Art collecting creates an emotional experience that takes into account the monetary value of each individual piece. Collectors are lured into a work through its impassioned appeal, but what finalizes this addition to their collection is the financial worth. Emotion and finance appear opposite to one another, but collectors consider both when admiring new art such as limited edition prints. This is the emotional and monetary value seen through the eyes of an art collector.
Fuel the Soul and Fit the BudgetArt fills a person’s soul and environment with a specific energy. Every collector knows what energy feels right to them. When they first see a work that embodies this energy, they sense a calling from it. However, this energy can shift drastically due to financial reasons such as a limited budget. Art collecting requires harmony between emotional connection and financial responsibility. Collectors prioritize this balance because they crave the fulfillment that results from satisfying their souls and wallets. Limited edition prints are an excellent example for art that suits the type of connection and price collectors search for. The Value of Art is Not Carved in StoneThe value of an artwork is not carved in stone. Instead, the value ages over time like a fine wine. As time passes, the value of art increases. This value applies on both the emotional and financial side. After a collector adds a piece to their collection, that piece’s worth begins to grow. Over the years, its monetary value starts to slowly increase. For the emotional value, that connection never ceases and only blossoms. Even after its original owner passes, that artwork will be given to someone who feels a similar or stronger attachment. Returning to the earlier example of limited edition prints, each one of created with a one-of-a-kind design. Their designs are what welcomes the collector’s attention along with their price. No matter how many prints are created, every single one of them holds an exclusive feature that increases their value over time.


The U.S. Department of Transportation has issued an Enforcement Notice clarifying, in the context of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) public health emergency, that US and foreign airlines remain obligated to provide a prompt refund to passengers for flights to, within, or from the United States when the carrier cancels the passenger’s scheduled flight or makes a significant schedule change and the passenger chooses not to accept the alternative offered by the carrier.
The obligation of airlines to provide refunds, including the ticket price and any optional fee charged for services a passenger is unable to use, does not cease when the flight disruptions are outside of the carrier’s control (e.g., a result of government restrictions).
The Department is receiving an increasing number of complaints and inquiries from ticketed passengers, including many with non-refundable tickets, who describe having been denied refunds for flights that were canceled or significantly delayed.
In many of these cases, the passengers stated that the carrier informed them that they would receive vouchers or credits for future travel.
Because the COVID-19 public health emergency has had an unprecedented impact on air travel, DOT’s Aviation Enforcement Office will exercise its enforcement discretion and provide carriers with an opportunity to become compliant before taking further action. However, the Aviation Enforcement Office will monitor airlines’ refund policies and practices and take enforcement action as necessary.


Students with varying educational and medical diagnoses often have difficulty in executive functioning skills. These skills (planning, organizing, executing, initiating, emotional regulation, attention/memory, etc) are foundational skills to access academics and cognition. Any deficits or weaknesses in EF ultimately impact classroom performance and skill acquisition. This session will serve as an interactive workshop with a brief education on EF support with compensatory external strategies to improve student independent and classroom experience. Participants will leave the session with the physical tools needed for immediate implementation upon returning to their classrooms. Participants will also gain a better understanding of how to include executive functioning in IEP goals, including progress monitoring methods.


As high-performance CPUs shrink into advanced CMOS process technologies, thinning dielectrics and dwindling wire interconnects demand an ever-increasing complexity of reliability analysis, modeling, and design techniques. This is particularly true for CPUs in notebook and desktop computers, in which to maximize the user experience, it is critical to maximize the voltage and frequency for the small fraction of the lifetime when peak performance is actually needed. An overview of methodologies and design considerations for maintaining the silicon reliability of high-performance CPUs is presented, with particular focus on dielectric breakdown and electromigration as the two most critical limiters. As dynamic voltage and frequency scaling has become pervasive in the mobile and embedded processor space, these techniques will become essential to a broader spectrum of the semiconductor industry as their respective frequencies continue to increase.
Bio:
Tom Burd received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering & Computer Science from U.C. Berkeley in 1992, 1994, and 2001, respectively. He joined AMD in 2005, and is currently the physical design architect of a next-generation x86 CPU core. Previously, Dr. Burd has held various technical leadership roles on multiple high-performance x86 microprocessors, including technical leadership for the silicon reliability of several generations of CPU & APU products. Prior to joining AMD, he consulted at several Silicon Valley startups, including Telegent Systems, Raza Microelectronics, and Matrix Semiconductor.


Florida Health Departments Praised For Innovation
Despite rising hepatitis A rates, Florida public-health programs have been lauded by a national group.
Thirteen Florida county health departments were included in the National Association of County and City Health Officials’ list of winners for innovative public health programs.
The Pinellas County Health Department was recognized for the “HPV Ambassador Program” which aims to increase vaccinations to prevent the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus. The Hillsborough County Health Department was recognized for initiatives to address obesity.
In all, 53 health departments across the nation were recognized for developing effective programs that can be replicated in other areas. The recognition for the Florida health departments comes as the state grapples with a growing number of hepatitis A cases.
As of the end of April, 989 hepatitis A cases had been reported in Florida. According to the state, 96 percent of the people infected had not received the hepatitis A vaccine.
Hepatitis A is a communicable disease usually transmitted person-to-person through ingesting fecal matter through such things as contaminated food or water.


Comparing the CCPA and GDPR
The CCPA is similar to the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into effect in May 2018, in that they both give rights to consumers over their data and define responsibilities. However, the GDPR imposes additional obligations, such as the requirement to ensure that personal data is protected as it crosses borders, and requiring businesses to follow certain rules regarding notice to individuals and regulators when a data breach occurs. You can find more information of what Shopify did to prepare for the GDPR in Shopify’s GDPR whitepaper.
Much of the work to prepare for the GDPR applies to the CCPA, but complying with the GDPR doesn't mean that you comply with the CCPA. The GDPR applies to European residents, but the CCPA applies to California residents. The GDPR applies to personal data of data subjects, but the CCPA applies to personal information of consumers and households. The GDPR places requirements on transferring data across borders, but the CCPA places restrictions on the sale of data. Additionally, the GDPR and CCPA have different breach notification requirements and penalties for non-compliance.
For more information, download Shopify's CCPA whitepaper (in English).


Management International University (MIU) is an online university offering accessible and high-quality diplomas anywhere in the world. Educational attainment is still one of the most precarious issues across
the globe. Amidst market volatility, weak institutions, intra conflict zones and ecological challenges, potential students with the capability and aspiration to contribute to the development of their?communities are not reached. Online distance learning still faces obstacles such as technological access, but with development in this area and the ability to access course content on mobile phones, online education alleviates many obstacles. We want to do what we can, using this technology, to ensure that those who want to learn, can.


Abstract
Background: The use of a simple screening questionnaire to detect persistent airflow obstruction (AO) in COPD may facilitate the early, accurate diagnosis of COPD in general practice settings. Objective: This study developed an original persistent AO questionnaire for screening individuals with COPD in a general Japanese population. Methods: A working group was established to generate initial draft questionnaire items about COPD. Eligible subjects aged 40 and older living in Japan were solicited to participate in a health checkup from 2014 to 2015. In study I, 2,338 subjects who fully completed the initial draft questionnaire and who had valid spirometry measurements were statistically analyzed to determine the final questionnaire items as a COPD screening questionnaire (COPD-Q). Persistent AO was defined as a post-bronchodilator FEV
1/FVC <0.70. In study II, the working group analyzed the weighted scores for individual items and established a cutoff point for the COPD-Q based on the data of 2,066 subjects in the Hisayama study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine the ability of the COPD-Q to discriminate between subjects with and without AO. Results: The five-item COPD-Q was established based on 19 initial draft items in study I and the weighted scores of individual items. The overall area under the ROC curve for the COPD-Q was 0.796 (95% confidence interval, 0.707–0.788). A cutoff of 4 points resulted in a sensitivity of 71.0% and a specificity of 70.1%. The positive predictive value was 10.8%, and the negative predictive value was 97.9%. The crude odds ratio of the COPD-Q for AO was 5.8. Conclusion: The five-item COPD-Q is a useful questionnaire for diagnosing persistent AO in a general Japanese population and is expected to be an effective first-stage screening tool for detecting COPD. All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health


