (n=48). This task involved asking adolescents to describe their imagined future. Narratives were analysed using a novel linguistic analysisprogramme, focusing on the cognitive, affective and social dimensions.Results. Findings revealed significant group differences in how adolescents withCRPS described their imagined futures. Adolescents with CRPS used significantlyfewer positive affect and more negative affect, anger and sadness words, and greaterinsight and discrepancy words. No significant groups differences were found for socialwords.Conclusions. Substantial differences in cognitive and affective words were foundbetween adolescents with and without CRPS. Findings provide novel insights into current understandings of cognitive, affective and social processes in adolescents living with chronic pain, particularly with regard to adolescent developmental trajectories, and may in turn highlight potential targets in psychosocial interventions for adolescents living with chronic pain.
FingerprintDive into the research topics of 'A linguistic analysis of future narratives in adolescents with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and their pain-free peers.'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Projects 1 Active
4/02/19 → 3/02/24
Project: UK charity


A new study in JAMA Pediatrics analyzed the number of microcephaly cases that resulted from congenital microcephaly and how it may be a larger cause than the 2016 Zika epidemic.
Researchers ultimately found that congenital cytomegalovirus infection significantly increased the prevalence of microcephaly at delivery 7-fold. These findings suggest that preventing cytomegalovirus in pregnancy may substantially reduce the number of babies with microcephaly at birth.
For a detailed study summary, visit
Contemporary Pediatrics.


Analysis
Justice SK Kaul led Constitution Bench To Hear Three Cases In October And November
The Bench will hear matters on religious excommunication, compensation for Bhopal Gas Tragedy victims and retrospective immunity from arrest
On September 20th, 2022, a Constitution Bench led by Justice S.K. Kaul laid down the schedule to hear five key matters. These cases question the validity of religious excommunication, adequacy of victim compensation over the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, retrospective immunity against arrest, qualification criteria for advocates, and the Supreme Court’s powers to hear cases directly.
The Bench, also comprising Justices Sanjiv Khanna, A.S. Oka, Vikram Nath and J.K. Maheshwari, is the fourth Constitution Bench to be formed in Chief Justice of India U.U. Lalit’s tenure. The Bench is tasked with hearing some of the oldest pending Constitution Bench cases, some of which have been on the Court’s docket for over 30 years. The Bench will start hearing arguments in these cases from September 27th, 2022.
Validity of All India Bar Examinations
In 2010, the Bar Council of India (BCI) introduced the All India Bar Examination (AIBE). The exam was made mandatory for anyone who wished to practise as an advocate. 13 petitions were filed by advocates and legal aspirants at the Supreme Court challenging the validity of the examination. They argue that it compels a lawyer to write it, even after their enrollment as an Advocate. A lawyer’s enrollment with a State Bar Council lapses if they do not pass the AIBE in two years of enrollment. On March 18th, 2016, a 3-Judge Bench led by former CJI T.S. Thakur referred the case to a 5-Judge Constitution Bench. The Court will decide if the Advocates Act, 1961, allows the BCI to conduct a pre-enrollment examination.
The Court began hearing the matter on September 27th, 2022. The case was reserved for Judgment on September 28th, 2022. Read more about the case here.
Extent of Supreme Court’s power to Directly Hear Cases
On August 12th, 2014, two parties seeking divorce, approached the Supreme Court under Article 142. The Article empowers Supreme Court to pass any orders it feels necessary to do ‘complete justice’.The Court, after granting them divorce, kept the petition pending until it decided the larger questions of whether they could hear matrimonial disputes using their powers under Article 142.
On June 29th, 2016, the matter was referred to a 5-Judge Bench of the Supreme Court. The case will require the Court to look into the extent of its powers under Article 142 in cases where a marriage is irretrievably damaged. The Court will also decide what powers it has in cases where one of the parties does not want to consent to a divorce.
The Bench began hearing the case on September 28th, 2022. The case was reserved for Judgment on September 29th, 2022. Read more about the case here.
Excommunication Of Dissidents From Dawoodi Bohra Community
In 1958, the leader of the Dawoodi Bohra community challenged the Bombay Prevention of Excommunication Act, 1949, which prevented religious denominations from removing or ‘excommunicating’ their members. In 1962, a 5-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court struck down the Act and held that the power of excommunication is a part of the community’s right to manage its own religious affairs under Article 26(b) of the Constitution. In February 1986, members of the Dawoodi Bohra Community challenged the 1962 decision, asking the Supreme Court to reconsider it.
Interestingly, the Prevention of Excommunication Act has already been repealed through the Maharashtra Protection of People from Social Boycott (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2016. However, the case remains pending before the 5-Judge Bench.
On September 20th, 2022, the matter came up before the Constitution Bench led by Justice Kaul. Senior Advocate Siddharth Bhatnagar, appearing on behalf of some members of the Dawoodi Bohra community, argued the court must hear the case as the practice of excommunication is under challenge and not the act itself. Solicitor General Tushar Mehta informed the Court that Constitutional issues do not become outdated, even if parties who initiated the litigation are not interested in pursuing it. The Court will decide if the practice of excommunication is constitutionally valid.
The Bench is expected to begin hearing the case on October 11th, 2022.
Adequacy of Compensation Paid to Bhopal Gas Tragedy Victims
In 2010, the Union government filed a petition, seeking additional compensation for victims of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. The petition claims that the 1989 settlement giving compensation to the victims of Bhopal Gas Tragedy, was ‘seriously impaired’. The Union is seeking further compensation of over ₹7,400 crore from Union Carbide, the US based company that was held responsible for the damage caused.
Counsels argued that many victims, who initially suffered from simple injuries, developed serious ailments leading to increased costs of treatment. However, the Bench stated that since the petition was filed by the Union government, it was for them to decide if they wished to pursue the matter further.
SG Tushar Mehta informed the Bench that since the matter was listed without prior notice, he will have to seek instructions from the Union government on whether it is still inclined to pursue it. The case will be heard next on October 11th, 2022.
Retrospective Application of Immunity Granted Against Arrest
Section 6A (1) of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, requires the Delhi police to receive approval from the Union government to investigate offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The provision provides immunity to officers at the Joint Secretary level and above from being arrested without the Union Government’s approval.
However, the Section was held to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in
Subramanian Swamy v Director, Central Bureau of Investigation (2014). While holding it unconstitutional, the Court did not clarify if the Judgment would apply to cases that are pending before the Court or if it would apply solely to cases going forward.
In 2004, Dr. R.R. Kishore, Chief Medical Officer in the Government of Delhi, was arrested by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) for accepting a bribe. Dr. Kishore challenged the arrest on the ground that the CBI did not obtain Union approval under Section 6A (1) to arrest him.
In 2016, the Court referred the case to a 5-Judge Bench to decide if the authorisation to remove the immunity of Central Government employees at the Joint Secretary level could apply to cases that arose before the provision was struck down.
The Bench decided that it will start hearing the case from November 1st, 2022.


