'What with your grades?': Students motivation for and experience of vocational courses in further education
Fuller, C. and MacFadyen, T. (2012)
To link to this article DOI: 10.1080/13636820.2011.622447
Abstract/Summary
In this article we seek to explore the motivations for studying a vocational qualification of 40 students currently in further education. We consider student decision making, in terms of the support and guidance received, and examine the value these students place on their training, particularly with respect to their future employment. Drawing on qualitative data from 40 students we argue that a student’s sense of their educational identity is important in understanding their motivations for vocational training in the first instance as well as a lack of good careers information and guidance.


In British Columbia, the core principle of community forestry is local control and local decision-making to capture the benefits (both monetary and non-monetary) of this natural capital for communities adjacent to the forests.
In a nutshell, community forests accommodate a more responsible, more purposeful approach to forestry. Specific forest resources are selected and diverted for specific purposes based on their value.
Key objectives include creating long-term opportunities for achieving a range of community priorities and diversifying the use of (and benefits derived from) the community forest agreement area. Frequently referred to as ‘integral forestry’, community forestry seeks to determine and establish the limits to human uses of forests to sustain fully functioning ecosystems.
This presents a contrast to many mainstream forestry operations as the community forest focuses on local operations that are smaller in scale and have a wider purpose to achieve a positive ‘triple bottom line’ through social, environmental and financial responsibility.


A new study from Argonne National Laboratory has shown water can serve a previously undiscovered role to help micelles coalesce to spontaneously form long fibers. The study could help scientists to understand how light-harvesting molecules are incorporated into the micelle fiber as it assembles, which would be a key step to understanding some forms of artificial photosynthesis.


I’m graduating this year with a master of science degree in gerontology from the USC Davis School. As I reflect on my time in the department, I am filled with gratitude for the professors who positively influenced my collegiate experience and extended their support in academic mentorship and collaboration.
At the end of last year, I had an opportunity to nominate Dr. Jon Pynoos for induction into the USC Golden Key Chapter. I knew he would be an excellent candidate for this international honor society, which is dedicated to personal, professional and altruistic achievement.
Dr. Pynoos was my first professor at the USC Davis School of Gerontology. His “Policy, Values and Power in an Aging Society” class laid the foundation for my interdisciplinary and intergenerational coursework and inquisitive investigation of the field. I will never forget how formative our class discussions were, as we explored landmark legislation like Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security as well as the social contracts between generations.
Dr. Pynoos always encouraged us to think for ourselves and to critically analyze existing aging frameworks while imagining novel and innovative ones. I remain grateful for his wisdom and kindness, and I credit him with helping launch me on a successful USC academic career.
I was thrilled when he was chosen as a Golden Key Honorary member, and proud to help celebrate him and his world-changing work at the New Member Recognition ceremony. Dr. Pynoos’s dedication to thoughtful evidence-based research, visionary leadership and compassionate mentoring has inspired countless students. It was meaningful to see him rewarded and recognized.
As I graduate from the USC Davis School of Gerontology this May 2013, I look forward to the challenges and opportunities that lay ahead of me. I hope to follow in the footsteps of Dr. Pynoos by emulating his kindness, generosity and sincerity. I want to inspire others as he has inspired and empowered me, and to make a positive difference in the world and our interdisciplinary field.
Because of his exemplary mentorship, dedication, and passion for autonomy and quality of life, I believe my fellow graduates and I can cultivate a culturally sensitive, personalized and collaborative model of care and support for the future. I am humbled to continue my academic and professional journey and carry with me the eloquent, rigorous and supportive direction of Dr. Pynoos.
Thank you, Dr. Pynoos, and all of the USC Davis School. Fight On!


Academic Medicine:
doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182854f3f
Letters to the Editor
Author Information
Instructor of clinical medical education, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; anitaric@usc.edu.
To the Editor: Steven Kanter’s 1 compelling editorial, “Advancing the education mission,” highlights the importance of medical educators’ commitment to their mission. His proposed framework to guide the advancement of medical education reinforces the academic health center’s social contract and dedication to public service. However, he downplayed the importance of finding and committing funds to finance the provision of educational programs, especially in light of the Association of American Medical Colleges’ call for a 30% increase in U.S. medical school enrollment by 2015. 2 The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will likely result in the need for additional learners and will further tax medical education and academic health center resources. Without funding to support these increases, how can we sustain the medical educational mission, let alone advance it?
As a junior faculty member working in the realm of standardized patients (SPs), I am challenged by a flat or decreasing budget as I seek to accommodate the ever-increasing numbers of learners in our medical school. The irony is that demand for SPs has increased because fewer clinicians have the time to directly interact with and assess learners. Furthermore, accrediting agencies such as the Liaison Committee for Medical Education hold the expectation that medical students will all participate in clinical skills examinations, for which SPs are heavily used. All uses of SPs cost money, and these costs increase when accommodating additional learners. In the short run, we are doing more with less, but ultimately that approach is not sustainable.
3 Without addressing this key issue, our learners, and ultimately patients, will suffer.
Medical education is at a critical point. Medical schools are bursting at the seams in attempts to accommodate new learners. Faculty dedicated to education are on the edge of burnout. We must act now! As we move toward competency-based education and assessment, which require more and better-targeted resources,
4 I call on our deans and department heads not only to participate in educational activities but also to invest adequate resources into our educational programs.
Anita J. Richards
Instructor of clinical medical education, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; anitaric@usc.edu.
References
1. Kanter SL. Advancing the education mission. Acad Med. 2012;87:991–992
2. AAMC Statement on the Physician Workforce. 2006 Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Colleges
3. Schieffler DA Jr, Azevedo BM, Culbertson RA, Kahn MJ. Financial implications of increasing medical school class size: Does tuition cover cost? Perm J. 2012;16:10–14
4. Holmboe ES, Sherbino J, Long DM, Swing SR, Frank JR. The role of assessment in competency-based medical education. Med Teach. 2010;32:676–682


Abstract
Phase-transfer featured, imidazolium-based, organic-inorganic hybrid silica represents a novel functionalized platform with particularly attractive features in asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we report a chiral organorhodium-functionalized heterogeneous catalyst. As demonstrated in the studies, it displays comparable or higher catalytic activity and enantioselectivity than its homogeneous counterpart in asymmetric transformations. The superior catalytic performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of the salient imidazolium phase-transfer character and the confined chiral organorhodium catalytic nature in addition to the merits of mesoporous silica. Furthermore, it is more robust than other silica-derived heterogeneous systems and can be conveniently recovered and reused at least 10 times without loss of its catalytic efficiency. These features render the catalyst particularly attractive in practice of organic synthesis. The outcomes from the study clearly show that the strategy described here offers a general approach to immobilization of chiral ligand-derived silane onto the phase-transfer featured imidazolium-based organic-inorganic hybrid silica materials with significant improving catalyst efficiency.


Background
This joint PRA and Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) consultation paper (CP) sets out proposed changes to the way individuals working for UK banks, building societies, credit unions and PRA-designated investment firms are assessed and held accountable for the roles they perform.
The proposals reflect the recommendations of the Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards and implement changes required under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA) as amended by the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013.
Summary of the proposals covered by the CP
The changes are significant and include:
a new Senior Managers Regime for individuals who will be subject to regulatory approval; and a Certification Regime which will require relevant firms to assess the fitness and property of certain employees who could pose a risk of significant harm to the firm or any of its customers.
The proposals in this consultation are intended to create a new framework to encourage individuals to take greater responsibility for their actions, and will make it easier for both firms and regulators to hold individuals to account.
Annexes to CP14/14 include the regulators’ cost benefit analyses, compatibility statements, draft Handbook text and rules, a draft statement of policy and draft supervisory statements.
The same CP is available on the FCA’s website with the reference ***CP14/13.
The regulators are seeking views on the implementation timetable for the introduction of the new regimes and expect to publish this with their final policy statements and any supporting guidance or supervisory statements around end 2014/early 2015.
Readers may also wish to refer to Strengthening the alignment of risk and reward: new remuneration rules – CP15/14 and Clawback – PS7/14 published simultaneously with CP14/14.
Responses
The consultation closed on Friday 31 October 2014.
Please address any comments or enquiries to CP14/14@bankofengland.co.uk
Consultation paper
Strengthening accountability in banking: a new regulatory framework for individuals – CP14/14 (1.9MB)
Annex 10 - Cost Benefit Analysis of the New Regime for Individual Accountability and Remuneration - Final Report (1.3MB) Europe Economics - 28 July 2014 (commissioned by the Financial Conduct Authority)


The rigorous testing took place at the Taylor Woodrow Technology Centre in Leighton Buzzard under the strict guidance of CWCT University of Bath. MC Wall achieved an excellent performance, making it suitable for the most extreme exposure categories in the UK; air permeability Class 4 600pa, water tightness Class R7 600pa and wind resistance 2400pa.
Modern building envelopes are expected to meet many performance criteria such as safety, building physics, integrity and durability and hence must undergo stringent testing to ensure its performance is long term. The CWCT standard for Systemised Building Envelopes is widely regarded as the benchmark certification for ventilated facades; the standard has been updated to include the stipulations of European EN Curtain Walling standards, and now all test requirements are at least equal to the European standards, and several even surpass those standards; a example being the water penetration tests. The current CWCT standard has retained the dynamic aero engine test, which is the only suitable method of simulating typical weather conditions on a building envelope. The dynamic test attempts to recreate these conditions by using a large wind generator to develop turbulent positive pressure while water droplets with kinetic energy are sprayed over the face. Smarts are committed to high standards of quality and workmanship; their reputation has been built around the assurance of quality that comes with buying a Smart product. Attaining the CWCT standard demonstrates that the companys policy of extensive product testing continues to ensure their products perform to the highest standards; their range also features products that hold BSI Kitemark BS 7950, and PAS 23/24 certificates.
View Curtain-wall systems Product Entry


The new EnerGstor wayside energy storage system is based on supercapacitor technology, which captures and stores potentially wasted braking energy and recycles it back into the system.
Providing both economic and environmental benefits, the solution is compatible with any electric transit system, regardless of the type or manufacturer.
The modular system complements regenerative braking by storing excess energy released from braking trains, then releases it when nearby trains need to draw power. This can reduce the network energy consumption by up to 20 per cent.


