Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that anionic liposomes efficiently introduce foreign DNA into postmitotic neurons and other cell types (Lakkaraju, A., Dubinsky, J. M., Low, W. C., and Rahman, Y.-E. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 32000-32007). To investigate the mechanism of liposome uptake, we followed the internalization of anionic liposome-encapsulated Cy3-1a-beled oligonucleotides (AL-Cy3ONs) by hippocampal neurons using confocal microscopy. Uptake of AL-Cy3ONs was widespread and time- and temperature-dependent, indicative of receptor-mediated endocytosis. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) was crucial for anionic liposome endocytosis because the receptor-associated protein or an anti-LRP antibody inhibited internalization, and fibroblasts lacking LRP did not internalize AL-Cy3ONs. Using selective endocytosis inhibitors, we found that liposome endocytosis and intracellular transport required clathrin, dynamin, an intact cytoskeletal network, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. Cy3ONs did not significantly colocalize with recycling endosomal/lysosomal markers and entered neuronal nuclei within 1-3 h of incubation. Approximately 50% of the internalized liposomal phospholipids were recycled back to the cell surface, in keeping with the fluidity of their acyl chains. Liposome endocytosis did not require heparan sulfate proteoglycans or cause calcium influx into neurons. Thus, constitutive endocytosis of anionic liposomes by LRP utilizes only one component, in contrast to the more involved heparan sulfate proteoglycan-LRP pathway implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.


Phobias Definition
The term
phobia is derived from the Greek language elements phobos (irrational fear, terror, panic) and phobien ("to put to flight"). Types of Phobias Simple Phobias / Specific Phobias
Simple phobias are irrational, ongoing fears coupled with compelling desires to avoid certain situations or things. Because these fears are connected a particular object or circumstance, they are also known as specific phobias. Many common phobias fit into this category:
Fears around transportation, like the fear of flying or traveling across bridges Animal phobias, such as the fear of snakes Medical fears, i.e. white coat syndrome, the fear of doctors or fear of needles Other specific phobias like the fear of clowns Social Phobias
Per the name, these phobias are connected to social situations. In some cases, a fear of impending danger is at the heart of the fear, such as fearing being in a crowd. In other cases, a person may fear being watched or judged, as in the common fear of public speaking.
Obsessive Phobias
These phobias are marked by fears not rational given the situation, are unexplainable by the affected individual and beyond voluntary control. These phobias often coincide with correlated obsessive compulsive disorders.
Phobia Causes and Treatment
In most cases, the person experiencing a phobia has had some measure of a negative experience with the event or thing serving as the object of the fear.
This experience could have happened recently or earlier in childhood.
Often, the media and popular culture will reinforce phobias. The fears of snakes, flying and public speaking are examples of common phobias that have been depicted on TV, in movies and in the news.
Treatment often begins with identifying the root cause of phobias. Adapting a more realistic mindset of the fear, along with systematic desensitization are also common treatment strategies. Professional help in the form of therapy is also a time-honored treatment modality.


Abstract
Arginine deprivation is a promising strategy for treating ASS-negative malignant tumors including melanoma. However, autophagy can potentially counteract the effectiveness of this treatment by acting as a pro-survival pathway. By combining tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) with arginine deprivation using ADI-PEG20 (pegylated arginine deiminase), we achieved enhanced apoptosis and accelerated cell death in melanoma cell lines. This implies a switch from autophagy to apoptosis. In our current investigation, we found that TRAIL could induce the cleavage of two key autophagic proteins, Beclin-1 and Atg5, in the combination treatment. Using specific inhibitors for individual caspases, we found that caspase-8 inhibitor could completely abolish the cleavage. Furthermore, caspase-8 inhibitor was able to fully reverse the enhanced cytotoxicity induced by TRAIL. Inhibitors for caspase-3, 6, 9, and 10 were able to block the cleavage of these two autophagic proteins to some extent and correspondingly rescue cells from the cytotoxicity of the combination of TRAIL and arginine deprivation. In contrast, calpain inhibitor could not prevent the cleavage of either Beclin-1 or Atg5, and was unable to prevent cell death. Overall, our data indicate that the cleavage of Beclin-1 and Atg5 by TRAIL-initiated caspase activation is one of the mechanisms that lead to the enhancement of the cytotoxicity in the combination treatment.
Keywords ADI-PEG20 Atg5 Autophagy Beclin-1 Caspase TRAIL ASJC Scopus subject areas Clinical Biochemistry Molecular Biology Cell Biology


Teeth that are severely compromised or decayed can be saved via endodontic therapy, or what is commonly known as root canals. Root canal therapy removes diseased or infected dental pulp from the inside part of a tooth. Endodontic treatment aims to restore a tooth’s function and save a damaged or decayed tooth from extraction.
If you’re interested in root canal treatment in Newton, MA, please contact Newton Wellesley Dental Partners. Our dentist in Newton, MA, is highly skilled and well-versed in painless root canal procedures.
Certain signs are indicative of the need for a root canal procedure. These include:
We advise our valued patients to book regular dental exams and cleanings with our dentist to prevent common dental problems. The sooner you catch a dental issue, the more conservative the prescribed treatment. Severe tooth damage often develops over a lengthy period, and you can take steps to prevent dental challenges from escalating.
There are two types of root canals—non-surgical and surgical root canals. Non-surgical root canals are the most common type. During a non-surgical root canal, the dentist performs a procedure that is similar to a deep filling. To achieve this, the dentist accesses your root canals using dental files. The dentist removes all diseased pulp and then disinfects the root canals using sodium hypochlorite. This solution eliminates all microbes from the root canals. Finally, the dentist seals the canals using gutta-percha material. In instances where the tooth structure is severely compromised, the dentist may recommend dental crowns to restore the tooth’s function and appearance.
A surgical root canal in Newton, MA, is reserved for cases where non-surgical endodontic therapy is insufficient. Surgical root canals may be recommended as first-line treatments or as part of endodontic retreatment, depending on the individual’s circumstances. Endodontic retreatment refers to the additional procedures a patient undergoes after an initial root canal treatment and fails to get relief.
Apicoectomy, or root-end resection, is a type of surgical root canal treatment. An apicoectomy involves the removal of the root ends of a tooth. There are other endodontic surgery types, and our dentist will discuss them with you if necessary.
Are you looking for a trusted dental practice that offers root canals near you? Reach out to Newton Wellesley Dental Partners today to schedule a visit with our dentist in Newton, MA.


A rapid method has been developed to determine enterococci using immunomagnetic separation and bioluminescence. Small paramagnetic beads are coated with antibodies having a specific affinity to enterococci. The captured enterococci are quantified by bioluminescence. The entire procedure takes 30 minutes without a pre-enrichment step. After developing the method, field tests were performed in California. Eight beach samples were provided for determining enterococci using the rapid method. At the same time, the same samples were tested with traditional methods performed by 26 local laboratories. The results show a significant agreement between the two methods. In six out of the eight locations, the predictions based upon the rapid method agreed well with the average values by the traditional methods in determining the quality of swimmable water. Among these, the four predictions were very close to the average colony count. The results also showed the sensitivity of the rapid method (<104 CFUs/100 ml).


Yes, you heard it right. This common household material can revolutionize data storage and computing. Want to know about it further? Follow the details that we have mentioned in the paragraphs below.
A very non-toxic and easy-to-obtain material found in the household paint might be beneficial for one of the most significant machine learning issues.
The latest scientific journal that got published recently by one of the teams working at Sandia National Laboratories, in collaboration with researchers from the University of Michigan, stated that the material – titanium oxide, which we can often be seen in varnishes and paints, can effectively improve the energy efficiency which would, in turn, increase the performance of computer chips.
If the computer chip will get coated with titanium oxide and then gets heated to more than 150 degrees Celsius, there are significant chances that some of the oxygen molecules will get removed, which will result in the creation of oxygen vacancies. This entire process will make the material a lot more electrically conductive, which will let it store a more significant amount of information.
This discovery is crucial, as it will undoubtedly change the way computers store and process data. This, in turn, will result in saving a significant amount of energy.
All the information gets stored in one place before computers transfer it to another location for processing in the current scenario. This constant transfer process develops a significant amount of strain on the systems in processing power and energy usage. If this unnecessary power loss can be minimized, the oxygen vacancies will handle a more significant memory that requires intensive energy.
The lead author of the journal, Yiyang Li, described that they have tried to organize the storage and processing at the same place. However, that might now be new; they succeeded in doing it in a repeatable and predictable manner. In a general aspect, too, it takes a significant amount of energy to do machine learning. This is because you move it back and forth. One of the significant barriers while machine learning is power consumption.
Final Verdict
This latest discovery related to titanium oxide might effectively help in image processing, voice recognition, and autonomous vehicles. However, these are only early-day predictions. A lot of research is yet to be done on this subject to scale it up before there’s an employment of the oxygen vacancies in the consumer or business technology.


