Nomura puts a 'Buy' on IGL Nomura has recommended a 'Buy' on Indraprashtha Gas and set a target price Rs 550. IGL has announced a CNG price increase of Rs 2.90/kg effective July 7 in Delhi. The hike will be marginally higher at Rs 3.3/kg in Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad.
Since March 2010, this is the 12th price hike, and the price has increased by a cumulative 81%. Over the past several years, IGL has demonstrated a surprising ability to raise prices to pass on any input cost increases and maintain margins. "
CIL can touch Rs 400: HSBC HSBC remains 'Overweight' on Coal India with a target price of Rs 400. HSBC has marginally changed its estimates - while EBITDA is unchanged for FY13-14, net profit is up by 2-4% due to higher other income.
Risks include lower-than-expected offtake due to logistics constraints or a decline in production, and the impact of wage increases or implementation of the MMDR bill not being passed onto customers.
Catalysts include better operational performance in Q2, higher realisation over the next 1-2 quarters on the back of a new pricing system. HSBC expects CIL to report a volume increase of c25MT p.a. over the next two years due to stronger demand and increased production.
CLSA maintains 'Sell' on DLF CLSA has maintain its 'Sell' rating on DLF and a set target price of Rs 180. The DLF stock has run 15% over the past one month on the asset sale excitement. CLSA remain unimpressed as over the past three years, DLF's net debt has increased despite asset sales due to poor operating cash flows. Hence, a similar possibility of disappointment exists on the debt reduction expectations.
Potential delays in the deal closure, as has happened in the past, could be an additional risk. DLF did not launch any major new project in Q1FY13 nor did it complete any large asset sale —which is likely to result in weaker Q1 results. At 21x March '14 earnings the stock already builds in a lot of optimism.


Posted on Thursday Jan 24th at 10:00am
Business and sports recruiters tend to be biased toward generalists over specialists. In a series of experiments, Long Wang of the City University of Hong Kong and J. Keith Murnighan of Northwestern University found, for example, that people who were recruiting players for a fictitious game chose generalists at least 70% of the time, even though a specialist was clearly the optimal choice. And salary figures from the National Basketball Association show that even though three-point shooters are crucial to success, teams reward two-point shooters for their two-point shooting but don't reward three-point specialists for their three-point shooting. Many organizations overvalue generalists and overlook the contributions of specialists, the researchers say.


Document Your School Neighborhood This could be implemented as a school-wide project, including teachers from a variety of disciplines, and include historical research, interviews, writing, art-making, and more. It could also occur each year to create a record of your school and neighborhood’s history—and what students want to see for its future.
Define the characteristics of your school community based on people, places, and events. Create a list of the class’s ideas.
Research the history of your school. This might include interviews with teachers, family, and community members as well as finding sources on the internet and in the library.
Discuss how you are learning about history, as well as contributing to and preserving the school and neighborhood’s history.
Share your findings with a larger community. Remember visual arts are a way to understand and exchange ideas, so how can findings be shared visually? Think about the variety of places to share these ideas, including bulletin boards, the yearbook, school newspaper, website, blog, etc.
Discuss how your students’ research and discoveries might lead to visions about the future of their school and the community surrounding it.


A series of status reports, collated by the FSF Secretariat, on recent and ongoing work relevant to strengthening financial systems by various international financial institutions, groupings and committees. This document is published twice yearly in March/April and September/October. The document is accompanied by a cover note which highlights and summarises those initiatives started during the previous six months, out of the initiatives in the document.
The document also includes an overview table of major ongoing international regulatory initiatives, including information on their schedules for public consultation and target dates for finalisation. This overview table is intended to provide a snapshot of key regulatory initiatives in the implementation, public consultation and development phases, along with an indication of their timing where applicable. It is intended to assist national authorities, firms and other stakeholders in keeping abreast of and better preparing for major regulatory initiatives as they are taken forward. Initiatives are included in this table, drawing on the advice of the principal international institutions, groupings and committees. The table captures only summary information on major initiatives, and is concerned largely with the timing of implementation. Thus readers are encouraged to refer to the document on Ongoing and Recent Work relevant to Sound Financial Systems for further insight on the background and objectives of these and other initiatives of the principal international institutions, groupings and committees. Readers should also be aware that decisions regarding implementation are in most cases left to national discretion, and thus the timing of implementation may vary across jurisdictions. Lastly, the authoritative sources on dates are the committees and bodies responsible for the initiatives. The timing of initiatives indicated in the table is based on information as of 6 March 2009, and the relevant bodies should be consulted directly for more recent developments. Continue reading


HealWithFood.org's Guide to Preventing Oily Hair Tips on How to Prevent Greasy Hair Naturally Looking for tried-and-true tips on how to prevent an oily scalp and greasy hair naturally? From stepping up your dietary intake of B vitamins to eating more oatmeal and crimini mushrooms, natural remedies for oily hair are a dime a dozen.
The scalp has a high concentration of sebaceous glands which produce skin oils (sebum) to protect the scalp and hair. However, excessive sebum on the scalp can make hair appear greasy. As sebum production is typically at its peak during puberty, teenagers are particularly prone to developing excessively greasy hair.
If you suffer from an oily scalp and greasy hair, don't fret; there are numerous remedies for tackling your problem. Washing the scalp and hair more frequently and using shampoos and conditioners specifically designed for oily hair are among the most common remedies for oily hair. However, these solutions do not address the root cause of greasy hair.
Excess sebum production is often caused by certain dietary habits, and therefore, dietary modification can offer a simple and natural solution for greasy hair. The purpose of this online guide is to provide you with tips on how you can prevent greasy hair naturally by making smarter food choices. To learn all about nutritional factors that affect the health of your scalp, check out the diet, food and recipe sections of this guide:


Science fiction often portrays dystopian scenarios of the future, often involving repression of the human race by machines. In this article I argue that taking these warnings seriously might not be a bad idea. Science fiction reflects a lot of the mentality of its makers and society in general, and often builds and comments on existing societal issues.
One of the defining qualities of human beings is the urge and the ability to transcend past limitations through self-directed action. This essentially makes a definition of human beings a moving target. This is our wildcard, and it represents our greatest potential and greatest curse.


If you're a tenant and rent a large number of sites in multiple
locations, then you'll be familiar with the complex, time-consuming
process of property management, regulations, local levies and
energy costs. And these are the transparent costs.
The hidden costs can also be large and complex. The
administration process is an intense undertaking. Simply
maintaining the overview, or even achieving cost savings, is often
a time-consuming and expensive affair.
By outsourcing your administrative process to Orangefield we
will be able to control and lower your costs by moving to a more
fixed cost structure. Our complete and tailored solution will
also give you the freedom to focus on your core activities.


One of the most common questions we get asked is how to match certain wines with certain foods. Ultimately, there are no steadfast rules. However, if you take your favourite Pelee Island wine and pair it with your favourite meal it's sure to be a great evening. Here are a few suggestions to help you with your pairings:
Decide whether you are complementing or contrasting your wine with your meal. If you've prepared a rich and creamy lobster dinner with butter and salt, complement it with our oak-aged premium select Chardonnay. Chardonnay will add additional buttery and vanilla flavours to the palette. If you want to contrast the lobster, try our un-oak-aged Chardonnay with racy acidity to cut the intense creamy flavours. It will cleanse your palette with every sip. With delicate white meats like fish, choose a delicate white wine (our Riesling or Sauvignon Blanc). With salmon or grilled tuna, consider moving to more intense white wines like our oak-aged Chardonnay or light red wines like our Gamay Noir Zweigelt or Pinot Noir. Red meats are classically paired with red wine. Though it's not a rule, it's a solid suggestion. The proteins in red meat pair well with tannins found in most red wines. If a sauce is accompanying the meat, consider what affect it will have on the meal before deciding which wine to select, as the sauce will likely be the dominant flavour. Barbequing red meat adds additional flavour, so consider selecting a wine that can stand up to and match the intensity of the meal. Baco Noir or Cabernet Sauvignon/Cabernet Franc are always great choices here. Spicy food is often difficult to match, but consider this: high natural acidity in wine can make a spicy dish explosive on the taste buds. Therefore, aim for a wine that has low acidity, like our Gewurztraminer. Also, wines with higher residual sugar can lessen the impact of certain spices. Our Gewurztraminer, off-dry Riesling and Pinot Gris are all excellent choices. If you are still unsure, you can contact us at 519-733-6551 to get answers to any of your questions. We look forward to hearing from you.