After a person is named an executor, the individual takes on the obligation to adequately and promptly complete the estate’s administration in addition to distributing an estate’s assets to anyone listed as a beneficiary. Assuming that the executor appreciates the duty that he or she owes to the estate and pursues appropriate assistance, an estate’s administration can be performed in a timely manner, and assets are distributed appropriately.
It’s not unique for new challenges to appear during estate administration. This article highlights some situations where a court might remove an executor after paperwork is filed by an estate beneficiary.
A common issue faced by beneficiaries is when executors do not timely administer an estate. Even though estate administration is nuanced, executors have a duty to administer estates in a timely manner. Unfortunately, executors sometimes do not expediently process how an estate should be administered. Instead, executors sometimes take too long to complete estate planning processes.
In situations where an executor is derelict in his duty with estate administration, actions can be filed with courts pursuing the removal of an executor. Often, courts will establish a schedule that executors should meet after actions are filed. Assuming that an executor meets important court deadlines, a person will likely not be removed from an estate.
Failing to Keep Accurate Records
Every executor has an obligation to keep detailed records involving estate administration. Unfortunately, executors sometimes fail to maintain records that could serve as a basis for their removal in case an action is filed with the court. Besides the removal of these actions, courts sometimes enter judgments against executors for any amount for which they cannot account. Actions of this kind often arise during estate administration when executors do not provide estate accounting following beneficiary requests. If an executor cannot provide such detailed information, action can be pursued that can lead to the removal and surcharge against an executor.
Commingling Assets
When executors administer estates, they must make sure to maintain both separate and distinct estate accounts. Executors occasionally commit the error of placing assets from an estate into personal accounts, which leads to these assets becoming commingled. This violates an executor’s fiduciary duty to estate beneficiaries and can lead to an executor’s removal if the matter is not promptly remedied.
If estate accounts are commingled but are remedied with sufficient accounting, this can prevent the removal of the executor. If commingling occurs and an executor cannot sufficiently account in regards to estate assets, the executor will almost certainly be removed. Following the removal of an executor, an executor would likely be surcharged and judgment made against the executor.


Computer Science > Machine Learning Title:Feedback in Imitation Learning: The Three Regimes of Covariate ShiftDownload PDF Abstract: Imitation learning practitioners have often noted that conditioning policies on previous actions leads to a dramatic divergence between "held out" error and performance of the learner in situ. Interactive approaches can provably address this divergence but require repeated querying of a demonstrator. Recent work identifies this divergence as stemming from a "causal confound" in predicting the current action, and seek to ablate causal aspects of current state using tools from causal inference. In this work, we argue instead that this divergence is simply another manifestation of covariate shift, exacerbated particularly by settings of feedback between decisions and input features. The learner often comes to rely on features that are strongly predictive of decisions, but are subject to strong covariate shift. Our work demonstrates a broad class of problems where this shift can be mitigated, both theoretically and practically, by taking advantage of a simulator but without any further querying of expert demonstration. We analyze existing benchmarks used to test imitation learning approaches and find that these benchmarks are realizable and simple and thus insufficient for capturing the harder regimes of error compounding seen in real-world decision making problems. We find, in a surprising contrast with previous literature, but consistent with our theory, that naive behavioral cloning provides excellent results. We detail the need for new standardized benchmarks that capture the phenomena seen in robotics problems. DBLP - CS Bibliography Bibliographic and Citation Tools Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article Recommenders and Search Tools arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.
Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.


Abstract
The saturated state of turbulence driven by the ion-temperature-gradient instability is investigated using a two-dimensional long-wavelength fluid model that describes the perturbed electrostatic potential and perturbed ion temperature in a magnetic field with constant curvature (a -pinch) and an equilibrium temperature gradient. Numerical simulations reveal a well-defined transition between a finite-amplitude saturated state dominated by strong zonal-flow and zonal temperature perturbations, and a blow-up state that fails to saturate on a box-independent scale. We argue that this transition is equivalent to the Dimits transition from a low-transport to a high-transport state seen in gyrokinetic numerical simulations (Dimits et al.Phys. Plasmas, vol. 7, 2000, 969). A quasi-static staircase-like structure of the temperature gradient intertwined with zonal flows, which have patch-wise constant shear, emerges near the Dimits threshold. The turbulent heat flux in the low-collisionality near-marginal state is dominated by turbulent bursts, triggered by coherent long-lived structures closely resembling those found in gyrokinetic simulations with imposed equilibrium flow shear (van Wyk et al.J. Plasma Phys., vol. 82, 2016, 905820609). The breakup of the low-transport Dimits regime is linked to a competition between the two different sources of poloidal momentum in the system - the Reynolds stress and the advection of the diamagnetic flow by the flow. By analysing the linear ion-temperature-gradient modes, we obtain a semi-analytic model for the Dimits threshold at large collisionality.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes Condensed Matter Physics Keywords fusion plasma plasma instabilities plasma nonlinear phenomena


Glaucoma is an eye disease that generally occurs when your intraocular pressure (IOP) levels rise and damage your optic nerve. However, some forms of glaucoma can develop without raising your IOP levels.
Glaucoma initially damages your peripheral vision, but it can also damage your central vision and even cause blindness over time. Although there are several types of glaucoma, 3 of the most common are:
Open-Angle Glaucoma
Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form of this disease. It occurs when your IOP levels rise over time even though the drainage angle between your cornea and iris remains open. IOP levels can increase if your eyes produce too much fluid (aqueous humour) or if the fluid doesn’t drain fast enough to maintain stable pressure.
Our team can detect open-angle glaucoma during a comprehensive eye exam by measuring your IOP levels or checking your optic nerve for damage.
Closed-Angle Glaucoma
Closed-angle, or angle-closure, glaucoma is less common than open-angle glaucoma but can be much more severe. This disease occurs when the drainage angle between your iris and cornea closes, rapidly elevating your IOP levels. Along with sudden vision loss, you may also experience eye pain, headaches, or nausea.
Closed-angle glaucoma is considered to be a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Normal-Tension Glaucoma
Normal-tension glaucoma can develop without elevated IOP levels. However, our team can diagnose this disease by checking your optic nerve for damage.