Reading time: 2 – 4 minutes
A new study published in the medical journal Pediatrics reports on the prevalence of youth participation in a dangerous strangulation game, commonly referred to as the “Choking Game” [1]. The game involves obstructing blood flow to the brain by tightening a scarf, rope or belt around the neck. When the belt is removed and blood returns to the brain, the participant experiences a euphoric high. The game, researchers report, is played purely for the purpose of experiencing a high; it is non-sexual in nature and is not the same as autoerotic asphyxiation.
Risks associated with participation in the “Choking Game” are numerous, and include the accumulation of significant damage to brain tissue with each instance of strangulation. Further, if a participant engages in choking while alone, there’s the great potential for unconsciousness to set in before the belt is removed, which subsequently leads to death.
In an attempt to determine the popularity of the game among middle school students, investigators surveyed 5,348 eighth graders in Oregon. They found that more than 6% of students had participated in the “Choking Game,” with roughly equal participation by both genders. The vast majority of participants played the game more than once. The authors also surveyed 11
th graders, and found that 7.6% had participated in the game. Game participants were more likely than non-participants to be sexually active, have poor mental health, use other drugs or alcohol, and have been exposed to violence.
The authors conclude that the prevalence of the game and the fact that most participants are engaging in strangulation more than once indicate that children do not have adequate awareness off the dangers involved. They further suggest that healthcare providers for children and teens should be aware of the significant crossover between participation in the “Choking Game” and other risky behaviors. As such, those patients who are identified as engaging in risky behaviors might be appropriately targeted for education about the dangers of strangulation.
Parents, too, can watch for signs that their children are participating in the game. These include, but are not limited to: engaging in risky behaviors, marks on the neck, and complaining of frequent headaches. Even for those children who don’t appear to be at risk of participating in the “Choking Game,” parents might well be advised to initiate a dialogue about the game, whether the child has ever heard of it, and the associated dangers.
Reference Ramowski et al. Health Risks of Oregon Eighth-Grade Participants in the “Choking Game”: Results From a Population-Based Survey. Pediatrics. 2012 Apr 16. [Epub ahead of print]


Audi made the announcement yesterday at the TED2012 conference in Long Beach, California, where the automaker was presenting its vision of the role transportation will play in the world’s increasingly congested urban centers.
The latest program, similar to the A1 e-tron based trial currently running in Munich, Germany, is aimed at gathering data on driver behavior, electric infrastructure requirements, and a new communication network between drivers and electric charging stations using smartphones.
In addition to this, the A3 e-tron pilot program will allow Audi to identify challenges and opportunities with plug-in vehicles as progressive luxury car buyers become increasingly receptive to electric car technology. You only have to look at the success of the previous MINI E and subsequent BMW ActiveE electric car trials to realize that a significant portion of luxury buyers consider environmental concerns when purchasing their cars.
Based on the regular A3 hatchback, the A3 e-tron features a fully electric powertrain consisting of a motor with a continuous power rating of 60 kW (82 horsepower) and peak rating of 100 kW (136 horsepower). Maximum torque is 199 pound-feet and running the motor is a 26.5 kWh lithium-ion battery. Audi claims a driving range of about 90 miles on a single charge, which takes about nine hours on a regular household power outlet or roughly four hours using a special 400 volt rapid charger.
The latest program will run throughout the year and provide actionable feedback and telematics data to Audi engineering teams in the U.S. and Germany. It will take place in the San Francisco, Los Angeles, Washington D.C., and Denver markets.


Publication Abstract Authors: Neta G, Glasgow RE, Carpenter CR, Grimshaw JM, Rabin BA, Fernandez ME, Brownson RC Title: A Framework for Enhancing the Value of Research for Dissemination and Implementation. Journal: Am J Public Health 105(1):49-57 Date: 2015 Jan Abstract: A comprehensive guide that identifies critical evaluation and reporting elements necessary to move research into practice is needed. We propose a framework that highlights the domains required to enhance the value of dissemination and implementation research for end users. We emphasize the importance of transparent reporting on the planning phase of research in addition to delivery, evaluation, and long-term outcomes. We highlight key topics for which well-established reporting and assessment tools are underused (e.g., cost of intervention, implementation strategy, adoption) and where such tools are inadequate or lacking (e.g., context, sustainability, evolution) within the context of existing reporting guidelines. Consistent evaluation of and reporting on these issues with standardized approaches would enhance the value of research for practitioners and decision-makers.
Last Updated: 02 Mar 2015


Abstract here:
Annotation: This study examined the experiences of State, local, and tribal (SLT) law enforcement agencies and fusion centers in building an intelligence capacity; understanding critical gaps in the sharing of intelligence information; and identifying obstacles related to other key intelligence issues, such as measuring performance and communication between agencies.
Abstract: In addition, the study examined the activities of three fusion centers in order to identify strategies that are successful in increasing the information flow across agencies, the major obstacles to effective intelligence-gathering and information-sharing, and identify key practices for integrating domestic intelligence into the information-sharing environment and overcoming these obstacles. The study found that although significant progress has been made since 9/11 in installing fundamental policy and procedures related to building the intelligence capacity of law enforcement, there is significant room for improvement and a need to move agencies forward to be consistent with key requirements. Also, fusion centers are further along in instituting intelligence policies and practices than are individual law enforcement agencies. This is most likely because there has been a focus on developing fusion center operations and expertise by both the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Justice. In addition, both samples of respondents emphasized that they have worked at building relationships with a diverse range of agencies, but they also indicated that they are not completely satisfied with these relationships. Further, there is a significant amount of information coming into and going out of these agencies. It is likely that without sufficient analysts within the organizations or poorly trained analysts, there are missed opportunities for strategic and tactical understanding of homeland security and criminal threats. Assessing the performance of analysts is difficult, but respondents emphasized the need to focus on the quality of strategic and tactical products produced. 60 references


Separate encoding of identity and similarity of complex familiar odors in piriform cortex. Kadohisa M., Wilson DA.
Piriform cortical circuits are hypothesized to form perceptions from responses to specific odorant features, but the anterior piriform cortex (aPCX) and posterior piriform cortex (pPCX) differ markedly in their anatomical organization, differences that could lead to distinct roles in odor encoding. Here, we tested whether experience with a complex odorant mixture would modify encoding of the mixture and its components in aPCX and pPCX. Rats were exposed to an odorant mixture and its components in a go/no-go rewarded odor discrimination task. After reaching behavioral performance criterion, single-unit recordings were made from the aPCX and pPCX in these rats and in odor-naïve, control, urethane-anesthetized rats. After odor experience, aPCX neurons were more narrowly tuned to the test odorants, and there was a decorrelation in aPCX population responses to the mixture and its components, suggesting a more distinct encoding of the familiar mixture from its components. In contrast, pPCX neurons were more broadly tuned to the familiar odorants, and pPCX population responses to the mixture and its components became more highly correlated, suggesting a pPCX encoding of similarity between familiar stimuli. The results suggest aPCX and pPCX play different roles in the processing of familiar odors and are consistent with an experience-dependent encoding (perceptual learning) of synthetic odorant identity in aPCX and an experience-dependent encoding of odor similarity or odor quality in pPCX.


On December 18, 1865, the ratification of the 13
th Amendment was verified, formally abolishing slavery in the United States. The 13 th Amendment declared that, “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
The ratification of the 13
th amendment came 8 months after the end of the Civil War. Slavery had been protected in the original Constitution through different clauses such as the Three-Fifths Compromise. Many slaves were declared free by Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. However, Lincoln felt that a Constitutional Amendment was necessary to ensure the end of slavery, as the Emancipation Proclamation was largely symbolic, freeing only slaves in the ten states that were still in rebellion. The post-war status of the slaves was also uncertain. Additionally, the Emancipation Proclamation was based on Lincoln’s authority as commander in chief, and was not a law passed by Congress.
In 1864, Congress debated several different proposals for the Amendment. The Senate Judiciary Committee provided the eventual language, borrowing from the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 in which slavery was banned from the area north of the Ohio River.
Abraham Lincoln’s overwhelming victory in the 1864 presidential election guaranteed the success of the amendment. The Democratic platform called for the restoration of states’ rights (which would include the possibility that the states could maintain slavery), while the Republican side called for the complete and utter destruction of slavery.
The 13
th Amendment, formally abolishing slavery in the U.S., was passed by Congress on January 31, 1865 and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865. It was then officially verified as ratified on December 18, 1865.


Nail salons rely on some pretty serious chemicals to dress up your nails, including formaldehyde, toluene and other known toxins. Long-term exposure to these chemicals can cause birth defects and cancer in salon workers and customers, while even short-term exposure may lead to nausea, headaches and respiratory irritation.
While it's virtually impossible to find a salon that's completely free of chemicals, you can take steps to limit your exposure. Avoid salons with overpowering odors and choose locations with adequate ventilation that allows you to breathe freely. Steer clear of establishments that leave jars of chemicals open and uncovered, as this allows dangerous fumes to continuously pollute the air. If your favorite salon doesn't pass the smell test, don't hesitate to speak up; you'll not only protect your own health, but also help make conditions better for the salon's workers.