We have a full time, Fume Hood Certification Specialists available to evaluate and certify your fume hoods. It is recommended that all fume hoods have a minimum annual certification performed to insure proper function.
A service call by our Fume Hood Specialist includes the following: Identify the fume hood airflow requirements and ensures they operate in conjunction with the building HVAC system. When purchasing a new fume hood, will help ensure you have the right hood for your application. Verifies proper installation of your fume hood. Ensures proper fume containment, airflow and exhaust discharge. Provides you with "ASHRAE 110-1995-All Test" results and certifies hoods in compliance with established test criteria. Chemical Fume Hood Test Methodologies. ASHRAE 110 - 1995:Method for Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods - this approach is the one quantitative measure of hood performance. This test is mandated by ANSI Z9.5 for all new hood installations. Recommendation: Mandated for every new hood. Recommended for every hood to gain a complete understanding of the hoods performance. LTMW 1105 SOP:This approach is comprehensive and provides a qualitative review of all factors that may impact hood performance. All procedures outlined in OSHA 1910.1450 as it relates to chemical fume hood testing, ANSI Z9.5 and ASHRAE 110 - 1995 (excepting tracer gas testing) are followed. A comprehensive report detailing hood performance vs. target performance, concerns and recommendations, original field checklists and equipment calibration certificates are provided. Recommendation: We recommend this method for annual chemical fume hood certification and preventative maintenance. FVS - Face Velocity and Smoke Testing:This is a simple test following the methods of the ASHRAE 110 - 1995 Method and ANSI Z9.5 - 1992 Version. Face Velocity is recorded with real time data logging - the original data tape is included with the report. Large volume smoke challenge and low volume smoke tests are conducted and the results recorded in the report. Recommendation: Semi-annual or quarterly checks between LTWM 1105 SOP annual certification.


I employ an Evidence-Based Creative Teaching EBCT approach, which is fully documented in my recent book, Creative Teachers: Self-directed Learners (Springer, 2020).
EBCT has its roots in a synthesis of current research from the behavioural, cognitive and neurosciences, the pioneering research on the effectiveness of different instructional methods and strategies by John Hattie (2008, 2012), and the application of this work by Geoff Petty (2006; 2018), who established Evidence-Based Teaching in the global educational literature.
I evolved and developed EBCT from over a decade of extensive research and application in designing and facilitating instruction, validated its effectiveness across most educational and vocational sectors, in several countries, and with over 15,000 teaching/training professionals in a range of cultural contexts.
To meet the needs of teaching/training professionals in this rapidly changing educational landscape, I am providing a fully online EBCT approach to key areas of professional development in teaching/training. This approach includes, pre-recorded and live webinars, self-contained interactive online workshops, and synchronous tutorials using Zoom. The learning mediums are customised to context and can be further enhanced through personalized coaching when required/needed.


In Indiana, the age of sexual consent is 16. However, this number is nearly arbitrary, as the law permits individuals aged 14 and 15 to consent to sex with anyone younger than 18. Thus, despite the age of majority, a 15-year-old and 17-year-old could legally have sex in Indiana, but if the older person were 18, it would be a crime.
Sort of. Indiana takes a few notable deviations from standard age of consent laws.
Marriage: Under Indiana law, it is a defense if the minor is married. The minimum age for marriage in Indiana is 15, and therefore there is an exception carved out to facilitate that.
Close-in-age: Technically, this "close-in-age" provision is a defense instead of an exception, but it allows a 4 year gap in age if the two are in an ongoing personal relationship. Thus, ostensibly, a an 18-year-old could avoid prosecution for having sex with a 14-year-old, provided the two were in an ongoing romantic relationship as defined by Indiana law.
Mistake of fact: Indiana is one of the few states that provides for a mistake of fact in their statutory rape laws. Thus, if someone has a reasonable, good-faith belief the individual they are having sex with is 16 or older, they can avoid criminal liability.
If you believe you have violated Indiana’s age of consent laws, you should contact an attorney immediately. A criminal defense lawyer can help you understand the law, what your options are, and represent you if the state decides to press charges.


In 2018 the Turkish Personal Data Protection Board
("
Board") launched the online
registration platform called VERBIS for Data
Controllers 1.
Accordingly, the Data Controllers are now required to register
to with VERBIS system
before 30 September 2019.
Unless there is an exemption, registration is made via a personal
data inventory prepared as per the guidelines of the Board.
The data inventory ("
Data Inventory")
should include the type and category of the personal data collected
and retained, the purpose, duration, method of the processing
activity and other information deemed necessary by the Board.
Preparation of the Data Inventory could be a time consuming process and may require a couple of months to complete therefore both local and foreign corporations should already be taking action to ensure compliance.
The Board held the following categories of Data Controllers exempt from registration to VERBIS:
- Data Controllers who have less than 50 employees
and annual balance sheet below TRY 25 million,
provided that such Data Controller's main activity is not the
processing of special category personal data;
- Data Controllers who only process data manually, and which processing is not part of any data registration system;
- Public notaries;
- Associations ("
Dernekler"), Foundations
(" Vakıflar") and Unions
(" Sendikalar").
- Political parties;
- Registered Lawyers;
- Certified public accountants and independent accountant and financial advisors;
- Customs brokers;
- Mediators;
Even the foregoing entities exempt from registration in VERBIS are still required to comply with the requirements of the Code. We anticipate that even those currently exempted may be required to register in the future therefore a robust compliant data processing policy is recommended.
It should be noted that foreign entities even without an
establishment in Turkey or permanent residence, which process data
of local residents in Turkey
are not exempt from
registration and so they will be required to register
before they start processing data. Processing without being
registered could give rise to a potential fine. Sanctions for Failure to Register within the Deadline
Under the Data Protection Law
("
Law"), Data Controllers who fail to
fulfill the obligation of registration by the deadline of 30
September 2019 are subject to penalties between TRY 20,000 and TRY
1,000,000.
In this context it is strongly recommended that all corporate entities in Turkey both foreign and local, take the necessary action to prepare for registration before the Deadline if they collect personal data from Turkey.
If you have any questions of require any further assistance with the foregoing we will be happy to help.
Footnote
1 "
Data Controllers" being
real persons and legal entities that collect and retain personal
data from Turkish residents. The content of this article is intended to provide a general
guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought
about your specific circumstances.


Distinct metabolic pathways mediate regulatory T cell differentiation and function. Hashimoto H., McCallion O., Kempkes RWM., Hester J., Issa F.
Investigation of the cellular metabolic pathways of immune cells, or immunometabolism, is a field of increasing interest. An understanding of immunometabolism provides routes to modifying T cell function for therapeutic purposes. Here, we review immunometabolism with a specific focus on regulatory T cells (Tregs). While T cells are known to switch their metabolic profile from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis upon activation, in vitro-induced Tregs display alternate metabolic characteristics which may be related to their specialised suppressive function. Recent data suggest that the preferential pathways employed by Tregs differ in vivo and ex vivo. Metabolic 'harshness', particularly the deterioration of glycolysis, positively affects Treg differentiation and function, while negatively correlating with Treg clonal expansion and migratory capacity. These context-dependent findings provide new insights into the behaviour of Tregs with implications for both tumour immunology and autoimmunity. This review examines the field in detail, offering an overview of our current understanding of Treg immunometabolism.


【标题】儿童和Minecraft：一项关于儿童数字游戏的调查
【摘要】诸如Minecraft的数字游戏已经占据了很多儿童媒介食谱中的显著位置。然而，人们对于关于谁在玩、和谁玩、如何玩的了解却不明晰。本文对753名3～12岁儿童家长进行了有关儿童参与Minecraft的定量调查。我们的结果证实，Minecraft是占据该年龄段主导地位的数字游戏，尤其是在平板设备上。我们提供了一个明显的、关于儿童玩Minecraft和参与元游戏材料的早期性别化的证据。这项研究特别推动了旨在确保儿童在数字游戏相关文化空间中性别平等的努力。它还强调了收集游戏特有的描述性信息的重要性，而不是将研究局限于对“屏幕时间”的总体测量。
Abstract
Digital games such as Minecraft currently hold a position of significance in the media diets of many children. However, little is known explicitly about just who plays, with whom and how. This article presents the quantitative results of a survey of 753 parents of children aged 3–12 years about their child’s engagement with Minecraft. Our results establish Minecraft as the dominant digital game title played by this age group, particularly on tablet devices. We provide evidence of a marked early gendering of children’s Minecraft play and engagement with meta-game material. This research gives particular impetus to efforts aimed at ensuring gender equity in digital game–related cultural spaces inhabited by children. It also highlights the importance of collecting game-specific descriptive information, rather than limiting studies to aggregate measures of ‘screen time’.
【引用信息】
Children and Minecraft: A survey of children’s digital play
Jane Mavoa, Marcus Carter, and Martin Gibbs
New Media & Society
Vol 20, Issue 9, pp. 3283 – 3303 First Published December 19, 2017
https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817745320


The Fasting Blood Glucose test, which is also called Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test, is a blood test that measures blood sugar levels. If you have elevated levels, it shows that your body cannot properly handle sugar, which can be a sign of diabetes and insulin resistance. For this test, you will be required to fast (not eat or drink) for 8 to 12 hours beforehand, following the guidance you got from your healthcare provider. A blood sample will be taken and sent to the lab, where the glucose levels are analyzed. A fasting glucose level of less than 100mg/dL is considered normal, a measurement between 110 – 125 mg/dL is a sign for impaired fasting glucose (for example because of pre-diabetes), and a value greater than 126 mg/dL in two or more sample is considered a sign of diabetes. Follow the instructions of your healthcare provider before, during and after the test.
Sources: Mayo Clinic. Diabetes. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371451 (accessed 3. August 2020) Cleveland Clinic. Blood Sugar Tests. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/16790-blood-sugar-tests (accessed 3. August 2020) WebMD. Diabetes Testing. https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/diagnosing-type-2-diabetes (accessed 3. August 2020)


Internal auditors are tasked with bringing objectivity to the assurance functions they perform within an enterprise. They are also increasingly called upon to provide a wide range of advisory services, stretching from managing risk to enhancing company performance. In a recent conversation with
The CPA Journal, Mark Martinelli, chief audit executive for Synchrony, discussed the issues currently facing internal auditors. He describes how the internal audit function has changed over time and how the bar has been raised. Martinelli also characterizes internal auditing as a unique opportunity for CPAs and a field that features strong competition for talented individuals.


