Dog Veterinary
Ask a Dog Vet and Get Answers to Your Dog Veterinary Questions
Hi, I can help you with your question. The drooling is likely due to nausea.
It's not normal for her signs to continue this long.
I'm worried about the possibility of pancreatitis, gastroenteritis, GI ulceration, or even intestinal parasites.
I recommend having her evaluated by your local vet. I would start with a physical exam and blood work, specifically a cPL test. I would also like you to bring a stool sample to be checked for parasites, and I would consider x-rays depending on her physical.
After this, we may have a diagnosis. We can use an anti-vomiting anti-nausea medication like Cerenia and anti-diarrheal medication like metronidazole. In the meantime, I would continue with small amounts of boiled white rice and boiled chicken.
As I said, it could be due to many different things including pancreatitis, gastroenteritis, GI ulceration, or even intestinal parasites. Yes, it is possible this is related to the ingestion of a bone.
It measures canine pancreatic lipase, an enzyme specific to the pancreas. An elevated measurement is consistent with pancreatitis.
As long as she has stool in her rectum they can obtain it. However, since she has had diarrhea that might be inconsistent. It would be best to bring a fresh sample with you from home. That would test for parasites.


The bush dog,
Speothos venaticus, is a poorly known canidfromSouth America. Bush dogs are considered hyper-carnivorous anddependenton forests near water. They are rarely observed and mostinformationon the species comes from studies of captive animals. Afree-livingpopulation of bush dogs occurs on the Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú where the largest fragment of Interior AtlanticForest remains in Paraguay. Bush dogs live sympatrically in this reserve with at least fifteenothermammalian carnivores. I investigated the ecological role ofbushdogs within this carnivore community using non-invasivetechniques. A molecular diagnostic test was developed to determine species ofcarnivorethat deposited scats collected at Mbaracayú. Comparisonofresults from this molecular analysis with visual identificationsgivenby local and indigenous people reveals 100% agreement, thusvalidatingscat identifications from these sources. The sixteencarnivore speciesknown to inhabit Mbaracayú were detected by molecularanalysis,while two other species, suspected of existing withinMbaracayú,were not detected. Analysis of diets of bush dogs revealed agreaterreliance on small mammal prey than previously suggested as well asfruitconsumption which was previously unknown. Remains of fourother mammaliancarnivore species were detected in scats from jaguars, Pantheraonca,providing evidence their role as top carnivore in this system ismaintainedto some degree by interference competition. Comparison ofdietaryoverlap among all carnivore species showed strong similarities indietsof small felids and some mustelids, but no strong overlap betweenbushdogs and any other mammalian carnivore. A model of potentialcompetitiveinteractions was developed reflecting carnivore diet niches alonga preferenceaxis ranging from 100% plant to 100% animal dietary content. My analysisof carnivore sign relative to availability of major habitat typesand distancesto permanent water indicated a strong preference for forests bybush dogsbut they occurred disproportionately further from permanent waterthansuggested by earlier reports. My results show the ecologicalrolein this community is unique, with no strong dietary competitionwith othercarnivores and associations with habitats that differ markedly fromhabitatassociations documented for similar-sized mammalian carnivores.


314 pages, Tabs
Each naturally occurring isotope has a tale to tell about the history of matter, and each has its own special place in cosmic evolution. This volume aims to grasp the origins of our material world by looking at the abundance of the elements and their isotopes, and how this is interpreted within the theory of nucleosynthesis. Each isotope of elements from Hydrogen to Gallium is covered in detail. For each, there is an historical and chemical introduction, and a table of those isotopes that are abundant in the natural world. Information given on each isotope includes its nuclear properties, solar system abundance, nucleosynthesis in stars, astronomical observations, and isotopic anomalies in premolar grains and solar-system solids. The book is suitable for astronomers, physicists, chemists, geologists and planetary scientists, and contains a glossary of essential technical terms.
'Clayton writes that he wants his readers to open the book at any point and be able to read of a wondrous world. I tested this theory exhaustively, and it works. I was charmed.' Chemistry World '! a unique information resource for scientists.' Orion
List of illustrations; Preface; Introduction; 1. Hydrogen (H); 2. Helium (He); 3. Lithium (Li); 4. Beryllium (Be); 5. Boron (B); 6. Carbon (C); 7. Nitrogen (N); 8. Oxygen (O); 9. Fluorine (F); 10. Neon (Ne); 11. Sodium (Na); 12. Magnesium (Mg); 13. Aluminium (Al); 14. Silicon (Si); 15. Phosphorous (P); 16. Sulphur (S); 17. Chlorine (Cl); 18. Argon (Ar); 19. Potassium (K); 20. Calcium (Ca); 21. Scandium (Sc); 22. Titanium (Ti); 23. Vanadium (V); 24. Chromium (Cr); 25. Manganese (Mn); 26. Iron (Fe); 27. Cobalt (Co); 28. Nickel (Ni); 29. Copper (Cu); 30. Zinc (Zn); 31. Gallium (Ga); Glossary.
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Donald Clayton is Centennial Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Clemson University, South Carolina.


Practical, immediate steps for small to medium enterprises While many regions around the world are bouncing back from tough economic conditions, laser-like focus on eliminating costs within business remains - particularly within small and medium enterprises (SMEs). With fewer resources than large enterprises, yet exposed to the same fierce ...Download Now


A broad network of regional marine reserves went into effect in 2011 amid criticism that such areas do not produce a significant amount of marine life. Results from a decade-long study led by Scripps researchers show the opposite that no-take areas can restore marine ecosystems even better than previously thought. Join lead author Octavio Aburto-Oropeza as he showcases the success of the Cabo Pulmo National Park, a thriving undersea park near the southern tip of Mexico's Baja peninsula, which has experienced a dramatic 460-percent increase in its fish population since 1999. Discover why Cabo Pulmo is such a success and how conservationists can apply lessons learned to Southern California's new marine reserves. (#23109)
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The good news is that, over the past decade (1991-2001), Coloradans have steadily increased their borrowing of public library materials—books, audio books, videos, DVDs, CDs, etc.—while Americans generally maintained a lower level of reliance on public libraries with very little, if any, change.
In 1991, the average Coloradan borrowed 7.3 items, compared to 6.1 for the average American. In 1996, 8.4 loans were made to the average Coloradan, compared to 6.5 to the average American. In 2001, the Colorado average reached an all-time high of 10.4 items, compared to 6.5 for the average American. (Notably, between 1996 and 2001, there was no increase in per capita circulation for public libraries nationwide.) Click the Download Report button at right to continue reading this Fast Facts.


Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian retina and glutamate uptake is essential for normal transmission at glutamatergic synapses. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has revealed the presence of three different high-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina, viz. GLAST-1, GLT-1 and EAAC-1. No message has been found in the retina for EAAT-4, a transporter recently cloned from human brain. By using membrane vesicle preparations of total rat retina, we show that glutamate uptake in the retina is a high-affinity electrogenic sodium-dependent transport process driven by the transmembrane sodium ion gradient. Autoradiography of intact and dissociated rat retinae indicates that glutamate uptake by Müller glial cells dominates total retinal glutamate transport and that this uptake is strongly influenced by the activity of glutamine synthetase. RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry have revealed that Müller cells express only GLAST-1. The Km for glutamate of GLAST-1 is 2.1+/-0.4 microM. This study suggests a major role for the Müller cell glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in retinal transmitter clearance. By regulating the extracellular glutamate concentration, the action of GLAST-1 in Müller cells may extend beyond the protection of neurons from excitotoxicity; we suggest a mechanism by which Müller cell glutamate transport might play an active role in shaping the time course of excitatory transmission in the retina.


Detect and combat corporate fraud with new profiling techniques Profiling the Fraudster: Removing the Mask to Prevent and Detect Fraud takes a step-by-step approach beyond the Fraud Triangle to identify characteristics in potential fraudsters, employees and new hires that will sound alarm bells before they get their hands on your organization's assets. The typical organization loses a staggering 5% of its annual revenue to fraud. Traditional fraud investigations focus on the breakdown of internal controls but what happens when the human beings forming a key component of that chain of control are inherently dishonest? This book shows you how to recognize the characteristics and behavioral patterns of potential fraudsters who are entrusted with safeguarding corporate assets. The book includes:
An in-depth look at fraud investigation techniques and how these can be enhanced by using the characteristics of fraudulent behavior,
A detailed look at profiling potential perpetrators of fraud,
A detailed breakdown of how to compile a fraud profile,
A discussion of a wide range of organizational fraud, including abuse of power, embezzlement, computer fraud, expense abuse, and more,
Tables, illustrations, and diagrams to enhance the narrative
If you're a corporate fraud investigator, auditor, forensic accountant, law enforcement professional, or anyone challenged with safeguarding your organizations assets—
Profiling the Fraudster shows you how to remove the mask and prevent and detect fraud.


Abstract 9660: Statin-Induced Improvement of Human Endothelial Function Is Mediated by Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Abstract Background: Endothelium is essential for maintenances of homeostasis in healthy vascular systems. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent bioactive lipid responsible for vascular protection through producing nitric oxide, whereas serotonin modulates vascular tone. Recent studies reported that bone marrow derived blood cells play a pivotal role in repairing endothelial damage. This study aimed to examine behavior of serotonin, S1P and their combined effects on endothelial function in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Blood was withdrawn from patients without significant cardiovascular risks or medications (n=36, 40±8 years). Plasma serotonin was measured with HPLC. Plasma S1P was measured by HPLC after fluorescent derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Patients with dyslipidemia (n=14) were subsequently treated with rosuvastatin (2.5mg/day). In vitro, EA.hy926 human vascular endothelial cell line and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived adherent cells, which were confirmed to present endothelial phenotype, were stimulated with S1P (100nmol/L) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Plasma serotonin displayed normal distribution after correction with platelets (serotonin/plt: 23.1±9.8 x10 -9 pmol/platelet). Serotonin/plt inversely correlated with FMD value (3.9±1.7%, r=-0.37, P<0.05) and plasma S1P level (317.5±54.2 nmol/L, r=-0.40, P<0.05). Rosuvastatin improved lipid profiles and increased FMD after 4 weeks. Notably, percent decrease in serotonin/plt was inversely correlated with % increase in S1P (11.6±34.5%, r=-0.55, P<0.05). In vitro, EA.hy926 cells and PBMC-derived adherent cells expressed S1P receptors (S1P 1, 2, 3) and sphingosine kinases (SphK1, 2). S1P (100 nmol/L), but not serotonin, stimulated eNOS mRNA expression by 1.60±0.61 fold in EA.hy926 cells (n=5) and by 1.81±0.78 fold in PBMC-derived adherent cells (n=5). Conclusions: Increased plasma serotonin may mediate vasoconstriction and plasma S1P may provide vasculoprotection against atherogenicity of serotonin. Statin may enhance endothelial function by a novel pathway involving S1P signaling. © 2011 by American Heart Association, Inc.


