(This article was originally published at Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science, and syndicated at StatsBlogs.)
Judea Pearl writes:
Can you post the announcement below on your blog? And, by all means, if you find heresy in my interview with Ron Wasserstein, feel free to criticize it with your readers.
I responded that I’m not religious, so he’ll have to look for someone else if he’s looking for findings of heresy. I did, however, want to share his announcement:
The American Statistical Association has announced a new Prize, “Causality in Statistics Education”, aimed to encourage the teaching of basic causal inference in introductory statistics courses.
The motivations for the prize are discussed in an interview I [Pearl] gave to Ron Wasserstein. I hope readers of this list will participate, either by innovating new tools for teaching causation or by nominating candidates who deserve the prize.
And speaking about education, Bryant and I [Pearl] have revised our survey of econometrics textbooks, and would love to hear your suggestions on how to restore causal inference to econometrics education. [I'm confused on that last point; I thought that causality was central to econometrics; see, for example, Angrist and Pischke's book. --- AG]
Please comment on the article here: Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science


It's official --- multi-funds do boost returns Controversial plans that pick schemes from a range of top managers have beaten single funds
Published: 30 October 2005
INVESTORS are increasingly turning to schemes aimed at making their lives easier by pre-selecting a package of top funds. New research suggests these schemes can produce superior returns — if you know where to look.
Funds of funds, so-called because the manager picks a spread of top schemes from other firms, have been around in their present form for about seven years, but have only really surged in popularity since the bear market as investors have become less confident about making their own decisions.
However, because they involve two sets of charges — the manager’s and those of the funds selected — a debate has raged as to whether they can beat single funds. Until now.
The average fund of funds in the active-managed sector, where schemes can have up to 90% in UK equities and the rest in international shares, has gained 7% over five years and 72% over three, according to


Contracting professionals must balance risk to select a contract type that results in reasonable contractor risk and provides incentive for efficient and economical performance. The
DESCRIPTION FAR lists over 15 contract types, each with a different allocation of risk, incentive, and management requirements. This course provides an overview of each of these contract types. The learner will also demonstrate understanding of these contract types by completing a contract type selection based on a real solicitation.
TOPICECRS


Whether we like it or not, things happen. A pet emergency is no different. Many things are seemingly unpreventable – When a dog dashes into the road, or a cat eats tinsel – but are they? 1,485 more words
Tags » Pet Emergency by Amy D’Andrea MEd, CVT
For many years, the American Heart Association has developed and disseminated guidelines on how best to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on people experiencing cardiac arrest. 1,186 more words


Gross domestic product figures obtained from across the 4 corners of the earth continue to highlight the ongoing contraction in the global economy as international trade continues to shrink. Third quarter GDP figures obtained from Switzerland showed the economy flat at 0.00% growth with annualized GDP declining to 0.80% compared to the second quarters 0.90% value. Despite efforts by the Swiss National Bank to keep the Franc competitive, the global outlook continues to weigh on progress. Declines also occurred in Brazil, with the year over year GDP slump accelerating to a -4.50% contraction from -2.60% recorded in the prior period. Further north, Canadian GDP declined -0.50% compared to the previous month’s 0.10% expansion as the mining, gas and oil sectors fell further. Meanwhile, Australia’s GDP managed to beat expectations for both the quarterly and annualized values, increasing at a pace of 0.90% and 2.50% respectively.


Health Assessment mid-term: general survey and vital signs
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what is a general survey
a study of the whole person, covering the general health state and any obvious physical characteristics - the overall impression
general survey assess what physical presence?
- stated age vs. apparent age - general appearance - body fat - stature - motor activity - body and breath odors
body shape types?
- mesomorphic - endomorphic - ectomorphic
mesomorphic
- average height, well developed musculature
endomorphic
- short and stocky - apple shaped, pear shape
ectomorphic
tall, willowy, fat distribution is not well developed, musculature is poorly developed
general survey assess what psychological presence?
- dress, grooming, personal hygiene (appropriate clothes for weather? are they clean?)
- mood and manner (inappropriate may indicate psychiatric problems) - speech (slurred speech ma indicated intoxication or neurological problem) - facial expressions (are they awake and alert? are they responsive?)
general survey assessing for distress
- labored breathing, wheezing, cough, labored speech - painful facial expressions, sweating, guarding - serious or life-threatening complications - emotional distress or anxiety
the vital signs we look for include....
T - temperature P - pulse R - respiration B/P - Blood Pressure pulse oximetry pain assessment
vital signs: how do you assess respiration? what is a normal range/finding?
count for 30 secs or a full minute if you suspect abnormalities - normal range = 12-20 per minute
Eupnea
normal effortless breathing
tachypnea
fast breathing, has a rate of more than 20 per minute
bradypnea
slow breathing, rate below 10 per minute
dyspnea
labored respiration, shortness of breath
orthopnea
positional difficulty breathing
what are normal findings for infants and adults in respiration rate?
infant: 30-40/min
adult: 10-20/min
vital signs: how do you assess pulse
using the pads of the first three fingers palpate the radial oulse - regular rhythm: count for 30 sec x 2 - irregular: count for full minute
how do you assess pulse volume
by checking if its absent or bounding by using a 4-point scale for measuring - 0 = absent - +1 = weak - +2 = normal - +3 = strong/ increased - +4 = bounding
how is pulse volume distributed across the body?
pulse volume should be the same throughout the body
what are some factors that affect heart rate?
- age - gender - activity - emotional status - pain - environmental factors - stimulants - medications
what are the normal heart rate findings for infants and adults?
infant: 100- 170 BPM
adult: 60 - 100 BPM
where is the radial pulse located? how do you find it?
- located on the wrist - you can find it by following the thumb down to the wrist, with light palpation
where is the apical pulse located? what equipment should you use? how should you hear?
- located in the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line (for men its around the nipples; female under the breast) - use the diaphragm of the stethascope - should hear S1 (Lub) and S2 (Dub)
tachycardia
fast pulse rate over 100 BPM
bradycardia
slow pulse rate, less then 60 BPM
asystole
absence of heart beat
dysrhythmia
irregular pulse rhythm
how do you calculate pulse deficit? what should it equal?
apical pulse rate - peripheral (radial) pulse rate = 0
if pulse deficit does not equal zero, what may it indicate?
it may indicate cardiac dysrthymias - extra systolic contraction without enough volume to reach peripheral
how do you convert F to C and vise versa
Celsius: 5/9 x (temp in F - 32 degrees)
Fahrenheit: (9/5 x temp in C) + 32 degrees
routes for measuring temperature?
- oral - rectal - axillary - tympanic - temporal
temperature: oral route advantages and disadvantages
advantage: convenient, accessible
disadvantage: safety, physical ability, accuracy
temperature: average oral route findings and range
average findings: 37.0 C or 98.6 F normal range: 36-38° C or 96.8-100.4° F
temperature: average rectal route findings and range
average: 0.7°C or 0.4°F (higher than oral) range: 36.7-38.5°C or 98.0-101.6°F
temperature: rectal route advantage and disadvantage?
advantage: most accurate disadvantage: safety, invasive, uncomfortable
differences between a rectal and oral thermometer?
rectal - has a rounded, bulb end and is colored red
oral - straighter than rectal and it identified by the color blue
temperature: average axillary route findings and range
average: 0.6°C or 1°F (lower than oral) range: 35.4-37.4°C or 95.8-99.4°F
temperature: axillary route advantages and disadvantages
advantage: safe, noninvasive disadvantage: accuracy? length of time to obtain measurements
temperature: average tympanic route findings and range
average: calibrated to oral or rectal scales range: same as oral and rectal scales
temperature: tympanic route advantage and disadvantage
advantage: convenient, fast, safe disadvantage: accuracy? technique affects reading
tympanic thermometer
- infra red sensor - points towards tympanic membrane
temperature: temporal artery thermometer
- as accurate as rectal and pulmonary artery temps - more accurate than tympanic
what are some variables that affect body temperature?
- circadian rhythms - hormones - age - exercise - stress
hypothermia
low temperature - 92.3°F, 34°C
hyperthermia
high temperature - 101.5°F, 38.5°C
A febrile
no temperature whatsoever
what is blood pressure
the force exerted by the flow of blood pumped into the large arteries
korotkoff sounds: phase I
first time you hear a sound coming through. it indicates highest systolic pressure; the top number
korotkoff sounds: phase II
change in quality of sound
korotkoff sounds: phase III
intense tapping sound
korotkoff sounds: phase IV
sound muffles
korotoff sounds: phase V
sound disappears - the diastolic pressure; the bottom number
blood pressure: is there is a difference of 10 between phase 4 and 5 what will clinicians do?
they will put phase I over phase IV, over phase V
what are the factors that determine blood pressure
- cardiac output - peripheral vascular response - volume of circulating blood - viscosity of the blood - elasticity of blood vessel walls
with what can you measure blood pressure with?
by using - Sphygmomanometer - Aneroid manometer - Mercury manometer
how do you get pulse pressure?
its the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
sites where you can measure blood pressure?
- brachial - thigh - avoid AV shunts or fistulas, affects arms of post-mastectomy patient
measuring blood pressure: documentation
document - position of patient - location where taken
blood pressure normal findings?
< 120/180
prehypertension
120-140/80-90
what is the average pulse pressure?
40
common errors in blood pressure measurments?
- incorrect cuff size - unrecognizable auscultatory gap - incorrect cuff placement
factors that influence B/P
- age - sex (men slightly higher then females) - race (African American slightly higher) - diurnal rhythm (goes down at night during rest and up during the day) - weight - emotion/stress
normal B/P for infant and adult
infant: 90/61
adult: 120/80
why do elderly have higher B/P
due the the hardening of the arterial system - systolic pressure may be higher
pulse oximetry
measurement of the oxygen saturation of the hemoglobin molecule
whats a normal pulse oximetry finding?
>95%
what is the 5th vital sign?
pain
what are we assessing for pain
- subjective feelings and an individual response
pulse deficit is the difference between what?
apical and radial
hypoxemia
an inadequate level of oxygen in the blood
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I measured it for my book using lab-grade equipment; it was about 0.3 to 0.35. But I was measuring distilled water, not mash. I think AJ was suggesting that it might be less of a difference that way. I'd like to try some experiments with different liquids and see if it makes a difference.
If you're talking about a 0.05 difference, you also have to look at the precision of your instrument. Can it resolve to that level? How is it rated? Also, you say "mash temps". It's a curve, so the difference isn't the same across all mash temperatures. I'd have to go back to check my data to see where it was 0.3 and where it was 0.35, but it was likely in single infusion ranges. A 0.05 difference in pH isn't going to affect your beer in any meaningful way, so I don't know that it's worth arguing about.