Pfizer announced new, longer-term data from the Intergroup Exemestane Study (IES) showing that women who switched to Aromasin (exemestane tablets) after taking tamoxifen for 2-3 years experienced a significant reduction in the risk of disease-free survival (DFS) events compared to women who continued on tamoxifen for a full five years of treatment. This study was a randomized, double-blind, multinational trial of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer evaluating the clinical benefits of switching 2,352 patients to Aromasin after 2-3 years of tamoxifen versus continuing 2,372 patients on tamoxifen for a full 5 years of therapy. The primary endpoint of the study was DFS in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. In postmenopausal women with early breast cancer at a median follow-up of 91 months, switching to AROMASIN after two to three years of tamoxifen, for a total of five years of treatment, was shown to result in a 16% reduction in the risk of DFS events, defined as local or distant recurrence of breast cancer, contralateral breast cancer, or death from any cause, compared to staying on tamoxifen for five years (HR=0.84; 95% CI: 0.75-0.94; P=0.002) in the ITT population. For the secondary endpoint of overall survival in the ITT population, there was an 11% relative risk reduction of death. There was a statistically significant 14% reduction in the risk of death noted in the ER+/unknown population (HR=0.86: 95% CI: 0.75-0.99 P=0.04).
Aromasin is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with estrogen-receptor positive early breast cancer who have received 2-3 years of tamoxifen and are switched to Aromasin for completion of a total of five consecutive years of adjuvant hormonal therapy. Aromasin is also indicated for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women whose disease has progressed following tamoxifen therapy.
For more information call (800) 438-1985 or visit www.pfizer.com.


Beyond Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic: The Role of Teachers and Schools in Reporting Child Maltreatment
Nearly 4 in 10 children report experiencing maltreatment by adulthood. Early detection mitigates maltreatment’s negative effects. Yet factors that drive early detection remain understudied. We examine one possible source of early detection: educators in school settings. Administrative data on reports of child maltreatment across the U.S. over a 14-year period allows us to use two different regression discontinuity methods, one based on school-entry laws and one on school calendars. Both methods show education professionals are reporting cases that would have been missed otherwise. These findings suggest that improved training and support of educators may improve society's ability to help children and families.
Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau or the National Bureau of Economic Research. We appreciate the helpful comments from seminar participants at the NBER Summer Institute Children’s Program Meeting, New York University’s Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and Steinhardt School, Columbia University, the University of Virginia’s Batten School of Public Policy and Curry School of Education. We thank Carina Chien and Martha Johnson for excellent research assistance. Data used in this article are a version of the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS, HHS ACF Children’s Bureau 2015) Child File, which was shared with us as part of a unique pilot secure micro-data program. All errors and omissions are our own.


Millions of U.S. adults have high blood pressure, yet most do not have it under control. Research cited by the American Heart Association notes that remote cardiac monitoring can greatly reduce patient blood pressure compared to typical care and self-monitoring alone. The PY-802-LTE Blood Pressure Monitor makes remote blood pressure monitoring easy for patients, care providers and developers. Features include:


(Washington, D.C., March 19, 2020) – U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue today announced a partnership between the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) to help facilitate the identification of foreign and domestic workers that may be available and eligible to transfer to other U.S. agricultural sector employers to fulfill critical workforce needs within the U.S. under existing regulatory authority during the COVID-19 pandemic.
“Ensuring minimal disruption for our agricultural workforce during these uncertain times is a top priority for this administration,” Secretary Perdue said. “President Trump knows that these workers are critical to maintaining our food supply and our farmers and ranchers are counting on their ability to work. We will continue to work to make sure our supply chain is impacted as minimally as possible.”
“American farmers and ranchers are at the frontlines of maintaining the nation’s food supply,” Secretary Scalia said. “In these unprecedented times, it is critical for them to have the workforce they need. This new partnership between USDA and DOL will help support our farmers, ranchers, and American families.”
Background:
USDA and DOL have identified nearly 20,000 H-2A and H-2Bcertified positions that have expiring contracts in the coming weeks. Therewill be workers leaving these positions who
could be available totransfer to a different employer’s labor certification. The data,available on www.farmers.gov/manage/h2a,includes the number of certified worker positions, the current employer nameand contact, attorney/agent name and contact, and the worksiteaddress. This information will be a resource to H-2A employers whoseworkforce has been delayed because of travel restrictions or visa processinglimitations. Employers should be aware that all statutory and regulatoryrequirements continue to apply. Employers are encouraged to monitor www.travel.state.govfor the latest information and should monitor the relevant Embassy/Consularwebsites for specific operational information.


Isolated spinning neutron stars, asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis, are expected to be sources of continuous gravitational waves. The most sensitive searches for these sources are based on accurate matched filtering techniques that assume the continuous wave to be phase locked with the pulsar beamed emission. While matched filtering maximizes the search sensitivity, a significant signal-to-noise ratio loss will happen in the case of a mismatch between the assumed and the true signal phase evolution. Narrow-band algorithms allow for a small mismatch in the frequency and spin-down values of the pulsar while coherently integrating the entire dataset. In this paper, we describe a narrow-band search using LIGO O2 data for the continuous wave emission of 33 pulsars. No evidence of a continuous wave signal is found, and upper limits on the gravitational wave amplitude over the analyzed frequency and spin-down ranges are computed for each of the targets. In this search, we surpass the spin-down limit, namely, the maximum rotational energy loss due to gravitational waves emission for some of the pulsars already present in the LIGO O1 narrow-band search, such as J1400−6325, J1813−1246, J1833−1034, J1952+3252, and for new targets such as J0940−5428 and J1747−2809. For J1400−6325, J1833−1034, and J1747−2809, this is the first time the spin-down limit is surpassed.


Chicago, IL 60601
FREE CONSULTATIONS 312-945-1300 Birth Injuries From Prolonged Labor Addressing Complications from Stalled or Arrested Labor - Illinois Medical Negligence Attorney
Labor and delivery is a commonplace procedure that happens every day, but complications may occur during birth that present risks to the health of the child or the mother. Prolonged labor is one issue that could result in birth injuries, and in these cases, medical personnel need to act to ensure that a child is delivered safely.
What Is Prolonged Labor?
When a mother enters the active stage of labor, doctors or nurses will monitor a variety of factors to ensure that labor is progressing at the expected rate. These factors include the dilation and thinning of the cervix, the position of the child in the mother's pelvis, and the length and frequency of contractions. Labor may be considered prolonged if it lasts longer than 20 hours (or just 14 hours for second or third pregnancies) or if the cervix does not dilate at the expected rate for four hours.
Causes of Prolonged Labor
Labor may become slowed or arrested for a variety of reasons, including:
Cephalopelvic disproportion - The child's head may be too large to move through the birth canal. Malpresentation - Children are typically delivered head-first. If the child is in the breech position or is not facing toward the mother's back, this may lead to slowed or arrested labor. Weak contractions - If contractions are not strong enough, they may not cause the cervix to dilate at the proper rate. Pain medications administered to the mother may result in slowed or weakened contractions. Risks of Prolonged Labor
When labor lasts too long, this can lead to health issues that affect both the child and the mother, including:
Asphyxia - Prolonged labor can result in issues that affect the placenta or umbilical cord, such as placental abruption, and this may result in an interruption of the flow of blood and oxygen to the child. A child may also experience asphyxia if he or she becomes lodged in the birth canal. Oxygen deprivation can lead to brain injuries, including fetal stroke, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Fetal distress - A lengthy labor may cause a child to experience a low or irregular heart rate or other forms of distress. This may be caused by the intense contractions that can result if drugs such as Pitocin are administered to speed up the labor process, and it can result in complications such as meconium aspiration. Birth trauma - If the child remains in the birth canal for too long, this can put too much pressure on the head and brain, resulting in injuries such as skull fractures. If a child has trouble progressing through the birth canal, a doctor may use forceps or vacuum extractors to aid in the delivery, and improper use of these tools can lead to brain injuries or brachial plexus injuries. Infections - Prolonged labor increases the chances that the child will contract an infection during birth or experience sepsis. Maternal injuries - Lengthy labor increases the risks of maternal infections, vaginal lacerations, and post-partum hemorrhaging. Help With Injuries From Prolonged Labor
A mother and child should be closely monitored by hospital staff throughout labor and delivery, and if labor is not progressing at the proper rate, medical intervention may be needed. In some cases, Cesarean delivery may be necessary in order to reduce the risk of injury to the child or mother.
The effects of injuries that occur due to lengthy labor can be far-reaching, and they may have a long-term impact on the child's development or the mother's health. If you or your child have suffered harm because of prolonged labor, you will want to understand whether medical negligence may have played a part. The Birth Injury Law Alliance can review your case and help you understand the options that are available to you. For a free consultation and case evaluation, contact us at
312-945-1300.


