The auto finance landscape is becoming increasingly competitive, with more buyers arriving at showrooms (or used car lots) with pre-approved credit from direct lenders. Dealers find it challenging to present truly competitive offers. Those who do so by leveraging analytics to build risk-based pricing models are able to widen margins while accelerating loan origination.
Data-driven tools also help lenders streamline regulatory compliance, improve fraud detection, reduce process failure rates, enhance customer communications, and allocate capital more strategically. Specialized operating models for such analytics practices enable their cost-effective deployment—at scale.
To succeed in today’s market, auto finance providers must adapt to changing customer behavior and volatile economic conditions. Not only have consumers become more cautious, but they have access to a wider range of financing options than before as lenders from slower-growing consumer credit segments move into the market. A growing proportion of customers use the internet to scout for the best deals, including financing incentives. The competition has become progressively more intense, and with more buyers arriving at the showroom or used car lot with pre-approved credit from direct lenders, dealers are challenged to present competitive offers.
The best-performing auto finance companies meet these challenges through more intelligent business processes at every stage of the product cycle. They apply leading-edge analytics to build risk-based pricing models that widen margins while accelerating loan origination. They create more agile systems for directing account management resources toward high-risk customers. And they use smarter collections and recovery strategies that cut default rates. As a result, the most successful firms find new opportunities in a demanding marketplace while making the most of the portfolios they already have.
As the market has become less predictable, many auto finance providers are finding that traditional statistical models—based mainly on credit bureau data—are no longer adequate. With more lenders chasing every deal, risk organizations must work quickly to make intelligent acquisition decisions. They also need enhanced vigilance to manage booked portfolios in the face of increased risks from default, early closures, repossession, skips, and fraud. Moreover, they must constantly monitor key performance metrics to ensure that investments in improved processes pay off. Increasingly, they are turning to advanced analytics to meet all these needs. While advanced analytics offer considerable promise for more efficient auto finance operations, off-the-shelf solutions cannot meet the unique needs of individual businesses. Modeling techniques and data sources must be customized for each application.
Aligning pricing with risk—fast and at scale
In today’s aggressively competitive environment, lenders need to rapidly generate accurate risk-based quotations to engage qualified customers while ensuring that margins for other loans offset the greater risk. The first step in optimizing underwriting performance is to stratify the entire portfolio into risk bands for differential pricing. Simulation tools can take this a step further by generating alternative pricing scenarios for each tier while projecting each scenario’s impact on key performance metrics as well as broader business objectives. By integrating this approach into its overall strategy, a US-based bank widened its spread by 6% while improving Return On Equity (ROE) by 35%.
Tapping into additional data for risk management
Credit bureau data is most effective in credit decision models, and while it is also useful in post-purchase account management, other types of data can enhance lenders’ ability to predict customer behavior. Accurate differentiation between customers experiencing transient liquidity issues and customers on the road to default enables greater efficiency in resource allocation while fostering productive relationships with good clients. Effective deployment of these analytical techniques can yield remarkable results: a global auto finance organization reduced annual losses by close to US$1 million and increased forward rollover accounts by 4% by integrating current and historical employment data into its predictive models.
Enhancing risk mitigation by predictive score-based strategies
Advanced predictive modeling transcends traditional Probability of Default (PD) and Loss Given Default (LGD) models, enabling more precise targeting of strategic actions through the auto finance life cycle. The predictive modeling concept can be used to identify high-risk customers, select a welcome call strategy to optimize collections, and implement a data-based extension–renewals– reposition decision to maximize recovery by implementing smart strategies. Sophisticated models can provide customized, evidence-based profiles of bad debt by portfolio segment, allowing more accurate identification of accounts with a high propensity to default following an extension. For example, an auto finance major implemented customized models to enhance its identification and targeting abilities, with incremental improvements ranging from 7% to 10% for various segments— culminating in savings of nearly $7 million for the fiscal year. In another case, an auto finance company refined its depreciation in its collateral model for charge-off to reflect current auction prices, realizing a substantial business impact.
Actionable insights for senior management
The cases described in this analysis demonstrate how business process owners are using increasingly sophisticated, data-driven tools to enhance the performance of their lending functions. Other improvements driven by advanced analytics include streamlined regulatory compliance, improved fraud detection, reduced process failure rates, better customer communications, and more efficient capital allocation strategies. These techniques also support the more effective execution of broader corporate strategies through the delivery of actionable insights to senior decision-makers. For example, an integrated framework would ideally include:
Continuous monitoring of key performance metrics Scorecards or dashboards to provide senior management with visibility into operations A model governance framework to ensure the alignment and ongoing re-calibration of data-driven processes across the business
There is no one-size-fits-all solution for prosperity in the current auto lending market. But rigorous reassessment of existing processes and systems to identify weaknesses and to guide reengineering to align with industry best practices is a good start. Advanced analytics provide powerful tools for turning objectives into actions and achieving true business impact. At the same time, to achieve these results cost-effectively, it is important to adopt the right operating models for such processes, often by leveraging shared and scalable analytics resources that are located globally. These strategies will play a growing role in determining tomorrow’s industry leaders.
As a pioneer in the analytics industry, Genpact has a deep understanding of how data management tools can help businesses meet the specialized challenges of the current risk landscape. The article above provides some practical examples drawn from Genpact clients in the auto finance industry.
For more information, contact, analytics.marketing@genpact.com and visit, genpact.com/what-we-do/capabilities/analytics/financial-services-analytics


Abstract
Magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography (M/EEG) measure the weak electromagnetic signals originating from neural currents in the brain. Using these signals to characterize and locate brain activity is a challenging task, as evidenced by several decades of methodological contributions. MNE, whose name stems from its capability to compute cortically-constrained minimum-norm current estimates from M/EEG data, is a software package that provides comprehensive analysis tools and workflows including preprocessing, source estimation, time-frequency analysis, statistical analysis, and several methods to estimate functional connectivity between distributed brain regions. The present paper gives detailed information about the MNE package and describes typical use cases while also warning about potential caveats in analysis. The MNE package is a collaborative effort of multiple institutes striving to implement and share best methods and to facilitate distribution of analysis pipelines to advance reproducibility of research. Full documentation is available at http://martinos.org/mne.


The ninth edition of Supervision: A Redefinition is a research-based guide to the practice of supervision that aims to clarify the major challenges teachers and supervisors face within the policy context; focus on essential, foundational understandings that feed the integrity of teaching and supervision; and explore the complexities of the practice of supervision and teaching which supervisors must deal with. The 9th edition re-defines supervision once again in light of the complex demands being placed on principals and central office administrators, while continuing to emphasize the book’s original theme of human perspectives.
Robert J. Starratt is Professor and Program Director in Educational Administration at the School of Education of Boston College. He received his Masters degree in Philosophy from Boston College, his Masters degree in Education from Harvard University, and his Doctor of Education degree from the University of Illinois, specializing in administration and curriculum theory. He has written extensively about educational leadership and the process of change. His recent books include: The Drama of Schooling/The Schooling of Drama, The Drama of Leadership, Building an Ethical School, and Transforming Educational Administration.


- candidate number 2115 - NTR Number NTR697 - ISRCTN ISRCTN67665340 - Date ISRCTN created 21-jul-2006 - date ISRCTN requested 19-jul-2006 - Date Registered NTR 7-jun-2006 - Secondary IDs N/A - Public Title Closed Reduction vs ORIF vs Non-Operative Study of intra-articular calcaneal fractures. - Scientific Title Closed Reduction vs ORIF vs Non-Operative Study of intra-articular calcaneal fractures; a multicenter randomised controled trial. - ACRONYM CRONOS - hypothesis Percutaneous, ORIF and conservative treated of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures have a similar outcome as measured with the AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) score. - Healt Condition(s) or Problem(s) studied Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures - Inclusion criteria 1. All patients, with a displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture;
2. Between 18 and 70 years old;
3. Compos mentis;
4. Living in the Netherlands;
5. Giving informed consent. - Exclusion criteria 1. A fracture older than 14 days;
2. Grade III open fractures (Gustilo);
3. Patients with chronic substance abuse;
4. Homeless;
5. Non-ambulant patients;
6. ASA IV-V;
7. Partcipation in an other study. - mec approval received yes - multicenter trial yes - randomised yes - masking/blinding None - control Active - group Parallel - Type [default] - Studytype intervention - planned startdate 1-jul-2006 - planned closingdate 1-jul-2013 - Target number of participants 150 - Interventions This study will randomise between: 1. the percutaneous, distraction, technique according to Forgon and Zadravecz, 2. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation via a lateral approach, and 3. conservative treatment. - Primary outcome The primary outcome measure is the AOFAS score. - Secondary outcome Secondary outcome measures are the number of complications (infectious, osseous and osteosynthetic), returning to work, patient satisfaction (VAS) and quality of life (SF36) and the need for a secondary arthrodesis. - Timepoints - Trial web site http://www.calcaneus.nl - status stopped - CONTACT FOR PUBLIC QUERIES MD. T. Schepers - CONTACT for SCIENTIFIC QUERIES MD. T. Schepers - Sponsor/Initiator Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Medical Ethical Committee (METC) - Funding
(Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support) Association Internationale pour L'Ostéosynthèse Dynamique (A.I.O.D.) - Publications 1. AO-Publishing: Intraarticular calcaneal fractures; operative management. Orthop trauma dir, 2(1): 9-16, 2004.
2. Bridgman, S. A.; Dunn, K. M.; McBride, D. J.; and Richards, P. J.: Interventions for treating calcaneal fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (2): CD001161, 2000.
3. Randle, J. A.; Kreder, H. J.; Stephen, D.; Williams, J.; Jaglal, S.; and Hu, R.: Should calcaneal fractures be treated surgically? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop, (377): 217-27, 2000. - Brief summary Calcaneal fractures are a disabling injury and optimal treatment has yet to be determined. Three meta-analyses1-3 on four RCT’s, one prospective cohort study and three retrospective studies showed a trend towards overall improved outcome in patients treated with Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF), but most studies were clearly powered for specific outcomes and used non-comparable outcome scores.
The outcome after percutaneous treatment has not been studied in a randomised trial.
Considering the above there is a need for a level-2 study comparing the different treatment modalities of ORIF, percutaneous treatment and conservative treatment, which is adequately powered to the most cited disease-specific outcome score: the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hindfoot Score (AOFAS).
This study aims to demonstrate a clinically significant difference of 20 points using the most cited and clinically relevant American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score (total 100 points) after 2 and 5 years.
ORIF, percutaneous reduction and fixation and conservatively treated patients will be compared in an adequately powered, multicenter randomized controlled trial with 3 treatment arms. Clinical outcome will be measured using the AOFAS score, standard physical exam and radiographic criteria after 2 and 5 years. - Main changes (audit trail) - RECORD 7-jun-2006 - 15-jan-2012


