Free to Breathe and the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC) are pleased to announce our collaboration to promote molecular tumor mutation testing for lung cancer patients. The advancement of tumor testing has been recognized by the American Society of Clinical Oncology as one of the keys to developing effective personalized treatments for lung cancer. By understanding the incidence of mutations and other unique traits among different lung cancer tumors, we can better match patients with the specific treatments that are right for them.
The LCMC, formed by 16 cancer centers across the US, marks a clear step forward in making tumor testing available to non-small cell lung cancer patients. By reaching a large population of patients across the country, the LCMC is creating a unique national data set that may help doctors and researchers determine the frequency of certain mutations and explore opportunities for clinical trial enrollment. As we validate known mutations and identify new targets, we’ll build a more thorough understanding of what mutations exist and how to treat the cancers that arise due to them. The LCMC was initiated with funds available through the American Recovery & Reinvestment Act; with the expiration of these funds, Free to Breathe has assumed the leadership role in managing funds originating from the private sector to allow the LCMC to continue its critical work, expand its reach and enroll more patients.
For more information about the LCMC or to learn about the centers involved, visit www.golcmc.com.
©2017 Free To Breathe | All rights reserved. | Federal tax exempt ID number: 45-0505050.


Thank you for contacting me to share your support for labeling genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and agriculture. I share your support, and I appreciate hearing from you.Americans have a right to know what is in the food they buy and feed to their families. Labeling GMO products is a commonsense way to bring transparency to consumers, so they can make informed decisions about their food. That is why I am an original cosponsor of the Genetically Engineered Food Right-to-Know Act (S. 511).
You can click on the video link below to hear more about why I support labeling GMO foods, and how I’m fighting to protect the rights of consumers and opposing the Safe and Accurate Food Labeling Act (H.R. 1599), commonly referred to as the DARK Act.


Posted on 11 Jul 2013 by Neilson
Fundamentals in the workers' compensation insurance market have been steadily improving and should continue to lead to robust revenue growth, according to Fitch Ratings. Following a long period of declining premium rates, workers' compensation pricing has increased for two consecutive years with little sign that pricing trends will reverse in the near term.
Workers' compensation is the largest segment of all U.S. commercial lines, representing 18% of property/casualty industry commercial lines net written premiums in 2012. Workers' compensation has been the worst performing major commercial lines segment for some time. However, the 2012 industry aggregate segment combined ratio improved to 110% from 117% in the prior year. Fitch projects a 105% workers' compensation calendar year combined ratio in 2013.
In response to growing underwriting losses and pressure on profitability from lower investment yields, the broader commercial lines insurance market entered a hardening underwriting cycle phase in mid-2011. Premium rate increases have continued in the first half of 2013 and appear sustainable through the end of the year. Willis North America, Inc.'s most recent Marketplace Realities report predicts that workers' compensation rates will rise 2.5%-10% in 2013, with more than 20% increases projected in the underperforming California market.
Fitch notes that workers' compensation claims costs are influenced greatly by medical cost factors that tend to expand at a higher rate than general inflation. Healthcare costs in 2012 were a bit more stable than historical patterns, but sustainability of this trend is questionable given pending implementation of healthcare reform in the U.S. A return to economic stability is promoting a return to declining claims frequency trends.
Loss reserves in the workers' compensation segment have developed adversely for four consecutive years. Fitch's analysis suggests that the industry's loss reserve position in workers' compensation remains inadequate.
Given the prominence of workers' compensation as a percentage of many insurers' books of business, continued market hardening and underwriting improvements promote earnings stability that is viewed favorably from a credit perspective. Reductions in workers' compensation loss reserve deficiencies would also contribute to stability of insurer ratings at current levels.


Whether we are faculty, higher ed administrators, college publishers, digital platform providers, or campus bookstores, ultimately our success is dependent on student success. We've seen the positive impact affordable and readily accessible course materials has on academic achievement, and that the high cost of course materials presents real barriers to academic achievement.
Our solution? Connect students with discounted eTextbooks, custom, published content and other digital course materials through integrations across campus systems, also known as RedShelf Inclusive. Our inclusive access program equips up to 100% of students and faculty with required materials before the start of classes and provides intuitive teaching and learning tools to help drive student success in the classroom.
Need a reason to go inclusive? We'll give you four.
1. AFFORDABILITY
We work with leading industry publishers to offer discounted course materials in multiple durations that are “below competitive market rates” as required by the U.S. Department of Education. The result? Students save money; campus stores become the central hub for digital content delivery and gain up to 100% sell-through. In fact, schools using RedShelf's inclusive program during Fall 2016 saved an average of 39% off the standard digital price and 64% off the new print price of textbooks.
2. ACCESSIBILITY
We are compliant with ADA and Section 508, giving all students access to digital content that suits their learning needs. Our website and eReader have information that's clearly readable and easy to navigate. Additionally, we created an Accessible Reader intended specifically for users who require enhanced accessibility functionality.
Schools can leverage the RedShelf catalog to provide access to all content, to every student, on any device. Our platform integrates directly with the campus Learning Management System (LMS) or a store branded 'My Shelf,' allowing for single sign-on access and direct linking to additional content.
3. ACHIEVEMENT
Navigation, tools and our reading experience are optimized to focus on students needs. Our study tools, including the ability to create and annotate flashcards, highlight content in multiple colors, and create personalized student guides, promote interaction with the content. Faculty benefits from the collaboration feature which encourages professor and student interaction through sharing of notes and annotations in group sessions.
4. ANALYTICS
Analytics allow faculty and institutions to analytics student performance versus eBooks usage metrics at the individual, section, course, and institutional level. Usage data includes reading time, pages read, and annotations at the chapter and page level, helping faculty and administrators identify at-risk students.
Ready to get started? Reach out to sales@redshelf.com, and we'll connect you with a dedicated account representative.


When employers interview unionized employees about potential misconduct, they have the right to a union steward. But do non-unionized employees, such as those employed by most small businesses, have similar rights? A 2000 National Labor Board Review decision determined that non-unionized employees have the right to request the presence of a co-worker at disciplinary interviews.
Investigative Meeting
As of July 2011, if an employer is meeting with an employee to discuss a situation and determine whether disciplinary action against the employee is warranted, the employee has the right to have a co-worker present. However, if the purpose of the meeting is solely to inform the employee of disciplinary action, the employee does not have the right to have a co-worker present. For example, an employee may request a co-worker's presence in a meeting discussing discrepancies in his time card, but not at a meeting in which his employer simply plans to suspend him due to the discrepancies.
Request Requirement
A non-union employee must request the presence of a co-worker to take advantage of this right. As of July 2011, employers are not obliged to invite co-workers or to ask employees if they want to have a co-worker present. If the employee does not request the presence of a co-worker, she cannot then sue the employer for failure to allow her to have one present at a meeting.
Employer Refusal
Employers have the right to refuse a meeting prior to handing down discipline if an employee insists on having a co-worker present. However, if an employer takes this route, she must discipline the employee without an investigation of the issue. This is a risky strategy because if the employee sues for wrongful termination or discrimination, the courts may be more likely to favor the employee.
Waiver
If an employee requests a co-worker's presence at a disciplinary meeting, she must sign a waiver stating that she requested and agreed to the co-worker's presence. This waiver states that the employee waived her right to privacy regarding disciplinary meetings so that she cannot later object that she did not receive enough privacy during the meeting, particularly if it does not go the way she wants it to.
McDermott, Will and Emery; Non-Union Workers Entitled to Have Co-Worker Present During Disciplinary Meetings; July 2000 Butera Law: Can Non-Union Employees Have Co-Worker Present for Investigatory Interview? Labor Information Service; Beware -- Court Holds That Nonunion Employees Have Right To Have Co-Worker Present During Disciplinary Interviews; January 2002 Photo Credits Digital Vision./Photodisc/Getty Images


A pet obesity epidemic is under way in the U.S., according to the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention, which reports that some 88 million U.S. cats and dogs are overweight or obese. Veterinarian Ernie Ward, the organization's founder, says owners do not understand animals' caloric intake requirements, tend to overfeed and under-exercise pets and would benefit from clearer food labels. "The public perception today is that a fat cat is a healthy cat," Dr. Ward said. "But we must bust that myth. It's what's killing our pets and costing untold dollars."


Former Secretary of State Warren Christopher once wrote about hurtling down a two-land road at sixty miles an hour and catching the eye of a driver passing in the opposite direction at the same speed. He was struck by how, at that moment, he had placed his life in the other driver’s good faith and attention not to cross two lines of yellow paint and end his life, and how similarly, though they had never spoken a word to each other, the other driver had done the same. According to Christopher, this mundane yet wondrous moment of trust and interdependence, multiplied a million times over, was how the world works.
When I was eight years old, I went to summer camp. One day, some mix of envy, boredom, and shame led me jump into the deep end of the pool despite not knowing how to swim. I had enough of splashing around with six-year olds in the shallow end while the eight-year old boys were jumping off the diving board. I had had enough of playing with the ‘kiddies’. More accurately, I had had enough of being different and less than the boys my age. And so I walked over the deep end, held my breath, and jumped.
I can still recall how it feels to drown: the choking panic, the terror of swallowing of water while gasping for air. Even today, I see deep water and hear death. But as I sank, a small hand grabbed mine and pulled me up. Heaving on hot cement, retching water and unable to give thanks, I remember looking up and seeing a girl, my age, skinny with brown hair. She looked at me and then, almost embarrassingly, turned and ran away.
I often think of that nameless girl, her identity permanently lost to me. I wonder if she recalls summer camp and grabbing a drowning boy’s hand. Does she remember what she did twenty-four years ago? If so, I doubt she congratulates herself. Yet how many lives did she radically affect? My parents, their child not drowned in a pool a hundred miles away, immediately come to mind. How would their last twenty-four years have been if I had drowned in 1982? What other ripples has her act caused, as I live out my life?
Philosopher Martin Buber believed that God exists solely in the authentic connection between people. “All real living is meeting,” he wrote. A little girl gave me life twenty-four years ago. How could she not be God and her small act not be grace? Multiplied a million times over, people acting in ways both wondrous and mundane, we live in each other’s grace. This is how the world works. This I believe.
If you enjoyed this essay, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to This I Believe, Inc.