By Josh Loeb
The RCVS is in advanced discussions about adopting a lower standard of proof in disciplinary hearings for vets and registered vet nurses (RVNs).
The move, which would bring the college into line with other professional regulators, could lead to more charges against vets and RVNs being proven.
The college’s council is expected to make a decision about the matter in the near future.
Currently, the RCVS uses the criminal standard of proof, whereby allegations must be proven beyond reasonable doubt.
Since the college is one of the last, if not the last, remaining UK regulators to use this standard, it is open to a legal challenge.
Use of the criminal standard places a relatively high burden on the college when attempting to prove the truth of allegations made against vets. By contrast, ‘on the balance of probabilities’ – the standard used by other regulators and...


Celina’s PhD project will assess the adaptive capacity of kelp forests in a changing climate. Kelp forests are among the most productive ecosystems in the world while providing numerous ecosystem services. Yet, these valuable habitats are declining due to climate change and other anthropogenic influences. As a result, we can see a decrease in kelp performance and eventually an ecosystem collapse leading to a shift from kelp forests to communities dominated by turf algae. However, different kelp populations show varying responses to climatic stress. Identifying these differences will be crucial in predicting possible future scenarios and improving restoration efforts. The aim of this project is therefore to identify thresholds and feedback mechanisms resulting in the loss of kelp forests, and to provide novel solutions to promote kelp forest restoration and resilience.


Analysis and Optimization of Installed Antenna Performance Time: Mon 2020-03-09 13.00 Subject area: Electrical Engineering Doctoral student: Henrik Frid , Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS) Opponent: Professor Hugh Griffiths, University College London Supervisor: B. Lars G. Jonsson, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion Abstract
This Ph.D. thesis consists of six papers, which are labeled with roman numerals. Papers I-III have already been presented in a licentiate thesis published in2017, and this Ph.D. thesis therefore focuses on Papers IV-VI. All six papersare within the scope of microwave and antenna engineering, with applications to radar, electronic warfare (EW), radio astronomy or communications.
The common theme for Papers IV-VI is installed antenna performance (IAP). These papers present three methods for solving three problems related to IAP, by using information available in the installed far-ﬁeld data. In these papers, we address the main challenges within the scope of IAP, i.e. antenna placement, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), estimation of installed system performance (particularly direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation accuracy)and optimization methods to compensate for or minimize installation eﬀects. The presented methods make no simplifying assumptions regarding the antennas or their installation, and instead rely on using the installed far-ﬁeld data, which is obtained through computational electromagnetics. These methods are therefore valid for generic array antennas. The presented methods are useful for antenna placement studies, i.e. as input for the decision on antenna placement on a platform such as an aircraft, ship, satellite or car.
Paper IV considers the problem of antenna placement with respect to EMC. A platform, such as an aircraft, ship, satellite, or car, may have a large number of radio-frequency (RF) systems installed onboard. Since some systems transmit a high RF power, while other systems aim to receive weak RF signals, there is a signiﬁcant risk for unwanted electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to an insuﬃcient isolation between the antennas associated with each RF system. This paper presents a method for estimating the isolation between antennas installed on the same platform, in order to determine therisk for EMI as a function of antenna placement. Finally, a numerical case-study is presented, considering two monopole antennas installed on a small aircraft under line-of-sight conditions. Results are also presented for other installation conﬁgurations, where the antennas are not within line-of-sight.
Paper V considers antenna placement and radome design with respect to DoA estimation accuracy. Firstly, we deﬁne the term "installation error" applied to DoA estimation. A method for determining the DoA estimation accuracy for a speciﬁc installation is thereafter presented. The paper ends with a numerical case-study for an array antenna installed behind a single-shell radome in the tail of a realistic full-scale model of a ﬁghter aircraft.
Paper VI presents a method to compensate for radome eﬀects on radiation patterns for array antennas. A convex optimization approach is used to minimize the side-lobe level, while taking the radome eﬀects and mutual coupling into account. The paper ends with a numerical case-study for amonopulse-array installed behind a single-shell radome.


Islamist groups continue to be significant non-state actors in several Muslim-majority states. However, nations such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, and others have weaponized religious discourse – both to manage Islamists at home and pursue foreign policy objectives abroad. Join us as we assess how variant Islams shape the geopolitics of these countries and vice-versa.
Dr. Peter Mandaville is a Professor of Government and Politics in the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University. He also is a Nonresident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution and Senior Research Fellow at Georgetown University’s Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs. Mandaville previously served as a Senior Advisor in the Office of Religion and Global Affairs at the U.S. State Department and as a member of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s Policy Planning Staff.
Dr. Kamran Bokhari is Director of Analytical Development at the Center for Global Policy. He also is a national security and foreign policy specialist at the University of Ottawa’s Professional Development Institute. Bokhari has served as the Central Asia Studies Course Coordinator at the U.S. Department of State’s Foreign Service Institute.


Perfect Law and Legal Definition
Perfect is subject to different meanings, but in the context of real estate, it refers to the act of making complete or taking all required steps to obtain a result, such as obtaining a lien or other security by legal action or completing and filing all documents to present a case to a court of appeals. It is often used to refer to the filing of a lien with the appropriate entity responsible for land records, such as the county recorder's office. A mechanic's lien for labor and/or materials used to improve real property is "perfected" by filing a lawsuit and obtaining a judgment that the lien attaches to the property.
If a creditor has liens against him/her by more than one person, the person who has perfected their lien will get priority over a lien that is not perfected. State law varies, but the lien created by the statutory framework must be perfected and preserved within the time period set forth in the statutes.


Abstract
A significant number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suffer from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Many previous studies investigating HIV in astrocytes as a heterogenous population have established the relevance of astrocytes to HIV-associated neuropathogenesis. However, these studies were unable to differentiate the state of infection, i.e., active or latent, or to evaluate how this affects astrocyte biology. In this study, the pseudotyped doubly labeled fluorescent reporter red/green (R/G)-HIV-1 was used to identify and enrich restricted and active populations of HIV
+ astrocytes based on the viral promoter activity. Here, we report that the majority of human astrocytes restricted R/G-HIV-1 gene expression early during infection and were resistant to reactivation by vorinostat and interleukin 1β. However, actively infected astrocytes were inducible, leading to increased expression of viral proteins upon reactivation. R/GHIV- 1 infection also significantly decreased the cell proliferation and glutamate clearance ability of astrocytes, which may contribute to excitotoxicity. Moreover, transcriptome analyses to compare gene expression patterns of astrocyte harboring active versus restricted long terminal repeats (LTRs) revealed that the gene expression patterns were similar and that the active population demonstrated more widespread and robust changes. Our data suggest that harboring the HIV genome profoundly alters astrocyte biology and that strategies that keep the virus latent (e.g., block and lock) or those that reactivate the latent virus (e.g., shock and kill) would be detrimental to astrocyte function and possibly augment their contributions to HAND. IMPORTANCE More than 36 million people are living with HIV-1 worldwide, and despite antiretroviral therapy, 30 to 50% of the people living with HIV-1 suffer from mild to moderate neurocognitive disorders. HIV-1 reservoirs in the central nervous system (CNS) are challenging to address due to low penetration of antiretroviral drugs, lack of resident T cells, and permanent integration of provirus into neural cells such as microglia and astrocytes. Several studies have shown astrocyte dysfunction during HIV-1 infection. However, little is known about how HIV-1 latency affects their function. The significance of our research is in identifying that the majority of HIV + astrocytes restrict HIV expression and were resistant to reactivation. Further, simply harboring the HIV genome profoundly altered astrocyte biology, resulting in a proinflammatory phenotype and functional changes. In this context, therapeutic strategies to reactivate or silence astrocyte HIV reservoirs, without excising proviral DNA, will likely lead to detrimental neuropathological outcomes during HIV CNS infection. Keywords Astroglia HIV-1 latency HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) Neuroinflammation RNA sequencing Transcriptomics Viral reservoirs


What is a Sunroom?
A sunroom is a covered area connected to a house that usually has screened openings to allow airflow. They often act as sitting rooms — a peaceful place to enjoy conversation with friends and family or to relish by yourself in a good book. Sometimes, they are constructed using materials that can withstand cold temperatures. They often go by other names, such as solariums or patio rooms.
Kinds of Sunrooms
There are two primary kinds of sunrooms, three and four seasons. Three-seasons sunrooms are constructed using light-weight materials and usually have screens to allow airflow. They are designed to be enjoyed from spring through fall, but not winter. Four-seasons sunrooms — built with heavier materials, heated, and insulated to shield from the cold — are designed to be used year-round.
Pros of Adding a Sunroom
Adding a sunroom to your home has several meaningful benefits that are worth considering. They add space to your home that is connected to the outdoors — a place to enjoy some fresh air without having to leave the house. They act as an additional room to gather with friends and family, and since three out of the four walls of your sunroom will have exposure to natural light, you won’t need additional lighting during the day. They may also increase the property value of your home, as many view a sunroom as a welcome addition to their home.
Cons of Adding a Sunroom
Without a doubt, the largest downside to installing a sunroom is cost. Homeowners will incur expenses for installation, a potential increase in taxes, and increased heating expenses for four-seasons sunrooms. It is also worth noting that, when sitting in your sunroom, you can be seen by people outside of your home. Those valuing privacy can install screens to avoid this.
Cost of Adding a Sunroom
The costs associated with adding a sunroom to your home are varied. There are at least five variables that go into a sunroom’s total cost. The primary contributor to the cost of a sunroom is its size. The larger the room, the more expensive it will be. Likely the next largest factor is who you hire to install your new sunroom — a high-end contractor or home remodelers may do a more professional job, but you’ll have to pay substantially more. Likewise, an inexperienced contractor may offer a good deal, but you won’t know how well the job will be completed. These factors must be weighed heavily before making your decision.
You want to find a contractor who has experience and references — someone you can trust to do an acceptable job for a fair price. The next largest factor in determining the cost of your new sunroom is your location. For those in places that stay warm year-round, a three-seasons sunroom will do. However, those wishing to install a sunroom in colder climates who wish to enjoy their sunroom year-round, consider a four-seasons sunroom — the additional costs associated with insulating and heating your sunroom will make the project more expensive.


