The Second Bill of Rights and The New Federalist Papers offers a non-partisan package of eleven amendments to the United States Constitution, accompanied by fifty brief essays, all aimed at re-energizing three core principles named by the Founders—limited government, individual freedom, and liberty. As in 1787, these principles are essential in overcoming factional politics in any government administered by some citizens over others. Each essay is contributed anonymously, as James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton contributed to the original Federalist Papers. The Founders established among the States the world’s first free-trade zone—the most fabulous success in history. Unlike so many revolutions on the ash heap of history—the American Revolution succeeded because citizens accepted power as their due, and both freedom and liberty were guaranteed to citizens by the Constitution. The Founders didn’t “talk” about giving power to citizens: they gave it. They did not think they were indispensable; they assured regular transition of power. They did not presume to know what was best for fellow citizens; they encouraged individual choice and responsibility. George Washington described the constitution’s amendment process in a letter to his nephew. He took for granted that experience would reveal the constitution’s imperfections, requiring careful consideration and future amendment by the people. Washington wrote, “I do not think we are more inspired, have more wisdom, or possess more virtue, than those who will come after us.” With this same perspective, and with a focus on principles that unite us rather than divide us, The Second Bill of Rights and the New Federalist Papers: Eleven Amendments to the United States Constitution and Fifty Papers that Present Them offers an innovative, holistic, and humble path forward, a path that Miller and his contributors hope is worthy of Washington’s confidence.


Objectives
Partial seizures are often believed to be associated with EEG signals of low complexity because seizures are associated with increased neural network synchrony. The investigations reported here provide an assessment of the signal complexity of epileptic seizure onsets using newly developed quantitative measures.
Methods
Using the Gabor atom density (GAD) measure of signal complexity, 339 partial seizures in 45 patients with intracranial electrode arrays were analyzed. Segmentation procedures were applied to determine the timing and amplitude of GAD changes relative to the electrographic onset of the seizure.
Results
330 out of 339 seizures have significant complexity level changes, with 319 (97%) having an increase in complexity. GAD increases occur within seconds of the onset of the partial seizure but are not observed in channels remote from the focus. The complexity increase is similar for seizures from mesial temporal origin, neocortical temporal and extra-temporal origin.
Conclusions
Partial onset seizures are associated with early increases in signal complexity as measured by GAD. This increase is independent of the location of the seizure focus.
Significance
Despite the often predominant rhythmic activity that characterizes onset and early evolution of epileptic seizures, partial seizure onset is associated with an early increase in complexity. These changes are common to partial seizures originating from different brain regions, indicating a similar seizure dynamic.


Authors of a study published in the journal ‘The Breast’ state that alcohol’s effect on women who carry a BRCA gene mutation is unclear.
The researchers conducted a case-control study of 1925 matched pairs of predominantly premenopausal women who carry a BRCA1 or a BRCA2 mutation. Information on current alcohol consumption was obtained from a questionnaire administered during the course of genetic counselling or at the time of enrolment.
A modest inverse association between breast cancer and reported current alcohol consumption was observed among women with a BRCA1 mutation (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.70–0.96), but not among women with a BRCA2 mutation (OR = 1.00; 95% CI 0.71–1.41).
The study concluded that compared to non-drinkers, exclusive consumption of wine was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of breast cancer among BRCA1 carriers (p-trend = 0.01).
Alcohol consumption does not appear to increase breast cancer risk in women carrying a BRCA gene mutation.
Source: Alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers The Breast, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 June 2010.


Grow, Baby, Grow! It's part of the normal routine of well-baby care: Your pediatrician measures your child's length, weight, and head circumference and notes them on a chart. You eagerly await the results, excited to hear that your bundle of joy is in the 90th percentile for height (Wow!), the 80th percentile for weight (Cool!), and the 75th percentile for head size (Ooh!). But what do these numbers really mean ? Why are they important? Can they predict what your child will be like in the future?
If you're confused, you're not alone. Here's everything you need to know about baby growth percentiles: where they come from, what they reveal about your child's health, and when you should be concerned.


Gay & Lesbian Issues and Psychology Review, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2009 TO ENTRAP AND EMPOWER: UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF MATERNAL INTUITION WITHIN HETERO- SEXUAL FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS TONI DELANY Abstract Introduction Throughout this paper I explore the concept Intuition refers to a way of knowing; that is, a of maternal intuition and argue that it serves way of understanding, interpreting and ex- multiple, and sometimes contradictory, func- plaining events that occur in our lives. The tions within heterosexual family relationships. concept of intuition has been applied within In one sense a belief in the power of maternal various academic disciplines to explain forms intuition serves to reinforce gendered child of knowledge that arise from an “inner wis- care dynamics by naturalising the position of dom” (Staton Savage, 2006, pp. 10,13). Given women as primary caregivers. Concurrently, the widespread application of the concept, the this process may exclude and excuse men relevant literature is dispersed across various from equal parenting responsibility. However, academic fields. Multiple definitions of intuition maternal intuition can also operate to provide have been developed across these fields in women a means of social empowerment. This conjunction with different understandings occurs particularly through the role of intuition about the origins and potential applications of in providing evidence of a woman’s ability to intuitive knowledge (Hodgkinson, Langan-Fox fulfil the role of ‘good’ mother. The ideas that & Sadler-Smith, 2008). I will provide a brief are developed in this paper are drawn from a introduction to the concept of intuition by discourse analysis of narratives collected dur- identifying some of the main ideas that per- ing in-depth interviews. The interviews were meate the existing literature. I will then focus with 28 women who mother children with con- specifically on exploring the concept of mater- genital health problems. Throughout the nal intuition through an analysis of interview analysis various theories are applied in order data. to explore the origins and effects of maternal intuition from both a biologically determinist The existing literature on intuition can be and social perspective. The findings of the grouped loosely into five main categories. analysis extend existing theory, particularly First, there is a considerable body of literature about the operation of intuition within hetero- about the psychological origins of intuition. sexual parenting relationships and about its Within this work intuition is generally regarded role in reinforcing maternal responsibilities. as a form of thought which involves uncon- sciously accessing information previously Keywords: Maternal intuition, parenting, ma- stored in the brain (Hodgkinson et al., 2008). ternal responsibility, biological determinism. Due to the unconscious nature of this process, intuitive knowledge is commonly interpreted ————————————————————————— as arising from a ‘feeling’, a ‘sense’ or a 1 The data presented in this paper focus solely on ‘hunch’ rather than from explainable thought how maternal intuition operates within heterosexual relationships. While some of the findings presented processes (Hodgkinson et al


Bacteria could be exploited to recapture dwindling phosphate reserves from wastewater according to research presented at the Society for General Microbiology's Spring Conference in Dublin this week.
Phosphorus – in the form of phosphate - is essential for all living things as a component of DNA and RNA and its role in cellular metabolism. Around 38 million tonnes of phosphorus are extracted each year from rock. Most of this extracted phosphorus goes into the production of fertilizers to replace the phosphates that plants remove from the soil. However, it is a scare natural resource and current estimates suggest that reserves of phosphate rock may only last for the next 45-100 years.
Researchers at Queen's University Belfast (QUB) are developing a novel biological process to remove extracted phosphate from wastewater – where it ultimately ends up after manufacturing. Dr John McGrath who is leading the project explained, "Phosphate in wastewater is a pollutant that causes increased growth of algae and plants, reducing the oxygen available for aquatic organisms. This is known as eutrophication and poses the single biggest threat to water quality in Northern Ireland and indeed globally."
The work at QUB has focused on microorganisms that capture and store phosphate from wastewater, and how this process varies under different nutritional and environmental conditions. "A variety of microbes in wastewater accumulate phosphorus inside their cells and store it as a biopolymer known as polyphosphate. In some cases, this can represent up to 20% of the dry weight of the microorganism!" explained Dr McGrath. "If we can harness this process we have a feasible biotechnological route to remove and recycle phosphate from wastewater."
The team have recently discovered a physiological 'shock' treatment which significantly increases microbial uptake of phosphorus and its accumulation inside cells. "It's similar to jumping into the sea on a winter's day – the first thing you do is take a sharp intake of breath. When we shock the microorganisms, their response is to take in phosphorus," explained Dr McGrath. "We've demonstrated this using activated sludge, containing a variety of microbes, from wastewater treatment works and shown this shock treatment is effective at producing a phosphorus-rich biomass suitable for phosphorus recycling."
Dr McGrath believes that developing such biotechnological processes is essential for regenerating valuable mineral resources. "No alternative to phosphorus exists – we urgently need to find ways of recovering and recycling phosphates. It's a pollutant we can't live without." he said. "Phosphates are currently removed from wastewater by chemical methods, however this is expensive and results in the production of large volumes of sludge. In contrast, the process we are developing is sustainable and efficient."
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Congressional Record: October 12, 2001 (Extensions) Page E1880 INTELLIGENCE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2002 ______ speech of HON. RON PAUL of texas in the house of representatives Friday, October 5, 2001 The House in Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union had under consideration the bill. (H.R. 2883) to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2002 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes: Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, HR 2883, the Intelligence Authorization Act, is brought before us today under a process which denies members of Congress our constitutional right as elected officials to be informed on crucial aspects of the programs we are asked to authorize. Information about this bill is limited to dollars amounts and personnel ceilings for the individual intelligence programs and even that information is restricted to viewing in a classified annex available to members during regular business hours for "security reasons." Given the many questions the American people have about the performance of the intelligence agencies prior to September 11, and the many concerns as to whether the intelligence agencies can effectively respond to the challenges of international terrorism, I believe that the American people would be well served by a full debate on the ways the intelligence community plans to respond to these challenges. I also believe the American people would be well-served if members of Congress could debate the prudence of activities authorized under this bill, such as using taxpayer monies for drug interdiction, is an efficient use of intelligence resources or if those resources could be better used to counter other, more significant threats. Perhaps the money targeted for drug interdiction and whether it should be directed to anti-terrorism efforts. However, Mr. Speaker, such a debate cannot occur when members are denied crucial facts regarding the programs authorized in this bill or, at a minimum, are not free to debate in an open forum. Therefore, Congress is denied a crucial opportunity to consider how we might improve America's intelligence programs. We are told that information about this bill must be limited to a select few for "security reasons." However, there are other ways to handle legitimate security concerns than by limiting the information to those members who happen to sit on the Intelligence Committee. If any member were to reveal information that may compromise the security of the United States, I certainly would support efforts to punish that member for violating his office and the trust of his country. I believe that if Congress and the Executive Branch exercised sufficient political will to make it known that any member who dared reveal damaging information would suffer full punishment of the law, there would not be a serious risk of a member leaking classified information. In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, it is inexcusable for members to be denied crucial facts regarding the intelligence program authorized by this bill, especially at a time when the nation's attention is focused on security issues. Therefore, I hope my colleagues will reject HR 2883 and all other intelligence authorization or funding bills until every member of Congress is allowed to fully perform their constitutional role of overseeing these agencies and participating in the debate on this vital aspect of America's national security policy. ____________________