Roxgold continues operations in Burkina Faso Roxgold reports its preliminary production results for the first quarter of 2020 from the its Yaramoko Mine Complex located in Burkina Faso.
“Yaramoko continues to operate well with a strong quarter to start the year with tonnage and grades ahead of expectations,” says Roxgold President and CEO John Dorward.
“During these challenging times, we continue to prioritize the health and safety of our workforce and local communities.
“Mining and production activities have continued uninterrupted, which is a testament to the dedication and fortitude of our team at site.
“As a company, we remain confident that we can effectively navigate and respond to this rapidly evolving pandemic.
“The Yaramoko operation has bolstered its safeguards and risk mitigation efforts to limit the impacts of the virus, while the company has strengthened its liquidity position in order to minimize the exposure to operating and financial risks in the market.
“Looking ahead, we are eagerly anticipating the release of the Séguéla Gold Project PEA shortly and look forward to highlighting the details of what we believe will be Roxgold’s second cornerstone asset.”
Operating summary
The Yaramoko Mine Complex produced 32,380 ounces, based on processing 125,879 tonnes at an average grade of 8.7 grams per tonne and average mill recoveries of 97.9%.
Mining activities continued to see strong ore production with a total of 134,472 tonnes of ore mined and 1,453 metres of development. Decline development in the 55 Zone has now reached the 4754 level, which is approximately 560 metres below surface, with increased ore drive development.
Ore development at Bagassi South has commenced on the 5095 level, which is approximately 220 metres below surface, while the decline continues to advance as planned. Good progress on ore development has seen the Bagassi South mine largely developed, providing additional stoping access for the remainder of the year.
The processing plant availability was 96.4% in the quarter and reported an average throughput rate of 1,383 tonnes per day exceeding nameplate capacity by approximately 26%.
Average throughput was lower in the quarter due to a planned 39-hour mill shut down for a complete mill relining. Gold ounces sold of 30,126 ounces were lower than production due to the timing of gold shipments at the end of the quarter.
Update on COVID-19 response
Management of the current global COVID-19 crisis is ongoing. Operations at Yaramoko currently remain unaffected with heightened preventative measures and response plans in place to mitigate and minimize any potential impacts from the virus.
The Company is continually assessing the health and safety risks to the Company’s personnel and contractors at its operations and offices.
On the 22 March 2020, the Company announced that two contractors at the Yaramoko mine in Burkina Faso tested positive for COVID-19. Both cases experienced only mild symptoms and have now recovered.
Additionally, a majority of the previously isolated workers who were identified via contact-tracing have returned to the workforce after completing their prescribed isolation periods and testing.
The Company has continued to enhance its testing and on-site medical support as well as reducing all non-essential mine site personnel. It has also increased the supply chain thresholds for consumables which will enable the mine to operate for extended periods.
While Yaramoko continues to operate in accordance with the annual operating plan, several contingency plans have been developed in the event that underground mining rates were affected by a prolonged Covid-19 related interruption.
These options include the processing of surface stockpiles, of which there is approximately four months of low-grade material (~3g/t Au) available.
Liquidity position
Roxgold finished the quarter with approximately $50 million of cash and gold doré on hand. The Company strengthened its liquidity position in the quarter following the drawdown of the remaining $15 million of its revolving credit facility to maximise cash reserves and reduce liquidity risk given the volatile and uncertain financial market conditions.
In addition, the Company continues to make regularly scheduled gold shipments from Yaramoko. Earlier this week, the quarter ending gold doré balance of 3,662 ounces, together with an additional 2,974 ounces poured since the start of April, was shipped from site further underpinning the Company’s liquidity position.
2020 Guidance
Based upon Q1 production results, Roxgold is slightly ahead of expectations and remains on track to deliver between 120,000 and 130,000 ounces of production from
Yaramoko absent any significant deterioration in operating conditions.


The model for EI in project management includes 5 factors: self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation, interpersonal management, and leadership.
SELF-AWARENESS
This is “the ability to sense, identify and understand emotions”. A project manager with low self-awareness is like a person being handicapped. Without awareness, we cannot make changes. It is crucial for a project manager to know his feelings and then make decisions, or take action. Otherwise, we may make poor decisions resulting in unintended outcomes. Those with a high level of self-awareness are confident, responsive to feedback and maintain their own perspectives during the project.
SELF-MANAGEMENT
Another step further for a project manager after knowing and understanding his feelings is to know how to manage their responses to their emotions in order to make a rational decision rather than reacting. Self-Management is “using your understanding of your feelings to reason well”. Those with high level of self-management understand their feelings and choose to manage their responses to the feelings.
SOCIAL AWARENESS
Similar to self-awareness, which is the ability to understand your emotions, social awareness, the third component in the five building blocks of our project management framework for emotional intelligence, is “the ability to understand the emotions of others”.
This involves empathy, which is “putting yourself in another person’s place to understand how they feel and why they feel that way”. The key to empathy is to “suspend judgment” and to listen and understand their feelings and emotional condition.
RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT
Stakeholder relationships play a critical role in any project. A project manager must manage the project team, and more difficult, the stakeholders. Whether you have a good relationship with them is up to you. We must claim the higher ground in building relationships.
TEAM LEADERSHIP
This is the highest component in the model of EI for project management. Communicating is crucial for a project manager to understand and manage the emotional tone of the team while managing conflict is a precious aspect of team development. And delivering inspirational leadership is necessary. It involves motivating, engaging and inspiring your team to develop for themselves and for the team.
To gain thorough understanding of 6 EI components for project managers, enroll in this course on Emotional Intelligence for Project Managers. Register now and earn 8.25 PDUs of Leadership for all kinds of PMI certificates after taking this course and receive a 50% discount. You can look for the course information on PMI CCRS: https://ccrs.pmi.org/search/course/451898
Reference:
- Casper, C. M. (2002). Using emotional intelligence to improve project performance. Paper presented at Project Management Institute Annual Seminars & Symposium, San Antonio, TX. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute.
- Rechtfertig, G. (2010). Emotional intelligence and key principles to increase your capacity to succeed. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2010—North America, Washington, DC. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute.
IMT-PM - Global PMI R.E.P. #4760 offers various courses for PMP® Exam Preparation and PMP®/PgMP®/PMI-ACP®/PMI-RMP® Renewal.
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Abstract
Cranial neural crest (CNC) cells are patterned and coalesce to facial prominences that undergo convergence and extension to generate the craniofacial form. We applied a chemical genetics approach to identify pathways that regulate craniofacial development during embryogenesis. Treatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 1-(2-[trifluoromethyl] phenyl) imidazole (TRIM) abrogated first pharyngeal arch structures and induced ectopic ceratobranchial formation. TRIM promoted a progenitor CNC fate and inhibited chondrogenic differentiation, which were mediated through impaired nitric oxide (NO) production without appreciable effect on global protein S-nitrosylation. Instead, TRIM perturbed hox gene patterning and caused histone hypoacetylation. Rescue of TRIM phenotype was achieved with overexpression of histone acetyltransferase kat6a, inhibition of histone deacetylase, and complementary NO. These studies demonstrate that NO signaling and histone acetylation are coordinated mechanisms that regulate CNC patterning, differentiation, and convergence during craniofacial morphogenesis.


Nearly four decades ago, a highway expansion project resulted in the excavation of 35 unmarked graves at Catoctin Furnace, an industrial ironworking village in western Maryland. Initial analysis identified the remains as Africans or African Americans associated with the late 18th- and early 19th-century operation of the ironworks. Renewed efforts to learn more about these poorly documented individuals and connect the site's untold past to present generations through heritage tourism, prompted reanalysis of the skeletons. Updated assessments of demography and pathology, along with new analyses including heavy metals and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, elucidate the life histories of these early laborers and their involvement in furnace operations. Some data derived from recent testing differentiate the Catoctin Furnace individuals from their plantation-based contemporaries in the mid-Atlantic, suggesting regional differences in diet and possible occupational exposure to toxins.


College and university students need a secure environment that fosters positive growth, with guidance from professionals who can prevent issues in the students' lives from inhibiting their development. Students are supported by staff members who provide comprehensive counseling and referral services that help them achieve their educational goals, strengthen their problem-solving skills, develop healthy relationships, and reach their full potential for continued growth after graduation.
The 36-credit-hour Master of Arts with a major in Counseling offers a specialization in Student Development Counseling and Administration. Upon degree completion, graduates will be prepared to utilize a student-centered approach in applying counseling skills and techniques in the field of student development. Participants will take advantage of Indiana Wesleyan University's innovative approach to college student development which includes the Center for Life Calling and Leadership, successful first-year program initiatives, and dynamic residence life, activity, and mentoring programs. Graduates will be qualified to serve in the higher education realm in areas such as residence life, student activities, career counseling, multicultural affairs, admissions, academic advising, financial aid, and mentoring.
Courses can be completed to earn a Master's in Student Development online or at our Marion or Indianapolis (West) campuses. Those pursing a certificate in Student Development and Counseling Administration may also complete their coursework online. Internships can be completed at the site of the student's choice.


Robobank Provides Bearish View of Fertilizer, with Exception of Urea
By Amanda Brodhagen, Farms.com
Rabobank published its most recent report on the global fertilizer industry, which forecasts oversupply through Q1, 2013, with the exception of urea. The bank predicts that global fertilizer will remain range-bound, with market fundamentals staying balanced through Q1.
The global trading of fertilizer was slow through Q4 2012, with price changes being mixed in fertilizer. However, demand on Q4 is typically lower due to factors such as seasonality. “Looking ahead, as agricultural markets are faced with the challenge of rebuilding global stocks next season, and given the precariously balanced fundamentals, global agri commodity prices are expected to remain at elevated levels in 2013,” says Rabobank analyst Dirk Jan Kennes. Urea global markets were high - but flat through Q4, 2012. On the demand side of the equation, Granular urea prices experienced a premium over prilled urea. Rabobank predicts that Q1 for urea will be largely driven by the Northern Hemisphere. Important markets to watch will be India and China.