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Architects LocationShimasaki, Kyushu Island, Japan Area102.0 sqm Project Year2009 From the architect. This two bedroom, one bath home—built for two public school teachers on a hillside overlooking Kumamoto, Japan—is planned to become fully energy self-sufficient once all designed systems are phased in. The construction budget of US$154,000—an extremely modest budget by local Kumamoto standards—required a close collaboration of the architects and builder to achieve a high-quality, off-site fabricated timber-frame construction meeting high sustainability standards.
Rather than eliminating green technology to remain within budget, the 1100 square foot home was planned for a phased integration of systems, budgeted to be completed with the couple’s current income without increased loans over the coming five years.
All essential components of the sustainable design strategy are fully implemented in the original construction, including natural, renewable, healthy materials; optimized solar shading, day lighting, and chimney-effect natural ventilation; solar hot water heating; high-efficiency hydronic heating made ready for future geothermal ground loop and solar thermal roof panels; water catchment roof system planned for a future green roof; and efficiently sized spaces and gardens conducive to simple, indoor-outdoor living with minimal ongoing maintenance and resource investment.
The house is sited on a terraced, south-facing slope in a dense housing neighborhood, overlooking orange groves and a spectacular view of Kumamoto Castle and surrounding hills. The building is sited for maximum views and passive solar heating of the massive concrete floor slabs serving as thermal ballast, and with opening walls facing the prevailing summer winds.
The north face of the home has a steeply pitched roof section oriented for photovoltaic panels facing south, and high, operable clerestory windows facing north and upslope, creating optimized day lighting without summer heat gain, and creating a chimney-effect natural ventilation draft drawing air through the home, and exhausting the kitchen, bath and sleeping spaces with cooling updrafts. The house is constructed of simple, robust materials, consisting of concrete, plaster, and locally and sustainably harvested timber.


ASPCA Commends Florida Legislature for Rejecting Dangerous "Ag-Gag" Proposals
Move is a victory for farm animal welfare
 NEW YORK--The ASPCA® (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals®) commends the recent decision by Florida lawmakers to remove the "ag-gag" language from House Bill 1021 and Senate Bill 1184. By making it a crime to take photographs or videos on farms, the ag-gag proposals in these bills sought to suppress whistle-blowers from exposing animal abuse and cruelty on agricultural facilities.
Ironically, undercover video taken at a dairy farm in Florida more a decade ago showing young calves wounded by gunshot and then being shoved into a watery pit to drown served as the inspiration for the Florida legislature to pass its current humane slaughter and euthanasia laws (F.S.S. 828.22-828.26). In many states, such documentation has been instrumental to law enforcement, farming reform and new laws protecting animal and public welfare.
"Bills like this only serve to heighten suspicion that the agricultural industry has something to hide," said Suzanne McMillan, director of the ASPCA farm animal welfare campaign. "Americans deserve to know how their food is produced, and responsible farmers should welcome that transparency. Where there are problems, industry should direct its energy toward resolving them, not covering them up."
Under Florida's proposed ag-gag provisions, employees and others who sought to expose not only animal abuse but other criminal conduct on farms including sexual harassment, worker and environmental violations, would have been risking misdemeanor charges of the first degree, punishable by up to one year's imprisonment and a $1,000 fine.
"Legislators carefully examined the bills, listened to the concerns raised by thousands of their constituents and ultimately took the correct action," added Ann Church, vice president of state affairs for the ASPCA. "We are hopeful that Florida, a state with very significant agricultural interests, will serve as a bellwether for other states where similarly draconian legislation is being considered and lawmakers continue to balk at the myriad assaults these bills would deliver to American values."
The ASPCA and its members lobbied strongly to prohibit similar chilling provisions from passing in Florida, New York, Iowa and Minnesota in 2011. This year, ag-gag legislation has already been introduced in Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota and Nebraska. In addition to factory farms, these bills have the potential to shield slaughter plants and puppy mills from legitimate investigations.
For more information on the ASPCA and to join the ASPCA Advocacy Brigade, please visit www.aspca.org.


Seven studies were included in the review: two RCTs and five interrupted time series (ITS) (20,384 participants, range 256 to 5,043). There was no perceived risk of selection bias or attrition bias in any study. One study was double-blinded and another was partial-blinded. Detection bias was considered to be present in three studies. Compliance with chlorhexidine body washing was measured in one study.
Incidence of acquisition of MRSA carriage was significantly reduced with chlorhexidine body washing in the three ITS studies in which this was the primary outcome.
Five studies (four ITS, one RCT) assessed MRSA infection rates (three studies as the primary endpoint) and a significant reduction in MRSA infection rate was found in one ITS study.
Carriage and bacteraemia rates due to vancomycin-resistant
enterococcus were assessed as the primary endpoints in one ITS study that found a significant reduction in both outcomes.
Three studies (two RCTs, one ITS) considered all-cause infection rates as the primary endpoint and one RCT found a significant reduction in incidence of all-cause primary blood stream infections with chlorhexidine body washing.
None of the studies had incidence of colonisation and/or infections with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria as primary endpoints. One RCT found a higher incidence of infection with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria after introduction of chlorhexidine body washing. Two studies (one ITS, one RCT) found a reduction in incidence of infection with chlorhexidine body washing. Rates were very low (1% or less) in both study periods in one ITS study.


Background Why is this project being proposed?
MnDOT, in cooperation with WisDOT, the FHWA, and the City of Red Wing, is conducting the Red Wing Bridge Project. The project includes the Highway 63 (Eisenhower) Bridge over the Mississippi River and the Highway 63 Bridge over Highway 61, as well as the highway connections to Highway 61, Minnesota Highway 58, and approach roadways in Wisconsin. The Eisenhower Bridge provides the only regional crossing of the river for approximately 30 miles upstream and downstream for several communities on both the Wisconsin and Minnesota sides of the river.
Laws passed by the Minnesota legislature following the I-35W Bridge collapse provide funding for rehabilitation or replacement of certain types of bridges in the state. The Eisenhower Bridge is “fracture critical” by nature of its truss design and therefore is eligible for funding through the new State funding program.
MnDOT is working through a process that has considered a range of improvements alternatives, identified a recommended alternative, and has assessed the environmental impacts of the recommended alternative. Following the environmental impact analysis, final design will be initiated and should extend to 2017. Construction is proposed to begin in 2017.
Decision process
Decisions regarding the project are being made by MnDOT as the agency responsible for the bridge, in consultation with WisDOT and FHWA. MnDOT will also need to obtain approval (municipal consent) from the City of Red Wing as required by state law. MnDOT must also obtain a number of other approvals for the project, such as river navigation, environmental impacts, and land acquisition. One of the project goals, which has been obtained, is to avoid long term closures during construction. MnDOT understands that communities on both sides of the river rely on the river crossing on a daily basis.
Environmental review
An Environmental Assessment/Environmental Assessment Worksheet complying with State and Federal guidelines was prepared and distributed for comment. An EA/EAW provides background information including:
Need for the proposed project Alternatives considered Environmental impacts and mitigation Agency coordination and public involvement National Environmental Policy Act Decision-making Alternatives
In the summer of 2014, MnDOT completed a comprehensive evaluation of both rehabilitation and replacement options for the river crossing and the Highway 63 overpass of Highway 61. The process included assessing the physical, community, and environmental impacts as well as cost and transportation benefits of a range of alternatives. The decision regarding the recommended alternative (see the Project Home and Design Documents tabs) involved input from all stakeholders. An important part of the recommended alternative decision process was input from the community. Business representatives, local government officials, and the Project Advisory Committee were part of a collaborative and open process. MnDOT also presented the alternatives analysis and has gathered input from the public at three open house meetings to date.
MnDOT follows strict regulations about property acquisition to ensure fair and equitable treatment of property owners. Once the EA/EAW is complete, MnDOT will talk with property owners affected by the project about anticipated impacts to their property. These impacts could range from temporary construction easements or purchases of small strips of property at the roadway edge, to a purchase of the entire property. Individuals with specific concerns should speak with the MnDOT Project Manager, Chad Hanson (chad.hanson@state.mn.us or 507-286-7637)
Historical significance
Completed in 1960, the Eisenhower Bridge is a steel through-truss bridge that crosses the Mississippi River main channel at Red Wing, Minnesota. The two-lane bridge is 1,631 feet long, 35 feet wide, and stands 65 feet above the river. The Eisenhower Bridge has been determined to not be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, established by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. However, the Highway 63 Bridge over Highway 61 is eligible for listing on the NRHP.
Section 106 of the Act requires federal projects to consider historic preservation in planning and decision making. MnDOT, the Federal Highway Administration, and the State Historic Preservation Officer have been working together to ensure the Section 106 process is followed. To that end, MnDOT completed the Bridge 9103 Rehabilitation Study to comprehensively assess the feasibility of rehabilitating Bridge 9103 as part of this project. Additionally, Red Wing contains historically and architecturally significant buildings, which reflect the city’s mid-19th century beginnings as a riverfront trade point. Red Wing includes a total of 25 listings on the NRHP; the downtown district retains the majority of the commercial buildings that were constructed during the city’s early boom period of 1860 – 1910. Red Wing has long been considered a leader in the historic preservation movement in Minnesota, maintaining and rehabilitating a wide range of structures throughout the city.