Rx-mediated resistance was analyzed in Rx-expressing transgenic Nicotiana plants. The infection outcome of nine Potato virus X isolates mutated at amino acid positions 121 and 127 of the coat protein (CP) confirmed the key role of these amino acids but provided a more complex picture than previously reported. In particular, in Rx-expressing Nicotiana spp., eliciting activity modulated by amino acid 121 was conditioned by the nature of amino acid 127. These results suggest that the specificity of recognition might be modulated by host factors that are somehow subtly modified between Rx-expressing potato and Rx-expressing transgenic Nicotiana plants. Moreover, the CP of three Potexviruses, Narcissus mosaic virus (NMV), White clover mosaic virus (WClMV), and Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), are all recognized by the Rx-based machinery and able to trigger an Rx-dependant hypersensitive response. A smaller elicitor of 90 amino acids was identified in the CP of NMV and WClMV, which contains the previously identified key positions 121 and 127. This elicitor is only weakly conserved (approximately 40% identity) among the CP of the various recognized viruses, suggesting that the Rx molecular machinery targets a conserved structural element of the Potexvirus CP rather than a conserved amino acid motif.


Do you worry about cholesterol and fat when you plan your meals? If you are longing for the good old days before you knew any better and could eat bacon and eggs to your heart's content (while unknowingly plugging vital arteries), Armour's Turkey Bacon is a 90-percent fat-free bacon made from cured dark turkey with natural smoke flavoring added. The 12-ounce package can be purchased for $1.89.
Kay Hadley: "We liked Turkey Bacon though it tastes more like ham than bacon. It really has no fat and sticks to the pan. It barely needs to be warmed. We definitely will purchase it again because bacon has become taboo at our house."Don Russell: "We liked this product. It is similar to turkey ham because it is very meaty; however, it has a baconlike flavor. Armour's product cooks down very little and has 40 calories a strip. We endorse it."
Doris Wilding: "We loved Turkey Bacon and have already purchased more. I don't feel it's a bacon substitute, but it's a good breakfast meat. I feel good about feeding a 90-percent fat-free product to my family. The texture reminds you of Sizzlean. It's a great breakfast meat."
Judy Slack: "We had a split vote on this one. One daughter hated, detested and threw her turkey bacon down the sink. But rest of us thought it was good. It didn't taste a lot like bacon, but it's a lot healthier for you. To heck with sink-dumper, she can go vegetarian! We'll buy this again."
Edyth Jensen: "We really enjoyed the Turkey Bacon. It didn't shrink like bacon and had good flavor. The only problem is it's quite expensive. It would be good for a breakfast meat if you're worried about cholesterol and fat."
Linda C. Tingey: "This was really good. I'm going to use it more often. Not only is this very good for you but it tastes great, too. My kids loved it and we're going to buy it again."
Conclusion: This low-fat product really fits the bill for those who love bacon but are worried about bacon's high fat content. Some of our testers suggested you not think of it as a bacon substitute but appreciate it as a good breakfast meat.
The Deseret News testing panel independently tests products purchased by the Deseret News. Readers with suggestions for products to be tested should contact the Today Section, Box 1257, Salt Lake City, UT 84110.


The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has reportedly affirmed a ruling that Spanish citrus growers must label their fruits when they have used chemicals or preservatives in post-harvest processing. Spain challenged the European Commission’s (EC’s) power to enact the rule, arguing the U.N. Economic Commission for Europe had set voluntary standards only. The lower court noted that even though the EC must consider U.N. standards, it is not required to adopt those guidelines, reasoning that the ECJ reportedly echoed in its ruling.
Spain also argued that the rule created an unconstitutional distinction between citrus growers and growers of other fruit, but the lower court found that citrus fruit is often subjected to higher levels of chemical processing and that citrus peels are used differently than the peels of other fruits and vegetables because they are often added to food for additional flavor.
See Wall Street Journal, March 3, 2016.


Ohio is one of 24 states that does not require voters to register with a particular party. This means there is no official record of voter party affiliation. However, the need for these voter files is diminishing, as 64% of the electorate are crossing lines when they vote.* Both of these factors underscore the need to understand the platforms and specific policy issues that determine how Ohioans will cast their vote.
Resonate took a deeper look at Ohio’s voters. Thirty-six percent report voting Democratic, 30% Republican, and 27% Swing (those who are willing to cross party lines at least some of the time).
We also looked at how these voters choose their candidates based on their platform positions; there are stark differences in the top issues for Democratic and Republican voters. Healthcare and job creation are tied for the top issue for Democratic voters, with 56% citing it as a key platform issue. They also look a candidate’s stance on entitlement programs (44%). Republicans are looking at government spending (60%), balanced budget (50%) and defense/military (41%). Swing Voters are focused on government spending (47%), job creation (45%) and healthcare (39%).
If either side is looking to win over “soft” voters from the other, they won’t do it based on social issues. Traditional marriage/gay rights remain hot button issues for both, as well as race/gender equality and pro-choice on the left and pro-life and 2
nd amendment rights on the right.
As campaigns consider this statewide data, they should also account for nuances within the congressional districts. We drilled down on OH-6 to take a closer look.
Voters within OH-6 skew slightly more Republican (31%) and Swing (28%). But unlike voters on the state level, there is one consistent consideration for voters: job creation. For Republican voters, it replaces military/defense issues. Education overtakes entitlement for Democratic voters. The top 3 platforms for Swing voting remain the same.


Genetic contribution to radiographic severity in osteoarthritis of the knee. Valdes AM., Doherty S., Muir KR., Zhang W., Maciewicz RA., Wheeler M., Arden N., Cooper C., Doherty M.
OBJECTIVE: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) has a significant genetic component. The authors have assessed the role of three variants reported to influence risk of knee OA with p<5×10-8 in determining patellofemoral and tibiofemoral Kellgren Lawrence (K/L) grade in knee OA cases. METHODS: 3474 knee OA cases with sky-line and weight-bearing antero-posterior x-rays of the knee were selected based on the presentation of K/L grade ≥2 at either the tibiofemoral or patellofemoral compartments for one or both knees. Patients belonging to three UK cohorts, were genotyped for rs143383, rs4730250 and rs11842874 mapping to the GDF5, COG5 and MCF2L genes, respectively. The association between tibiofemoral K/L grade and patellofemoral K/L grade was assessed after adjusting for age, gender and body mass index. RESULTS: No significant association was found between the rs4730250 and radiographic severity. The rs11842874 mapping to MCF2L was found to be nominally significantly associated with patellofemoral K/L grade as a quantitative trait (p=0.027) but not as a binary trait. The GDF5 single nucleotide polymorphism rs143383 was associated with tibiofemoral K/L grade (β=0.05 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.08) p=0.0011). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that within individuals affected by radiographic knee OA, OAGDF5 has a modest but significant effect on radiographic severity after adjustment for the major risk factors.


Our society has become increasingly mobile over the past several decades. As a result, parents often seek to relocate away from the other parent after custody has been determined. Such relocations can wreak havoc on family relationships.
Since the laws vary broadly, it is extremely important for a parent seeking to prevent relocation with children to know, understand and follow the detailed rules to prevent that relocation. If the custodial parent fails to follow the rules, it can often result in a change in custody. State laws often spell out requirements which may include:
A parent seeking to relocate must generally notify the other parent well in advance of a move. The timelines for that notification are specified in many state laws. Those same laws also provide specific instructions regarding the information that must be included in the notification. In states that require notification, the other parent may also usually file an objection to the relocation or file a Motion seeking to prevent the relocation
Yet other states require not only notification, but consent of the other parent to allow the move. In the event the both parents do not consent, often the parent seeking to relocate most bring a motion seeking permission of the court. This often would include a request for a change in custody.
Often state statutes spell out factors that a court must consider when determining whether to allow children to relocate away from one parent. Some factors courts consider when making determinations to allow or disallow a move include:
One truism is that if the Court allows the relocation, it often requires the party moving to pay more of the transportation costs related to visitation. This cost issue should be raised in any hearing as well as a request to change custody if the parent responsible for the transportation contemptuously fails to follow the court's orders. In the even the non-custodial parent does not prevail, a finding in that regard may change those fortunes if the moving parent fails to follow through on their obligations.
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Before the development of targeted therapies, administration of cytokines (e.g., interleukin-2, interferon-alpha) was the primary systemic treatment option for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Sorafenib, an oral targeted, multikinase inhibitor, significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival in the Treatment Approaches in Renal Cancer Global Evaluation Trial (TARGET), a large (N = 903) phase III, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma resistant to standard therapy. This analysis of a patient subgroup from TARGET evaluated the safety and efficacy of sorafenib in patients who had received prior cytokine therapy (sorafenib: n = 374; placebo: n = 368) and in patients who were cytokine-naïve (sorafenib: n = 77; placebo: n = 84). Progression-free survival was significantly prolonged with sorafenib therapy compared with placebo among patients with and without prior cytokine therapy (respectively 5.5 vs. 2.7 months; hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.64 and 5.8 vs. 2.8 months; hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.73). Clinical benefit rates for sorafenib-treated patients compared with placebo patients were also higher (cytokine-treated: 83 vs. 54.3%; cytokine-naïve: 85.7 vs. 56.0%). Sorafenib was well tolerated in both subgroups (grade 3/4: 20 and 22%, respectively). Sorafenib demonstrated a consistent, significant clinical benefit against advanced renal cell carcinoma, with a twofold improvement in progression-free survival and disease control rate, with similar toxicities in patients with or without prior cytokine treatment.