This is my summer salad for a few reasons: Its light, bright and super fresh. This salad is named “Detox Salad” because it truly is one. I always recommend that my clients increase the amount of bitter foods they eat into their diet because they have such incredible benefits. For starters, these help to increase digestion as they stimulate the gall bladder and liver to produce digestive juices. Bitter foods also decrease our bodies desire for sugar; so it helps to keep those sugar cravings low.
Some examples of bitter foods include: Radish, kale, arugula, radicchio, parsnip, beet + beet tops.
Whether you feel like you need a little reset, are going to a dinner party or want to try something new; this salad should hopefully do the trick.
Ingredients:
- 2 red or yellow beets, peeled and shaved
- 2 carrots, peeled and shaved
- 1 cup kale, chopped
- 5 radish, chopped
- ¼ cup radicchio, shaved
- ½ to 1 cup of parsley
- 1 tbsp lemon
- 1 tbsp lime
- 1 tbsp apple cider vinegar
Method:
1. Simply add all ingredients into a large bowl and mix well.
2. Transfer to the fridge and allow it to chill for at least one hour.
3. At this point, you can add more citrus or vinegar
4. Store in the fridge for up to 4 days
That’s it! Its super simple and tastes even better the next day. I hope you enjoy this recipe!
- Jass
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FDA’s final CMC guidance sets expectations for manufacturing and quality for human gene therapy INDs. This article reviews existing analytical applications, focusing on viral vector characterization of impurities.
In January 2020, the FDA issued
Final Guidance for Industry: Chemistry Manufacturing and Control (CMC) Information for Human Gene Therapy Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs) and other guidance documents for human gene therapies, which set expectations for manufacturing and demonstration of quality (1). These products are applied to deliver genetic material (transgenes) or modified cells that have been designed to alleviate or even eliminate a broad range of diseases that are rooted in the genetics of individuals or populations of patients. Pharmaceutical Technology eBook: Regulatory Sourcebook October 2020 Pages: 52-58
When referring to this article, please cite it as P. Wunderli et al., “Viral Vector API Characterization of Product-Related Impurities,"
Pharmaceutical Technology Regulatory Sourcebook eBook (October 2020).


Your gutters play a vital role in protecting your property from water damage. That's why it's important to ensure they're in top condition at all times. Here, commercial roofing and gutter repair experts from Quality One Roofing Inc discuss the gutter maintenance...Read More
Archives for February 2020
Commercial roofing systems can be more challenging to maintain than residential roofs due to their massive size and lack of slope. One thing that can be particularly challenging is accurately identifying signs of damage. In this post, roof repair experts from Quality...Read More


Chemistry of the silica magnetic beads
The center of the silica magnetic microbead is typically magnetite Fe3O4 or maghemite γ-Fe2O3, giving the bead superparamagnetic properties. In the presence of a magnetic field the beads will become magnetized in the direction of the magnetic field. When the magnet is removed, the beads lose their magnetization completely, reverting back to a fully demagnetized state (standard magnetic materials, as standard iron, have always some remnant magnetization). The beads can be coated in silica, silicon dioxide. This is typically done using a version of the Stöber method, using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to create a SiO2 layer around the magnetic bead.
Uses of the silica magnetic bead
The silica magnetic bead can be used to isolate or purify nucleic acids from a solution. The beads are now a common and prefered technique for separating genomic DNA, plasmid DNA, or RNA. Silica magnetic beads are used to avoid contaminations and loss of material throughout the purification process, which involves various buffers, salts, and alcohol. The silica magnetic bead binds nucleic acid, but not irreversibly, and can be retained by a permanent magnet device to perform each wash or liquid removal step by simply removing unwanted material from a container while the beads with bound nucleic acid are held by magnetic force to the edge of the container.
How to bind nucleic acid to silica magnetic beads
The backbone of DNA is negative due to its phosphate backbone. DNA is propelled to bind more efficiently to silica magnetic beads by the presence of a chaotrope. A standard chaotrope called guanidinium hydrochloride is used for this process. A chaotrope will disrupt the bonds of the DNA, particularly to water in a solution. This will allow the DNA to bind elsewhere, such as to the silica coating on the magnetic bead. RNA is purified similarly, but degradation by RNAses is always a concern. For RNA, buffers and solutions are optimized to reduce degradation activity. The main procedure is to put your solution with beads in the presence of a magnet, and remove the contents while keeping the beads. Then the beads can be resuspended in a new desired solution.
Silica magnetic bead for the laboratory
There are multiple methods for nucleic acid separation that have been used before the innovation of the silica magnetic bead. One can do a spin column purification, which involves silica coated columns which capture nucleic acids in the presence of a chaotropic buffer. RNA or DNA can be extracted doing a phenol-chloroform extraction, with extra precautions taken for RNA to avoid degradation. Switching to magnetic beads purifications involved purchasing the magnets specific to biological separation, and the magnetic beads. Some laboratories will make their own beads and pre-coat their own beads. Silica magnetic beads simplify the purification process by having consistent and easy steps. When a solution is in the presence of a magnetic force, the beads will stay in the container while the rest can be completely removed. This reduces the amount of unwanted residual buffer while keeping the yield of the protocol high.


TORRANCE — General Motors and Honda on Sept. 3 announced they have signed a non-binding memorandum of understanding following extensive preliminary discussions toward establishing a North American automotive alliance.
The scope of the proposed alliance includes a range of vehicles to be sold under each company’s distinct brands, as well as cooperation in purchasing, research and development, and connected services.
Under the proposed alliance, Honda and GM would collaborate on a variety of segments in North America, intending to share common vehicle platforms, including both electrified and internal combustion propulsion systems that align with the vehicle platforms. Co-development planning discussions will begin immediately, with engineering work beginning in early 2021.
The announcement builds on the agreement signed between the companies in April to jointly develop two all-new electric vehicles for Honda based on GM’s highly flexible global EV platform powered by Ultium batteries. The GM-Honda relationship, which began more than two decades ago, includes recent collaboration between the companies on fuel cells, batteries and the Cruise Origin shared autonomous vehicle.
“This alliance will help both companies accelerate investment in future mobility innovation by freeing up additional resources. Given our strong track record of collaboration, the companies would realize significant synergies in the development of today’s vehicle portfolio,” said Mark Reuss, president of General Motors.
“Through this new alliance with GM, we can achieve substantial cost efficiencies in North America that will enable us to invest in future mobility technology, while maintaining our own distinct and competitive product offerings,” said Seiji Kuraishi, executive vice president of Honda Motor Co., Ltd. “Combining the strengths of each company, and by carefully determining what we will do on our own and what we will do in collaboration, we will strive to build a win-win relationship to create new value for our customers. In this way, Honda will continue making steady progress in solidifying our existing business by realizing strong products, strong manufacturing capability and a strong business structure.”
An alliance in North America between Honda and GM would leverage the best technologies and generate substantial cost efficiencies from shared vehicle platforms and propulsion systems, joint purchasing, potential manufacturing efficiencies and other collaboration efforts. This would enable both GM and Honda to make greater investments in advanced and next-generation technologies.
GM and Honda also plan to share R&D and engineering costs for select future co- developed vehicle and propulsion platforms. This would create substantial efficiencies and free up capital, enabling both companies to meet the increasing requirements to invest in various future mobility trends and additional growth opportunities for each company’s distinct brands.
Honda and GM plan to collaborate in joint purchasing activities to create further cost efficiencies by leveraging both companies’ respective scale, insight and best practices. Purchasing collaboration would be focused on joint sourcing of materials, logistics and localization strategies.
Introducing advanced technology is imperative, given shifting consumer and regulatory requirements. To address this challenge efficiently, the alliance would explore combining the R&D efforts between the two companies related to advanced technology areas, including electrical architecture, advanced driver assist systems, infotainment, connectivity and vehicle-to-everything communication.
In April, the companies announced that Honda will incorporate GM’s OnStar safety, security and connected services into the two all-new electric vehicles for Honda based on GM’s global EV platform, seamlessly integrating them with HondaLink. Based on that collaboration, GM and Honda will explore further co-development opportunities for future connected services, including GM’s OnStar and infotainment.
All facets of the alliance will be governed by a joint committee, comprising senior executives from both companies.


This White Paper assesses the multifaceted pervasiveness of corruption in Yemen. It is demonstrated, amongst others, that patronage networks are now emerging among previously marginal or unknown figures and that the financial involvement of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates has extended patronage across national borders. It is argued that any anti-corruption agenda must aim to understand the complex configuration of patronage networks in Yemen, to be introduced gradually, and to get the buy-in of as wide a group of Yemenis as possible.