Due to the global economic downturn, branded pharmaceutical sales are suffering in countries such as the US, which lack a nationalized healthcare system. The rising number of unemployed, and therefore uninsured patients, are switching to cheaper generic alternatives, the result of which will be a knock on effect on branded prescription drug sales, which are now forecast to decline by 1-2% in 2009 (IMS Health). This is not the case however in the UK, where patient out-of-pocket costs are capped at GBP7.20 ($10) for prescriptions of either generic or branded drugs (where no generic is available). Moreover, in many cases, the prescription charge is waived due to the financial status of the patient. Nevertheless, the global economic downturn has exacerbated challenges that branded drug makers face in the UK market.
The UK pharmaceutical market is highly genericized, with generic drugs responsible for 65% of drug volume and 25% of sales (European Generic Medicines Association, 2007). Indeed, uptake is set to rise as many big name branded products lose patent protection in the UK within the next decade. Furthermore, more than 87% of prescriptions are written generically, with the remaining 13% likely attributable to branded biologic drugs which are yet to face non-branded 'biosimilar' competition. Furthermore, following agreement during the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) negotiations, generic substitution by pharmacists will become mandatory from 2010, unless the physician has ticked a 'do not substitute' box.
The latest initiative undertaken to reduce the NHS drug bill is to cut spending on branded pharmaceuticals by GBP550m ($800m) during 2010-11, as part of a wider scheme to save the NHS GBP2.3 billion ($3.4 billion) over the same period, as announced in the UK's 2009 budget. The savings will be derived from the newly revised PPRS, which came into effect on February 1, 2009 with a 3.9% reduction of prescription drug price. A further 1.9% price cut from February 1, 2010 will provide additional savings to the NHS, which could in fact exceed the GBP550m ($800m) target announced by the government.
However, the branded drugs industry has been compensated by price increases of 0.1% in January 2011, 0.2% in January 2012, and 0.2% in January 2013, plus the introduction in February 2009 of a flexible pricing scheme aimed at rewarding innovation, to offset the impact of the PPRS price cuts and growing generic incentivization initiatives.
The government has also announced a new GBP750m ($1.1 billion) Strategic Investment Fund to support advanced industrial projects of strategic importance, which can potentially be accessed by struggling UK biotechnology companies. However, with GBP250m ($363m) earmarked for low-carbon investment, the GBP500m ($727m) to be allocated across the rest of UK R&D is too little too late for small biotechs, many of which have already gone to the wall, with more undoubtedly to follow before the year's end.
On top of the PPRS price cuts and growing genericization of small molecule drugs, branded drug makers now face a new threat from biosimilars (generic versions of biologic drugs), which are expected to enter the UK market imminently' providing a lower cost alternative to expensive branded biologics. While uptake may initially be slow, it will inevitably grow, driven by the need to cut healthcare costs coupled to a growing physician and patient confidence in the drugs over time. Consequently, with the volume of branded drugs having remained flat over the last four years, total sales of the UK branded pharmaceutical industry are forecast to decline from 2009 onwards due to the multitude of negative factors facing the industry. Â
Alistair Sinclair - Datamonitor Â
Last updated on: 27/08/2010 11:40:18


There are four things you can do to help protect yourself online.
Don't wait for something to go wrong,. Take proactive steps to help keep you safe by keeping your PC secure, keeping passwords and PINs secret, installing patches and security updates, protecting your identity online and being careful if using the internet in public places.
While email is useful, it can also have risks. This can be with receiving emails you don't want, emails not being delivered or emails being intercepted.
Writing an email is a bit like writing a postcard when you're on holiday:
While social networking sites e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin connect people across the world to share news etc, there can be danger in sharing too much information. Fraudsters can use the information posted which can lead to identity fraud.
While online shopping may be useful, it also has dangers if you use sites which are not always what they seem. Know how to protect yourself by checking out the site, and the company details, before you enter your payment details. If paying by card, it can be safer to use a credit rather than a debit card.


Pulmonary Embolism Overview of Pulmonary Embolism The lungs are particularly vulnerable to emboli, since the entire body's blood supply passes through them. These emboli pass through the heart and are pumped through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. As the vessels progressively narrow, emboli may become lodged and occlude a blood vessel. Blockage of an artery can lead to damage or death of a portion of the lung. The symptoms that develop may vary with the size of the emboli. They may also vary if there are multiple emboli. Pulmonary emboli lead to rapid and substantial dysfunction of the lungs. In severe cases, the resistance to blood flow in the pulmonary arteries is rapidly increased. This forces the right side of the heart to contract more forcefully. It can lead to heart failure. Severe pulmonary emboli, in the form of a saddle embolism (a large clot that blocks the major pulmonary artery at its first division), can lead to rapid death. Causes of Pulmonary Embolism The most common cause of a pulmonary embolism is a blood clot. These frequently develop in the deep veins of the legs or the pelvis. They can occur in other locations as well. Extensive bed rest or recent surgery are contributing factors for the development of a deep vein thrombosis. Disorders that increase the likelihood of your blood clotting can also increase the risk of developing a pulmonary embolism. Heart attacks and Atrial fibrillation can lead to the production of blood clots in the heart, itself. Disease of the heart valves can also produce pulmonary emboli. Emboli can also be produced by a clump of bacteria or a clump of tumor tissue that is swept into the blood vessels. Fat lobules sometimes will lead to emboli, especially from extensive fractures. Air embolism can occur, if air has access to the venous system. Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism Pulmonary emboli lead to sudden onset of shortness of breath. There is pleuritic chest pain (pain that increases with breathing). Rapid or irregular heart beats occur. Cough and bloody sputum may develop. Increased sweating often develops. Change in the level of consciousness or coma may occur, if the oxygen content of the blood is severely lowered or the function of the heart is severely compromised. The symptoms of pulmonary embolism often occur from clots which develop in the legs. Prior to a pulmonary embolism, the legs may develop swelling and tenderness, particularly in the calf. Extensive fractures may give rise to emboli in the form of fat globules from the bone marrow.
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Public broadcasting stations located in the Gulf and Atlantic Coast states have begun installing the new Digital Emergency Alert System (DEAS) to improve the delivery of Presidential alerts and severe weather warnings. This was timed to prepare for the start of the 2007 hurricane season, which runs from June to November.
The first phase is focusing on coastal states in the eastern United States, with the first 20 public television stations to be integrated into the DEAS network by the end of May. By the end of 2007, all public television stations will be equipped to receive and retransmit the digital emergency signal.
The Association of Public TV Stations (APTS), working through a grant provided by the Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), is leading the rollout of the first phase of a nationwide deployment. Overall, the new warning system is expected to cost $4.5 million to test and deploy nationally, and $1 million annually to maintain.
The transition to digital has created an opportunity for public broadcasting to use its broadcast infrastructure to distribute emergency notifications to citizens nationwide.
The need to upgrade the existing EAS system became apparent after the 2001 terrorists attacks and after Hurricane Katrina ripped through the Gulf Coast states, when communications problems hampered government response and notification efforts.
For more information, visit www.apts.org.


Sections
Definitions | Historical Perspective on the Scheduling of Prescription
Drugs | Epidemiology of Prescription Drug Abuse | Comorbidity | Medical System Issues
Excerpt
Despite data indicating high rates of prescription drug abuse, a major limitation of the existing research is that the terms misuse, abuse, dependence, and addiction are used in idiosyncratic ways. To make the nomenclature consistent, a minimum guideline would be for each researcher and author to specify their definitions clearly. In this chapter, abuse is defined as any intentional use of opioids outside of a physician's prescription for a bona fide medical condition, excluding accidental misuse. Note that our use of the term abuse is distinct from the abuse diagnosis specified in DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association 2000). However, addiction in this chapter is synonymous with the standard DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of dependence, which is a psychiatric syndrome defined as including compulsive use, impaired control, tolerance, withdrawal, and continued use despite physical and psychological problems caused or exacerbated by use (American Psychiatric Association 2000).


Crisis Communication Ethos: Media and Credible Images Media impact in perception of authorities in Hurricane Katrina Many organizations treat the media as a necessary evil to communicate with the public, but it can actually be a valuable tool for organizations (Seeger, 2006, p. 10). To work positively with the media, organizations need to keep in mind that the media has power over public views, as Littlefield & Quenette (2007) highlight in their study of media impact in Hurricane Katrina. By analyzing the media’s the word choices in portraying organizations managing the crisis, they revealed that the media’s rhetoric was important in “creating early definitions of effective crisis leadership and responses” (Littlefield & Quenette, 2007, p. 28). To avoid the negative influence media had on the public in Hurricane Katrina, organizations in crises should follow Seeger’s (2006) advice to admit shortcomings instead of pretending all is well (p. 10).
MeritCare uses credible media effectively in a crisis MeritCare admitted its own reputational shortcomings in the fen-phen drug crisis by entering a partnership with the well-known Mayo Clinic to gain credibility for their message. This strategy allowed them to get their message out and get the public to take it seriously. They further enhanced their credibility by critically choosing their media partners, using only those that had sufficient standing to maintain the credibility of the message (Streifel et al., 2006, pp. 392-3).


Edward L. Glaeser rightly touts the many proven benefits of high-quality preschool, as demonstrated by his teacher, Nobel laureate James Heckman, and other leading economists (“Preschool alters lives — or adds to status quo,” Op-ed, Feb. 22). However, Glaeser misses the mark in describing the plan for increased investments in early education that Governor Patrick has sent to the Legislature. The day Glaeser yearns for — “to let parents choose from a variety of systems” — is already here.
When the Legislature, working closely with my organization and others, created the nation’s first Department of Early Education and Care in 2005, it charged the new department with infusing quality into all the settings where parents choose to send their children. These include community-based centers, public school pre-kindergarten, family child care homes, and Head Start.
Since 2005, Massachusetts has laid a strong foundation for a statewide system of high-quality early education and care that includes an oversubscribed scholarship for working educators earning college degrees, developmentally appropriate standards aligned with the K-12 system, and a shared definition of quality. The plan before the Legislature would help bring this system to scale. It emphasizes quality and respects parent choice.