A joint EPO-UNEP study: "Patents and clean energy technologies in Africa"
The EPO together with UNEP have conducted a joint study, with the support of OECD's statistical analysis capabilities, and published the results in a report entitled "Patents and clean energy technologies in Africa". This report focuses on the patent landscape for clean energy technologies in Africa, as one area of the developing world which has vast potential clean energy resources, and could greatly benefit from use and technology transfer of clean energy technologies. It follows on from a first study which analysed global patenting trends for clean energy technology, using the Y02 classification scheme, entitled "Patents and clean energy: bridging the gap between evidence and policy"
This study highlights the role of the patent system, particularly its patent information services, which identify approximately 1.5 million patent documents relating to climate change mitigation through the EPO's dedicated Y02 classification scheme and make these available via the internet on Espacenet, free of charge.
At the same time, less than 1% of the world's clean energy technology related patent applications from 1980 to 2009 have been filed in Africa.


libros arte-arquitectura-diseño-fotografía ciencia cine-teatro-musica clásicos - poesía cocina / gastronomía filosofía - religión - mitología historia - antropología - ciencias sociales infantil-juvenil lingüística - teoría y crítica literaria narrativa comics - ilustración ebooks objetos Gaudí y modernismo Barcelona Picasso ciencia arte y diseño fetichismo literario infantil audiovisuales música (audiov.) arte - arquitectura (audiov.) cine (audiov.) ciencia (audiov.) literatura (audiov.) infantil (audiov.) danza (audiov.) especiales restauración dónde estamos ficha técnica sinopsis
For many illusions it is easy to find owners - people who proudly declare their belief in things such as life after death, human reason, or the self-regulation of financial markets. Yet there are also different kinds of illusions, too, for example, in art: trompe l'oeil painting pleases its observers with 'anonymous illusions' - illusions where it is not entirely clear who should be deceived. Anonymous illusions offer a universal pleasure principle within culture. They are present in games, sports, design, eroticism, manners, charm, beauty, and so on. However, it seems that this pleasure principle is increasingly misinterpreted. The proud proprietors of certain illusions are no longer capable of recognizing that they also follow anonymous illusions. As a consequence, they mistake happy, polite others for naive idiots or 'savages' - the possessors of stupid illusions whose happiness is an obscene intrusion into the lives of more rational creatures. The misrecognition of anonymous illusions thus becomes a crucial ideological bedrock for contemporary neoliberal policy. Hatred of the other's happiness leads to the destruction of the public sphere and to a state that, rather than fostering and stimulating its citizens' capacities, interpellates them as victims and limits itself to providing 'protective' or repressive measures directed against them.
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November 5, 2009 Oral Contraceptives May Benefit Women With Asthma
New research shows that during natural menstrual cycles, women with asthma who were not taking oral contraceptives (OC) had lower exhaled nitric oxide levels (eNO), a marker of airway inflammation associated with asthma, than women who were taking OC.
Researchers from McMaster University in Hamilton, ON, Canada, studied 17 women with asthma during their menstrual cycles. Results showed that individuals not using oral contraceptives (OC) had higher mean eNO levels than women using OC.Furthermore, among women not using oral contraceptives, an increase in estrogen levels was associated with a decrease in eNO, while an increase in progesterone was significantly associated with an increase in eNO. Researchers speculate that OC may have a potential role in the management of premenopausal women with asthma.
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Pathogenic and protective roles of MyD88 in leukocytes and epithelial cells in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. Asquith MJ., Boulard O., Powrie F., Maloy KJ.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Toll-like receptors (TLR) are innate immune receptors involved in recognition of the intestinal microflora; they are expressed by numerous cell types in the intestine, including epithelial cells, myeloid cells, and lymphocytes. Little is known about the relative contributions of TLR signaling in distinct cellular compartments to intestinal homeostasis. We aimed to define the roles of TLR signals in distinct cell types in the induction and regulation of chronic intestinal inflammation. METHODS: We assessed the roles of the shared TLR signaling adaptor protein, MyD88, in several complementary mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease, mediated by either innate or adaptive immune activation. MyD88-deficient mice and bone marrow chimeras were used to disrupt TLR signals selectively in distinct cellular compartments in the intestine. RESULTS: MyD88-dependent activation of myeloid cells was required for the development of chronic intestinal inflammation. By contrast, although epithelial cell MyD88 signals were required for host survival, they were insufficient to induce intestinal inflammation in the absence of an MyD88-competent myeloid compartment. MyD88 expression by T cells was not required for their pathogenic and regulatory functions in the intestine. CONCLUSIONS: Cellular compartmentalization of MyD88 signals in the intestine allow the maintenance of host defense and prevent deleterious inflammatory responses.


Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of human primary brain tumor. The standard treatment protocol includes radiotherapy in combination with temozolomide (TMZ). Despite advances in GBM treatment, the survival time of patients diagnosed with glioma is 14.5 months. Regarding tumor biology, various types of cancer cell overexpress the… (More)


The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that unique alternative designs can be efficiently found by searching the discarded data (or graveyard) from a multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA). Motivation for using graveyard data to generate design alternatives arises from the computational cost associated with real-time design space exploration of multiobjective optimization problems. The effectiveness of this approach is explored by comparing (1) the uniqueness of alternatives found using graveyard data and those generated using an optimization-based search, and (2) how alternative generation near the Pareto frontier is impacted. Two multiobjective case study problems are introduced—a two bar truss and an I-beam design optimization. Results from these studies indicate that using graveyard data allows for the discovery of alternative designs that are at least 70% as unique as alternatives found using an optimization-based alternative identification approach, while saving a significant number of functional evaluations. Additionally, graveyard data are shown to be better suited for alternative generation near the Pareto frontier than standard sampling techniques. Finally, areas of future work are also discussed.


Get the military a media plan The worldâ€™s fourth most powerful military worries that negative media coverage is eroding its image. For decades after 1947, even through the humiliating rout by the Chinese in 1962, Indiaâ€™s press placed the military on a pedestal. Foreign correspondents who rode into Dhaka with the Indian military in 1971 described our jawans fondly, even admiringly. This is no longer so. Now everyone is fair game for a brash, iconoclastic new breed of journalists and news organisations that operate in real time on digital media platforms. This is evident from the on-going feeding frenzy around one of the mediaâ€™s own --- a newsmagazine editor who faces accusations of rape. The military community, both serving and retired, finds it hard to deal with this new environment. In forum after forum where I meet the military, officers bitterly criticise what they call an anti-national media and an ungrateful nation. They point to numerous poorly sourced news articles critical of the military to dismiss even legitimate criticism. Critics of the military reject this prickliness with the jibe that the services are stuck in a time warp and must understand that they too are subject to scrutiny. But that would be short sighted because self-esteem is a crucial driver that induces soldiers, sailors and airmen to function in professional situations where death is a real possibility. If militaries were compensated monetarily for the risks they encounter, employee costs would be unaffordable. The respect that a military is accorded, therefore, should be viewed as cost-free remuneration that drives soldiers to do what they do. One winter morning in the early 1980s, I was a young lieutenant motorcycling down from Ferozepur to Delhi for a weekend of leave. With my shiny new Yezdi (yes, there was once a mobike called that!) stalled by a tyre puncture, I was admiring the mustard crop in the fields around me when a passing farmer saw my uniform and stopped his tractor. He loaded my Yezdi on his trailer and took me to a tyre repair shop in Moga, the nearest town, waving aside my offer to pay him. The tyre-shop owner peremptorily told his other customers to wait, fetched me a steaming glass of milk, repaired my tyre and had me back on the road in 20 minutes. There was no question of payment --- it was only a puncture, he said. This public regard kept us functioning as soldiers, not the princely Rs 790/- that I was drawing each month. The truth is that the military knows very little about the world of journalism and has no plan in place to learn more. It has no filters to distinguish one news report from another --- credible from amateurish, one that needs rebuttal from one that should be ignored. Instead of a careful evaluation of reportage, what comes to the fore is an unstoppable urge --- rooted perhaps in military training --- to respond, and respond now. Even as officers respond to a news report with reflexive denials and inadequately crosschecked â€œfactsâ€, the digitisation of the communications space permits others inside the organisation to pass on contradictory narratives. A senior television journalist who specialises in this tit-for-tat says that 70 per cent of the calls that he receives contradicting army statements come from the rank and file, not from officers. Nor does the army know when to be silent. In the recent intrusions in Keran, J&K, top generals appeared repeatedly before the media, promising a swift end to the operations. With no end in sight the conspiracy theories began, terming the intrusion â€œanother Kargilâ€. Why did the army set deadlines when a simple statement could have sufficed --- that the army has the situation under control and would brief the media when operations were concluded? This readiness to comment on on-going operations is matched by an inexplicable need to cloak administrative matters in secrecy. Instead of letting journalists file â€œexclusivesâ€ and â€œexposesâ€ on issues like rape by military men, there must be a website where administrative statistics are freely available? The generals seem unwilling to admit that 1.6 million soldiers, sailors and airmen represent a slice of society that will reflect the trends and ailments of the broader society they are drawn from. With survey after survey underlining that the military remains Indiaâ€™s most respected organisation in the eyes of the public, the generals must have the confidence to step back and unhurriedly prepare a media plan. In 2003-04, the army set up a new department to interface with the media --- the Army Liaison Cell. The ALC must now be manned by specialists, officers who have worked as journalists, who can conduct daily briefings, put mistakes and even debacles in perspective, and release harmless information that continues to be treated as secret. Source : Broadsword ====================== ====================== ====================== ====================== @Ray Sir & @Decklander Sir .. Your Views Please ..


Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise:
Thursday Morning Poster Presentations: Posters displayed from 7:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m.: One-hour author presentation times are staggered from 8:30-9:30 a.m. and 9:30-10:30 a.m.: D-31 Free Communication/Poster - Supplements: THURSDAY, JUNE 1, 2006 2:00 PM - 5:00 PM ROOM: Hall B
Author Information
Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
Email: gregorykarapetian@hotmail.com
PURPOSE: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the variability from one heart beat to the next; is vagally mediated; and has been found to change significantly during the aerobic-anaerobic transition of exercise. Ventilatory threshold (VT) and HRV both have a strong relationship with autonomic control and previous studies have suggested that a heart rate variability “threshold” (HRVT) exists which coincides with VT during graded exercise. Caffeine however, is a common stimulant that influences autonomic control, and may therefore influence HRV. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of caffeine on HRV during progressive exercise.
METHODS: Eleven subjects performed graded maximal cycle ergometry to volitional fatigue. The study was a randomized placebo controlled, double-blind design, where each subject served as his/her own control (caffeine vs. placebo). Metabolic gas and ventilatory parameters were measured breath-by-breath averaged over thirty seconds, and blood lactate was measured every three minutes. Lactate threshold and VT were measured according to Gaskill et al., 2001. Heart rate variability was determined using time domain indexes including standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and mean successive difference, which have been shown to correlate strongly with vagal tone (Hayano et al., 1991).
RESULTS: Caffeine consumption of 5mg/kg significantly (p <.05) increased blood lactate and reduced some indices of HRV (coefficient of variation and mean successive difference) at rest. However, during exercise the placebo and caffeine trials where no longer significantly different for lactate, VT, or HRV. CONCLUSIONS: While caffeine has a significant impact at rest, it does not influence lactate threshold, VT, or HRV during vigorous exercise.


Comparative analysis of viral RNA and apoptotic cells in bursae following infection with infectious bursal disease virus
Lih, Ling Kong and Omar, Abdul Rahman and Bejo, Mohd Hair (2008)
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2004.01.006
Abstract
Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens infected with very virulent (vv) infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) UPM94/273 developed lower pathogenicity compared to UPM97/61. Sequence analysis indicated that UPM94/273 is an exceptional vvIBDV. In this study, a SYBRw Green I based real-time reverse transcriptase reaction assay was developed to measure viral RNA in the bursae of SPF chickens infected with IBDV. Specificity of the amplified products was confirmed by melting temperature analysis. A linear relationship was observed between the amount of input viral RNA and the threshold values for IBDV-specific product over five log10 dilutions. The viral RNA level following infection with UPM94/273 was significantly higher at day 1 and 2 post-inoculation (p.i.) compared to UPM97/61 infected chickens. However, chickens infected with UPM97/61 had significantly higher numbers of bursal cells undergoing apoptosis compared to UPM94/273 infected chickens. In both groups, the number of apoptotic cells and viral RNA levels peak at day 3 p.i. This study indicates that UPM97/61 and UPM94/273 have different efficiency of replication and percentage of apoptotic cells in bursae during the acute phase of IBDV infection.
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Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative |Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Individual differences |Personality | Philosophy | Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
In psychology, it typically refers to
the perception of a group as pure entity (an entitative group), abstracted from its attendant individuals. It is different from holistic perception. Operationally, entitativity can also be defined as perceiving a collection of social targets (e.g., individuals) as possessing unity and coherence (e.g., a group). Entitativity is highest for intimacy groups, such as the family, lower for task groups, lower yet for social categories (e.g., people of the same religion), and lowest for transitory groups, such as people waiting at the same bus stop (Lickel et al., 2000).
Campbell (1958) coined the term
entitativity in order to explain why some groups are considered real groups while others are thought to be mere aggregates of individuals. He suggested that people rely on certain perceptual cues as they intuitively determine which aggregations of individuals are groups, and which are not (e.g. Spectators at a football game may seem like a disorganized collection of people, but when they shout the same cheers or express similar emotions, this gives them entitativity)(Forsyth, 2010).
Additionally, Campbell (1958) emphasized three cues that individuals can use to make judgments regarding entitativity:
common fate (the extent to which individuals in the aggregate seem to experience interrelated outcomes), similarity (the extent to which the individuals display the same behaviors or resemble one another), and proximity (the distance between individuals in the aggregate). To illustrate how we make those judgments, consider the example of people sharing a table at a library. They could be friends who are studying together, or they may also be strangers happening to share the same table. If you're wondering whether this is an actual group, you would examine their common fate, similarity, and proximity. Common fate may be something like the group all getting up and leaving together while talking or laughing amongst themselves. Similarity could be as simple as noticing that they are all using the same textbooks or notes, or that they happen to be wearing the same t-shirts to organizations (i.e., fraternity, university group). Finally, their physical proximity to one another (i.e., moving to sit closer) would be the final characteristic to judge that you are witnessing individuals with entitativity (Forsyth, 2010).
There are two proposed antecedents for the entitativity perception (Ip, Chiu, & Wan, 2006):
physical similarity goal/behavior similarity. See also Edit ReferencesEdit Campbell, D. T. (1958). Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of person as social
entities.
Behavioural Science, 3, 14–25. Ip, G. W. M., Chiu, C. Y., & Wan, C. (2006). Birds of a feather and birds flocking together: Physical versus behavioral cues may lead to trait- versus goal-based group perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90,368-381. Forsyth, D. R. (2010). Group Dynamics(5th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Lickel, B., Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J. (2001). Elements of a lay theory of groups: Types of groups, relational styles, and the perception of group entitativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5,129-140. Lickel, B., D. L Hamilton, G. Wieczorkowska, A. Lewis, S. J Sherman, and A. N Uhles. (2000). Varieties of groups and the perception of group entitativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology78, no. 2: 223–246. link to pdf
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Asked 7 years, 6 months ago
How should a diabetic runner refuel?
HOW TO REFUEL IF YOU’RE DIABETIC
I can’t seem to find any guidelines about how diabetics should include sports drinks and energy gels and bars into their training. Usually, for a 5K like the one I’m running on Saturday, I know I can make it with just water and then I know how to achieve a balanced blood glucose level when I eat afterwards. However, when I think about the 10-miler coming up on my schedule, I’m not confident at all knowing that I could collapse due to low blood sugar or overconsumption of a drink or gel that would cause my glucose to soar. Any tips would be greatly appreciated. Cathy Lanuto, Washington, DC


The Reserve Bank has said a further cut to the cash rate is likely, despite the risks in the housing and mortgage market.
In the minutes of the March monetary policy board meeting, the central bank noted that risks “continued to be centred on housing and mortgage markets”, admitting that the recent decline in interest rates could further boost prices, particularly in the commercial market.
“…[R]isks had been beginning to build in commercial property markets, including developers of residential as well as non-residential property. Prices in several market segments had been rising, even as vacancy rates remained high and leasing conditions weakened,” members noted.
The Reserve Bank also expressed concerns over the residential sector, particularly in regards to the effects of historically low interest rates on investor lending.
“The composition of these markets remained skewed to investor activity, especially in Sydney,” members noted. Growth in credit for housing investors was noticeably faster than owner-occupier credit, at over 10% measured on the same basis.
In December, APRA announced measures designed to temper the housing market risks faced both by households and lenders, although the Reserve Bank minutes also noted that “these risks also needed to be placed in the context of the prevailing low levels of household stress”.
But despite the Reserve Bank’s concern over the risks mounting in the housing and mortgage market, members noted that another cut to the cash rate is likely in the future to boost economic growth and decrease the Australian dollar.
“Nonetheless, on the basis of the current forecasts for growth and inflation, members were of the view that a case to ease monetary policy further might emerge.”


ICAO DANGEROUS GOODS TRAINING PROGRAMME
The dangerous goods training programme consists of training courses which will assist States in complying with the broad principles governing the international transport of dangerous goods by air outlined in Annex 18 and detailed in the Technical Instructions. The programme is directed towards safety inspectors responsible for dangerous goods, but it would benefit anyone with a need for knowledge of the detailed provisions in the Technical Instructions. Individuals who successfully complete a course receive a certificate directly from ICAO.
Dangerous Goods Training Courses
ICAO is offering the courses in one of two ways: in-country or fixed course dates. In-country delivery of courses allows for a large number of students to attend the course without incurring multiple travel costs. This is beneficial for organizations with multiple individuals to train. Fixed course dates are pre-determined by ICAO at a set location.
PART 1 - This course provides State employees with the knowledge and skills required to determine when a consignment of dangerous goods is prepared, handled, stored and transported in accordance with Annex 18 and the Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air.
PART 2 - This course provides a foundation for establishing and maintaining a dangerous goods oversight programme. Students will be given the knowledge and skills to evaluate operator dangerous goods programmes and to conduct dangerous goods-related inspections and investigations of operators and shippers.
For detailed information on scheduling a course for this programme, please contact: AviationTraining@icao.int.


The term postal savings bank refers to financial institutions operated by post offices that took deposits and provided customers with access to a safe location to keep their money. Postal savings banks were originally established to promote thrift among the poor.
Postal savings banks were first established in Great Britain in 1861 and catered to wealthy individuals living in larger cities. Eventually, more countries began to offer this service, ultimately catering to the poor with the objective of promoting savings.
The United States Postal Savings System was signed into law by President Taft in 1910, and provided this service from 1911 until July 1967. The US Postal Savings System initially paid 2% interest on deposits, while the money was placed in commercial banks earning 2.5%. The remaining 0.5% was used to pay for the cost of providing this service. These banks initially had an advantage over commercial banks because deposits were guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. The Banking Act of 1933 introduced Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which eliminated this advantage. At its peak in 1947, the United States Postal Savings System held $3.4 billion in deposits and served 4 million customers through 8,141 locations.
Countries still providing this service include: Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Israel, Ireland, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Vietnam. Countries no longer offering this service include Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Great Britain, Portugal, Finland, and the United States.