Readiness & Preparation Assessing Your Readiness
Before beginning to plan your intervention, it is important to assess the community’s readiness allowing for a greater chance of success. Additionally, proper preparation will also improve your chances of planning and implementing an effective intervention.
Assessing the community’s interest in addressing the priority health issue is an important measure of readiness. Additionally, determining if there is leadership support, partnership engagement, and resources to implement an effective intervention are indicators of readiness.
The Show Me Am I Ready is a tool to help guide you through the process of evaluating if the community is ready to plan and implement an intervention to address the priority health issue. The scale provides ten essential questions to guide your thinking in determining readiness to proceed with planning and intervention.


CHICAGO — Attorney General Lisa Madigan announced Friday that a Madison County judge has found that a registered sex offender is a sexually violent person (SVP) following a one-day trial.
Judge Jennifer L. Hightower ruled that William Ducksworth, 43, of East St. Louis, must remain in the custody of the Illinois Department of Human Services (IDHS) for treatment.
“Allowing this offender to reenter society would pose a significant threat to the safety of children in the community,” Madigan said.
Under the Sexually Violent Persons Act, Madigan’s office prosecutes cases seeking to commit offenders to the custody of IDHS as SVPs. To be committed under the act, a person must have been convicted of a sexually violent offense and suffer from a mental disorder. Additionally, prosecutors must prove that the offender is likely to commit future acts of sexual violence if released from custody. Once committed to IDHS, offenders are re-evaluated on a regular basis to determine if they continue to meet the criteria for commitment as a sexually violent person.
Following the judge’s verdict, Ducksworth was returned to the IDHS SVP Treatment and Detention Facility in Rushville, Illinois. His next court hearing is March 31.
Previously, in 2011, Ducksworth was convicted of aggravated criminal sexual abuse and sentenced to four years in the Illinois Department of Corrections.
Since the law’s enactment, 401 convicted sex offenders have been committed pursuant to the Sexually Violent Persons Act. Madigan’s office currently has an additional 190 petitions filed with courts around Illinois seeking commitment of offenders who otherwise would be released from prison.
Assistant Attorneys General Nicole Nelson and Anna Young are handling the case for Madigan’s Sexually Violent Persons Bureau.


Images courtesy of Hui Zhao
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) are responsible for activating cellular machinery that drives cell cycle progression. As their name implies, they are managed by cyclin proteins that guide CDKs to their appropriate targets and enhance their activity. CDK1, which orchestrates the G2 and M cell cycle phases with the assistance of cyclins A and B, also serves as a molecular 'stop/go' switch between G2 and M phases. When CDK1 residues 14 (threonine) and 15 (tyrosine) are phosphorylated, CDK1 activity is inhibited. When these modifications are removed by members of the CDC25 phosphatase gene family, CDK1 is activated. The signals that control this phosphorylation 'switch' safeguard the order and timing of cell cycle events. For example, checkpoint pathways that sense unreplicated DNA promote inhibitory CDK1 phosphorylation to delay or prevent cell division. Previous studies have shown that if these phosphorylation sites are removed by mutating residues T14 and Y15 to alanine and phenylalanine, cells expressing CDK1AF are rendered insensitive to checkpoint pathways.
Although less is known about CDK2, which enables G1 and S phase progression and associates with cyclins E and A, the same cellular components that phosphorylate/dephosphorylate CDK1 inhibit/activate CDK2 at residues T14 and Y15. This led postdoctoral fellow Dr. Hui Zhao and former colleagues in Dr. James Robert’s lab of the Basic Sciences Division to inquire whether CDK2 inhibitory phosphorylation serves as a similar checkpoint-sensitive 'stop/go' switch between G1 and S phases. To address this question, they analyzed several phenotypes relating to the cell cycle progression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) homozygous for a knock-in variant of CDK2 whose inhibitory phosphorylation sites have been removed by mutating residues T14 and Y15 to A14 and F15 (CDK2AF).
Unexpectedly, CDK2AF MEFs delayed S-phase entry to a similar extent as wild-type MEFs following UV-exposure, suggesting that CDK2AF cells remain sensitive to DNA damage. This was the first clue that the G1 to S phase transition involves CDK2 in a way that differs from the G2 to M phase regulation by inhibitory phosphorylation of CDK1. Zhao
et al. then postulated that the CDK2 inhibitor p21, which was upregulated through DNA damage sensing pathways, might have bound to CDK2AF and prevented it from bypassing checkpoint pathways in irradiated cells. However, when p21 expression was knocked-down in CDK2AF MEFs, the resulting cells again delayed S-phase entry upon UV exposure to a similar extent as wild-type MEFs. As cyclin E-associated CDK activity was intact (even elevated) in these cells, Zhao et al. have focused their ongoing studies on the regulation of cyclin A-associated CDK2 activity, as cyclin A-CDK2 can initiate S phase in the absence of cyclin E.
Together these results suggest that CDK2 inhibitory phosphorylation does not unilaterally control DNA replication. In contrast, CDK2 inhibitory phosphorylation does appear to serve a non-redundant role in controlling centrosome duplication, as 10-15% of synchronized CDK2AF cells exhibit four or more centrosomes, compared to only 5% of synchronized controls.
Although it remains to be shown if there is a singular signaling pathway that underlies the decision to enter S phase and if so, what the nature of that 'stop/bsgo' switch is, this study has demonstrated that DNA replication employs many fail-safes to prevent genetic instability caused by DNA damage.
Zhao H, Chen X, Gurian-West M, Roberts JM. 2012. Loss of cyclin-dpendent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitory phosphorylation in a CDK2AF knock-in mouse causes misregulation of DNA replication and centrosome duplication.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Epub ahead of print, doi: 10.1128/ MCB.06721-11


Residents of Brevard County, a place fondly referred to as the Space Coast, can now breathe a sigh of relief. In the most recent data released from the federal Toxics Release Inventory, toxic air pollution in Brevard County has dropped almost 90 percent, according to Florida Today.
"You can really see a big drop from 2007 to 2010," Caroline Shine, administrator of the air resources management program for Florida Department of Environmental Protection central district in Orlando, told the news source.
The drop in air pollution levels is attributed to a variety of factors. However, officials caution residents that the new figures are not indicative of a decrease in health risk. Investing in a home air purifier could assist in decreasing prolonged exposure to toxins in the air.
Efforts to decrease pollution began with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection creating regulations for local businesses, inspecting them and then allowing the potential fines accrued to be spent on upgrading the business or pollution prevention projects. The closing of the Florida Power & Light Co. power plant for a cleaner new gas plant and a decrease in luxury boat manufacturing has contributed heavily to the new increase in air quality.


Asian hedge funds achieved reasonably good performance in March and the AsiaHedge medians look pretty good - until they are compared with benchmark indices that rose sharply across the region. Also, looking at Q1 performance, all medians, except for Chinese equity, are in positive territory, though again left behind by their benchmark indices by a wide margin.
Australian equity managers were the only exception, as they outstripped the Australian All Ordinaries Index both in March and on a quarterly basis. The AsiaHedge Australian equity median rose 5.58% in March and 2.41% in Q1, compared to gains of 5.2%


New York, Aug 18 (IANS) Global warming caused by human activities has halted 1,800 years of steady cooling trend in the oceans of the world, shows new research.
“Today, the Earth is warming about 20 times faster than it cooled during the past 1,800 years,” said second author of the study Michael Evans, associate professor at University of Maryland in the US.
“This study truly highlights the profound effects we are having on our climate today,” Evans noted.
During the latter half of this cooling period, the trend was most likely driven by large and frequent volcanic eruptions.
The coolest temperatures occurred during the Little Ice Age — a period that spanned the 16th through 18th centuries and was known for cooler average temperatures over land, the study found.
The concurrence of cooling events on both land and sea suggests that a global cooling phenomenon was erased by subsequent human-caused global warming.
“With this research, we now have new insight into the century-scale global sea-surface temperature variations that came before man-made greenhouse gas forcing,” lead author Helen McGregor from University of Wollongong in New South Wales, Australia noted.
The scientists combined 57 previously published marine surface temperature reconstructions that cover all of the world’s oceans, from near-polar to tropical regions.
The team compiled the data within 200-year brackets to observe long-term trends, and then compared the findings to land-based reconstructions, which revealed similar cooling trends.
To investigate the cause of the cooling trend, the researchers turned to climate models.
They examined how sea-surface temperatures reacted to various “forcing” factors, such as changes in solar output, Earth’s orbit, land use, volcanic activity and greenhouse gases.
The study was published in the journal Nature Geoscience.


Today, the food world's gone into hyper-discussion mode over the fact that Paula Deen reportedly has diabetes. This isn't a first — we've been hearing rumors of her diabetes for a while now — but she's also reportedly signed on to be the spokesperson for a diabetes drug from pharmaceutical company Novartis.
Paula Deen, who's been dubbed the Queen of Southern Cuisine, is known for her decadent Southern dishes and her liberal use of butter without pause to any concerns about health. "I really don't worry about it," she told a reporter in one interview. Yet with increasing concern over America's obesity epidemic, her push for exceedingly rich foods has faced more than a few tough questions.
"You know, we don't eat this [stuff] every day," she said, defending herself to an unconvinced Barbara Walters in 2009. Her mantra of licking the bacon grease spoon — in moderation, of course! — has faltered. Even the Cooking Channel's admitting to that, with the debut of Not My Mama's Meals, with a lighter, healthier bent on Paula Deen dishes.
And so it comes full circle. The expected announcement is bleak, yet clear: nobody, even a personality with rock-star status like Paula Deen, is immune to health consequences. It's time to face the reality that we can't routinely succumb to indulgences, even if they're "in moderation." With almond milk and quinoa flying off shelves, we're finally starting to realize that you
can't have red velvet cake every day. Maybe once a week — if you eat a bit of kale on the side, too.