Emphasizing the connection between language and literacy, the fourth edition of
Teaching Students with Language and Communication Disabilities explores language development and language disorders within the context of specific disabilities.
Organized in a three-part format, the text examines language development and disorders in school-age children, analyzes language difficulties associated with specific disabilities, and presents assessment techniques and instructional strategies used in today's classrooms. This edition includes new student vignettes, new teacher perspectives, updated activities, and new literacy sections so educators learn how to apply concepts to real classroom situations.


Fuzzy Math
Those who were in America when George W. Bush described Al Gore's economic figures as "fuzzy math," will remember how whilst he kept repeating the phrase, he never once discussed Gore's economic reasoning; a rather disconcerting situation, especially when framed in the context of his claim that as President, he would be a leader of educational reform.
William Thurston a professor of mathematics at the University of California subsequently quipped:
“I gradually came to understand that by “fuzzy math,” Mr. Bush meant, “Math is confusing and fuzzy, so ignore it.” These days we sometimes see “fuzzy data.” Data represented by stories and anecdotes because they are much easier to understand. It’s a form of ’cooking the books’ to overstate incomplete or overly reductionist data, a topic we already touched upon in our February 7 th blog: The Data-ing Game “‘…Keeping it simple stupid,’ reduces the dimensionality, it focuses on the noise, rather than on the signals, which could also encourage people to dangerously shoe-horn rules into data, to support the outcome they want to see.” However, the term ‘fuzzy data’ does actually exist and it relates to soft computing. This differs from conventional (hard) computing in that it is tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty and approximation. “Fuzzy Sets play a significant role in Data Mining. It is widely recognized that many real world relations are intrinsically fuzzy. Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic are also considered as a need to represent the inherent non random uncertainty which lies in most part of information and decision processes,” explains Miguel Delgado, of the Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing. Analysing data involves complex and specialist skills, and also comes with implicit responsibility. Research integrity is key in how raw data is chosen, evaluated and interpreted into meaningful and significant conclusions that other researchers and the public can understand and use. So our advice when confronted with a trade-off between “noise” rather than signals? You do the math.


Refugees International condemns South Sudan’s announcement on January 11 that it will reject a regional protection force mandated by the United Nations Security Council. The South Sudanese government has shown itself both unwilling to and incapable of protecting its citizens, necessitating a robust response by the international community.
As snow and freezing temperatures impact refugees, asylum-seekers, and migrants currently living in make-shift shelters in Greece, Refugees International urges the Greek government and the European Union to immediately provide adequate warm accommodations for those enduring harsh winter conditions in Greece’s refugee camps.
Refugees International is calling for immediate, full, and unfettered access for humanitarian assistance and for an independent international investigation into severe human rights abuses in northern Rakhine State in Myanmar. The international community must continue to engage the Government of Myanmar and push for the protection of the most vulnerable people in Rakhine State, including both Rohingya Muslims and Rakhine Buddhists....
As Syrian and Russian forces continue their brutal assault on Aleppo, thousands of people remain trapped in the city – innocent men, women, and children who face death with each passing hour. This human tragedy shocks and horrifies us all.
As the country comes together and moves forward following the election of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States, Refugees International reaffirms its commitment to work on behalf of the world’s 65 million refugees and displaced people.
Refugees International is deeply saddened to learn of the death of Wilmar Córdoba, son of Marino Córdoba, the president of the National Association of Displaced Afro-Colombians (AFRODES). Wilmar was assassinated yesterday, October 24, 2016, following months of threats against AFRODES and its dedicated leaders and staff.
The undersigned organizations urge all member states, when deciding which Eastern European candidate to support, to question seriously whether Russia’s role in Syria – which includes supporting and undertaking military actions which have routinely targeted civilians and civilian objects – renders it fit to serve on the UN’s premier inter-governmental human rights institution.
We write to you in advance of the Security Council Open Debate on Women, Peace and Security (WPS) urging you to provide details on the progress your country has made on meeting its political, financial and institutional commitments made at last year’s High Level Review of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000)
Refugees International (RI) is deeply concerned about the deaths reported in recent attacks on border guard stations and in subsequent security searches in Maungdaw district in western Myanmar’s Rakhine State.


To wit: Does a political officeholder have an obligation to work for policies supported by a large majority of her/his political party?
Related questions: How substantial does the majority have to be? And what if the officeholder opposes said policy?
From the general to the specific: This week, VTDigger published the results of a statewide survey on gun issues. It found 57% of respondents agree with requiring permits for carrying a concealed weapon. 39% were opposed, and 4% did not answer.
A pretty significant majority, and kind of a surprise in a state where gun control is believed to be political poison.
But, for purposes of my question, the more pertinent result is that 80% of Democrats are in favor of concealed-carry permits.
That’s quite a lot. And this poll, conducted by the Castleton Polling Institute, appears to meet current standards for professional quality: a statistically significant 682 interviews were conducted by phone, with a margin of error at the usual 4% plus or minus. Also, 13% of them involved voters who use cellphones, which would seem to minimize the potential bias in a landline-only survey.
I think it’s fair to say that the 80% figure puts my philosophical question directly before our top political leaders, who generally oppose any gun control measures. I don’t attempt to answer the question, but I believe it must be asked.


The U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development reported that single-family construction activity picked up in April compared to March, though the overall rate slumped to the lowest level on record due to a major slowdown in apartment construction.
The seasonally adjusted annual rate of housing starts fell 12.8 percent in April, to 458,000 units -- this rate is a projection of a monthly total over a 12-month period, adjusted to account for typical seasonal variation in construction activity.


DEFINITION of 'Dividend Adjusted Return'
When a stock's return is calculated using not only the stock's capital appreciation, but also all dividends paid to shareholders. This adjustment provides investors with a more accurate evaluation of the return received over a specified holding period.
BREAKING DOWN 'Dividend Adjusted Return'
This is a very useful return evaluation method because it provides a more accurate reflection of an investor's return. Be aware of the tax implications of the dividends received - these dividends will most likely be classified as taxable income for the investor.


Grow your knitting as you grow your dreams!
Setting goals and recognizing the patterns we want to shift in our lives can be easier said than done, and it’s not for lack of intelligence, will power, or good intentions. Our success is based upon our ability to integrate these changes into our daily lives. Knitting is a grounding, physical practice which engages body, mind and spirit and serves as the perfect tool for anchoring our transformations.
KNIT to CREATE is a life coaching-based program that incorporates knitting, visioning, and goal-setting exercises as the foundation to achieving your goals. Choose a specific goal you want to accomplish by the end of the course, and we’ll help you design a tailor-made program and a tailor-made project to guide you through every step of your journey from creation to realization.
The process of knitting serves as a meditation to help keep you focused on this journey and the knitted work itself becomes a metaphor for this process. Each phase of your project development represents a tangible new milestone in the achievement of your target goal.
KNIT to CREATE programs are offered as private, semi-private and group sessions.


In a perceptive and arresting analysis, Robin Cohen introduces his distinctive approach to the study of the world's diasporas. This book investigates the changing meanings of the concept and the contemporary diasporic condition, including case studies of Jewish, Armenian, African, Chinese, British, Indian, Lebanese and Caribbean people. The first edition of this book had a major impact on diaspora studies and was the foundational text in an emerging research and teaching field. This second edition extends and clarifies Robin Cohen's argument, addresses some critiques and outlines new perspectives for the study of diasporas. It has also been made more student-friendly with illustrations, guided readings and suggested essay questions.