Poly(A) binding protein (PABP) homeostasis is mediated by the stability of its inhibitor, Paip2.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601676
The poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is a unique translation initiation factor in that it binds to the mRNA 3' poly(A) tail and stimulates recruitment of the ribosome to the mRNA at the 5' end. PABP activity is tightly controlled by the PABP-interacting protein 2 (Paip2), which inhibits translation by displacing PABP from the mRNA. Here, we describe a close interplay between PABP and Paip2 protein levels in the cell. We demonstrate a mechanism for this co-regulation that involves an E3 ubiquitin ligase, EDD, which targets Paip2 for degradation. PABP depletion by RNA interference (RNAi) causes co-depletion of Paip2 protein without affecting Paip2 mRNA levels. Upon PABP knockdown, Paip2 interacts with EDD, which leads to Paip2 ubiquitination. Supporting a critical role for EDD in Paip2 degradation, knockdown of EDD expression by siRNA leads to an increase in Paip2 protein stability. Thus, we demonstrate that the turnover of Paip2 in the cell is mediated by EDD and is regulated by PABP. This mechanism serves as a homeostatic feedback to control the activity of PABP in cells.
Pubmed ID: 16601676 RIS Download
Mesh terms: Feedback, Physiological | HeLa Cells | Humans | Immunoprecipitation | Poly(A)-Binding Proteins | Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex | Protein Biosynthesis | RNA, Messenger | RNA, Small Interfering | RNA-Binding Proteins | Repressor Proteins | Ubiquitin | Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases


Dear President Obama,
Thank you for your service to our country. Thank you for supporting "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" for every American.
I write to you today regarding our country's education policy. I call you to support "conditions for excellence" in every American school. Education is the foundation our country stands on, and currently there are many who want to weaken that foundation for their own gain and fame without evidenced-based knowledge and research.
Similar to the mortgage crisis, when profiteers sought to use the American people, particularly those without great voice or choice, for personal gain, education demise and quick fixes (like too-good-to-be-true mortgages) will cost our country excess dollars and weaken the American spirit of innovation and change.
Now it's time to build "conditions for excellence" in every American school by streamlining standardized tests (saving misspent dollars), and supporting a broad criteria for excellence as noted in this blog post I wrote: http://teachwellnow.blogspot.com/2011/08/standardized-tests.html
I see the promise our country holds for a bright future. I know that an optimal, well-rounded, child-centered education for every child, the kind you and I afford our own children, will pave the way for that future. I believe that government has the role to regulate private industry so that its gain is not the people's loss.
It's time to turn the tide in education from NCLB to "Excellence in Education for All." I implore you to seek the consult of outstanding, experienced educators and researchers to learn the truth of what matters in education and lead the way to a bright future for all of America's children.
Thank you for listening.
With respect,
Maureen Devlin
Fourth Grade Teacher
Wayland, MA
Cc: Secretary Arne Duncan, Governor Deval Patrick


Inheritance tax, and the rules and regulations governing it, can be complicated, just like many of the options for limiting any potential tax bill, when passing on your wealth. It is important for you to seek professional advice when considering or setting up a trust.
With appropriate trusts and inheritance tax planning your financial adviser can help you avoid making the taxman your largest beneficiary when you die.
Please note that trust arrangements are not Old Mutual Wealth products, they are legal arrangements allowing your investments to be held in a way that minimises their tax liability.
You can find further information about tax and trusts in these documents:
A guide to investment for trustees
This guide highlights some key aspects of investment for trustees.


EGFR mutation testing has become an essential determination to decide treatment options for NSCLC. The mutation analysis is often conducted in samples with low percentage of tumour cells from primary tumour biopsies. There is very little evidence that samples from metastatic tissues are suitable for EGFR testing. We had evaluated the frequency of EGFR… (More)


Finish Line IncFind Ratings Reports
Financial Analysis
FINISH LINE INC's gross profit margin for the third quarter of its fiscal year 2016 has increased when compared to the same period a year ago. Even though sales increased, the net income has decreased, representing a decrease to the bottom line. FINISH LINE INC has very weak liquidity. Currently, the Quick Ratio is 0.25 which clearly shows a lack of ability to cover short-term cash needs. The company's liquidity decreased from the same period a year ago, despite already having very weak liquidity to begin with. This would indicate deteriorating cash flow.
During the same period, stockholders' equity ("net worth") has decreased by 16.48% from the same quarter last year. The key liquidity measurements indicate that the company is in a position in which financial difficulties could develop in the near future.
STOCKS TO BUY: TheStreet Quant Ratings has identified a handful of stocks that can potentially TRIPLE in the next 12-months. To learn more visit www.TheStreetRatings.com.
Income Statement Q3 FY16 Q3 FY15 Net Sales ($mil) 371.74 361.03 EBITDA ($mil) 0.0 0.0 EBIT ($mil) -18.77 -32.84 Net Income ($mil) -40.44 -21.84
Balance Sheet Q3 FY16 Q3 FY15 Cash & Equiv. ($mil) 33.3 55.27 Total Assets ($mil) 781.64 879.78 Total Debt ($mil) 17.0 0.0 Equity ($mil) 465.67 557.59
Profitability Q3 FY16 Q3 FY15 Gross Profit Margin 26.73 23.0 EBITDA Margin 0.0 0.0 Operating Margin -5.05 -9.1 Sales Turnover 2.39 2.04 Return on Assets -0.53 6.67 Return on Equity 5.77 10.93
Debt Q3 FY16 Q3 FY15 Current Ratio 1.96 2.11 Debt/Capital 0.04 0.0 Interest Expense 0.0 0.0 Interest Coverage 0.0 0.0
Share Data Q3 FY16 Q3 FY15 Shares outstanding (mil) 40.5 44.36 Div / share 0.1 0.09 EPS -0.26 -0.44 Book value / share 11.5 12.57 Institutional Own % n/a n/a Avg Daily Volume 1550326.0 918166.0
Valuation
HOLD. The current P/E ratio indicates a premium compared to an average of 22.09 for the Specialty Retail industry and a value on par with the S&P 500 average of 25.41. To use another comparison, its price-to-book ratio of 1.48 indicates a discount versus the S&P 500 average of 2.83 and a significant discount versus the industry average of 14.08. The price-to-sales ratio is well below both the S&P 500 average and the industry average, indicating a discount.
Price/Earnings
Price/Cash Flow
FINL 27.08 Peers 22.09 FINL 5.21 Peers 13.93
Premium. A higher P/E ratio than its peers can signify a more expensive stock or higher growth expectations.
FINL is trading at a premium to its peers.
Discount. The P/CF ratio, a stock’s price divided by the company's cash flow from operations, is useful for comparing companies with different capital requirements or financing structures.
FINL is trading at a significant discount to its peers.
Price/Projected
Earnings
Price to
Earnings/Growth
FINL 9.72 Peers 20.93 FINL 0.12 Peers 2.02
Discount. A lower price-to-projected earnings ratio than its peers can signify a less expensive stock or lower future growth expectations.
FINL is trading at a significant discount to its peers.
Discount. The PEG ratio is the stock’s P/E divided by the consensus estimate of long-term earnings growth. Faster growth can justify higher price multiples.
FINL trades at a significant discount to its peers.
Price/Book
Earnings Growth
FINL 1.48 Peers 14.08 FINL -51.54 Peers -14.80
Discount. A lower price-to-book ratio makes a stock more attractive to investors seeking stocks with lower market values per dollar of equity on the balance sheet.
FINL is trading at a significant discount to its peers.
Lower. Elevated earnings growth rates can lead to capital appreciation and justify higher price-to-earnings ratios.
However, FINL is expected to significantly trail its peers on the basis of its earnings growth rate.
Price/Sales
Sales Growth
FINL 0.37 Peers 1.48 FINL 4.28 Peers 7.69
Discount. In the absence of P/E and P/B multiples, the price-to-sales ratio can display the value investors are placing on each dollar of sales.
FINL is trading at a significant discount to its industry on this measurement.
Lower. A sales growth rate that trails the industry implies that a company is losing market share.
FINL significantly trails its peers on the basis of sales growth


How Should I Light my Fireplace Properly?
Rooms with fireplaces are often inadequately lit – these spaces are generally designed for relaxing and entertaining but the lighting may only consist of a few lamps. If you’re lucky your builder might have thrown in a few recessed lights near the fireplace for general lighting, that is definitely needed but recessed cans are perfect for lighting the overall space and lack the layers of lighting needed to create depth and highlight the room’s features. When done properly lighting will add depth and ambiance while tying together all aspects of decor.
Fireplaces are sought after architectural details and should be highlighted in your space – start with placing two recessed lights two feet away to cross-illuminate the fireplace; keeping them close to the fireplace will ensure a person cannot step between the light source and fireplace, creating shadows and blinding an unsuspecting guest. Make sure to get an adjustable trim, either a gimbal or eyeball trim. The two lights should be positioned to wash the area above the mantel. To add some more depth, frame the fireplace with sconces on either side, which will create drama and focus attention on the centerpiece. No room for wall sconces? Or seeking a cleaner look? Accent lighting can be applied above crown molding; this will create a warm inviting glow that will balance the room.
Indirect lighting will help soften the shadows produced by the recessed lights. The exact application of this indirect lighting will depend on your space. A higher ceiling would benefit from one or two pendants or chandeliers centered on the fireplace and a smaller room with a lower ceiling might benefit from just a few lamps. Either application of indirect lighting will soften shadows and add human scale to the space. An accented fireplace will remain the focal point for the room while the layers of light create an inviting space with warmth and interest.