Singapore’s Young Innovators Address Real World Problems
The Applied Materials Clean Tech Competition (CTC), a research and design challenge program for 15-18 year old students, attracted overwhelming interest in Singapore with participation from 330 students, forming 91 teams across 23 schools.
Launched for the first time in Singapore, this annual competition aims to address a significant global issue, and this year’s theme focused on “Clean Water for All.”
Following months of vigorous prototyping, innovative research and design,
Hwa Chong Institution emerged as the winner of the Applied Materials Clean Tech Competition in Singapore. Their team’s innovative project on utilising calcium carbonate found in clam shells to remove toxic metal ions from waste water showcased their talent to solve critical global water problems through affordable eco-friendly solutions.
The grand finals in Singapore took place at the Science Centre, where the teams presented their solutions to an eminent panel of judges that included representatives from both government and private sectors.
Competing on the global stage with the mission to eradicate the lack of access to clean water, a basic human necessity the competition highlighted how young innovators were poised to address real world problems.
On behalf of Applied Materials, congratulations to all those who participated in the entire CTC journey!


Hedgehog (HH) signaling is a critical determinant of neural progenitor specification during central nervous system (CNS) development. Subtle changes in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) ligand concentration are sufficient to specify distinct neural progenitor fates; thus, complex mechanisms exist to precisely control HH ligand production and distribution during CNS development to generate the requisite diversity of mature neurons that comprise a functional CNS. Failures in these regulatory mechanisms underlie numerous CNS disorders. Specifically, deficiencies in HH signaling during embryogenesis prevent proper segregation of the cerebral hemispheres, causing holoprosencephaly, while excess HH signaling impairs neural tube closure, resulting in exencephaly and spina bifida. Additionally, overactive HH signaling is a frequent cause of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. The overall goal of this proposal is to reveal novel mechanisms that restrict HH signaling during normal development to uncover fundamental insights into the etiologies of numerous CNS pathologies and to inform the development of novel HH-targeted therapeutics. Restraining the HH response during embryogenesis depends on feedback up-regulation of multiple cell surface HH-binding antagonists, including the canonical HH receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1) and Hedgehog-interacting protein 1 (HHIP1). While loss of feedback up-regulation of PTCH1 or HHIP1 alone has no effect on CNS patterning, combined inactivation of PTCH1- and HHIP1-mediated feedback inhibition results in an increased magnitude and range of HH signaling in the neural tube. Patched 2 (PTCH2) is an additional HH-binding protein that is expressed in the developing CNS during HH-dependent patterning; however, whether PTCH2 restricts HH signaling in vivo remains unknown. My preliminary data suggest that PTCH2 can antagonize HH signaling in cell-based functional assays and can inhibit SHH signaling during CNS patterning via chick in ovo neural tube electroporations. In addition, PTCH2 localizes to the primary cilium, an organelle required for HH signal transduction. Moreover, PTCH2 physically interacts with the HH co-receptor BOC. Based on these data, we hypothesize that PTCH2 is a novel HH antagonist during vertebrate CNS development that functions at the primary cilium to inhibit HH pathway function. I will test this hypothesis through immunofluorescent analysis of neural pattering in Ptch2-/- mouse embryos. To uncover redundancy between PTCH2 and other cell surface antagonists, I will analyze neural patterning in compound Ptch2-/-;Hhip1-/- mice and embryos lacking both PTCH2 and PTCH1 feedback inhibition. I will also employ cell biological approaches to elucidate the mechanism and functional significance of PTCH2 ciliary trafficking. Lastly, I will use biochemical tools to probe the interactions between PTCH2 and other critical cell surface HH components and test the significance of these interactions in cell signaling assays. This analysis will reveal fundamental insights into the nature of HH signal transduction and have therapeutic implications for a multitude of CNS disorders.
Central nervous system (CNS) development is extremely complex and disturbances in this process underlie many neurologic disorders. Hedgehog (HH) signaling plays an essential role during CNS formation and mutations in the HH pathway are associated with a wide range of human diseases; including medulloblastoma; the most common invasive brain tumor in children. My work on novel HH pathway antagonists will reveal critical insights into both normal CNS development and the mechanisms of tumorigenesis in the CNS.
Mathew, Esha; Collins, Meredith A; Fernandez-Barrena, Maite G et al. (2014) The transcription factor GLI1 modulates the inflammatory response during pancreatic tissue remodeling. J Biol Chem 289:27727-43 Camp, Darius; Haitian He, Billy; Li, Sally et al. (2014) Ihog and Boi elicit Hh signaling via Ptc but do not aid Ptc in sequestering the Hh ligand. Development 141:3879-88


INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKERS: CREDIT AVAILABILITY IN RURAL AMERICA PLENTIFUL
Jun. 27, 2014
Source: Independent Community Bankers of America news release
The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) told a House Agriculture Committee subcommittee examining rural credit availability that credit is plentiful for America's farmers and ranchers and is being provided at rates near historically low levels.
However, Sean Williams, president and CEO of First National Bank of Wynne, Ark., urged Congress to conduct a series of hearings relating to troubling activities of the Farm Credit System (FCS).
As part of the hearing on credit availability in rural America, Williams noted that "the ag economy has experienced record prices allowing farmers to pay down debt. Livestock producers are also now benefitting from lower feed costs and higher prices providing much-needed profits. The rapid rise in farmland values has slowed or stalled, meaning that land prices are expected to be stable or slightly decline if crop prices continue declining or remain below the cost of production."
Williams also provided the subcommittee with conclusions of a recent ICBA banker survey, which found that:
The farm bill and crop insurance are vital to extending credit, Reference prices are "adequate" but won't cover production costs, Drought and weather problems exist in many states and are a concern, and More farm bill details and decision-making tools are needed.
Additionally, Williams voiced community bankers' alarm over the FCS's cherry-picking activities. He said that FCS, a government-sponsored enterprise, leverages tax and funding advantages to target the financially strongest customers of community banks, destabilizing ag loan portfolios of many banks. This increases risks to the community bank industry, leading to fewer lenders and less credit availability for rural America.
In the written testimony, ICBA noted the Farm Credit Administration's unauthorized "investment" gambit to allow FCS lenders to engage in non-farm lending; questioned why the FCA obtained a $10 billion line of credit without congressional approval; and noted the FCA's "anything goes" regulatory approach led to CoBank, the FCS's largest cooperative lender, making an unauthorized $725 million loan to Verizon to buy out Vodafone's interest in Verizon Wireless.
"This deal finances large, corporate, multi-national firms located in New York City and London; this is a non-rural and non-cooperative, international corporate financial deal inappropriate for an ag-based cooperative operating as a taxpayer-backed GSE," Williams said.
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Hello and welcome to Healthcare Magic. Thanks for your query.
I understand that you are going through a difficult time due to your inability to sleep properly. Now, difficulty in sleeping (known as "insomnia" ) can be due to a variety of causes. Some of the problems causing insomnia are:
- Stress
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Poor sleep habits
- Other medical problems, chronic pain
, etc.
Now, the first step in managing insomnia is a detailed assessment to establish the probable cause. It is not wise to just take sleeping tablets without making a proper assessment and identifying a cause. So, I would advise you to see a psychiatrist
for a detailed assessment and further management.
Following strict sleep hygiene
techniques like fixing specific timings for going to sleep and waking up, avoiding coffee, tea, caffeinated drinks or alcohol, doing regular physical exercise and practicing relaxation techniques
like yoga or meditation
can all hep in improving sleep.
Wish you all the best.
Regards,
Dr. Jonas Sundarakumar
Consultant Psychiatrist


Modifying oral requests in a foreign language
This paper uses interactive oral role-plays to examine the extent and the way in which low proficiency EFL learners mitigate their requests. The dimensions examined are internal and external modification, and request perspective. Results indicated that the learners significantly underused internal modification and opted for external modification, especially grounders, in line with previous studies. Learners also overused zero marking and showed a preference for speaker perspective. It is presently argued that unlike external modification, internal modification may <i>not</i> be part of low proficiency learners’ pragmalinguistic repertoire, due to its pragmalinguistic complexity and need for extra processing effort. The learners’ lack of pragmalinguistic repertoire and their reliance on need and want statements were used to explain the total lack of joint and impersonal perspective in the data and the predominance of speaker perspective.


Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use.
Deforestation comes in many forms, including fires, clear-cutting for agriculture, ranching and development, unsustainable logging for timber, and degradation due to climate change. This impacts people’s livelihoods and threatens a wide range of plant and animal species.
In India the rising population has intensified the pressure on our already alarming forest resources and have led to there indiscriminate utilization. The problem of deforestation in Rajasthan have intensified the problem of Draught and desertification in its already water stressed western regions.
Reforestation and Agroforestry methods would help in reviving the enviornmental conditions in the state.


The Week
Is a five-day workweek followed by a two-day weekend a socially optimal schedule? This paper presents a model in which both labor productivity and the marginal utility of leisure evolve endogenously over the workweek. Labour productivity is shaped by two forces: restfulness, which decreases over the workweek, and memory, which improves over the workweek. The structural parameters of the model are disciplined using daily variation in electricity usage per worker. The results suggest that increases in the ratio of vacation to workdays lead to output losses. A calibration of the model suggests that a 2-3 day workweek followed by a 1 day weekend can increase welfare.


Vision, Mission and Values
The Department of Public Administration’s vision is to be an agent of change to develop and enhance public leadership through education, scholarship and service. Building upon Portland State University’s commitment to community-engaged scholarship and service, the Department of Public Administration is uniquely placed to prepare current and emergent leaders in local, regional, national and global communities.
We recognize that solutions to contemporary problems require innovative approaches and alliances among governments, nonprofits and businesses, and encourage our faculty and students to engage in multidisciplinary and collaborative approaches to advance the public interest.
We aim to contribute to the integrity, effectiveness, and transparency of the next generation of trusted public leaders.
The Department of Public Administration at Portland State University is dedicated to preparing individuals for ethical, competent and effective public service in a range of roles in policy, management and leadership. We seek to improve practice by facilitating learning through community engagement, promoting scholarship, and encouraging reflection as we develop and work with leaders representing diverse communities across all domains of public service.
We recognize that public service professionals work within a complex set of constitutional, institutional, socio-cultural, and legal structures. We believe that they must understand the ways in which economic and political interdependence, both global and domestic, shape the exercise of administrative leadership and management. Our collective efforts support the educational and professional preparation of public service professionals and new scholars.
Based on this recognition, we are guided by the following values which encompass our commitment to integrated, rigorous and relevant teaching, learning, and scholarship, all geared toward the sustainability of our increasingly diverse and rich communities:
We believe that the integration of theory and practiceis essential for successful management and leadership in public, nonprofit and health organizations, and that reflective practice enhances this integration. We believe that a public service education that integrates ethics and experienceis essential to our society. We seek to model in ourselves and develop in our students values of public serviceand provide mechanisms through which students can explore potential roles for engaging the public in their work. We are committed to addressing the life-long learning needsof our graduates and career public service professionals. We value scholarshipthat is both rigorous and relevant. We value Portland State University's commitment to community-engaged teaching and scholarship. We are committed to collaboratingwith public and nonprofit organizations and communities to create rich learning experiences that both assist the community and prepare graduates for productive public service careers. We believe that public service professionals must understand the ways in which a multiplicity of interests help to shape, and in turn are shaped by, the underlying values of our systems of democratic governance. We believe that understanding the dynamic social relationships in diverse and global communitiesis essential for public service leaders and managers.


Abstract
Sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis exhibit variable autoantibody reactivity against mitochondria, the commonest antigen (designated M2) including three structures of approximate M.W. 70, 50 and 40 kD. The nature of these antigens has only recently been established; the 70 and 50 kD are the transacetylase E2 and component X, respectively, of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and are distinct polypeptides. We have demonstrated, by immunoblotting, elution and rebinding of antibodies, unequivocal cross-reactivity between the major bands of the M2 antigen. In addition, cross-reactivity has been shown between antibodies binding to each of the three M2 bands of mitochondria and two major antigenic bands of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Conversely, antibodies eluted from these two bands of
Escherichia coli were found to bind all three M2 bands of mitochondria. These results suggest that the antibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis contain both peptide-specific and cross-reacting antibodies, the latter recognizing a common “M2 epitope” that might include nonprotein components of the peptides. However, direct and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays failed to implicate the coenzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, lipoic acid or its amide, as the common antigenic moiety.


Fast food consumption has detrimental effects on a human body. To achieve proper physical and mental health you must eat clean and healthy food. The body responds to what we eat. Clean food consists of whole meals, fruits, and vegetables. Stay away from processed, quick fix meals at the restaurants and just eat at any fast food like Best Food Au Bon Can Offer. They have high-calorie content stored as saturated fats responsible for high cholesterol in the body. A journey of a thousand miles starts with one step. To sustain the change, have a positive attitude and take one step at a time. Here are some tips to help you go through the change
Positive mindset
Have a motivating factor to change your eating habits. Is it an upcoming event, which you want to look sexy? Is it a negative comment about your eating habits? The positive attitude will help to ensure you are focused towards the goal and you can sustain the routine until you achieve your desired results.
Define the time you are willing to commit to the challenge
Changing your eating pattern revolves around total lifestyle change. How are you planning your breakfast, lunch, and dinner? What are the financial implications? How are you going to handle the cravings? These are questions to help you change your eating habits and ensure you keep up with the repercussions, however, challenging they may seem.
Prepare a comprehensive audit of your diet
Have a list of foods you want to avoid and a replacement. Technology offers numerous applications and online forums to offer guidance. Join groups they educate and help you go through the journey.
Start small
The journey to great physical health has many options. Make a decision to focus on one habit at a time within a specific period. Ensure you stick to it. After a month incorporate other habits and always focus on the main goal and not the repercussions of your diet change.
Set clear objectives
Saying I want to reduce on pizza is not enough. The objectives must be (SMART) Specific, Measurable, Accurate, Realistic and within a given Timeframe. How many calories do you want to cut on? How do you want to manage the craving? For how long do you want to stay away from Pizza?
Tailor the lifestyle change in your grocery shopping
Change your shopping routine by involving a grocery list and avoid fast foods. Consider buying food with low fat and high-calorie content. Stick to the schedule set in your objectives. Your grocery list will reduce and realize your monthly budget will also be cut by a certain percentage.
Consider these tips in meal preparation
Prepare your meals to ensure they maintain the nutritive content and no addition of calories. You might buy the right food but you make a mistake in preparation. Stick to boiled and steam food to achieve better results.
This is a long term effect, you should not lose hope when you do not see the impact of your efforts on healthy lifestyle within a month. As long as you are doing the right thing, give yourself time.


This paper proposes a concept for how joint forces will achieve operational access in the face of armed opposition by a variety of potential enemies and under a variety of conditions, as part of a broader national approach.
Operational access is the ability to project military force into an operational area with sufficient freedom of action to accomplish the mission. Operational access does not exist for its own sake, but rather serves our broader strategic goals, whether to ensure access to commerce, demonstrate U.S. resolve by positioning forces overseas to manage crisis and prevent war, or defeat an enemy in war.
Operational access is the joint force contribution to assured access, the unhindered national use of the global commons and select sovereign territory, waters, airspace and cyberspace.
Enduring requirement for force projection As a global power with global interests, the United States must maintain the credible capability to project military force into any region of the world in support of those interests.
While the requirement for operational access applies to any mission, the most difficult access challenge—and therefore the subject of this concept—is operational access contested by armed opposition.
Distinction between antiaccess and area-denial As used in this paper, antiaccess refers to those actions and capabilities, usually long-range, designed to prevent an opposing force from entering an operational area. Area denial refers to those actions and capabilities, usually of shorter range, designed not to keep an opposing force out, but to limit its freedom of action within the operational area. Importance of preconditions The challenge of operational access is determined largely by conditions existing prior to the onset of combat operations. Consequently, success in combat often will depend on efforts to shape favorable access conditions in advance, which in turn requires a coordinated interagency approach. The joint force will attempt to shape the operational area in advance of conflict through a variety of security and engagement activities (as described in the Capstone Concept for Joint Operations), such as multinational exercises, access and support agreements, establishment and improvement of overseas bases, prepositioning of supplies, and forward deployment of forces. Emerging trends Three trends in the operating environment promise to complicate the challenge of opposed access for U.S. joint forces: The dramatic improvement and proliferation of weapons and other technologies capable of denying access to or freedom of action within an operational area. The changing U.S. overseas defense posture. The emergence of space and cyberspace as increasingly important and contested domains.
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Enemy adoption of antiaccess/area-denial strategies Events of recent decades have demonstrated the decisive results U.S. joint forces can achieve when allowed to flow combat power into an operational area unimpeded. Yet, few if any enemies perceived that they possessed the ability to deny U.S. access by armed opposition, and U.S. operational access during that period was essentially unopposed. The combination of the three major trends described above has altered that calculus dramatically. Increasingly capable future enemies will see the adoption of an antiaccess/area-denial strategy against the United States as a favorable course of action for them. The ability to ensure operational access in the future is being challenged—and may well be the most difficult operational challenge U.S. forces will face over the coming decades.