The historic signing of the America Invents Act on September 16, 2011, represented a huge win for innovators and took needed steps to improve U.S. competiveness globally by aligning new patent laws more closely with those of other countries. This new law is the most significant overhaul of the U.S. patent system in 175 years. Lilly has championed efforts to modernize the patent system for many years, and we’re extremely pleased that the America Invents Act is now a reality.
The America Invents Act will provide a simpler path forward for innovators by reducing red tape and enhancing the quality of patents that are granted, and it will provide resources needed to help eliminate the backlog of 700,000 applications awaiting action in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Additionally, transitioning the U.S. from a “first-to-invent” to a “first-inventor-to-file” system, the new law creates a set of transparent, objective, predictable and simple standards for gaining a patent – securing the U.S. as a leader in international efforts aimed at achieving greater consistency in global patent laws.
A strong patent system is crucial to driving America’s economic competitiveness and global leadership in fields like biopharmaceutical research, which employs more than 650,000 people and supports more than three million U.S. jobs. Intellectual property protections – such as patents – help drive the economy in three key ways: they promote incentives for innovation; they provide holders with certainty regarding their rights; and they provide enforcement tools to defend one’s property.
Biopharmaceutical innovation is costly and risky. However, maintaining a predictable and reliable patent system helps to encourage the innovation that supports jobs and leads to real and significant health benefits for America’s patients. Biopharmaceutical research companies generally file relevant patent applications early in the R&D process, years before a new medicine actually reaches patients. This means a significant part of the medicine’s patent life is spent prior to reaching the market; in fact, the average time on the market for the vast majority of innovative medicines is only 11.5 years before generic versions can enter the market, dramatically – and rapidly – reducing brand share by up to 90% in the first month alone. What’s more, generics can apply for approval as early as four years after the innovator medicine is approved.
Innovation is cyclical, and the ability to protect and defend their current patents provides an incentive for biopharmaceutical research companies to continue innovating, perhaps leading to the groundbreaking new technologies – and life-saving new medicines – of the future.


1.
Let the
coaches coach: Leave the coaching
to the coaches. This includes motivating, psyching your child up,
after game critiquing, setting goals, requiring additional
training, etc. You have entrusted the care of your child to the
coaches; they need to be free to do their job. "Too many
coaches spoil the player."
2.
Be your
child's best fan: Support your
child unconditionally. Do not withdraw love when your child
performs poorly. Your child should never have to perform to win
your love.
3.
Support all
players on the team:
Foster teamwork. Your child's teammates are not the enemy.
There will always be greater and lesser players than your child.
When a teammate plays better, your child has a wonderful
opportunity to learn.
4.
Do not
bribe or offer incentives:
Your job is not to motivate. Leave this to the coaching
staff. Bribes will distract your child from properly concentrating
in practice and game situations.
5.
Encourage your
child to talk with the coaches: If your
child is having difficulties in practice or games, or can't make a
practice, etc., encourage her to speak directly to the coaches.
This "responsibility taking" is a big part of being a
member of any team. When your child handles the off-field tasks
(knowing the schedule, preparing equipment for practices and
games), she is establishing ownership of all aspects of the game.
6.
Understand and
display appropriate game behavior: Be
supportive, cheer, but be appropriate. Players need to focus only
on the parts of the game that they can control (fitness,
positioning, decision making, skill, aggressiveness, reacting to
what the game is presenting). When a player focuses on what she
cannot control, (what others are shouting), performance suffers.
Do not tell a player what to do. Do not critique a play or player
during the game. Never yell at the referee. Ever.
7.
Help your child
keep priorities straight: Help your
child maintain a focus on schoolwork, relationships and the other
things in life beside soccer. Also, if your child has made a
commitment to soccer, help her fulfill her obligation to the team.
8.
Reality test:
If the team loses a match, but your child has played her best,
help her to see this as a "win" and that you are proud
of her. Remind her that she is to focus on "process" and
not "results". Her fun and satisfaction should be
derived from "striving to win".
9.
Keep soccer in
its proper perspective: Soccer should
not be larger than life for you. If your child's performance
produces strong emotions in you, suppress them. Your relationship
will continue with your children long after their competitive
soccer days are over. Keep your goals/needs separate from those of
your child.
10.
Have fun:
That is what the coaches will be trying to do! We will
challenge your child to reach beyond her "comfort level"
and improve as a player. We will do this in an environment that is
fun, yet challenging. We look forward to this process. We hope you
do too!


Carefree Car Ownership Safety tips for driving overnight While it's not the most enjoyable time to drive, sometimes traveling through the night is necessary to meet a tight deadline. However, it's important to keep in mind that driving in the dark for extended periods poses unique challenges for even the most cautious travelers. Here are some car travel tips and car safety tips for driving overnight. Leave more room for error When visibility is low, you need more time to register and adjust for upcoming traffic changes and obstacles. Because of this, you should leave more room for error in case the unexpected occurs on the road. Road & Travel recommends increasing your following distance and reducing speed at night to avoid an unfortunate accident. High beams High beams are a great help when you're driving on a road with bad lighting, but they can actually be a detriment to your safety when used improperly. Make sure you lower your high beams when vehicles are approaching from the opposite direction or you're following one, as the bright light can be blinding to them, reports the news source. Be aware of driver fatigue It's vital that you remain well rested when driving overnight, but even if you got a good eight hours of sleep, you might discover you're becoming fatigued after a long day of driving. Take frequent breaks to stay rested and alert on the road at night, suggests Weather.com.


Today, based on arguments raised by the Pretzel & Stouffer trial team, led by Ed Ruff, the Illinois Supreme Court summarily denied the plaintiff’s petition for leave to appeal the 1st District Appellate Court’s ruling in favor of the defendants which reversed an $11 million judgment against a former New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) president and two of his partners. The Supreme Court’s ruling signals an end to the litigation with a complete victory for the for the defense.
The appeal arose from a fraud claim originally tried before a Cook County jury. The plaintiff, a former commodities trader, had partnered with the defendants to form a company called Chicago Trading and Arbitrage, which allowed traders to submit stock orders electronically. The defendants later formed a second company called Archipelago – without the plaintiff – that also offered electronic trading. Archipelago eventually merged with the NYSE in a lucrative deal, and the plaintiff claimed he was defrauded out of his share of the business opportunity.
At trial, Mr. Ruff argued that the settlement of a 1998 lawsuit arising out of Chicago Trading and Arbitrage’s dissolution had released the plaintiff’s claim. The trial court disagreed and prevented Mr. Ruff from questioning the plaintiff about the release and similar allegations made in the previous lawsuit. The trial court also shifted the burden of proof to the defense, adding a significant obstacle. Despite this and the fact that the plaintiff requested more than $100 million in damages, the jury awarded just $11 million in the case.
In a rare move, the appellate court quoted Mr. Ruff’s plea to the trial court in support of its reversal. Mr. Ruff argued that by preventing him from questioning the plaintiff regarding the earlier lawsuit and release, the trial court “has essentially allowed [the plaintiff] to perjure himself” and “[denied] the defendants a fair opportunity to challenge [the plaintiff] on this point.” Through rigorous defense at trial in the face of major setbacks, the Pretzel trial team protected its clients’ interests so that the proper result could ultimately be achieved.


Non-BioPsychiatric Treatments for the Deeply Disturbed
Talk Therapy Lifts Severe Schizophrenics--New York Times October 2011Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Cotgnitive Therapy for Low-Functioning Patients With Scizophrenia October 2011Cognitive Therapy for Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia--Editorial October 2011Peer Support Services, New Zealand 2011Addressing non-adherence to antipsychotic medication: a harm-reduction approach , M.A. Aldridge, Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2011. Many people decide not to take prescribed antipsychotics once they are discharged from the hospital. Stopping antipsychotics suddenly without support may result in harmful reactions and possible re-admission to the hospital. The ‘Non-Adherence Harm Reduction’ approach aims to reduce the harm of stopping antipsychotics, by informing and supporting those who make this personal decision. This approach values personal autonomy and may reduce the likelihood of harm and readmission in those who choose not to adhere to prescribed antipsychotics.


Earlier this week, The New York Times ’ Hannah Fairfield published a wonder graph of miles driven and traffic fatalities. So I figured we should revisit an earlier, similar graphic on the relationship between the price of gasoline and miles driven. It was also created by Hannah Fairfield and uses a similar approach: using values on the x- and y-axis while representing time with meandering lines.
This graph effectively demonstrates the law of demand, but forgoing the typical graphical relationship used in economics classes. This diagram clearly demonstrates the rise in gas prices are met with reducing the number of miles driven. Moreover, we see how inelastic consumers reaction to increase in prices. Only during the recent spike in prices did miles driven bend backward. The dramatic price increases only reverted the miles driven by a few years; however, the recent surge in prices reduce miles driven to 1999 levels.
Economic graphs of this relationship can be confusing, but this graph makes it clearer than the supply and demand models in textbooks try to communicate. Likewise, it makes a point economists struggle to highlight. By increasing fuel efficiency—which reduces the per mile cost of driving—how many more miles will be driven as a result?


Title Factors affecting the cycling of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in coral reef waters of the Great Barrier Reef
Document Type Article
Publication details Jones, GB, Curran, M, Broadbent, AD, King, S, Fischer, E & Jones, RJ 2007, 'Factors affecting the cycling of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in coral reef waters of the Great Barrier Reef', Environmental Chemistry , vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 310–322.
The publisher's version of this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/EN06065
Abstract A study of dissolved dimethylsulfide (DMSw), dissolved and particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd, DMSPp), and atmospheric dimethylsulfide (DMSa) was carried out at two inshore fringing coral reefs (Orpheus Island and Magnetic Island) in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to investigate the variation of these organosulfur substances with season, sea surface temperature, tides, and time of day. Highest concentrations of these organosulfur substances occurred in the summer months at both reefs, with lowest concentrations occurring during winter, suggesting a biological source of these compounds from the reef flats. At the Orpheus Island reef, where more measurements were made, DMSw and DMSPd were significantly correlated with tidal height during the flooding tide over the reef (r = 0.37, P < 0.05; r = 0.58, P < 0.01 respectively), and elevated DMSw and DMSa concentrations generally occurred in the daylight hours, possibly reflecting photosynthetic production of DMSw from the reef flats. Chamber experiments with the staghorn coral Acropora formosa confirmed that corals produce DMSw in the day. DMSw (r = 0.43, P < 0.001) and DMSPd (r = 0.59, P < 0.001) were significantly positively correlated with sea surface temperatures (SST) at the Orpheus Island reef. During severe coral bleaching at the eutrophic Magnetic Island reef in the summer, DMSw concentrations decreased at SSTs greater than 30°C, suggesting that reef production of DMSw decreases during elevated SSTs. This was later confirmed in chamber experiments with Acropora formosa, which showed that when this coral was exposed to temperatures at its bleaching threshold (31°C), decreased production of DMSw occurred. These results suggest that DMS and DMSP in coral zooxanthellae may be functioning as antioxidants, but further experiments are needed to substantiate this.