Rail Service providers Rail Service providers
Whether moving people, packages or freight by rail, Service Providers face major challenges that inhibit efficient and effective business operation. As market dynamics constantly change and operating costs fluctuate wildly, an organization’s ability to transform into a “best run business” – one that operates efficiently and adapts rapidly – is crucial to long-term success.


Late in life, William F. Buckley made a confession to Corey Robin. Capitalism is boring, said the founding father of the American right. Devoting your life to it, as conservatives do, is horrifying if only because its so repetitious. Its like sex. With this unlikely conversation began Robins decade-long foray into the conservative mind. What is conservatism, and whats truly at stake for its proponents? If capitalism bores them, what excites them? Tracing conservatism back to its roots in the reaction against the French Revolution, Robin argues that the right is fundamentally inspired by a hostility to emancipating the lower orders. Some conservatives endorse the free market, others oppose it. Some criticize the state, others celebrate it. Underlying these differences is the impulse to defend power and privilege against movements demanding freedom and equality. Despite their opposition to these movements, conservatives favor a dynamic conception of politics and society--one that involves self-transformation, violence, and war. They are also highly adaptive to new challenges and circumstances. This partiality to violence and capacity for reinvention has been critical to their success. Written by a keen, highly regarded observer of the contemporary political scene, The Reactionary Mind ranges widely, from Edmund Burke to Antonin Scalia, from John C. Calhoun to Ayn Rand. It advances the notion that all rightwing ideologies, from the eighteenth century through today, are historical improvisations on a theme: the felt experience of having power, seeing it threatened, and trying to win it back.
ISBN: 9780199911882 Publication Date: 01 / 09 / 2011


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From Diet MRP® to Instant Mass® PRO, our protein shakes contain a balanced level of calories, protein, carbohydrates and nutrients that ensure you are consuming the right amount of nutrients your body needs to achieve your fitness goals.


Pain is a multidimensional experience that involves sensory, cognitive and affective mechanisms. The constellation of interactions between these factors makes the treatment of clinical pain challenging and often a financial burden. Mindfulness meditation has been found to significantly improve pain symptoms in experimental and clinical settings, but lack of mechanistic data has limited clinical deployment of this cost- effective and narcotic-free treatment. Recent findings from our laboratory determined that meditation, after only four days (20 minutes/day) of training, reduced pain intensity by 40% and pain unpleasantness ratings by 57%. Employing an emerging MRI technique (arterial spin labeling), we found that meditation-related pain relief was associated reduced pain-related brain activity in the primary somatosensory cortex and increased activity in brain regions such as the anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex. These latter regions are involved in cognitive control, emotion regulation, and executive processing. These findings demonstrate that meditation engages multiple brain mechanisms during pain relief. However, the contribution of other cognitive factors such as expectations, facilitator attention, anxiety reduction, and conditioning /extinction processes remains poorly understood. Such factors are critically involved in the placebo effect. Accordingly, the proposed study seeks to determine if meditation-related pain relief engages brain mechanisms that are distinct from those of placebo analgesia. Functional imaging methodologies will be employed to assess brain activation during mediation-induced pain relief and during conditioned placebo analgesia. The proposed investigation will provide significant insights into the neural substrates involved in the modulatin of pain by cognitive factors.
Pain is a highly individual experience that produces incalculable suffering and produces a significant economic burden on millions of Americans. The proposed project will investigate the brain mechanisms that support meditation-related pain relief to provide a foundation for the development of better treatments for clinical pain.
Zeidan, Fadel; Coghill, Robert C (2013) Functional connections between self-referential thought and chronic pain: a dysfunctional relationship. Pain 154:3-4


IHI was officially founded in 1991, but our work began in the late 1980s as part of the National Demonstration Project on Quality Improvement in Health Care, led by Dr. Don Berwick and a group of visionary individuals committed to redesigning health care into a system without errors, waste, delay, and unsustainable costs. Since then, we’ve grown from an initial collection of grant-supported programs to a self-sustaining organization with worldwide influence.
In our first decade, we focused on the identification and subsequent spread of best practices. This work reduced defects and errors in microsystems such as the emergency department or the intensive care unit.
In our second decade, we established a defining focus on innovation, R&D, and the bold creation of new solutions to old problems. We reinvented multidimensional systems of care and began transforming entire systems. This work manifested in the renowned 100,000 Lives Campaign and 5 Million Lives Campaign, spreading best practice changes to thousands of US hospitals and creating a vibrant worldwide improvement community.
As we entered our third decade, we recognized a new need for health care as a complete social, geopolitical enterprise. To accelerate the path to the health and care we need, IHI created the Triple Aim, a framework for optimizing health system performance by simultaneously focusing on the health of a population, the experience of care for individuals within that population, and the per capita cost of providing that care.
Today, IHI is an influential force in health and health care improvement in the US and has a rapidly growing footprint in dozens of other nations, including Canada, England, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Singapore, Latin America, New Zealand, Ghana, Malawi, South Africa, the Middle East, and elsewhere.
Download a Timeline of IHI’s phases and milestones:


Tick
Ticks are some of the most prolific vampires on Earth, capable of drinking up to 600 times their body weight in blood thanks to a stretchable outer shell (pictured at left). They prefer warm, wooded areas near water, and while they rely on a range of tactics to find food — some wait in tall grass, while others hunt for hosts — they all use similarly vicious teeth, claws and feeding tubes to dig in once they find it.
A tick bite won't turn you into a vampire, but it can spread illnesses like Lyme disease, so act quickly if you're bitten — and even after removing the tick with tweezers (pictured at right) and killing it, you may want to keep it for a few days as evidence in case you get sick.
(Illustration: CDC)
For more about how ticks transmit Lyme disease, see the video below:


An experimental study is reported of the retrieval by mock eyewitnesses of a scripted video crime event, comparing free recall against Change Temporal Order (CTO) recall, in which event retrieval is prompted in reverse order. Contrary to proponents of the technique who suggest that CTO allows greater discovery of script incidental information and increases the amount of information recalled, CTO was found to impair retrieval, leading to fewer script consistent events, reduced recall of correct information,increased confabulations, and lowered accuracy proportional to items retrieved. The disruptive effects of CTO are interpreted as providing further evidence for the role of temporal clustering highlighted in the CMR model of memory. Impairment induced by the CTO technique continued to influence retrieval negatively even during a secondary free recall phase. We suggest that CTO prevents the blocking of confabulations, and that these confabulations may subsequently contribute to forgetting by population dilution


Our world is changing. It is complex, hyperconnected, and increasingly driven by insights derived from big data.1 And the rate of change shows no sign of slowing. Nor does the volume of data show any sign of shrinking. But, the economic and social value of big data does not come just from its quantity. It also comes from its quality – the ways in which individual bits of data can be interconnected to reveal new insights with the potential to transform business and society. Fully tapping that potential holds much promise, and much risk. By themselves, technology and data are neutral. It is their use that can both generate great value and create significant harm, sometimes simultaneously. This requires a rethink of traditional approaches to data governance, particularly a shift from focusing away from trying to control the data itself to focusing on the uses of data. It is up to the individuals and institutions of various societies to govern and decide how to unlock the value – both economic and social – and ensure suitable protections.


[June 18, 2014]
Research and Markets: PharmaPoint: Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus Vaccines - Global Drug Forecast and Market Analysis to 2022
DUBLIN --(Business Wire)--
Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/j47qgw/pharmapoint)
has announced the addition of the "PharmaPoint:
Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus Vaccines - Global Drug Forecast and
Market Analysis to 2022" report to their offering.
The global prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine market value
is forecast to experience moderate growth over the coming years,
climbing from $1.7 billion in 2012 to $2.2 billion by 2022, at a
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2.6%, says a new report from
research and consulting firm The authors.
Out of the nine major markets (9MM: the US, Canada, France, Germany,
Italy, Spain, the UK, Japan and Australia), HPV vaccine sales in Canada
and Australia are expected to grow at the largest CAGRs of over 9%
during the forecast period. This will be driven by the launch of Merck's
V503 vaccine and the inclusion of males in routine HPV vaccine
recommendations.
Claire Herman, says: Recognizing both the role of HPV in other
non-cervical cancers and the benefits of herd immunity has led to a
greater emphasis on vaccinating both males and femaes. A shift away
from a sole focus on cervical cancer in females appears to have
benefited Merck, as its Gardasil vaccine provides protection against two
additional HPV types, which are responsible for genital warts in males
and females.
However, the global market for prophylactic HPV vaccines is marked by
substantial obstacles to growth, namely low coverage rates and fears
over vaccine safety. Additionally, a major clinical unmet need regarding
current HPV vaccines is the limited number of HPV types against which
they protect.
The authors believes that Merck's upcoming nine-valent pipeline vaccine
V503 is well placed to capitalize on this need, with sales forecast to
reach $1.5 billion in the US alone by 2022, representing a massive 95%
market share.
Key opinion leaders from across the 9MM expect V503 to be widely used,
essentially displacing Merck's own Gardasil. However, it was noted that
an inflated price, relative to current HPV vaccines, could present a
barrier to uptake. Other non-clinical factors that will affect the
vaccine's adoption include low awareness of HPV vaccination and the
stigma surrounding the vaccination of adolescents against a
sexually-transmitted virus, Herman concludes.
Key Topics Covered:
1 Tables & Figures
2 Introduction
3 Disease Overview
4 Vaccination Recommendations and Coverage Rates
5 Competitive Assessment
6 Unmet Need and Opportunity
Protection against Multiple HPV Types
Vaccine Coverage Rates
Perception of Vaccine Safety
Awareness of HPV Vaccination
Affordability of HPV Vaccines
Coverage of HPV Types Prevalent in Certain Populations
Vaccine Compliance Rates
Lifelong Protection from HPV Infection Not Established
Ongoing Need for Cervical Cancer Screening
7 Pipeline Assessment
Clinical Trial Mapping
Promising Vaccines in Clinical Development
Innovative HPV Vaccines in Early Development
8 Current and Future Players
9 Market Outlook
10 Appendix
For more information visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/j47qgw/pharmapoint
[ Back To TMCnet.com's Homepage ]