Read More: Success, Careers, Leadership, Deirdre Maloney, Goals, Self-Help, Life Transition, Emotional Wellness, Transitions, Life Goals, Career, Life Changes, Life Change, Goal, Journey, Life Journey, Life Goal, Healthy Living NewsAs we prepare to turn the page on 2012 and ring in 2013, it's highly likely that most of us will be making resolutions regarding weight loss that go something like, "I want to lose 30 pounds in three months." Over the past 20 years, I have come to realize that having a goal by itself does not lead to success.


Why I don't buy presents for kids Gifts under the Christmas tree.
Picking out gifts is one of my favorite things. And really the only child in my life is my 2-year-old nephew, who I'm obsessed with. I love this little guy and wish I had the money to shower him in squeaky toys, stuffed animals and adorable designer shoes. Before his 2nd birthday party, I stopped at a kids store, one of the nice ones with wooden stoves and intricately painted pretend food. I saw so many things I wanted to get him. I could picture us playing with a dollhouse and giggling about shiny, pop-up storybooks. Oh the fun we'd have, bonding over all the stuff I bought him.
Shopping for him was exciting and addictive, a lot like shopping for myself. I've accumulated thousands of dollars in credit card debt from self-gifting. Knowing those bills were waiting on me at home made it tough for me to justify buying more stuff, even if it was for my precious nephew.
I left the store without a gift, and arrived at his two-year bash empty-handed. Ashamed, I sat on my hands during the present-opening and felt a pang of regret when his face lit up at a new train set. I wished that I was the one who had gotten it for him, this beloved new treasure that would surely bring him endless hours of entertainment and perhaps even plant the seeds for a career as a conductor. Then, an amazing thing happened: my young nephew put the gift box on his head like a hat and danced around with equal delight. That's when I decided that this gift-free approach would be my new norm.
I will not buy him presents: not for his birthdays, not for Christmas, not just because. Buying stuff didn't make me happy. And I'm willing to guess that me buying him stuff won't make either of us happy. Instead, I've named a savings account for him and after that party, I made the first deposit. Last week when I was tempted by the cutest pint-sized puffy vest, I made another. On my limited budget, I'd rather play the long game with that money than buy something he might love for a minute…or might not.
I'm saving for him instead of spending on him, something I've never done for myself. I look forward to one day transferring the account to him. Until then, I'll remain the only one at the party sitting on my hands, but no longer ashamed.


Can business play a role in creating a peaceful society? That’s what participants explored during a June 24-25 conference hosted by the Institute for Corporate Responsibility. Tim Fort, interim director of the institute and Lindner-Gambal Professor of Business Ethics, hosted the 12th in a series of conferences on how businesses can contribute to the creation of peaceful societies. The most recent workshops have focused on religion as a catalyst for positive change toward more responsible business practices and more peaceful societies.
The June discussion centered on spiritual traditions rooted in Asia. Last fall, the focus was on these issues within the context of the Abrahamic traditions. During this year’s workshop, participants began a networking process and explored new ideas for empirical and conceptual research for publications in 2011.
Panelists included Rev. David Lowry, director of the Center of Peace and Reconciliation at the Desmond Tutu Center, Susan Heyward of the United States Institute of Peace, Michael Jarvis of the World Bank Institute and Kishor Trivedi of Duke University. Other event highlights included a live videoconference session with Yamashita Shinji and Yasunobu Sato of Tokyo University aimed at bringing together different points of view from across the globe.
Posted by gwsb on July 15, 2010 | Filed under: GWSB News.


Every activity has some Risk involved in it. Analyzing the Risk involved in a transaction is importantto decide whether to proceed with the transaction or not. Risk has been discussed extensively in different areas,like Investment, Finance, Health, Environment, daily life activities and Engineering. All these areas havedifferent interpretations of Risk, which is not suitable to apply to a transaction in the area of Computer Science.In this paper we focus on defining Risk involved during a decentralized transaction in e-commerce.


Many argue that the private sector is more entrepreneurial and innovative than the public sector. Commercial enterprises—responding to market pressures and the need to stay competitive—incorporate new technologies into their operations as a way to boost efficiency and productivity. In contrast, government agencies don’t have customers in the traditional sense and aren’t required to show a profit on their revenues. Most public departments have multiple constituents, such as voters, taxpayers, legislators, administrators, the media, advocacy organizations, and nonprofit organizations. Still, to understand the real factors facilitating technology innovation and advancing entrepreneurship, systematic data evaluating innovation in business and government is needed. The following paper evaluates the websites of leading U.S. corporations with state and national governments, grades their overall performance, and examines nearly two dozen features of digital innovation, including: personalization, interactivity, transparency, PDA access, disability access, language translation, number of online services, privacy, security, and user feedback. We found that many government websites lacked multimedia, interactivity, and personalization—key features that allow users to tailor information to their own needs. On the other hand, public sector agencies were more effective at providing disability access than commercial enterprises. When it came to privacy policies, public sector websites also offered stronger consumer protections than commercial sites. Also included in this paper are interviews with key leaders from companies that have implemented successful strategies for developing and maintaining first-rate websites. We draw on their experiences to determine the keys to successful innovation.


Teams represent a dominant approach to getting work done in a business environment. Creativity enables teams to solve problems and leverage opportunities through the integration of divergent thoughts and perspectives. Prior research indicates that a collaborative culture, which affects how team members interact and work together, is a critical antecedent of team creativity. This study explores other antecedents of team creativity, namely, team emotional intelligence and team trust, and investigates the relationships among these precursors to creative effort.
Using a survey of 82 student teams at a large university in the northeast United States, our findings suggest that team emotional intelligence promotes team trust. Trust, in turn, fosters a collaborative culture which enhances the creativity of the team. Cognitive trust also moderates the relationship between collaborative culture and team creativity. Implications of these results for managers and academics are discussed.
Emotional Intelligence 2.0 :: Amazon By now, emotional intelligence (EQ) needs little introduction - it's no secret that EQ is critical to your success. But knowing what emotion


IL-1β reactivity and the development of severe fatigue after military deployment: a longitudinal study
1 Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease (NIDOD), University Medical Center Utrecht, KC.03.068.0, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
2 Research Centre - Military Mental Health, Ministry of Defence, Lundlaan 1, 3584 EZ, Utrecht, the Netherlands
3 Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
4 Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA
5 Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Journal of Neuroinflammation 2012, 9 :205 doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-205Abstract Background It has been suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling to the brain may contribute to severe fatigue. We propose that not only the level of circulating cytokines, but also increased reactivity of target cells to cytokines contributes to the effect of cytokines on behavior. Based on this concept, we assessed the reactivity of peripheral blood cells to IL-1β in vitro as a novel approach to investigate whether severe fatigue is associated with increased pro-inflammatory signaling.
Methods We included 504 soldiers before deployment to a combat-zone. We examined fatigue severity and the response to in vitro stimulation with IL-1β prior to deployment (T0), and 1 (T1) and 6 months (T2) after deployment. IL-8 production was used as read-out. As a control we determined LPS-induced IL-8 production. The presence of severe fatigue was assessed with the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS-20R). Differences in dose–response and the longitudinal course of IL-1β and LPS-induced IL-8 production and fatigue severity were investigated using repeated measures ANOVA.
Results At T2, the group who had developed severe fatigue (n = 65) had significantly higher IL-1β-induced IL-8 production than the non-fatigued group (n = 439). This group difference was not present at T0, but developed over time. Longitudinal analysis revealed that in the non-fatigued group, IL-1β-induced IL-8 production decreased over time, while IL-1β-induced IL-8 production in the fatigued group had not decreased. To determine whether the observed group difference was specific for IL-1β reactivity, we also analyzed longitudinal LPS-induced IL-8 production. We did not observe a group difference in LPS-induced IL-8 production.
Conclusions Collectively, our findings indicate that severe fatigue is associated with a higher reactivity to IL-1β. We propose that assessment of the reactivity of the immune system to IL-1β may represent a promising novel method to investigate the association between behavioral abnormalities and pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling.