If you are like most Iowa residents burdened by unmanageable debt, you have probably taken your struggle as an opportunity to plan your future. Whichever debt management strategy you choose might have a significant impact on your credit going forward. For example, bankruptcy carries a relatively lasting repercussion: Credit reporting companies may report bankruptcy data for ten years after your bankruptcy becomes official.
This ten-year duration begs the question of why you would want to declare bankruptcy in the first place. The answer to this common question might be divided into two parts.
First, bankruptcy remains a viable option because it does not preclude you from receiving loans. As explained by the Federal Trade Commission, a credit report score is simply a representation of your outlying debts and your available credit. Individual entities, such as banks or prospective employers are free to use information from your report in any way they choose. Common examples include:
Determining your credit card terms during the application process Approving you for a loan Deciding whether to accept you for a job opportunity
Damaged credit might factor into a decision, but it is typically not the only factor. Furthermore, bankruptcy is merely one aspect of these complicated reports.
The second part of the answer is that bankruptcy might prevent you from damaging your credit further. The FTC notes that certain types of loans might adversely affect your credit score, such as those issued by financing companies. It might require some serious calculations, but it could be worth it for you to establish and then compare long-term timetables for your debt management strategies. This process could be instrumental in determining which route helps you heal your credit more expeditiously. Please do not consider this article as legal advice— it is simply an introduction to the subject.


CLOUD COMPUTING.
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage and computing power, without direct active management by the user. The term is generally used to describe data centers available to many users over the Internet. Large clouds, predominant today, often have functions distributed over multiple locations from central servers. If the connection to the user is relatively close, it may be designated an edge server.
BACKUP & RECOVERY.
Backup and recovery describes the process of creating and storing copies of data that can be used to protect organizations against data loss. This is sometimes referred to as operational recovery. Recovery from a backup typically involves restoring the data to the original location, or to an alternate location where it can be used in place of the lost or damaged data.
A proper backup copy is stored in a separate system or medium, such as tape, from the primary data to protect against the possibility of data loss due to primary hardware or software failure.
IT SECURITY.
Information security, sometimes shortened to infosec, is the practice of protecting information by mitigating information risks. It is part of information risk management. It typically involves preventing or at least reducing the probability of unauthorized/inappropriate access, use, disclosure, disruption, deletion/destruction, corruption, modification, inspection, recording or devaluation, although it may also involve reducing the adverse impacts of incidents. This is largely achieved through a structured risk management process that involves:
– Identifying information and related assets, plus potential threats, vulnerabilities and impacts;
– Evaluating the risks; – D-eciding how to address or treat the risks i.e. to avoid, mitigate, share or accept them; – Where risk mitigation is required, selecting or designing appropriate security controls and implementing them; – Monitoring the activities, making adjustments as necessary to address any issues, changes and improvement opportunities. ON-GOING SUPPORT.
Depending on needs, support can be ongoing and indefinite, unless the employee is exited as independent. DES are contracted by the Government to provide support in employment. However, the ultimate goal is to facilitate the relationship between the employer and employee.


Advise the patient to avoid high-risk activities. Instructions include the following:
Avoid strenuous athletic activities, particularly those involving Valsalva maneuvers such as weight lifting.
Avoid playing woodwind instruments.
Avoid barotrauma from activities such as flying, parachuting, or scuba diving.
Maintain good asthma control. Ensure that influenza and pertussis vaccinations are current.
Avoid smoking and inhalation of illicit drugs.


All brands are born the same way: from a business idea. However, thriving brands are those which succeed in find what makes their idea different from the others and potentiate it.
Highlight the differential value presents the brand in an authentic way, allows people to engage easily with the product or service and offers a significant advantage over the competition. To reveal the differential value, each brand is shaped and visualized through analytical research, strategic insight and clever design.
Business attributes
Visual and verbal assets Strengths and weaknesses Industry territories Branding trends Target behaviours and needs Benchmarking against competitors Inspiring Brands Positioning possibilities Differentiation opportunities Short and long term goals Real assignments for the project
Used to create effective visual solutions that seizes differentiation opportunities.


Abstract
Macromonomers bearing a functional group exclusively at one end are often synthesized by terminating a living polymerization with a suitable agent, at the cost of one initiator molecule per chain. An attractive alternative is to use chain transfer to install the functional endgroup. Herein, polycyclopentene (PCP) bearing a single styryl endgroup is synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization with a well-defined Mo-based (Schrock) initiator, by employing divinylbenzene as a chain-transfer agent. High regioselectivity of the chain-transfer step, with minimal secondary metathesis of double bonds in the PCP backbone, is confirmed by mass spectral endgroup analysis. A styryl-functional PCP macromonomer copolymerizes effectively with styrene in a free-radical process (styrene reactivity ratio r
S ≈ 1.7), producing a comb copolymer with a polystyrene backbone and PCP "teeth". All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes Organic Chemistry Polymers and Plastics Inorganic Chemistry Materials Chemistry


Interruptions are inevitable in the clinical environment, and they have been linked to an increased risk of diagnostic errors by radiologists and medication administration errors by nurses. However, the effects of interruptions are not predictable and many interruptions are essential for proper patient care. Recognizing this, commentators have called for research to analyze the causes and effects of interruptions, rather than attempting to categorically prevent interruptions. This study, conducted in an academic emergency department, contributes to our understanding of how interruptions influence patient care by examining the effect of interruptions on several specific nursing tasks. Interventions that were interrupted took longer than uninterrupted tasks, and interruptions were a significant contributor to overall nursing workload. Patients and families were the most frequent source of interruptions, demonstrating that simply implementing interventions to prevent interruptions could cause unintended consequences. The state of patient safety in the emergency department, including the role of interruptions, is discussed in a past AHRQ WebM&M perspective.


There’s already been some pundits claiming autocratic countries have been handling the pandemic better than democratic countries. This piece on the website for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace argues differently. It’s worth reading, but a key part of the piece is this:
Despite attempts by politicians to use the crisis to tout their favored political model, the record so far does not show a strong correlation between efficacy and regime type. While some autocracies have performed well, like Singapore, others have done very poorly, like Iran. Similarly, some democracies have stumbled, like Italy and the United States, while others have performed admirably, like South Korea and Taiwan. The disease has not yet ravaged developing countries, making it impossible to include poorer autocracies and democracies in the comparison.
Keep this in mind, especially afterwards, when writers and authorities argue that we need more controls on people to fight future pandemics.


By Daniel Dunaief
We pack our cars, suitcases and purses. We bring cameras, camcorders, extra batteries, chargers and cards filled with positive messages and gifts.
At this time of year, we bear witness to the conclusion of one educational course — primary, middle or high school, college or even graduate school — as we and the graduate prepare for the next step.
In between bites from the buffet, we pause for proud pictures with the graduate and we share our admiration for what he or she has accomplished even as we anticipate the next adventure.
Most of these ceremonies involve walking, sitting, standing and cheering, eating and driving. The action takes a backseat to the words and sentiment that mark the occasion. The graduation speakers offer personal anecdotes and words of wisdom, even as they recognize that short speeches, particularly for those eager to fill an empty stomach or discharge a full bladder, are a welcome part of the day.
While we’re milling around, we have ample opportunities to impart our own wisdom, to share encouraging words and to provide the kind of tailwind that accelerates the next phase of life.
So, what do we say? Did we pack our belongings, but neglect to choose from the wealth of words that can fill a sail with air, that can help us feel capable of defying gravity, that can enable us to see through this moment to a magnificent future?
How often do we watch an interview with someone who has accomplished the unimaginable, who doesn’t know what to say or who is it at a loss for words when someone shoves a microphone in that person’s direction?
We have time to consider the right words, to be supportive, and to make our trip to another state or another school meaningful, even if the graduate is too close to the focal point of his or her life to know how to react to the torrent of feelings and thoughts.
We can rely on a Hallmark card, a Thesaurus or a set of clichés to share our thoughts, or we can take a moment to find the right words, in between all our packing, our search for the right gift and our purchasing plane tickets.
Someday, a daughter graduate may be sitting on a plane heading for a meeting in Salt Lake City and may wonder how she got there and whether she can succeed in the next phase. Maybe she’ll recall the moment you took her aside, placed your hand on her shoulder, smiled in her eyes and suggested she paved her own path with perspiration — if she appreciates alliteration.
She may recall how you enveloped her hand in yours when you reminded her that everything, even a moment of weakness, provides opportunities for the next success. Perfection, she’ll recall as she remembers how you accidentally spit on her cheek when you started to speak, isn’t about the perfect achievement but about the perfect effort.
She will recall the moment you told her how much she inspired you with her awareness of the needs of others and with her grace under pressure.
If your graduate is anything like the ones in my family, for whom skepticism and cynicism hover nearby, he or she may roll their eyes and search for a phone to text a friend to ask if the recipient of the message can believe what you just said.
Someday, the graduate or that friend may borrow a word, phrase or idea from the ones you shared, providing fuel to a tank that seemed empty and converting the next impossible task into a reality.