Too often, I hear people using the terms bandwidth and broadband interchangeably. They are not the referencing the same thing.
Bandwidth has its origins in the analog world, and is related to hertz, or frequency. In the world of RF, there is also signal bandwidth or analog bandwidth. Bandwidth is also used to describe light, such as spectral bandwidth. However, in the digital world, bandwidth is clearly used to reference speed, which can then be used to calculate capacity. For example, Unified Communications requires more bandwidth than simple VoIP. VoIP without compression requires 64kbps. A UC voice channel typically requires 88-96kbps.
Bandwidth for the IP Community is nearly always referred to in terms of bits per second, the range of which is infinite in either direction – more bits per second or fewer bits per second. So, if bandwidth is about speed, what is broadband?
Broadband, as described by the FCC, requires a minimum bandwidth of 256kbps. The term broadband is applied to a transmission media that can support multiple signals simultaneously. As with bandwidth, broadband has historical references to radio and TV. It also is related to terms such as narrow band and wide band. However, for this discussion, we will refer to broadband as it applies to the Internet. In that context, we view broadband as delivered using copper, fiber, cable, wireless (Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, LTE), satellite, etc. The types of broadband include DSL, ADSL, SDSL, T1, DS3, Cable modem, etc.
Perhaps, this primer is only useful to a few of you. But as we sell VoIP, Hosted UC and SIP Trunking, it is necessary to understand the difference between a request for broadband, and the bandwidth required to service the customer.


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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety communication Tuesday about cybersecurity flaws in certain St. Jude Medical cardiac devices and the Merlin@home transmitter after it was confirmed the devices could potentially be remotely accessed by unauthorized individuals.
The FDA confirmed that unauthorized users could “remotely access a patient’s RF-enabled implanted cardiac device by altering the Merlin@home Transmitter,” potentially causing patients to be harmed. The flaws would allow an attacker to deplete the battery on implanted devices, alter pacing, or trigger shocks.
The FDA confirmed that there have been no reported instances of the cybersecurity flaws being exploited to cause harm to patients to date and patients have been advised to continue using the devices as instructed by their healthcare providers.
A patch to address the flaws has been developed and will be automatically applied this week. However, in order for the Merlin@home device to receive the update it must be left plugged in and connected to the Merlin Network.
The cybersecurity vulnerabilities were discovered by researchers at MedSec as part of a study into cybersecurity measures used to protect implantable medical devices. MedSec passed on details of the research to Muddy Waters last summer. In August 2016, Muddy Waters published a report criticizing St. Jude Medical for allowing ‘stunning cybersecurity flaws’ to remain unaddressed in its Merlin@home system and its associated defibrillators and pacemakers. St. Jude Medical denied the claims and sued Muddy Waters for disseminating ‘false and misleading’ information.
However, since the revelations were made in August, Abbott Laboratories, which recently acquired St. Jude Medical in a $25 billion deal, has been conducting its own investigations into device security. Abbott Laboratories has worked closely with both the FDA and the Department of Homeland Security to ensure that its pacemakers, defibrillator devices, and their associated systems are adequately protected and access by unauthorized individuals is blocked. The FDA has reviewed the software patch and has confirmed that it addresses the “greatest risks” and reduces the potential for exploitation and patient harm.
Carson Block, founder of Muddy Waters, issued a statement about the FDA announcement saying it “reaffirms our belief that had we not gone public, St. Jude would not have remediated the vulnerabilities.” However, while critical security vulnerabilities have been addressed, Block said “the announced fixes do not appear to address many of the larger problems, including the existence of a universal code that could allow hackers to control the implants.”
In the safety communication, the FDA reminded consumers that “any medical device connected to a communications network (e.g. wi-fi, public or home Internet) may have cybersecurity vulnerabilities that could be exploited by unauthorized users.” The FDA went on to say “the increased use of wireless technology and software in medical devices, however, can also often offer safer, more efficient, convenient and timely health care delivery.”
Cybersecurity Guidance for Medical Device Manufacturers
In December 2016, the FDA published its final cybersecurity guidance for medical device manufacturers. The document details measures that medical device manufacturers should adopt to ensure post-market devices are routinely assessed for vulnerabilities that could be exploited by hackers. The FDA released guidance in 2014 covering pre-market submissions for the management of cybersecurity in medical devices.


I've read a recent study that suggests MINOR colds don't have to interfere with training, and that the duration of the cold is unaffected one way or the other.
Influenza isn't a common cold, however, but a potentially serious viral infection, if that's what you actually have. I'll defer to those here with professional medical training, but I would think that your body's resources need to be concentrated on fighting the flu, which will sap your strength. I've only had the flu in my youth (been taking flu shots for 30 years), but remember being wasted for a while afterwards. And when I had pneumonia at age 38 (and misdiagnosed for weeks by incompetent Army doctors before it was treated), I was weak as a kitten for a good 6 months following it. Serious diseases really tax your whole body, and the flu is one of them. I would of course see a doctor, and focus on rest and everything else you're told to do. That's the best way to quickly return to your training.


BACKGROUNDTraffic policemen are identified to be at a higher risk of exposure to air pollution and its contaminants such as lead. A study done prior to the introduction of unleaded petroleum in Sri Lanka revealed a mean blood lead level of 53.07 μg/dL, which was well above the Center for Disease Control defined acceptable safe levels. This study aimed to… (More)


APPEAL from the Circuit Court of Madison County; the Hon.
JOSEPH J. BARR, Judge, presiding.
MR. JUSTICE JONES DELIVERED THE OPINION OF THE COURT:
This appeal brought by plaintiff-appellant, Donald Burroughs, arises from a negligence action involving a rear end collision. The trial court of Madison County entered judgment on the jury verdict of not guilty returned in favor of the defendant.
The issues presented for review are: (1) whether the jury's verdict was against the manifest weight of the evidence; and (2) whether the court erred in instructing the jury.
On a dark, wet evening, November 25, 1972, at approximately 6 p.m. a 1968 Javelin driven by the defendant Ricky McGinness, age 17, with Richard Adams, age 12, riding as passenger came onto U.S. Route 40 in Collinsville, Illinois, from Illinois Route 157, which merges into Route 40. Traveling west in the right hand lane the defendant collided with the rear end of a 1969 Buick Riviera operated by plaintiff, Donald Burroughs, with Barbara Burroughs, his wife, riding as passenger. It was stipulated that the plaintiff's injury was a result of the collision.
The defendant in his deposition, and when first examined by plaintiff's attorney at trial, contended that he did not see the plaintiff's car until he was 50-75 feet away from it. However, on cross-examination he stated that he misunderstood the question; he actually noticed the plaintiff's car when going down a hill while plaintiff's car was going around a curve ahead, but he did not start braking until he was 50-75 feet from the plaintiff's car. The defendant stated that he was traveling at 35-40 m.p.h. and he began braking because he thought the plaintiff's car was stopped. Subsequently, he stated that he did not know the car was stopped. He testified that he could see cars for one-half to three-quarters of a mile from the top of the hill on Route 157 but the curve in the road obstructed his vision to a certain extent. However, the defendant acknowledged that there were no obstructions on Route 40 near the K-Mart store where the accident occurred. The defendant stated that he saw that the plaintiff's taillights were illuminated but he did not see any brake lights or turn signal. Defendant further acknowledged that the reason he did not see the plaintiff's car and begin to brake sooner was because he was distracted by the confusion of the traffic to the left of him at the intersection of Route 157 and Route 40. He also testified on direct examination that the car he hit in the rear was approximately 100 feet from the K-Mart store's entrance.
The plaintiff, Burroughs, testified that he did not see defendant's car until after the impact. He contended that at the time of the accident he was not stopped but had slowed down to a speed of 8-10 m.p.h. because the car in front of him had its right turn signal on. He also testified that he was moving slowly because the pavement was wet and he was preparing to turn into the driveway of the K-Mart store. However, the plaintiff contended that he had not begun to make his turn onto the K-Mart driveway. Although he testified his wheels were slightly turned, he also stated that he was 25 feet from the K-Mart entrance when the accident occurred. Plaintiff believed he had his turn signal on but could not specifically remember because it was a natural reflex for him to activate his turn signal.
The plaintiff's wife, Barbara Burroughs, who was a passenger in plaintiff's car at the time of the accident, testified that it was dark out and that the lights on their car were on. She further stated that she and her husband were going to turn into the K-Mart Shopping Center; however, they had not yet turned at the time of impact. Mrs. Burroughs also testified that after the collision her husband could not move so she helped him steer the car into the K-Mart parking lot and turned the motor off.
The record reveals that an ambulance was called and Mr. Burroughs was taken to St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Granite City. Since the accident the plaintiff has had back trouble which has required and will require in the future medical treatment and expenses.
1 The plaintiff in this appeal first contends the jury verdict is against the manifest weight of the evidence. We are aware that the jury verdict is to be given great weight. Nevertheless, when the jury returns a verdict which is not supported by the evidence it is the duty of the trial court or the reviewing court to act as a check upon the jury and reverse that verdict. (Thomas v. Lynch (1978), 59 Ill. App.3d 542, 375 N.E.2d 859; Glaze v. Owens (1968), 104 Ill. App.2d 172, 243 N.E.2d 13.) In light of general experience and common knowledge, the evidence before us reveals that the defendant was not attentive while driving and therefore, negligent. A driver approaching from the rear has the duty to keep a safe lookout and he must take into consideration the fact that he may be required to stop or slow his vehicle suddenly. (Glenn v. Mosley (1976), 39 Ill. App.3d 172, 350 N.E.2d 219; Apato v. Be Mac Transport Co. (1972), 7 Ill. App.3d 1099, 288 N.E.2d 683; Barnash v. Rubovits (1964), 46 Ill. App.2d 409, 197 N.E.2d 134.) Furthermore if he does not maintain a proper lookout for traffic ahead he is negligent. Glenn v. Mosley.
The defendant testified that he could see the cars traveling in his lane for a distance of one-half to three-quarters of a mile, but the rain prevented him from determining if the cars were moving or stopped. The plaintiff testified that he was not stopped in the road, but rather was traveling at a speed of 8-10 m.p.h. because the driver preceeding him was turning. The defendant was traveling at a speed of 35-40 m.p.h. and acknowledged that he did not begin to brake until he was only 50-75 feet from the plaintiff's car. Since the defendant saw plaintiff's car prior to the time he began to brake, he should have determined that he was gaining unduly on the plaintiff's car and slowed his vehicle accordingly. Also, due to the weather conditions and the prospect of turning traffic in a congested area preceding the plaintiff, the defendant should have anticipated that the plaintiff was moving slowly. The defendant has a duty to travel at a speed which would have provided an adequate distance between his car and the plaintiff's car, and which would have allowed the defendant to make a safe stop when the traffic ahead of him had stopped or slowed. The defendant testified that the merging traffic to the left of him at the intersection of Routes 157 and 40 was confusing. However, he also acknowledged that he had traveled through this intersection nearly 100 times before. The defendant also admitted that prior to his braking he was talking or looking somewhere else when he should have been watching the traffic in front of him.
2 We conclude that in light of these particular facts and the record before us, abundant evidence established the negligence of the defendant, McGinness.
The defendant contended that the plaintiff contributed to the accident by violating the "turn signal statute" (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 95 1/2, par. 11-804(b)), which in itself can be considered some evidence that plaintiff was negligent. The alleged violation of the statute was the only evidence adduced by the defendant that the plaintiff was contributorily negligent. This evidence was presented to the jury through defendant's instruction 4A, the statutory violation instruction (Illinois Pattern Jury Instructions, Civil, No. 60.01 (2d ed. 1971)), which incorporated the "turn signal statute" and stated:
"A signal of intention to turn right when required must be given continuously during not less than 100 feet traveled by the vehicle before turning within a business district." (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 95 1/2, par. 11-804(b).)
"Any turn signal when required shall be given either by means of the hand and arm or by an electric turn signal device." (Ill. Rev. ...