Finding God We have all heard evangelists quote from Revelation: “Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and dine with him, and he with Me” (Rev. 3:20). Usually the evangelist applies this text as an appeal to the unconverted, saying: “Jesus is knocking at the door of your heart. If you open the door, then He will come in.” In the original saying, however, Jesus directed His remarks to the church. It was not an evangelistic appeal.
So what? The point is that seeking is something that unbelievers do not do on their own. The unbeliever will not seek. The unbeliever will not knock. Seeking is the business of believers. Jonathan Edwards said, “The seeking of the Kingdom of God is the chief business of the Christian life.” Seeking is the result of faith, not the cause of it.
When we are converted to Christ, we use language of discovery to express our conversion. We speak of finding Christ. We may have bumper sticker that read, “I Found It.” These statements are indeed true. The irony is this: Once we have found Christ it is not the end of our seeking but the beginning. Usually, when we find what we are looking for, it signals the end of our searching. But when we “find” Christ, it is the beginning of our search.
The Christian life begins at conversion; it does not end where it begins. It grows; it moves from faith to faith, from grace to grace, from life to life. This movement of growth is prodded by continual seeking after God.
In your spiritual walk, are you moving from faith to faith, from grace to grace, from life to life? Are you continually seeking after God?


Says states need more flexibility, time Ohio Lieutenant Governor and Department of Insurance Director Mary Taylor, CPA, has submitted
comments on proposed health insurance exchange rules issued this past summer by the federal government.
The proposed rules, released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), laid out the federal government’s interpretation of how states must operate health insurance exchanges, should they choose to do so, starting in 2014.
“States need flexibility to do what is best for their citizens,” Taylor said. “For that reason, I am urging the federal government to consider significant changes to their proposed rules.”
In her comments, Taylor responded to several HHS proposals by reiterating the Ohio Department of Insurance has been a strong regulatory agency on behalf of Ohio businesses and consumers for years. Therefore, state departments of insurance should have the right to work with their businesses, consumers and insurance carriers to implement something that meets their specific needs. Further, she argues states should have the right to make adjustments to their insurance exchanges without seeking federal approval every time they wish to do so.
Taylor also expressed concern over the mandated timelines for creating a compliant exchange without proper, well-defined guidance. Planning in Ohio – and across the country – to this point has involved assumptions and rough projections due to a lack of final guidance from the federal government.
Issues not finalized yet by HHS include what benefits must be covered in plans offered through the exchange, how states might partner with the federal government in running exchanges should they choose to do so and what is required of the technology responsible for running the exchange.


The price of tomatoes has fallen with predictions that they would continue to go down after weeks of skyrocketing prices. A kilogramme of the commodity is now trading at Rwf 300, down from Rwf 600.
According to farmers, the prices are expected to continue dropping even further as two of the major tomato growing areas, Ngoma and Kirehe districts, are expected to register bumper harvests.
However, a tomato farmer in Ngoma District, Chantal Uwanyirigira, complained about the frequent fluctuation of tomato prices.
"The prices are either very high or very low...this has been the case for long which undermines our efforts. Once other areas begin to harvest their produce this season, we expect the tomato prices to fall further," she said.
Most farmers sell their produce in large quantities due to lack of storage facilities.
Meanwhile, bananas, a staple food in Eastern Province, have also registered a price decrease.
According to Rwamagana District Agricultural Officer, Innocent Ukizuru, consumers are spending less on bananas and signs are that they would continue to enjoy low prices up to November when food prices are expected to rise drastically.
"That's how the market forces work...the dictates of supply and demand. A bunch of bananas is now at Rwf 200 from Rwf 600. It's not good for farmers but it's good for consumers," he said.


Sir .—Ekblad and colleagues1 infer from their study that the infusion of sodium acetate corrected acidosis in very-low-birth-weight neonates. However, without controls it might not be valid to make this assumption. It is quite possible that the resolution of metabolic acidosis which they observed might have occurred independent of acetate therapy.In a study of 62 acidemic neonates, Corbet and co-workers2 demonstrated that the correction of serum pH was not significantly effected by the administration of sodium bicarbonate. Arterial pH at 2, 3½, and 6 hours following birth was similar whether infants were given liberal amounts of bicarbonate or none at all. Corbet et al emphasized the importance of adequate ventilation and control of blood pressure in the correction of acidosis.
The metabolic acidosis commonly observed in preterm infants following birth is due to a number of factors. Efforts to establish adequate ventilation, cardiac output, peripheral perfusion, renal


Contracts as a fish bone I was on a panel last week where we were discussing some of the findings from IACCM’s ‘Future of Contracting’ study. One of my co-panellists (the COO of a major insurance company) gave her observations and experiences, especially in the context of outsourcing.
She mentioned that her company, like most organizations, had allowed outsourcing to develop without strong central controls or coordination. While there were rigorous approval processes, individual deals and relationships were typically implemented by a project owner. Over time, it became evident that outsourcers were a key part of the business fabric; indeed, internal research revealed that a total of 153 outsource agreements had ‘emerged’ over the past 10 years.
This had led to realize that they needed a focus on how to make such relationships work better; how to ensure coordinated priorities; how to create an improved balance of rewards and penalties to generate the right behaviors. There were several revelations when it came to contracts and the contracting process:
Contract discussions must occur early in the process. This should be to ensure the right shape to the deal and also to validate needs and capabilities. ‘Storing away the contract is storing away problems’. Contracts must be living instruments of governance and relationship management. The contract is central to relationships and conversations. A failure to keep it updated causes renegotiation to be a major event that occurs when everyone has become unhappy. In a fantastic analogy, mty fellow panellist described the contract as being ‘like the skeleton of a fish – it holds everything together and without it, the fish would simply flop around and go nowhere’.


Title Publication Date November 2000
Abstract This research examines the influence of job satisfaction and three dimensions of organizational commitment (i.e., affective, continuance, and normative) on the intention to leave, job search activity, performance, and leadership effectiveness of executives. Job satisfaction and the commitment dimensions were hypothesized to negatively predict the retention-related variables. Results generally supported the hypotheses. Job satisfaction had the strongest relationship, but both affective and continuance commitment showed an incremental effect even in the presence of job satisfaction. We also hypothesized that job satisfaction and affective commitment would positively and continuance commitment would negatively associate with general performance and leadership. As predicted, job satisfaction associated positively with performance, though not with leadership. Continuance commitment negatively associated with both performance and leadership.


Last July, the
Wall Street Journal reported that China had overtaken the U.S. to become the world's largest energy consumer. According to theWSJ , data gleaned from the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA) confirmed that China's energy consumption surpassed all other nations. The IEA's report showed that China had consumed 2.252 billion tons of oil equivalent in 2009 (a metric that's used to represent all forms of energy consumed, including crude oil, nuclear power, coal, natural gas and renewable sources. Think of it as mpge for a country). For the sake of comparison, the IEA claimed that the U.S. had burned through 2.170 billion tons of oil equivalent in 2009.However, China immediately disputed the IEA's claim, but failed to offer sufficient data to prove that it was not the world's largest energy consumer. Now, there seems to be additional evidence suggesting that China leads way. According to data released by the General Administration of Customs of China Monday, China imported 239 million tons of oil in 2010. This is a 17.5 percent increase over its crude imports in 2009. Furthermore,
China Business News indicates that the increase in imported oil reflects the nation's growing energy demand and reinforces the notion that China has overtaken the U.S. in the position of biggest energy consumer in the world.[Source: People's Daily Online | Image: D'Arcy Norman – C.C. License 2.0]


What is this agile stuff anyway, and why does it work?
Agile teams don't do this. They don't use that. What do they do? What, exactly, makes a project or a team "Agile"? Without lots of pre-ordained processes and techniques to guide (or restrict) them, Agile teams rely on key Agile values and principles as guardrails. Those values guide their decisions, and help them create the right amount of risk mitigation for their project, while still building business value. Understanding those values and principles and how they can be applied enables a richer understanding of Agile methods and their value.
This short course and related paper provide an overview of the principles collectively referred to as "Agile development." In this session, Kent focuses on explaining the overall value system behind the various Agile approaches and techniques, and why those values can lead to better projects.
When you've finished this course
You'll be able to discuss the strengths of Agile development practices and key aspects of agile planning.
You'll know the core principles of Agile project management as outlined in the documents central to its values.
You'll have several ideas for benefiting from Agile techniques now, without requiring an all-out culture shift in your organization.
Included in this download:
Course recording by Kent McDonald of Knowledge Bridge Partners
A complete course transcript
The paper referenced in the course, plus related templates and articles, to provide deeper understanding of the course material
A quiz with instructions for receiving 1 Category A PDU upon completing the course