Abstract: When an economy is at the upper part of the Laffer curve, a reduction in tax rates will, somewhat paradoxically, lead to a rise in the amount of money, both relatively and absolutely, the taxpayer will retain, but, also, to an increase in government revenues collected. The former result is a welcome one, from the libertarian perspective, not so the latter. Does this example exhibit a slight anomaly for the free enterprise philosophy (a rare case when a reduction in statism does not lead, unambiguously, to benefits), or does it furnish a true conundrum. The present paper argues that both are true.


Building Tune-Up Programs
Incentives for Optimizing Existing Building Systems
At Puget Sound Energy, we believe that cost-effective and substantial energy savings can be achieved through improved operation and maintenance (O&M) of a wide variety of non-residential buildings. That is why we offer financial incentives to building owners who engage in our Building Tune-Up programs for optimizing existing building systems.
What is a Building Tune-Up?
A Building Tune-Up is a systematic process for investigating, analyzing and optimizing the energy performance of a building’s systems. It focuses on the operation of the building, its mechanical equipment, lighting and related controls, and helps them to perform interactively to achieve energy savings and improve occupant comfort.
Why is a Building Tune-Up Necessary?
Over time, changes in occupancy and function can challenge the operation of original building systems. A building’s mechanical and electrical systems often become less efficient as the building ages and experiences change. Small problems, lack of maintenance or errors in equipment settings can create inefficiencies that result in higher costs for utility bills, repairs and maintenance.
What is the difference between PSE’s Custom Retrofit Grants and the Building Tune-Up Programs?
Retrofits for energy-efficiency involve replacing outdated or inefficient equipment. Building Tune-Ups, on the other hand, focus on improving the operational efficiency of what is already in place, meaning that efficiency can be achieved with no major capital expense for the building owner.
PSE offers two approaches to Building Tune-Ups—a simple approach and a comprehensive approach. Both programs serve PSE customers with buildings larger than 50,000 square feet. Both programs offer financial incentives for owners who participate in the optimization of existing buildings’ systems.
One-on-one off-site technical support
ENERGY STAR® Benchmark
Analysis and tracking of energy usage
Relevant webinars
Performance incentives
Existing building commissioning process
Comprehensive on-site review of systems
Analysis and tracking of energy usage
PSE-approved Commissioning Providers
Systems Manual
Hands-on training
Incentive for Commissioning Provider’s costs
Performance incentives


What explains high unemployment? The aggregate demand channel We are grateful to the National Science Foundation, the Initiative on Global Markets at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, and the Center for Research in Security Prices for funding. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.


Many terpenes are used therapeutically, and as flavor and fragrance materials. (R)-(-)-Carvone, the main constituent of spearmint oil, and (S)-(+)-carvone, found as major component of caraway and dill seed oils, have several applications and are used in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical preparations. In this study, the effect of enantiomers of carvone on the central nervous system (CNS) was evaluated in mice. The LD50 value was 484.2 mg/kg (358.9-653.2) for (S)-(+)-carvone, and 426.6 (389.0-478.6) mg/kg for (R)-(-)-carvone. Both enantiomers caused depressant effects, such as decrease in the response to the touch and ambulation, increase in sedation, palpebral ptosis, and antinociceptive effects. (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-carvone caused a significant decrease in ambulation. (R)-(-)-Carvone appeared to be more effective than its corresponding enantiomer at 0.5 and 2.0 h after administration. However, (S)-(+)-carvone was slightly more potent at 1 h. In potentiating pentobarbital sleeping time, (R)-(-)-carvone was more effective than (S)-(+)-carvone at 100 mg/kg, but was less potent at 200 mg/kg compared to the (+)-enantiomer, indicating a sedative action. (S)-(+)-Carvone at the dose of 200 mg/kg increased significantly the latency of convulsions induced by PTZ and PIC, but (R)-(-)-carvone was not effective against these convulsions. These results suggest that (S)-(+)-carvone and (R)-(-)-carvone have depressant effect in the CNS. (S)-(+)-Carvone appears to have anticonvulsant-like activity.
(c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Transport Most of us still use the car as our primary mode of transport. However, one-quarter of all car journeys are less than three kilometres. Car travel has a very significant environmental cost and impacts negatively on our health and wellbeing. To ride a bike the same distance uses less than one-fiftieth of the energy required to drive. Explore sustainable transport options.
If you have to use the car, those regular trips to work, the market or school can be done with others and you'll have more fun, use less petrol and save money. more »


"Do you know why you're here?" Benita Forest, Juvenile Diversion Officer for the Youngstown Police Department, asks the third-grader sitting across the table from her. "Behavior," he mumbles through his hands that are covering his mouth. "What about your behavior?" Benita presses. The third-grader shifts in his seat, eyes to the floor and responds incoherently. "Sit forward. Face me," Benita instructs. "I don't want to listen," the boy finally admits. "Do you think you want to work on that?" she continues. The question is met with a half-nod, half-shrug. Grandma, sitting next to her third-grade grandson, describes a history of failing grades, fights and disrespect for teachers. "That's gettin' you nowhere," Benita states firmly. To this, the third-grader responds freely with a resolute nod of his head. He seems to know where he's headed. He has no clue how to change directions. "Let me tell you a little bit about the Diversion Program," Benita explains. "Our program is for people [who] we believe can be helped." She pauses and waits for the boy to look her in the eye. "Do you want to be helped?" He stares, defiance still in his eyes, but now they are shaded with a glimmer of hope. No response comes from his lips, but he is still looking at her. That's a good sign. On the right path: The Juvenile Diversion Program, created in October 2000, is part of the Juvenile Division of the Youngstown Police Department. The goal of the program is to educate and counsel 7- to 17-year-old first-time misdemeanor offenders and lead them on a path of noncriminal behavior. The program is voluntary and serves, in many cases, as an alternative to formal criminal charges. "Locking them up doesn't solve their problems," says Alice Garro, Director of the Diversion Program. "YPD ends up seeing them again in 3 months." Though involvement in the program is voluntary, compliance is not. "We have a waiting list," Alice explains. "Three strikes and you're done." Another aspect of compliance in the program involves parents. "We don't work with a child unless the parent is involved," Alice continues. "It is very, very difficult to be successful in diversion if the parent is not involved." Benita is one of four Juvenile Diversion Officers involved in the program. Each officer handles 20 cases and works with each individual up to 90 days. The diversion officers assess if a youngster can be helped by the services they provide. Then, they develop a program based on the specific needs of each juvenile. Role models: "We are not counselors," says Dan Barwick, a diversion officer. "We utilize services in the community for that. But we do become a positive influence for a kid." Dan relates a success story from the program. "I had a kid that came in with a bad attitude and behavior problems. I brought the reality to him about where he was headed. It opened something up in his head." Today, that reformed youth is interviewing for a job. Dorina Shine, another diversion officer, is working with a young fifth-grader who is nearing the end of her diversion experience. Clearly adoring of Dorina, the young girl explains what she has learned. "I am learning to do the right things and not the wrong things." Dorina adds, " And there [are] consequences to everything we do, right?" The fifth-grader nods her head vigorously. "This has helped me change my behavior. I don't have the 'I don't care' attitude anymore," she proudly explains. "I'm doing better." As if to summarize her diversion experience, she adds, "I understand that doing the right thing is good and doing the wrong thing is wrong." Diversion in a nutshell, YPD style. www.gwhite@vindy.com


The new welfare system takes for granted that all claimants are scroungers and cheats who need to be penalised. Political Scrapbook:
The £1.1 billion cost of fraud (a modest 0.7% of the total benefits spend) averages out to £59 across 18.5 million claimants. In contrast, MPs were ordered to pay back £1.2 million in the wake of Thomas Legg’s inquiry into expenses, an average of £1,858 for the 646 members of the Commons. Especially if the claimant supposedly has a “disability” and yet doesn’t fill in their ESA50 (Limited capability for work questionnaire). The claimant’s wife contacts ATOS and offers as an excuse that the claimant is in a coma, and presents a letter from the hospital where the claimant is staying which confirms that the claimant is in a coma, but really: if you don’t fill in your ESA50 yourself, or at least check and sign it, you are obviously a scrounger and a fraud.
Employment and Support Allowance focuses on the patient’s abilities – on what they can do rather than what they cannot. The overarching principle of Employment and Support Allowance is that everyone should have the opportunity to work and that people with an illness or disability should get the help and support necessary for them to engage in appropriate work, if they are able. It builds on the successful “Pathways to Work” programme, which is now available nationally. We are investing in every region to ensure that a range of services is available for your patients, including condition management programmes specifically designed to help your patients manage their conditions in preparation for a return to work.


9 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
We record property and equipment at cost, including interest and real estate taxes incurred during development and construction. Interest capitalized as a cost of property and equipment totaled $32 million in 2009, $55 million in 2008, and $49 million in 2007. We capitalize the cost of improvements that extend the useful life of property and equipment when incurred. These capitalized costs may include structural costs, equipment, fixtures, floor, and wall coverings. We expense all repair and maintenance costs as incurred. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (three to 40 years), and we amortize leasehold improvements over the shorter of the asset life or lease term. Depreciation expense totaled $151 million in 2009, $155 million in 2008, and $162 million in 2007.