Many still fail to appreciate the huge potential for using energy more efficiently, which is probably the best way to reduce carbon emissions.
Check it out: In the Boston Consulting Group’s report The Energy Efficiency Opportunity: Winning Strategies for a High-Growth Market, which was published in May, we calculate potential energy savings of 200 megatons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in the U.S., which is equal to 20% of annual energy demand.
In Europe, we project that energy-efficiency technologies will represent a market worth approximately €30 billion ($38.2 billion) by 2020.
The most robust growth will be in countries with high energy prices, determined regulators, stable regulatory environments, and established energy-efficiency markets.
Some important challenges remain in the residential market, however.


Skip to main contentCGMA homeSign inAbout usContact usEmployersCharted Global Management Accountant Logo" />MagazineResourcesLearnEventsAbout CGMA®Become a CGMA®SearchNews|Features|Videos|Podcast|NewsletterReports|Tools|Videos|Blogs|Promote Your CGMA®Competency and Learning|Courses|Harvard ManageMentor|PublicationsConferences|WebcastsWhy CGMA|Benefits|What is management accounting|Case studies|FAQs|Code of ethicsTransformation and transparency: managing local government performanceAdd to favouritesDecember 16 2014Topics:Performance managementThis report explores the role of the finance function in local government. It provides guidance for local government leaders and finance professionals on how to enable effective performance management.It identifies four critical areas to be addressed: thetransformationof public services, the need to enable a supportingtechnologystructure, the demand for greater governmenttransparencyand the challenge of recruiting, developing and retainingtalent.Success across these 'Four Ts' requires careful planning and execution, together with detailed monitoring and analysis of results. A strong, integrated finance function is crucial in achieving this.InfographicInterested inorganisational managementandgovernance? You may also like....Essential tools for management accountantsToolThe Boardroom and RiskPublicationRisk cultureReportExplore moremanagement accounting topics.Be the first to leave a comment.You must be a CGMA Designation Holder to commentLogin nowRelatedWinning KPIsHow to drive value from sustainability performance management and the CFO's roleUnlocking performanceGoverning for performance: New directions in corporate governanceStay connected with CGMAAbout usJoint ventureOur missionPressContact usMagazineNewsFeaturesVideosPodcastNewsletterResourcesReportsToolsVideosBlogsPromote Your CGMA®LearnCompetency and LearningCoursesHarvard ManageMentorPublicationsEventsConferencesWebcastsAbout CGMA®Why CGMABenefitsManagement accountingCase studiesFAQsCode of ethicsBecome a CGMA®


1. Dorsey, Grant: 27 articles (01/2015 - 05/2006) 2. White, Nicholas J: 23 articles (10/2015 - 12/2003) 3. Rosenthal, Philip J: 23 articles (01/2015 - 05/2006) 4. Kamya, Moses R: 20 articles (01/2015 - 05/2006) 5. Mårtensson, Andreas: 15 articles (10/2014 - 10/2005) 6. Utzinger, Jürg: 15 articles (09/2011 - 01/2002) 7. Davis, Timothy M E: 13 articles (08/2015 - 03/2006) 8. Björkman, Anders: 13 articles (10/2014 - 10/2005) 9. Ogutu, Bernhards: 12 articles (08/2015 - 01/2008) 10. Sowunmi, Akintunde: 12 articles (01/2015 - 08/2007)
1. Malaria
01/01/2006 - "Artemether, highly effective in multi-drug-resistant malaria is not routinely available for use in pregnancy due to the lack of adequate research data in animals and man. "
10/01/2008 - "Solid microemulsion preconcentrate (NanOsorb) of artemether for effective treatment of malaria."
10/01/1999 - "Artemether is a new and effective treatment for malaria, although relapse is a problem in monotherapy. "
11/01/1996 - "artemether would be an effective treatment of severe malaria in the rural tropics in situations where oral or parenteral administration is not possible."
01/01/2014 - "Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intramuscular artemether with intravenous or intramuscular antimalarial for treating severe malaria. "
2. Falciparum Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum Malaria)
11/21/1992 - "Artemether is effective against falciparum malaria but associated with a high recrudescence rate. "
07/01/1997 - "These results suggest that artemether is rapidly effective in acute recrudescent Plasmodium falciparum malaria and is without deleterious side effects."
11/01/2015 - "Efficacy of a Novel Sublingual Spray Formulation of Artemether in African Children with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria."
09/01/1999 - "An open study to evaluate the efficacy of artemether in severe falciparum malaria."
01/01/2008 - "[Efficacy of artemether in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children aged 6-60 months of age in Bangui (Central African Republic)]."
3. Infection
11/01/2005 - "A double-blind field trial on the effects of artemether on Schistosoma japonicum infection in a highly endemic focus in southern China."
01/01/2003 - "These findings have been confirmed in clinical trials for the former two parasites; administered orally once every 2-3 weeks, artemether significantly reduced the incidence and intensity of patent infections. "
01/01/2003 - "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral artemether for the prevention of patent Schistosoma haematobium infections."
05/01/2002 - "Randomized controlled clinical trials confirmed that artemether, orally administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg once every 2-3 weeks, results in no drug-related adverse effects, and significantly reduces the incidence and intensity of schistosome infections. "
01/01/2002 - "Artemether, an efficacious antimalarial drug, effectively prevents patent schistosome infections and morbidity, as established in laboratory models and in clinical trials. "
4. Cerebral Malaria
03/01/1996 - "The clinical efficacy of intramuscular artemether was studied in 144 children suffering from severe non cerebral malaria. "
05/01/1997 - "The disposition of intramuscular artemether in children with cerebral malaria; a preliminary study."
02/12/2005 - "Rectal artemether is effective and well tolerated and could be used as treatment for cerebral malaria."
10/15/1999 - "Artemether represents an important option in the management of cerebral malaria in Nigeria especially in rural areas where facilities for intravenous administration may not yet be optimal."
05/01/1997 - "The disposition of intramuscular artemether (AM) was studied in 26 Kenyan children with cerebral malaria. "
5. Parasitemia
10/15/2012 - "In addition, despite adversely affecting parasitemia and weight in non-artemether treated infected mice, HJP-272, seemed to confer some survival benefit when used as adjunctive therapy, though this did not reach significance. "
12/01/1993 - "The effects of artemether on the morphology of Plasmodium falciparum were studied in an owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) when parasitemia reached 33% and the animal became severely ill. "
05/06/2004 - "CF(3) analogues of artemether and arteether exhibited a high in vivo antimalarial activity on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK173, with a complete clearance of the parasitemia during the entire observation period (25 days)."
08/01/2007 - "Artemether-lumefantrine clears parasitemia more rapidly than ASP but both combinations are effective in treatment of uncomplicated P. "
01/01/1999 - "Findings showed that artemether was more effective than quinine with regard to total clearance of parasitemia, 90 p. "
1. lumefantrine 2. artesunate 3. artemisinine (artemisinin) 4. Amodiaquine (Camoquin) 5. Quinine (Quinson) 6. sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar) 7. Mefloquine (Lariam) 8. piperaquine 9. dihydroquinghaosu (dihydroartemisinin) 10. Chloroquine (Aralen)
1. Aftercare (After-Treatment) 2. Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 3. Chinese Traditional Medicine (Traditional Chinese Medicine) 4. Intravenous Infusions 5. Therapeutics