Uptake, biotransformation, and elimination rates were determined for pentachlorophenol (PCP), methyl parathion (MP), fluoranthene (FU), and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) using juvenile Hyalella azteca under water-only exposures. A two-compartment model that included biotransformation described the kinetics for each chemical. The uptake clearance coefficients (k(u)) were 25.7 +/- 2.9, 11.5 +/- 1.1, 184.4 +/- 9.3, and 251.7 +/- 9.0 (ml g(-1) h(-1)) for PCP, MP, FU, and HCBP, respectively. The elimination rate constant of the parent compound (k(ep)) for MP was almost an order of magnitude faster (0.403 +/- 0.070 h(-1)) than for PCP and FU (0.061 +/- 0.034 and 0.040 +/- 0.008 h(-1)). The elimination rate constants for FU and PCP metabolites (k(em)) were similar to the parent compound elimination 0.040 +/- 0.005 h(-1) and 0.076 +/- 0.012 h(-1), respectively. For MP, the metabolites were excreted much more slowly than the parent compound (0.021 +/- 0.001 h(-1)). For PCP, FU, and MP whose metabolites were measured, the biological half-life (t(1/2p)) of the parent compound was shorter than the half-life for metabolites (t(1/2m)) because the rate is driven both by elimination and biotransformation processes. Thus, H. azteca is capable of metabolizing compounds with varying chemical structures and modes of toxic action, which may complicate interpretation of toxicity and bioaccumulation results. This finding improves our understanding of H. azteca as a test organism, because most biomonitoring activities do not account for biotransformation and some metabolites can contribute significantly to the noted toxicity.
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The purpose of the Methodological Toolbox is to provide a practical aid for the implementation of the Right to Food Guidelines. It contains a series of analytical, educational and normative tools that offer guidance and hands-on advice on the practical aspects of the right to food. It covers a wide range of topics such as assessment, legislation, education, budgeting and monitoring. It emphasises the operational aspects of the right to food and contributes to strengthening in-country capacity to implement this right.


If you're longing for more ITM, and especially for more Eileen (whose comments are always so explosively cool), go to Kris Coffield's Fractured Politics. There's much great discussion after Jeffrey's interview (with a comment by Eileen, here) and after my interview too.
There, Coffield writes:
In a sense, that's what Karl Steel is attempting to produce - de-essentialized subjectivities that deploy interspecies relations in the imagining of alternative political and aesthetic sensibilities. Stepping outside of one's own skin is a difficult task, however, when it involves not only a discursive injunction, but a voluntary dehumanization. To get to the materialism of 'the human', where transformative political work can begin, we must first realize that in articulating (or interrogating) claims from an anthropocentric perspective, we perform 'humanity' itself, the normative historicity (Butler's "chains of iteration") that grant discourse the power to enact what it names. 'Human' is more than just a species indicator, it is also a fundamental identity marker, a promise to universality and solidarity that catalyzes political action. How else could governments speak of "species emergencies" and be narratively recognized? Critiques of any identity, then, including 'human', reveal the failure of identity formation to fulfill that promise.For this, I can only say thanks! Although if you want more of me, see here and following for a GIANT (Eileen worthy?) set of responses. A paradigm shift may be helpful in unraveling the failed promise of 'the human' and the political functions it has birthed - human nature, human rights, human beingness. For example, instead of asking how diseased animals were dealt with historically, we might ask how 'life' was constituted such that certain animals appeared as 'sick' or certain conditions were labeled 'illness'. Instead of asking how animals are imbricated within putatively human technospheres, we might ask how technospheres penetrate animal spaces. I don't think Julian Reid would necessarily object to such lines of flight, as they deliberately subvert the martial ordering of biopolitics under liberal regimes by prompting a self-conscious shedding of logistical accounts of life. Logisiticization inheres homogenization of life, and life's capacity for proliferation, along the informational lines Reid elegantly elucidated; what counts as life is that which can be disciplined to respond to the permanent crisis always immanent to the (il)liberal life. Absolutely, animal lives are also disciplined within neoliberal regimes, but control of animal populations is not the objective of these regimes, so long as the animal/human binary is maintained - is it any wonder that lifeforms resistant to liberal accounts are described in terms typically reserved for animals and, indeed, are treated in the same manner as animals, a la Guantanamo Bay (the human zoo)? After all, animals signify the nonnarratizable, instinctual, traumatic. Blurring these boundaries highlights a suppressed materiality that challenges informationalized biopower, along with its genealogical heritage. To that end, medieval deterritorializations of animal identity might be extremely helpful. (picture of me at Sean Landers 'Around the World Alone' at Friedrich Petzel gallary)


New University Senate chair encouraging collaboration on decisions Joan Fulton, chair of the University Senate and professor of agricultural economics. (Purdue University photo/Mark Simons)
Joan Fulton, professor of agricultural economics, wants to build a strong community of collaboration as the 2010-11 University Senate chairperson.
Fulton, whose term began June 1, takes great pride in Purdue and wants to be part of the important decisions that are being made at the University.
"I agreed to let my name stand for vice chairperson of the Senate a year ago because I want to be part of tackling the challenges that Purdue faces," she says. "I want to be part of the process of finding innovative and creative solutions to move Purdue forward."
After becoming involved in the Senate as the at-large member for the College of Agriculture in 2006, Fulton quickly climbed the organization's ladder. She was elected chair of the Steering Committee in 2008 and vice chair of the Senate in 2009.
Many faculty and staff share Fulton's pride in the University, and she hopes this will help them engage in and work to collaborate with the administration.
"I firmly believe in the value of the collaborative decision-making approach — with faculty and staff being truly involved," she says. "I understand through my research in agribusiness and my role as an Extension specialist at Purdue that collaborative decision making can seem time-consuming and less efficient, but in the long run collaboration offers great benefits."
This year, budget concerns are at the forefront of the Senate's attention. Discussions on a core curriculum for the University also will take place. Fulton and Morris Levy, vice chair of the Senate, will meet with Dale Whittaker, vice provost for undergraduate academic affairs, to discuss the next steps in examining undergraduate education.
Fulton is working with Purdue Marketing and Media to train members of Senate leadership for media interviews. Fulton hopes to arm senators with the right tools to be excellent representatives for the University. Provost Timothy Sands also will participate in the training.
"There are key skills associated with effectively conducting interviews that I believe we can all learn well with good training," Fulton says. "I want the messages that are communicated from Senate leaders via the media to be clear and consistent with the intended message."
Fulton believes that faculty and staff involvement comes from the deep connections they feel for the University.
"We have chosen to make Purdue University our home — the home where we nurture our careers," she says. "We want to be part of the difficult decisions, and when we are a part of that we will be more committed."


They affect how we understand our world, our societies, our economies, our bodies, and our minds. They affect how we think, what we believe and how we act. Science and technology matter so much, in fact, that many take them to be the defining institutions of the Modern world. And with each passing day, the impact of science and technology grows.


For maximum pleasure and maximum performance, your bike should fit you perfectly.
There are a number of factors to consider when fitting a bike. The first step is to select a bike of the correct frame size. Frame sizes are essentially a vertical measurement. Taller riders will take a bigger frame size. A petite lady will take a small frame size. We stock a depth of frame sizes in all models. We'll set you up in a bike which perfectly fits your height and torso.
Once we've determined your frame size in the bike you want, we will address other fitting issues. Is your saddle height correct? Are you over extended across the top? Is the handlebar too wide for your shoulders? we'll ask you to test ride the bike and to be forthright in telling us how you feel on the bike. When you ride out, it will be with the perfect fit.
For advanced riders, especially road racers and triathletes, we provide a more in-depth fitting service. This service is available in our Arlington store. Initially, we will apply the method described above. Then we will discuss with you any potential changes or additions to equipment, such as pedals, shoes, aerobars, or adjustments to stem or bar length.
From there we will move on to cleat position, saddle height, including saddle fore-aft, handlebar/aerobar reach, drop, and angle. Then we will take a comprehensive measurement of your body using the latest in fitting tools and technique. Following this, we input all of your data into special software designed specifically to assist in bicycle fitting and review the results. This software will provide us with the correct measurements for your bike, including the recommended frame size and angles, stem length, handlebar length, and saddle height.
We don't end there, of course. We'll review the computer results with you and explain what they mean. We'll apply the changes and see if you're comfortable. If you're not, we'll make the appropriate adjustments. It's what we do. That is the art of bike fitting and we are masters of it.
To take advantage of our more comprehensive fitting package, please contact us to make an appointment.


Economic Importance for Humans: Negative It is difficult to speculate on how these acquatic mammals might negatively impact humans. There are no reports of negative interactions, but it is possible that through their predatory behavior, populations of Peale's dolphins could negatively impact commercial or subsistence fisheries. However, this is just speculation, and there are no reports of this being the case.
Latest updates No one has provided updates yet.


Requirements Engineering is recognized as a crucial part of project and software development processes. This is due to the fact that the different stakeholders involved in a development project have to establish common terminologies as well as goals, scenarios and requirements expressed using these terminologies. Within the Semantic Web initiative various standards emerged for the creation and use of terminologies,
expressed in the shape of semantic networks, taxonomies and ontologies. We develop an approach for semantic based Requirements Engineering. We present an ontology for capturing requirements relevant information. We report about a tool for
semantic based Requirements Engineering and its application in a real-world development project scenario from the eGovernment domain.