Amebiasis is a parasitic infection of the intestines caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, or E. histolytica. The symptoms of amebiasis include loose stool, abdominal cramping, and stomach pain. However, most people with amebiasis won’t experience significant symptoms. The cysts are a relatively inactive form of the parasite that can live for several months in the soil or environment where they were deposited in feces. The microscopic cysts are present in soil, fertilizer, or water that’s been contaminated with infected feces. Food handlers may transmit the cysts while preparing or handling food. Transmission is also possible during anal sex, oral-anal sex, and colonic irrigation. When cysts enter the body, they lodge in the digestive tract. They then release an invasive, active form of the parasite called a trophozite. The parasites reproduce in the digestive tract and migrate to the large intestine. There, they can burrow into the intestinal wall or the colon. This causes bloody diarrhea, colitis, and tissue destruction. The infected person can then spread the disease by releasing new cysts into the environment through infected feces.


ICASO’s
vision is an end to the HIV epidemic for all.
ICASO’s
mission is to mobilize communities to provide transformative leadership in the response to HIV and intersecting challenges.
Since 1991, the International Council of AIDS Service Organizations (ICASO) has mobilized communities worldwide to assert leadership in the global responses to HIV and intersecting health and human rights issues. ICASO has facilitated meaningful community engagement in major policy fora. Through our collaborative and inclusive approach, we have established a unique role as an effective coalition-builder and a trusted advocacy partner.
ICASO also supports communities working to influence national health policymaking and to achieve structural changes that will advance human rights and improve health outcomes. We provide technical assistance to community-based organizations in all regions of the world.
Diversity of communities remains at the center of ICASO’s focus and governance.
Our active Board of Directors embodies diversity not only in terms of gender, education, geography, and key populations, but also in terms of linkages to various communities of science, advocacy, communications, education, and affected populations.
ICASO’s broad yet close-knit network of partners has evolved through three decades of shared experiences. It includes regional and national networks, academics, technical assistance providers, global and regional agencies, and funders. Over time, we have strategically expanded our network to include stakeholders who are focused on related health and structural issues. Although ICASO is legally based in Canada, our legitimacy arises from our widely recognized ability to link communities globally and serve as a networking mechanism to help them make their voices heard.


Research Nester released a report titled
“Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Treatment Market: Global Demand Analysis & Opportunity Outlook 2030” which delivers detailed overview of the global relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treatment market in terms of market segmentation by drug type, route of administration, end-user and region.
Further, for the in-depth analysis, the report encompasses the industry growth indicators, restraints, supply and demand risk, along with detailed discussion on current and future market trends that are associated with the growth of the market.
The relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treatment market is projected to grow with a moderate CAGR during the forecast period, i.e., 2022-2030, on account of the increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis globally.
According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS), relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the most common type of multiple sclerosis, accounting for nearly 85% of the diagnosis. In addition to this, the development of the latest formulations to provide effective treatment is also a key factor fueling the market’s growth.
The global relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treatment market is divided by drug type into beta-interferon, cladribine, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, ozanimod, and others, out of these, the beta interferon segment is projected to capture a larger share of the market during the forecast period, on account of its high efficacy. Additionally, over the past decade, beta-interferon therapy has been the first-line treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Based on region, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa. The market in the North America region currently captures the larger share of the market, which is primarily attributed to the region’s efficient healthcare infrastructure. Additionally, the growing prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the United States and Canada is also contributing to the growth of the market in the region.
According to the Multiple Sclerosis Association of America, nearly 1 million people in the United States are affected by the disease. Along with this, the region’s growing geriatric population, with over 54 million people above 65 years of age, is also anticipated to drive the growth of the market in the forthcoming years. Growing Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis to Drive Market Growth According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), the estimated number of people living with multiple sclerosis globally has increased to approximately 2.8 million in 2022.
As the prevalence of the disease increases, the treatment landscape of the disease is also evolving, which, in turn, is anticipated to create lucrative opportunities for the market in the upcoming years.
However, high cost of treatment is estimated to act as a restraint in market growth.
This report also provides the existing competitive scenario of some of the key players of the global relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treatment market which includes company profiling of Biogen Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Merck KGaA, Novartis AG, Sanofi-aventis Groupe, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Genentech, Inc., Acorda Therapeutics, Inc. and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC.
The profiling enfolds key information of the companies which encompasses business overview, products and services, key financials and recent news and developments. On the whole, the report depicts detailed overview of the global relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treatment market that will help industry consultants, equipment manufacturers, existing players searching for expansion opportunities, new players searching possibilities and other stakeholders to align their market centric strategies according to the ongoing and expected trends in the future.
About Research Nester
Research Nester is a one-stop service provider with a client base in more than 50 countries, leading in strategic market research and consulting with an unbiased and unparalleled approach towards helping global industrial players, conglomerates and executives for their future investment while avoiding forthcoming uncertainties. With an out-of-the-box mindset to produce statistical and analytical market research reports, we provide strategic consulting so that our clients can make wise business decisions with clarity while strategizing and planning for their forthcoming needs and succeed in achieving their future endeavors. We believe every business can expand to its new horizon, provided a right guidance at a right time is available through strategic minds.
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Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) or Gumboro is a disease affecting poultry health which increases mortality due to bursal atrophy in the broiler. Another cause of this disease is immunosuppression. Therefore, enhancing immunity is a good strategy to support the animals against this disease.
In this study, Turbo Tox was tested along with Gumboro vaccination to evaluate the immune-modulatory effect.Read more “Effects of dietary inclusion of XVET’s Turbo Tox on Gumboro disease status of broiler chickens”