I usually advise companies to authorize around 10 to 15 million shares of common stock. Around 8 or 9 million shares are issued to founders with a 1 million to 2 million share option pool, for a fully-diluted base of around 10 million shares. The remaining authorized but unissued shares are a reserve in the event more shares need to be issued.
From a purely mathematical perspective, it doesn’t matter whether there are 1 million or 10 million fully-diluted shares. However, when companies are granting options to new employees, even the smartest engineers feel better receiving options to purchase 100,000 shares as opposed to 10,000 shares, even if it represents the same percentage ownership of the company.
Assuming a $15/share IPO price and dilution due to financings, 20 million shares outstanding will result in a $300M market cap, which is about the minimum size necessary to complete a successful IPO. This avoids having to do a reverse or forward stock split at the time of an IPO.


Rasha S. Abdul Wahab, Ahlia University, Kingdom of Bahrain Purpose: This paper highlights the importance of using data mining in sustaining development in GCC countries by showing the abilities of data mining techniques of enhancing and improving the discovered knowledge. Design/methodology/approach: This paper studies the role of data mining techniques to support the creation of scientific capacity to reduce digital divide and accelerate the process of sustaining development. This will help making predictions about future trends using both historical and current data and allowing decision makers and policy makers to make effective knowledge based policies. Findings: The paper is concluded with the impact of data mining techniques on future development in GCC countries which have been proved based on the current potential for knowledge creation driven by data mining in the different arenas. Keywords: Knowledge; Data Mining; GCC Countries; Development; Information


“Literacy is freedom and everyone has something significant to say.” –Jimmy Santiago Baca
Fusing Jimmy Santiago Baca’s talents as a writer of memoir with ReLeah Cossett Lent’s expertise in building and empowering classroom communities, Adolescents on the Edge offers a completely new approach to reaching at-risk adolescents. Centered around conflicts and life-altering choices, Baca’s gripping personal narratives–delivered through short stories and live-from-the-classroom videos–will resonate with students and provide rich opportunities for them to reflect on their own decision making. Through these stories and their accompanying activities, students witness the power of literacy and learn that their power, too, lives in the words they speak, write, and share with others.


The impact of wage increases on job satisfaction is explored theoretically and empirically. To do this, we apply a utility function that rises with the absolute wage level as well as with wage increases. It is shown that when employees can influence their wages by exerting effort, myopic utility maximization directly implies increasing and concave shaped wage profiles. Furthermore, employees get unhappier over time staying on a certain job although wages increase. Using data from 19 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel we find empirical support for both the form of the utility function and the decreasing job satisfaction patterns.


Radioactivity and scrap: Time to share the burden
The melting of metals containing a radioactive source can have devastating health, environmental and financial implications. But according to leading lights within the recycling industry, scrap processors do not receive adequate support from governments, among others, in tackling this monumental challenge. The industry’s concerns were highlighted at a workshop dedicated to the subject at the BIR world recycling body’s recent Autumn Convention in Düsseldorf, Germany.


This week, under the guise of seeking a just peace for all, the American Studies Association voted to join the BDS (Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions) movement boycotting Israel’s academic institutions, faculty, students, and research. How can this organization preach peace while also severing ties with one of the key parties in that very peace process?
The Israel-Palestine conflict cannot be a zero sum game. Seekers of a true and lasting peace are cognizant of this and have constructively directed their efforts, working hard toward ensuring that both the Palestinians and the Israelis are afforded maximum opportunity to succeed – academically and economically.
Canadians are natural peacekeepers and appreciate the complexity of a peace process. Canadians understand that the most effective path forward in any peace process is to develop – not suppress – the positive elements of each party sitting around the negotiating table. Weakening Israel’s academic infrastructure therefore flies in the face of an honest peace process. The ASA’s stance and the BDS movement undermine the peace process.
Only when children on both sides are given full potential for growth, in security, will a true, lasting peace be on the horizon. Like Canada, agencies and organizations should all work to strengthen the two sides, not weaken them.


Making a child's lunch saves you a lot of money compared to purchasing the meal at school. Or does it? If you are not watching yourself, you could spend more per meal than the price of the school lunch. You want your kid to eat healthy, have variety, and not break your pocket book. Here are a few suggestions that can help you feed your children good food at a low cost. keep reading →


Monday, August 20, 2012
In the ongoing listserv discussion about the Yale post, Ralph Brill wrote that many doctrinal professors do not know what legal writing professors do. We may be pigeonholed as simply teaching grammar, when actually we spend little or no classroom time on that topic. Over on the Legal Skills Prof Blog, Scott Fruehwald has posted a clear explanation of our work, emphasizing that we teach students legal analysis and how to express it effectively to readers. Numerous articles and studies, including a study of judges' views, have emphasized the key importance of those skills in the legal profession.
(jdf)
http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/legalwriting/2012/08/what-do-legal-writing-professors-do.html


Novel mechanisms of tube-size regulation revealed by the Drosophila trachea First Online: Received: Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1673-z
Cite this article as: Zuo, L., Iordanou, E., Chandran, R.R. et al. Cell Tissue Res (2013) 354: 343. doi:10.1007/s00441-013-1673-z Citations 519 Downloads Abstract
The size of various tubes within tubular organs such as the lung, vascular system and kidney must be finely tuned for the optimal delivery of gases, nutrients, waste and cells within the entire organism. Aberrant tube sizes lead to devastating human illnesses, such as polycystic kidney disease, fibrocystic breast disease, pancreatic cystic neoplasm and thyroid nodules. However, the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for tube-size regulation have yet to be fully understood. Therefore, no effective treatments are available for disorders caused by tube-size defects. Recently, the
Drosophila tracheal system has emerged as an excellent in vivo model to explore the fundamental mechanisms of tube-size regulation. Here, we discuss the role of the apical luminal matrix, cell polarity and signaling pathways in regulating tube size in Drosophila trachea. Previous studies of the Drosophila tracheal system have provided general insights into epithelial tube morphogenesis. Mechanisms that regulate tube size in Drosophila trachea could be well conserved in mammalian tubular organs. This knowledge should greatly aid our understanding of tubular organogenesis in vertebrates and potentially lead to new avenues for the treatment of human disease caused by tube-size defects. KeywordsTracheaTube sizeLuminal matrixApical secretionCell polarityEndocytosis Drosophila


This study evaluated the expression of
FGF7, AhR (show AHR ELISA Kits), and CYP1A1 (show CYP1A1 ELISA Kits) in colorectal cancer cells and revealed a new mechanism by which KGF promotes cell proliferation through the AhR (show AHR ELISA Kits)- cyclin D1 (show CCND1 ELISA Kits) pathway in colon cancer cells.
KGF expression induced epithelial cell proliferation, reaching a peak level at day 4 and then decreased later, while in the long-term model, KGF expression in the EAC (show CYLD ELISA Kits) led to middle ear cholesteatoma formation
In the current study, conditioned media and chemically defined media with recombinant human
keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) could induce hUC (show ELAVL3 ELISA Kits)- MSC (show MSC ELISA Kits) differentiation into sweat gland-like cells (SGCs).
Coexpression of
KGF and MMP-9 (show MMP9 ELISA Kits) in gastric cancer could be a useful prognostic factor, and MMP-9 (show MMP9 ELISA Kits) might also serve as a novel target for both prognostic prediction and therapeutics.
FGF7 over expression is associated with advanced clinical features in patients with upper tract and bladder urothelial carcinoma
Data indicate the key roles played, on the melanosome transfer in normal skin, by
KGF/FGF7 released by dermal fibroblasts and by its receptor KGFR (show FGFR2 ELISA Kits)/FGFR2b expressed and activated on the epidermal keratinocytes.
First evidence of a role of
FGF7 in the regulation of sequential steps of the autophagic process and strengthen the hypothesis of a direct interplay between autophagy and differentiation.
An SNP in
FGF7 is associated with an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
These findings indicate that topically delivered
KGF-1 DNA plasmid can increase epithelial thickness and strength, demonstrating the potential of this approach to restore compromised skin.
Recombinant
keratinocyte growth factor 1 in tobacco potentially promotes wound healing in diabetic rats.


Hugh Hammond Bennett
Hugh Hammond Bennett, a native of Anson County, received many awards and honors for his lifetime dedication to protecting and conserving soil and water resources for future generations. In Bennett's time, he observed the effects of the Dust Bowl on farmland and believed the farming practices of the day, combined with geographic features of the land, were contributing to the severe soil erosion being seen across the plains.
Bennett's tireless efforts led to the creation of the federal government's Soil Erosion Service in 1933. Bennett served as director of that agency until he retired in 1951. SES was reorganized under the U.S. Department of Agriculture and renamed the Soil Conservation Service in 1935. Today, the organization is known as the Natural Resources Conservation Service.
In 1937, with encouragement from Bennett, President Franklin Roosevelt sent legislation to the nation's governors urging them to establish soil conservation districts. On Aug. 4, 1937, the Brown Creek Soil Conservation District in North Carolina became the first district in the country. Districts were initially created around bodies of water, streams, creeks or watersheds. This district included Anson County, Hammond's birthplace.
Bennett's ongoing work also resulted in funding for USDA to establish numerous soil erosion experiment stations, where staff could demonstrate techniques to farmers, but also continue to experiment and learn about different techniques to control soil erosion.
Highlights Born in Anson County April 15, 1881. Often referred to as the "Father of Soil Conservation." Was graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1903 with a degree in soil chemistry. First job was as a soil surveyor with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, where he conducted soil studies Co-writer of "Soil Erosion: A National Menace" in 1928. Charter inductee in USDA Hall of Heroes in 2000; other charter inductees were George Washington Carver, former U.S. Senator Bob Dole and Smokey Bear. Inducted in the N.C. Agricultural Hall of Fame in 1967. Bennett's papers are housed in the Southern Historical Collection of Wilson Library at UNC-Chapel Hill.