Starting with coverage period January 1, 2011, if employees add family members to their medical coverage, they will need to provide documents that prove their eligibility. These documents must be submitted within PEBB’s enrollment timelines or
This includes family members who did not complete the dependent verification process this past year and were later disenrolled. PEBB will not enroll them. Along with the completed Employee Enrollment Change Form, the employee must submit documents to verify their dependents (WAC-182-12-260) The Employee Enrollment Change Formand documents for verification must be forwarded to Human Resource Services in Pullman, campus zip 1014. The list of documents for dependent verification is as follows:
Valid Dependent Verification Documents Dependent Documents
Spouse
WA state-registered domestic partner
Children, up to age 26 (
Employees must return the Employee Enrollment Change Form within the following deadlines:
When first eligible for benefits: No later than 31 days after one becomes eligible for PEBB benefits under WAC 182-12-114. During annual open enrollment: No later than the last day of the annual open enrollment period (November 30, 2010). During a special open enrollment:No later than 60 days after the event occurs. PEBB will review dependent verification documents and notify the employee if their dependent(s) have been approved for coverage or if they have questions about the documents, they will contact the employee in writing. If eligibility has not been verified within the deadlines noted above, the dependent(s) will be deniedenrollment in PEBB insurance. Department personnel with hiring responsibilities should take note of these new requirements. Consider adding this topic to your new hire orientation check list. Consider including this topic as part of the offer letter so successful candidates are aware of this requirement and they will be in a position to meet the 31 day deadline. Payroll Services is responsible for reconciling coverage between PEBB and employees including collecting premiums. Delays in submitting the applicable dependent verification documentation will result in a delay in premium collection, causing an impact to employee’s future pay when the retroactive premiums are collected. Human Resource Services is responsible for determining benefit eligibility, providing new employee benefit information to employees, and ensuring accuracy of the enrollment paperwork. These procedures apply to all benefit eligible employees including hourly.
Contact HRS Benefits, 335-4521, about enrollment and eligibility issues.
Contact Payroll Services, 335-9575, if you have questions about the material on this web page.


Abstract
During stress, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is changed in a global fashion, leading to an increase in cardiovascular function and a release of adrenal catecholamines. This response is thought to be regulated by a common set of brain neurons that provide a dual input to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons regulating cardiac and adrenal medullary functions. By using a double-virus transneuronal labeling technique, the existence of such a set of central autonomic neurons in the hypothalamus and brainstem was demonstrated. These neurons innervate both of the sympathetic outflow systems and likely function in circumstances where parallel sympathetic processing occurs, such as in the fight-or-flight response.


To ensure a smooth encounter with Spanish customs and border patrol officials, U.S. travelers should bring the proper travel documentation. At a minimum, all U.S. visitors to Spain must hold a valid U.S. passport. This includes U.S. travelers entering Spain via another European Union state, such as Portugal or France. Train and airline officials are required to check passports on trips that cross national borders. Depending on the nature and duration of your visit to Spain, you may need a visa as well.
U.S. Passport
A valid U.S. passport is always required for international travel to and from the United States. If the passport expires before you return to the United States, you will find it difficult to re-enter the country. Spain is one of the 24 European nations party to the Schengen agreement, which mandates that the passports of all U.S. visitors be valid for at least three months beyond their period of stay in Spain. Under the Schengen agreement, U.S. citizens traveling to Spain for business or tourist purposes may remain in the country for up to 90 days without a visa.
When a Visa is Needed
According to the U.S. Department of State, U.S. citizens visiting Spain for longer than 90 days need to apply for a visa. Travelers planning to study at a university or work during their stay in the Spain also must apply for a visa, even if the visit is shorter than 90 days.
Traveling with Children
Customs and border patrol officials across the globe have launched efforts to curb international child abduction. If you are traveling abroad with children who are not your own, the U.S. Department of State recommends bringing along proof of permission for the child to travel. Obtain a notarized letter of permission from the child’s parent(s) or legal guardian, which includes the names of the parent(s) and their home addresses and telephone numbers.
Biographical and Travel Information
While on board the plane or ship, you may be asked to fill out a form detailing your biographical and travel information. The biographical information you must provide is located in your passport (date of birth, passport number, expiration date). You must also list your home address and the address of the hotel or house where you will be staying in Spain. If you have not yet booked accommodations, simply list the city you plan to visit. The more specific you can be the better. For example, if you don't know where you will be boarding in Barcelona, but think it will be in the Gràcia area, list Gràcia on the form. You will also need to answer questions pertaining to your method of travel (flight number or cruise line).


The drug is available in more than 60 countries worldwide
Related Articles
Sandoz, a Novartis company, has announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has approved Zarxio (filgrastim-sndz) for all indications included in the reference product's label. Sandoz is the first company to receive approval of a biosimilar in the US through the new FDA biosimilars pathway established under the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act.
The approval was based on a comprehensive package of analytical, nonclinical, and clinical data, which confirmed that Zarxio is highly similar to the US-licensed reference product. The approval of Zarxio follows the unanimous positive vote in January by the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC).
"The FDA approval of Zarxio marks a significant milestone for the United States healthcare system and for patients who might suffer from neutropenia," said Ms Carol Lynch, global head of biopharmaceuticals and oncology injectables at Sandoz. She added, "As the global leader in biosimilars, we are honored to be the first company to successfully work with FDA to navigate the US biosimilar pathway and we look forward to making this high-quality biosimilar available to patients in the US."
Marketed as Zarzio outside of the US, the Sandoz biosimilar filgrastim is available in more than 60 countries worldwide, has generated over 7.5 million patient-days of exposure.
Editor's pick
Survey Box


I had typhoid last month. I find that my sexual desire has reduced since then. Why? The sexual desire/passion in an individual fluctuates from time to time. Most couples go through a low phase of sexual desire. Usually after a major sickness, the body takes few days to gain the vigour completely. You can wait for a few days. If your sexual desire doesn’t return to the pre-infection level, talk to your doctor. If your partner agrees, you can even try with mutual masturbation. Who is a virgin? Female, who has not had sexual intercourse till date. In females who have not had sexual intercourse, a thin fold of skin, medically known as the hymen, covers the vaginal opening. A gynecologist, after a thorough examination, can diagnose the intact hymen. The hymen may be ruptured even without a sexual encounter as in cases of heavy exercises, use of tampons or masturbation. I feel I look like a girl. I am 30 but have no facial hair. Is this a male hormonal problem? You need to discuss the problem with your family doctor. He may refer you to an endocrinologist. Male sex hormone is known as testosterone. Low levels may be due to various reasons. Some males may be suffering from atrophy, tumors and infections of the testes. Pituitary gland dysfunction is another cause.


While restaurateurs are widely recognized for their ability to feed and care for guests who come to them for a pleasant dining experience, they are quite not as well known for reaching out to provide aid for those individuals who are less fortunate.
Yet, the foodservice industry has long provided support for those in need — despite the fact that the breadth and depth of that support has not always been acknowledged. "We are one of the most charitable industries in the count


The World Coal Association (WCA) published a flagship report “The Case for Coal: India’s Energy Trilemma”. The report focuses on the challenges of meeting India’s growing energy needs, future energy demand, CO2 abatement costs and the role that can be played by high efficiency, low emission (HELE) coal technologies.Significant findings include:
The Indian government’s policies to meet the growing need for electricity are focused on developing large-scale coal-fired power plants.
India’s technology choice to meet future energy requirements has significant implications on CO2 emissions.
A $1 Billion expenditure in ultra-supercritical coal in India could abate more CO2 than the same expenditure in European renewables.
Coal is expected to remain the most cost-effective way to abate CO2 in India, accounting for declines in the capital cost of renewables and increased gas availability.