Home insurance provides necessary protection for your home and assets, but it’s only effective if it offers coverage for all your property and assets. When it comes to insuring your home and property, you must be aware that typical homeowner’s insurance does
not offer coverage for all types of damages. For instance, insurance plans do not cover damages caused by flooding and other natural disasters, which means that you need to protect yourself with additional insurance plans or add-ons to your policy.
Investing in a comprehensive insurance plan provides peace of mind and real protection for your assets. Check out some of our team’s tips for making sure you’re covered appropriately for what is often one of your most valuable financial assets, your home.
Understand Typical Coverage
While homeowners’ insurance is typically not legally required, many mortgage lenders require a minimum homeowners insurance plan. Your current insurance plan may not cover all the property associated with your home or protect your property against all potential conditions. As you assess your current insurance coverage, it’s necessary that you understand common coverage options. Typically, homeowners’ insurance offers six types of coverage:
Dwelling Coverage: Coverage on your home’s physical structure, based on costs to rebuild today. Homeowner’s often find that they are under-insured here, especially with the consistent rise in costs of supplies. Other Structures: Insurance that makes sure your pool, tool shed, fence, or detached garage are covered. Personal Property: Coverage on personal items in your home, like furniture or some electronics. Loss of Use: Coverage that offers assistance with expenses like hotel bills if your home becomes uninhabitable due to a specific natural disaster, like a hurricane. Personal Liability: Coverage for legal defense and court ordered judgments relating to damage (bodily or property) that others incur due to your actions. It is great to consider whether your coverage is enough to protect your assets, or what could be taken from you in a lawsuit. Often, homeowners purchase an umbrella liability insurance policy. Medical Payments: Coverage that assists with medicals bills (under a certain amount) that relate to accidents that others might incur at your property.
Typical coverage may appear comprehensive at first, since generic homeowners’ insurance offers protection against a variety of incidents. However, this insurance lacks coverage for notable incidents, like flooding.
Consider Your Location
As you consider the lack of coverage for natural disasters in most insurance plans, you must consider your home’s location. For instance, if you live in high-risk flood areas or a state that’s often directly impacted by hurricanes, such as the Mississippi or Alabama Gulf Coast, it is a great idea to invest in flood insurance.
Though floods are one of the most common natural disasters, home insurance does not cover damages incurred from flooding or surface water. Flooding can have disastrous consequences on your property, and flood insurance can shield you from losing your assets.
As you consider flood insurance, consult the FEMA Flood Map to get an idea of the likelihood of flooding in your area. Still, keep in mind that flooding can occur rapidly and unexpectedly, sometimes even if you are not in a high-risk area.
Think About Your Employment
Working remotely is more prevalent than ever nowadays. Remote work offers employees more flexibility and convenience than on-site jobs, but it does require you to think more carefully about your home insurance coverage.
While home insurance does offer protection for property in the home, there are limitations. Typical home insurance will not reimburse you for the full value of high value items, like wedding rings or significantly expensive technology equipment. If you are using company provided equipment, then this will likely be covered within your employer’s insurance. However, if you are using your own technology–like laptops, printers, tablets, etc.– to complete your work, the allotted property coverage may be lower than necessary. This means that you might need to consider expanding your home insurance coverage to ensure that your ability to work from home will not be interrupted by unexpected incidents.
Consult an Expert
Homeowners insurance can be confusing to purchase, so consulting an expert can enable you to invest in the best protection for your home and assets. In the meantime, our team might suggest adding savings goals to your financial planning. Reach out to your local bank team to see which savings account will work best for you!


The author is an analyst from Shinhan Investment Corp. He can be reached at yjjung86@shinhan.com. — Ed.
Auto actions will serve as defensive play in the current environment
Almost all consumer goods cannot escape the impacts of an economic downturn or recession. Auto stocks are typical cyclical stocks that generate low returns at the onset of a downturn. However, we believe that the current market cycle will be different from previous ones. The fears of recession which weigh heavily on the financial market are less felt by the automotive sector. Pent-up demand resulting from supply constraints during the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to remain strong through the end of the year. Demand is also supported by relatively low interest rates on auto loans in the United States, which have risen 2.0%p since the start of the year against a 3.2%p rise in interest rates on Mortgages.
Expected 3Q22 operating profit at 3.3 tr KRW (+108% YoY)
The market focused on movements in exchange rates, a key variable for earnings. For 3Q22, we assume that the USD/KRW exchange rate is 1,334 KRW on average and 1,431 KRW at the end of the quarter. Export gains resulting from a sharp rise in the average USD/KRW rate (+177 KRW YoY) will likely boost Hyundai Motor’s operating profit by around KRW 800 billion YoY. However, we note the negative impact of the recent rise in interest rates on short-term profits. A loss on foreign currency conversion could be incurred with provisions amounting to 10tr KRW. A rise of 138 KRW QoQ in the USD/KRW rate at the end of the quarter is expected to increase collateral provisions by around 600 billion KRW QoQ. In other words, positive currency effects will be offset by negative effects.
We focus more on the sustainability of structural growth than on currency trends. Hyundai Motor is benefiting from higher trim model sales growth with improved product quality in a seller’s market. New car prices are also increasing with the 2023 model year changes. Inventory days in major markets are still 30 days. US sales incentives are estimated at $500 in Q3, down $118 from Q2. Hyundai Motor is expected to report operating profit of KRW 3.3 tr (+108% year-on-year) in the third quarter, with robust sales and favorable exchange rates driving growth.
Hold BUY for a target price of 260,000 KRW
We maintain our BUY rating on Hyundai Motor for a target price of KRW 260,000. Stocks are undervalued despite strong earnings due to recurring concerns about a spike and the negative impact of the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). We believe a reassessment is underway amid rising expectations for Q3 earnings. Now is the time to pay attention to market conditions rather than forex.