In a previous blog post, we mentioned the possibility of amendments to Florida’s direct file system, which would potentially narrow the range of juvenile offenses eligible for trial as an adult offender. This proposed amendment, along with a proposed bill aimed at increasing eligibility for records expungement, sit atop the Legislature’s docket for the upcoming sessions – prompting many to reconsider the plight of young offenders charged with crimes, which is a potentially life-altering experience.
Citing the sheer immaturity of many juvenile offenders, advocates for this demographic reiterate the realistic effects of teenage indiscretions on offenders’ ability to obtain housing, employment and education later. Accordingly, lawmakers are making strides toward equalizing the playing field for many of Florida’s juvenile offenders while ensuring that punitive measures are, in fact, consistent with the crime committed – and not unintentionally burdensome through adulthood.
Expungement Reform
Expungement is a process through which a former offender may apply to have his or her criminal record removed from permanent record. Currently, there are a number of legal hurdles and obstacles awaiting anyone wishing to expunge a juvenile criminal record, and a high number of applications are denied each year. Moreover, anyone seeking an expungement – which is often necessary to seek enrollment in a college or university – must wait until they are at least 24 years old, making the process additionally (unnecessarily) burdensome for those wishing to move past their arrest and conviction.
Under the proposed reforms, the age at which a former offender may seek expunction would be reduced from 24 to 21. The process would still only be reserved for non-habitual, non-violent offenders, but would allow young adults the opportunity to advance in life toward academic and career goals much faster than would otherwise be possible.
Proponents of the changes also point out the positive effect of expungement for those children who live in Florida’s foster care system, noting that a significant portion of these children commit juvenile indiscretions as early as 10 or 11 years of age. By 18, these same children are often looking to enroll in college or the military, and could be unduly hindered by mistakes made years prior.
Expungements are currently obtained through the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE). Some former juvenile offenders are eligible for expungement upon completion of a diversion program. Others must obtain a Certificate of Eligibility from FDLE stating that the applicant is statutorily eligible for expungement. In either event, the applicant must gain ultimate approval for expungement by petitioning the court to enter an order as such – which may be denied at the discretion of the judge.
Contact a Sarasota Juvenile Attorney for Help Today!
If you are considering an expungement or would like to discuss your rights following a recent criminal charge, please contact the Fowler Law Group today: 941-404-8909.
Hear What Our Clients Have To Say HAVE YOU RECENTLY FACED LEGAL ISSUES? WE CAN HELP!
Fowler Law Group proudly represents the citizens of Sarasota and Manatee Counties as well as the surrounding Tampa Bay area. Our experienced team will help guide you through the judicial process and answer all of your questions with honesty and integrity. We understand the important nature of your call, and we will strive to return all calls within 24 hours. Contact us today by completing our online form or calling us at 941-404-8909.


The value of global textile and apparel exports totalled USD $736 billion in 2015, according to the latest World Trade Statistical Review 2016 by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Specifically,
A Dutch initiative, the Circle Textile Program aims to transform the textile industry into a ‘zero-waste’ industry by addressing all the loopholes around post-consumer textiles. This program has been conceived


An update for members on the Academy’s work on licensure, particularly in Florida, since the most recent communication on July 28.
An update for members on the Academy’s work on licensure, particularly in Florida, since the most recent communication on July 28.
07/28/2020 - On June 30, Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis signed a bill updating the state's Dietetics and Nutrition Practice Act, aligning it more closely with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' Model Practice Act.
07/06/2020 - The bill updates Florida’s dietetics licensure law to align more closely to the Academy’s Model Practice Act.
03/12/2020 - The Florida Senate and House have passed amended legislation that maintains professional competencies of health care practitioners with expertise in nutrition care services.
01/13/2020 - New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy signed into law the strongest, most comprehensive nutrition and dietetics licensure bill in a generation.
11/19/2019 - The New Jersey Senate Committee on Commerce unanimously passed S2625, which will be voted on by the full state senate later this year.
09/11/2019 - Earlier this week, the New Jersey Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics announced its launch of a virtual water drive to benefit Newark residents.
07/19/2019 - The lawsuit challenging the Florida Dietetics and Nutrition Practice Act in the United States District Court in the Northern District of Florida Pensacola Division would have had a dire impact on our profession.
03/27/2019 - The Academy's online licensure map now provides registered dietitian nutritionists with additional information to facilitate their practice across state lines.
02/13/2019 - Proposed legislation in Missouri, Montana and North Dakota would eliminate states' ability to to require that providers of nutrition care services have the necessary education and training to provide them.
02/04/2019 - The Academy has joined other organizations in a national campaign to address state-level policies for obesity care including access to nutrition counseling, medications and surgical treatment.
11/19/2018 - The Council of the District of Columbia amended its licensure law to enable the Board of Dietetics and Nutrition to add new members and clarify the necessary qualifications.
07/30/2018 - A new regulation in the state of Tennessee will enable registered dietitian nutritionists to order therapeutic diets in hospitals.
06/15/2018 - The Modernize Dietetics/Nutrition Practice Act passed the North Carolina legislature on June 14, providing additional opportunities for RDNs to practice at the height of their scope of practice.
11/21/2017 - The Cook County Board of Commissioners passed a resolution honoring the Academy's Centennial.


LAS VEGAS — If a newborn girl develops vesicles or pustules over the trunk and extremities, think incontinentia pigmenti, Dr. Moise L. Levy said at meeting sponsored by the American Academy of Pediatrics' California Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the AAP.
“With incontinentia pigmenti you'll have a staged eruption, with vesicles or pustules at the time of birth within the first weeks, followed by more warty or verrucous papules,” said Dr. Levy, professor of dermatology and pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.
By the first year of life a swirling gray-brown hyperpigmentation develops. “This is due to incontinence of pigment,” he explained. “Melanin has dropped out of the basal layer of epidermis into the upper dermis.” The condition occurs primarily in females and is marked by staged cutaneous eruptions.
“You should regard it as a potentially neurocutaneous syndrome,” said Dr. Levy, also chief of the dermatology service at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston. “Eosinophilia can be seen during stage 1, which is the vesicular stage.”
The gene for incontinentia pigmenti has been mapped to Xq28. Deletions at this site cause mutations in NF-kB essential modulator (NEMO), which governs a variety of inflammatory and immune responses. These mutations can lead to skin lesions, vascular anomalies, and immune dysfunction.
Dr. Levy noted that 80% of incontinentia pigmenti cases are caused by mutations in NEMO. Management of the skin lesions is generally supportive. Careful ophthalmologic and neurologic follow-up is indicated in some cases.
At the meeting, Dr. Levy also discussed the clinical signs of another skin defect that can affect newborns: aplasia cutis congenita. This condition is marked by focal congenital skin defects that most often appear on the scalp or face. It also can occur along the temporal area, a version known as focal facial dermal hypoplasia.
Aplasia cutis congenita is “rarely on the trunk or extremities, though this can happen anywhere,” he said. “The etiologies are really varied and may include vascular insufficiency, intrauterine infections, and amniotic membranes. On the scalp, this might be due to defects of closure.”
In your work-up, consider these malformation syndromes that may be associated with aplasia cutis congenita: Opitz syndrome, Adams-Oliver syndrome, Trisomy 13–15 syndrome, 4p syndrome, Johanson-Blizzard syndrome, and Xp22 microdeletion.
Some cases of aplasia cutis congenita will have a so-called hair collar sign, which is a ring of dark hair that often surrounds a scalp lesion. The hair collar sign “suggests cranial dysraphism, especially with overlying vascular malformation.”


An Annapolis Psychiatrist Offers a Comprehensive Guide on Manic Behavior
The term “mania” can refer to a couple of different things. Some people use it when referring to someone with an obsession or excessive enthusiasm toward something. For example, someone could have a “mania” for superhero films. Other times, “mania” refers to temporary periods of euphoria and delusions. In the second case, these manic episodes are often associated with bipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder is a serious mental health disorder that includes episodes of extreme euphoria as well as periods of extreme depression. People with bipolar disorder might have trouble maintaining relationships or managing a stable work life. But it is possible to manage these symptoms and lead a normal life. An Annapolis psychiatrist from the Psych Associates of Maryland explores this mental health disorder in our latest blog post.
When people think of bipolar disorder, common symptoms of mania and depression often come to mind. Unfortunately, this disorder is often misunderstood by people. They might believe that having bipolar disorder involves being moody or temperamental. If a friend is having a bad day and is acting ornery, someone might be inclined to say, “Ugh, they’re so bipolar!”
But the disorder goes much deeper than that. Both manic and depressive episodes can last for weeks and have devastating effects on one’s life. Let’s explore the complexities and challenges of this disorder together.
As we mentioned before, bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood shifts. The frequency of these mood swings varies among patients. Some people rarely experience mood swings while others deal with them several times a year.
Symptoms of a manic episode include:
Unfortunately, this manic period doesn’t last forever. At some point, you will come down and experience a depressive episode. While the number of episodes you experience may vary, you’ll experience a depressive episode at some point if you have bipolar disorder. Symptoms of a depressive episode include:
Some people wonder if it is possible to prevent manic episodes altogether. While there’s no magical medicine or tried and true practice that comes with a 100% guarantee for prevention, there are numerous steps you can take to identify the early warning signs of a manic episode and try to prevent it. This includes:
Dealing with the effects of a manic episode can be difficult. You might have hurt your loved ones, taken unwise financial risks, and compromised your career. Having a strong support system will be crucial during the aftermath of your episode. If you have a mental health therapist, they will also play a large role in your recovery.
When it comes to managing your bipolar disorder, you can’t do it alone. That’s why it’s crucial for you to seek medical attention if you believe you might have the disorder. Your primary care physician can refer you to a mental health specialist who can craft a treatment plan for you. They might also prescribe medication for you. As your treatment progresses, your psychiatric care provider might make some changes or adjustments to it. Therefore, checking in with them on a regular basis will be important.
If you or someone you know is struggling with symptoms of bipolar disorder, know that there is help out there. Our team of Annapolis psychiatrists at the Psych Associates of Maryland is ready to help you or your loved one. Our services include psychotherapy, medication management, telehealth services, TMS, ABA, and psychological testing. Start taking back control of your mental health and contact the team today for more information.
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Abstract
How does foreign support for separatists influence conflict escalation with the central government? What types of miscalculations over foreign support encourage separatists to take risky gambles and lead to surprising losses? Existing research indicates that armed non-state actors may initiate or escalate conflict with the central government when existing or anticipated gains in foreign support favorably alters their likelihood for success. This article sheds light on an additional but equally important catalyst for conflict escalation: rebel, or separatist, beliefs about net losses of foreign support in their gamble for more autonomy. Even if groups have perfect information on potential gains in foreign support, miscalculations over potential losses can also lead to risky gambles. To illustrate the distinction between separatist miscalculations over gains and losses in foreign support, this paper compares two episodes of Iraqi Kurdish escalation: the 1991 uprising against Saddam Hussein in the aftermath of the Gulf War, and the 2017 independence referendum after three years of war against the Islamic State. While the former case is a classic example of escalation based on miscalculating gains in foreign support, the latter case represents a miscalculation over potential losses of foreign support in response to the vote.
ASJC Scopus subject areas Cultural Studies History Political Science and International Relations