Title Document Type Journal Article
RIS ID 21806
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of an exploratory study on the characteristics of New Zealand start up IT firms that survived the dot.com collapse. The paper is based on the in-depth interviews of nine entrepreneurs of start-up IT firms in New Zealand. The findings reveal how moderate strategy types influence survival, and what core organizational characteristics influenced the realisation of these strategies. These findings indicate that the firms that survived projected characteristics of holistic strategic balance, mastering resources and unifying focus. Successful firms made purposeful choices on resource allocations and realized moderately simple strategies. In contrast, firms that failed projected a general lack of strategic balance, mastering and trade off. These firms’ organizational themes realized excessively complex strategies with no distinct focus.


Saharan and Asian dust: similarities and differences determined by CALIPSO, AERONET, and a coupled climate-aerosol microphysical model
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Abstract. This study compares the properties of atmospheric dust from the Saharan deserts and the Asian deserts using data from CALIPSO and AERONET during 2006 and 2007 along with simulations using a coupled climate-microphysical sectional model. Saharan deserts are largely south of 30° N, while Asian ones are primarily north of 30° N, hence they experience different meteorological regimes. Saharan dust lifting occurs all year long, primarily due to subtropical weather systems. However, Asian dust is lifted mostly in spring when mid-latitude frontal systems lead to high winds. Rainfall is more abundant over Asia during the dust lifting events, leading to greater local dust removal than over the Sahara. However, most dust removal is due to sedimentation. Despite the different meteorological regimes, the same dust lifting schemes work in models for Asian and Saharan dust. The magnitudes of dust lifted in Africa and Asia differ significantly over the year. In our model the yearly horizontal dust flux just downwind of the African dust source is about 1088 Tg (10° S–40° N, 10° W) and from the Asian dust source it is about 355 Tg (25° N–55° N, 105° E) in 2007, which is comparable to previous studies. We find the difference in dust flux is mainly due to the larger area over which dust is lifted in Africa than Asia. However, Africa also has stronger winds in some seasons. Once lifted, the Saharan dust layers generally move toward the west and descend in altitude from about 7 km to the surface over several days in the cases studied. Asian dust often has multiple layers (two layers in the cases studied) during transport largely to the east. One layer stays well above boundary layer during transport and shows little descent, while the other, lower, layer descends with time. This observation contrasts with studies suggesting the descent of Saharan dust is due to sedimentation of the particles, and suggests instead it is dominated by meteorology. We find the size distributions of Asian and African dust are similar when the dust is lifted, but the mode size can differ and secondary size modes can develop probably due to differences in vertical wind velocities during transport. The single scattering albedo of African and Asian dust does differ, due primarily to the imaginary parts of the refractive indexes being different, which in turn is likely due to different dust composition. This study is a step towards a global understanding of dust and its properties.


Quartermaster Harbor closed for all species of shellfish harvesting
Tuesday, July 3, 2012
Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP) levels pose health risk
Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP) has been detected at levels of concern in shellfish samples collected from Quartermaster Harbor on Vashon-Maury Island. As a result, the Washington State Department of Health (DOH) has closed Quartermaster Harbor to the recreational harvest of shellfish.
Public Health Seattle & King County is posting advisory signs at Quartermaster Harbor warning people to not collect shellfish. The closure includes clams, oysters, mussels, scallops and other species of mollusks. Crabmeat is not known to contain the PSP toxin, but the guts can contain unsafe levels. To be safe, clean crab thoroughly and discard the guts ("butter"). This closure does not apply to shrimp.
Commercial beaches are sampled separately and commercial products should be safe to eat.
PSP poisoning can be life-threatening and is caused by eating shellfish containing a potent neurotoxin. A naturally occurring marine organism produces the toxin. The toxin is not destroyed by cooking or freezing.
A person cannot determine if PSP toxin is present by visual inspection of the water or shellfish. For this reason, the term "red tide" is misleading and inaccurate. PSP can only be detected by laboratory testing.
Recreational shellfish harvesting can be closed due to rising levels of PSP at any time. Therefore, harvesters are advised to call the DOH Biotoxin Hotline at 1-800-562-5632 or visit the Biotoxin website before harvesting shellfish anywhere in Puget Sound.
Providing effective and innovative health and disease prevention services for over 1.9 million residents and visitors of King County, Public Health Seattle & King County works for safer and healthier communities for everyone, every day.


Five representatives from the two houses would sit together to discuss the Domestic Violence Prevention Bill of Bhutan, 2013, as National Assembly members yesterday refused to endorse 20 clauses amended by the National Council.
Of the 51 clauses National Council members made changes to, National Assembly member refused to endorse clauses that mentioned about who should conduct physical verification; and report the matter to police; to grading of offences of domestic violence and who the designated protection officer should function under.
The Women and Children Committee chairperson, Karma Lhamo, explained to assembly members that offences were graded differently as there are different types of violence perpetrated, inclusive of emotional and psychological violence.
In the discussion that took about four hours, most of it was on whether a separate court should be established for the trial of domestic violence cases.
While the National Assembly members stated that establishing a separate court is not practical and if necessary, His Majesty, on recommendation of National Judicial Commission, may establish a separate court.
Trongsa’s Drakten-Langthel MP, Rinchen Dorji, said it would be difficult to establish a separate court for domestic violence trial even in Thimphu, as courts in other dzongkhags might not deal with domestic violence cases and refer it to Thimphu, which would complicate things.
National Assembly members also refused to endorse the clause that mentioned about how media should report domestic violence cases. While the draft clause stated that media shall maintain professional standards including privacy in reporting and covering domestic violence, the National Council members included media ethics in the clause.
However, the National Assembly members refused to endorse it, stating that ethics is synonymous to standard. Meanwhile, the National Assembly would have seek the approval of His Majesty to conduct a joint sitting.
By Tashi Dema


Let's try this during the show! :-0
7 a.m. When you wake up, immediately hit the floor and do 10 pushups. As you get stronger, add an extra two pushups each week. As you increase the amount of reps, you'll spot a real difference in your upper arms. 7:10 a.m. For a high-protein breakfast, microwave eggs for two minutes. Fit in cardio by doing 20 jumping jacks, 20 squats, 20 front lunges, and 20 tricep dips on your kitchen chair before the buzzer goes off.
7:30 a.m. When you're brushing your teeth, alternate between calf raises and squeezing your butt muscles for toning every other day. 7:45 a.m. Squeeze in 50 crunches before you get dressed. It's great to do abdominal exercises before you put on your clothes. You feel skinnier. 8:00 a.m. Whether you're dropping the kids off at school or heading to work, skip the elevator. Make sure you're wearing flats or comfortable shoes, and run up the stairs to burn some calories and help strengthen your glutes.
8:05 a.m. When you reach the final flight, work the outside of your thighs by sidestepping halfway to the landing, leading with your left leg. 8:10 a.m. Work your other side by sidestepping up the stairs until you reach your floor, this time leading with your right leg.
9:00 a.m. Use your desk or or your coffee table to do 15 inclined pushups. Different angles work different muscle groups. Doing pushups flat on the ground when you first wake up and then doing them inclined later helps work different parts of your chest, upper back, and core for a more complete workout. 9:30 a.m. Rather than sitting still when you're on the phone, keep moving. Take hold of a chair, extend one of your legs to the side, and pulse it out for 20 seconds while focusing on squeezing your thighs. Repeat with the opposite leg. This move is great for core for stabilization as well as toning the outer thighs, which minimizes saddlebags. 9:45 a.m. You've earned a coffee break! Drop down for 10 squats, and head out for a latte.


Linking Assessment With Instruction
MetaMetrics® is focused on improving education for learners of all ages. We develop scientific measures of academic achievement and complementary technologies that link assessment results with real-world instruction.
For more than twenty years, our work has been increasingly recognized worldwide for its distinct value in differentiating instruction and personalizing learning. In the U.S., our research on postsecondary reading demands informed the Common Core State Standards for college- and career-readiness.
Our products and services for reading, mathematics and writing provide unique insights about academic ability and the potential for growth, enabling individuals to achieve their goals at every stage of development.


[show abstract] [hide abstract]ABSTRACT: Crohn's disease (CD) and Takayasu's arteritis (TA) are inflammatory granulomatous autoimmune disorders. Simultaneous occurrence of CD and TA in the same individual is rare. We report two cases treated with biologic agents. Case 1: A 16-year-old male presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting. CT angiogram showed thickening of the terminal ileum, wall thickening and narrowing of multiple large and medium arteries including aorta and left common carotid. Colonoscopy with biopsy of the stenotic ileocecal valve confirmed CD. Resected carotid artery pathology was consistent with TA. Treatment was initially begun with prednisone, then methotrexate was started followed by infliximab. Due to side effects, methotrexate was switched to azathioprine. He remained asymptomatic. Case 2: A 38-year-old male with well-characterized Crohn's ileocolitis for 15 years, who had been treated with prednisone, mesalamine, sulfasalazine, and azathioprine presented with chest, upper back and abdominal pain. CT angiogram showed vasculitis of large and medium arteries, with stenosis of the right renal artery, and wall thickening of the sigmoid colon. He was diagnosed with TA. He underwent treatment with infliximab and adalumimab on different occasions, which were later discontinued due to fever, bacteremia and complications from sepsis. He remained on prednisone and azathioprine. In these two patients with both CD and TA the diagnoses were confirmed by imaging and pathologic findings. Both patients developed vascular complications. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy was effective in one patient but discontinued in the other due to infection. Further research into the association of CD and TA may provide clues to their etiologies and guide effective interventions. Case Reports in Gastroenterology 01/2010; 4(1):35-40.