Garlic is a bulb of the lily family but also related to the chive and onion family. Garlic bulbs should be planted in November or December. Right before planting, divide the bulbs into cloves. Use the largest outer cloves of each bulb for your seed stock. These cloves will produce better quality plants.
Garlic prefers rich, loose, fertile soil. A heavy soil will restrict bulb growth. Do not plant garlic where onions have been previously planted. The soil may be contaminated with common diseases or pests. Planting the clove with the root system down is not necessary, as the clove planted will disintegrate as the plant develops. Plant the garlic in full sunlight and in moist, but not soggy, soil. Plant the cloves 2 inches deep and 4 inches apart. Distance between rows should be 12 inches to 18 inches.
Garlic requires twice as much fertilizer as most vegetables. Under normal conditions, you should water deeply to a depth of 24 inches. Discontinue irrigation as soon as the plant tops naturally fall over and become dry. Let the soil dry for a week or two before harvesting.
When harvesting the garlic, lift the bulb carefully using a spade to loosen the bulb from the soil. Do not bruise the bulb. Store the garlic in a shady, well-ventilated place to dry. You can tie small bunches together on a wire or rope. Keep the bunches to a group of 10 or less for air circulation as thy hang to dry. Dry the bunches for 2 or 3 weeks. After drying, cut the stalks to 1" above the bulb. Trim off the root system. Store the bulbs in a cool, well-ventilated place.
Some expert gardeners plant garlic on the shortest day of the year and harvest on the longest day of the year. If you plant in December in Gilroy, your garlic should be ready to harvest in late June or July.
Garlic and onions interplanted with roses, cause the roses to produce a stronger perfume in larger quantities. This is practiced in Bulgaria, where attar of roses is produced for perfumes.


Welcome > Focus > Sustainable Development
Forward-thinking
sustainable development solutions, spanning both the investment input and potential opportunities output, have now been scaled and quantified. The solutions are tailored to word from the business world. From an ethical, environmental and social responsibility stance, sustainability is set to be a mid-term factor driving increased turnover, lower expenditure, and better growth in profitability.
The
AFNOR is one of the leading protagonists in the area. The AFNOR is part of the team responsible for the upcoming market release of standard ISO 26000, which is set to mark the same kind of revolutionary step forward as I SO 9001 was for quality and ISO 14001 for the environment.
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A self portrait to visually represent what living with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is like. I have had ME for about 6 years. Little is known about it currently, but it's believed to be a neurological disease. Some of the hallmarks include muscle pain, constant, flu-like fatigue which is unrelieved by rest, memory and concentration problems, and chronic pain. It also often makes you overly sensitive in all your senses; I often explain to people that it's like the volume in my brain is turned up to 11.
This image captures the blerg-feeling of being exhausted all day yet still having trouble sleeping, leaving you feeling like you don't belong either to the world of the awake or the world of the asleep; you're just trapped between the two.


English français Criticality in the Approach to Failure in Amorphous Solids
Failure of amorphous solids is fundamental to various phenomena, including landslides and earthquakes. Recent experiments indicate that highly plastic regions form elongated structures that are especially apparent near the maximal shear stress Sigma(max) where failure occurs. This observation suggested that Sigma(max) acts as a critical point where the length scale of those structures diverges, possibly causing macroscopic transient shear bands. Here, we argue instead that the entire solid phase (Sigma < Sigma(max)) is critical, that plasticity always involves system-spanning events, and that their magnitude diverges at Sigma(max) independently of the presence of shear bands. We relate the statistics and fractal properties of these rearrangements to an exponent theta that captures the stability of the material, which is observed to vary continuously with stress, and we confirm our predictions in elastoplastic models.


Question! YOUR I have been suffering from tendonitis on and off for several years. Q. Dear Terry, “I have been suffering from tendonitis on and off for several years. Most of the time the pain is mild, but lately it has been more on the moderate to severe side. Do you have any suggestions?” — Scott W., Kearney, NE A. Dear Scott, I do have some options that I believe will make a significant difference. However, I would first encourage you to consult with a healthcare practitioner that specializes in sports medicine and/or a certified fitness professional who can determine if incorrect body mechanics during exercise may be contributing to your tendinitis.
When it comes to addressing your pain, I would recommend these four ingredients: highly absorbable curcumin, boswellia, DLPA and nattokinase. Each ingredient works in a slightly different manner to help get you comfortable as quickly as possible. I advise taking these four ingredients three times daily.
To further assist in the healing/repairing of these tendons, I recommend a multi-ingredient combination. It should include the active forms of vitamins B6 and B12, along with magnesium, manganese, bromelain, zinc, vitamin C, niacinamide, and boswellia. One of the most crucial ingredients is manganese. You need at least 36 mg of manganese to have an impact, so make sure the dosing of this critical mineral is adequate. I recommend taking these ingredients three times daily.
Healthy Regards!
Terry . . . Naturally


A reappraisal of the EU's expanding readmission system
Title: A reappraisal of the EU's expanding readmission system
Author: CASSARINO, Jean-Pierre
Date: 2014
Citation: The International Spectator, 2014, Vol. 49, No 4, pp. 130-145
ISSN: 0393-2729; 1751-9721
Abstract:
Readmission is not simply a means of removing undesirable foreigners through coercive methods. When viewed as a way of ensuring the temporary stay of foreign workers in the labour markets of European destination countries, readmission may also impact on the participatory rights of a growing number of native workers facing equally temporary (and precarious) labour conditions, in a context marked by employment deregulation and wage flexibility. These implications have clear democratic significance. A new analytical perspective applied to the expansion and development of the readmission system is aimed at promoting a reflection on an unexplored research area bridging the gap between labour migration regulation and labour market deregulation.
Type of Access: openAccess; openAccess


Abstract
The origin of new genes includes both the initial molecular events and subsequent population dynamics. A processed Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene, previously thought to be a pseudogene, provided an opportunity to examine the two phases of the origin of a new gene. The sequence of the processed Adh messenger RNA became part of a new functional gene by capturing several upstream exons and introns of an unrelated gene. This novel chimeric gene, jingwei, differs from its parent Adh gene in both its pattern of expression and rate of molecular evolution. Natural selection participated in the origin and subsequent evolution of this gene.


Physiotherapy is a profession that pursues a 'whole man' approach to achieve wellbeing and health. The patient is actively involved in their own treatment and personal care, through authorization education & comprehension. The practitioner helps to renew the motion and function of individuals impacted by illness, injury or incapacity.
Their services come convenient in maintaining the wellness of individuals of all ages, by helping patients manage pain, in addition to preventing disorder. So, sports physiotherapy helps to ease recovery, encourage development and freedom, and permit individuals to carry on playing sports. Functions of physiotherapist For the best results, it is advisable to locate a qualified physiotherapist who will assist you with exercise, guidance, instruction and manual therapy. The function of a sports physiotherapist will be to administer treatments using physical means such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, manual and hydraulic therapeutic exercises using special techniques. The professional uses these physical agents to prevent, recover and adjust to individuals with loco-motor, generated by exercise or sports at different degrees. This thought-provoking midland offers a variety of insurance covered article has oodles of original suggestions for the meaning behind it. The amounts refer to sports elite (i.e. leisure & competition), fundamental sports and sports fan. The particular functions of a physiotherapist in sports include: Outreach in sport The physiotherapist attempts to guide sports professionals, along with sports folks. Additionally, they perform important activities needed to improve the ability to prevent harm among sportsmen. Prevention The physiotherapist is attentive to prevent while participating in the possible return of harm or a sport, all variables which could bring about injuries. Recovery The physiotherapist helps the athlete to recover functionality the first time possible. Moreover, they seek to hasten the biological process of healing from injuries and limit athletes training until they're reinstated back to health. Rehabilitation The physiotherapist helps a fantastic deal in easing rehabilitation after recovery from injuries. If you know anything at all, you will possibly claim to compare about midland physiotherapy clinic. The sportsman is anticipated to regain functionality quickly, accelerating the procedure for recovery and restricting the sportsmen training to a minimal level. Moreover, the sportsman is anticipated to be reinstated with the greatest prospects for success. Teaching The physiotherapist aims at enhancing all the areas of knowledge, which contribute towards the training of professionals in the field of physiotherapy, particularly at the graduate level. Research Physiotherapists are involved in research studies that contribute to development and the expansion of expertise in sports physiotherapy. Learn extra information on midland physio by visiting our original paper. Physiotherapists use knowledge and their skills to enhance a range of health conditions, for example neurological, cardiovascular, neuromusculoskeletal, and respiratory illnesses..