While the council's decision and the accident are in no way related, it seemed a tragic irony that we should be so quickly reminded of the dangers inherent in our custom of hurtling around in metal boxes. Going faster raises the risks. It's as simple as that.
Increasing speed limits makes me think of a psychology experiment I was involved with during college. Subjects were asked to look at a series of boxes and rate them by size, from 1 to 9. They weren't told, however, that there were only seven sizes of boxes.
As you may guess, the study participants ranked the boxes as if there were nine sizes anyway. The point of the experiment was to show that our minds adjust to a perceived reality, based on the information we are given.
So it is, I believe, with speed limits. Drivers will automatically adjust to the new, higher speed limits, using them as a benchmark for how fast they should go — even if prudence and good judgment dictate otherwise. And let's face it, most of us use speed limits as a minimum rather than as a maximum.
So I am proposing an experiment of my own.
I pledge that for the next month I will not exceed the speed limit.
Ever. Anywhere. For any reason.
If my son is late to school, I will not speed. If the movie started five minutes ago — and I hate, hate, hate missing the start of a film — I will not speed. If the guy behind me gives me the finger, I will not speed.
Join me.
I am asking — no, challenging — everyone reading this to take the pledge. For the next month, do your best to drive no faster than the speed limit.
I know it won't be easy. You might be late to work one day, and the temptation will be great. You might be the only one on the road, and you'll feel the urge to cheat. You might simply forget, or convince yourself that if other cars are going faster that it really isn't safe to stay within the limit. I'm routinely guilty of all the above.


Public key cryptography, invented in the 1970's, revolutionized the world of computation by displaying a tool-box that builds trust in authenticity and integrity of {\em data}, even when it is transmitted from unknown computers and relayed via untrusted and possibly corrupt intermediaries. A celebrated line of theoretical works dating back to the 1980's envisions a similar revolution, offering a level of trust in the integrity of arbitrary {\em computations} even when executed on untrusted and possibly malicious computers. A particularly surprising aspect of these results is {\em succinctness} which means that the running-time needed to verify a computation is only as costly as reading the program that describes it, even when this program is exponentially shorter in length than the computation's running time!
Common belief has been that it is impractical to build a truly succinct computational-integrity protocol. We challenge this conception by describing the first full-scale implementation of it. Our system compiles programs in standard C into succinctly-verifiable programs, with asymptotic parameters that match the best-possible bounds predicted by theory. Joint work with Alessandro Chiesa, Daniel Genkin and Eran Tromer.


Q. According to the 2008 National Electrical Code, electric drinking fountains installed in public buildings, such as schools, must meet which of the following requirements: Offer GFCI protection for personnel — Class A, 5mA (nominal) trip Can't be supplied with a hermetic compressor Offer GFCI protection only if it is located within 6 feet of a 15A or 20A, 125V single-phase receptacle outlet Offer GFPE protection — Class C, 30mA trip none of the above Answer: A
As per 422.1 and 422.52, ground-fault protection for personnel is required for electric drinking fountains. This requirement is not limited to cord-and-plug connected appliances, but also applies to direct-wired electric drinking fountains. It's important to note that phase and voltage are not specifically addressed in this new requirement. In other words, this rule does not specifically indicate an applied voltage of 125V, single-phase.
Owen is the owner and president of National Code Seminars and the holder of master electrician certifications in 46 states. He can be reached at necexpert@aol.com.


PURPOSE: Sleep is a fundamental biologic function. The circadian process organizes the sleep phases with the light and dark cycles. Activities that disrupt these biological processes, such as shift work, influence the development of sleep disorders. Objectives:1) To determine the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among air traffic controllers (ATC); 2) To determine the factors that contribute to the occurrence of EDS; 3) To determine the effect of shift work on the sleeping pattern of ATC. METHODS: This is a cross sectional, cohort study. ATC and communicators from the air traffic offices were given a self-administered questionnaire which included the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and questions on sleeping habits and patterns. RESULTS: 168 ATC and communicators participated in the study (46% response rate). Prevalence of EDS with an ESS score >10 was 63%. The degree of ESS scores is not significant across age and between males and females (Fisher’s exact=0.19, p < 0.05). There is a significant difference between the ESS scores of shiftworkers compared to those who worked fixed hours (Fisher’s exact=0.041, p < 0.0.5). There is no significant difference in the ESS scores of those who go on duty everyday compared to those who go on duty less frequently (γcoefficient=0.26). There is no significant difference between the ESS scores of those who go on <8 hour duties and those who go on 8, 12, 24 or >24 hours of duty. Common aids to sleep included watching television (56%),reading (45%), and internet surfing (5%). Common method to keep awake is drinking coffee (67%). CONCLUSION: EDS is common among shiftworkers and this is primarily brought about by disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle. Further studies are needed to evaluate current working practices and organization of shift work in the air traffic offices in the Philippines. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Air traffic controllers are exposed to the possible negative effects that bad work organization of shifts may have on on the cognitive function, psychomotor performance and health status and hence performance efficiency.
DISCLOSURE: Eleanor Dominguez, None.


ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether perinatal exposure to a moderate dose of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alters cortical gene expression and neurotransmission, leading to enduring cognitive dysfunctions in rat offspring. To this purpose, rat dams were treated, from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 9, with THC at a daily dose (5 mg/kg,
per os) devoid of overt signs of toxicity. THC did not influence reproduction parameters, whereas it caused subtle neurofunctional deficits in the adult offspring. Particularly, perinatal THC induced long-lasting alterations of cortical genes related to glutamatergic and noradrenergic systems, associated with a decrease in the cortical extracellular levels of both neurotransmitters. These alterations may account, at least in part, for the enduring cognitive impairment displayed by THC-exposed offspring. Taken together, the present results highlight how exposure to cannabinoids during early stages of brain development can lead to irreversible, subtle dysfunctions in the offspring.


Between Governing and Governance On the Emergence, Function and Form of Europe's Post-National Constellation
Edited by:
Poul F. Kjaer
This book explains the emergence and functioning of three forms of governance structures within the context of the European integration and constitutionalization process: comitology, (regulatory) agencies, and the Open Method of Co-ordination. The point of departure is the insight that the intergovernmental/supranational distinction, which most theories of European integration and constitutionalization rely on, has lost its strength. A new paradigm of EU research is therefore needed. Against this background, it is suggested that the distinction between governing and governance provides a more appropriate basis for analyzing the phenomenon of integration and constitutionalization in Europe. The distinction between governing and governance allows for an understanding of the EU as a hybrid consisting of a governing dimension, characterized by legal and organizational hierarchy, and a governance dimension which operates within a network form characterized by legal and organizational heterarchy. The function of governance structures is to ensure the embeddedness of the governing dimension in the wider society. Instead of representing contradictory developments, the two dimensions are therefore mutually constitutive in the sense that more governing implies more governance and vice versa. These theoretical insights are illustrated through two detailed case studies which respectively reconstruct the operational mode of the Open Method of Coordination within EU Research & Development Policy and the regulatory system for the EU chemicals market (REACH). The book is inter-disciplinary in nature and incorporates insights from law, political science, and sociology.
212 pages
Publication Date: 2/5/2010 Format: Cloth ISBN: 9781849460262


ERIC Number:ED457223 Record Type:RIE Publication Date:2001-Apr-12 Pages:11 Abstractor:N/A Reference Count:N/A ISBN:N/A ISSN:N/A
Creative Habits and the Meaning-Oriented Curriculum.
Mitchell, Mathew; Randolph, Karen
The connection between creativity and education was studied through interviews conducted by 2 interviewers with 53 creative individuals in northern California, selected because they had visibly recognized success in their fields and they were at least 35 years old. Both researchers developed a matrix of themes. There were 10 major themes that ran across the interviews in Researcher A's analysis. Six of these were explicitly predicted based on the writings of John Dewey. The analysis by Researcher B identified 3 major categories under which 14 specific themes were placed. The two approaches seemed to catch different themes, but the themes could be grouped into three major categories: (1) essential background (discipline); (2) habits of inquiry (engagement); and (3) supportive features (landscape). This initial analysis suggests that researchers may want to explore how to develop a curriculum that incorporates the toolbox of habits successful creative individuals have. (SLD)
Publication Type:Reports - Research; Speeches/Meeting Papers Education Level:N/A Audience:N/A Language:English Sponsor:N/A Authoring Institution:N/A Note:Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Seattle, WA, April 10-14, 2001). Session sponsored by John Dewey Society SIG.


In a recent study entitled “Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG
35-55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is ameliorated in interleukin-32 alpha transgenic mice,” a team of researchers investigated whether interleukin (IL)-32, a cytokine with an established role in rheumatoid arthritis, has a protective function in a mouse model of human multiple sclerosis (MS). The study was published in the journal . Oncotarget
MS is a neurological autoimmune disease characterized by immune destruction of the
myelin layer within nerve cells, leading to a wide range of neurological symptoms (affecting sensory, motor, autonomic, and neurocognitive functions) that usually manifests between the ages of 20 and 40 years old. Currently, MS affects approximately 350,000 individuals in the United States. IL-32 is a novel cytokine (cytokines are small proteins with key functions in cell signaling) expressed in a variety of human organs — including the spleen, thymus, leukocyte, lung, small intestine, colon, prostate, heart, placenta, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. IL-32 expression is increased in rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disorder, where its levels correlate with clinical and histological markers of the disease. The role of IL-32, however, on central nervous system injuries and demyelination is currently poorly understood.
In this new study, a team of researchers investigated how IL-32α may affect MS pathogenesis. To this end, they induced
in vivo experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental and widely accepted mouse model of MS, by injecting mice with encephalitogenic peptide, MOG 35-55. The same strategy was used in a transgenic mouse that overexpressed the human IL-32α protein ( IL-32α transgenic mice).
The team had previously shown that IL-32α mice showed reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines when compared to controls (non transgenic mice). The researchers then observed that EAE symptoms in terms of
paralysis severity and neuropathology in IL-32α transgenic mice were significantly reduced compared to non-transgenic controls. Further studies revealed that infiltration of immune cells, astrocytes/microglia activation (non-neuronal cells of the central nervous system with immune functions) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) levels in IL-32α transgenic mice spinal cord was suppressed, together with markers of spinal cord damage.
Findings from the study indicate that IL-32α may suppress EAE by inhibition of neuroinflammation in the spinal cord, suggesting IL-32α as a potential new therapeutic avenue on MS to be explored.