The Malta Communications Authority (MCA) has issued a decision (MCA/D/13-1475) on broadband quality of service (QoS) standards obliging internet service providers (ISPs) to make additional information available to users and the regulator, such as advertising a typical speed range (TSR) for each of its tariffs. Under the new rules, ISPs are required to measure and report to the MCA QoS parameters, including data transmission speed, internet access availability, latency and packets lost. Further, ISPs must display a TSR in any advertising material, at the point of sale and in all subscriber contracts, giving it the same importance as the headline speed. The TSR for existing tariffs is to be calculated on a quarterly basis by analysing the connection speed of a statistical sample of customers, representative of all connections under the same headline speed, over the course of thirty days. The 80th and 20th percentile marks are then used as the TSR for the package. For new tariffs, ISPs must use ‘realistic and prudent estimates’ based on existing network information to give a TSR. If the estimated TSR should differ significantly from the actual figure, the provider must inform its customers.
The decision also covers the inclusion of additional data in subscriber contracts, such as maximum time for initial connection and disconnection, repair time for faults and minimum access speeds for internet services.


Publication Details
The acquisition of stimulus equivalence in individuals with fragile X syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2006; (Pt 9): 643-51
Few studies have employed stimulus equivalence procedures to teach individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) new skills. To date, no studies of stimulus equivalence have been conducted in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common known cause of inherited ID.


Abstract:
Stringano, E., Gea, A., Salminen, J-P, Mueller-Harvey, I. J. Chromatogr. A 2011, 1218, 7804-7812.
This study was undertaken to explore gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for estimating molecular weights of proanthocyanidin fractions isolated from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). The results were compared with data obtained by thiolytic degradation of the same fractions. Polystyrene, polyethylene glycol and polymethyl methacrylate standards were not suitable for estimating the molecular weights of underivatized proanthocyanidins. Therefore, a novel HPLC-GPC method was developed based on two serially connected PolarGel-L columns using DMF that contained 5% water, 1% acetic acid and 0.15 M LiBr at 0.7 mL/min and 50 oC. This yielded a single calibration curve for galloyl glucoses (trigalloyl glucose, pentagalloyl glucose), ellagitannins (pedunculagin, vescalagin, punicalagin, oenothein B, gemin A), proanthocyanidins (procyanidin B2, cinnamtannin B1), and several other polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin gallate, epicallocatechin gallate, amentoflavone). These GPC predicted molecular weights represented a considerable advance over previously reported HPLC-GPC methods for underivatized proanthocyanidins.


We know to stay away from people when they're sick with the flu—but what about when our friends, family, and colleagues are stressed or angry?
The moods of others may be just as contagious as their germs, suggests Monmouth University professor Gary W. Lewandowski, Jr., in an article written for
Scientific American .Psychologists dubbed this as "emotional contagion," a phenomenon that Lewandowski describes in three steps:
1. Our nonconscious mind mimics facial expressions through our Mirror Neuron System. This system records expressions and body movements of another person's smile or scowl. In response, it signals activity to
your facial muscles, causing a mirrored expression on your face.2. The expression generated by nonconscious mimicry spirals into a corresponding emotion. When you smile, you generate happiness within yourself. When you scowl, you trigger anger.
3. You and the other person will share these experiences until you reach a shared emotional state.
It's wonderful to catch another person's good mood, but should you run away when a friend is upset? How do we shield ourselves from others' negativity?
Let's say your day is humming right along, and you're in the flow, perhaps celebrating a personal victory or simply in a state of silent appreciation for the blessings in your life. When all of a sudden—wham! You cross paths with someone who is down on their luck, in a foul mood, or is otherwise irritable.
In the presence of this person you no longer feel quite so happy. You start to catch their emotions, feeling resentful, annoyed, and or perhaps downright depressed.
In these situations you're faced with a choice: You can either invite the other person to synchronize with your emotional state, or you'll unwittingly synchronize with theirs.
The next time you find yourself dealing with someone who's angry, depressed, or otherwise oozing negativity, try this technique from Marci Shimoff's
Happy for No Reason course:1. Keep your emotional balance by tuning in to your body. Deepen your breathing, and notice any sensations that arise within you. This will keep you from a knee-jerk reaction.
2. Point out the positive—gently and without judgment. Most people who are feeling cranky and upset aren't deliberately trying to bring others down. Look beyond their behavior and you'll see that they're just trying to find a way to feel some relief.
3. Offer a lighthearted comment—or better yet, a bit of praise or appreciation—and they may see the situation from a new perspective. When you can't think of anything positive to say, know that simply staying neutral in the face of their negativity is a gift in itself.


Nexium.
No Prescription Nexium is prescribed to patients who are suffering from ulcers and for patients who have abnormally high stomach acidity. Nexium is prescribed for the treatment of acid-reflux disorders (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease. Nexium is in a class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) which block the production of acid by the stomach. Proton pump inhibitors are used for the treatment of conditions such as stomach and duodenal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome which all are caused by stomach acid. Nexium, like other proton-pump inhibitors, blocks the enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid. By blocking the enzyme, the production of acid is decreased, and this allows the stomach and esophagus to heal. Side Effects The most common side effects are: - Abnormal heartbeat; - Diarrhea; - Dizziness; - Headaches; - Leg cramps; - Muscle pain; - Nausea; - Nervousness; - Rash; - Vomiting; - Water retention; - Weakness; Side effects regularly include: - Nausea; - Headache; - Dryness of mouth; - Diarrhea; - Constipation; - Abdominal Upsets; - Constipation; - Diarrhoea; - Headache; - Nausea; - Vomiting; Contraindications Nexium is contraindicated if you have any of the following conditions: - If you are pregnant, trying for a baby or breast-feeding; - If you have noticed any of the following: major weight loss, continuously being sick or noticing blood in your sick, difficulty swallowing, or blood in your stools; - If you take a medicine called atazanavir; Overdose Reported Nexium overdose symptoms are: - Sweating; - Rapid heartbeat; - Nausea; - Dry mouthflushingheadache; - Drowsiness; - Confusion; - Blurred vision; Other Brand Names In some countries Nexium may also be known as: - Axagon; - Esopral; - Lucen; - Nexiam; - Nexium IV; - Nexium; Form. Capsules: 20 milligrams, Capsules: 40 milligrams; Intravenous: 20, Intravenous: 40 milligrams. Dosage. For GERD, 20 or 40 milligrams of Nexium is given once daily for 4-8 weeks. For the treatment of H. pylori, 40 milligrams is administered once daily in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin for 10 days. Nexium capsules should be administered one hour before meals, swallowed whole and should not be crushed or chewed. Patients with difficulty swallowing can open the capsule and mix the pellets with applesauce. The applesauce should not be hot and the pellets should not be chewed or crushed.


Significance and Use
The amount of cobalt drier used in oxidizing-type coatings significantly affects their drying properties. This test method may be used to confirm the stated cobalt content of a pure liquid cobalt drier soluble in glacial acetic acid and manufactured for use by the coatings industry.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a titrimetric determination of cobalt in liquid paint driers that can be dissolved in glacial acetic acid and utilizes the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dihydrate (EDTA).
1.2 This test method is not applicable to drier blends. If driers other than cobalt are present, they may interfere by reacting with EDTA under the conditions used for analysis.
1.3 All cations that can be titrated with EDTA in alkaline media interfere and must not be present in the sample.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D600 Specification for Liquid Paint Driers
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
Keywords
cobalt drier analysis; EDTA method; Paint driers; Cobalt content; EDTA method;
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 87.060.99 (Other paint ingredients)
DOI: 10.1520/D2373-05R11 ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. Citing ASTM Standards
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[show abstract] [hide abstract]ABSTRACT: Proteolytic cleavage of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) by calpains impairs calcium homeostasis, leading to a delayed calcium overload and excitotoxic cell death. However, it is not known whether reversal of the exchanger contributes to activate calpains and trigger neuronal death. We investigated the role of the reversal of the NCX in Ca(2+) dynamics, calpain activation and cell viability, in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptor-stimulated hippocampal neurons. Selective overactivation of AMPA receptors caused the reversal of the NCX, which accounted for approximately 30% of the rise in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). The NCX reverse-mode inhibitor, 2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea (KB-R7943), partially inhibited the initial increase in [Ca(2+)](i), and prevented a delayed increase in [Ca(2+)](i). In parallel, overactivation of AMPA receptors strongly activated calpains and led to the proteolysis of NCX3. KB-R7943 prevented calpain activation, cleavage of NCX3 and was neuroprotective. Silencing of NCX3 reduced Ca(2+) uptake, calpain activation and was neuroprotective. Our data show for the first time that NCX reversal is an early event following AMPA receptor stimulation and is linked to the activation of calpains. Since calpain activation subsequently inactivates NCX, causing a secondary Ca(2+) entry, NCX may be viewed as a new suicide substrate operating in a Ca(2+)-dependent loop that triggers cell death and as a target for neuroprotection. Cell Death and Differentiation 10/2007; 14(9):1635-46. · 8.85 Impact Factor