This resource is no longer available Improve the Patient Journey With Omni-Patient
While the primary goal of today’s healthcare providers and practices is, undoubtedly, to enhance the patient’s experience and deliver high-quality care to improve long-term patient wellness, there are various barriers which lead to unavoidable readmissions; overuse, underuse and misuse of beneficial care; rising costs; and ongoing care quality issues. These barriers include:
Duplicate patient records Incomplete medical histories Incorrect medications And billing mistakes
Healthcare firms need to and can do better- and the answer lies in underutilized, but effective technology. Read this paper today to examine the challenges healthcare organizations are currently facing when it comes to providing high-quality patient care.
And as a bonus, find an analysis of 2012’s winner of the Next Generation (NG) Healthcare U.S. Summit “Leader in Innovation” award and discover how this tool is helping healthcare organizations enhance the patient experience.


In IT divisions and organizations, the need to execute in a competitive and complex technical environment while demonstrating personal integrity can be a significant personal and organizational challenge. Supplying concrete guidelines for those at an ethical crossroads, Ethics in IT Outsourcing explores the complex challenges of aligning IT outsourcing programs with ethical conduct and standards.
This one-stop reference on the ethical structure and execution of IT outsourcing incorporates an easy-to-apply checklist of principles for outsourcing executives and managers. It examines certification programs, such as the online ethics training and certification offered by the Code of Ethics and Business Practice Standards for Outsourcing Professionals established by the International Association of Outsourcing Professionals (IAOP). Based upon significant research on the economic impact of outsourcing at a micro, macro, and corporate level, this volume defines a comprehensive set of ethical program components to ensure your program is aligned with ethical guidelines. Based on a solid foundation of documented research and analysis Examines the ethical impact of outsourcing on individuals, corporations, and society Outlines a new corporate capability-the Ethics PMO Includes a list of tools to help readers establish their own Ethics PMO Filled with authoritative insights based on the author's decades of experience working with large firms in IT and outsourcing, this book is suitable for both veteran IT practitioners and stakeholders new to the topic. A must-read for anyone seeking to understand the underlying issues in this area of growing importance, it will bring you up to speed on the recent developments you need to be aware of to ensure ethical personal, corporate, and societal decision-making.
Readers are invited to participate in the growing dialog of business ethics, and IT outsourcing ethics in particular, at the author's website: www.ethicsinit.com
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Modernismo arose in Spanish American literature as a confrontation with and a response to modernizing forces that were transforming Spanish American society in the later nineteenth century. In this book, Cathy L. Jrade undertakes a full exploration of the modernista project and shows how it provided a foundation for trends and movements that have continued to shape literary production in Spanish America throughout the twentieth century.
Jrade opens with a systematic consideration of the development of
modernismo and then proceeds with detailed analyses of works-poetry, narrative, and essays-that typified and altered the movement's course. In this way, she situates the writing of key authors, such as Rubén Darío, José Martí, and Leopoldo Lugones, within the overall modernista project and traces modernismo's influence on subsequent generations of writers.
Jrade's analysis reclaims the power of the visionary stance taken by these creative intellectuals. She firmly abolishes any lingering tendency to associate
modernismo with affectation and effete elegance, revealing instead how the modernistas' new literary language expressed their profound political and epistemological concerns.


Abstract
The village banking approach to microfinance aims to empower women by giving them responsibility for and control over certain aspects of the intervention. This paper explores how women members negotiate participation in the bank and analyses the relationship between responsibility, risk and empowerment. It is based on an ethnographic study in Luribay, Bolivia where the microfinance institution Credit with Rural Education has been operating since 2000. The village bank is placed in the context of gender relations in Luribay and ideas of risk, responsibility and empowerment explored in that context.


12 May 099 Extending the TFN withholding arrangements to closely held trustsThe Government will extend the tax file number (TFN) withholding arrangements to closely held trusts (which are trusts that generally have fewer than 20 beneficiaries), including family trusts, with effect from the 2010-11 income year. The measure will ensure that assessable distributions to beneficiaries of closely held trusts align with the amounts included by these beneficiaries in their tax returns. The measure will not apply to income upon which tax is directly payable by the trustee of the trust, such as the income assessable to minors. Individuals who have tax withheld by trustees can claim a credit for that tax in their tax return. The measure also aligns with the Government’s commitment to ensure a high level of compliance with existing taxation laws by improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the ATO's income matching system.
For more information, see the Treasurer's media release, No 2009/67, 12 May 2009


Eight non-randomised retrospective case-control studies (1,065 cases) were included in the analysis. Patients were considered representative of the target population, their characteristics were found comparable within the study groups (where reported) and five studies had more than 90 patients followed-up for five years.
The number of complications was significantly lower following laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy compared to open distal gastrectomy at 30 days (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.88; eight studies). No significant differences were observed in mortality rates at 30 days and recurrence rates between the two interventions. There was no significant heterogeneity (Χ²=0%) for these outcomes.
Operative time was significantly longer for laparoscopy-assisted surgery compared to open gastrectomy, with an overall difference of approximately 37 minutes (WMD 36.51, 95% CI 15.55 to 57.46; six studies). Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower for the laparoscopic surgery group compared to open surgery (WMD -114.73 mL, 95% CI -160.46 to -69.01; seven studies). There was evidence of very high heterogeneity for these outcomes (Χ²>90%)
First flatus and first oral intake following surgery took place significantly earlier for the laparoscopic surgery group (first flatus WMD -1.01 day, 95% CI -1.44 to -0.57; five studies, Χ²=86% and first oral intake WMD -0.95 day, 95% CI -1.19 to -0.71; three studies, Χ²=0%). Patients who received open surgery stayed in hospital for about three more days than those who received laparoscopic surgery, which was statistically significant (WMD -3.28 days, 95% CI -4.16 to -2.39; six studies, Χ²=57.4%). There were no significant differences in the number of harvested lymph nodes between the two groups.


Baking breads with shortening in place of butter can aid dieters in controlling consumption of saturated fats. An ounce of vegetable-derived shortening contains a mere 7 grams of saturated fat, compared to the 14 grams in an ounce of butter. Due to significant differences in flavor and water content, inexperienced bakers should use bread recipes designed for the use of shortening.
Water Content
Substituting shortening for butter when baking yeast breads at home is complicated the most by the differences in water content between the products. A dough containing a high percentage of moisture will rise more quickly than a dry dough. Butter contains about 20% water content on average, while shortening is purely fat. Highly experienced bakers can switch between using shortening and butter while baking to adjust the rising time of yeast breads according to their scheduling needs.
Flavor
Shortening lacks any strong flavor that can be detected in the final product. Avoid substituting shortening in recipes which prescribe the usage of salted butter, as this can result in a flat-tasting final product. If shortening must be substituted for salted butter, add an additional 1/8 teaspoon per 1/4 cup of butter. Shortening is ideal for use in flavored, savory yeast breads. To enhance the taste, add chopped garlic cloves or rosemary to the dough or sprinkle salt on top before baking.
Quick Breads
Beginning and intermediate bakers can find success in baking sweet, quick breads with shortening. Breads which do require the addition of yeast or a rising process are less likely to be disrupted by small changes in water content. To prevent a dense, heavy final product, thoroughly cream the butter and sugar together. Use a hand-mixer for 30 to 60 seconds or beat with a fork or whisk. If the final product tastes flat, use a mixture of butter and shortening to improve the flavor.
Bread Machine
Using shortening in place of butter when baking yeast bread in a machine can be a challenging feat for even experienced home bakers. A machine is timed to begin baking after an established rising cycle, which can lead to a denser final product. If the recipe used prescribes melted butter, avoid using solid shortening. Ensure that the product is between 80 and 100 degrees F to avoid further disruptions to the rising cycle, per the recommendation of baking supply and education company Prepared Pantry.
References and ResourcesBaking Bites: Butter vs. Shortening in Pie Crust
Prepared Pantry: Which is Better - Butter, Oil or Shortening?
Self Nutrition Data: Butter, salted
Self Nutrition Data: Shortening, vegetable, household, composite


Because purchasing decisions are primarily about personal value, about how much we gain or lose, the prefrontal cortex does not seem to be the dominant player in our brain’s response to purchasing decisions. According to a 2007 fMRI experiment by Brian Knutson, George Lowestein, and colleagues, the frontal cortex was less activated during purchasing decisions than either the nucleus accumbens (which processes rewards), or the insula (which processes pain). This suggests that purchasing decisions are driven more by the balance of pain and desire than by a rational assessment of our options.