Includes Guidance Expanding the Universe of "Waters" Subject to Federal Regulation On April 27, 2011, the Obama administration released a National Clean Water Framework that reemphasizes its commitment to protecting the health of America’s waters. The Framework, a multi-agency effort, is intended to implement the purpose of the Clean Water Act (CWA): “to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters.”1 It outlines seven broad focus areas, including: (1) promoting innovative partnerships between states, tribes, municipalities and communities on pioneering approaches to protect clean water; (2) enhancing communities and economies by restoring important water bodies such as the Chesapeake Bay,2 Great Lakes, Everglades and the California Bay Delta; (3) innovating for more water efficient communities by updating conservation policies and technology; (4) protecting public health by updating drinking water standards and protecting drinking water sources in rural and urban communities; (5) enhancing use and enjoyment of our waters by developing new programs that encourage the use of waterways and water bodies for recreation; (6) supporting science to solve water problems; and (7) updating CWA and water resources guidance and regulations.
As part of the seventh area of focus, and concurrent with the Framework, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued Draft Guidance describing how the agencies will identify waters protected under the CWA. The Draft Guidance states that it “clarifies how EPA and the Corps will identify waters to be protected under the [CWA] consistent with the statute, regulations, Supreme Court case law, relevant science related to aquatic ecosystems and the agencies’ field experience.”3 The Draft Guidance replaces guidance issued by the Bush administration in 2007 and amended in 2008, and effectively expands the reach of CWA jurisdiction over tributaries, open waters and wetlands by directing field staff to apply a “watershed based” approach that does not require extensive site-specific data and analysis. The agencies will seek public comment for 60 days and then issue final guidance. The agencies will then conduct a formal rulemaking process to further clarify the extent of CWA jurisdiction.
Draft Guidance on Identifying Waters Protected Under the CWA The Draft Guidance is by far the most controversial aspect of the new Framework. The Corps and EPA state that the Guidance is intended to reduce complexity, improve predictability and increase consistency of Corps and EPA jurisdictional determinations in light of the Supreme Court’s decisions in SWANCC 4 and Rapanos .5 In those two cases, the Supreme Court addressed the scope of “Waters of the United States” protected by the CWA.
In SWANCC, the Court addressed the question of CWA jurisdiction over isolated, non-navigable intrastate ponds, and concluded that CWA jurisdiction could not be based solely on the presence of migratory birds. In Rapanos , the Court addressed CWA protections for wetlands adjacent to non-navigable tributaries, and the case resulted in five separate opinions with no single opinion commanding a majority of the Court. Justice Scalia authored the plurality opinion, which stated that “waters of the United States” extended beyond traditional navigable waters to include “relatively permanent, standing or flowing bodies of water.”6 Justice Kennedy’s concurring opinion concluded that “waters of the United States” included wetlands that had a “significant nexus” to traditional navigable waters, “if the wetlands, either alone or in combination with similarly situated lands in the region, significantly affect the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of other covered waters more readily understood as ‘navigable.’”7
After each case, the Corps issued guidance designed to further explain the Court’s decision.8 Despite such further “clarification,” there remained a great deal of confusion among courts and agency field staff over weather the Scalia or Kennedy test applies, which has led to inconsistent jurisdictional determinations across the country.
The Draft Guidance explains that the agencies intend to assert jurisdiction over waters that satisfy either the Scalia (plurality) or Kennedy “significant nexus” tests. Importantly, the Draft Guidance allows the Corps and EPA to expand the universe of waters covered under Justice Kennedy’s “significant nexus” definition by sanctioning use of “watershed analysis” to “aggregate” similarly situated waters and wetlands within a given watershed without requiring the kind of detailed site-specific analysis for individual tributaries and their adjacent wetlands required under the prior guidance. Additionally, the Draft Guidance finds that a hydrologic connection is not necessary to establish a significant nexus. The agencies acknowledge and expect that the number of water bodies found subject to CWA jurisdiction will increase greatly under this new guidance. The Federal Register Notice even states that “the agencies believe that ... the number of waters identified as protected by the Clean Water Act will increase compared to current practice and this improvement will aid in protecting the Nation’s public health and aquatic resources.”9
The Draft Guidance allows field staff to make expansive CWA jurisdiction determinations, beyond the reach of the prior guidance, in seven major ways by:
clarifying that interstate waters and wetlands are “jurisdictional in their entirety,” therefore including as jurisdictional the entire upstream and downstream extent of a stream or river of the same stream order that crosses a state boundary, including interstate wetlands essentially creating a presumption that a tributary has a significant nexus to a Traditionally Navigable Water10 based on the evidence of some flow within that tributary through an observed Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM)11 or evidence that the tributary has a bed or bank; in other words, if there is an indirect hydrological connection to a Traditionally Navigable Water, and the tributary has a OHWM or bed and bank, then the Draft Guidance presumes the tributary has a significant nexus and is jurisdictional allowing the agencies to include all “similarly situated” tributaries, their adjacent wetlands and “other waters” within a watershed that discharge into a “single point” of entry to a Traditionally Navigable Water as meeting the significant nexus test clarifying that “adjacent wetlands” include wetlands that may be separated and a distance away from a tributary to a Traditionally Navigable Water if field staff finds that the wetland has a physical or ecological connection to the tributary finding that wetlands that are “proximate,” e.g ., separated by a man-made berm or the like, even without a hydrological connection, are considered jurisdictional based on scientific literature that shows that proximity alone provides an ecological connection broadly including as jurisdictional “other waters,” such as isolated vernal pools, that are not connected to any tributaries flowing to a Traditionally Navigable Water, based on a finding that “collectively” such waters located within the watershed have a significant nexus finding that “other waters” that are “proximate,” e.g ., separated by a man-made berm or the like, even without a hydrological connection, are considered jurisdictional Implications of the Draft Guidance Overall, the Draft Guidance is designed to sanction more “desktop” and inclusive jurisdictional determinations. It relies on broad ecological “watershed” principles and presumptions of ecological connection based on scientific literature to include waters based on minimal tributary-specific data and evidence.
This “aggregation” principle potentially allows field staff to “sweep in” hundreds of tributaries, wetlands and open waters under the CWA by making it much simpler for staff to find that there is, in fact, a significant nexus to a Traditionally Navigable Water. For example, the Draft Guidance would arguably allow field staff to rely on regional studies of large watersheds such as the Chesapeake Bay or the California Bay Delta to include all “similarly situated” waters and their adjacent wetlands/other waters, no matter how remote from the main part of the Bay/Delta, on the theory that excluding any single “similarly situated” water would adversely effect the ecological integrity of that entire watershed.
The impact of this Draft Guidance could especially be felt in the arid West, with many isolated “waters” that are normally wet only during seasonal rain events. Under this Draft Guidance, field staff could “aggregate” normally dry vernal pools or prairie potholes that do not have any noticeable hydrogic connection to the closest navigable water by finding that they perform functions such as flood control during the wet season.
The agencies also concede that the Draft Guidance could significantly increase the costs of mitigation. The report released with the Draft Guidance estimates that the total mitigation costs could go from a current baseline of $82,252,900 to a projected $222,311,906 for wetland, stream and other mitigation required of permittees. These costs will likely have a direct impact on a wide range of other activities including development and infrastructure projects.
In sum, this Draft Guidance allows the agencies to find most waters and wetlands, even ephemeral or intermittent streams, as falling under the CWA’s jurisdiction, except for certain waters that have always been excluded, such as artificial lakes or ponds excavated on dry land. Clearly, the costs of such expansion of jurisdiction will be felt by the regulated community.
Conclusion The Corps and EPA intend to propose a rule making to accomplish revisions of existing regulations in 2011 “to provide further clarification” of the definition and scope of waters that are jurisdictional under the CWA. The agencies will be seeking comments on the Draft Guidance for 60 days – comments due on July 1, 2011 – to allow all stakeholders to provide input before the final guidance is published.
The final guidance could potentially impose major costs on public and private entities. Holland & Knight is prepared to assist clients in understanding these quickly evolving issues.


Many women (pregnant or not) experience spotting after routine Pap smears. This doesn't mean anything is necessarily wrong with your pregnancy. In fact, pregnant women are more likely to have spotting after a Pap test, since your uterus, vagina, and surrounding tissues are more engorged with blood. However, if the bleeding becomes heavy or lasts longer than a few hours, give your doctor a call.
For the same reasons you've probably had Pap smears before getting pregnant, it's important to continue getting them while you're expecting. The test looks for changes to cells in the cervix (the lower end of your uterus) that could lead to cervical cancer if left untreated. A Pap is a routine part of ob-gyn visits, and you'll probably have one at your first prenatal appointment.
Copyright 2009


In the literature
pertaining to the RSA algorithm, it has often been suggested that in choosing
a key pair, one should use so-called "strong" primes p
and q to generate the modulus n . Strong primes have certain
properties that make the product n hard to factor by specific factoring
methods; such properties have included, for example, the existence of
a large prime factor of p -1 and a large prime factor of p +1.
The reason for these concerns is that some factoring methods - for instance,
the Pollard p -1 and p +1 methods (see Question 2.3.4)
- are especially suited to primes p such that p -1 or p +1
has only small factors; strong primes are resistant to these attacks.
Strong primes are required in for example ANSI X9.31 (see Question 5.3.1).
However, advances in factoring over the last ten years appear to have obviated the advantage of strong primes; the elliptic curve factoring algorithm is one such advance. The new factoring methods have as good a chance of success on strong primes as on "weak" primes. Therefore, choosing traditional "strong" primes alone does not significantly increase security. Choosing large enough primes is what matters. However, there is no danger in using strong, large primes, though it may take slightly longer to generate a strong prime than an arbitrary prime.
It is possible that new factoring algorithms may be developed in the future which once again target primes with certain properties. If this happens, choosing strong primes may once again help to increase security.