The purpose of our Lamaze childbirth preparation classes is to provide:
Education to enhance the well-being of expectant parents;
Education to increase involvement in the childbearing process; and
Anticipatory guidance for becoming new parents.
Lamaze achieves this purpose by introducing breathing/relaxation techniques and comfort measures/coping strategies to improve the childbearing experience;
providing anticipatory guidance to enhance the well-being and safety of the mother and baby; encouraging bonding between the expectant mother, her partner, family and the newborn; providing options for the expectant mother/her coach in selecting their preferences for childbearing (a birthing plan); promoting positive interaction and communication between the patient/family and their healthcare providers; encouraging the development of parenting skills and providing support and guidance in the ongoing adjustment to the role of parenting.
Expectant parents in their last trimester of pregnancy (around 28 weeks or more), including all Queens Health Network clients and staff, are encouraged to attend the Lamaze classes.
The program consists of a series of five classes and is scheduled throughout the year. Classes are located on the fifth floor of the Main Building at Queens Hospital Center, in Room A540.
There is no fee to participate.
For further information, contact class instructor
Annabelle White, BA, RN, IBCLC, CPCE, at (718) 883-3502, or your healthcare provider at your clinic.


Your email address will be used for Wildy’s marketing materials only. We will never give your email address to any third party.
Special Discounts for Pupils, Newly Called & Students
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This book evaluates and compares risk regulation and safety management for offshore oil and gas operations in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, and Australia. It provides an interdisciplinary approach with legal, technological, and sociological perspectives on efforts to assess and prevent major accidents and improve safety performance. Presented in three parts, it begins with a review of the factors involved in designing, implementing, and enforcing a regulatory regime for industrial safety. It then evaluates the four regimes exploring the contextual factors that influence their design and implementation, their reliance on industrial expertise and standards and the use of performance indicators. Finally the book assesses the resilience of the Norwegian regime, its capacity to keep pace with new technologies and emerging risks, respond to near miss incidents, encourage safety culture, incorporate vested rights of labor, and perform inspection and self-audit functions. This book is relevant for those in government, business, and academia, and anyone involved in offshore safety issues.


Difference between rich and poor countries
One in five of the world's population live in extreme poverty which is defined as
living on less than one dollar a day - not enough to meet your basis needs.
The resources of the world are not evening shared. A recent report showed that the richest 1% of people own 40% of the world's wealth.
All human beings have five basic needs and there are significant difference between how these needs are met between rich and poor countries.
1)
Food: in poor countries, food is scarce and expensive. In rich countries, it's cheap and abundant
2)
Water: in poor countries, water is often not on tap and is dirty, leading to disease.
3)
Education: In rich…


This is the first textbook that illustrates, step by step, how to practice evidence-based group work. As group workers are increasingly being held accountable to evaluate, monitor, and improve their practice, there are scant resources available that apply specifically to their practice.General books on evidence-based practie lack the rich material on group work organized for the first time in this one volume. Designed specifically as a supplement for undergraduate and graduate group work courses, the text is organized around the process and philosophy of evidence-based practice:formulating appropriate practice questions; searching for evidence; critically reviewing available evidence; applying the evidence with judgment, skill, and concern for the group members; and evaluating the outcomes achieved. The evidence-based group work framework teaches students how toskillfully apply best practices through practical learning activities, case examples, reserach designs, step-by-step guidelines and checklists, assessement tips, and detailed instructions for formulating questions and evaluating answers. It will be equally valuable as a handy reference forprofessionals eager to hne their practice skills.


November 19, 2008
Mark to Market valuation is useless and dangerous in an illiquid market.
It should be suspended immediately for a year or more while new rules that both protect investors and don't endanger the financial system are drawn up and enacted.
Unfortunately, this rule has greatly contributed to the ongoing destruction of our economy.
Thank you,
Peter Quigley


Human complex I is the most intricate membrane-bound enzyme known to date, and the dysfunction of this enzyme complex, especially the mitochondrially encoded subunits such as ND4L, has linked to a wide variety of mitochondrial diseases, including Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). Unfortunately, there is no specific and efficient therapy for treatment of diseases resulting from defects in the mitochondrial genome. Allotopic expression is a newly developed approach which has been considered to have the potential in conquering this challenging task. In this method, a mitochondrial gene is reengineered and expressed in the cytoplasm, and the resultant gene product is then imported back to mitochondria by the addition of mitochondrial targeting sequences (MTSs). In this study, we tested the possibility of applying this approach for human complex I ND4L subunit. We successfully designed and synthesized two transgenes, COX8MTSND4L and COX4MTSND4L, and used them in a tetracycline–inducible system for allotopic expression of ND4L by transient transfection. We demonstrated that the recoded ND4L transgene could be expressed by the addition of tetracycline, and this inducible system was also applicable to a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene for NDUFV2 (24k) subunit of human complex I. However, the two mitochondrial targeting sequences, COX8MTS and COX4MTS, we chose were unable to carry our targeted ND4L to the correct location in the mitochondria. The highly hydrophobic property of the ND4L may impede its mitochondrial import. We suggest that using other different MTSs, adopting 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) in the targeted transgene, looking for proteins which can stabilize the mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins or any combination of these three methods may improve the applicability of allotopic expression of ND4L.


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(For more background, please see: An Authoritarian Axis Rising?)
Once subtle in the making, we are watching the unfolding of a dramatic shift in international politics.
Why, we may ask, is this happening?
When the Soviet Union collapsed, no major power emerged to challenge the United States and the West. Simply put, for two decades policymakers failed to define a grand strategy to govern its foreign policy. Washington, in effect, enjoyed a “free ride” in conducting its foreign policy.
In moving from crisis to crisis without an overarching set of goals or principles to guide its policies, the U.S. and the West have lost strategic momentum. Simultaneously, a new bloc of states – an “authoritarian axis” – is gaining strategic momentum. Dangerously, this rival bloc is mounting serious geopolitical resistance to the West and altering the balance of power.
Recent matters only make this new alignment of states all the more clear. Recently, Russia and China vetoed a third UN Security Council Resolution to impose sanctions on Syria for attacks that have killed thousands of people. Due to axis coordination, Russia and China consented to another watered down UN resolution. A recent suicide attack on innocent civilians in Bulgaria, which U.S. official’s claim “had the characteristics of an attack by Hezbollah,” only points to Iranian involvement.
This rising concert – Russia, China, Iran, North Korea, Syria, and Venezuela, among other states–shows increasing evidence that their foreign policies are aligned, which is not to say perfect or near-perfect alignment.
Now, more than ever, the West must ask itself two simple questions: Has the axis put into practice a coherent, if still evolving, grand strategy, and will this create an effective counterweight to the U.S. and the West?
The answer is a resounding “yes.”
For the West to understand the gravity of this shift, we must consider what principles animate the axis grand strategy, its strengths and weaknesses, how effective it is, and can the West counteract it?
To be clear: the rise of the axis is the most momentous development – if not
the fundamental shift — in geopolitics in recent history. How well the West deals with the axis grand strategy will determine the tenor of world politics — whether peaceful or confrontational – for the next generation. General Principles of Axis Grand Strategy
In foreign policy, the authoritarian axis follows several unifying principles that produce highly coordinated policies. In practice, these policies provide the foundation for a unified grand strategy against the West.
First, axis states routinely oppose and resist the policies and actions of the U.S., the United Nations, and its allies. No better examples exist than their policies toward Syria or Iran. They actively resist the West whenever it moves against or otherwise seeks to restrain other axis states. Attempts to impose sanctions, whether against Iran or Syria, generate sustained opposition from the axis.
Second, the axis grand strategy aspires to undermine the values and influence of the West. Initially, its grand strategy organized opposition to U.S. policies, until President Putin redefined the axis grand strategy. Before a meeting in Moscow of Russian ambassadors, Putin pronounced in highly charged and provocative language the West’s decline. Warning that, “domestic socio-economic problems… are weakening the dominant role of the so-called historical West,” Putin’s strident words shifted the attack from the United States to a broad condemnation of the U.S. and the West.
In effect, Putin’s sharp criticism established the foundations for a more expansive grand strategy for the axis. The chairman of Russia’s Duma’s (parliament) International Affairs Committee, Aleksey Pushkov, joined the chorus, warning “we are in for a very hard year in Russia-U.S. relations.” It is time, he said, “to reset the reset.”
Putin’s criticism of the West signals a remarkable shift. Only several years ago, commentators hoped democracy would flower in Russia, Iran, and Syria – perhaps in China, too. Strategically, focusing on the West encourages states in the authoritarian axis to attack freedom and democracy, free markets, and human rights.
Third, the axis grand strategy, which is hostile to liberal political values, is dangerous precisely because it promotes and legitimizes authoritarianism. Such governments rightly fear that democracy, freedom, and liberty directly threaten their power. If this principle sounds counter-intuitive, recall that what all of these states share are highly repressive, authoritarian governments. These states also share, if we exclude China, totally dysfunctional command economies, which survive from revenues generated by oil and gas exports and military sales.
Fourth, the axis grand strategy, by actively opposing the West, seeks to encourage self-doubt, perhaps fear, in the West that it is, once again, under assault from authoritarianism. While it has been two decades since the West worried seriously about confrontation, the axis seeks to undermine the West’s confidence and sense of security by acting in unison to oppose, through overt and subtle means, the West’s values and policies. Regrettably, democracies are vulnerable when the public believes that some states conspire to undermine their values and institutions.
Fifth, the axis grand strategy works, aggressively when necessary, to protect its members. Directly put, the axis seeks to maintain the number of authoritarian states – at all costs. While we see more democracies today than at any time in history, the axis states likely understand how profoundly vulnerable they are to revolutions. Predictably, the axis grand strategy elevates the principle of preserving like-minded authoritarian states, while the West naturally wants to see more democracies.
Axis states may be optimistic that they can “grow” the number of authoritarian states – or at least maintain those already in the axis. The strategy of preventing the West from destroying authoritarian governments explains precisely why Russia, China, and Iran actively support Syria’s authoritarian government even when thousands of civilians are dying.
This logic works in the opposite direction. If the axis states can prevent the West from encouraging democratic opposition movements, say in Syria and Iran, the number of authoritarian states might increase. For example, without Russia’s political and economic support, Belarus likely would collapse and fall out of Moscow’s firm grip. If the axis could prevent the West from intervening in such states as Libya, where an opposition movement destroyed Libya’s authoritarian government, it could halt democratic revolutions.