Xylan is a crucial component of many plant primary and secondary cell walls. However, the structure and function of xylan in the dicotyledon primary cell wall is not well understood. Here, we characterized a xylan that is specific to tissues enriched in Arabidopsis primary cell walls. Unlike previously described xylans, this xylan carries a pentose linked… (More)


April 28th, 2015
The results of a recent survey suggest that nearly a quarter of advanced lung cancer patients fail to receive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) testing before starting treatment. The recent development of drugs that target EGFR has expanded treatment options and improved the outcome for individuals with lung cancer. Guidelines from the International Association for […]


"You see, like most women, I was born with the chromosome abnormality known as “XX,” a deviation of the normative “XY” pattern. Symptoms of XX, which affects slightly more than half of the American population, include breasts, ovaries, a uterus, a menstrual cycle, and the potential to bear and nurse children. Now, many would argue even today that the lack of a Y chromosome should not affect my ability to make informed choices about what health care options and lunchtime cat videos are right for me. But others have posited, with increasing volume and intensity, that XX is a disability, even a roadblock on the evolutionary highway. This debate has reached critical mass, and leaves me uncertain of my legal and moral status. Am I a person? An object? A ward of the state? A “prostitute”? (And if I’m the last of these, where do I drop off my W-2?)"


Abstract
This article critiques the notion of abortion as a "positive liberty." The author argues that the court's holding in Roe v. Wade created a negative right to abortion, meaning that an individual seeking an abortion is merely protected from government interference. Over time, "pro-abortion" advocates have sought a positive right to access an abortion, including government funding. The author finds this position problematic and outside the scope of Roe, particularly as it erodes religious healthcare providers' right to refuse to perform the procedure.
Recommended Citation
Maureen Kramlich,
The Abortion Debate Thirty Years Later: From Choice to Coercion,31 Fordham Urb. L.J. 783 (2003). Available at: http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj/vol31/iss3/6


Many pet owners will be among those who hit the road this summer for a holiday with their families and furry companions, alike. However, car travel with an animal can be distracting for humans and uncomfortable for the pet, and this article offers a series of tips, attributed to AVMA, for making vehicular travel easier and safer for all. Among other things, AVMA advises that animals be properly and comfortably restrained while in the car. Read AVMA's FAQs on traveling with pets.


Essential Information Staff accountants work for accounting firms, public companies, non-profit organizations and governmental agencies. They prepare documents such as income tax returns, monthly reports, and financial statements. Employers prefer a bachelor's degree in accounting and prior accounting experience. Staff Accountant Job Description
Staff accountants work under the supervision of a controller, director or certified public accountant (CPA). They maintain financial reports, records, and general ledgers; prepare and analyze budgets; and perform general bookkeeping. Many staff accountants are also responsible for billing activities, such as accounts payable and accounts receivable. A 40-hour workweek can be expected; many accountants prepare tax returns that can lead to potential overtime during tax season.
Job Duties
Staff accountants also perform administrative duties such as maintaining schedules, providing telephone support, filing, transcription and the production of forms. The accountant may have additional responsibilities if employed by an accounting firm. In addition to preparing tax returns and financial statements, accounting firms represent clients on matters pertaining to their financial affairs. Typically, it is the staff accountants' responsibility to meet with clients to discuss their financial matters, such as real property, equipment, and tax liability.
Requirements
Typical requirements for the position include a bachelor's degree in accounting and one year of accounting experience, which can be gained from an internship position or previous employment.
A Bachelor of Science in Accounting is a 4-year degree preparing students with the necessary skills in accounting, business, management, information technology and ethics. Curricula may include courses such as macroeconomics, business communications, computer applications, statistics and accounting information systems.
Potential staff accountants must possess basic math skills, the ability to analyze figures, knowledge of accounting principles and excellent verbal and written skills. They must be able to multi-task, establish priorities and organize efficiently. Knowledge of computers and familiarity with accounting software is also essential. Some employers may require a criminal background check along with a written test performed at the time of the application.
Employment Outlook and Salary Information
According to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment growth for accountants and auditors should be about average at 11% over the 2014-2024 decade.
PayScale.com reported that staff accountants earned a median salary of $45,837 in 2016. Entry-level staff accountants had a median salary of $39,704 annually.
A staff accountant works under a CPA to perform general accounting duties. A bachelor's degree is required for this career.


Experts say the unexpected drop in consumer spending and income during the month of October is due to lost wages and disruptions from Hurricane Sandy.
Consumer spending decreased $20.2 billion, or 0.2 percent, and real disposable income decreased 0.1 percent in October compared to the previous month, according to a Bureau of Economic Analysis report.
“The October estimates of personal income and outlays reflect the effects of Hurricane Sandy, which made landfall in the United States on October 29,” the report said. “The storm affected 24 states, with particularly severe damage in New York and New Jersey.”
October wages decreased $17.1 billion nationally, following a $22.4 billion increase in September.


Cancer specialists reaffirmed their support for the CDC's updated recommendation for vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) to prevent cancers associated with HPV infection.
Representatives of all 69 National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers endorsed a consensus statement released today, an affirmation first stated a year ago.
"We feel HPV vaccination represents a rare opportunity to prevent the nearly 40,000 cases of HPV-associated cancers diagnosed annually in the United States," the cancer center representatives said in the statement.
"HPV vaccination is our best defense in stopping HPV infection in our youth and preventing HPV-associated cancers in our communities," the cancer specialists added. "The HPV vaccine is cancer prevention."
In its annual update to vaccination guidance, the CDC recommended two doses of the nine-valent HPV vaccine, administered at least 6 months apart, for all 11-year-old boys and girls. Because the vaccine has increased efficacy at a younger age, the CDC recommended three doses of the vaccine for 15- to 26-year-old males and females who remained unvaccinated.
The CDC first recommended HPV vaccination a decade ago. Nonetheless, uptake of the various vaccines has lagged behind vaccination rates for other recommended vaccines. A 2016 status report showed that 41.9% of girls and 28.1% of boys had completed the recommended vaccine series, far short of the 80% uptake goal for 2020 established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in the Healthy People 2020 initiative.
Citing data from the CDC, the cancer centers' consensus statement noted that 79 million Americans are infected with HPV, and 14 million new infections occur each year. Certain high-risk strains of HPV account for a majority of several types of cancer, including cervical, anal, oropharyngeal, and other cancers involving the genitalia in men and women.
"We encourage all healthcare providers to be advocates for cancer prevention by making strong recommendations for childhood HPV vaccination," authors of the consensus statement said. "We ask providers to join forces to educate parents, guardians, and colleagues about the importance and benefits of HPV vaccination."
Reviewed by Robert Jasmer, MD Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Dorothy Caputo, MA, BSN, RN, Nurse Planner
last updated


Long sandy beaches and historic Victorian homes define Cape May, the “Nation’s Oldest Sea Shore Resort,” located at the southern tip of the New Jersey shore. It’s a community often regarded as entirely crime-free, but each summer, when its population swells with thousands of visitors, the calm quickly disappears and crime rates soar, stretching the law enforcement agencies responsible for maintaining the peace. Responding to the worst and most dangerous criminal acts, regardless of the season, is Cape May County SWAT. First established in 2006, the part-time regional tactical team pools the resources and manpower of nine separate departments to create a combined group of 35 men and women responsible for high-risk law enforcement operations throughout the county’s 620 square miles.
Situated on a peninsula extending into Delaware Bay, Cape May County SWAT’s area of operation is divided between a heavily forested mainland and the more urban island communities situated along the Atlantic coast. The geography and disparate terrain requires a division of the team into two squads, Mainland and Island, though they can seamlessly combine when required to bring their full number to bear. Operating in predominantly rural areas, the Mainland team dedicates hours to tracking fugitives through dense foliage and open terrain, while the Island team focuses more on the close-quarters-battle (CQB) tactics necessary to move safely through the county’s many multi-story beachfront hotels and apartment buildings. The squads routinely train together for critical incidents such as active-shooter and hostage situations, which would necessitate the callout of the entire team. Much of the agency’s current caseload relates to narcotics warrants, served in response to the importation of heroin, cocaine and marijuana brought from Philadelphia and New York to cater to the visitors who descend on the county every summer.
Weapons & Tactics
Every officer selected for the team attends the five-day SWAT I course at the U.S. Training Center in Moyock, North Carolina, where candidates develop the marksmanship and tactical skills necessary for CQB. Many will later complete the company’s SWAT II course, which focuses on the more advanced tactics and techniques required for hostage-rescue missions. In addition to performing regular duties with their parent departments, officers joining the county team are expected to undergo a minimum of 12 hours of SWAT-specific training each month and participate in up to three annual exercises involving the full team. Each officer uses his or her department-issued sidearm, nearly all of which are .45-caliber Glock 21s, and are provided with a Colt M4 Commando by the county. Chambered for 5.56mm NATO ammo, this select-fire rifle has been adopted by tactical teams throughout the country because of its power, light weight and short overall length—features that provide operators with the lethality, mobility and speed required to clear interior areas.
Fitted to every county-procured rifle is a Meprolight M21 self-powered reflex sight, which provides constant, all-light aiming capability without batteries. Using a tritium light source in darkness and a fiber-optic light collector during the day, the M21 features a 4.3-MOA bullseye triangle reticle that allows for rapid and parallax-free target acquisition with both eyes open. An additional modification is SureFire’s M500A weapon-mounted light, which replaces the original handguard and features a 9-volt, shock-isolated incandescent lamp with an output of 125 lumens. Three beam switches are integrated into its forend, affording the shooter options for activating the light based on their individual preference, including a constant-on rocker, a momentary-on pressure pad, and a system-disable rotary switch.
To promote uniformity and create an air of intimidation conducive to suspect compliance, officers are provided with BDU-style uniforms in a dark digital camouflage pattern that includes a combat-style shirt with uniform rip-stop nylon sleeves and a cotton-acrylic chest and back, which mitigate the degree of heat experienced when wearing a full kit. For ballistic protection, officers wear a MOLLE-compatible Protech Titan Assault Enhanced plate carrier with NIJ Level IIIA soft armor under Level IVA ceramic plates, the latter being included to stop the rifle rounds against which soft Kevlar, designed only to protect against handgun calibers, is insufficiently protective. The carrier supports user customization and offers detachable yoke, groin, bicep and throat protectors. Protech Delta 4 Level IIIA ballistic helmets, weighing less than 3 pounds and secured with an adjustable three-point retention chinstrap, complete the armor system.