Title Date of Award 8-11-2006
Degree Type Dissertation
Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department Computer Information Systems
First Advisor Mark Keil - Co-Chair
Second Advisor Arun Rai - Co-Chair
Third Advisor Edward Rigdon
Fourth Advisor Lynette Kvasny
Abstract Digital inequality, or the disparity in the access and use of information and communication technologies (ICT), is one of the most critical issues in the knowledge economy. This inequality prevents under-privileged people from exploring digital opportunities to enhance their life quality. Governments, business, and the public have devoted tremendous resources to address this issue, but the results are inconclusive. Theoretical understanding, complemented with theory-based empirical assessment of the phenomenon, is essential to inform effective policy-making and interventions. This dissertation explored the key factors that lead to the inequality in the access and use of ICT, particularly the high-speed Internet, between the privileged and under-privileged. I applied a belief-based perspective to understand how distinctive beliefs concerning ICT acceptance differentially influence under-privileged and privileged people¡¦s innovation decision and behavior at different stages of the implementation process. A theoretical model that drew upon the Theory of Planned Behavior, Motivation Theory, Social Learning Theory, Diffusion of Innovation, and Trust was developed to explain how cognitive, social, behavioral, and institutional factors inform digital inequality as a whole. The conceptual model and forwarded hypotheses in the dissertation were empirically tested using data collected from a large-scale field survey. The survey investigated the adoption and usage behavior of residents in the city of LaGrange, Georgia where the city government, aiming to address digital inequality, provided high-speed Internet connection and devices to residents at no cost. A complementary case study was subsequently conducted to examine a multi-stage process model in which various barriers and facilitators may prevent or promote the progress of individuals¡¦ ICT innovation. The results of this research reveal valuable insights into the differential patterns of ICT access and usage, and the key factors that cause them, for under-privileged and privileged people. The findings, in turn, suggest a segmentation and stepwise technology implementation strategy for people with different backgrounds and at different stages of their innovation processes. This dissertation makes several notable contributions for both researchers and practitioners. First, the dissertation contributes a holistic and theoretically grounded perspective that extends beyond the technology-centered view in most digital inequality studies. It also highlights the multifaceted nature of the phenomenon. As such, this research meets the challenge set forward by notable researchers to develop theoretical models capable of revealing the complexity embedded in this issue. Second, the dissertation presents a unifying theory reflected upon adoption and diffusion of innovation. Testing theories in the context of digital inequality extends and complements our existing knowledge about these related fields. Most importantly, the empirical findings derived from the rich data set identity powerful leverage points for stimulating the adoption and use of ICT among the under-privileged. With such insights, practitioners, particularly policy-makers and service providers, can formulate effective interventions to address the problem of digital inequality.
Recommended Citation HSIEH, JJ PO-AN, "Leverage Points for Addressing Digital Inequality: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective" (2006). Computer Information Systems Dissertations. Paper 14. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/14


We examined (a) whether motivational orientation can spread from teachers to students during 2 consecutive teachingâlearning sessions and (b) mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in a special physical education session delivered to high school students. Participants who were taught a sport activity by an allegedly paid instructor reported lower interest in learning and exhibited less persistence in a free-choice period than students taught by a supposedly volunteer instructor, despite receiving the same standardized lesson across experimental conditions. When participants taught the activity to their peers in a subsequent unconstrained learning session, lower levels of interest and behavioral persistence were also exhibited by learners who received the second lesson. A structural equati… Journal of Educational Psychology via MedWorm.com


Strouble Farms Ltd Payment Breakdown Subsidy Program Total Payments 1995-2012 Total USDA - Subsidies$305,314 Subtotal, Farming Subsidies $303,164 Subtotal, Disaster Payments $2,150
Commodity subsidy breakdown Subsidy Program Total Payments 1995-2012 Subtotal, Farming Subsidies$303,164 Total Direct Payments $57,691 Direct Program Payments - 2008 Farm Bill $18,952 Direct Payment - Corn $24,897 Direct Payment - Oats $354 Direct Payment - Soybeans $8,403 Direct Payment - Wheat $5,085 Total Counter Cyclical Payments $10,233 Counter Cyclical Payment - Corn $10,233 Production Flexibility Contracts $67,968 Production Flexibility - Corn $58,423 Production Flexibility - Oats $464 Production Flexibility - Wheat $9,081 Mkt. Loss Asst. - Commodity Crops $38,981 Market Loss Assistance - Corn $33,728 Market Loss Assistance - Oats $248 Market Loss Assistance - Wheat $5,005 Market Loss Assistance - Non-commodity $9,221 Market Loss Assistance - Dairy $9,221 Oilseed Program $3,310 Oilseed Program - Soybean $3,310 Deficiency Payments $-4,572 Deficiency - Corn $-3,939 Deficiency - Wheat $-633 Loan Deficiency Payments $86,973 Loan Deficiency - Corn $39,954 Loan Deficiency - Oats $938 Loan Deficiency - Soybeans $36,604 Loan Deficiency - Wheat $9,477 Total Dairy Program $33,359 Milk Income Loss Contract Payment $25,429 Milk Income Loss Transitional Payment $5,736 Dairy Ecomonic Loss Assistance Program $2,194
Disaster subsidy breakdown Subsidy Program Total Payments 1995-2012 Subtotal, Disaster Payments$2,150 Misc. Disaster Payments $732 Quality Losses Program $732 Livestock Compensation Program $1,418
Note: The information on conservation spending for 2011and 2012 are incomplete due to missing data from USDA's Natural Resource Conservation Service. In addition some payments made in 2010 were not assigned to recipients in the data received from NRCS. Those payments are also not included.The information provided for the Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) provides an inaccurate picture of how WRP payments are distributed. USDA's Natural Resource Conservation Service uses title companies as intermediaries to finalize wetlands easements under the Wetlands Reserve Program. As a result, the data provided to us shows large sums of money going to these title companies. In reality, the payments are ultimately distributed to landowners participating in the WRP.
Unfortunately, NRCS has not provided the data to show where these farms and wetlands are located or which farmers or landowners are enrolling in the program, so EWG is unable to allocate these large sums of money to individuals beyond the title companies. Therefore, these companies skew the conservation rankings and payment concentration, which EWG cannot avoid unless and until NRCS makes available the additional farm attribution data. Therefore, we have not included WRP payments in the 2011 or 2012 data update.
We have separated data on farm commodity, disaster and conservation payments in order to provide a more accurate picture of top recipients and concentration of payments among the three main categories of USDA programs.
Finally, EWG works hard to ensure the accuracy of the information it provides through its products and services, but obtains data for the Farm Subsidy Database from the U.S. Department of Agriculture pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act. Therefore, EWG cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information USDA provides or any analysis based thereon. If you find an error or discrepancy on the site, please contact your local USDA Farm Service Agency office to check its records before contacting EWG.


Published July 1, 2008. The key to avoiding the charred skin and dried-out meat that plague most grilled chicken breasts is all in how you set up the fire.
Grilling chicken breasts isn't all that easy to get right. Burnt, limp skin and sooty, parched meat are too often the reality.
The perfectly grilled chicken breast should be cooked bone-in with the skin on for extra flavor and juiciness, the smoke-infused meat tender and succulent, and the skin golden and crisp.
Brining the chicken breasts for an hour or so before grilling helped ensure juicy, seasoned meat throughout, but consistency was an issue. We needed to focus on developing a precise grilling technique to minimize temperature fluctuation, thereby ensuring perfect meat every time. To do so, we created a sort of oven within an oven by covering the chicken with a piece of foil before closing the lid. This approach, combined with cooking the breasts skin-side down on the cooler half of a modified two-level fire, finished cooking all six of the chicken breasts simultaneously. But we had one remaining problem: flabby skin. To solve it we developed a three-step dance: Cook the chicken on all sides over the hotter part of the grill until lightly browned; move it to the cooler half and cover with foil; finish the breasts on the hotter side, cooking on both sides until the skin is brown and crisp.
list of recipes


by Cathrine Hagem and Bjart Holtsmark - We argue that the CDM is not an efficient tool for achieving deep cuts in global emissions and conclude that maintaining the CDM as an option for developing countries may in itself be a serious obstacle to more binding participation by these countries. Hagem, C. and B. Holtsmark (2009). "Does the Clean Development Mechanism have a viable future?" Statistics Norway, Research Department, Discussion Papers No. 577, February.


Libya Special Weapons Guide
Following a series of consultations in Tripoli on this issue, UNSMIL began facilitating informal coordination among the Libyan authorities, Member States providing or offering assistance, and the relevant international organizations, including the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This informal group serves, on a temporary basis, to facilitate information flows on actual or suspected chemical, nuclear or other non-conventional arms, material and sites, including security conditions at such sites, and on offers of assistance by international partners.
The National Transitional Council forces appear to be controlling all relevant chemical and nuclear material sites; centralized command and control remains a concern. Although IAEA has recognized the importance of verifying and safeguarding existing nuclear materials, its primary immediate concern was to account for nuclear material used for commercial and medical purposes. Regarding stocks of uranium fissile material (“yellowcake”), IAEA has noted that these do not pose a major proliferation concern or radiological hazard. Discussions with Libya are under way for possible missions by IAEA to cover both safeguards and nuclear security-related activities.
On 3 November 2011, a team of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons carried out an inspection at the Ruwagha depot in the south-east of the country, the first since February 2011. It confirmed that the depot’s full stockpiles of sulphur mustard and other chemical agents remained in place, and it took further measures to ensure the integrity of the stockpiles until destruction operations can resume under verification by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Importantly, however, two previously undeclared sites have been identified and secured by Libyan counterparts in recent weeks. The Libyan authorities officially notified the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons of the discoveries on 1 November, and that organization will continue to work with the Libyan authorities to verify and destroy any newly declared stocks.
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An environmental group is suing the U.S. Forest Service for not protecting the endangered Mexican spotted owl that resides in the national forests of the Southwest. The Mexican spotted owl was one of the first animals to be listed on the Endangered Species Act of 1993. However, its population remains low and in certain areas is declining and its habitat diminishing.
The WildEarth Guardianss allege the U.S. Forest Service is considering projects that would further endanger the spotted owl such as allowing commercial timber harvesting and grazing. It also alleges the U.S. Forest Service is not following protocol called for in the Endangered Species Act that would provide detailed impact assessments of any activity occurring on the 8 million protected acres. The suit only covers projects being proposed in Arizona and New Mexico but the protected national areas span two other states, not part of the lawsuit, Utah and Colorado


The National Myopia Prevention Programme aims to reduce/delay the onset and progression of myopia among children in Singapore through a multi-pronged approach.
Singapore has one of the highest prevalence rates in the world for myopia. This is a cause for concern as the earlier a child develops myopia, the higher the tendency of developing severe myopia later in life. It is important to be aware that severe myopia may lead to complications which can result in blindness.
The Health Promotion Board (HPB) launched the National Myopia Prevention Programme (NMPP) in August 2001 with the aim of preventing and reducing myopia progression as well as to delay the onset of myopia in children. This is achieved mainly through public education and vision screening for children.
Vision screening aims to detect poor vision early so that children can be referred for vision correction. It is conducted for Kindergarten1 and Kindergarten 2 students at the pre-schools. For the primary and secondary students, it is conducted as part of the annual health screening.
Preschoolers and Primary 1 students found to have poor visual acuity (of 6/12 or worse) are referred to Refraction Clinics at Geylang Polyclinic and the Student Health Centre at HPB. Students from other educational levels are given a referral letter to visit a private optometrist of their choice. In addition to vision screening, there are other various myopia prevention activities that reach out to the public and schools to educate children, parents and teachers on good eye care habits.