Portfolio
Students use the PLA portfolio development process to document their prior learning. This process requires students to prepare and submit a collection of documents that establish and support their claim that they have specific relevant skills, knowledge, values, attitudes, understandings, achievements, experiences, competencies, training, and certifications that align with specific course objectives. The portfolio developed in the documentation course should not only describe the relevant experience but should also identify the particular learning outcomes.
Students must also offer a critical self-assessment of what college-level learning has been acquired through selected non-traditional experience. This experience might include a variety of work, training, reading and research, civil and military service, or life learning.
Once students complete and submit the PLA portfolio, assessors will evaluate it to determine if the portfolio provides evidence which ties those skills to a specific course objective. If the portfolio does so, credit may be awarded when assessors determine that the prior learning is acceptable for credit. A separate portfolio must be prepared for each course for which a student is seeking credit.
Detailed information concerning Prior Learning Assessment through Portfolio development can be found in the PLA Student Handbook.


20-year-old man killed when struck by tree falling from tree-cutting machine.
Authors
New Jersey Department of Health
Source
NIOSH 2005 Mar; :1-6
Abstract
On February 9, 2004, a 20-year-old male landscaping worker was killed when he was struck by a falling tree. The victim worked for his father, the owner of a small landscaping business in New Jersey. On the day of the incident, the victim and several other workers were assigned to clear a plot of land that included many large pine trees. The victim's job was to mark and clean already felled trees, which included cutting branches and reducing the size of the logs (bucking). While the victim was cutting the branches with a chainsaw, a tree-cutting machine was being used approximately 60 feet away to cut and clear the standing trees on the plot. This tree-cutting machine, similar to a front-end loader, was fitted with a specialized attachment referred to as a feller-buncher. The feller-buncher clasps the tree in hydraulic jaws, cuts the tree at its base, and enables the cut tree to then be transported. The fatal injury occurred when a cut pine tree came loose from the tree-cutting machine and fell, striking the victim. NJ FACE investigators recommend following these safety guidelines to prevent similar incidents: 1. All ground crew should always maintain a safe distance of at least twice the height of the felled tree from its cut point. If this is not feasible, consider staggering job shifts. 2. All machines used at the work site should be maintained in serviceable condition. 3. A safety and health plan based on job hazard analysis should be developed and followed.
Keywords
Accident-analysis; Accident-potential; Accident-prevention; Accidents; Injuries; Injury-prevention; Safety-education; Safety-equipment; Safety-practices; Safety-measures; Traumatic-injuries; Region-2; Work-practices; Work-analysis; Work-areas; Work-intervals; Work-operations; Occupational-accidents; Occupational-hazards; Occupational-health-programs; Occupational-safety-programs; Safety-programs; Forestry-workers; Machine-operation
Document Type
Field Studies; Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation
Funding Type
Cooperative Agreement
NTIS Accession No.
PB2005-109929
Identifying No.
FACE-04NJ013; Cooperative-Agreement-Number-U60-CCU-207088; Cooperative-Agreement-Number-U60-OH-008345
Source Name
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Performing Organization
New Jersey Department of Health


Philip P Goodney, Brian W Nolan, Andres Schanzer, Jens Eldrup-Jorgensen, Andrew C Stanley, David H Stone, Donald S Likosky, Jack L Cronenwett
BACKGROUND: Using 30-day operative mortality reported with lower extremity bypass (LEB) in preoperative decision making may underestimate the actual death rate encountered before patients have truly recovered from surgery, especially in elderly, debilitated patients with significant tissue loss. Therefore, we examined preoperative, patient-level risk factors that predict survival within the first year following LEB. METHODS: Using our regional quality improvement initiative in 11 hospitals in Northern New England, we studied 2306 LEB procedures performed in 2031 patients between January 2003 and December 2007...
January 2010: Journal of Vascular Surgery


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Allicin, one of the main biologically active compounds derived from garlic, has been shown to exert various pharmacological activities and is considered to have therapeutic potential for many pathologic conditions. In the present study, we investigated the potential post-ischemic neuroprotective effects of allicin and its underlying mechanisms. Using a rat… (More)
The refractive status of 3,099 children was analyzed. The result showed that the incidence and degree of hyperopia decreased gradually and those of myopia increased along with the growing up of children in ametropia. In binocular refractive amblyopia, high and medium hyperopia and myopia in severe and medium amblyopia were significantly more than those in… (More)
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in innate and acquired immunity, but its role in radio-resistance is unknown. We used TLR4 knockout (KO,(-/-)) mice and gut commensal depletion methods, to test the influence of TLR4 and its' in vivo agonist on basal radio-resistance. We found that mice deficient in TLR4 were more susceptible to IR-induced… (More)
We previously found that genetic polymorphisms in gene coding for histamine H4 receptors were related to the risk and malignant degree of breast cancer. The roles of polymorphisms in other histamine-related genes, such as histidine decarboxylase (HDC), histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) and histamine H3 receptor (HRH3), remain unexplored. The aim of this… (More)
Pain caused by acute pulpitis (AP) is a common symptom in clinical settings. However, its underlying mechanisms have largely remained unknown. Using AP model, we demonstrated that dental injury caused severe pulp inflammation with up-regulated serum IL-1β. Assessment from head-withdrawal reflex thresholds (HWTs) and open-field test demonstrated nociceptive… (More)
Histamine receptor 3 (H3R) is expressed in various tumors and correlated with malignancy and tumor proliferation. However, the role of H3R in tumor invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unknown. Here, we explored the H3R in the highly invasive glioblastoma (GBM) and U87MG cells. We found that H3R mRNA and protein levels were… (More)
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Crash risks are particularly high under certain conditions, which include in the presence of teen passengers, at night, under the influence of alcohol and while using electronic devices. the effect of teenage passengers has been demonstrated with respect to teenage risky driving and crash risks, but it is not understood the extent to which this may be due to social influences on teenage drivers to drive faster and follow more closely. Teenage passengers may distract teenage drivers. This research seeks to determine the relative importance of perceived social norms and peer influence on teenage driving performance.


from Congressman Adam Kinzinger (IL-11) Washington, D.C. – Congressman Adam Kinzinger (IL-11) issued the following statement in support of the reauthorization of the three national security provisions in the PATRIOT Act which are set to expire on Thursday, May 26th. These provisions will be extended for an additional four years.
"As a military officer, I have seen the PATRIOT Act provide invaluable legal tools to detect, disrupt, and prevent potential terrorist plots. These legal tools have been available to investigators of organized crime and drug traffickers for years; surely they should be available for use against terrorists. We must have the authority to defend our nation from future attacks, while ensuring American's fundamental rights are protected under the Fourth Amendment.
"The PATRIOT Act has played an important role in disrupting potential attacks and keeping our country safe since 9/11. Three essential national security provisions of the PATRIOT Act are set to expire tonight; therefore Congress must act to ensure these constitutional and commonsense safeguards remain intact against potential terrorist attacks on U.S. soil.
"While the death of Osama bin Laden, the terrorist mastermind behind 9/11, is great news, it represents one victory in our continuing fight against terror. This fight is not over and we must maintain aggressive efforts to protect and defend our nation against any potential terrorist enemies."
Background on the Expiring National Security Provisions in the PATRIOT Act Courtesy of the House Judiciary Committee § Roving Wiretaps:Roving wiretaps allow intelligence officials - after receiving approval from a federal court - to conduct surveillance on terrorist suspects regardless of how many communication devices they use. Roving wiretaps are nothing new. Domestic law enforcement agencies have had roving wiretaps for criminal investigations since 1986.
§ Business Records:This provision allows the FBI, after obtaining approval from a federal judge, to access tangible items, including business records, in foreign intelligence, international terrorism and espionage cases.
§ Lone Wolf:National security laws allow intelligence gathering on foreign governments, terrorist groups and their agents. But what about a foreign terrorist who either acts alone or cannot be immediately tied to a terrorist organization? The lone wolf definition simply allows our intelligence officials to answer threats from terrorists acting alone. It cannot be used against a U.S. citizen.


NLIHC has announced that J. Ronald Terwilliger and Amy Anthony will be recognized for their contributions to affordable housing at NLIHC’s annual Leadership Reception on the evening of April 4, 2017. Ron Terwilliger, chairman emeritus and former CEO of the Trammel Crow Residential Company, will receive the 2017 Edward W. Brooke Housing Leadership Award for his outstanding contributions to the cause of rebalancing federal affordable housing. The Brooke Award is named for the late Senator Edward W. Brooke (R-MA), who championed low income and fair housing while in Congress and later served as the chair of NLIHC’s Board of Directors. The award is presented to individuals who advocate for affordable housing on the national level. Retired Preservation of Affordable Housing President and Founder Amy Anthony will be the recipient of the 2017 Cushing N. Dolbeare Lifetime Service Award. The Dolbeare Award is named after NLIHC’s founder, considered the godmother of the affordable housing movement. NLIHC presents the Dolbeare Award to individuals for their lifetime of service to affordable housing.
The 2017 Leadership Reception will follow NLIHC’s 2017 Housing Policy Forum which will take place in Washington, DC, April 2-4. The Forum will provide opportunities to engage with thought-leaders, policy experts, researchers, affordable housing practitioners, low income residents, and leaders from Capitol Hill and the new Administration about the state of the affordable housing crisis in America and its solutions.
The Policy Forum will explore challenges and opportunities emerging from the 2016 presidential and congressional elections and the best strategies for achieving positive affordable housing policy solutions. NLIHC will invite the new HUD secretary to share his or her vision and priorities and to engage with participants about their concerns, aspirations, and recommendations. The Forum will also explore the lessons learned from the first year of implementation of the national Housing Trust Fund; the intersections between housing and health, education, criminal justice reform, and other areas; and ways to rebalance U.S. federal housing investments to end homelessness and housing poverty, among many other topics. The third day of the Forum will provide an opportunity for participants to visit their congressional delegations on Capitol Hill.
The NLIHC 2017 Housing Policy Forum and Leadership Reception will take place at the Washington Court Hotel in Washington DC. Register at: http://bit.ly/2dnJpnS
A limited number of shared-lodging hotel scholarships will be awarded on a first-come-first-served basis to low income residents who are current NLIHC members and who pay their own Forum registration fee (“self-pay participants”). To ensure a broad geographic distribution, no more than two scholarships will be awarded to participants from any one state (with the exception of New York, where a donor has provided funding for six). The scholarships provide residents attending the Forum up to three nights of shared hotel lodging on April 1, 2, and 3. Scholarship recipients must commit to attending all Forum sessions, including a special resident session on Sunday, April 2 and Lobby Day on Tuesday, April 4. To apply for a scholarship, contact James Saucedo at jsaucedo@nlihc.org. Questions? Call 202-662-1530 or email jsaucedo@nlihc.org.