Anyone with a basic understanding of fitness knows about supplementation and its advantages. Although the market is bombarded with protein and drink, they do not offer
advanced Nutrition.
These are not
Nutrition supplements as they are prepared using artificial ingredients. If you are a fitness freak and looking to buy a pure supplement, you should go for lean gainer or nitro juice gainer.
These powder protein drinks accelerate your training and improve overall athletic performance. Before exploring their benefits, let us look at why protein is so essential when it comes to fitness and bodybuilding.
Whey Protein is Necessary:
A highly searched question online these days, well, the answer is protein is an essential micronutrient that supports multiple functions in the body. Without proper intake of protein, we might cease to function.
Therefore, health experts recommend individuals should consume protein regularly to stay active. One can increase protein intake through meat, fish, chicken, and eggs. The question arises here why gym-goers have to rely on supplements when they have natural resources for protein intake.
The life of an athlete differs from the average adult working in an office. They have to follow a regular exercise program for which protein from a normal diet is not enough. That is why a
is required to inject protein into the body to survive intensive training sessions. Nutritional Supplement Benefits of Protein supplements: Muscle Growth
Muscle growth requires hard work in the gym and a portion-controlled diet. Additionally, gym-goers need
advanced Nutrition to hit the iron hard. However, regular exercise makes him feel stressed, slowing down his overall performance.
It happens when muscle tissues break down, and the body uses them as energy. Lean gainer protein supplement supplies fresh protein and amino acid profiles, stopping muscle breakdown. Amino acids, especially leucine, promote muscle protein synthesis and gives your muscle instant energy to complete the workout.
However, one should combine his
nutritional supplement with a proper diet and regular exercise. A supplement is effective when followed by a good diet; if you are not a gym-goer, ask your dietician to suggest an appropriate dosage. Reduces Fat Levels
Fat levels can cause hurdles in your overall fitness journey. Therefore, a gym-goer tries his best to avoid caloric food. Often individuals reduce calorie intake in an attempt to lower their fat levels.
According to professional athletes, reducing calories is not a healthy practice. However, it helps you to lower fats but declines your energy in the end. Lean gainer is a high-quality protein supplement with a massive amount of calories to ensure your body’s energy is maintained. Additionally, protein digests quickly in your body, making you feel fuller.
Another reason for gaining fat is unhealthy snacking between lunch and dinner. Snacking is a reason for cravings as when we crave, we go for sugary beverages, chips, or snacks, which are unhealthy. These UN processed foods contain a considerable amount of calories, leading to increased fat levels.
Protein promotes satiety, a point where the individual feels fuller and does not crave anything. Multiple studies claim protein reduces hunger hormones and cravings by 50%.
Improves Overall Endurance
Swimmers, cyclers, and athletes have to take part in multiple activities. Therefore, they need
advanced Nutrition to survive resistance training. However, continuous workouts lead to tiredness, slowing down your overall performance.
Nitro juice gainer is a top-quality protein supplement that reduces the mica tears in your muscle, which causes exhaustion.
Moreover, the supplement offers minerals and vitamins to fuel the muscles, enabling athletes to bounce back on the exercise with full force. Several studies claim that appropriate protein use before and after a workout can repair damaged muscles and speed recovery after an intense workout session.
Ease Muscle Soreness
Muscle soreness is often referred to as delayed onset muscle soreness. Soreness causes pain and irritation in the body that causes a performance slowdown.
Although muscle soreness is positive, that indicates muscle growth but reduces your capability to generate energy when it remains for the long term. Researchers have tried hard to find the real reason behind soreness. However, the researches lack solid evidence, and the cause has not yet been stated. It does not mean soreness has no treatment; you can opt for
health supplements to ease muscle soreness.
Power Meal fuel is a protein drink that eliminates acid build-up from your body and stops it from accumulating again.
A
Nutritional supplement like nitro juice gainer is beneficial for athletes and others who do not often visit the gym. Health benefits of protein supplements include improvement in skin health and oral health. Moreover, it is given to cancer patients as well. Although protein has countless advantages, they are valid when using the appropriate protein dosage.
Protein dosage plays a crucial role in fitness and bodybuilding. However, often gym athletes overconsume protein to gain quick results. At the same time, it is not a healthy practice and might cause side effects. If you are not aware of protein dosage, you do not need to worry.
Protein Dosage
Excess of anything can lead to side effects. Similarly, consuming protein supplements in excessive quantities can lead to health problems. Research has not suggested any appropriate protein dosage.
However, some studies claim that usage of protein supplements relies on several factors, including age, gender, and metabolic rate. Therefore, everyone has their age and metabolism, making it difficult to suggest any dosage.
Some studies indicate that humans should consume 0.5grams of protein per kg of body weight daily. Whereas gym-goers have to hit the iron complex, they need a high amount of protein. They should consume 0.8grams per kg body weight regularly to maintain their physic.
However, one should avoid over-usage as it can lead to stomach upsets, kidney problems, and gas.


Preparing for the Impact of the ICD-9/10 Transition on Syndromic Surveillance DOI:https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v7i1.5693 Abstract
Prior to the October 1, 2015 transition deadline, all public health jurisdictions should prepare for the impact that the ICD-9/10 transition will have on their syndromic surveillance practice. This change presents challenges involving resources, funding, and time constraints for code translation and syndrome classification. It will also require new statistical methodologies to accommodate changes to coding practices. This session describes the process developed to incorporate practical public health input to translate syndromic surveillance syndromes and sub-syndromes from ICD-9 diagnostic codes to ICD-10 codes. These translations will be a solution that addresses how the challenge of the transition can be used to improve surveillance practice.
Downloads Published How to Cite Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v7i1.5693


Abstract
Sensory hypersensitivity and somatosensory deficits represent the core symptoms of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). These alterations are believed to arise from changes in cortical sensory processing, while potential deficits in the function of peripheral sensory neurons residing in dorsal root ganglia remain unexplored. We found that peripheral sensory neurons exhibit pronounced hyperexcitability in Fmr1 KO mice, manifested by markedly increased action potential (AP) firing rate and decreased threshold. Unlike excitability changes found in many central neurons, no significant changes were observed in AP rising and falling time, peak potential, amplitude, or duration. Sensory neuron hyperexcitability was caused primarily by increased input resistance, without changes in cell capacitance or resting membrane potential. Analyses of the underlying mechanisms revealed reduced activity of HCN channels and reduced expression of HCN1 and HCN4 in Fmr1 KO compared to WT. A selective HCN channel blocker abolished differences in all measures of sensory neuron excitability between WT and Fmr1 KO neurons. These results reveal a hyperexcitable state of peripheral sensory neurons in Fmr1 KO mice caused by dysfunction of HCN channels. In addition to the intrinsic neuronal dysfunction, the accompanying paper examines deficits in sensory neuron association/communication with their enveloping satellite glial cells, suggesting contributions from both neuronal intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms to sensory dysfunction in the FXS mouse model.
Keywords Fragile X syndrome HCN channel action potential hyperexcitability sensory neuron