XEL Communications, Inc.located in the outskirts of Denver, Colorado designed and manufactured various telecommunications products for a number of companiesprimarily large U.S. telephone operating companies. Originally, it was a division within GTE headed by Bill Sanko, it was about to be closed when Sanko and a few others bought the loss making division from GTE and made it into a profit making organization. Its revenues increased from $16.8 million in 1992 to $23.6 million in 1993 and $52.3 million in 1994over a threefold increase in three years. By the year 1996, XEL communications, Inc. employed approximately 300 people. The case examines several key aspects of XEL's operation: determining the appropriate product/market mix, financing growth, developing a quality-oriented culture, self-managing worker teams, and maintaining innovation. XEL is now faced with three options owing to its rapid growth. They could continue to remain privately held, they could go public or they could take a strategic partner. XEL decided to go for the third option after listening to the advice of a consultant. They finally decide on Gilbert Associates as their partner.
Organizational Effectiveness
Organizational effectiveness has been defined as the ability of an organization to fulfill its mission through sound management, strong governance and a persistent rededication to achieving results. Effective nonprofits are mission-driven, adaptable, customer-focused, entrepreneurial, outcomes-oriented and sustainable. It also relates to the capacity of an organization to sustain the people, strategies, learning, infrastructure and resources it needs to continue to achieve its mission. It is a long-term outcome. In the case of XEL communications, Inc., its mission and vision statement has been passed on to the employees in a cascade manner and every single employee was made aware of these statements and they regularly...


This book provides a concise, accessible, and up-to-date introduction to psychological research for musicians - performers, music educators, and studio teachers. Designed to address the needs and priorities of the performing musician rather than the research community, it reviews the relevant psychological research findings in relation to situations and issues faced by musicians, and draws out practical implications for the practice of teaching and performance. Rather than a list of do's and don't's, this book equips musicians with an understanding of the basic psychological principles that underlie music performcance, enabling each reader to apply the content flexibly to the task at hand. Following a brief review of the scientific method as a way of thinking about the issues and problems in music, this text addresses the nature-nurture problem, identification and assessment of musical aptitude, musical development, adult skill maintenance, technical and expressive skills, practice, interpretation and expressivity, sight-reading, memorization, creativity, and composition, performance anxiety, critical listening, and teaching and learning. While there is a large body of empirical research regarding music, most musicians lack the scientific training to interpret these studies. This text bridges this gap by relating these skills to the musician's experiences, addressing their needs directly with non-technical language and practical application. The book includes multiple illustrations, brief music examples, cases, questions, and suggestions for further reading.


This fully-updated fifth edition includes real-life examples of current events such as the Japanese tsunami, the Gulf oil disaster, and Hurricane Irene, along with lessons learned from these events. The coverage also includes new chapters on public health campaigns, and on the use and effectiveness of social media such as blogging, video, and image sharing for risk communication purposes. Combing sound, scientific research with practical advice in an accessible format, this book is a must-read for practitioners, engineers, scientists, and public health agencies.


Abstract
Abstract The cortex constituting Broca's area does not exist in isolation. Rather, like other cortical regions, Broca's area is connected to other brain structures, which likely play closely related functional roles. This paper focuses on the basal ganglia, a set of subcortical structures that project through topographically organized “channels” via the thalamus to different frontal regions. It is hypothesized that the basal ganglia project to Broca's area. This circuitry is further posited to encompass at least two channels. One channel can be characterized as subserving procedural memory, while the other underlies the retrieval of knowledge from declarative memory. These hypotheses are supported by both anatomical and functional evidence. Implications and issues for further investigation are discussed.


OBJECTIVE:
Anticipated affect may influence exercise behavior via experienced affective responses and intentions. Cognitive manipulations of anticipated affect may inform exercise intervention design. The purpose of this study was to experimentally test the effects of an expectation-based manipulation of affective responses to exercise on anticipated, experienced, and remembered affect and adherence to a 7-day exercise prescription.
METHOD:
Participants (N = 98) were randomly assigned to a positive anticipated affect manipulation, a negative anticipated affect manipulation, or a no affect manipulation control. They reported anticipated, experienced, and remembered affect during and after a standardized 30-min bout of treadmill exercise at an intensity just below ventilatory threshold. Participants were asked to try to complete the prescribed exercise daily for 1 week. Differences in affect and exercise behavior were examined across conditions, as were relationships between affect measures, intentions and behavior.
RESULTS:
The manipulation influenced anticipated and experienced affective responses, but not behavior. Participants generally expected exercise to be less pleasant and more fatiguing that it actually was. Anticipated, experienced, and remembered affect were associated with intentions to exercise. Intentions and remembered affect were both directly associated with exercise behavior.
CONCLUSIONS:
Moderate-to-vigorous exercise can be more pleasant than people expect it to be. Additionally, encouraging exercisers to focus on the positive affective outcomes of exercise can yield a more positive affective experience than those who focus on negative affective outcomes or do not focus on affective outcomes at all. The role of affect in both reflective and automatic motivation to exercise is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
(c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).


Fifteen years ago, Puget Sound salmon were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Despite the billions of dollars spent on recovery since, the results remain mixed. Some runs are seeing record returns while others are facing one of their worst years ever.
To learn more about the challenges of salmon recovery, this series follows one chinook run from the open ocean to Puget Sound, through the Ballard Locks, past Renton and finally home to native spawning grounds on the Cedar River.


Collaboration between the coroner and emergency physicians: efforts to improve outcomes from aortic dissection
Following the recommendations in 2006 of the Victorian Parliament Law Reform Committee,1 the
Coroners Act 1985 (Vic) was amended. The revised Coroners Act 2008 (Vic)2 included “prevention”, to explicitly recognise the coroner’s role in public health and safety. The Law Reform Committee report identified the need for a multidisciplinary team to assist coroners to fulfil their prevention mandate. The Coroners Prevention Unit (CPU), within the Coroners Court of Victoria (CCV), was established in 2008, comprising personnel from medicine, nursing, law, public health and social sciences. The CPU reviews cases to identify prevention opportunities and assess the adequacy of health care diagnosis and treatment proximate to death. The CCV annual report for 2011–12 shows that about 10% of deaths reported to the coroner were referred to the CPU, including those resulting from suicide, homicide and unintentional injury, and those that occurred in a health care setting. The CPU reviews statements from family, friends and witnesses, medical records, forensic reports, statements from clinicians and expert opinions, before preparing advice regarding identified risks and protective factors to the coroner, who may then make recommendations for government and non-government organisations with or without an inquest. The overriding aim is to identify prevention opportunities, particularly…


Meeting customers’ expectations while simultaneously controlling paid loss is a challenging balancing act that Innovation Group helps you manage with ease.
Innovation Group harnesses advanced technology and streamlined communications systems to meet the conflicting demands inherent in managing property and subsidence claims.
At the core of the challenge is the range and variations in methods of repair and measurement of quantums and costs. While cost schedules are available, the way they’re applied by assessors and contractors can vary significantly.
We manage this challenge in two ways.
First, we use our own network of contractors and mitigation specialists, carefully selected and all with specialist expertise in construction and restoration. We support them with the highest level of technology available, including a Web-based, state-of-the-art computer system, mobile claims estimating toolsets and a range of specialist ‘on-call’ services.
Your clients have a choice of repairers able to fix their loss quickly, while you can be reassured the work will be carried out to the standards you specify.
Next, we establish a standardised system of communication between you, your client and the contractor. This ensures the scope and approach for mitigating and settling the loss can be agreed quickly, potentially lowering the paid loss significantly.
Subsidence claims and risk management is a specialised field and is handled by a dedicated, award winning team. Their services include investigating, diagnosing and remedying subsidence damage to domestic and commercial properties, and risk modelling.


Family meals are often a source of irritation because preparing food night after night can leave us without ideas. Busy families tend to spend extra money on groceries because its easier and faster to buy expensive, premade frozen foods rather than stock up on pantry basics. By keeping certain staples in your pantry, you not […]


Mortality in West Central Scotland is generally higher than, and improving at a slower rate, than European regions which have experienced comparable levels of deindustrialisation. This paper uses data from the Luxemburg Income Study and other sources to consider whether income inequality, relative poverty and spatial segregation might contribute to this phenomenon. Measured by the Gini Coefficient, income inequality in Scotland is high in European terms, though comparable to levels seen in Wales, Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. At the regional level, levels of income inequality in WCS are high compared to all the mainland European postindustrial regions; this is especially true in relation to the East German regions. There is less certainty over whether it is high compared to other UK post-industrial regions. These higher levels of income inequality feed through into high levels of relative poverty. Based on data from 1994-2001, relative poverty in WCS was high compared to levels found in the East European, German and Benelux regions (but similar to levels observed in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Merseyside and Wales). However, spatial inequalities in relative poverty in WCS appear to be lower than in Merseyside.


Abstract
Predator-prey interactions often vary markedly across natural landscapes. One explanation for this variation is local genetic differentiation of prey traits due to selection from predators. Here, I evaluated the relative contributions of selection from a gape-limited predator (Ambystoma opacum) and spatial location within a larger landscape to explanations of variation in foraging, growth, and survival in 10 populations of temporary pond breeding salamander larvae (Ambystoma maculatum). In parameterized models, high gape-limited predation risk was predicted to select for intense foraging and rapid growth in larvae when migration rates were low (less than 5%). Under common garden conditions, salamander larvae from populations naturally exposed to constant predation risk from A. opacum foraged more actively than those from populations faced with lower predation risks. Higher foraging rates were associated with lower survival in populations exposed to free-ranging A. opacum predators. These results demonstrate for the first time that prey hunger can evolve in a natural landscape of variable gape-limited predation risk depending on natural selection for growth into a size refuge. Moreover, evidence suggests that foraging-predation risk tradeoffs can evolve over microgeographic scales. However, foraging rates also appear to have been affected by gene flow: prey individuals from populations with high predation risk foraged more actively if located within regions with similar predation threats. This interaction between local selection and spatial location suggests a joint role for adaptation and maladaptation in shaping species interactions across natural landscapes, a finding with implications for dynamics at the population, community, and metacommunity levels.