In malaria endemic regions, a fetus is often exposed in utero to Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage Ags. In some newborns, this can result in the induction of immune suppression. We have previously shown these modulated immune responses to persist postnatally, with a subsequent increase in a child's susceptibility to infection. To test the hypothesis that this immune suppression is partially mediated by malaria-specific regulatory T cells (T(regs)) in utero, cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) were obtained from 44 Kenyan newborns of women with and without malaria at delivery. CD4(+)CD25(lo) T cells and CD4(+)CD25(hi) FOXP3(+) cells (T(regs)) were enriched from CBMC. T(reg) frequency and HLA-DR expression on T(regs) were significantly greater for Kenyan as compared with North American CBMC (p < 0.01). CBMC/CD4(+) T cells cultured with P. falciparum blood-stage Ags induced production of IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-10, and/or IL-5 in 50% of samples. Partial depletion of CD25(hi) cells augmented the Ag-driven IFN-γ production in 69% of subjects with malaria-specific responses and revealed additional Ag-reactive lymphocytes in previously unresponsive individuals (n = 3). Addition of T(regs) to CD4(+)CD25(lo) cells suppressed spontaneous and malaria Ag-driven production of IFN-γ in a dose-dependent fashion, until production was completely inhibited in most subjects. In contrast, T(regs) only partially suppressed malaria-induced Th2 cytokines. IL-10 or TGF-β did not mediate this suppression. Thus, prenatal exposure to malaria blood-stage Ags induces T(regs) that primarily suppress Th1-type recall responses to P. falciparum blood-stage Ags. Persistence of these T(regs) postnatally could modify a child's susceptibility to malaria infection and disease.


Question: "What is the joy of the Lord?" Answer:The joy of the Lord is the gladness of heart that comes from knowing God, abiding in Christ, and being filled with the Holy Spirit. When Jesus was born, the angels announced “good tidings of great joy” (Luke 2:10). All who find Jesus know, with the shepherds of the nativity, the joy He brings. Even _before _His birth, Jesus had brought joy, as attested to in Mary’s song (Luke 1:47) and by John’s response to hearing Mary’s voice as he “leaped for joy” in his mother’s womb (Luke 1:44). Jesus exemplified joy in His ministry. He was no glum ascetic; rather, His enemies accused Him of being too joyful on occasion (Luke 7:34). Jesus described Himself as bridegroom enjoying a wedding feast (Mark 2:18-20); He “rejoiced in the Holy Spirit” (Luke 10:21); He spoke of “my joy” (John 15:11) and promised to give His disciples a lifetime supply of it (John 16:24). Joy is reflected in many of Jesus’ parables, including the three stories in Luke 15, which mention “rejoicing in the presence of the angels” (Luke 15:10) and end with a joyful shepherd, a joyful woman, and a joyful father. Nehemiah told the repentant Israelites that the joy of the Lord would be their strength (Nehemiah 8:10). The early church was characterized by gladness and the joy of the Lord (Acts 2:46; 13:52), and “joy in the Holy Spirit” is a distinguishing mark of the kingdom of God (Romans 14:17). Those who are part of the kingdom share in the kingdom’s delight. Joy is part of the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22). In fact, it is our Christian duty to rejoice in the Lord (Philippians 3:1; 4:4; 1 Thessalonians 5:16). In Christ, the believer is “filled with an inexpressible and glorious joy” (1 Peter 1:8). Because of its supernatural origin, the joy of the Lord—our gladness of heart—is present even through the trials of life. We know we are children of God, and no one can snatch us away from Him (John 10:28-29). We are heirs to “an inheritance that can never perish, spoil or fade,” and no one can steal it from us (1 Peter 1:4; Matthew 6:20). We see the Author and Finisher of our faith, and, let the enemy rage ever so much, we know who wins in the end (Hebrews 12:2; Psalms 2). Faith is the victory that overcomes the world, and the joy of the Lord is our strength. Adverse circumstances, instead of hindering our faith, can actually enhance our joy. Paul and Silas knew adversity as they sat with their feet in the stocks in a Philippian jail cell. Their legal rights had been violated. They had been arrested without cause and beaten without a trial. At midnight, since they couldn’t sleep, they sang—loudly—the praises of the Lord they were serving (Acts 16:25). A miracle soon followed (verse 26). The apostles in Jerusalem were arrested—twice—and ordered not to preach in Jesus’ name. The second time they faced the court, they were beaten. Unfazed, they returned home “rejoicing because they had been counted worthy of suffering disgrace for the Name” and ready to preach some more (Acts 5:41). Of course, the apostles were only following the example of our Lord, who had “for the joy set before him . . . endured the cross, scorning its shame” (Hebrews 12:2). The joy of the Lord may be inexplicable to the one who does not possess it. But, for the believer in Christ, the joy of the Lord comes as naturally as grapes on a vine. As we abide in Christ, the True Vine, we the branches are full of His strength and vitality, and the fruit we produce, including joy, is His doing (John 15:5). Read more:https://www.gotquestions.org/joy-of-the-lorg.html#ixzz3ZPA1vEEh


Sunday, November 18, 2012 Mediterranean Diet Benefits Arteries
Research at the University of Montreal has revealed that while a single meal of "junk food" – composed mainly of saturated fat – is damaging to the arteries, a comparable Mediterranean meal rich in mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids imposes no such damage, and may even be beneficial.
By measuring endothelial function on the inner lining of blood vessels, the researchers were able to determine how easily the arteries dilate following the two types of meals.
In the study of 28 non-smoking men who ate a Mediterranean-type meal first and a junk food-type meal one week later, the team found that after eating the junk food meal the men's arteries dilated 24% less than they did when in the fasting state. In contrast, their arteries dilated normally and maintained good blood flow after the Mediterranean-type meal.
The study also revealed that participants with higher blood triglyceride levels seemed to benefit more from the healthy meals. Their arteries responded better to the Mediterranean meal compared to people with low triglyceride levels.
"We believe that a Mediterranean-type diet may be particularly beneficial for individuals with high triglyceride levels, such as patients with metabolic syndrome, precisely because it could help keep arteries healthy," said Dr. Anil Nigam, Director of Research at the Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC) .
"These results will positively alter how we eat on a daily basis. Poor endothelial function is one of the most significant precursors of atherosclerosis. It is now something to think about at every meal."
Mediterranean Diet Cookbook For Dummies
Bites
Artwork: Large Artery


We believe that higher education is empowering for individuals and transformative for society. Southern Africa’s development depends on strong leadership in key fields, which is why we have supported over 3,000 individuals through their studies since 1981. Research and knowledge are crucial tools for addressing some of the most pressing issues in contemporary southern African society, therefore we focus our scholarship provision on enabling access to postgraduate and doctoral studies. On top of a strong academic record and a passion for research, our scholars must demonstrate their commitment to social justice and to employing their skillsets to achieve impact within the wider community. Our focus on education also extends to access to primary and secondary schooling. Through support of our partner Equal Education, the Trust advocates for quality and equality in the South African education system.


Empirical Analysis of Construction Enterprise Information Systems: Assessing the Critical Factors and Benefits Date2009 Author
Tatari, Mehmet Omer
Advisor
Skibniewski, Miroslaw J
MetadataShow full item record Abstract
Attaining higher levels of system integration is seen as the primary goal of enterprise information systems in construction (CEIS). Increased system integration resulting from CEIS implementation is expected to lead to numerous benefits. These benefits encompass information technology infrastructure as well as strategic, operational, organizational, and managerial aspects of the firm. By adopting CEIS, firms seek tangible and intangible benefits such as cost reduction, improved productivity, enhanced efficiency, and business growth. However, with the challenge of integrating various business functions within the firm, certain factors become critical for achieving higher levels of integration. Despite ample research on integrated IT systems, there are very few works in the construction field that empirically analyze the critical factors impacting the level of integration and the benefits thereof. This study seeks to address these gaps in the literature and analyzes the impact of critical factors on levels of integration and the ensuing benefits through a systematic and rigorous research design. The conceptual framework in this study draws heavily upon the theory of IT integration infrastructures, while also modifying and expanding it. This study quantifies the critical success factors that impact CEIS integration and the ensuing benefits. Furthermore, it analyzes the effects of system integration on CEIS induced benefits. It also investigates the impact of CEIS strategy on CEIS induced benefits, and identifies the relationship between CEIS strategy and system integration. Finally, it assesses the effects of CEIS induced benefits on user satisfaction and provides a CEIS implementation guide map for construction firms. The study uses multiple regression analysis and ANOVA to test these relationships.