Mr. Speaker, today I rise to honour all the health care workers who have lost their lives serving this country on the front lines of the COVID pandemic. According to journalist Nora Loreto, of the 6,000 Canadians who have died from COVID-19, over 5,000 are linked to residential care facilities, close to 86%. We know from the unions representing these workers that a significant portion of these workers are racialized.
I rise to honour Leonard Rodriques, a personal support worker and member of Unifor, whose family says his death was due to a lack of PPE at his workplace. He was buying masks from the dollar store because his workplace was not providing him with PPE. After he was denied the personal protection from his workplace, he was sent home. He tested positive, and when symptoms worsened he went to the hospital. A few hours later, he was discharged from the hospital, and he died two days later. The story of Mr. Rodriques cannot be forgotten. We must begin to collect race-based data related to COVID-19.


BackgroundAn anesthetic state can reduce adverse airway reaction during laryngeal mask airway (LMA) removal in children. However, the anesthetic state has risks of upper airway obstruction or delayed emergence; so possibly less anesthetic depth is advisable. Caudal analgesia reduces the requirement of anesthetic agents for sedation or anesthesia; it is expected to reduce the sevoflurane requirement for LMA removal. Therefore, we determined the EC50 of sevoflurane for LMA removal with caudal analgesia and compared that to the EC50 without caudal analgesia.MethodsForty-three unpremedicated children aged 1 to 6 yr were enrolled. They were allocated to receive or not to receive caudal block according to their parents' consent. General anesthesia were induced and maintained with sevoflurane and oxygen in air. EC50 of sevoflurane for a smooth LMA removal with and without caudal analgesia were estimated by the Dixon up-and-down method. The LMA was removed when predetermined end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was achieved, and the sevoflurane concentration of a subsequent patient was determined by the success or failure of the previous patient with 0.2% as the step size; success was defined by the absence of an adverse airway reaction during and after LMA removal. EC50 of sevoflurane with caudal block, and that without caudal block, were compared by a rank-sum test.ResultsThe EC50 of sevoflurane to achieve successful LMA removal in children with caudal block was 1.47%; 1.81% without caudal block. The EC50 were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsCaudal analgesia significantly reduced the sevoflurane concentration for a smooth LMA removal in anesthetized children.
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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has brought countless challenges to families across the nation. From adjusting to a work-from-home schedule to attempting to fill the role of our children’s teachers, it has been a time of great transition for all of us as we adapt to our “new normal.”
To provide a sense of normalcy and joy during these challenging times, the Kiwanis Club of Orangevale-Fair Oaks provided 24 scooters and helmets to children in the Orangevale area. With the help of a Club Grant from the Cal-Nev-Ha Children’s Fund, the club partnered with the local organization About Kidz to distribute these scooters and helmets to children in their community on June 18, 2020.
The project was a massive success for the club! When asked to summarize the project, Club President Sal Arrigo said, “I’ll say it this way – a simple idea from one of our members turned into an extremely rewarding project. The enthusiasm from the kids, About Kidz, and the ‘thank yous’ from the parents was well worth the effort.”
The project was even covered by Orangevale Live, a grass-roots marketing collaborative which highlights “home-grown, real-life news” in their community. When asked about the idea by Orangevale Live, Arrigo stated, “Kids want to play, and Kiwanis supports kids.” Well put, Sal! We are honored to partner with clubs to build a better future for our children!


“He got up from the meal, took off his outer clothing, and wrapped a towel around his waist. After that, he poured water into a basin and began to wash his disciples’ feet, drying them with the towel that was wrapped around him.” John 13:4–5, NIV.
The mood is somber; conversation is dismal, and the spiritual climate is changing. Jesus is aware that His time on earth is concluding and with death quickly approaching He, like anyone who knows they are about to die, imparts a few last life lessons to those who are closest to Him. Instead of relishing in His Kingly glory, Jesus
choosesto humble Himself to the role of a servant and washes His disciple’s feet.
How can we become confident to serve in a world that promotes self? The spirit of entitlement tries to permeate our lives even though it is contrary to the way Jesus lived His life on earth. Our Lord would have been justified to have a spirit of entitlement, since He was sinless and God dwelling in the flesh, but He chose to be selfless and ministered to His disciples in a way that transcended cultural norms.
Prayer: Lord, teach me how to invest in people like You do. I pray You would transform how I view ministry and help me serve people, as You do. If a spirit of entitlement rises up in me, help me to realize it right away so I can ask You to purify my heart. l not only desire to love like You love, but I want to serve how You serve. Lead me to someone I can minister to today. In Jesus name.


Description
Commissioned by the Australian Education Union (SA), this report identifies significant shortcomings in the 2003 literacy and numeracy testing conducted in South Australian schools. The authors argue that well-designed standardised tests can be useful as one part of an assessment regime, but the current tests need to be improved considerably.


NCASE Resource Library Featured Resources
This publication features some of the best resources, including webinars, briefs, and toolkits, available in the online NCASE Resource Library, developed for both practitioners and system builders.
These selected resources, curated by NCASE, offer ideas and information for OST system leaders to support recovery from COVID-19.
The NCASE Out-of-School Time Professional Development System-Building Toolkit was designed to assist states as they build professional development systems inclusive of school-age providers.
Search for Resources ? Search Results Filter By Reset Selections Expand All Filters Topics Resource type Publisher Search Results Filter By
This report captures what was shared at an October 2019 Conference about the challenges of teaching social and emotional learning (SEL) in afterschool programs. It provides a brief history of the growing focus on SEL, along with a summary of remarks by national leaders.
This classic report clarifies the cost of quality out-of-school time programs, based on data from 111 quality programs in six cities. It provides the mean and range for hourly and daily cost per slot, with an analysis of factors that bring differences to cost.
This report offers important insights into how collaboration across sectors can help state and city systems build a more skilled, sustainable workforce that better supports children and youth.
This report discusses the components of strong continuous quality improvement systems, emphasizing ways to safeguard and sustain such systems. It shares lessons learned from afterschool quality system leaders who took part in a multi-year Wallace-funded initiative for cities.
This website offers afterschool nonprofits a range of tools, articles, reports, and resources to develop financial skills. It includes articles, webinars, videos, and self-assessment resources on planning, operations, monitoring, and governance.
This website provides links to all issues of Afterschool Matters, a national, peer-reviewed journal aimed at practitioners who develop and manage youth programs, as well as researchers and policymakers. The journal is published two to three times a year; each journal is 48-60 pages. Articles on almost any topic related to school-age care are available here.
This website provides resources on program planning, managing staff and volunteers, planning lessons, technology, and materials using a real-life, project-based approach to learning. The website includes sections on digital storytelling, inquiry-based learning, youth media training, fostering positive climates, and nurturing creativity.


Home Office & Smart Home
Cyber Security
Many of small businesses and homes have been victims of cybercrime and have had their personal information, including bank details, compromised, or stolen without their knowledge.
One of the ways hackers can get into your system is through your router. They can also gain access through smart devices such as unsecured smart light bulbs, Wi-Fi baby monitors, smart watches and many other internet gadgets commonly found in homes or small offices.
These devices are clearly here to stay. However, hackers can and have been using these as a back door into people’s homes and personal data.


Motorists were speeding three times more frequently during lockdown compared to normal, according to new analysis by AX.
The study of telematics data by AX suggests motorists were making the most of unusually low traffic levels, giving drivers the opportunity to speed in otherwise normally congested areas.
Serious speeding events – the most severe category of excessive speed – occurred every 136 miles on average in April, compared to every 443 miles in February.
Major speeding events were also significantly more frequent, taking place on average once every 32 miles in April, down from every 94 miles in February.
It wasn’t just a case of motorists covering shorter journeys either, with major speeding events occurring on average once every 4.3 trips in April compared to every 9.8 trips two months earlier.
Van drivers, who played a crucial role during lockdown, proved to be much more obedient than car drivers, with telematics devices detecting major incidents twice as often as normal compared to four times as frequently for car drivers.
In normal circumstances, data suggests van drivers tend to commit more major speeding events than cars, whereas the reverse is true for serious events, largely due to the majority of cars offering more potent performance than most vans.
As lockdown restrictions began to ease, speeding also started to return to normal levels, with all types of speeding incident occurring almost half as frequently in June compared to April, although still far from pre-lockdown levels.


The United Nations turns 75 in 2020. This is indeed a time for celebration. The UN has helped maintain peace and security and lessen the casualties of war, played a critical role in the fight against AIDS and other diseases, feeds approximately 104 million people annually from 80 nations, and has convened a series of summit conferences to combat our growing climate crisis.
We now face threats that were unimaginable 75 years ago. Nuclear proliferation, climate change, mass migration, and terrorism are a daily occurrence. We need a new UN, capable of handling these challenges. CGS has partnered with organizations worldwide to use the occasion of the UN’s 75th anniversary to push for meaningful change. UN2020 and Together First are two organizations that are leading the way. We invite you to explore and get involved in this vital work.