JLC contributor Mark Parlee recently inspected a home in Iowa with major roofing issues. He found a range of reasons why the roof had given out, leaving the house leaky and wet.
All of the leaks stemmed from poor attention to detail when the shingles were being installed and flashed, he said.
These problems included the following: No plumbing vent boots had been installed. Instead, these penetrations had been “black jacked”—asphalt roof cement had simply been smeared around the bases of the vent pipes.


Procurement as a function is on a journey toward greater importance and influence. As it evolves beyond its transactional and back office roots, the department is becoming a strategic player focused on total value delivered including supporting revenue goals, reducing total cost of ownership, and developing partnerships with key suppliers.
However, when discussing procurement’s alignment with the overall business it becomes imperative to develop and establish a rapport with the stakeholders and executive team. Aligning the procurement department with the business strategies is of great interest to CPO’s and CEO’s alike.
Karl-Heinz Müller, former Supply Chain Executive at Siemens and Vodafone and thought leader in global Procurement, discusses, how purchasing provides value to the organization from an end-to-end perspective, and which skills are required to successfully establish an integrated purchasing function.


Causes Here's a sample of our volunteer opportunities:VIEW AS
To support caregivers and their loved ones By providing kind, safe and reliable day services For adults who would benefit from a compassionate environment, Meaningful programs and opportunities for socialization
Forster Woods Adult Day Center is a professionally supervised day program serving the elderly and other adults with physical or mental impairments. We provide a structured day program that includes meaningful social, cognitive, creative, and sensory activities in a warm, caring and secure environment. The program is individualized for each person based on the participant’s individual plan of care.
Independence, self expression and being part of a group help adults who may be isolated by illness, disability or loss maintain a positive orientation to life. By focusing on maintenance of physical and mental health, Forster Woods enables the participant to maintain as high a level of functioning as possible, thereby allowing them to remain in their homes and communities.
We at Forster Woods understand that caring for a loved one with a debilitating disease such as Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia, Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis, or Parkinson’s Disease requires constant attention and supervision and can be exhausting. Using Forster Woods to supplement the care they give at home offers caregivers an opportunity for rest, employment, running errands and pursuing their own interests.
Jennifer Putmon 5173493101 Need admin access?


The most common garden slug is 1-1/2 to 2 inches long when full grown and are gray to black. Slugs are not insects. They are a mollusk, like oysters, clams and snails and can be described as a snail without a shell.
Slugs are one of the first pests of spring. They hatch from jelly-like masses found under boards, flower pots and other damp areas of the garden. Slugs feed at night and leave behind a slimy residue as they move. They prefer damp, cool locations.
Slugs eat large holes in the leaves, fruits, and crowns of plants.
Non chemical: Slugs are difficult to
control. Eliminate hiding places by removing garden debris such
as leaves and mulch. Increase spacing between plants to allow better
air circulation and reduce moisture that the slugs need. Hand pick
at night or in early morning. Use barriers such as coarse sand or
copper stripping placed around desirable plants. Attractants such
as stale beer in a shallow dish may attract and trap some slugs.
Chemical: Contact your County Extension office for current pesticide controls.


In the
Hypertension article by Hansen et al (Hansen TW, Thijs L, Li Y, Boggia J, Kikuya M, Björklund-Bodegård K, Richart T, Ohkubo T, Jeppesen J, Pedersen CT, Dolan E, Kuznetsova T, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Tikhonoff V, Malyutina S, Casiglia E, Nikitin Y, Lind L, San-doya E, Kawecka-Jaszcz K, Imai Y, Wang J, Ibsen H, O’Brien E, Staessen JA, on behalf of the International Database on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes Investigators. Prognostic Value of Reading-to-Reading Blood Pressure Variability Over 24 Hours in 8938 Subjects from 11 Populations. Hypertension. 2010;55:1049–1057.) a correction has been made to Figure 3A. The line labeled 17 has been deleted from the figure. The correct Figure appears below.
The authors regret the errors.


Wisconsin has long been a leader among states in expanding coverage to its low-income residents since even before the major coverage provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) took effect on January 1, 2014. While Governor Scott Walker decided not to adopt the Medicaid expansion, thousands of previously uninsured Wisconsinites…
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This fact sheet provides an overview of changes to BadgerCare, Wisconsin’s 1115 waiver demonstration project, and how it relates to the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion.
This state report explains how the ACA expands coverage in Wisconsin, including a breakdown of how many uninsured people are eligible for Medicaid, how many are eligible for financial assistance to help them buy private insurance in the new Marketplace and how many will not receive any financial assistance at all. The report also details, in specific dollar figures, the income levels at which people in Wisconsin are eligible for Medicaid or financial assistance in the Marketplace. For states not expanding Medicaid, the report quantifies how many uninsured people fall into the “coverage gap,” meaning they will be ineligible for financial assistance in the Marketplace or for Medicaid in their state despite having an income below the federal poverty level.
Final update made on December 11, 2012 (no further updates will be made) Establishing the Exchange On November 16, 2012, Governor Scott Walker (R) notified federal officials that Wisconsin would default to a federally-facilitated health insurance exchange.1 After initial efforts to develop a state-based health insurance exchange, Governor Walker announced in July…


This volume introduces the study of language attrition - the forgetting of language. In this first collection devoted to second language attrition, the contributors focus on contexts of loss where Japanese is either the attriting language, or the replacing language. Bringing together research to substantiate previous hypotheses in the field, this book offers new theoretical and practical insights for those interested in language change.


Opioid Abuse Leads to Hearing Loss
A case study published in
Pharmacotherapy discusses a rare but possibly underreported adverse effect associated with oxymorphone abuse, namely acute reversible hearing loss following inhalation of oxymorphone extended-release formulation.
A previously healthy 24-year-old male presented to the emergency department complaining of acute bilateral hearing loss after he snorted a crushed oxymorphone 30mg extrended-release tablet. He admitted occasional oxymorphone and marijuana abuse for recreational purposes and the onset of hearing loss was about eight hours after inhalation. He also complained that he'd had a “head cold” for the past week. Lab results were unremarkable except for mild elevation in serum creatinine concentration (1.21 mg/dL) and elevated white blood cell count (22.9 9 103/mm3). A diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia was made after a chest radiograph showed right lower lobe infiltrate, but no evidence of sinusitis. His hearing loss improved three hours after presentation and he was admitted for pneumonia, wherein he received intravenous antibiotics. His hearing loss had completely resolved the following morning and he was discharged with oral antibiotics. Upon discharge, two of his associates stated that the patient had experienced similar hearing loss following oxymorphone inhalation, but it was not as severe.
This potential interaction scored a 6 on the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale, indicating a probable cause of the patient's acute hearing loss. The mechanism of action in opioid-associated hearing loss (OAHL) is not completely understood but is believed to be due to disturbances within the cochlea. Because OAHL does not appear to be drug-, dose-, or duration-dependent, predisposition to OAHL may be due to genetic polymorphisms of the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The presence of adulterants or other additives in illegally-obtained opioids, or introduced as part of the preparation for injection or inhalation, could also contribute to OAHL.


Every educational organisation is unique, with continually changing needs. Although many independent schools have been established for hundreds of years, they are no different. We have an in-depth understanding of the issues independent schools face, and offers a number of potential solutions.
Independent schools are up against fierce competition to maintain pupil numbers. It is therefore vital to ensure your school is performing to the highest standards, with the best financial controls in place to manage any potential risks.
Every penny is crucial, even to fee-paying schools, who are often viewed as having more funds than state funded schools. We understand that financial constraints can sometimes be a factor in decision making, so we ensure schools are making the most responsible choices.
We work with you to understand the ethos of your school, and to become part of your internal team. We understand your challenges to include:
Cash flow management:
Governance:


Prolonged remission is an infrequent outcome among patients and is preceded by an atypically monophasic clinical course in a significant minority and may reflect unique pathophysiologic mechanisms.
PubMed, J Rheumatol, 2014 Aug 1. (Also see: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatments)
This item was posted in the ISN Newsroom. Please check the newsroom daily for updates on scleroderma and other related articles.