The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season officially concluded on 30 November. It was so active that, for the second consecutive year, it exhausted the regular list of names from WMO’s rotating list. Accurate forecasts and coordinated early warnings protected life and property throughout the season.
There were 21 named storms with winds of 64 km/h (39 mph) or greater, including seven hurricanes (winds of 118 km/h (74 mph) or greater) of which four were major hurricanes (hurricanes reaching category 3 and above according to the Saffir-Simpson Scale which is a 1 to 5 rating, with winds of 178 km/h (111) mph or greater).
This year was the third most active year on record in terms of named storms, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It marks the sixth consecutive above-normal Atlantic hurricane season. It was the first time on record that two consecutive hurricane seasons exhausted the list of 21 storm names.
WMO maintains rotating lists of names in alphabetical order to alert the public of potential hazards. Male and female names are alternated, and the lists are used every six years. If the list of names is exhausted, a supplemental list can be used. If a hurricane is particularly devastating or deadly, its name is retired and a new one selected.
This above-average hurricane season was accurately predicted by NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center in its May and August outlooks. The U.S. National Hurricane Center, which acts as WMO’s Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre, delivered accurate and timely forecasts and operational guidance products for the entire North Atlantic, Central America and Caribbean basin.
Improved early warnings and coordinated disaster management activities by members of WMO’s Hurricane Committee (Regional Association IV) seek to save lives and protect property and infrastructure each year.
Hurricane Ida stands out as the season’s deadliest and most damaging storm. At its peak, Ida was category 4 on the Saffir Simpson scale. Ida tracked through the Caribbean, leaving a trail of destruction in Cuba and other islands. It made landfall near the city of New Orleans on 30 August, on the 16th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina and caused widespread infrastructure damage and power outages in the US State of Louisiana.Ida transitioned to a post-tropical cyclone as it moved through the northeastern USA, breaking multiple rainfall records, causing disruption to transport systems and triggering deadly flash-flooding which caused dozens of casualties.
Hurricane Grace developed in mid August and hit the Leeward Islands, Haiti, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Mexico (twice, Yucatan and “mainland”).
This season’s storm activity started early and quickly ramped up, as it was the seventh consecutive year with a named storm forming before the official start to the season on June 1, and held the earliest fifth named storm on record. By contrast, October and November were unusually quiet in terms of cyclone activity.
Climate factors, including La Niña, above-normal sea surface temperatures earlier in the season, and above-average West African Monsoon rainfall were the primary contributors for this above-average hurricane season, according to NOAA scientists.
Another contributing factor is a phenomenon known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, which entered a warm phase in 1995 which favors more, stronger, and longer-lasting storms.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Sixth Assessment Report, released in August 2021, projects with high confidence that the global proportion of tropical cyclones that reach very intense (category 4-5) levels, along with their peak winds and rainfall rates, are expected to increase with climate warming at the global scale.
NOAA press release is here


The additional capital supplements the funding secured by Qure.ai earlier this year, in a round led by three leading life science investor companies – Novo Holdings, HealthQuad, and Merck Holdings, and supported by existing investor Mass Mutual Ventures. Other current investors include Sequoia Capital and Fractal Analytics.
TEAMFund believes that improving global healthcare access and quality starts where the need is greatest. The company extensively supports med-tech and digital health startups that are working towards increasing access to sustainable healthcare solutions that can address unmet needs in resource constrained populations. Fund I is especially focused on companies working towards alleviating high-impact healthcare burdens with digital-first solutions.
Yousuf Mazhar, Managing Partner at TEAMFund said“We are very excited to join Qure.ai and an amazing team as they advance their market leading AI technology in multiple imaging applications. Qure’s AI imaging platform has already demonstrated that it can detect multiple anomalies and nodules in the chest which can lead to early identification of lung cancer, which is the most common form of cancer worldwide. In this way alone, Qure can have immense impact worldwide.”
Qure.ai will use the funding to extend and strengthen its global reach and intensify product development for critical care and community diagnostics. Qure.ai’s global health presence has been on a steady growth path. The company’s intervention during the pandemic and the continued efforts to optimise lung health screening in vulnerable communities has been a distinguisher for global health across markets.
Commenting on the funding,
Prashant Warier, CEO and Co-founder, Qure.aisaid: “TEAMFund’s sharp focus on fashioning a sustainable approach to improving healthcare quality and access aligns with Qure’s mission of making quality healthcare accessible and affordable to all. This fresh infusion of funds strengthens Qure.ai’s position as a global leader in healthcare AI and is a force-multiplier in our effort towards building equitable healthcare solutions for all. Moreover, with regulatory clearances for our products in 75+ countries (including FDA & CE), we are optimally positioned to scale non-linearly across global markets”.
Qure.ai is present in 600+ sites across 60+ countries including UK, US, Southeast Asia, Latin America, Australia and Africa.


As the coronavirus pandemic has decimated large swaths of the economy, higher education has been hit particularly hard. Many colleges and universities were already experiencing shaky finances before COVID. Sixty percent of schools missed their fall 2019 enrollment goals according to a February 2020 Chronicle of Higher Education story. Changing demographics and drops in international enrollment are cited as primary contributors. There’s been a significant drop in the U.S. birthrate, leading to projected enrollment declines for the foreseeable future. New government policies limited the number of international students who generally pay full tuition prices.


Q. An heir owes a significant debt to the estate. The heir refuses to repay the debt to the estate claiming that the debt is Prescribed since five years have passed. Is the heir liable to repay the debt to the estate? A. In South Africa, a Prescribed Debt refers to a debt that is legally written off and cannot be collected or recovered from a debtor after a period of typically three years have passed from the date when the payment of the debt was due.
In terms of Islamic Law, the debt of the debtor is not written off or waived unless the creditor himself waives the debt owed by the debtor. Thus, it remains the debtors responsibility to repay the debt to the creditor regardless of the period of time that has lapsed when the payment was due.
There are severe warnings mentioned in the Hadith for a debtor who does not repay his debt. Rasoolullah Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam said:…”By the One in Whose hand is my soul, if a man were to be killed in the cause of Allah (a noble death) then brought back to life, then killed and brought back to life, then killed but he owed a debt,
he would not enter Paradise until his debt was paid off.” (Nasaai’ 4684)
If a debtor is unable to repay the debt to the creditor, the creditor must give respite and allow the debtor to repay the debt when he is able to do so.
ِAllah Ta’ala states in the Quran: “If it is difficult for someone to repay a debt, postpone it until a time of ease. And if you waive it as an act of charity, it will be better for you, if only you knew.”
(Surah Baqarah, 280)
As such, in the enquired case, the heir (debtor) remains responsible in repaying the debt owed to the estate regardless of the number of years that have passed without the debt being repaid.
Allah Ta’ala Knows Best Mufti Ismaeel Bassa themufti.com