Quick Facts: Sugar
A grain of sugar under a microscope is a translucent crystal, reflecting light from its 14 facets like a jewel.5
A pinch of sugar on the tongue is a traditional remedy for hiccups.5
A spoonful of sugar added to a vase will prolong the life of freshly cut flowers.5
Babies are born with an innate preference for sweet tastes.5
Chemical manufacturers use sugar to grow penicillin.5
Sugar has been used for centuries to successfully aid in the healing of wounds by drying the wound, helping to prevent the growth of bacteria.5
Three or four cubes of sugar in a suitcase before storage will help prevent odors.5


IAN MacDOUGALL,
Associated Press Writer
OSLO, Norway—Two years after receiving its first deposits, a "doomsday" seed vault on an Arctic island has amassed half a million seed samples, making it the world's most diverse repository of crop seeds, the vault's operators announced Thursday.
Cary Fowler — who heads the trust that oversees the seed collection, which is 620 miles (1,000 kilometers) from the North Pole, said the facility now houses at least one-third of the world's crop seeds.
"In my lifetime, I don't think we'll go over 1.5 million. I'd be rather surprised if we go over a million," Fowler told The Associated Press. "At that point, we'd have all the diversity in the world ... and the most secure samples."
Located in Norway's remote Svalbard archipelago, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault is a safeguard against wars or natural disasters wiping out food crops around the globe. It was opened in 2008 as a master backup to the world's other 1,400 seed banks, in case their deposits are lost.
War wiped out seed banks in Iraq and Afghanistan, and another bank in the Philippines was flooded in the wake of a typhoon in 2006. The Svalbard bank is designed to withstand global warming, earthquakes and even nuclear strikes.
Despite the rapid progress, Fowler said the bank still has significant holes in its collection.
"There are a few unique collections that we don't have up there yet — Ethiopia and some of the Indian materials and some of the Chinese materials," he said.
The most recent additions include a mold-resistant bean from Colombia and a collection of nearly every agricultural soybean species developed in the U.S. in the last century.
---
Follow U.S. News Science on Twitter.


Inspiring Innovation The Warner Consulting team has saved Magnolia Hotels thousands of dollars over the years, and they offer unparalleled customer service in a world where the telcos simply seem indifferent.
Inspiring Innovation…
However, with today’s rapidly changing technology forefront, we sought to highlight the impact we can offer clients with mission-critical decisions. Hotel technology and telecommunications has become an essential aspect of the guest stay and operational imperative. And there are financial implications to these decisions. For example, with today’s expectations, guests will leave (or not return to a hotel) because of a poor connecting experience. This can translate to lost repeat guests or corporate customers and significantly diminished room revenue. Yet many hoteliers are not making the best decisions for the hotel long-term because they don’t fully acknowledge potential impact. Our goal is to
inspire exceptional choices for how you lead your hotel or portfolio in this area of operations.


With the April 17th tax filing deadline mere days away, taxpayers across America are making a crucial decision: how to spend their tax refunds. While the size of a refund varies from person to person (ranging from zero to many thousands of dollars), where it gets used can dramatically affect one’s personal finances.
Continue reading to view this infographic….
Continue Reading →


Home|Overview|Journals|Submit Manuscript|Contact Us|FrançaisEnter Your Search:Search tipsSearch criteriaArticlesJournal titlesAdvancedResults 1-1 (1)Sort by:AuthorJournal TitlePublication DateRelevance« PreviousPageGo to page number:of1Next »Clipboard (0)NoneClear All FiltersJournalsBMC Biophysics (1)« lessAuthorsDotti, Carlos GMartín, Mauricio G (1)Menchón, Silvia A (1)« lessYear of Publication2012 (1)« lessDocument Typesproduct-review (1)« less+1.APM_GUI: analyzing particle movement on the cell membrane and determining confinementMenchón, Silvia A|Martín, Mauricio G|Dotti, Carlos GBMC Biophysics2012;5:4.BackgroundSingle-particle tracking is a powerful tool for tracking individual particles with high precision. It provides useful information that allows the study of diffusion properties as well as the dynamics of movement. Changes in particle movement behavior, such as transitions between Brownian motion and temporary confinement, can reveal interesting biophysical interactions. Although useful applications exist to determine the paths of individual particles, only a few software implementations are available to analyze these data, and these implementations are generally not user-friendly and do not have a graphical interface,.ResultsHere, we present APM_GUI (Analyzing Particle Movement), which is a MatLab-implemented application with a Graphical User Interface. This user-friendly application detects confined movement considering non-random confinement when a particle remains in a region longer than a Brownian diffusant would remain. In addition, APM_GUI exports the results, which allows users to analyze this information using software that they are familiar with.ConclusionsAPM_GUI provides an open-source tool that quantifies diffusion coefficients and determines whether trajectories have non-random confinements. It also offers a simple and user-friendly tool that can be used by individuals without programming skills.doi:10.1186/2046-1682-5-4PMCID:PMC3337278PMID:22348508Related ArticlesResults 1-1 (1)« PreviousPageGo to page number:of1Next »-+Remove citation from clipboardAdd citation to clipboardThis will clear all selections from your clipboard. Do you wish proceed?Clipboard is full! Please remove an item and try again.NonemorelessPMC Canada|Copyright|DisclaimerPubMed Central Canada is a service of theCanadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council'sCanada Institute for Scientific and Technical Informationin cooperation with theNational Center for Biotechnology Informationat theU.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to thePubMed Central International archiveby participating publishers.


Cell 2010 Apr
Sancak Y, Bar-Peled L, Zoncu R, Markhard AL, Nada S, Sabatini DM
Abstract
The mTORC1 kinase promotes growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids, and its activity is often deregulated in disease. The Rag GTPases interact with mTORC1 and are proposed to activate it in response to amino acids by promoting mTORC1 translocation to a membrane-bound compartment that contains the mTORC1 activator, Rheb. We show that amino acids induce the movement of mTORC1 to lysosomal membranes, where the Rag proteins reside. A complex encoded by the MAPKSP1, ROBLD
...[more]3, and c11orf59 genes, which we term Ragulator, interacts with the Rag GTPases, recruits them to lysosomes, and is essential for mTORC1 activation. Constitutive targeting of mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface is sufficient to render the mTORC1 pathway amino acid insensitive and independent of Rag and Ragulator, but not Rheb, function. Thus, Rag-Ragulator-mediated translocation of mTORC1 to lysosomal membranes is the key event in amino acid signaling to mTORC1.
[less]
Mesh Headings:
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Amino Acids, Animals, Cell Line, Drosophila, Humans, Intracellular Membranes, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins, Lysosomes, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Models, Biological, Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins, Mutation, Neuropeptides, Protein Binding, Protein Transport, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, Signal Transduction, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Transcription Factors


Renewable Energy Clarke Electric Cooperative offers a renewable energy program that gives individual member-owners the ability to voluntarily contribute to a fund. All of the money collected from member-owners will be used for the development of alternative energy production facilities in Iowa. Alternative energy productions facilities may include wind energy, biomass, solar, and other nontraditional generation technologies.
Through this program, member-owners will not be directly purchasing alternative energy, but rather participating in the development of these resources. Contributions may be retained until they reach a sufficient level to pursue a particular development, make a grant to another entity pursuing alternative energy development in Iowa, or arrange for purchases from alternative energy production facilities.
Renewable Energy Program highlights include:
Available to member-owners within any of our rate classifications. Member-owners can contribute a one-time dollar amount or on a monthly basis. The minimum contribution is $1.00. The forms of participation include: cash, check, credit card, ACH, or paying the additional amount with your monthly electric bill. Once you have signed up, your participation will continue at the same level until you notify us that you wish to change the amount of your contribution or end your participation in the program.


Constructive proof From Conservapedia A constructive proof demonstrates the existence of a mathematical function, number or object by producing (constructing) it. This is in contrast with other styles of proof, such as proof by contradiction, which asserts the existence of an object by finding a contradiction if it did not exist. Such a proof is called nonconstructive and is not rarely valued by mathematicians, especially in applied mathematics and computer science.
Presently, certain theorems have only been proved using nonconstructive methods. However, even after a nonconstructive proof is found for a result, work will still continue until a more useful constructive proof is found. A classical example of this is in Ramsey theory where a unsatisfactory proof using random graphs can determine Ramsey numbers. However, mathematicians will attempt to construct such a graph. Merely proving a hypothetical existence is not enough.
The easiest way to prove the existence of transcendental numbers is by a nonconstructive proof, arguing that the set of real numbers is uncountable while the set of algebraic numbers is countable, and thus (many) transcendental numbers must exist. Of course, finding a specific example is a much more difficult endeavor.


The Golden Hour
In emergency medicine, the “golden hour” refers to the first 60 minutes after a trauma has occurred. It is widely believed that a victim’s chance of survival is greatest if he or she receives emergency care within the first hour.
The golden hour was first described by R Adams Cowley, M.D., at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore. Dr. Cowley’s personal experiences and observations in post-World War II Europe, and then in Baltimore in the 1960s helped him recognize that the sooner trauma patients reached definitive care—particularly if they arrived within 60 minutes of being injured—the better their chance of survival.
The concept of the golden hour comes from U.S. military experience. MASH units and medevac helicopters in the Vietnam War contributed to increasing survival rates. Improvements in medications, techniques and instruments were key to survival, but none of these were of any value if the patient remained separated from the surgeon.