Everyone in the world depends on the oceans for resources, transportation of goods, tourism, food, climate regulation, and natural beauty. Yet within a few decades, our oceans may be devastated by a human-created environmental…more
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Becoming World Wise offers an integrated approach to cross-cultural learning aimed at transforming our consciousness while also contributing to the flourishing of the communities that host us.This book guides independent and purposeful learners considering destinations off the “beaten path” on connecting with a wider world. Whether traveling on their own, or as part of a group arranged by an educational institution, humanitarian organization, or congregation, this book will enable them to make their international encounter rewarding, authentic, enriching, and learning-oriented.
While primarily intended for foreign study and service situations, the ideas are just as relevant to intercultural learning within domestic settings. In a “globalized” world, diverse cultures intermingle near and far, at home and abroad.


Keep bugs away this holiday | Health This time of year is bustling with holiday travels and families are preparing to gather for the season.
The unfortunate reality is that some of our favorite things can lead to the spreading of bedbugs this holiday season. Intense travel, like that during the holidays, allows the pests to spread from one location to another.
Although they are found in beds, many neglect to think of other places bedbugs can be found. Sitting on a plane or in the seats waiting at your terminal before boarding can be a prime time for bedbugs to latch on from the previous sitter. They won’t begin biting until you’re settled such as on the long flight or once you’ve reached your bed that night (whether it be at home, a hotel or family’s house).
Many families take in a holiday movie. Unfortunately movie theaters have become a place where bedbugs spread as well. Even a stack of coats at holiday parties can spread bedbugs. Please find the tips below from Terminix, the nation’s largest pest control company, which can help curb the spread of bedbugs this holiday season.
Try getting to movie theaters early to brush seats and check between seats and armrests for signs of infestation. Check plane seats for sign of infestation. If you feel that you have been through an area where many pass through, such as airports, wash travel clothing in warm water and run through a warm dryer cycle once you reach your home. Be mindful of strong, musty odors permeating from seats, beds, clothing or linens. This odor is a sign of infestation. Hang all clothing, including winter coats, to prevent spreading from laying clothing on furniture or beds. Party hosts, the bed of blankets could be unsanitary for both you and your guests. Instead hang them in a coat closet. Upon returning home, leave suitcases in the basement or garage until you have had the opportunity to inspect for bedbugs. Vacuum luggage thoroughly. If you suspect bedbugs to be in your home, have it inspected by a professional. Do-it-yourself remedies traditionally worsen the situation. Terminix offers free, no-obligation home inspections.


I
IBP - One of the three largest beef-packing companies.
immunity - Ability of an animal to resist or overcome infection.
implant - To graft or insert material to intact tissues.
inbreeding - Mating of individuals more closely related than the average individuals in a population. Inbreeding increases homozygosity in the cattle population but does not change gene frequency.
income Difference between revenue and expenses that is referred to as net income; gross income refers to total income.
income statement - Financial statement that summarizes all revenues and expenses and used to determine the net income or net loss for a given period of time, usually a year.
independent culling level - Selection method whereby minimum acceptable phenotypic levels are assigned to several traits.
index - Overall merit rating of an animal.
inflation - General increase in prices that decreases the purchasing power of a dollar.
insemination - Deposition of semen in the female reproductive tract.
intake - The amount of feed consumed by an animal per day. Intake is usually expressed as a percent of bodyweight or in pounds per day.
integrated resource management (IRM) - Multidisciplinary approach to managing cattle more efficiently and profitably; management decisions are based on how all resources are affected.
integration - Bringing together of two or more segments of beef production and processing under one centrally organized unit.
intensive grazing management (IGM) - Grazing management where a grazing unit is subdivided into subunits (paddocks) with grazing periods typically less than 5 days.
intensive rotational grazing - Synonymous with “intensive grazing management.”
interest rate - Charge or fee associated with borrowed money.
intermuscular fat - Fat located between muscle systems. Also called seam fat.
intramuscular fat - Fat within the muscle or marbling.
inter se mating - Mating of animals within a defined population. Literally to mate among themselves.
intravenous - Within the vein. An intravenous injection is made into a vein.
in vitro - Outside the living body; in a test tube or artificial environment.
in vivo - Within the living body.
involution - Return of an organ to its normal size or condition after being enlarged (e.g., the uterus after parturition). A decline in size or activity of other tissues; the mammary gland tissues normally involute with advancing lactation.
ionophore - Antibiotic that enhances feed efficiency by changing microbial fermentation in the rumen.
IRM - See integrated resource management (IRM).


The role of tectonic uplift, climate and vegetation in the long-term terrestrial phosphorous cycle
1Max Planck Institut für Biogeochemie, P.O. Box 10 01 64, 07701 Jena, Germany2Department of Civil Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAAbstract. Phosphorus (P) is a crucial element for life and therefore for maintaining ecosystem productivity. Its local availability to the terrestrial biosphere results from the interaction between climate, tectonic uplift, atmospheric transport and biotic cycling. Here we present a mathematical model that describes the terrestrial P-cycle in a simple but comprehensive way. The resulting dynamical system can be solved analytically for steady-state conditions, allowing us to test the sensitivity of the P-availability to the key parameters and processes. Given constant inputs, we find that humid ecosystems exhibit lower P availability due to higher runoff and losses, and that tectonic uplift is a fundamental constraint. In particular, we find that in humid ecosystems the biotic cycling seem essential to maintain long-term P-availability. The time-dependent P dynamics for the Franz Josef and Hawaii chronosequences show how tectonic uplift is an important constraint on ecosystem productivity, while hydroclimatic conditions control the P-losses and speed towards steady-state. The model also helps describe how with limited uplift and atmospheric input, as in the case of the Amazon Basin, ecosystems must rely on mechanisms that enhance P-availability and retention. Our analysis underlines the need to include the P cycle in global vegetation-atmosphere models for a reliable representation of the response of the terrestrial biosphere to global change.


In "Vibrant Matter" the political theorist Jane Bennett, renowned for her work on nature, ethics, and affect, shifts her focus from the human experience of things to things themselves. Bennett argues that political theory needs to do a better job of recognizing the active participation of nonhuman forces in events. Toward that end, she theorizes a "vital materiality" that runs through and across bodies, both human and nonhuman. Bennett explores how political analyses of public events might change were we to acknowledge that agency always emerges as the" "effect of ad hoc configurations of human and nonhuman forces. She suggests that recognizing that agency is distributed this way, and is not solely the province of humans, might spur the cultivation of a more responsible, ecologically sound politics: a politics less devoted to blaming and condemning individuals than to discerning the web of forces affecting situations and events.Bennett examines the political and theoretical implications of vital materialism through extended discussions of commonplace things and physical phenomena including stem cells, fish oils, electricity, metal, and trash. She reflects on the vital power of material formations such as landfills, which generate lively streams of chemicals, and omega-3 fatty acids, which can transform brain chemistry and mood. Along the way, she engages with the concepts and claims of Spinoza, Nietzsche, Thoreau, Darwin, Adorno, and Deleuze, disclosing a long history of thinking about vibrant matter in Western philosophy, including attempts by Kant, Bergson, and the embryologist Hans Driesch to name the "vital force" inherent in material forms. Bennett concludes by sketching the contours of a "green materialist" ecophilosophy.


Men benefit more than women from nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation because nicotine affects a key neuroreceptor differently in the two sexes, a NIDA-sponsored study suggests. The findings highlight the need for alternative therapies for women smokers, and point to the female hormone progesterone as a potential therapeutic target.
Marijuana-dependent outpatients who were treated with the medication gabapentin in a pilot clinical trial reduced their cannabis use more and reported fewer symptoms of drug withdrawal than patients who received a placebo.
Soluble-film preparations of buprenorphine suppressed heroin abusers’ withdrawal symptoms with no serious side effects in a recent clinical trial. They dissolved more rapidly in the mouth than the pill form of the medication, providing faster relief.
Sublingual buprenorphine is a safe and effective alternative to methadone for treating opioid dependence during pregnancy, finds the Maternal Opioid Treatment: Human Experimental Research (MOTHER) study, a NIDA-supported clinical trial. Women who received either medication had similar pregnancy and birth outcomes, but infants born to women who received buprenorphine had milder symptoms of neonatal opioid withdrawal.