Managing conflict between different departments in the workplace typically involves establishing better communication and promoting collaboration. Conflict inevitably occurs when two different groups have competing goals. Early intervention prevents minor arguments from escalating into a major problem. Any disagreement that disrupts the flow of work, impacts productivity or threatens employees needs attention.
Assessment
The first step in conflict resolution involves accurately assessing the situation. Before you attempt to mitigate the situation, conduct interviews with representatives in each department to establish the facts. Get each side to acknowledge a problem exists. By recognizing that each other’s concerns are important, you can help the departments work together and start the resolution process.
Focus
By aligning all departmental strategic objectives to the goals set for the company as a whole, you can avoid many interdepartmental conflicts. For example, two departments may compete for the same resources, such as employees, materials and funding. If one department’s actions don’t support executive leadership’s directives, encourage the department to re-evaluate its policies. To have a lasting effect, you need to recognize that people have emotional responses to workplace issues. Discourage emotional outbursts and attempt to face the problem head on. Focus on the problems, not the individuals in the department. Attempt to resolve personality conflicts separately from departmental or organizational disagreements.
Guidelines
Establish meeting guidelines and get participants to agree to adhere to these rules. By allowing everyone a chance to speak, permitting people to ask questions and encouraging an open dialog, you allow people from each department to understand other perspectives. Encourage participants to listen, paraphrase to indicate they know what was heard and focus on the fundamental issues. Promote teamwork and collaboration. After you resolve the immediate crisis, take steps to foster better operations by running team-building activities, such as off-site meetings, events or parties, to help people in different departments recognize the value each person has in contributing to achieving the company’s strategic goals.
Decisions
Designate one person to act as a facilitator in meetings, ideally a person from a neutral department. That person should review the information presented by each department, propose options and make a recommendation. Don’t delay making a decision. Keeping the departments in limbo prevents work from progressing. Communicate the decision by giving details about why the ruling makes sense and get commitment from each department to abide by the decision. For example, if one department requires the use of a conference room on an ongoing basis to conduct customer focus groups, publish the schedule and explain the reasons for dedicating the room to that department. At most companies, meetings with customers take priority over internal meetings, and once people in the other department recognize the benefits of improving revenue generation, they tend to accept allowances made to other departments, even if it represents an inconvenience to their own operations.
Photo Credits Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Getty Images


Nuclear SuperconductivityThe debate in October 1997 APS Newsbetween John Michael Williams and Stuart Pittel on "Nuclear Superconductivity" has lost sight completely of its basic physics and history. The term was first used by David Pines at the 1957 Rehovot Conference on Nuclear Structure to point out that the new BCS theory, which was at that time far from being accepted, might also apply to nuclei. It suggested that any weak attractive interaction will give rise to coherent many-body states for the particles near the Fermi surface and an energy gap in their excitation spectrum.
At the same 1957 conference Giulio Racah independently described the same physics for atoms and nuclei in group-theoretical language. The bottom line was clearly stated by John Bardeen at that time in explaining the difference between BCS and Bose condensation. Cooper pairs are not bosons; they are overlapping fermion pairs where the size of a given pair is much larger than the mean distance between pairs, and where the Pauli principle is crucial. I used these ideas of Bardeen and Racah in my quantum mechanics book to show the unity of physics between various fields, rather than nitpicking over minor differences, and attempted to urge others to follow the precedent set by David Pines in encouraging communications between different areas.
Harry J. Lipkin Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel
Editor: Barrett H. Ripin
©1995 - 2017, AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY APS encourages the redistribution of the materials included in this newspaper provided that attribution to the source is noted and the materials are not truncated or changed.


The financial strength ratings assigned to Lloyd’s by S&P, A.M. Best and Fitch have been relatively stable in the 15 years since the first rating was assigned. During this period, the (re)insurance industry and Lloyd’s itself have undergone dramatic change as they responded to the major challenges of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, devastating US and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes and other natural catastrophes that occurred across the globe. The softening casualty insurance market and the global financial crisis also caused difficulties during this time. The current Lloyd’s ratings assigned by each rating agency are at their original levels - a significant achievement given that most of Lloyd’s peers have failed to recover their pre-2001 ratings.
Standard & Poor’s
S&P’s “A+” financial strength rating was initially assigned in October 1997, and was downgraded by one notch to “A” in the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. S&P subsequently returned Lloyd’s to “A+” in 2007. The 2011 rating update, which carries a stable outlook, reflects Lloyd’s strong competitive position, operating performance, capitalization and financial flexibility. These positive factors are partly offset by relatively high utilization of reinsurance and letters of credit for capital support and inherent operating performance volatility. S&P also points out that Lloyd’s robust enterprise risk management framework supports its overall rating.
A.M. Best
A.M. Best’s “A” financial strength rating, initially assigned in October 1997, was downgraded by one notch to “A-” following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. It was subsequently returned to “A” in August 2004, reflecting Lloyd’s strong operating performance and improvements in risk management and prospective apitalization. The rating was most recently affirmed with a stable outlook in August 2011, when A.M. Best commented that the rating reflects Lloyd’s strong capitalization, good financial flexibility, catastrophe-affected operating performance and excellent global business profile.
Fitch Ratings
Fitch has rated the Lloyd’s Market on an interactive basis since the first debt issue in September 2004. In March 2007, the agency upgraded its Lloyd’s Insurer Financial Strength rating by one notch to “A+” with a stable outlook. In its August 2011 report, Fitch highlighted Lloyd’s resilience of earnings, the Performance Management Directorate’s market oversight, its significant financial flexibility and strong capitalization.


First published November 1, 1975 - More info
Incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into muscle proteins was studied in isolated rat hemidiaphragms. A mixture of three branched-chain amino acids (0.3 mM each) added to media containing glucose stimulated the incorporation of [14C]lysine into proteins. When tested separately, valine was ineffective, isoleucine was inhibitory, but 0.5 mM leucine increased the specific activity of muscle proteins during incubation with [14C]lysine or [14C]acetate in hemidiaphragms from fed or fasted rats incubated with or without insulin. Preincubation with 0.5 mM leucine increased the specific activity of muscle proteins during a subsequent 30- or 60-min incubation with [14C]lysine or [14C]pyruvate without leucine. Preincubation with other amino acids (glutamate, histidine, methionine, phenylalanine, or tryptophan) did not exert this effect. When hemidiaphragms were incubated with a mixture of amino acids at concentrations found in rat serum and a [14C]lysine tracer, the specific activity of muscle proteins increased when leucine in the medium was raised from 0.1 to 0.5 mM. Experiments with actinomycin D and cycloheximide suggested that neither RNA synthesis nor protein synthesis are required for the initiation of the leucine effect. Leucine was not effective when added after 1 h preincubation without leucine. The concentration of lysine in the tissue water of diaphragms decreased during incubation with 0.5 mM leucine in the presence or absence of cycloheximide, suggesting that leucine inhibited protein degradation. During incubation with [3h]tyrosine (0.35 mM) the addition of 0.5 mM leucine increased the specific activity of muscle proteins, while the specific activity of intracellular tyrosine remained constant and its concentration decreased, suggesting that leucine also promoted protein synthesis. The concentration of leucine in muscle cells or a compartment thereof may play a role in regulating the turnover of muscle proteins and influence the transition to negative nitrogen balance during fasting, uncontrolled diabetes, and the posttraumatic state. Leucine may play a pivotal role in the protein-sparing effect of amino aicds.