Chris Eley, owner of Goose the Market and Smoking Goose Meatery, chuckles at what he describes as the "butcher/rock star phenomenon" sweeping the nation. "It's not flashy, not glorified. It's physically-demanding work in a cold room."
As if to illustrate his point, he's wearing a heavy knit stocking cap, a hoodie, long pants, and a white button-down butcher's frock on a day that will see 98 degrees. He has just come out of the butchering area at Smoking Goose, where he can be found most days from 7 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. carving various carcasses in a room kept at a nippy 50 degrees.
The Meatery, originally envisioned by Eley as a small-scale production house for Goose the Market, opened last September with 6,000 square feet of refrigerated space.
"Everything just got bigger and bigger," he says of the design and building process. "We realized that we would have outgrown the original plan very quickly - and that if we'd stayed small and only opted for state certification we would be cutting ourselves out of larger regional markets that have a demand for what we're making."
The decision to scale up the Meatery had much to do with getting USDA certification, which allows Smoking Goose to sell their products across state lines to urban regional markets like Chicago and Louisville. "We're the only USDA facility with a dry-cure fermented program in the region," Eley says. He adds that while the current space allows for room to grow, it's still considered a "very small" facility by federal standards.
That niche of the cured-meat world - dry-cure fermented - is the ultimate art of the Meatery. It's also the most time-consuming: While a cooked sausage can be mixed, stuffed into casings, and packaged in 24 to 48 hours, a dry-cured fermented salumi must hang for four to eight weeks before it's ready to eat, making it a rarity among larger production facilities.
Smoking Goose processes eight to nine hogs a week, along with ducks and chickens. They're mostly sourced from Gunthorp Farms in LaGrange, Ind., and always drawn from small regional farms raising hormone-and-antibiotic-free animals in healthy, free-range environments. Bacon is their bread-and-butter, shipping out at a couple thousand pounds a week. But it's time-consuming products like the elk, blueberry and mead salumi (available locally at Goose the Market) that make the Meatery truly unique.
"Right now we're operating at one-third to one-half capacity," says Eley, adding that the area where he'd most like to expand is the high-demand dry-cure market. When asked what keeps him from expanding, he explains it's a lack of labor. The rock-star delusion falls apart after a few weeks in the cold room, and butcher retention has been a challenge.
"I sleep about five to six hours a night, and am butchering every day," he says. "But it's what I love to do."
Smoking Goose products can be found locally at farmer's markets and at Goose the Market, 2503 N. Delaware St. The Meat Locker at the Smoking Goose Meatery is open limited hours, offering a selection of fully-cooked sausages and salumis available for purchase.


FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE- October 24, 2012 (Washington,D.C.): Speaking at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s 13th annual Legal Reform Summit in Washington, D.C., former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani stressed the need for New York to enact meaningful lawsuit reform. He noted that past efforts to pass tort reform had been stalled by the powerful trial lawyer lobby, and highlighted the substantial fiscal and social costs of frivolous lawsuits.
The cost of lawsuits for New York City was hundreds of millions during Giuliani’s tenure as mayor. Frivolous lawsuits are a major issue for local governments, with the cost of lawsuits on New York City alone estimated to exceed $730 million in the coming year. Lawsuits have taken a toll on taxpayers and diverted resources from critical services, such as city teachers, police officers, and firefighters, noted the former Mayor. Giuliani highlighted a case in which a criminal fleeing from the police tripped on a pothole and was awarded $70 million for his injuries. “When a jury in New York sees NYC as a defendant, they forget that they are really the defendant – that they are paying out their money and they pay out money in huge quantities,” he said.


Preheating a shaft-sprocket assembly
February 13, 2007 We are welding 1018 cold-rolled, 2.5-inch-diameter shaft to a sprocket made from 1045 steel. We preheat the shafts to about 200 to 250 degrees. We are having some failure of the shaft, and I'm wondering what the proper procedure is for welding the assembly together. The sprockets are welded full-diameter on both sides. The shaft usually breaks at the transition from the edge of the weld. Should we be preheating to a higher temperature, heating both the shaft and the sprockets, or not preheating at all?
John A. Andrew, Unity, Wis. You're joining a low-carbon (less than 20 percent) shaft to a medium-carbon (more that 40 percent) sprocket. You're on the right track, but your preheat must include the sprocket. It also should be in the 200- to 400-degree range, depending on the process used and joint thickness.
Maintain this same range for interpass temperature. Use a low-hydrogen procedure and filler metal; hydrogen pickup through dilution will contribute to a high weld metal hardness, which will increase susceptibility to cracking and brittleness. Minimize dilution by depositing small weld beads in a multipass technique.
Finally, use a postweld heat treatment. If this isn't practical, maintain the preheat/interpass temperature for two to three hours per inch of joint thickness.


Practice Guidelines for Recovery-Oriented Behavioral Healthcare Through our long-standing partnership with the Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction services, PRCH has developed a comprehensive set of recovery-oriented practice guidelines which offer specific guidance on how to translate the concept of recovery into the concrete day-to-day practice of behavioral health care practitioners and systems. These guidelines have been developed with contributions and guidance from a wide range of stakeholders including persons in recovery, families, direct support professionals, policy makers, private nonprofit service providers, the academic community, advocacy organizations, and community members. They are also informed by an extensive review of the recovery literature, consultations with the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, and the various lessons that have been learned by PRCH through our experiences in research, evaluation, training, and consultation. The Guidelines have already begun to influence Requests for Proposals and Qualifications, provider contracts, performance indicators, and outcomes monitoring procedures in the state of Connecticut, and they have been requested by JCAHO in their preparation of recovery-oriented accreditation standards for 2006. While the realization of truly recovery-oriented care will require a long-term and steadfast commitment of all stakeholders, we offer these guidelines to you as an initial, and important, step forward in the overall process of system transformation.
Link to Practice Guidelines (PDF).
For more information, please contact Janis Tondora, PsyD.


University Park, Pa. --- Don't blame it on your hormones. A Penn State study has shown that, contrary to popular notions, women don't necessarily gain weight, overeat and binge on chocolate or carbohydrates during the premenstrual phase of their menstrual cycle or when taking contraceptive hormones.
In a study conducted by Christine L. Pelkman, a Penn State doctoral candidate in biobehavioral health, women ate about 4 percent more but also burned about 4 percent more calories during the premenstrual phase of their menstrual cycle. Suppressing the cycle with a contraceptive drug didn't significantly alter food intake, change food preferences, or cause weight gain.
The study was the first randomized, placebo-controlled investigation to examine how eating and calorie burning are affected both by the menstrual cycle and by a popular injectable long-acting contraceptive drug, Depo-Provera, in the same women. According to the Alan Guttmacher Institute, more than a million American women used Depo Provera in 1995, the most recent year for which statistics are available.
"The theory has been that if you administer contraceptive hormones, you lower a woman's basal metabolism and she will gain weight," Pelkman says. "We saw no dramatic increase in calorie intake and didn't see a dampening of the number of calories the women burned. There were no changes in food preferences or diet composition either."
She adds, "There was no shift in chocolate intake or in how much they liked chocolate. No shift in their taste for sweet foods in general. No shift in carbohydrate preferences."
The Penn State researcher will present her findings July 7 at the annualmeeting of the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior in Clearwater,Fla.,in a paper, "Reproductive Hormones and Eating Behavior in Young Women." Herco-authors are Robert Heinbach, Penn State physician, and Dr. Barbara Rolls, whoholds the Guthrie Chair in Nutri '"/> Contact: Barbara Hale aem1@psu.edu 814-865-9481 Penn State 7-Jul-1999


Core principles of effective integrated care include a patient-centered care team providing evidence-based treatments for a defined population of patients using a measurement-based "treat-to-target" approach.
The role of the psychiatrist in a collaborative-care model is a significant departure from traditional psychiatric care, which focuses on face-to-face evaluations. Moving from traditional office-based practice to being "consultant specialists" who can be effective on a population level will require a new skill set.
The first five modules of a training program for psychiatric consultants, developed by the AIMS Center, will be presented at this year's Institute on Psychiatric Services in San Francisco this month.
The model of psychiatric practice within a collaborative-care team is not for every psychiatrist, but those who have experienced it say the model offers an escape from the "hamster wheel" of doing 15-minute med checks, while offering the opportunity to educate fellow clinicians and to have an impact on public health at a population level.
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Clearly, coconut water has been one of the fastest growing categories in the beverage industry, but are its highly touted rehydration benefits as helpful as advertised? In a recent article, National Public Radio (NPR) posits that while coconut water does provide an electrolyte-packed punch, most individuals can rehydrate just as well with plain water. The article cites the opinion of Andrea Giancoli, a registered dietitian and spokesperson for The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, who explained that while the draw for coconut water is based on its potassium content, the drink is “not magical.”
You can read the full article here.
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Ineffable investigates the limits of language. People who are native or fluent in a language other than English are asked the question: “Is there a word, phrase, or an expression in your native (or second) language that you can not translate to English?” The goal was to pin down the divergence among languages which is hopefully conceptual rather than just technicalities. These differences must have been rooted in the culture, which the language was closely tied to. It turned out, the answers were trivial when compared to the struggle the interviewees were having. The project revealed the glass walls between languages. Through gestures, examples, analogies, or ambiguous words, interviewees strove to express the ineffable. The question was a paradox by its nature.