A Answers (1)
You should not stop taking Zytiga (abiraterone), a treatment for metastatic prostate cancer, until your doctor tells you to discontinue it. If you don't feel well or think you may be having severe side effects, call your doctor immediately to discuss your symptoms.
This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs.


Topic of the lecture: Sociolization of an individual
Plan:
1. Theoretical orientations to socialization
- Functional
- Interactional
- Critical perspective
2. Sociological research on socialization
3. Socialization is the life learning process
4. Agents of socialization
- Public opinion
- Religion
- State
- Total institutions
5. Gender socialization
The concept of socialization figures prominently in sociology, underlying many of the discipline’s major claims about the nature of society and social relations.
In general terms, socialization is a generic concept embracing the ways people acquire the general competencies required for participation in society.
At the societal level, socialization helps explain how and the extent to which large numbers of individuals come successfully to cooperate and adapt to the demands of social life (Long & Hadden 1985).
At the organizational level, it summarizes processes by which newcomers to social groups and organizations are transformed from outsiders to participating members.
At the personal level, it refers to the social and cultural shaping and development of the mental, emotional, and behavioral abilities of individuals.
Theoretical orientations to socialization
• Sociology offers three main theoretical orientations to socialization:
a) a functional,
b) an interactional, and
c) a critical perspective.
Structural functionalists such as Parsons T. and Merton R. view socialization as a process of role learning by which people come to adopt prescribed orientations to life which limit the ends to which they may aspire, as well as the means they can use to achieve them.
a) Functional theoretical orientation
Parsons claimed that role learning was society’s primary mechanism for integrating individuals into the patterns of interactionthat constitute the major institutions of society.
From this perspective, socialization is essentially the imprinting of cultural patterns on the personalitiesof individuals, or how society inculcates in its members the skills and orientations required for participation in social life. As such, successfully socialized individuals learn to function in society by interacting with others in accordance with the social roles and positions they occupy.
Structural functionalism has been criticized for exaggerating society’s control over individualsand for portraying people as utterly passive recipients of social influence.
b) Interactional theoretical orientation
The symbolic interactionist perspective leans in the opposite direction by emphasizing the individual’s active role in the socialization process. Symbolic interactionism traces its lineage to pragmatist philosophers such as Herbert M. G. and Dewey J., and sociologists of the Chicago School such as Blumer H. For symbolic interactionists, the crux of socialization is the formation of self concepts in the context of social relationships mediated by shared symbols. Selves are said to emerge and develop as individuals mutually construct versions of reality through communicative processes based on shared symbols, especially language.
Selves emerge and develop as individuals gain experience of:
1. imagining their own demeanor (manner) from the standpoint of others,
2. interpreting and evaluating these perceptions in the light of shared attitudes, and
3. adjusting their actions accordingly
Interactionists hold that people do not automatically internalize or respond to others’ perceptions, attitudes, and understandings, but rather have the ability to evaluate and select from them.
c) Critical perspective (theoretical orientation)
Symbolic interactionism and structural functionalism have been criticized for underplaying the role of power and inequality in social life. Though they offer different perspectives on the process, critical orientations to socialization in sociology, such as Marxism and feminist theory, are unified by deep concerns with power imbalances in society and the reproduction of structures of inequality. Proponents of this perspective generally agree that socialization is a primary mechanism of social control. Pierre Bourdieu’s critical view of socialization has gained prominence in contemporary sociology. For Bourdieu, socialization is the acquisition of ‘‘habitus,’’ which he characterizes as individuals becoming deeply habituated to the customary ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling common to other members of their social worlds. The process is one in which members who share similar positions in society inculcate in each other deeply ingrained patterns of subjective adjustments to external social conditions.


Scarcely any legal question arises in the United States that is not resolved, sooner or later, through arbitration. If Alexis de Tocqueville could survey contemporary American legal culture, he would rub his eyes with amazement at the privatization of adjudication across a wide swath of issues previously committed to judicial resolution. From trade disputes posing serious questions of economic diplomacy to consumer contracts adhering to cell phones and credit cards, mandatory arbitration has displaced conventional adjudication. In the country that de Tocqueville characterized as driven by its dedication to constitutional lawmaking through litigation, arbitration has become a dominant form of dispute resolution with little if any direct doctrinal influence by federal constitutional law. This is the overriding theme of Peter B. Rutledge’s new book, Arbitration and the Constitution.
I also discussed at the American Enterprise Institute and Federalist Society's March 26, 2013, forum on Arbitration and the Constitution. The video archive of my contribution to that forum appears below:


I'm going to assess an argument one might run across among some conservatives. I'm not attributing this to any particular individual. The argument goes like this:
i) On the one hand, the Federal judiciary exceeded its authority when it ruled a certain way (pick your case).
ii) On the other hand, that ruling is the law of the land. We must abide by it while we work to reverse it by getting more conservative justices on the bench.
My point is not to exactly represent any individual's argument, but to clarify the argument. To sort out and spell out the kind of argument one sometimes runs across, by separating the two elements of the argument, and comparing them side-by-side.
And if you do that, these two strands of the argument stand in conflict. If any official or gov't agency exceeds its authority, we don't normally say, "But that's the law!"
After all, to exceed their authority is to overstep their legal authority. Isn't that the very definition of an unlawful, lawless, or extralegal directive? They lack a legal basis for their assertion.
For instance, I believe you normally need a warrant to wiretap the communications of an American citizen on US soil. Suppose your supervisor in the FBI, CIA (or whatever) orders you to conduct an illegal wiretap.
He's exceeded his authority. Since he doesn't have the authority to give that order, it is not a lawful order.
Same thing with police who sometimes issue lawless orders to private citizens. Now, as a practical matter, you may not be in a position to safely disregard the command. You might comply at the time, then challenge it in court–if the alternative is getting shot.
But I'm making a point of principle. In a situation like that, you have no legal obligation to comply. But isn't that analogous to people who say certain judicial rulings exceed the authority of the judicial branch?
If that's the case, then how can that be the "law of the land"? How can there be a legal obligation to submit to a ruling if the judiciary overstepped its Constitutional authority? How is that different in principle from the examples I gave?
I'm just responding to conservatives who might say that a particular ruling represents an abuse of power, transgressing the Constitutional prerogatives of the court, yet that's binding on private citizens as well as the other two branches of gov't, unless and until it is overturned by the court.
These two arguments don't go together. You can relieve the tension by dropping one or the other. But in combination, they are incoherent.


The amount of calories you burn in any exercise depends on your level of intensity, the duration of your workout and your body weight. Exercises that are inherently more vigorous, such as running, burn a higher amount of calories in a shorter amount of time than less vigorous workouts such as walking. However, you can perform any exercise until you burn about 500 calories. Burning 3,500 more calories than you consume each week can lead to a weight loss of about 4 lbs. per month.
120-lb. Exerciser
A lighter person must work harder or for a longer period of time to burn 500 calories than someone who weighs more. Working out for an hour at moderate intensity, a 120-lb. exerciser can burn approximately 500 calories on the stair treadmill, in a step aerobics class or a boxing workout. In a 45-minute workout at a vigorous effort level, the same exerciser burns about 500 calories cycling, rowing or running an 8-minute mile. In less intense 75-minute workouts, a 120-lb. exerciser burns around 500 calories jogging, in an aerobics class or swimming laps.
150-lb. Exerciser
During moderately-intense workouts lasting an hour, a 150-lb. exerciser burns about 500 calories jogging, biking outside or on a stationary bike, rowing or in a high-impact aerobics class. Playing touch football or soccer for an hour will also burn approximately 500 calories. A 150-lb. exerciser who wants a shorter workout can burn 500 calories in 45 minutes by running at a 10-minute mile pace, biking at about 15 mph or doing step aerobics with a 10-inch bench. To burn the same amount of calories with less intensity, the same exerciser can walk 4.5 miles in 75 minutes, or swim easy laps for 75 minutes.
200-lb. Exerciser
At 200 lbs., an exerciser doesn’t have to work quite as hard to burn 500 calories. In an hour, a 200-lb. person can walk just over 4 miles, take a low-impact aerobics class, or perform a moderately intense circuit training workout to expend 500 calories. In 45 minutes, the same exerciser reaches the mark by running at a 12-minute mile pace, or biking or rowing with moderate intensity. During an even shorter, 30-minute workout, a 200-lb. person burns approximately 500 calories biking vigorously or running at an 8.5-minute mile pace. For a less-intense, 75-minute workout, the same exerciser burns 500 calories shooting hoops.
250-lb. Exerciser
Overweight people tend to lose initial pounds more quickly than those who have just a few extra pounds to lose, in part because they burn so many more calories during an equivalent workout. For example, someone who weighs 250 lbs. burns 500 calories over the course of an hour of biking at a semi-leisurely pace, or walking 3.5 miles. Although it can be more challenging for a heavier person to run, a 250-lb. exerciser expends approximately 500 calories in a 45-minute jog. Swimming laps for 45 minutes, free-style, results in the same calorie expenditure.