Abstract
Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human motor cortex results in consecutive facilitatory motor-evoked potential (MEP) peaks in surface electromyography in intact humans. Here, we tested the effect of an incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) on early (first) and late (second and third) MEP peaks in a resting intrinsic finger muscle. We found that all peaks had decreased amplitude in SCI subjects compared with controls. The second and third peaks were delayed with the third peak also showing an increased duration. The delay of the third peak was smaller than that seen in controls at lower stimulation intensity, suggesting lesser influence of decreased corticospinal inputs. A mathematical model showed that after SCI the third peak aberrantly contributed to spinal motoneurone recruitment, regardless on the motor unit threshold tested. Temporal and spatial aspects of the late peaks correlated with MEP size and hand motor output. Thus, early and late TMS-induced MEP peaks undergo distinct modulation after SCI, with the third peak likely reflecting a decreased ability to summate descending volleys at the spinal level. We argue that the later corticospinal inputs on the spinal cord might be crucial for recruitment of motoneurones after human SCI.
Keywords corticospinal volleys primary motor cortex spinal cord injury transcranial magnetic stimulation voluntary movement ASJC Scopus subject areas Cognitive Neuroscience Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience


The lowdown on resuscitation in Nevada
If you have had a loved one with a terminal condition or have watched some medical dramas on TV, you may have heard the term “DNR,” an acronym for Do Not Resuscitate. A DNR directs emergency medical personnel not to use resuscitation efforts (e.g., CPR, defibrillation, intubation, etc.) to revive a terminally ill individual, generally where it would only serve to prolong the person’s suffering. Without a DNR, emergency personnel have a legal duty to try to resuscitate you. Only a valid DNR relieves them of that duty.
In Nevada, “qualified patients” may obtain a DNR if a doctor certifies that the person suffers from a terminal condition and the person submits an application to the board of health. If approved, the person is issued a DNR identification card. However, the card is only helpful if emergency personnel are aware of it.
Some use DNR bracelets, necklaces and even tattoos to advise emergency responders that they have a DNR card, which they might carry in their purse or wallet. Medical personnel are required to honor a valid DNR.
Some people mistakenly believe DNRs, health care powers of attorney, and living wills (advance physician directives) are one and the same. However, while they are all related to your healthcare desires, each generally serves a different function. For example, health care powers of attorney and living wills address the withdrawal of life sustaining treatments but normally do not directly address emergency resuscitation.
Those wanting to avoid resuscitation efforts should discuss their wishes with family members, care providers, and close friends who can help inform emergency personnel or provide the DNR card if the need arises. Finally, obtaining a DNR does not invalidate life insurance and a DNR can be revoked at any time.
Bo Bingham lives in Mesquite and is an attorney with Bingham Snow & Caldwell. He is licensed to practice in Nevada, Arizona and Utah. He can be reached at 702-346-7300, bo@binghamsnow.com , or at 840 Pinnacle Ct., Ste. 202 in Mesquite.


Powering down key components and sending out a highly qualified engineer to connect/disconnect safety equipment is a lengthy, complex and expensive process. It also presents a risk to your workers and assets as engineers are entering hazardous environments to open the junction box, exposing other connections to contaminants, such as sea water and construction dust.
Our Ex connectors’ rear-loading assembly system allows complete cable termination in just a few minutes and requires no proprietary tools or equipment, resulting in massively increased uptime for rigs, key oil and gas machinery and temporary equipment.
In addition to gas detectors, we have developed a unique particulate monitoring system that uses lab-grade precision laser technology to accurately and continuously identify multiple hazardous particulates of different sizes. This includes construction dust, cement dust, respirable crystalline silica dust (RSC) – checked in real-time by a dust monitor that delivers incredible accuracy even in heavy dust loads, and which requires no pumps or filters to operate.
The Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence are set to transform safety standards in hazardous environments. How can new, innovative monitoring equipment support the new, data driven, real-time management of employee well-being? Download our eBook to find out!


Phoenix-Mesa, AZ – Prolonged and intense combat have increased the severity of harm done to U.S. soldiers, and the November 2010 issue of Arizona Attorney magazine features stories that explore how lawyers and judges are assisting those who have served in harm’s way.
Arizona Attorney’s special section “Homeland Justice for Veterans” includes stories that explore efforts to launch a specialized court dedicated to veterans and their needs. The first article was written by Craig Logsdon and Michelle Keogh, attorneys in the criminal defense group at Snell & Wilmer LLP.
Logsdon and Keogh chronicle a veteran’s struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its effects on his civilian life in the article “Uncommon Criminals: Why Veterans Need Their Own Court.” It leads the reader on a journey from a veteran’s time on the battlefield to the legal challenges he faces due to criminal activity attributed to his war-related PTSD. It also dissects the current justice system, reveals its disconnect with veterans, and argues why a veterans court would work.
Arizona Attorney magazine is available for free to anyone online by visiting the magazine homepage at http://www.myazbar.org/azattorney/ and clicking on the image of the magazine cover.
The second article, written by Nicole Kasem and lawyer Jon Paladini, reports on the State Bar of Arizona’s commitment to addressing the legal needs of veterans through the creation of its Military Legal Assistance Committee. It is led by attorney Gregg Maxon, a retired Army General.
In the final article, Steve Gonzales, Associate Professor of Law and the Director of Experiential Learning at the Phoenix School of Law, announces two new programs housed at the law school aimed at helping veterans-the Veterans Legal Assistance Clinic and the Veterans Tax Clinic.
“Veterans have always deserved our country’s best efforts when they return stateside,” said Tim Eigo, Arizona Attorney Editor. “Conflicts in recent years have heightened the number and severity of their injuries, and the legal community is doing what it can to assist those who have served.”
The striking art for the cover and feature stories was created by nationally renowned artist Val Bochkov. It was commissioned by Arizona Attorney magazine to illustrate the November issue’s veteran-related stories.
Arizona Attorney magazine is published 11 times per year by the State Bar of Arizona. It provides articles on substantive legal issues, professional trends and feature profiles.
The State Bar of Arizona is a non-profit organization that operates under the supervision of the Arizona Supreme Court. The Bar includes approximately 16,000 active attorneys and provides education and development programs for the legal profession and the public. Since 1933 the Bar and its members have been committed to serving the public by making sure the voices of all people in Arizona are heard in our justice system.
Source:
http://www.1888pressrelease.com/veterans-court/military-legal-assistance/campaign-to-create-veterans-court-the-focus-of-november-2010-pr-255865.html
http://www.azbar.org/


Overview
Food security analysis for rural populations dependent on Belg pastoral and agro-pastoral areas, conducted in seven regions of Ethiopia, indicates that, despite ongoing Humanitarian Food Assistance (HFA), an estimated 8.5 million people (21% of the 41 million people analysed) are highly acute food insecure in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or higher between July and September 2020. Of these, about 7.1 million people were classified in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) and about 1.4 million people in Emergency (IPC Phase 4).
Between October and December 2020, Ethiopia’s food security situation is likely to improve slightly due to the seasonal (Meher) harvests. However, below-average Belg season production, due to desert locust infestation, poor rainfall performance in localized areas, conflict & climate-induced displacement and high food prices fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic, will likely result in around 6.7 million people in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or higher, despite planned and funded humanitarian response.
Between January and June 2021, households relying on pastoral livelihoods typically depend on markets for food during this period. With food inflation at around 24% in July 2020, prices are expected to remain higher than previous years during the lean season, affecting market access. While safety nets are expected during this period, the analysis could not include HFA because it is yet to be planned. About 11.1 million people are expected to be in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or higher.
Key Drivers
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Over time, the well-being of Calgary and area’s Indigenous population has been negatively impacted by political, social, and economic policies and practices, resulting in suppressed Indigenous culture, identity, and spirituality. This has created trauma spanning multiple generations, creating serious repercussions for Indigenous people and limiting the inclusivity of the place we call home.
Our city thrives when Indigenous people and their culture are acknowledged, celebrated, and included in the growth and development of our communities. That’s why the Natoo’si Indigenous Healing and Well-being Initiative emerged in mid-2015—to address intergenerational trauma as a root cause of the challenges many Indigenous people in our city face. The programs supported through this initiative offer comprehensive healing approaches that strengthen Indigenous cultural identity and engage individuals and families on a healing path.