Question:From Melbourne, Victoria, Australia:
My mum said I might have diabetes. She had a sister who had it. I heard from a friend they have to take some blood. I have a phobia of needles so I wanted to check out with you guys if I might have diabetes before I get my sugar levels checked. I have cravings for sugar and I faint if I don't eat every 4 hours. Like I've lost a lot of weight but I eat a lot. I'm like really moody and weak, my legs especially. I know I'm probably wasting your time but I'm really scared. I heard they can cut your legs off and stuff. Thanks for your help. I'm 14 and about 5 foot 6.
Answer:Try not to be afraid. Your symptoms could indicate diabetes, but they could also indicate something altogether different. Have you seen a doctor yet?
Sometimes you find that what you fear never happens. If you are indeed diagnosed with diabetes, do not assume that your legs will be amputated! Listen only to people who are trained in diabetes care.
Original posting 17 Oct 1998 Posted to Diagnosis and Symptoms
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Greenpeace congratulates the Green Scorpions on their exposure of Eskom as the organ of state with the highest rate of non-compliance with environmental legislation. This report adds to the body of evidence already uncovered by Greenpeace on Eskom’s environmental recklessness. It is crucial that all organs of state are held responsible for their activities, and that they comply with all legislation. If Eskom is breaking the law, the utility should be prosecuted.
“Talk is cheap. This report clearly illustrates that Eskom is not committed to anything that is in the best interests of this country. It comes as no surprise that the utility continues to believe that it is above the law, and that transparency and accountability simply do not apply. Section 48 of Nema must be amended so that organs of state are not immune from criminal liability. Eskom must be prosecuted for the reckless damage being created through its activities” stated climate and energy campaigner for Greenpeace Africa, Melita Steele.


RE-INFUSION OF STORED RED BLOOD CELLS DOES NOT ENHANCE BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS OR PERFORMANCE
Marek, E. M., Franke, J., Hinrichs, T., Hawener, I., & Platen, P. (June 03, 2010). Alterations in VO2max by blood donation and re-infusion after a 4-week storage period in moderately trained athletes. Presentation 2111 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.
This study investigated the effect of blood donation and autologous blood re-infusion in a heterogeneous group of moderately trained athletes (M = 8; F = 5) from different disciplines after four weeks of blood storage. Ss were tested during an incremental treadmill-test until individual exhaustion several times prior to and after a blood donation of 500 ml, and prior to and after the re-infusion of the red-blood cell concentrate of 300 ml after a four weeks of storage. The highest measured oxygen uptake value of each test was defined as the respective VO2max.
In the subgroup of females, VO2max prior to blood donation was ~47.6 ml/kg/min. Immediately after the blood donation, VO2max declined to ~44.3 ml/kg/min and remained reduced up to 28 days. Re-infusion led to a significant increase in VO2max, which remained elevated up to seven days, but did not exceed the pre-donation value. In the subgroup of males, VO2max decreased from ~60.3 to ~56.1 ml/kg/min immediately after donation. This decline remained stable after 24 hours and after seven days. Re-infusion induced an immediate and significant increase in VO2max by ~3.5 ml/kg/min, which was comparable to the previously observed decline of 4.1 ml/kg/min after blood donation. This re-infusion increase in VO2max remained stable for up to three weeks.
Implication. 500 ml of blood donation decreased VO2max in both genders with a more prolonged effect in female moderately trained athletes. Re-infusion of the 300 ml red blood cell concentrate after four weeks of storage normalized aerobic performance, but did not induce a higher performance level. Reinfusion simply restored the blood to the pre-donation values.
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Report by India Education bureau, New Delhi: Seeking to generate awareness among students on environmental issues, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) recently launched the Dubai Cares’ “Million Book Challenge” initiative in schools across the city amid much fanfare.
As part of the programme, TERI organised workshops and distributed books in Delhi schools. In the event held at New Delhi’s Kendriya Vidyalaya, Sector – 3, Rohini, over 100 students and 5 teachers were sensitised on issues pertaining to sustainable development through entertaining activities such as puppetry. Over 1,000 books published by the Institute’s publishing arm--TERI Press--were also distributed among the attendees. Similar activities were held in Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2, Delhi Cantonment for nearly 240 students and 7 teachers. TERI Press also distributed 3000 books--ranging from environmental conservation to biodiversity—among the students free of cost.
The Dubai Cares initiative—widely viewed as a paradigm-altering philanthropic venture--aims at funding and ensuring the distribution of books on a variety of topics to underprivileged children in third world nations and is the flagship project of the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and the Emir of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammad bin Rashid Al Maktoum. It aims at enabling the achievement of the UN Millennium Development Goals, and currently is operating in over 24 nations, and has already reached out to over 5 million people.
In India, Dubai Cares is working alongside TERI to ensure that underprivileged Indian children are accorded the opportunity to receive world-class education.


The Demtroys™ System Efficient management of heating costs
Efficient management of heating costs and energy control Designed by Demtroys and sponsored by the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC), the Demtroys™ System offers since 2004 an unequalled solution to hotel and residence owners who must absorb high heating costs for their properties and who want to ensure a comfortable living environment for their clients. Be it for a hotel, a vacation resort or any other multi-unit apartment building, the Demtroys™ System and its smart approach to energy control, especially heating costs, allow you to regulate automatically, intelligently and safely your building's heating capacity.
Combining energy saving and comfort to your clients
With the Demtroys™ System, you can now safely eliminate all losses due to negligence, bad habits or your clients' heating whims. The Demtroys™ System allows you to recover any exceeding heating capacity by modulating the amount of energy required to ensure your clients' welfare, while allowing them to regulate their own comfort. You can then avoid all excessive costs. To achieve this, the Demtroys™ System automatically controls the heating capacity required to heat your building based on the external temperature. Losses due to inefficient heating management are sometimes very high and can represent 25% and even 35% of your total annual heating bill. Stop wasting your money – efficiently manage your heating requirements with the Demtroys™ System. Ask for our leasing programs.
Are your heating costs high?
Are heating costs one of your biggest expenses? Is there wastage in your building? Could you reduce your heating costs? How much money are you losing annually due to negligence by tenants/clients who don't care about energy costs? Are your thermostats on high all year long? Does your building have peaks in energy consumption, which in turn can result in penalties imposed by your energy supplier? Do your tenants leave their doors and windows open unnecessarily? Do tenants who smoke leave their door slightly open to freshen the air inside? Is the heating system on while the air conditioning is on?


Alpha-Secretase Cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein: Proteolysis Regulated by Signaling Pathways and Protein Trafficking
Author(s):
Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
Pages 165-177 (13)
Abstract:
α-secretase is the name for a metalloprotease activity, which is assumed to play a key role in the prevention of the molecular mechanisms underlying Alzheimers disease (AD). Proteases similar to α-secretase are essential for a wide range of biological processes, such as cell adhesion and embryonic development. The molecular culprit in AD is the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), which derives from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) through sequential cleavage by the two proteases β- and γ-secretase. In contrast, α-secretase, which is the metalloprotease ADAM10, cleaves APP within the Aβ domain, thus preventing Aβ generation. Additionally, it produces a secreted APP ectodomain with neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. An increase in α-secretase cleavage is considered a therapeutic approach for AD, but the molecular mechanisms regulating α-secretase cleavage are only partly known. Protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase constitute central signaling hubs for the regulation of α-secretase cleavage. Additionally, recent studies increasingly demonstrate that the correct spatial and temporal localization of the two membrane proteins APP and α-secretase is essential for efficient α-secretase cleavage of APP. This review highlights the role of signaling pathways and protein trafficking in the control of APP α-secretase cleavage.
Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease, secretases, metalloprotease, signaling pathways, protein trafficking, neurodegeneration, regulated, intramembrane proteolysis, ectodomain shedding, Phorbol esters
Affiliation:
Adolf Butenandt-Institute,Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany.


Team building retreats: A time for renewal, reflection
The thought of holding a team building retreat might sound like a frivolous bonding experience to some busy physicians. But in the ever-changing and highly innovative healthcare industry, retreats can be a critical component in helping maintain your practice's focus on quality care and productivity.
"The challenge for physicians is that they have to care for their patients, but they also have to manage their practice," says Randy Bauman, president of Delta Healthcare in Brentwood, TN. "They have to realize that not only are they in charge as a doctor, but they are responsible as a leader and a manager. They need to step back and look at their business with a strategic perspective."


Short-term effects of enhanced UV-B and CO2 on lichens at different latitudes Avdelning/ar: Publiceringsår: 1995
Språk: Engelska
Sidor: 547-557
Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie: The Lichenologist
Volym: 27
Nummer: 6
Dokumenttyp: Artikel
Förlag: Elsevier
Sammanfattning Interaction effects of UV-B and CO2 on three lichens species, Cladonia arbusculo, Cetraria islandica and Stereocaulon paschale, from two latitudinal sites, 68N and 56N, were studied in a laboratory experiment. The response of the plants was recorded by measuring their chlorophyll fluorescence. All species had a similar response to enhanced UV-B depending on the latitude from which the population came and the time of the season when they were sampled. Overall, there was a significant increase in photosystem II yield (as measured by a fluorescence technique) due to UV-B and no separate effect due to enhanced CO2, although there was a significant interaction between CO2 and UV-B. The increase due to UV-B was at the low CO2 level. There were also significant differences in response due to latitude. The results contradict our hypotheses that negative effects of UV-B would be larger in the North than in the South and that a negative response should be especially large during the early season.
Disputation Nyckelord Biology and Life Sciences Övrigt Published
Yes
ISSN: 0024-2829