Governing the Transatlantic Conflict Over Agricultural Biotechnology: Contending Coalitions, Trade L
Üye Girişi yapın, temin süresi ve fiyatını size bildirelim.
Üye Girişi yapın, sizi bu ürün stoklarımıza girdiğinde bilgilendirelim.
Temin süremiz 28 - 42 iş günü
Delays in approving genetically modified crops and foods in the European Union have led to a high profile trade conflict with the United States. This book analyses the EU-US conflict and uses it as a case study to explore the governance of new technologies. The transatlantic conflict over GM crops and food has been widely attributed to regulatory differences that divide the EU and the US. Going beyond common stereotypes of these differences and their origins, this book analyses the conflict through contending coalitions of policy actors operating across the Atlantic. Governing the Transatlantic Conflict over Agricultural Biotechnology focuses on interactions between the EU and the US, rather than on EU-US comparisons. Drawing on original research and interviews with key policy actors, the book shows how EU-US efforts to harmonise regulations for agricultural biotechnology created the context in which activists could generate a backlash against the technology. In this new context regulations were shaped along different lines. Joseph Murphy and Les Levidow provide new insights by elaborating critical perspectives on global governance, issue-framing, standard-setting and regulatory science. This accessible book will appeal to undergraduate and post-graduate students, academics and policy-makers working on a wide range of issues covered by political science, policy studies, international relations, economics, geography, business management, environmental and development studies, science and technology studies.


The Forgotten Plague
Video duration: 51:48Expires: 02/09/18Video has closed captioning.
The battle against tuberculosis had a profound and lasting impact on the country. It shaped medical and scientific pursuits, social habits, economic development, western expansion, and government policy. Yet both the disease and its impact are poorly understood: in the words of one writer, tuberculosis is our "forgotten plague."
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South African Journal of Surgery On-line version ISSN 2078-5151 Print version ISSN 0038-2361 Abstract
AHMED, A..
Selective observational management of penetrating neck injury in Northern Nigeria. S. Afr. j. surg. [online]. 2009, vol.47, n.3, pp.80-85. ISSN 2078-5151. BACKGROUND: The most appropriate management of penetrating neck injury (PNI) remains controversial. This study was conducted to determine the accuracy and safety of physical examination as the basis of selective observational management of PNI at our institution. METHODS: The study was conducted between 1991 and 2006. Patients whose injuries penetrated platysma were included. Following resuscitation, physical signs were utilised to select patients for exploration or observation. Investigations were based on physical signs which, with details of injured structures, treatments and outcomes, were recorded. RESULTS: There were 225 patients of whom 209 (93.0%) were men. Their mean age was 28 years. The majority (74.2%) of cases were stab wounds, and the balance (25.8%) were gunshot injuries. In 37.8% and 27.6% of patients, injuries were sustained during armed civilian conflicts and robberies, respectively. Patients with no signs of significant injuries (37.8%) were treated by observation. Overall, 52.4% underwent neck exploration; injuries requiring repair were found in 87.3% of these patients. Physical signs as a basis of detecting significant injury had a sensitivity of 97.2% and specificity of 87.4%. Overall mortality was 4.0%. CONCLUSION: Physical examination can accurately select patients with PNI who can be safely managed by observation. Physical signs can also identify patients who require further diagnostic evaluations.


Since the days of “take two and call me in the morning,” the internal analgesics category has remained a high earner, in part by making slight changes based on consumer preference.
Supermarkets that follow these trends and merchandise accordingly are set to continue gaining fresh profit from the less-than-fresh category, retailers and wholesalers told SN. Internal analgesics command $2.3 billion in sales for supermarkets, drug stores and mass merchandisers excluding Wal-Mart, accordin


The rapid rise of the U.S. Latin@ population in recent decades has prompted scholarly and popular discussion about the implications of this demographic shift and the institutional management of Latin@ identities. This course analyzes these trends by focusing on the experiences of U.S. Latin@s in one such institutional setting: schools. Over the course of the semester, we will take up three central questions: (1) What is the meaning of "Latin@" as a sociocultural category? (2) What kinds of institutions are schools? (3) What societal structures, practices, and processes can we better understand by tracking the experiences of Latin@s in educational contexts? These questions highlight our dual interest in developing understandings of the experiences of Latin@s in schools, on the one hand, and locating these experiences in relation broader sociocultural phenomena, on the other. In order to engage these issues, we will draw on interactive lectures, reading assignments, writing exercises of varying lengths, facilitated discussions, and community engagement activities. Students will be exposed to key thinkers, theories, and methodologies in Latin@ studies, education, and sociocultural analysis.
Percentage of Latin Am and/or Latino Content: 100%


Abstract: The importance of the hippocampus in the formation and retrieval of episodic
memory has been famously demonstrated in the case of patient H.M. Subsequent studies
conducted in animal models have provided considerable insight into the specific
functions of the individual components of the hippocampus. In the rodent, the pyramidal
neurons of the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus have typically been associated
with the encoding of visuo-spatial cues and their utilization in navigation. These ‘place
cells’ fire when the animal is in a specific part of its environment (its place field).
However, these cells also encode non-spatial information from other sensory inputs, such
as olfaction and audition. This study was conducted to find out how contextual odor cues
are represented in the firing of CA1 place cells and whether these cues could drive stable
spatial representations.
One group of mice was first extensively familiarized to a cylinder containing both
visual cues and preserved, self-generated odor cues. Then, after assessing place field
stability across a six hour delay, the visual and odor cues were rotated in opposite
directions by ninety degrees (counter-rotated). Another group of mice was familiarized
only to the visual cues that were subsequently rotated. The next day stability and rotation were re-assessed in a novel cylinder. However, the odor cues of the two groups were
switched: the preserved odor cues of the first group were removed, and the odor cues of
the second group were now preserved across the three sessions. In a separate experiment,
a third group of animals was familiarized only to the odor cues. Firstly, we found that
contextual odor cues attenuated rotation with the visual cues, but only following
extensive familiarization. Secondly, the removal of familiar odor cues impaired long-term
stability of place fields. Third and finally, the self-generated odor cues alone were not
sufficient for the generation of stable place fields in a free, open-field exploration
paradigm.
We therefore conclude that although they are not as dominant as discrete visual
cues, highly familiarized odor cues exert a significant effect on the representation of
space of the mouse CA1 place cell, illustrating the role of contextually relevant
information in navigating an ever-changing world.


Dietary guidelines advise consumers to limit intake of red meat and choose lean protein sources, such as poultry and fish. Poultry consumption has been steadily increasing in the United States, but the effect on cancer risk remains unclear. In a large U.S. cohort, we prospectively investigated poultry and fish intake and cancer risk across a range of malignancies in men and women. Diet was assessed at baseline (1995-1996) with a food frequency questionnaire in 492,186 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Over a mean follow-up of 9 years, we identified 74,418 incident cancer cases. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, we estimated the substitution and addition effects of white meat (poultry and fish) intake in relation to cancer risk. In substitution models with total meat intake held constant, a 10-g (per 1,000 kcal) increase in white meat intake offset by an equal decrease in red meat intake was associated with a statistically significant reduced (3%-20%) risk of cancers of the esophagus, liver, colon, rectum, anus, lung, and pleura. In addition models with red meat intake held constant, poultry intake remained inversely associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer, and lung cancer, but we observed mixed findings for fish intake. As the dietary recommendations intend, the inverse association observed between white meat intake and cancer risk may be largely due to the substitution of red meat. Simply increasing fish or poultry intake, without reducing red meat intake, may be less beneficial for cancer prevention.


This year, the conference – the 7th of its kind - took place in Torino in Italy and attracted a wide range of Italian water professionals. More than 300 people from all over Italy participated in the conference, including users from private organisations, public bodies, authorities, universities and research institutions.
Numerous project presentations and strategic focus on DSS and EIA
The programme included presentations of real-world applications. Around 50 projects were presented covering a wide range of water environments and with a strategic focus on water modelling and decision support systems (DSS).
In Italy our MIKE by DHI modelling software is a standard in inland, marine and groundwater modelling and is also gaining ground in urban and wastewater modelling.
In connection with this conference, we scheduled two parallel seminars on DSS and environmental impact assessments (EIA).
The conference allowed time for discussion, networking and reflection on the challenges faced in the Italian water sector and on the role of DHI. On the latter, participants agreed on a suitable definition of DHI as a ‘
neutral melting pot’.
We would like to thank participants and presenters for contributing to a successful conference.


Photograph by M. Lombardi
NGS/Waitt grantee Michael Lombardi and his team conducted a successful 2010 expedition to capture high-resolution still imagery of the deep fore reef in Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO), Bahamas, from 50 to +/- 120 meters, noting anomalous/dramatic geological formations associated with historic sea-level changes, as well as unique biological/ecological diversity of the deep reef ecosystem. The team successfully worked to more than 425 feet (130meters), and captured more than 500 images for scientific analysis. This is expedition was the first in a series that will continue through 2011.
The west margin of TOTO (east coast of Andros) is the third largest barrier reef system in the world, and still remains largely unexplored due to logistical constraints in the region. However, it has been noted that these deep reefs are incredibly rich in biological/ecological and geological diversity—and may even be sources for new medicines. Resulting imagery will be used in the ongoing development of a natural history portfolio of the Bahamas' deep reefs. These results will be used to inspire and catalyze future scientific work on deep reefs in the region. This work is also being organized for public display and exhibition, with the intent of bringing this novel environment to the public.
Additional resources for this project:
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The National Geographic Society’s freshwater initiative is a multi-year global effort to inspire and empower individuals and communities to conserve freshwater and preserve the extraordinary diversity of life that rivers, lakes, and wetlands sustain.