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Using longitudinal data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, our findings suggest that first-generation students are at a significant disadvantage across cognitive and psychosocial outcomes compared to students whose parents have at least some postsecondary education. Furthermore, we tested for the conditional effects of good practices on first-year outcomes and found that effects of good practices on both cognitive and psychosocial outcomes differed in magnitude, and sometimes in direction, for first-generation versus non-first-generation students.


Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Aims and objectives: To explore nurse–patient interactions in relation to the mobilisation of nonsedated and awake, mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Background: Lighter sedation has enabled the early mobilisation of mechanically ventilated patients, but little is known about the nurses' role and interaction with critically ill patients in relation to mobilisation. Design and methods: The study had a qualitative design using an ethnographic approach within the methodology of interpretive description. Data were generated in two intensive care units in Denmark, where a strategy of no sedation was applied. Participant observation was conducted during 58 nurse–patient interactions in relation to mobilisation between nurses (n = 44) and mechanically ventilated patients (n = 25). We conducted interviews with nurses (n = 16) and patients (n = 13) who had been mechanically ventilated for at least 3 days. The data were analysed using inductive, thematic analysis. The report of the study adhered to the COREQ checklist. Finding: We identified three themes: “Diverging perspectives on mobilisation” showed that nurses had a long-term and treatment-oriented perspective on mobilisation, while patients had a short-term perspective and regarded mobilisation as overwhelming in their present situation. “Negotiation about mobilisation” demonstrated how patients actively negotiated the terms of mobilisation with the nurse. “Inducing hope through mobilisation” captured how nurses encouraged mobilisation by integrating aspects of the patient's daily life as a way to instil hope for the future. Conclusions: Exploring the nurse–patient interactions illustrated that mobilisation is more than physical activity. Mobilisation is accomplished through nurse–patient collaborations as a negotiated, complex and meaningful achievement, which is driven by the logic of care, leading to hope for the future. Relevance to clinical practice: The study demonstrated the important role of nurses in achieving mobilisation in collaboration and through negotiation with mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit.
Original language English Journal Journal of Clinical Nursing Volume 28 Issue 11-12 Pages (from-to) 2329-2339 Number of pages 11 ISSN 0962-1067 DOIs Publication status Published - 2019
ID: 127850752


We often talk about the importance of planning for pregnancy. In these discussions, we emphasize the importance of supplementation with folic acid as a means of decreasing risk for birth defects and improving neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. A recent study indicates that adequate levels of iron may also play an important role in fetal brain development and that children born to mothers with anemia during pregnancy may have worse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Using data from the Stockholm Youth Cohort, Swedish researchers evaluated 532,232 children born between January 1, 1987 and December 31, 2010, with follow-up of the children in health registers through 2016. They looked at the association between anemia in the mother (recorded at ? 30 weeks or > 30 weeks) and risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intellectual disability (ID) in their children.
ASD, ADHD, and ID were more commonly reported among children born to mothers with anemia within the first 30 weeks of pregnancy compared with mothers diagnosed with anemia later in pregnancy (4.9% vs. 3.8% for ASD, 9.3% vs. 7.2% for ADHD, 3.1% vs.1.1% for ID). The results were similar when women with anemia were compared to mothers without anemia (4.9% vs. 3.5% for ASD, 9.3% vs. 7.1% for ADHD, 3.1% vs.1.3% for ID).
After controlling for potential confounders, researchers observed that anemia diagnosed during the first 30 weeks of pregnancy but not later was associated with increased risk of diagnosis of ASD (odds ratio [OR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.13-1.84), ADHD (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.14-1.64), and ID (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.61-3.01). While the risk of these disorders is elevated, it is important to note that the absolute increase in risk is relatively small.
Although maternal anemia may be associated with other factors associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes (i.e., malnutrition, inadequate prenatal care, poor adherence to prenatal vitamins), the researchers attempted to control for these factors. They hypothesize that iron deficiency anemia disrupts fetal brain development, noting that iron is essential for processes including myelination, dendrite arborization, and synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters.
Given the prevalence of anemia in women of childbearing age, this study underscores the importance of consistent prenatal care and the usage of prenatal vitamins containing iron. It should be noted that not all prenatal vitamins contain the US recommended daily allowance (RDA) of iron (27 mg/day). Some women, including African-American women, vegetarians, and those with intestinal disorders and other chronic illnesses, are at higher risk for iron-deficiency anemia and should talk to their physician about iron supplementation during pregnancy,
Ruta Nonacs, MD PhD
Association of Prenatal Maternal Anemia With Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
Wiegersma AM, Dalman C, Lee BK, Karlsson H, Gardner RM. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019 Sep 18:1-12.
Does maternal anemia affect fetal neurodevelopment? (Contemporary OB/GYN)
Anemia in Early Pregnancy Linked to Autism, ADHD, Intellectual Disability in Kids (Medscape – free subscription)
Could Mom’s Anemia Hurt Baby’s Brain? (Medpage Today)
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Nitric Oxide Ultra (Pure Encapsulations) SKU:
Nitric oxide expands the blood vessels, increasing blood flow and decreasing plaque growth and blood clotting. Viagra and other drugs like it, reduce erectile dysfunction by working on the nitric oxide pathway.
Healthy Blood Flow: Nitric Oxide Ultra offers a unique blend of cranberry and grape seed extracts combined with citrulline to support blood flow. These well-researched extracts blend to support nitric oxide production and healthy blood flow. Provides Antioxidants: Nitric Oxide Ultra contains CranLoad, which delivers a unique cranberry and grape seed blend that has been the subject of several trials. Vascular Support: Nitric Oxide Ultra contains CranLoad to offer vascular support, as well as heavy flow-mediated dilation.
Taurine is included for its multifaceted vascular support properties. Research suggests that taurine promotes vascular cell health, cytokine balance, and nitric oxide production. In a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial, supplementation with taurine for two weeks promoted arterial flexibility and flow-mediated dilation.
Magnesium promotes healthy blood flow by supporting nitric oxide production, calcium channel activity and endothelial function.
Ascorbic acid is included to enhance nitric oxide activity and provide blood vessel endothelial antioxidant protection.


PTSD can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, but symptoms must be present for months or years. Therapy can help with identifying and managing triggers.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can affect people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. Such triggering events may include war/combat, rape or other physical abuse, natural diasters, terrorist acts, or a serious accident. Common symptoms include nightmares, severe anxiety, flashbacks of the event, and uncomfortable thoughts. It is normal and expected for people who experience a traumatic event to have temporary symptoms that improve with time. However, PTSD may be diagnosed when symptoms persist for months or even years, worsen over time, and if normal everyday functioning is impacted. Additional conditions may accompany PTSD, such as depression, substance use, memory problems and other mental health and physical problems.
TREATMENT
More than three million people are diagnosed with PTSD in the U.S. every year and women are twice as likely to suffer from PTSD than men. Treatment has proven effective in reducing symptoms and improving function, and can include psychotherapy and medication, such as antidepressants, to manage symptoms. Talk therapy may include educating the patient on their symptoms, and helping identify what triggers symptoms as well as teaching skills to manage them.


The Thang Long Entrepreneur Gala 2020, an annual event to honor outstanding enterprises and entrepreneurs in Hanoi, is set to take place on October 24 at the Hanoi Opera House, according to the Hanoi Association of Small and Medium Enterprises (Hanoisme).
The Thang Long Entrepreneur Gala 2019.
The Gala is part of a number of events celebrating the upcoming 13th national Party Congress, the successful conclusion of Hanoi’s 17th Party Congress, Hanoi’s Liberation Day (October 10), the 1,010th anniversary of Thang Long – Hanoi, and 25th anniversary of the establishment of Hanoisme.
This year, over 200 enterprises representing nearly 290,000 from Hanoi’s business community would be recognized by leaders of the government and the city for their outstanding contributions to the process of socio-economic development.
The ceremony also offers an opportunity for enterprises to discuss business strategies and measures for sustainable development.
In the January – September period, nearly 20,000 enterprises were established in Hanoi with a combined registered capital of VND260.8 trillion (US$11.28 billion).
This year, Hanoi targets 30,000 newly established enterprises, representing an 11% increase from 27,000 in the previous year, which remains one of the city’s main priorities set by the Hanoi People’s Committee for rest of the year.