Temperature dependent rotational diffusion of a nonpolar solute, 9-phenylanthracene (9-PA), and a dipolar solute, rhodamine 110 (R110), has been examined in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim(+)][PF6-]) and in a conventional solvent, glycerol. This study has been undertaken to explore how parameters such as solvent size and free volume influence solute rotation in the case of a nonpolar solute, 9-PA. To understand the role of specific solute-solvent interactions, similar measurements have been performed with a dipolar analogue, R110. It has been observed that the viscosity normalized reorientation times of 9-PA are longer by a factor of 1.4-1.6 in glycerol compared to those in [bmim(+)][PF6-]. While the most commonly used Stokes-Einstein-Debye hydrodynamic theory is not successful in explaining this experimental observation, Gierer-Wirtz and Dote-Kivelson-Schwartz quasihydrodynamic theories could rationalize this trend, albeit in a qualitative manner. Rotational diffusion of R110, on the other hand, follows an exactly opposite trend compared to 9-PA. The normalized reorientation times of R110 are longer by a factor of 1.3-1.4 in [bmim(+)][PF6-] compared to glycerol, which is due to the formation of stronger solute-solvent hydrogen bonds between the positively charged R110 and the ionic liquid. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.


May 10, 2012 North Korea's failed attempt to launch a satellite from its Unha-3 space rocket on April 13 and India's successful flight test of the Agni-5 long-range missile on April 19 marked significant events in the ballistic missile development programs of the two countries. These two ballistic missile test events not only reveal technical information about system performance, but also invite reflection on U.S. policy responses. The demonstration of North Korean failure and Indian success is only the most readily accessible feature of the story. The broader implications for U.S. nonproliferation and security policies are more complicated and less obvious. Both cases imply U.S. failure to accurately assess threats and to adopt appropriate responses for mitigating those threats. The the full text of the brief "Long-Range Ballistic Missile Development: A Tale of Two Tests" is available online. # # # The Arms Control Association (ACA) is an independent nongovernmental organization dedicated to addressing the challenges posed by the world's most dangerous weapons.


Entry requirements
You should have an undergraduate degree of at least second class standard in a relevant subject.
Months of entry
September
Course content
'Development' has come to represent the political relationship between rich and poor countries following the end of colonialism. This programme offers a critical approach to development through the lens of anthropology. It explores the historical role of anthropological engagement in development, and provides the opportunity to rethink concepts, policies and practices underwriting global inequality.
Offering a critical exploration of the concept of rights (human, indigenous, or gender, for example) and how it is mobilised to make various kinds of claims, the degree presents diverse perspectives on how we might address global inequality. London is the headquarters of many development-related organisations. You will negotiate a work placement with one such organisation for one half day per week. This is an opportunity for critical reflection on some of the issues raised. Qualification and course duration MA Course contact details Name Course Enquiries course-info@gold.ac.uk Phone +44 (0)20 7078 5300


In the mid-1800s, the story of a man-eating tree captured widespread attention. In a report he wrote for the South Australian Register, Carl Liche, a German explorer, claimed that while exploring Madagascar, he'd witnessed a woman climb the trunk of a large plant and drink its nectar. When the plant sensed her presence, it captured her with its tentacles and pulled her into its body.
One hundred years later, a 1950s science writer debunked the legend, asserting that not only was there no such tree, but that no one by name of Carl Liche had ever explored Madagascar.
While a tentacle-wielding, man-consuming tree may not exist, a scaled-down version of such a plant does. The man-eating tree of Madagascar may have been an exaggeration of the pitcher plants that grow in Madagascar, Indonesia, Australia, Malaysia and other hot and humid, low-lying areas. The largest of the pitcher plants is known as Nepenthes, and this plant does capture small vermin and lizards in its pitchers (or cupped leaves).
The pitcher plant creates a substance that coats the inside of its pitchers. This substance mixes with water that the plant draws up through its roots. Insects and, on occasion, small animals are attracted to the scented water. When they come to drink, they fall into the pitcher, are unable to escape, and the plant draws nutrients from the captured prey.
While you certainly won't fall prey to the pitchers of the Nepenthes -- they're entirely too small to hold a human -- you could easily fall prey to the sickness some plants induce. In fact, the following 10 could actually kill you.


A fraction of HIV-1 patients are able to successfully control the virus and avoid developing AIDS. It has become increasingly clear that variations in the immune response during the initial days of acute infection including the period of peak viral replication determine long term differences in disease outcomes. While the precise factor(s) necessary and sufficient for protection from AIDS is as yet unidentified, a number of factors have been correlated with protection from AIDS. Among these are the presence of a strong proliferative and multifunctional T-cell response as well as the HLA allele status of a patient. Therefore the goal of this thesis project was to 1) broadly identify the major contributors to the proliferative and multifunctional T-cell response during acute infection with HIV, 2) examine the durability of these responses and 3) elucidate the gene regulation pathway(s) by which HLA allele status determines disease outcomes.
In order to identify the major contributors to the proliferative and multifunctional T-cell response to HIV we utilized PBMC samples from a cohort of acutely infected HIV patients in the Duke and University of North Carolina infectious disease clinics. These samples were stimulated in vitro with peptides representing the HIV clade B consensus sequence and the T-cells were analyzed for proliferation and multifunctionality. Through this analysis we identified CD4+CD8+ (DP) T-cells as overrepresented within the proliferative response and the primary contributor to multifunctionality. Additionally, the acute multifunctional T-cell response was highly focused on the Nef, Rev, Tat, VPR and VPU sections of the HIV proteome. We also discovered similar response patterns among a cohort of HIV controllers recruited from the Duke infectious disease clinic. In fact, the frequency of multifunctional DP T-cells was inversely correlated with viral loads among the controller cohort.
Having identified DP T-cells as HIV responding cells of interest, we next examined their durability following the removal of widespread antigenic stimulation via administration of HAART. Utilizing longitudinal samples from the acute HIV cohort we again examined T-cell proliferation and multifunctionality at approximately 24 weeks and 104 weeks post infection among patients. This experiment demonstrated that among patients who initiated HAART during acute infection there was a significant reduction in the frequency of multifunctional DP T-cells at 24 and 104 weeks post infection compared to study entry. Meanwhile the proliferative DP T-cell response was maintained longitudinally. Additionally, these patients did not exhibit the previously described increase in frequency of multifunctional CD8 T-cells as infection progressed to the chronic phase. Although the majority of patients initiated HAART during the acute stage of infection, a minority delayed HAART initiation for various lengths up to and including study cessation. Among this group of patients the frequency of multifunctional DP T-cells was maintained longitudinally. Therefore, the early initiation of HAART reduces long term frequencies of multifunctional DP T-cells while delayed HAART initiation leads to a durable multifunctional DP T-cell response. Since HIV controllers with higher frequencies of multifunctional DP T-cells maintain lower viral loads, early HAART initiation may be detrimental to the development of immune cells capable of controlling the virus.
Finally, we examined the effect HLA alleles have on gene regulation during the initial interactions between HIV and the host immune system. This work employed 2 HIV negative patient cohorts. One cohort expressed HLA-B*35 which has previously been shown to correlate with rapid progression to AIDS following infection with HIV. The second cohort expressed HLA-B*57 which has been associated with long term non-progression following infection with HIV. PBMCs from each group were infected with HIV in vitro. Twenty-four hours after infection these cells were sorted into CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells and NK-cells. Following cell sorting, mRNA was isolated and interrogated for expression changes using whole genome microarrays. This analysis revealed HLA allele specific differences in the magnitude by which CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells and NK-cells activate the interferon response pathway following exposure to HIV.
In total, these findings provide insight into the cell types responsible for significant portions of the acute immune response to HIV and the mechanisms by which individuals protected from progression to AIDS differ from their peers.


The origin of this wonderful mechanism is one of evolution's most durable mysteries. In 1861, just two years after Darwin published
Origin of Species, quarry workers in Germany unearthed spectacular fossils of a crow-size bird, dubbed Archaeopteryx, that lived about 150 million years ago. It had feathers and other traits of living birds but also vestiges of a reptilian past, such as teeth in its mouth, claws on its wings, and a long, bony tail. Like fossils of whales with legs, Archaeopteryx seemed to capture a moment in a critical evolutionary metamorphosis. "It is a grand case for me," Darwin confided to a friend.
The case would have been even grander if paleontologists could have found a more ancient creature endowed with more primitive feathers—something they searched for in vain for most of the next century and a half. In the meantime, other scientists sought to illuminate the origin of feathers by examining the scales of modern reptiles, the closest living relatives of birds. Both scales and feathers are flat. So perhaps the scales of the birds' ancestors had stretched out, generation after generation. Later their edges could have frayed and split, turning them into the first true feathers.
It made sense too that this change occurred as an adaptation for flight. Imagine the ancestors of birds as small, scaly, four-legged reptiles living in forest canopies, leaping from tree to tree. If their scales had grown longer, they would have provided more and more lift, which would have allowed the protobirds to glide a little farther, then a little farther still. Only later might their arms have evolved into wings they could push up and down, transforming them from gliders to true powered fliers. In short, the evolution of feathers would have happened along with the evolution of flight.
This feathers-led-to-flight notion began to unravel in the 1970s, when Yale University paleontologist John Ostrom noted striking similarities between the skeletons of birds and terrestrial dinosaurs called theropods, a group that includes marquee monsters like
Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor. Clearly, Ostrom argued, birds were the living descendants of theropods. Still, many known theropods had big legs, short arms, and stout, long tails—hardly the anatomy one would expect on a creature leaping from trees. Other paleontologists argued that birds did not evolve from dinosaurs—rather, their similarities derived from a shared common ancestor deeper in the past.