HEALTHY HOLIDAY RECIPES Nurture your consortium with Octo-nutty goodness.
A meal before the meal? These recipes are so tasty you'll need to remind yourself to save room for the main course.
We went a little nuts with these updates to the classics. There's no need for anyone to know they've got a healthy spin — that'll be our little secret.
Who needs another take on the classic pumpkin pie? These recipes give you additional options that are simple to make and hard to resist.
HEALTH NUTS, HEALTHY NUTS Gluten-free, Paleo, Whole30, Keto or vegan? We've got you covered — with 8 arms!
Paleo recipes exclude dairy, grain, and processed food while focusing on nutrients from plant and animal proteins, vegetables, and fruit.
The Whole30 lifestyle emphasizes whole foods and healthy proteins, eliminating sugar, alcohol, grains, legumes, soy, and dairy.
A vegan diet excludes all animal-derived foods including eggs, dairy, meat, and fish. Plant-based proteins are a must-have for vegans.
The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carb diet that forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.
Gluten-free eating is helpful for treating Celiac Disease and GI issues. It eliminates the gluten proteins found in wheat and related grains.
You can't spell nutrition without NUT, right? Whatever your dietary needs or preferences, you can't go wrong with these tasty recipes.


Abstract
We developed a novel delay discounting task to investigate outcome impulsivity in pigs. As impulsivity can affect aggression, and might also relate to proactive and reactive coping styles, eight proactive (HR) and eight reactive (LR) pigs identified in a manual restraint test ("Backtest", after Bolhuis et al., 2003) were weaned and mixed in four pens of four unfamiliar pigs, so that each pen had two HR and two LR pigs, and aggression was scored in the 9h after mixing. In the delay discounting task, each pig chose between two levers, one always delivering a small immediate reward, the other a large delayed reward with daily increasing delays, impulsive individuals being the ones discounting the value of the large reward quicker. Two novel strategies emerged: some pigs gradually switched their preference towards the small reward ('Switchers') as predicted, but others persistently preferred the large reward until they stopped making choices ('Omitters'). Outcome impulsivity itself was unrelated to these strategies, to urinary serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) or dopamine metabolite (HVA) levels, aggression at weaning, or coping style. However, HVA was relatively higher in Omitters than Switchers, and positively correlated with behavioural measures of indecisiveness and frustration during choosing. The delay discounting task thus revealed two response strategies that seemed to be related to the activity of the dopamine system and might indicate a difference in execution, rather than outcome, impulsivity.


Abstract
The last decade has seen declining numbers of students studying modern foreign languages at degree level, and university language departments are experiencing serious falls in recruitment (CILT, 2000). This inquiry, conducted during The European Year of Languages (2001) and using predominantly qualitative research methods, aimed to provide some initial data on why students are not studying for MFL degrees. Data were collected in five stages involving research interviews (both group and individual) and a small-scale questionnaire from the following populations: selected university undergraduates; selected sixth-formers in both a state-sector and a private-sector school; two heads of modern languages in the school sector; two modern language programme leaders in the university sector. Whilst any conclusions drawn from this study are not generalisable, two key factors emerged from the students' responses. These were a general climate of negativity surrounding perceptions of (degree-level) modern foreign language study, and a negative A level experience. Four broad themes emerged from the interviews with staff members. These were: the teaching of modern foreign languages in secondary (and primary) schools; a general ‘climate of negativity’ pervading wider society; vocational concerns on the part of students; and professional roles and practice.
Original language English Pages (from-to) 59-67 Number of pages 9 Journal Language Learning Journal Volume 2 Issue number 29 Publication status Published - 2004


I know the coronavirus is first and foremost on everyone's mind, and I want you to know I'm here and will continue to update you as needed. I hope you are doing well and taking good care of yourself. If…
I know you’re all concerned about the coronavirus, and I’ll keep updating you on that as needed. If you missed my email yesterday on what I've learned about the coronavirus and how I can support you during this time, be…
Wow. As you all know, the coronavirus situation has really grown. For weeks now, I have been confused by it. All the fear just didn't make sense when compared to the number of people affected. In the U.S. the number…
Every day we're hearing about the coronavirus in the news, and I know many of you are concerned. I'm here to reassure you and let you know what you can do to protect yourself. The reason the coronavirus is such…
Today I'm talking about one of my very favorite topics, perimenopause. I've just gone through perimenopause myself, and now I'm officially in menopause - woohoo! I know firsthand how tricky this transition time can be. A few years ago, I…
I hope your 2020 is off to a good start! For me it's been a wild ride so far, and I'm excited to see what lies ahead. I'm back with my hormone series, and today we're talking about the fertility…
Recently I did something that took a LOT of courage. Honestly, I still can't believe I did it! I wrote a song, recorded it, AND performed it - yes, in front of people!! This was huge for me. I'm not…
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The transition into puberty & womanhood can be pretty tricky, as you may remember. :) Many girls are experiencing things like menstrual cramps, fatigue, and weight gain, not to mention the emotional ups & downs. It can be a really…
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Despite popular tradition, we know that Jesus was likely not resurrected early on Sunday morning following His crucifixion, because scripture tells us that when the women went to the tomb ‘very early in the morning,’ the angels told them,
“He is not here; he has [already] risen!” (Luke 24:6).
So when exactly was Jesus resurrected?
Despite what church tradition would have us believe, a proper analysis of scripture makes clear that Jesus was
not crucified on Friday and did not rise on a Sunday morning in AD 30. According to scripture and the Jewish calendar for the year of Jesus’ crucifixion, Jesus fulfilled the Spring Feasts of the Lord (Leviticus 23) at His first coming; he fulfilled Passover with His crucifixion; He fulfilled the Feast of Unleavened Bread with His burial; and He fulfilled First Fruits with His resurrection.
It is especially significant that the Jewish
Feast of First Fruits was observed on the day following the weekly Sabbath of the Passion Week – on Sunday. According to Jewish tradition, all days began at sundown; therefore, . Jesus’ resurrection must therefore have occurred at some point during that period. And since we have already established that it was First Fruits began at sundown of Saturday and ended on sundown of Sunday beforeearly morning on Sunday, when did it actually occur?
Jesus specifically stated that – like Jonah – He would be in the heart of the earth for
(Jonah 1:17, Matthew 12:40). Unfortunately, church tradition – which advocates a Friday afternoon crucifixion, a burial before sunset, and a resurrection on Sunday morning -simply would not allow for the scripturally-required three days and three nights three days and three nights – even if we allow for partial days and nights.
I believe that in order for Jesus’ Passion to have properly fulfilled scripture and the traditions of the Jewish Feasts, the crucifixion must have occurred on Wednesday afternoon. Burial would have followed at sundown (the beginning of Thursday and the
Feast of Unleavened Bread); and the resurrection would have occurred at sundown on Saturday, the start of First Fruits and the beginning of Sunday on the Jewish calendar. This chronology provides three full days and three full nights for Jesus’ body to be in the earth.
Because Jesus served as the
First Fruits of the resurrection, it makes sense that He would have been resurrected at the start of First Fruits, which would also have corresponded to the Jewish rite of First Fruits, during which the Temple Priests offered to heaven the first cuts of barley from a special field in the Kidron Valley. This would have been the exact moment at which Jesus rose from the grave.
God makes all things perfect. What could have been more perfect than this?
For a complete discussion of the
of Jesus’ death, resurrection, and ascension(s), please read the various postings at the following link on the when website: Truth in Scripture


A Class I medical device recall has been issued by Medtronic for certain HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD) cardiac devices, after the manufacturer recognized that a screw may break or tear during assembly before it is implanted, resulting in a delay in treatment that could cause serious and potentially life threatening complications.
The Medtronic HeartWare HVAD recall was announced by the FDA on May 28, following nearly 100 reports of problems where the strain relief screw broke and outflow graft tore while preparing the device for implant. To date, no deaths have been associated with the impacted products, but the class I designation indicates that continued use of the product may result in severe adverse events.
The HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD) is a pump that helps the heart deliver blood to the rest of an individual’s body, and is typically used as a bridge to cardiac transplant for patients at risk of left ventricular heart failure. It is used on patients both in the hospital and out of the facility, such as when a patient is being transported via aircraft or helicopter.
According to the recall, the Medtronic HVAD contains a defect that may allow the outflow graft of the Pump to tear and the strain relief screw to break during assembly, prior to implant. Officials have indicated these defects may not be identified during or after they are attached to the HVAD pump, which may result in failure to perform and delay life-saving treatment.
The problem places patients at risk of suffering serious injuries, including dizziness, loss of consciousness, bleeding, fluid buildup around the heart, the need for additional medical procedures and death.
The recall impacts at least 4,924 HeartWare HVAD Pump Outflow Graft and Outflow Graft Strain Relief systems with model numbers 1125, 1103 and 1153 manufactured by Medtronic and distributed to medical facilities across the U.S. from March 1, 2018 to April 1, 2020.
Medtronic initiated the recall on April 3, 2020 and issued a Medical Device Safety Alert to all affected customers, instructing them to closely inspect the graft after assembly and before implantation and to practice standard pre-operative and immediate post-operative patient management to look for this issue.
After receiving 92 reports of the strain relief screw breaking or the outflow graft tearing, the FDA upgraded the Medical Device Safety Alert to a Class I recall, indicating it is the most serious of its kind, and that a risk of serious injury or death could result from the use of the products.
Customers with impacted devices are being asked to complete a Physician Confirmation Form sent on April 3, 2020, and either return it to your Field Representative or email to RS.CFQFCA@medtronic.com to indicate you received the notification.
Medtronic has experienced a variety of issues with HeartWare HVAD models, resulting in at least two recalls in recent years. In 2018, Medtronic issued a HeartWare HVAD recall involving more than 16,000 devices after discovering the electrical connection between the system’s power source, such as the battery, AC adapter, or DC adapter, and the HVAD controller could be interrupted. Officials warned this may cause the pump to stop working, resulting in an exacerbation of heart failure symptoms, including weakness, dizziness, anxiety, nausea, loss of consciousness or death.
In 2017, Medtronic issued another Class I recall for HVAD System Controllers due to the devices experiencing battery failure, power and data failures, and premature wearing of the alignment guides. That recall resulted in at least two deaths, four serious injuries and 27 field reports of other failures and problems regarding the devices.