Education: Institutions are facing multiple challenges
In every market, they are expected to embrace new technologies, respond to changing consumer preferences, and manage increasing globalization—while delivering better student outcomes. Is it possible to navigate these often competing demands while fulfilling their core missions?
Market entry strategy
Wide range of options exists for companies to enter a new market and to develop successful long-term presence.


This object is in collection Description Abstract: The study of civic engagement is complex and continues to evolve. Desired outcomes of civic engagement are well-framed within the Positive Youth Development (PYD) perspective, a strength-based approach to understanding youth development derived from relational developmental systems theory (RDST). However, less is known about the psychological identity processes that might lead to civic e... read more


Project ARTiculate is an arts integrated cross-curricular mural program developed by Side x Side to strategically serve youth across all three Portland middle schools during a pivotal developmental time. Creating site-based murals provides an opportunity for students to acquire and demonstrate the 21st Century skills of collaboration, creativity, and critical thinking while addressing core content, leadership, student empowerment, and school culture. This program was funded through generous grants from the Lennox, Horizon, and Cabin Foundations and made possible by Side x Side teaching artists Laurie Downey and Ryan Adams.
During the 2019-2020 school year, seventh graders at King Middle School collaborated with Side x Side teaching artist Laurie Downey to create a mural during a “Pathway to the Plate and Beyond” expedition. Using Project Journals to gather written and visual information, students conducted research on how we grow and transport food. They met with local organizations involved in food security, composting, and community gardens to follow food beyond the plate, and conducted an extensive study of plate waste at their school. Each student contributed to the mural by transferring research, drawings, and text onto the mural panels, resulting in an informative art piece installed in the cafeteria that addresses our food systems, consumption, and waste.
Eighth graders at Lyman Moore Middle School participated in a mural program addressing the questions, “Who am I? Who are we?” Students used writing, poetry, and design to explore what it means to be an individual and a member of the school community. Led by Side x Side teaching artist Ryan Adams, students learned about street art and community engagement. Combining the expertise of a professional artist with class comments, public messaging, and creative writing, they produced a collaborative mural for the entryway of the school illustrating the culture and inclusivity at Lyman Moore Middle School, a welcoming legacy by the eighth grade class.
Seventh graders at Lincoln Middle School participated in a program led by Side x Side teaching artist Laurie Downey, integrating art into their science unit. Students used Project Journals, a method of visual research, to record data on species diversity in birds, arthropods, and mollusks. They learned key observational drawing techniques while using local taxidermy mounts on loan from Maine Audubon highlighting necessary survival adaptations. Although disrupted by the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic and resulting school closures, Laurie Downey was able to pivot to remote learning by creating digital mock-ups for the mural using student journal entries.


Abstract
The Lusi mud eruption in East Java continues unabated after more than a decade of activity as a pulsating geyser system bursting mud, clasts, water, and gas. The origin of the fluids and their properties at depth are not well constrained, thus hampering our understanding and modelling of the system. Previous geochemical and geophysical studies show that Lusi is a sediment-hosted hydrothermal system with two sources of mud at depths between 0.3-2 km and another between 3.5-4.75 km. Here, we present results of mineral thermometry using Raman spectroscopy and chlorite composition on clasts erupted at Lusi. The results show that some of these specimens originate from the two main fluid sources, and at depths consistent with the geochemical and geophysical interpretation. Two main clast lithotypes erupt at Lusi. The first lithotype is a light grey shale returned to the surface from the Upper Kalibeng Formation (the primary mud source) and equilibrated at temperatures below 200 °C. The second lithotype is a black shale, whose source is the Ngimbang Formation at >3800 m depth. Two distinct temperature clusters are recorded in these black shales: one at 179 ± 17 °C, consistent with the temperature estimate at 3800 m depth with the pre-eruption geothermal gradient, while younger minerals in the same specimen recorded substantial anomalous heating at ∼250 °C. These high temperatures indicate interaction with a heat source associated with the eruption through mixing with hydrothermal fluids. This temperature jump suggests rapid heating at ∼4000 m depth, consistent with a scenario of a magmatic intrusion and hydrothermal fluids circulation. This rapid and significant temperature increase would initiate devolatilisation reactions of hydrous minerals within the deep sedimentary package and generate substantial (highly overpressured) fluids at depths significantly below the main source of erupted mud. We infer that reactive and thermal pressurisation led to a deep and metastable system susceptible to e.g. seismic activity ultimately opening fluid pathways towards the surface along the Watukosek fault system. The two temperatures clusters recorded in the clasts show that conductive heat flow was the dominant heat transport prior to the eruption, while the system is now driven by large-scale convection and advective heat transport. The Lusi eruption occurred in a highly populated area forcing the evacuation of several tens of thousands of people. This system appears unstoppable and poses a real and present hazard for the settlements still surrounding the eruption site. Continuous research is necessary to understand this spectacular phenomenon, both for its important scientific relevance, and the societal impact of this natural disaster.


Explore the measures used to assess diverse aspects of cognition within and across five British birth cohort studies
This guide was created as part of CLOSER Work Package 19: Assessment and harmonisation of cognitive measures in British birth cohorts.
Introduction Explore the measures by life stage Explore the measures by cohort study 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS) 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) Further information Acknowledgements and copyright information for this guide References for this guide Download the full guide as a PDF
Note the information in this guide is valid as of January 2020.
To cite the guide, please use the following suggested citation:
Moulton, V., McElroy, E., Richards, M., Fitzsimons, E., Northstone, K., Conti, G., Ploubidis, G.B., Sullivan, A., & O’Neill, D. (2020). A guide to the cognitive measures in five British birth cohort studies. London, UK: CLOSER.


Review of Research on Conveying Risk Information Presented During the Informed Consent Process
AUTHOR/FUNDING INFORMATION:
Dr. Rector is part of the HSR&D Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research in Minneapolis.
BACKGROUND:
A significant concern in research ethics is whether prospective research participants are given adequate information about the potential risks of research participation during the informed consent process. Moreover, words commonly used in the process may be ambiguous. Words such as “rarely” and “possible” are used to describe the possibility that participants might experience adverse effects during the study intervention; however these words are open to interpretation. One study indicated that patients thought “rare” deaths would be significantly less likely than “rare” pneumonia following surgery. Other studies raise concerns about people’s ability to comprehend numbers. For example, a survey of older female veterans showed that nearly half could not convert 1% to 10 in 1000. The author reviews several studies to assess whether or not informed consent language adequately communicates risk to participants.
FINDINGS:
Whether numeric or word formats lead to better decisions about participation in research is largely unknown. A few small studies indicate that using numbers rather than words to communicate the likelihood of adverse outcomes can make a difference, and suggest that many people prefer the chances of adverse effects be expressed in numerical terms.
The author recommends minimizing probabilistic words (e.g., “rarely,” “possible”) and encourages the use of simple frequencies with common denominators (e.g., “one out of 100 people”).
The findings from this review are insufficient to formulate guidance but confirm the need for additional research on conveying risk information to study participants during the informed consent process.
Rector, T. How Should We Communicate the Likelihood of Risks to Inform Decisions about Consent? IRB: Ethics & Human Research July-August 2008;30(4):15-18.


Credit Points
During their studies, students must accrue a total of 30 credit points (CPs), with one CP being equivalent to the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credit point. One ECTS corresponds to approximately 30 working hours including preparation. CPs are earned for each of the three mandatory Thesis Advisory Committee meetings. Further, a combination of required and optional courses allows students to assemble a curriculum according to their needs and Thesis Advisory Committee’s recommendations.
Students will be informed about the course’s requirements and assignments, whether they will be required to take an exam (and if so, written or oral), present a seminar or submit a final paper. The program’s spokesperson and coordinator decide on the number of CPs awarded for each course. Each year, the spokesperson and coordinator may revise this, however once a student has received a grade in a course, the number of CPs can not change.
CPs from partnering Institutions CPs for courses and workshops
The IMPRS‑TP encourages students to participate in international courses and workshops. Students should apply in advance to the program coordinator for CP assessment of external courses. The application should include all relevant information, such as the institution and lecturer, the number of hours, the course syllabus, and the mode of grading. Approval and the number of CPs awarded are at the discretion of the IMPRS‑TP spokesperson and coordinator.
CPs for additional extracurricular activities
The credit-based system also encourages student contribution. CPs can be awarded for teaching (e.g. organizing a method workshop), project management (e.g. organizing a symposium like the Munich <interact>) or leadership activities (e.g. serving as student representative). Finally, CPs will be awarded for additional curricular activities, such as the participation in transferable skill courses, advanced method training or active participation at scientific conferences.