Smoothies are a great method to cut down on your overall calorie consumption, which is important for those who are attempting to lose weight. Smoothies are very simple and quick to create because they do not require many ingredients. Smoothies are high in fibre, antioxidants, proteins, minerals, and vitamins while being low in fat. As a result, smoothies can help you lose weight more effectively. The Smoothie Diet is a cutting-edge computer tool that helps users reduce their fat and sugar intake. The program teaches people how to substitute natural, high-quality smoothies for solid foods. This method claims to help customers lose weight in less than three weeks. Mr. Drew, the Smoothie Diet’s originator, is a well-known nutritionist and health counselor.
The Smoothie Diet includes a wealth of information to assist you in your weight reduction efforts. It includes smoothie recipes, shopping lists, meal planning, a detox guide, and a step-by-step guidance on how to apply all of the material.
Excess belly fat has been linked to a number of life-threatening conditions, including diabetes, fatty liver disease, and lung disease, according to research. As a result, shedding weight and fat is essential for maintaining a fit and healthy physique. Many studies have indicated that eating the appropriate foods is far more effective than exercising for weight reduction.
Several research have backed up the advantages of eating veggies and fruits. Fruit smoothies provide you greater energy and satiety, while green smoothies boost your immune system. As a result, the World Health Organization recommends eating at least five servings of vegetables and fruits every day. Furthermore, research has demonstrated the importance of vegetables and fruits in weight loss. Because it employs a science-based approach to weight loss, the Smoothie Diet is extremely successful.
The Smoothie Diet is an entirely digital method, thus there are no physical components to ship or provide to consumers. That means that after completing your purchase, you will have immediate access to all of the tools contained in this system. Users may start adopting this diet into their routine right away because all they have to do is download the information to their smartphone.
This service also has a return policy, which allows dissatisfied customers to receive their money back. If you don’t achieve your targeted weight reduction results with the Smoothie Diet during the first 60 days, you can request a complete refund. It is not available on Amazon, eBay, Chemist Warehouse, Dischem, Walmart, etc. It is also not sold offline because the company wants you to get it instantly on your on going device i.e mobile or laptops or tablets.
The Smoothie Diet is one of the rapid weight loss program available in the USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand(NZ), South Africa, Ireland, Sweden(Sverige), UAE, Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Norway(Norge), Switzerland(Schweiz), India, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Netherlands, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Mexico, Brazil, Hungary, Kuwait, etc.
The Smoothie Diet was created with the goal of achieving dramatic weight loss in just three weeks. To remove toxins and prepare your body, the treatment begins with a three-day detox period. After you’ve completed the detox phase, you may begin the three-week regimen, which involves replacing two meals per day with natural and fresh smoothies.
Any meal you have throughout this diet should be minimal in calories, according to the program. Nonetheless, there is one cheat period every week during which you may relax and enjoy a little. A comprehensive list of meals has been supplied, all of which are simple to prepare. When you feel like you’ve gained some weight, you can begin the Smoothie Diet.
Smoothies made with vegetables and fruits are featured in this regimen. They’ve been precisely prepared to provide you with an abundance of beneficial vitamins, proteins, and minerals. The guide will also assist you in deciding which substantial meal to have in addition to the smoothies. There are also many of tasty high-fiber, low-sugar snacks and desserts to choose from.
The Smoothie Diet addresses lifestyle and nutritional difficulties caused by long-term consumption of junk foods and other unhealthy meals. This diet will dramatically reduce your calorie consumption, allowing you to lose weight. Furthermore, this program will encourage healthy adjustments and behaviours in your entire lifestyle, so assisting you in avoiding illnesses such as obesity, heart problems, and diabetes.
Due to the reduction of fat and calorie consumption, the diet results in substantial modifications by slimming down your body. However, to enhance metabolism and minimize muscle loss, you must also take excellent fats and lean protein while on this smoothie diet.
There is enough evidence to support the weight-loss benefits of fresh fruits and vegetables. The smoothies in this regimen are especially ideal for people who lead hectic lives and frequently eat unhealthy foods or miss meals. Before you start your day, these smoothies can provide you with the proteins, minerals, vitamins, and other critical nutrients you require. They help you lose weight by making you feel fuller for longer.
If you want to lose weight, you should obtain The Smoothie Diet right away. However, certain people should avoid this meal plan, particularly those who have food allergies. In such instances, it is essential to obtain advice from your doctor before proceeding on this diet.
The Smoothie Diet is only accessible on its official website for now, and not at any other retailer. Because the platform is tied to Click Bank, users have access to a secure payment method. The full package was previously offered for $47, but the diet’s designer eventually imposed a $10 reduction. This implies that the Smoothie Diet may be purchased for just $37. You will get access to this digital product after you have completed your purchase. Because no physical copies are being sent, you may get started using this powerful tool right away.
Changing to a healthier diet is an excellent weight-loss strategy that many individuals are increasingly employing. However, the vast array of diet program and tools available might make it seem hard to begin your weight-loss journey since you are unsure which one is the most effective, appropriate, and long-term. Some diets aim to lower your overall food intake, while others limit your intake of certain calorie types such as fat or carbohydrates.
By providing a straightforward and user-friendly approach,
The Smoothie Diet has eased the weight reduction process for all consumers. The complete procedure takes less than a month and includes a detoxification step to assist you rid your body of impurities. This program might also assist you in implementing healthy eating habits into your lifestyle. Many customers have praised the program, claiming that the smoothies were not only delicious but also helped them lose a significant amount of weight. However, if this product does not provide you with the desired results, you may request a full refund.


Our students began their three-year journey by becoming aware, understanding, and acquiring key knowledge and expertise about Architecture.
Though the discipline's 'product' is deeply entangled with both 'big' issues and everyday lives, it’s engaged with various interconnected ecologies, including those of the environment, culture, economy, politics, and aesthetic.
For their final year, our students have produced inventive and well-informed design speculations and proposals. They’ve also integrated technology and professional practice (with some choosing to incorporate humanities in their dissertations), and through studio projects, they’ve developed their understanding of architecture as situated ecologies of multiple ‘actors’.