19 F3d 18 Bazzi v. Immigration and Naturalization Service
19 F.3d 18
Mohammad Said BAZZI, Petitioner,
v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent.
No. 92-4277.
United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.
March 1, 1994.
NOTICE: Sixth Circuit Rule 24(c) states that citation of unpublished dispositions is disfavored except for establishing res judicata, estoppel, or the law of the case and requires service of copies of cited unpublished dispositions of the Sixth Circuit.
Before: KENNEDY, SILER, and BATCHELDER, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
Mohamad Said Bazzi petitions this court for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals' ("BIA") decision denying him discretionary relief under 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1182(c), which is Sec. 212(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. Bazzi claims that the BIA abused its discretion in so ruling. We remand.
Background
Bazzi was admitted to the United States as a permanent resident on April 27, 1976, at the age of thirty-one. Shortly thereafter, he began to have medical problems, including a mental illness. On June 27, 1979, Bazzi shot and killed his wife. On October 29, 1979, he was convicted of second-degree murder and unlawful possession of a firearm.
The Immigration and Naturalization Service initiated deportation proceedings while Bazzi was in prison. However, the proceedings were continued until December 3, 1985, after Bazzi's release from prison. At that time, Bazzi conceded deportability. Nevertheless, on April 8, 1986, the Immigration Judge ("IJ") granted Bazzi discretionary relief under Sec. 1182(c). On November 19, 1992, the BIA reversed the IJ and ordered Bazzi deported to Lebanon. Bazzi now appeals the BIA's decision.
Analysis
Section 1182(c)1 provides discretionary relief from deportation to permanent resident aliens who have accrued seven years of lawful unrelinquished domicile. Butros v. INS, 990 F.2d 1142, 1143 (9th Cir.1993) (en banc). In deciding whether to exercise discretion in the applicant's favor, the IJ must "balance the adverse factors ... with the social and humane considerations presented in [the applicant's] behalf." Re Marin, 16 I & N Dec. 581, 584-85 (BIA 1978). An applicant with a criminal record must ordinarily "evidence rehabilitation before the legal leniency of 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1182(c) will be invoked." Villarreal-San Miguel v. INS, 975 F.2d 248, 251 (5th Cir.1992). Furthermore, an applicant convicted of murder must demonstrate unusual or outstanding equities. See Gouveia v. INS, 980 F.2d 814, 817 (1st Cir.1992).
Bazzi claims the BIA abused its discretion in denying Sec. 1182(c) relief, arguing that the BIA misinterpreted and failed to consider certain equities. We review the denial of relief under Sec. 1182(c) for abuse of discretion. Villarreal-San Miguel, 975 F.2d at 250. A denial will be upheld unless it is "arbitrary, irrational, or not in accordance with the law." Id. (internal quotations omitted). The BIA abuses its discretion when it fails to weigh important factors and state reasons for denying relief. Vergara-Molina v. INS, 956 F.2d 682, 685 (7th Cir.1992).
1. Interpretation of the evidence.
Bazzi asserts that the BIA committed several errors in interpreting the evidence. First, Bazzi claims that the BIA erroneously departed from the IJ's finding by determining that his expressions of sorrow were not genuine. However, the BIA was permitted to review the administrative record de novo in deciding whether to grant discretionary relief. See Gouveia, 980 F.2d at 817. As the BIA found, Bazzi justified his actions by blaming the victim for the crime. Therefore, the BIA's finding is supported by substantial evidence. Cf. id. at 818.
Second, Bazzi claims that the BIA erroneously assumed that he fired the first shot at his wife with criminal purpose. The BIA properly considered the circumstances surrounding Bazzi's convictions, which are useful in indexing the nature and gravity of Bazzi's convictions. Id. at 817. However, contrary to Bazzi's argument, the BIA accurately characterized the evidence. The BIA recognized that Bazzi shot his wife five times and acknowledged Bazzi's claim that his gun discharged during a struggle with his wife. Therefore, the record reveals no erroneous assumptions about Bazzi's criminal purpose.
Even if the BIA mischaracterized Bazzi's purpose in firing the first shot, this is not material to whether Bazzi murdered his wife and, thus, could not alter Bazzi's obligation to demonstrate unusual or outstanding equities as a prerequisite to obtaining discretionary relief. See id. at 817.
Third, Bazzi asserts that the BIA erred by holding that he was found not to be mentally ill or insane at the time of the murder. Bazzi is correct, as the state court record of conviction indicates that Bazzi committed murder but was mentally ill. Nevertheless, the BIA's error did not affect the determination that Bazzi murdered his wife. Thus, the error did not alter Bazzi's obligation to demonstrate unusual or outstanding equities as a prerequisite to obtaining discretionary relief, see Gouveia, 980 F.2d at 817, but it may be a factor in weighing the equities against the crime of which Bazzi was convicted.
2. Consideration of the equities.
Finally, Bazzi claims that the BIA erred in failing to consider certain equities. First, Bazzi claims that the BIA failed to consider that his deportation would deprive his children of necessary financial support. However, the Board recognized that Bazzi's "children would be deprived of the love and emotional support of their father" and acknowledged that Bazzi's deportation would cause the children "hardship for the reasons noted by the immigration judge." The IJ, in turn, weighed "the dependency of the three children on their father."
Second, Bazzi claims that the BIA failed to consider equities that have developed during the six years since his deportation hearing. These equities are significant. However, this is not the appropriate venue for evaluating an application for discretionary relief that is based on "circumstances which have arisen subsequent to the hearing." 8 C.F.R. Sec. 3.2. To gain consideration of these equities, Bazzi must file a motion to reopen or reconsider with the INS. Id.
Nevertheless, in considering the equities, the BIA was required to weigh them against the crime of which Bazzi was convicted, to-wit, second degree murder while mentally ill. Because the BIA made irreconcilable statements that "[t]he immigration judge noted respondent had pled guilty but mentally ill" and that "[t]he respondent was found not to be mentally ill," we think it necessary to remand this matter for clarification. Maybe the BIA intended to show, by its contradictory statements, that it examined the psychiatrists' reports and testimony underlying the Wayne County Circuit Court's decision to accept Bazzi's plea and its judgment. On the other hand, the BIA may have erroneously overlooked the fact that Bazzi was found guilty but mentally ill. In the latter situation, the BIA's misunderstanding of the facts would have precluded it from correctly weighing the equities. We express no opinion on the BIA's result in this case; we simply want to make sure that the BIA has correctly understood the facts in making its decision.
Therefore, we remand this matter to the BIA to clarify its findings and weigh the equities against the crime of conviction in determining whether to grant discretionary relief to Bazzi.
Section 1182(c) provides in part that:
Aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence who temporarily proceeded abroad voluntarily and not under an order of deportation, and who are returning to a lawful unrelinquished domicile of seven consecutive years, may be admitted in the discretion of the Attorney General....


Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-1994
Abstract
The Immigration and Nationality Act vests enormous discretion in the Attorney General and her subordinates, a discretion exercised frequently at all levels of the immigration system. Despite this, though, judicial review of these decisions has followed a very uneven, troubled course. This Article will explore the reasons for this, focusing first on the Administrative Procedure Act and the elusive meaning of discretion itself. It will demonstrate the "disintegration" of administrative law and the failure of its general precepts to accommodate immigration issues. Next, it will trace the development of faulty doctrine through case law, resulting in a terribly stunted judicial review. Finally it will reveal the necessity for developing a more particularized approach to judicial review to afford aliens effective access to our legal system.
Recommended Citation
Michael G. Heyman, Judicial Review of Discretionary Immigration Decisionmaking, 31 San Diego L. Rev. 861 (1994).


Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive treatment for fat removal. It is also known as CoolSculpting, which is a trademark for a device and treatment by Zeltiq Aesthetics Ltd.
Cryolipolysis works to reduce fat in specific areas of the body and is most commonly used on the stomach and back. It is the cooling of subcutaneous fat cells, which induces lipolysis, the breaking down of the fat cells, without damaging any of the surrounding tissues or the skin. It is not a permanent solution to fat loss; whilst it can reduce fat cells that are already present, it cannot prevent remaining fat cells from increasing in size so individuals will have to maintain their fat loss either through a combination of a healthy diet and exercise or further cryolipolysis procedures. Following the procedure, the fat breaks down over a period of two to four months, resulting in fat loss that appears entirely natural.
A video discussion on the process of Cryolipolysis as part of a CoolSculpting treatmentnby Dr Natalie Blakely
A Video explaining the process of the 'Coolsculpting' Procedure, and a discussion of the advantages of the treatment
A video explaining how 'CoolSculpting' works, and who would be suitable for the treatment.
A video diary illustrating a Cryolipolysis Treatment using Coolsculpting from ZELTIQ®.