In this age of rapid digitization and automation, the popularity of ICT education at most universities has evidently skyrocketed. With an increasing number of students studying CS courses, the workload for educators has also increased significantly. Because of this, we often observe a pattern across universities wherein educators only conduct a final examination at the end of the course rather than have assignments periodically throughout the course duration. Teachers rightly point out that they do so primarily because they simply lack resources and time to examine a large number of student submissions and provide feedback individually.
Students note that the lack of formative assessment with feedback does not help much with the learning process and is often discouraging for newcomers. For instance, at the University of Edinburgh, Dr Volker Seeker has been teaching ‘Introduction to Object Oriented Programming’ for a couple years and he mentions that they traditionally only had a final exam for this course because of the difficulty involved in providing feedback to everyone and the lack of efficient tools to check for plagiarism on the Java code. This final exam created a strong sense of dissatisfaction among students, especially for beginners, since they only had a limited time of 2 hours to solve the programming exercises. This was clearly discouraging particularly for students who were keen on learning programming skills and would have preferred to receive feedback regularly.


Imagine a world where we become micro-generators of clean, renewable solar power in a connected and resilient micro-grid.
This possibility is now becoming a reality with Hydro Ottawa's
MiGen Transactive Grid. MiGen enables consumers and businesses to help shape the future of the electricity grid by establishing micro-grids. These allow participants to generate their own solar power, store electricity, share with connected neighbours, and send unused electricity back to the grid.
Read more on
https://mailchi.mp/hydroottawa/hydro-ottawa-bia-update-newsletter-1917577?e=844f4b6ab2


For four decades, the team at Hord Coplan Macht (HCM) has provided expert design services to healthcare and educational institutions, nursing schools among them, across the country to help them meet current needs while offering flexibility for the future.
Recognizing the unique set of challenges nursing/allied health educators and administrators are currently facing, we are creating resources to offer insight into the evolving nursing profession, how educators are addressing this evolution and the pallet of learning spaces needed to prepare nursing students for the future profession.
Topics covered in this whitepaper include:
Evolving Healthcare Environment Changing Demographics in Nursing Active Learning Spaces Enhance Outcomes Implications Of These Trends For Nursing Education Facilities Design Considerations + Solutions


Abstract
Particle suspensions, present in many natural and industrial settings, typically contain aggregates or other microstructures that can complicate macroscopic flow behaviors and damage processing equipment. Recent work found that applying uniform periodic shear near a critical transition can reduce fluctuations in the particle concentration across all length scales, leading to a hyperuniform state. However, this strategy for homogenization requires fine tuning of the strain amplitude. Here we show that in a model of sedimenting particles under periodic shear, there is a well-defined regime at low sedimentation speed where hyperuniform scaling automatically occurs. Our simulations and theoretical arguments show that the homogenization extends up to a finite length scale that diverges as the sedimentation speed approaches zero.
ASJC Scopus subject areas Chemistry(all) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) Physics and Astronomy(all)


Abstract
According to attentional control theory (ACT; Eysenck et al. in Emotion 7(2):336–353, 2007) anxious individuals recruit motivation on demanding tasks, which helps prevent performance shortfalls. We used a quasi-experimental design to examine the relationship between trait anxiety (operationalised using questionnaire scores), situational stress (manipulated using ego threat instructions) and motivation (indexed using a self-report goal-commitment scale) in predicting effectiveness (accuracy) and efficiency (accuracy divided by RT) on the reading span task. After controlling for depression, the variables were not related to effectiveness; however there was a significant trait anxiety × goal-commitment interaction on reading span efficiency. Higher trait anxiety predicted better efficiency at higher goal-commitment, and poorer efficiency at lower goal-commitment, and these relationships were independent of situational stress. Results are interpreted in terms of ACT.


the call protection period. Interest rates could potentially fall to the point where it would be beneficial for the company to call the bond, yet the company is unable to do so. 6. A make-whole call provision should lower the coupon rate in comparison to a call provision with specific dates since the make-whole call repays the bondholder the present value of the future cash flows. However, a make-whole call provision should not affect the coupon rate in comparison to a plain vanilla bond. Since the bondholders are made whole, they should be indifferent between a plain vanilla bond and a make-whole bond. If a bond with a make-whole provision is called, bondholders receive the market value of the bond, which they can reinvest in another bond with similar characteristics. If we compare this to a bond with a specific call price, investors rarely receive the full market value of the future cash flows.
7. A positive covenant would reduce the coupon rate. The presence of positive covenants protects bondholders by forcing the company to undertake actions that benefit bondholders. Examples of positive covenants would be: the company must maintain audited financial statements; the company must maintain a minimum specified level of working capital or a minimum specified current ratio; the company must maintain any collateral in good working order. The negative side
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R3 Report Issue 24: PC Standards for Maternal Safety
Effective July 1, 2020, 13 new elements of performance (EPs) will be applicable to Joint Commission-accredited hospitals. These new requirements are within the Provision of Care, Treatment, and Services (PC) chapter at PC.06.01.01 and PC.06.01.03 and are designed to improve the quality and safety of care provided to women during all stages of pregnancy and postpartum. The United States ranks 65th among industrialized nations in terms of maternal death. Because of worsening maternal morbidity and mortality, The Joint Commission evaluated expert literature to determine what areas held the most potential impact. The literature review revealed that prevention, early recognition, and timely treatment for maternal hemorrhage and severe hypertension/preeclampsia had the highest impact in states working on decreasing maternal complications. This approach was supported by a technical advisory panel assembled by The Joint Commission, resulting in the development of EPs that focus on these complications.


Comparing rates and characteristics of harms across different pharmaceutical opioids: an examination of Australian ambulance attendances 2013-2018. Abstract Background. Similar to other high-income countries, Australian opioid-related mortality has almost doubled in the past decade, and the majority of the deaths are pharmaceutical opioid-related. Despite common extramedical use, few studies examine the relative harms associated with different pharmaceutical opioids. Aims. This study aimed to describe rates and characteristics of ambulance attendances related to nine commonly prescribed pharmaceutical opioids: buprenorphine, codeine, fentanyl, oxycodone, oxycodone-naloxone, morphine, pethidine, tramadol, and tapentadol. Method: Trained research assistants coded clinical records of ambulance attendances from January 2013 to September 2018. Cases were included where recent extramedical (i.e. over- or inappropriate) use of a pharmaceutical opioid significantly contributed to the reason for the ambulance attendance.
We examined supply-adjusted rates of attendances using Poisson regression and used multinomial logistic regression to compare severity and other characteristics of attendances associated with different pharmaceutical opioids in Victoria (Australia’s second largest state), and compared these to the other jurisdictions of Australia.
Results. We identified 14 161 ambulance attendances relating to extramedical use of pharmaceutical-opioids. In Victoria, the highest rates of attendance (per 100 000 mg OME) were for codeine (0.273/100 000) and oxycodone (0.113/100 000). The lowest rates were for fentanyl (0.019/100 000) and tapentadol (0.005/100 000). Rates of oxycodone-naloxone-related attendances (0.031/100 000) were lower than for oxycodone as a single ingredient (0.113/100 000).
Fentanyl-related attendances were the most severe, most likely to be an accidental overdose and have naloxone administered, and least likely to be transferred to hospital. In contrast, codeine-related attendances were more likely to involve co-morbid suicidal thoughts or behaviours, involve younger females and require transport to hospital for further care.
Despite significant changes in the volume of supply for different opioids over the study period, rates of supply-adjusted harm remain relatively stable. Data from states outside Victoria were broadly consistent.
Discussion. This study represents one of the most detailed population level examinations of pharmaceutical opioid-related harm in Australia. Distinct patterns of harms were observed for different opioids. These highlight the need to consider factors such as the formulation, to develop nuanced responses to reduce pharmaceutical opioid-related harm, particularly as newer formulations are introduced. Furthermore, policy attention has largely focused on accidental overdose, with less consideration of interventions aimed at intentional harm. Policy makers may consider the role of regulation in addressing harms from pharmaceutical self-poisoning.


Sudden obstetric collapse is a rare but a potentially life-threatening event, it is a sudden event involving the cardio-respiratory systems and /or the brain resulting in an absent or reduced conscious level and potentially death, at any stage up to 6 weeks of delivery.Dr. Alpesh Gandhi, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist discusses the immediate management which involves resuscitation of the patient (assessment, CPR, basic and advanced life support, cardioversion). He discusses the decision making in emergency Caesarean section in cardiac arrest and perimortem Caesarean section. The various causes of sudden obstetric collapse, and the differential diagnosis and the salient points pertaining to vasovagal shock, sudden uterine inversion, sepsis, septic shock, acute pulmonary oedema and amniotic fluid embolism are discussed at length.