Defending Misconduct or Unethical Conduct Complaints Before the Missouri Committee for Social Workers
Missouri licensed social workers often face complaints related to alleged misconduct or violation(s) of regulations governing ethical or moral standards, client relationships, and relationships with colleagues. These complaints may, for example, include allegations of an improper sexual relationship or unlawful financial practices. To defend against such complaints, an attorney must have familiarity with the realities and challenges of social work and applicable Missouri regulations. If you receive a complaint alleging you engaged in misconduct or unethical practice as a licensed social worker in Missouri, contact Dolley Law, LLC today.
Defending Licensed Social Workers Against Allegations of Unethical Conduct
Unethical conduct has a specific meaning under Missouri law. Under Section 337.630 RSMo, Missouri licensed social workers must adhere to the ethical standards adopted by the Division of Professional Registration. These standards are codified in the Code of State Regulations and specifically govern the conduct of social workers. Additional ethical and professional standards also apply to licensed social workers and may provide cause for discipline under separate areas of Missouri law. When faced with an allegation of unethical conduct, it is important to contact an attorney with the necessary background and experience as soon as possible. These cases often involve complicated statutes, regulations and standards that are difficult to navigate. The attorneys at Dolley Law, LLC have significant experience representing licensed professionals accused of unethical conduct or misconduct and will provide legal representation to protect your license and professional reputation.
Missouri Committee for Social Workers Standards in Unethical Conduct Cases
Missouri licensed social workers may be disciplined for unethical conduct or misconduct, which may include:
Engaging in activity that exploits clients, students or supervisees; Engaging in sexual intimacies with a client, student, or supervisee; Failure to report known or suspected violations of social work statutes or regulations; Entering or continuing a social, business, or sexual relationship with a current or former client; Conflicts of interest; Failure to disclose purposes, goals, techniques, rules and limitations that may affect a professional relationship at the time it begins; Undertaking or continuing a professional relationship when the social worker’s competency or objectivity is impaired; Providing professional services one is not qualified to provide; Failure to inform clients about electronic recording of sessions; Failure to terminate a professional relationship when required to do so; Failure to protect clients against physical threats, intimidation, or coercion; Failure to maintain required records; Knowingly causing a client to terminate a relationship with another social worker for professional gain; Engaging in sexual intimacies with a colleague over whom the social worker exercises professional authority; Failure to exercise appropriate supervision, working conditions, evaluations, consultation, or experience; Using a professional relationship for personal gain or profit; Giving a commission or rebate for referrals; Accepting compensation from anyone other than the client without disclosure; Charging an unreasonable fee; Accepting remuneration for services that exploits the professional relationship; or Failure to maintain client confidentiality.
Licensed social workers may face discipline for conduct that violates these specific regulations related to professional responsibility. Alternatively, the Committee may seek discipline under another area of Missouri law, such as misconduct, fraud, misrepresentation, dishonesty, or violation of a professional trust.
When a complaint is filed with the Committee, it initially proceeds through the investigative process. This may require a written response to the complaint, responding to the Committee’s document requests, participating in an interview with an investigator, and possibly a meeting with the Committee.
Complaints about misconduct or unethical conduct frequently involve sensitive personal or financial information. Social workers may be asked to produce financial records, personal communications, or client records. They may also be asked to publicly discuss and answer questions about intimate relationships and emotional, difficult professional relationships. Social workers in this situation often do not understand their rights, how to effectively respond to these allegations, or how to publicly discuss these matters. Social workers also need to understand how their statements, records and communications affect their case and how Missouri statutes and regulations apply to the specific facts at issue. Our Firm’s attorneys will represent you during each stage of the investigation and develop a comprehensive strategy designed to effectively protect your rights, career, and reputation.
Complaints that are not dismissed after investigation enter the litigation process. The Committee may propose public discipline through a settlement agreement or may file a complaint with the Administrative Hearing Commission (“AHC”), which may ultimately result in a trial-type hearing. Social workers accused of unethical conduct or misconduct have the right to see the evidence against them, testify on their own behalf, call witnesses, and present evidence. If a social worker successfully defends against the Committee’s allegations, the case ends with a finding that he or she is not subject to discipline.
If a social worker is found subject to discipline, a second hearing is held before the Committee. Dolley Law, LLC represents clients in these disciplinary hearings and presents mitigating evidence and legal arguments on their behalf. The Firm’s attorneys also counsel and advise clients on settlement agreement terms and the appropriate course of action for each case.
Contact Us
If you are notified that a complaint about misconduct or unethical conduct has been made against your Missouri social worker license, contact Dolley Law, LLC to obtain experienced legal counsel to address the situation by calling (314) 645-4100 or by email at kevin@dolleylaw.com.


Sometimes when an accident occurs, it’s because of unpredictable circumstances beyond our control. However, sometimes tragedies occur because of the negligence of parties who have a responsibility to make public areas safe for passing pedestrians. These individuals may be held accountable for their actions through a New Hampshire personal injury lawsuit. In order to explain a complex accident situation to a jury, an expert witness is often needed during a trial. Unfortunately, plaintiff’s are frequently prevented from presenting compelling expert witness testimony.
In a recent First Circuit appellate opinion, a plaintiff was struck by a car while working in a construction zone. While attempting to cross the street after grabbing dinner, the plaintiff was standing on the roadway’s divider when traffic suddenly rushed towards him from both directions. The change in traffic trapped the plaintiff on the divider, where he was subsequently struck head-on by a westbound SUV. As a result of the accident, the plaintiff has become quadriplegic and will require extensive medical care for the rest of his life.
Following his accident, the plaintiff filed a negligent-design lawsuit against several entities responsible for the construction project that laid the backdrop for his injuries. He also retained a single expert to testify on the standard of care that these entities owed to pedestrians in construction affected areas. Through this expert’s testimony, the plaintiff hoped that he would be able to successfully establish his claim that the defendants’ negligence caused the accident to occur. The evidence that was going to be provided through the expert’s testimony was crucial to the plaintiff’s claim.


The purpose of this study was to characterize the epileptogenicity of tubers and surrounding cortex in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Three pediatric patients with TSC and intractable epilepsy underwent surgical resection of tubers associated with epileptogenic foci. In all patients, presurgical imaging revealed a prominent tuber that correlated on electroencephalography (EEG) with frequent interictal epileptiform discharges and electrographic seizures. Intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) was performed using subdural grids placed over the tuber and surrounding cortex and depth electrodes positioned directly within the tuber. In all three patients, the depth electrode within the tuber was electrographically silent, whereas the surrounding cortical tissue showed significant epileptiform activity. The tuber and the electrically active adjacent cortex were resected. The patients experienced a drastic reduction in seizure frequency postsurgery. Epileptogenicity of cortical tubers may derive not from the lesion itself, but rather from the perturbation or abnormal development of the surrounding cortex.


Abstract
The structure and primary devitrification process of the melt-spun Cu
60(Zr or Hf) 30Ti 10 alloys were investigated. It was confirmed that the compositional segregation in the diameter range of 5-10 nm exists in the as-quenched state. The nanocrystalline particles with cubic structure are observed in the glassy matrix in the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images, of which size is corresponding to the scale of compositional segregation. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurement also indicates the development of nanoscale inhomogeneity with the same size as that of nanocrystalline particles. The nanocrystalline region has high Cu content. In contrast, Zr or Hf and Ti elements are enriched in the glassy region. These results are recognized as the formation of novel structure consisting of the glassy and nanocrystalline phases. It is suggested that the precipitation of bcc CuZr phase as a primary crystallization phase proceeds in the glassy phase remaining the nanocrystalline phase in the Cu-Zr-Ti alloy. Meanwhile, the glassy and nanocrystalline phases are transformed to an orthorhombic Cu 8Hf 3 phase at the initial crystallization stage in the Cu-Hf-Ti alloy. These differences of crystallization process are consistent with the results of thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of the transformation mode. Keywords Crystallization Cu-based metallic glass Kinetics Nanocrystal Nanostructure Transformation ASJC Scopus subject areas Materials Science(all)


Selecting the right fragrances for your scented oil diffuser can seem like a challenge. There are so many options to choose from, and how can you be certain you’ll
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This brief essay explores a key but often overlooked hurdle to using blockchain solutions, which is the complexity that decentralized solutions necessarily introduce. At times, the benefits of such solutions appear to exceed the added cost of complexity but often they do not. With this tradeoff in mind, the paper considers two use cases, digital ID and health supply chain management.
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Incorporating coronary CT angiography (CCTA) into the initial evaluation of low-risk patients coming to hospital emergency departments (EDs) with chest pain appears to reduce the time patients spend in the hospital without incurring additional costs or exposing patients to significant risks. The report of a study conducted at nine U.S. hospitals appears in the July 26 New England Journal of Medicine.


This Fact Sheet explores telematics jamming and provides organisations with guidance on how to identify and manage this risk. Why does this matter?
The capacity for employees, contractors, consigners, insurers, to name a few, to monitor the safe movement of their vehicles and goods has been achieved through telematics, also known as In-vehicle Monitoring Systems (IVMS). Alongside the increased usage of telematics has been the emergence of ‘jamming tools’ which actively block the signal to / from the device. Anecdotally, this appears to be a growing issue in the United Kingdom where businesses with fleets have begun to be alerted to their use through discussions with their peers. Nick Croft from Road Safety Support has been championing awareness of IVMS jamming in the United Kingdom and was questioning the awareness and preparedness of Australian fleet managers.
What is telematics?
Telematics systems offer opportunities to reduce accidents involving heavy vehicles by improving driver performance through tracking a vehicle’s operation through a combination of GPS, sensors within the vehicle and interaction with a vehicle’s onboard computer based on organisational and operational requirements. Comparisons can then be made against performance parameters as set by the organisation.