Proceedings of The Physiological Society
University of Cambridge (2008)
Proc Physiol Soc 11, PC105
Poster Communications
Distribution of Cx45 expression throughout the murine spinal cord
R. J. Chapman
1, A. E. King 1, S. Maxeiner 2, K. Willecke 2, J. Deuchars 1
1. Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. 2. Division of Molecular Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Gap junctions are clusters of connexin containing channels that are expressed in regions of apposing membranes in coupled cells (Evans & Martin, 2002). Characterisation of connexin expression within the CNS is vital to the ultimate functional understanding of gap junctions. To date, there are ~20 known isoforms of connexin proteins and about half of mammalian connexins are expressed in the central nervous system (Willecke
et al., 2002). Additionally, the neuronal connexin subtype, Cx45, has been found in α-motorneurons of the spinal ventral horn using in situ hybridization (Chang et al., 1999). Using Cx45-reporter mice expressing GFP (Maxeiner et al., 2003), we aimed to characterise the distribution of GFP-positive cells throughout the adult mouse spinal cord.
Animals anaesthetised deeply with sagatal (60mg.kg ip) were perfused trans-cardially with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and the spinal cords harvested. All procedures accord with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. 50μm transverse sections were cut of both thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. Sections were then incubated in either mouse anti-NeuN (1:1000, Chemicon) or mouse anti-GFAP (1:1000, Affinity) or biotinylated IB4 (1:100, Vector Labs), and chicken anti-GFP (1:1000, Invitrogen) at 4
oC for 12-36hrs. Anti-GFP was then visualised using Alexa 488-conjugated donkey anti-chicken (1:1000, Invitrogen). NeuN and GFAP were individually visualised using Alexa 555-conjugated donkey anti-mouse (1:1000, Invitrogen), and IB4 visualised with Strepdavidin Alexa 555 (1:100, Invitrogen).
The distribution of GFP-expressing cells was highly concentrated within laminae II/III in both thoracic and lumbar spinal dorsal horn (DH), with a few cells noted in lamina I. No cells expressing GFP were observed in the spinal ventral horn (cf. Chang
et al., 1999). The total number of cells expressing GFP in the lumbar DH was significantly higher than in the thoracic spinal DH (22.6±0.7 cells lumbar and 17.8±0.7 cells thoracic; t-test, P<0.001, n=3), and the number of cells expressed per 10μm 2 was also significantly higher (3.17±0.1 cells lumbar and 2.76±0.07 cells thoracic; t-test, P<0.05, n=3). Staining with isolectin B4 (IB4) revealed that GFP expressing cells within lamina III received close appositions from fibers originating from laminae I/II. The post-mitotic neuronal marker, NeuN, was found to co-localise with presumed Cx45-immunopositive neurons in the spinal DH laminae, but no co-localisation was observed with the glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP.
These data suggest a highly localised expression of this connexin protein which may potentially play a significant role in the processing of somatosensory and sensorimotor afferent information. Further studies are now required to determine the DH cell type expressing this Cx45 protein.
Where applicable, experiments conform with Society ethical requirements


UASC’s goal of achieving the lowest possible unit costs while delivering service excellence is supported by our recent global cooperation agreements with leading liner shipping companies. These co-operations deliver greater global reach, scale and service reliability without deploying additional tonnage, which would add capacity and disrupt supply and demand. In this way, UASC is delivering a smart but responsible expansion strategy.
UASC understands that more opportunities, better services and reliable transit times are expected in today’s challenging marketplace. Our partnerships with other carriers continue to enable service and cargo portfolio diversification, demonstrating UASC’s ongoing commitment to driving down costs, optimizing our networks and continuously improving the products we offer our customers.


Individuals should not put flour on a burn, as it is not an effective remedy and may make the situation worse, according to the Centre for Children's Burns & Trauma Research. They should also avoid placing butter, toothpaste, oil, moisturizers and other household products on a burn.Continue Reading
Holding the affected skin under cool, running water for 20 minutes hastens the healing of the burn while decreasing scarring, according to studies by the Centre for Children's Burns & Trauma Research. However, individuals should not put ice on a burn, which can potentially cause a cold burn. If no running water is available, the person can soak towels in cold water to place on the affected area, or they can dip the affected hand or foot in a tub of water. Individuals should only go to the hospital after running cold water over the burn, as the staff may not be able to attend to the injury immediately.
For first- and second-degree burns, individuals should wash the area with mild soap and water, being careful to leave blisters intact, according to Mayo Clinic. They should then apply an aloe gel or anesthetic cream to soothe pain and prevent dryness, loosely bandage the area with sterile gauze, and take an over-the-counter pain reliever if necessary.Learn more about Medications & Vitamins


MDhealth.com states that there are frequent reports that a fluttering in the stomach often occurs during situations involving stress and anxiety. The Daily Express also tells of stomach flutters being caused by a more rare case of advanced ovarian cancer.Continue Reading
MDhealth.com states that along with anxiety, pregnancy, maintaining a sedentary lifestyle with excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption, low blood sugar and vitamin deficiency, medication, digestive enzyme changes, stomach ulcers and eating greasy foods can also cause a nervous stomach that results in a fluttering sensation in the stomach. The Daily Express states that flutters in the stomach along with abdominal pain and nausea are signs of cancer.Learn more about Gastrointestinal Issues


Arnab Majumder, Clayton Petro, MD, Lijia Liu, MD, Mojtaba Fayezizadeh, MD, Kasim Aydogdu, MD, Yuri W Novitsky, MD, FACS. Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH Introduction: Despite advances in hernia surgery, mesh infection remains a significant challenge. Indications regarding repair after removal of a previously infected prosthesis remain unclear. Although patients in these circumstances may receive biologic implants or staged primary repair with deferred definitive reconstruction, neither may be ideal management. While various animal models have simulated contamination by direct inoculation of implants with bacteria, there remains a paucity in literature which truly simulates a field following mesh infection and removal. We aimed to develop a murine model to mimic this complex scenario to allow for further testing of various implants and coatings. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female CL57BL/6J mice underwent open implantation of a 0.7×0.7cm piece of polyester mesh in the dorsal-subcutaneous position. Wounds were closed and subsequently inoculated with 0.1mL of 104 GFP labeled MSSA. After two weeks the infected mesh was removed and the cavity was copiously irrigated with saline. Mice were split into four groups: with three groups receiving new polyester, polypropylene, and biologic mesh and remaining as non-mesh controls. Mice were survived for another two weeks and underwent necropsy. Gross infection was evaluated at two and four weeks. Tissue homogenization and direct plating to recover GFP MSSA was completed at four weeks. Results: At two weeks all mice were noted to have gross mesh infection. One animal died due to overwhelming infection and wound breakdown. At four weeks, 5/6 (83%) control mice who did not have a second mesh implantation had full clearance of their wounds. In contrast 9/9 (100%) mice with re-implantation of Parietex were noted to have pus and recovery of GFP MSSA on plating. This was also observed in 90% of mice with polypropylene mesh and 100% of those with biologic mesh. Conclusion: Our novel murine model demonstrates that mesh re-implantation after infected mesh removal results in infection of the newly placed prosthesis, regardless of the material characteristic or type. This model lays foundation for development and investigation of implants for treatment strategies following infected mesh removal.


Platelet CD40 Exacerbates Atherosclerosis by Transcellular Activation of Endothelial Cells and Leukocytes Abstract Objective—Beyond their eminent role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are recognized as mediators of inflammation. Platelet cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) ligand (CD40L and CD154) plays a key role in mediating platelet-induced inflammation in atherosclerosis. CD40, the receptor for CD40L, is present on platelets; however, the role of CD40 on this cell type is until now undefined. Approach and Results—We found that in both mice and humans, platelet CD40 mediates the formation of platelet–leukocyte aggregates and the release of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4. Leukocytes were also less prone to adhere to CD40-deficient thrombi. However, platelet CD40 was not involved in platelet aggregation. Injection of activated platelets isolated from Cd40 −/− Apoe −/− mice adhered less to the endothelium on injection into Apoe −/− mice when compared with CD40-sufficient platelets. Furthermore, lack of CD40 on injected platelets led to reduced leukocyte recruitment to the carotid artery as assayed by intravital microscopy. This was accompanied by a decrease in endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, VE-cadherin, and P-selectin expression. To investigate the effect of platelet CD40 in atherosclerosis, Apoe −/− mice received thrombin-activated Apoe −/− or Cd40 −/− Apoe −/− platelets every 5 days for 12 weeks, starting at the age of 17 weeks, when atherosclerotic plaques had already formed. When compared with mice that received Apoe −/− platelets, those receiving Cd40 −/− Apoe −/− platelets exhibited a >2-fold reduction in atherosclerosis. Plaques of mice receiving CD40-deficient platelets were less advanced, contained less macrophages, neutrophils, and collagen, and displayed smaller lipid cores. Conclusions—Platelet CD40 plays a crucial role in inflammation by stimulating leukocyte activation and recruitment and activation of endothelial cells, thereby promoting atherosclerosis. Received October 24, 2013. Accepted January 6, 2016. © 2016 American Heart Association, Inc.


If I had a nickel for every headline like this that ultimately failed, like the technology, to actually achieve the promise, I would be on a tropical beach sipping pina coladas:
“Glucose monitoring for diabetes made easy with a blood-less method” (link)
Technologies in development for less-invasive or non-invasive glucose monitoring are legion, and many are very promising, but you can’t fill out a deposit slip with these promises. Frequently, such alternatives are based on the premise of quantifying blood glucose by sensitively detecting glucose in other fluids (interstitial fluid, tears, saliva, urine, etc.) that do not require the use of lancets to draw blood. However, despite their sensitivity and other sophistication in detecting minute quantities of glucose, their “arm’s length” to actual blood glucose compounds the challenge by requiring that the test reproducibly correlate the sample values with actual, current blood glucose levels.
The challenge stands unanswered, while the burgeoning population of endlessly finger-pricked diabetics remains painfully unsatisfied.
As a practical reality, continuous blood glucose monitors like those from Dexcom and Medtronic offer far more to the diabetic population, not only by avoiding finger pricks but also by revealing the patterns in blood glucose levels over time as a result of activity, carbohydrate intake, insulin bolus, insulin basal rate, stress and countless other patient-specific determinants.