A W-2 is a form that company employees receive in January. It shows the income they earned and the amount of taxes that were deducted. Employees need these forms to complete and process their annual income taxes. Sole proprietors of businesses are not eligible to receive salaries, as it is prohibited by law. These small business owners also do not receive W-2 forms. Instead, sole proprietors must pay themselves directly from their profits.
Options for Payment
Sole proprietors can legally pay themselves by issuing draw checks from their business checking accounts. Draw checks are not the same as paying salaries and receiving W-2s. Draw checks can be tracked by these business owners, but they can't be counted as actual labor expenses. Sole proprietors are still responsible for paying taxes on all profits, regardless whether they issue themselves draw checks. These individuals also are fully responsible for financing their businesses, whether it's through borrowing or from the owner's savings. Therefore, they are allowed to use their profits as needed.
Employee Payments
Sole proprietors are allowed to pay their employees' salaries, which are then reported and distributed on W-2 forms after each calendar year. Employees' salaries, bonuses and benefits count as labor expenses, which sole proprietors report when filing their taxes. One alternative these small businesses owners have besides paying salaries is hiring independent contractors. Independent contractors are not employees. They are self-employed business people like the sole proprietor. Independent contractor payments still count as labor expenses. However, sole proprietors only need to send them 1099 forms at the end of the year, according to the IRS. Independent contractors are responsible for reporting their own taxes, as the small business owners do not deduct taxes from their payments.
Spouse Payments
One legal way sole proprietors can draw salaries is by paying their spouses salaries. That way, they benefit from the extra income, which isn't directly taken out of their profits. Instead, the spouse's income counts as a labor expense and is included along with all other employees. This additional labor expense is then deducted from total revenue, which lowers the tax liability of the sole proprietor. In other words, profits are lower because of the spouse's salary. Thus, the owner pays less taxes. The spouse then receives a W-2 form in January, showing all tax and benefit withholdings.
Considerations
Sole proprietors can draw salaries if they become incorporated. But they must fill out additional paperwork and pay fees to convert their businesses to corporations. This process is usually handled by an attorney, as forms are usually filed through both the state and federal governments. The key benefit to owning a corporation is having investors. Business owners who incorporate also stand to lose only what they've invested in their companies, not their homes or bank accounts if they get sued. However, business owners who remain sole proprietors are not double taxed like corporations -- for both employees and the business itself -- and they do not need to obtain federal identification numbers or fill out special tax forms.
Brad Gillies Personal Coaching: Is a Sole Proprietorship Right for You? IRS: Sole Proprietorships Social Security Online: Employer W-2 Filing Instructions & Information The CPA Journal: The Domestic Production Deduction and Sole Proprietors IRS: Topic 756 - Employment Taxes for Household Employees IRS: Independent Contractor (Self-Employed) or Employee? Photo Credits Jupiterimages/Comstock/Getty Images


Petersen, Sidsel Rübner1; Alkeskjold, Thomas Tanggaard1; Lægsgaard, Jesper1
Affiliations:
1 Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark2 Fiber Optics, Devices and Non-linear Effects, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Abstract:
Rare‐earth doped high‐power fiber lasers and amplifiers have attracted a lot of attention, due to the advantages of the fiber amplification scheme. Compared to conventional optically pumped bulk lasers, heat is dissipated much more effectively in fiber lasers, having a large surface‐to‐active volume ratio. Thereby, a stable beam with nearly diffraction‐limited quality can be achieved. The fibers are often cladding‐pumped with a number of low‐brightness semiconductor laser diodes, in which way a low‐cost pump of several kilowatts can be achieved [1]. However, the frequencies, which can be amplified, are naturally restricted by the gain spectra of the laser‐active dopants. Furthermore, special care must be invested to amplify frequencies outside of the peak of the gain spectrum. There is a special interest in the long wavelength region of the Ytterbium gain spectrum, 1100 nm ‐ 1200 nm, which can reach the yellow‐orange light regime through frequency doubling. Yellow‐orange light has applications within the medical industry, high‐resolution spectroscopy and for laser‐guide stars [2]. To achieve amplification at these wavelengths, the larger gain at shorter wavelengths must be suppressed to avoid parasitic lasing due to Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) build‐up. Nonlinear effects, such as stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering and four‐wave mixing, set the upper limit for achievable powers in fiber amplifiers. To increase the nonlinear threshold, Large‐Mode‐Area (LMA) fiber designs are desired. However, it can be challenging to maintain Single‐Mode (SM) operation with increasing core sizes. In this work a LMA Distributed Spectral Filtering (DSF) Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) for amplification above 1100 nm is presented. The cladding consists of hexagonally placed air holes, seven missing holes define the core. On each side of the core, rows of air holes are replaced with high‐index inclusions, a one‐ and a three‐row design has been investigated. Thereby the core mode is confined by both index‐ and bandgap guiding type mechanisms. Single‐mode operation can to a large degree be controlled through index guidance by tuning the air hole diameter. Suppression of unwanted spectral components is realized through bandgap guidance by tailoring the high‐index inclusions. A filter of ASE is thereby incorporated in the PCF cladding. Furthermore the inclusions on one side of the core are reduced in diameter with respect to the inclusions on the other side of the core, enabling the DSF effect to be adjusted spectrally from both the red‐ and blue‐edge. We demonstrate an enhanced suppression of unwanted spectral components in the three‐row design compared to the one row design, and SM behaviour is demonstrated for core diameters of ~ 45 μm. Redshifting of the maximum gain from 1030 nm to above 1100 nm is illustrated by considering the Ytterbium gain curve and a white light transmission measurement of the PCF.


(Newser)
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The inhospitable oxygen-starved layers of the oceans, once relegated to the deep sea, are now encroaching on coastlines, reports the
Los Angeles Times. The dead zones, linked to global warming, have moved up into continental shelves, a study in Science says. They interfere with commercial fishing and entice predators that thrive in such conditions such as the jumbo squid.
"If you warm waters, they hold much less oxygen. That's the same as a bottle of soda water. If you open it warm, it'll fizz all over the place," explained one of the study's authors. When that warming water is the ocean, it can also create lighter upper layers that could interfere with global circulation, a potential doomsday scenario.


Despite its clinical value, the rubber dam seems to result in significantly higher aerosol levels on various areas of the dentist's head, requiring that dentists cover their heads with suitable protective wear.
OSAP Disclaimer | Please notify our webmaster of any problems with this website. OSAP thanks its Super Sponsors for their support in 2016. Sponsorship does not imply endorsement by OSAP of a company's products or services.


COS 60-8: Context-dependent variation in a plant-pollinator mutualism
Suann Yang, Matthew J. Ferrari, and Katriona Shea. The Pennsylvania State University
Background/Question/Methods In the plant-pollinator mutualism, both species that are involved benefit to some degree. This benefit, however, can vary in strength both spatially and temporally. We examined the relationship between the plant-pollinator interaction and ecological context for two species of invasive thistles, Carduus nutans and C. acanthoides, in pure and mixed constructed arrays of different densities and sizes in the field. We recorded pollinator movements within each array, and considered the fitness consequence of these movements for both plant species. Interactions between invasive species are relatively understudied; thus examining their indirect interactions through their shared pollinators is of particular importance.Results/Conclusions Preliminary results reveal that the visitation behavior of insect pollinators varied with the distribution of flowering plants. Visitation rate to pure C. acanthoides arrays was higher than that to pure C. nutans arrays, with mixed arrays receiving an intermediate rate of visitation. Within arrays, the number of flower heads (display size) of an individual was a much stronger predictor of visitation than the distance between plants. In pure C. acanthoides arrays, pollinators preferred to visit plants with larger displays; however, there was no apparent preference for display in pure C. nutans arrays or the mixed arrays. Instead, in mixed arrays, pollinators preferred to visit C. acanthoides individuals regardless of display size. In mixed arrays, the average duration of a visit to a C. nutans flower head decreased compared to in pure C. nutans arrays. In contrast, visits to C. acanthoides flower heads, the preferred species, were the same in single species and mixed arrays. Thus, when C. acanthoides is present, C. nutans experiences not only reduced visitation but also decreased duration of visits, while C. acanthoides is relatively little affected by the presence of C. nutans. Understanding the change in pollinator foraging behavior with ecological context can shed light on patterns of variation in the strength of a particular plant-pollinator mutualism. For our two invasive thistles, these shifts in pollinator behavior may potentially reduce the fitness of C. nutans in the presence of its congeneric invader C. acanthoides, with repercussions for its invasion success.


Microsoft Updates High Availability Guidance for Cloud Apps
Microsoft has released an updated checklist for high-availability (HA) scenarios in Microsoft Azure with guidance on how to design and manage solutions that use VMs, websites and storage, in cases where great load is expected intermittently or consistently.
Using these guidelines, architects and developers can compose checklists based on the resources they intend to use.
At a glance: Recommendations for building more scalable applications
Microsoft provides many resources in Azure that can be composed into solutions, but this HA checklist targets Virtual Machines, Web Sites and Databases.
For Virtual Machines, these are the recommendations:
Use Traffic Manager to handle balancing traffic across multiple Azure regions. Azure has 26 regions around the world, with 8 more expected in the near future. Use multiple VMs per role. Use a Load Balancer. Azure’s Load Balancers enable intra-data center routing. Thus, in a given region, it ensures the actual VMs being used are efficiently selected. More on the distinction between these assets is provided by Microsoft program manager Jonathan Tuliani. Deploy virtual machine scale sets for automatic growth or shrinkage in the number of VMs in operation, based on internal metrics such as the processor activity on VMs or external factors like the length of an Azure storage queue.
The checklist really provides a block by block approach to understanding what a HA-configured deployment of VMs in Azure looks like.
For Website services delivered via Azure, it is recommended that developers take advantage of the Azure CDN as well as stand up a caching provider such as a Redis cache; whereas databases running in production on Azure should utilize active geo-replication.
In making the announcement, Adam Glick, senior program manager - Azure resiliency, stated that even though Azure has provided offerings that support building with HA, many clients still don’t take advantage of those solutions. Microsoft notes that the solution approaches presented can be applied without significant changes to application design.
This checklist goes beyond just making recommendations and providing insight on some of the risks that are reduced by following the practices specified. With the average cost of downtime for applications being between $1.25 to $2.5 billion annually, according to the IDC, the risks are very real. They include:
Increased latency due to bottlenecking Single points of failure across application tiers Reduced scalability Increased cost per resource used
The HA checklist is one resource among many that is provided by Azure on the topic. SQL Server gets its own list of considerations in the high-availability/disaster-recovery solutions document. For Azure web apps, Microsoft provides reference architecture. Technical guidance on resiliency and deployment models for achieving HA with IoT is also available. Glick stated in the announcement about the checklist that these steps should be implementable without having to cause significant application re-write, whereas the guidance shared by teams like the patterns and practices team represents insights that should be followed before solutions are developed.
High availability is a serious matter. Breaching service level agreements can result in significant legal action. When Sears had two outages in 2015, it claimed it lost $2M in profit and filed a lawsuit against the companies involved. Machine Zone, maker of the popular Game of War app dropped Peak Hosting as a provider after the app went down for two hours in October 2015. This led to the provider filing for bankruptcy.
Beyond the checklists, Azure, as well as other cloud providers supply templates that can deploy cloud resources containing pre-built HA configurations. Azure provides Azure Resource Manager templates that demonstrate load and clustering strategies. Amazon provides lists in this regard, too. Further demonstration of HA solutions can be found in IBM’s own deployment templates.