Camellias are perennial evergreen shrubs that belong to the Theaceae plant family. Native to South and East Asia, gardeners often use camellias to add a dash of color to gardens during the winter months when many other plants go dormant. These easy-to-grow shrubs come in various forms and numerous varieties.
Camellia Crapnelliana
The camellia crapnelliana plant comes from Hong Kong and thrives in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Hardiness Zones 8 to 10. This camellia variety reaches between 20 and 30 feet in height with spreads ranging from 12 to 20 feet. The Camellia crapnelliana features green foliage, reddish-brown bark and aromatic white flowers that bloom from October through December. These shrubs prefer rich, acidic soils in partially shady planting sites. This variety needs medium, consistent moisture and protection from direct afternoon sun. Camellia crapnellianas occasionally suffer from leaf spots, black mold and aphid infestations. Many gardeners use this camellia as container plants, background plants and shrub borders.
Camellia Furfuracea
The Camellia furfuracea, native to Vietnam and South China, generally thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 8 to 10. This camellia variety reaches between 6 and 9 feet in height with slightly smaller spreads. The fragrant, white flowers bloom from December through March, followed by inedible brown fruits. This plant needs acidic, well-drained soils in partly shady locations. Anthracnose, petal blight and root rot sometimes plague these camellias. The camellia fufuracea works well when planted in borders or woodland gardens.
Camellia Japonica
Camellia japonica, indigenous to Korea, China and Japan, typically grows well in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 9. This camellia variety matures up to 12 feet in height with spreads of about 10 feet. This shrub prefers partially shady positions and slightly acidic soils. The Japanese camellia blooms pink, red, white or striped flowers. The flower displays occur in the early spring for cooler climates and from autumn to spring in warmer climates. Indoor plants often attract mealy bugs, scale and aphids. Gardeners should plant this shrub in areas large enough to handle its spreading habit.
Camellia Oleifera
The camellia oleifera, more commonly called the tea-oil camellia, is native to Indochina and China. Winter hardy in USDA Zones 7 to 10, this camellia variety grows between 10 and 20 feet in height with similar spreads. This plant features green leaves and fragrant white flowers that bloom in March. The tea-oil camellia prefers fully sunny to partially shady planting sites and acidic, moist soils. Camellia oleifera plants often contract leaf spots, canker and black mold. Scale frequently infest these plants. Home gardeners typically use this shrub in protected areas around patios and homes.
Camellia Petelotii
Camellia petelotii plants come from Southern China and Vietnam, and successfully grow in USDA Zones 8 to 10. This variety of camellia reaches heights between 6 and 10 feet with slightly smaller spreads. Yellow, fragrant flowers bloom from December through March. Emerging leaves have purple tints, but mature to a dark green color. This camellia plant requires acidic, rich soils in partly shady locations. Camellia petelotti shrubs sometimes suffer from anthracnose, canker and petal blight. Spider mites and scales occasionally feed on this plant. The camellia petelotti works well as borders, hedges and backgrounds.


On March 17, 2016, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (“PHMSA”) announced proposed new safety regulations concerning onshore natural gas transmission and gathering pipelines. These proposed regulations would expand and enhance the reach of PHMSA’s pipeline safety protocols. Among the proposed rule changes are: new assessment and repair criteria for gas transmission pipelines; expansion of this criteria into medium population density areas; enhanced corrosion control requirements; and verification of maximum allowable operating pressure, including verification of maximum pressures for pipelines that have not yet been verified due to grandfathering. Significantly, the proposed regulations would repeal an exemption for gas gathering line reporting requirements and add a new definition for onshore production facility/operation, as well as a revised definition of gathering lines. This rulemaking would extend regulatory requirements to certain previously unregulated lines that are eight inches or greater in diameter; however, such requirements would be limited to damage prevention, corrosion control, public education, maximum allowable operating pressure limits, line markers and emergency planning.
This effort to enhance safety regulations arises out a general concern for pipeline safety in the face of unprecedented demands on the pipeline system. These changes are also driven by the need to prevent significant gas pipeline incidents, including events such as the rupture and explosion of a natural gas transmission line in San Bruno, California, on September 9, 2010, that killed eight people. PHMSA estimates the total present value (15-year period, 7-percent discount rate) of benefits for the proposed rule to be around $3.3 billion, while costs for the same period are expected to be approximately $597 million. Other benefits from the proposed regulations include expected reductions in greenhouse gas emissions—in particular, methane—from pipelines. Leak detection protocols set forth in the proposed regulations are expected to prevent approximately 69,000 to 122,000 metric tons of methane and 14,000 to 22,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide over a 15-year period.
Comments on the proposed rulemaking, which is available on PHMSA website, are due within 60 days following publication in the
Federal Register.


We have studied the influence of Pt on the growth of Ni suicide thin films by examining the Pt redistribution during suicide growth. Three different initial Pt configurations were investigated, i.e., a Pt alloy (Ni+Pt/< Si >), a Pt capping layer (Pt/Ni/< Si >) and a Pt interlayer (Ni/Pt/< Si >), all containing 7 at. % Pt relative to the Ni content. The Pt redistribution was probed using in situ real-time Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) whereas the phase sequence was monitored during the solid phase reaction (SPR) using in situ real-time x-ray diffraction. We found that the capping layer and alloy exhibit a SPR comparable to the pure Ni/< Si > system, whereas Pt added as an interlayer has a much more drastic influence on the Ni suicide phase sequence. Nevertheless, for all initial sample configurations, Pt redistributes in an erratic way. This phenomenon can be assigned to the low solubility of Pt in Ni2Si compared to NiSi and the high mobility of Pt in Ni2Si compared to pure Ni. Real-time RBS further revealed that the crucial issue determining the growth properties of each silicide phase is the Pt concentration at the Si interface during the initial stages of phase formation. The formation of areas rich in Pt reduce the Ni suicide growth kinetics which influences the phase sequence and properties of the suicides. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3455873]


The first steps following a collapse are critical. They will blaze the trail for subsequent
investigations, and they may prevent further damage or loss of life. The activities immediately following a collapse profoundly influence the success of subsequent technical investigations. So much of the evidence associated with a collapse is of a perishable nature—and some of it highly perishable—that swift action is needed to preserve as much as possible. Snow will melt, fracture surfaces will corrode, the debris will be removed, and memories will fade. The forensic engineer who is called in following a collapse plays a crucial role in determining what those first steps should be. He or she is the most qualified to recognize perishable evidence and its potential value.
the pdf paper to learn
http://www.zshare.net/download/3687176660aac5/
RACHID FROM ALGERIA


A spatiotemporal investigation of varved sediments highlights the dynamics of hypolimnetic hypoxia in a large hard-water lake over the last 150 years
Limnol. Oceanogr., 58(4), 2013, 1395-1408 | DOI: 10.4319/lo.2013.58.4.1395
ABSTRACT: The spatiotemporal distribution of biochemical varves spanning the last 150 yr was investigated using 40 cores collected over a depth gradient in a large subalpine lake—Lake Bourget—in the French Alps. Four-dimensional sedimentological, biological, and geochemical analyses show that varve preservation can be used as a reliable proxy to reconstruct annual-to-decadal oscillations of hypoxia in large lakes. The volume of hypoxic waters was calculated by integrating the volume between the lake bottom and the depth of the shallowest varve-bearing core for each year. Although Lake Bourget bottom waters have been oxic over the last 9000 yr, severe hypoxia has occurred only since 1933 ± 1. The volume of hypoxic waters showed, thereafter, a succession of pronounced fluctuations, leading to an increase of 8% of the total lake volume in the 1960s, a decline in the 1980s, and a second, ongoing increase since 1990. Whereas the initial onset of persistent hypoxic conditions could be attributed to eutrophication due to nutrient-rich inputs from sewage water and/or diffuse contamination, the later fluctuations were also driven by climatic factors, i.e., flooding, rising air temperatures, and phosphorus-independent changes in primary production. Hence, cumulative effects related to global warming seem to have driven hypolimnetic hypoxic conditions since equilibrium was initially disrupted due to a drastic shift in the trophic state.


Clare Hinrichs Associate Professor of Rural Sociology The Penn State University
Projections about development of an agricultural bioeconomy often assume farmers will readily become feedstock producers. This presentation considers farmers’ motivations and interests regarding the emerging bioeconomy in the context of current patterns of farm restructuring and rural change. It draws on recent sociological field research conducted with Iowa farmers participating in a demonstration project harvesting switchgrass for energy end uses. These farmers expressed clear optimism about potential environmental gains in producing perennial feedstocks for biofuels. They articulated skepticism about the likelihood of widespread or durable social and economic gains for their community or region through participation in the agricultural bioeconomy.


Social Security: Interpretation 1 Carl Degler "The Third American Revolution"
Historian Carl Degler argued that the New Deal was revolutionary. He believed that the New Deal represented a drastic change in how Americans viewed government and its role in the economy. Rather than expecting economic troubles to be solved by market forces (a faith in "laissez-faire economics"), Americans began to expect the government to act in times of economic trouble and intervene to help make things better.
Degler saw Social Security as a piece of this change, signaling that Americans viewed the government as responsible for ensuring that older Americans would live decent lives. This was a shift from thinking that this responsibility lay only with individuals and families. Degler also argued that Social Security demonstrated FDRís flexibility and willingness to experiment when the public demanded it. The American public was ready for a change after experiencing the severe conditions during the Great Depression, when banks were failing, industries were faltering, people were unemployed, and feelings of fear, uneasiness, and dissatisfaction were widespread. Degler argued that the New Deal constituted a permanent shift in the American publicís expectations: they now wanted the government to be an active player in the economy.
Carl N. Degler (1959). "The Third American Revolution." In
Out of Our Past: The Forces that Shaped Modern America.


English vocabulary
People can have many aptitudes, but without a large and precise English vocabulary to express themselves, they cannot take full advantage of these abilities. Unlike aptitudes, vocabulary is
not a natural ability; it can be improved if one is willing to make the effort to do so.
For anyone seeking to take full advantage of the new knowledge they have gained about their aptitudes, maximizing your vocabulary level is a significant task. The following pages can help:
Effective Ways to Build Your Vocabulary offers some advice about how you can improve your English vocabulary. Build your knowledge with some fun vocabulary resources! We have developed a vocabulary building program based on our research into vocabulary acquisition. It is described on the WORDBOOK page. A former client relates his own experience with vocabulary development and its benefits in Software Upgrade. A former employee quizzes us on vocabulary and its importance. We explain how we determined the difficulty levels of over one thousand words for our Wordbook program.