Ownership changes can complicate the tax filings of the average small business. Limited liability companies with multiple owners, known as members, can choose corporate or partnership taxation with the Internal Revenue Service. That choice determines the adjustments your company must make to its annual federal tax filings to account for the withdrawal of a member.
Independent Status
An LLC is formed under state laws and functions independently of its owners. The company is authorized to engage in many of the same activities as an individual, including owning property, entering into contracts, hiring employees and filing tax returns under its own name. This legal independence allows the business entity to survive changes in ownership. Members typically can withdraw from the business at any time without ending the enterprise or disrupting operations.
Federal Tax Obligations
A multiple-member LLC must choose how it will pay federal incomes taxes by selecting taxation as a partnership or corporation. If you choose to have your LLC taxed as a partnership, it must file a partnership tax return on Form 1065 and provide each member with a Schedule K-1, indicating the member's share of the company's profits and losses. If you choose corporate taxation for your LLC, it files Form 1120 and pays taxes on its profits at the applicable corporate tax rate. In either case, the company must file a tax return annually, according to the timetable associated with the ending of its fiscal year. Changes in ownership do not affect the company's obligation to file or the filing timetable. No new forms need to be submitted in the interim between the member's withdrawal and the tax return due date. However, you may need to provide additional information on the tax forms to reflect the change in ownership.
Changes in Ownership
If your LLC is taxed as a partnership, the withdrawal of a member from the business for tax purposes is reflected on Schedule K-1 of Form 1065. In this section, the LLC provides information on the company's ownership and allocates profits and losses to individual members. Each member receives a copy of the K-1 with his individual information on it. Checking the "Final K-1" box at the top of the form indicates that this will be the final K-1 the member will receive for this business. LLCs taxed as corporations keep track of ownership changes using the company's accounting system and don't have to report changes on the company's 1120 tax return.
Filing Exceptions
The only scenario where you may be required to file different tax returns upon the withdrawal of a member is if the withdrawal changes your multiple-member LLC into a single-member LLC. Under IRS rules, single-member LLCs can't be taxed as partnerships. If this happens, you may be required to file a final partnership tax return for the business and file in the future as a disregarded entity or corporation, which are the two tax-filing options for LLCs with one owner.
Photo Credits Thinkstock Images/Stockbyte/Getty Images


If your AC is on and there's no cool air in your car then you may have a defective expansion valve.
Regarded by some as the "brain" of the car AC system, expansion valves lower the pressure from the refrigerant liquid allowing it to expand and become refrigerant vapour in the evaporator. Your car's blower circulates air across the cold evaporator and into the interior with the refrigerant recycled through the AC system. Too much of liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator, would mean that the evaporator would freeze, the condensing moisture leading to blocked air flow, which could burn out the blower motor. As a result the liquid refrigerant would remain liquid and potentially enter the compressor and damage the compressor leading to expensive repair bills. Show Less


It is important for project managers to define roles and responsibilities early on in the project to avoid confusion and resource issues later on. While there will always be individuals who roll on and off projects, some key project personnel should be committed to the project from the beginning and have the time to fulfill their responsibilities on the project.
These key roles include:
Team Leads (especially for larger projects). Team leads should be responsible for engaging their direct team reports on the project and reporting up to the project manager as to the status of their, and their team’s, assignments. Team members assigned to major tasks in the project plan. These may or may not be team leads. These team members may work with others to accomplish sub-tasks/activities for each major task component, but are ultimately responsible for ensuring the work on their component of the project is completed. Technical team members/team leads (especially for IT-focused projects). These individuals will be primarily responsible for technical project components and should be selected based on their expertise and knowledge of the technology. They will be needed for problem solving on the project. Stakeholder support committee members. These individuals are not working on the day-to-day work of the project but provide a connection between the project team and the end users/stakeholders of the project. They help with communications and sharing information between the project team and the stakeholder pool. They are especially essential for larger initiatives. Vendor points of contact. For larger initiatives with multiple vendors, it is wise to have team members who provide the primary point of contact with the vendor. Project sponsor. The project sponsor has a key role on the team! While (s)he is likely not doing the day-to-day work of the project, her/his responsibility is to provide a point of contact to the executive team for the project manager and ensure that resources and funding are committed to the project. The project sponsor also clears barriers encountered so that the team can accomplish the objectives of the project. Risk leads. For larger projects with more identified risks that will need to be managed, consider individuals fulfilling the role of “risk lead.” These individuals will be responsible for monitoring for that risk and managing it should it occur.
I am sure you can add to this list! What other key project team roles do you see on your own projects?


The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has referred to sports-related concussions as an 'epidemic.' Emergency department visits for concussions have increased 62% between 2001 and 2009. Despite the lack of data regarding the rates of concussions in youth football (children aged 8-12 years), concerns have been raised about the sport being dangerous for this age group.
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In a new study scheduled for publication in
The Journal of Pediatrics, researchers analyzed the incidence rates of concussion in youth football players in this age group and found a significantly higher incidence during games compared to practice sessions.
AdvertisementAnthony P. Kontos, PhD, and colleagues from the University of Pittsburgh and Cornell University studied 468 participants, 8-12 years of age, from 4 youth tackle football leagues, consisting of 18 teams. Player exposures were recorded for both games and practices. There were 11,338 total player exposures during the study period, with 20 medically-diagnosed concussions involving 20 different participants; 2 concussions occurred during practice and 18 occurred during games. Players aged 11-12 years were almost 3 times more likely to have a concussion than players aged 8-10 years. The majority of concussions involved helmet-to-helmet contact, and 95% involved players in skilled positions (e.g., running back, quarterback, linebacker). The incidence rate during games was approximately 2 times higher than previously reported, whereas the practice rate was comparable or even lower than previous findings. Overall, players were 26 times more likely to suffer a concussion in a game than in practice.
In the US, approximately 3 million youth participate in tackle football. In light of concerns regarding concussions, Pop Warner, the largest organized league with 425,000 participants, recently limited contact practice time to reduce concussions. However, contact practice time is when proper tackling technique can be taught and reinforced in a controlled environment. According to Dr. Kontos, "Limiting contact practice in youth football may not only have little effect on reducing concussions, but may instead actually increase the incidence of concussions in games via reduced time learning proper tackling in practice." A better approach to reducing concussions in youth football may be to focus on awareness and education among youth football administrators, coaches, parents, and players.
Source: Eurekalert
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Researching Dyslexia in Multilingual Settings Diverse Perspectives Edited by: Deirdre Martin Format: Paperback - 200 pages ISBN: 9781783090648 Published: 04 Oct 2013 Publisher: Multilingual Matters Dimensions: 234 x 156 Availability: Available
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This volume draws together current research on dyslexia and literacy in multilingual settings across disciplines and methodologies. The contributors, all internationally recognised in the field, address developmental and acquired literacy difficulties and dyslexia in a range of language contexts including EAL/EFL. The book uses theories and analytical frameworks of a critical nature to reveal prejudicial social practices, and suggests future research directions towards a critical re-consideration of current understandings of dyslexia in multilingual settings, with a view to foregrounding the potential for interdisciplinarity. The book also suggests ways forward for evidence-informed practice, and it will be a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners and students alike.
Research into reading disability has tended to focus rather too heavily upon the English language. This book offers a valuable corrective that will be of significant interest to all those who seek to understand the problems of those who struggle to read.
- Julian Elliott, Durham University, UK
This volume constitutes a refreshing and valuable multidisciplinary contribution to the existing literature at the nexus of three intersecting fields: Literacy Studies, Multilingual Studies and the dichotomized field that focuses dyslexia. The contributions in the volume have relevance for both the fields themselves, but also for institutions like schools and work places.
- Sangeeta Bagga-Gupta,
Deirdre Martin is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Education, University of Birmingham, UK. Her research interests include speech, language and literacy disabilities in multilingual contexts, research methods and the relationship between research and professional practice. Her publications include Language Disabilities in Cultural and Linguistic Diversity (2009, Multilingual Matters).


The aftermath effect and the nutrient-cadaver tendencies of these commercial medicines are evident and are indicated in their respective precautionary tag. Bearing this parameter in mind, the trust of people in commercial medicine in dealing with common diseases was shaken, opting them to seek alternative ways. The result was the re-introduction of traditional/ alternative medicine, a practice long been disregarded but with proven result.
The study was geared toward creating herbal medicine in dealing with common children parasite (worms to be exact), with the same effect as that of commercially-available Dewormer. The study will focus on the use of Ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), a common plant use as perimeter barricade; and honey, disaccharide from bees. This study aims to establish the efficacy of the resulting concoction in reducing if not totally eradicating parasites in children.
The objective of regular deworming is to get rid of existing infections or to lower worm burden. Children may be re-infected after a short time. The intention of Honey-Ipil-Ipil Concoction Dewormer is to control the level of infection and keep the worm burden of infected individuals below the threshold that causes significant morbidity without spending a single penny. The seeds of Ipil-Ipil will be dried and then powdered. The powdered Ipil-Ipil seeds will be mixed with honey followed by half a glass of water, taken as a single dose after a meal. This shall be repeated after a week...


Tait ensures its products meet regulatory compliance in the markets in which they are offered.
Radio equipment needs to comply with mandated radio performance standards to ensure efficient use of the radio spectrum, which is in great demand worldwide.
Regulatory compliance requirements vary widely between regulators, with several dimensions for any given product.New digital emissions are bringing a significant increase in compliance complexity. Also, standards are revised from time to time, requiring specific supplier action to maintain compliance.
Tait products generally hold a wide range of Type Approvals to national regulatory standards worldwide.
Tait has a dedicated team and comprehensive compliance database to manage this complex and demanding aspect of providing high-quality radio communications equipment on a global scale.


This toolkit includes evidence- and research-based practices, tools, and resources that educators, families, facilities, and community agencies can use to better support and improve the long-term outcomes for youth with disabilities in juvenile correctional facilities.
This brief aims to help individuals working in public school systems and secure-care educational settings understand four specific conditions for learning that are beneficial for students in, or at risk of entering, neglected or delinquent settings.