$351.2 Billion
Total annual cost of CVD in 2014-2015
40
How often in seconds an MI happens in America
18.2 Million
Number of Americans age 20 and older that have CAD
36
How often in seconds a death from CVD happens in America
Source: AHA 2019 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics and Centers for Disease Control
Despite the advances in CVD treatments...
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death, not only in the US, but globally. As highlighted above, the numbers are staggering, and CVD remains a significant burden economically, irrespective of country or region.
While there have been medical achievements in greatly improving diagnosis and treatment of CVD, there's still a great divide to cross in order to make an impact in slowing disease progression. Clinical practice guidelines incorporate evidence-based science and medicine in the management of CVD but adherence by the medical community is well below expectations, which is one critical element in the deployment of timely care.
As healthcare systems wrestle with the challenges of CVD, it is clear that more must be achieved for those afflicted, and just as importantly, for the apparently healthy.
Treatment and Non-Adherence
Statins are effective and proven to lower LDL-C, and as result, decrease the risk of developing disease. However, according to a recent literature review, adherence to statin treatment is abysmal, with 59.1% of patients not taking or consistently not complying with the treatment. Moreover, in those patients who have had a myocardial infarct, only 44% remained on statin therapy after 6-12 months.
Further complicating the situation, clinicians are not consistent in the deployment of care, even when it is evidence-based. Clinical practice guidelines highlight that statin is a class I recommendation for individuals with ASCVD. Yet, according to a cross-sectional study in JAHA, Bradley, et al, revealed in the PALM study that 26.5% were not on treatment. Of those not on statins, nearly 60% of patients were never offered statins. However, most alarming was that of those who had ASCVD -- 30% were never offered statin therapy.
This gap in management is concerning and is a clear indication that there are numerous areas that require immediate attention in order improve outcomes.
However, most alarming were those that had ASCVD, 30% were never offered statin therapy.
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Background: Concerns exist regarding the perceived risks of conducting suicide-focused research among an acutely distressed population. Aims: The current study assessed changes in participant distress before and after participation in a suicide-focused research study conducted on a psychiatric inpatient unit. Method: Participants included 37 veterans who were receiving treatment on a psychiatric inpatient unit and completed a survey-based research study focused on suicide-related behaviors and experiences. Results: Participants reported no significant changes in self-reported distress. The majority of participants reported unchanged or decreased distress. Reviews of electronic medical records revealed no behavioral dysregulation and minimal use of as-needed medications or changes in mood following participation. Limitations: The study’s small sample size and veteran population may limit generalizability. Conclusion: Findings add to research conducted across a variety of settings (i.e., outpatient, online, laboratory), indicating that participating in suicide-focused research is not significantly associated with increased distress or suicide risk.


(10 June 2022, 11:48 +07) IATA's global air cargo data for April 2022 shows a drop in demand and contraction in capacity.
Global demand, measured in cargo tonne-kilometers (CTKs), fell 11.2% compared to April 2021 (-10.6% for international operations). Global demand is down 1% compared to April 2019.
Capacity was 2% below 2021 (+1.2% for international operations). Both global capacity and international capacity decreased slightly in April compared to March. Asia experienced the largest falls in capacity.
Key factors in the operating environment should be noted:
- The war in Ukraine led to a fall in cargo capacity used to serve Europe as several airlines based in Russia and Ukraine were key cargo players. And the zero-COVID policy in China led to capacity challenges due to flight cancellations because of labor shortages.
CargoLogicAir B747-400ERF reg: G-CLBA. Picture by Steven Howard of TravelNewsAsia.com
- New export orders, a leading indicator of cargo demand and world trade are now shrinking in all markets except the US. Global goods trade has continued to decline in 2022, with China�s economy growing more slowly because of COVID19 related lockdowns (among other factors). The lockdowns have brought much of the world�s largest port, Shanghai, to a standstill. Supply chain disruptions due to the Ukraine-Russia conflict are also adding to the downward pressure on trade.
�Air cargo demand fell by 11.2% in April and capacity contracted 2% compared to April 2021. The combination of the war in Ukraine and COVID-19 lockdowns in China have pushed up energy costs, intensified supply chain disruptions, and fed inflation. The operating environment is challenging for all businesses, including air cargo. But with China easing lockdown restrictions, there is cause for some optimism and the supply/demand imbalance is keeping yields high,� said Willie Walsh, IATA�s Director General.
Asia-Pacific airlines saw their air cargo volumes decrease by 15.8% in April 2022 compared to the same month in 2021. This was the weakest performance of all regions and significantly slower than the previous month (-5.1%). Airlines in the region have been heavily impacted by lower trade and manufacturing activity due to Omicron-related lockdowns in China. Because of this, available capacity in the region fell 19.4% compared to April 2021, the largest drop of all regions.
North American carriers posted a 6.6% decrease in cargo volumes in April 2022 compared to April 2021. Demand in the Asia-North America market declined significantly, however, other key routes such as Europe � North America remain strong. Capacity was up 5.2% compared to April 2021. Several carriers in the region are set to receive delivery of freighters in 2022, which should help address pent-up demand on routes where it is needed.
European carriers saw a 14.4% decrease in cargo volumes in April 2022 compared to the same month in 2021. The Within Europe market fell significantly, down 24.6% month on month. This is attributable to the war in Ukraine. Labor shortages and lower manufacturing activity in Asia due to Omicron also affected volumes. Capacity fell 0.2% in April 2022 compared to April 2021.
Middle Eastern carriers experienced a 11.9% year-on-year decrease in cargo volumes in April. Significant benefits from traffic being redirected to avoid flying over Russia failed to materialize. This is likely due to persisting supply chain issues in Asia. Capacity was up 6% compared to April 2021.
Latin American carriers reported an increase of 40.9% in cargo volumes in April 2022 compared to the 2021 period. This was the strongest performance of all regions. Airlines in this region have shown optimism by introducing new services and capacity, and in some cases investing in additional aircraft for air cargo in the coming months. Capacity in April was up 67.8% compared to the same month in 2021.
African airlines saw cargo volumes decrease by 6.3% in April 2022 compared to April 2021. This was significantly slower than the growth recorded the previous month (3.1%). Capacity was 1.5% below April 2021 levels.
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