Warranties for a hot water heater are typically available directly from the manufacturer and often come packaged with the water heater. Water heaters commonly carry a limited warranty that covers the tank and various components.Continue Reading
Warranties are often available online at the manufacturer website, such as Rheem.com. Warranties obtained online typically require registering the hot water tank and downloading the warranty. Warranties are also commonly available from authorized dealers. Hot water tank warranties typically cover the first owner of the water heater, and sometimes cover subsequent owners if the water heater is not relocated. Hardware stores, such as Lowe's, typically offer an extended warranty that includes labor coverage.Learn more about Appliances


Southern Trauma: Revisiting Caste and Class in the Mississippi Delta
Published in
American Anthropologist, Vol. 106, No. 2, 334-345 (June 2004) at doi: href="10.1525/aa.2004.106.2.334 Abstract
Two classic ethnographies, Hortense Powdermaker’s
After Freedom: A Cultural Study in the Deep South and John Dollard’s Caste and Class in a Southern Town, contributed to a “master narrative” of the Mississippi Delta and the South that viewed class largely through the lens of race. Their work contributed to the community studies and culture and personality traditions and became part of the public discourse of race in the United States. This article examines the institutional and theoretical frameworks within which they worked. We focus on three aspects of their work: (1) their definition of class that left race as the only salient social divide; (2) their portrayal of middle- and upper-class statements as normative; and (3) their uncritical use of data from elsewhere in the South to interpret their Indianola data. We report the events at the Yale Institute of Human Relations that led Dollard to publish before Powdermaker. This paper has been withdrawn.


04 Aug Study Finds Exercise Helps Reduce Cholesterol Levels
A recent study conducted out of North Carolina University found that individuals who increase the amount of exercise they get by 180 metabolic units per week, which amounts to about one hour of mild or 30 minutes of moderate exercise, experienced a significant decrease in triglycerides while also experiencing an increase in their “good” HDL cholesterol.
The study, which was conducted over a 12-year period of time, examined more than 8,700 middle-aged men and women. Although both sexes saw a significant amount of benefit from increasing the amount of exercise they got each week, women actually showed a greater amount of improvement to their health than the men who participated in the study. In fact, women were the only ones who saw what is considered to be a “statistically significant” decrease in their “bad’ LDL cholesterol. This was particularly true for African-American women as well as for those women who were menopausal. Furthermore, African-American women were the only ones who saw a “clinically significant” decrease in total cholesterol levels.
Although the researchers are not sure why their appears to be a difference in effects on men versus women, they speculate that hormones play a significant role. This hypothesis appears to be supported by the fact that post-menopausal women enjoyed a more significant affect than other women. The researchers further speculate that the connection to race may be due to genetic variations, but this hypothesis needs to examined further before drawing any conclusions.
No matter how you look at it, the bottom line is clear: getting more exercise is good for you, no matter your race, age or gender, so visit the AtHomeFitness home page and start looking through the workout equipment we have available to help you live a healthier lifestlye.


1. Santamaria, Mauro Pedrine: 8 articles (09/2013 - 06/2007) 2. Casati, Marcio Zaffalon: 8 articles (09/2013 - 04/2008) 3. Nociti, Francisco Humberto: 7 articles (09/2013 - 06/2007) 4. Sallum, Enilson Antônio: 7 articles (09/2013 - 06/2007) 5. Sallum, Antônio Wilson: 5 articles (09/2013 - 06/2007) 6. Sallum, Antonio Wilson: 4 articles (09/2013 - 04/2008) 7. da Silva Feitosa, Daniela: 2 articles (09/2013 - 05/2009) 8. Sallum, Enilson Antonio: 2 articles (09/2013 - 07/2012) 9. Suaid, Fabricia Ferreira: 2 articles (09/2013 - 04/2008) 10. Bołtacz-Rzepkowska, Elzbieta: 2 articles (01/2013 - 01/2012)
1. Root Caries
03/01/1998 - "Resin-modified (light-cured) glass ionomer and polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer) restorations are popular choices for the restoration of root caries and cervical abrasion/erosion lesions, but clinical studies are relatively few and have been published primarily as abstracts. "
03/01/2005 - "This study evaluated the microleakage of resin-modified glass ionomer, flowable compomer and flowable resin composite restorations on a Class V cavity of simulated advanced root caries under a flexural load cycling condition. "
05/01/2014 - "Candidate caries lesions were randomly assigned to an ART group for root caries treatment with the conventional ART technique, filling with glass ionomer, or an ART + Carisolv® gel for the same ART plus the application of a caries solvent (Carisolv®). "
07/01/2012 - "In turn, these increases place the older population at increased risk for caries; it is estimated that 23.7% of those over the age of 65 have root caries.1 Glass ionomer (GI) seems particularly suitable for restoring root lesions, as it has good esthetic and anti-cariogenic properties, allows for chemical bonding to teeth, and has gained wide acceptance. "
07/01/2011 - "A minimally invasive approach for restoring interproximal root caries lesions with glass ionomer is described."
2. AIDS-Related Complex (ARC)
04/01/2006 - "Effect of light-tip distance on the shear bond strengths of resin-modified glass ionomer cured with high-intensity halogen, light-emitting diode, and plasma arc lights."
09/01/2009 - "The current study evaluated the effect of plasma arc bleaching on the microleakage of Class V restorations restored with resin composite, compomer and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). "
01/01/2001 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths of a composite resin (Transbond XT; 3M/Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) and a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji Ortho LC; GC America Inc, Alsip, Ill) cured with 2 different light-curing units: a conventional visible light unit (Ortholux XT; 3M Dental Products, St Paul, Minn) and a xenon arc light unit (Plasma Arc Curing [PAC] System; American Dental Technologies, Corpus Christi, Texas). "
12/01/2008 - "Four types of cements were used: glass ionomer, Fuji I (GC); zinc phosphate, Cimento LS (Vigodent); zinc oxide without eugenol, Rely x Temp NE (3M ESPE); and resin cement, Rely x ARC (3M ESPE). "
3. Fatigue
12/01/2004 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the applied load in a rolling-ball device on the surface contact fatigue of two dental filling materials: a microfilled composite (FA) and a glass ionomer (GFII). "
03/01/1998 - "Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether immediate finishing and application of cyclic loading under water spray on resin-modified glass-ionomers, a conventional glass-ionomer, a polyacid-modified resin composite and a resin composite are reflected in their Young's modulus and fatigue resistance after 1-month wet storage compared with a control group that could mature untroubled for 1 month. "
03/01/1995 - "This in vitro study was conducted to investigate the fatigue behavior of several dental restoratives, including composites, glass ionomers and a resin-reinforced glass ionomer. "
12/01/2004 - "A microfilled composite is very much more resistant to contact fatigue than a glass ionomer."
01/01/1996 - "However, the addition of metal particles as in the admixed-type metal-reinforced glass ionomer produced a material with increased fatigue resistance."
4. Smear Layer
09/01/2000 - "The purpose of this study was to test the root reinforcing capabilities of a glass ionomer sealer and to test whether pretreatment of the instrumented canal to alter or remove the smear layer might enhance the reinforcement. "
07/01/1987 - "Previous studies have shown that the bond strength of glass ionomer to dentin can be increased by the removal of the smear layer. "
12/01/2008 - "The shear bond strength of the glass-ionomer adhesive to dentin proved to be independent of the smear layer thickness. "
12/01/2008 - "To investigate the effect of two different smear layer thicknesses treated with different dentin conditioners on the bond strength of glass-ionomer adhesive to dentin. "
12/01/2008 - "Shear bond strength of glass-ionomer adhesive to dentin: effect of smear layer thickness and different dentin conditioners."
5. Dehydration (Water Stress)
08/01/1997 - "The results of this study of the maturing polymerized resin-modified cements have potential clinical implications in the handling of these materials; the addition of resin has not significantly reduced the glass ionomer's susceptibility to dehydration problems."
10/01/1991 - "Study of hybrid glass-ionomer materials, without spurious dehydration effects, was also achieved."
08/01/2015 - "Conventional glass ionomer luting cement is more susceptible to cohesive failure when subjected to dehydration compared to resin-modified glass ionomer paste/paste luting cement. "
08/01/2015 - "A Confocal Microscopic Evaluation of the Dehydration Effect on Conventional, Resin Reinforced Powder/Liquid and Paste to Paste Glass Ionomer Luting Cements."
06/01/2004 - "The topographical part of the glass-ionomer materials was performed in two series with different drying procedures, since this material exhibits a higher sensitivity to dehydration than the other materials. "
1. Fluorides 2. Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate (Delton) 3. Xenon 4. Dentifrices (Dentifrice) 5. Transbond XT 6. Fuji Ortho LC 7. GC dentin cement 8. Resin Cements (Cement, Resin) 9. carbopol 940 (sodium polyacrylate) 10. ketac-molar
1. Transplants (Transplant) 2. Lasers (Laser) 3. Fluoridation 4. Crowns (Crown, Dental)