As pressures on global natural capital intensify, Conservation Capital is developing new business and investment mechanisms for its conservation. We call this 'conservation enterprise'. We are a pioneering and impact-driven company, responding to new conservation opportunities. Our work responds to three core dynamics: Conservation Landscapes: To survive, the world’s remaining natural landscapes need to prove their economic, social and political case. They have significant potential in this regard, but it remains largely unrealized. Commercial Enterprise: Considerable scope exists for creating or re-engineering business models to actively support biodiversity conservation. This can and should be combined with generating sustainable profits. Investment Finance: Demand for conservation finance significantly exceeds available supply. There is an urgent need for new private sector investment mechanisms to supplement traditional public and philanthropic channels.
Conservation enterprise and related finance are becoming an essential focus for any modern conservation development initiative. Read more...


Serrapeptase, a proteolytic enzyme derived from the intestines of silkworms is not found in any foods or fruits. It is widely available as a supplement and purported to have various health benefits; however, medical doctor and author Ray Sahelian urges caution in the use of serrapeptase until more is known about its long-term benefits and side effects. Seek the advice of your physician before you take any food supplements.
Sources
Serrapeptase, also known as serrapeptidase, serratiopeptidase or serratia peptidase is derived from the microorganism serratia, which naturally occurs in the intestines of silkworms. Serrapeptase is also found in other microorganisms associated with the bacteria serratia sp. E-15, such as E. coli and salmonella, according to a serrapeptase review site, Serrapeptase.org.
Functions
Serrapeptase dissolves dead tissue without harming living cells, according to Serraptase.org. This is reflected in its ability to dissolve the fibrous cocoon of silkworms in the intestines, enabling the moth to emerge. Serrapeptase has been used to reduce pain and inflammation in a number of conditions, such as nose and throat infections, ear infections, carpal tunnel syndrome and fibrocystic breast disease, according to Serrapeptase.org. However, in a study by the Lady Hardinge Medical College in New Delhi, India, serrapeptase illustrated little analgesic and anti-inflammatory action compared to ibuprofen and paracatemol.
Considerations
The ability of serrapeptase to remove dead tissue might enable it to combat cardiovascular and arterial disease, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. According to Hans Alfred Nieper, former president of the German Society of Oncology, serrapeptase may dissolve fibrous blockages and blood clots. No clinical evidence backs these assertions. Seek the advice of your doctor before you use serrapeptase for any medical condition.
Caution
Serrapeptase might cause discomfort and various symptoms in some people, Sahelian notes. These may include minor aches and pains, nausea, stomach upset, coughs and the risk of pneumonia in elderly users.


Value growth barely maintained flat rates while declining smoking prevalence continues to weaken tobacco demand in Costa Rica. Nonetheless, growth continued to be undermined by rising health awareness among Costa Ricans, successful campaigns to draw attention to health risks associated with smoking, tough restrictions on tobacco advertising and smoking in public places, and further growth in illicit trade, particularly of cigarettes.
Euromonitor International's Tobacco in Costa Rica report offers a comprehensive guide to the size and shape of the market at a national level. It provides the latest retail sales data 2010-2014, allowing you to identify the sectors driving growth. It identifies the leading companies, the leading brands and offers strategic analysis of key factors influencing the market - be the new legislative, distribution or pricing issues. Forecasts to 2019 illustrate how the market is set to change.
Data coverage: market sizes (historic and forecasts), company shares, brand shares and distribution data.
Why buy this report?
Get a detailed picture of the Tobacco market;
Pinpoint growth sectors and identify factors driving change;
Understand the competitive environment, the market’s major players and leading brands;
Use five-year forecasts to assess how the market is predicted to develop.
Euromonitor International has over 40 years' experience of publishing market research reports, business reference books and online information systems. With offices in London, Chicago, Singapore, Shanghai, Vilnius, Dubai, Cape Town, Santiago, Sydney, Tokyo and Bangalore and a network of over 800 analysts worldwide, Euromonitor International has a unique capability to develop reliable information resources to help drive informed strategic planning.


The quiz was created to help Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) plan sponsors understand and properly execute their fiduciary responsibilities.
It guides users through a series of fourteen statements focusing on areas such as investment policy statements and potential conflicts of interest. Users are also offered resources throughout the quiz to assist them in understanding their role as a plan fiduciary.
"At MetLife, we’re committed to delivering timely educational programs and resources to help plan sponsors make informed decisions,” states Derrick Kelson, vice president, MetLife. “This assessment quiz is designed to be a helpful tool for ERISA plan sponsors in managing their plans."
To take the quiz, click here.


FX & CFD trading involves significant risk
The
U.S.
dollar traded lower against the most major currencies, but the U.S. currency is
still supported by higher U.S. Treasury yields. The yield on the U.S. 10-year
Treasuries climbed to 2.64% on Tuesday. That was the highest yield since last
month.
The
euro
traded mixed against the U.S. dollar. The euro suffers due to bond yield gap
between some euro area government bonds and U.S. Treasuries. While the currency
in the Eurozone is to remain permanently cheap, the first interest rate hike by
the Fed in the United States and by the Bank of England in the U.K. is more
likely.
The European Central Bank cut its interest rate last Thursday. The ECB reduced its deposit rate to -0.10% from 0.0%. The European Central Bank is the world’s first major central bank to use a negative rate. The deposit rate of -0.10% means that commercial bank will be charged for holding their reserves. This measure should spur commercial banks to ramp up lending.
The
British
pound increased against the U.S. dollar due to the strong labour market data in
the U.K. The U.K. unemployment rate fell to 6.6% in the three months to April
from 6.8% in the previous three months. That was the lowest level since early
2009. Analysts had expected a decline to 6.7%.
Jobless claims (claimant count) declined by 27,400 in May, compared with a forecast for a decline of 25,000 people. April’s figure was revised to a decrease of 28,400 from 25,100.
Weekly earnings increased by 0.7% in the three months to April, missing expectations for a 1.2% gain, after a 1.7% rise in the previous three months. The growth of wages is slower than inflation in the U.K. The inflation rate in the UK was 1.8% in April.
The
Japanese yen rose against the U.S. dollar due to expectations that the Bank of
Japan will not expand its stimulus measures at its meeting this week.
The
Canadian dollar rose against the U.S. dollar in the absence of any economic
data.
In the overnight trading session, the BSI manufacturing index was released in Japan. . Japan's BSI manufacturing index for the second quarter declined to 13.9 points from 12.7 in the first quarter, missing expectations for a rise to 14.1.
The
New
Zealand dollar rose against the U.S dollar in the absence of any major economic
reports. The kiwi was supported by expectations the Reserve Bank of New Zealand
(RBNZ) will raise interest rates again later in the day. Investors expect the
RBNZ will hike its interest rate by 0.25% to 3.25%.
The
Australian dollar climbed to 1-month highs
against the U.S. dollar due to the better-than-expected consumer sentiment data
from Australia. The Westpac consumer confidence in Australia increased 0.2% in
June, after a 6.8% decline in May.
Market Focus
Quotes
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Environmental management is a wide, expanding, and rapidly evolving field, which concerns all humans. There is no precise and universally agreed definition of environmental management but it plays a crucial role in the quest for sustainable development. Environmental management affects everybody from individual citizens, administrators, and lawyers, to businesses, governments, international agencies and non-governmental organizations. This second edition explores the nature and role of environmental management, covering key principles and practice, and offers a comprehensive and understandable introduction, which points readers to further in-depth coverage. Among the themes covered are: - sustainable development - proactive approaches - the precautionary principle - the idea that the "polluter pays," and the need for humans to be less vulnerable and more adaptable. With rapid expansion and evolution of the subject it is easy for those starting to study it to get disorientated, but this useful volume offers a structured coverage and foundation for further, more-focused interest. "Environmental Management for Sustainable Development" is a much revised, restructured and updated second edition accessible to all readers. It is illustrated throughout with figures, plates and case studies.


19 April 2016
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IDPartnership An appeal has been allowed, and outline planning permission granted, for 320 new homes on the edge of Ormesby near Middlesbrough, following work by WYG planners. Despite the site lying beyond the settlement boundary, the appeal was successful because Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council could not prove that it had a five-year housing supply, nor did it have an up-to-date Local Plan. Much of the Inquiry had focussed on arguments around economic activity rates and their influence on future housing need.
At the Public Inquiry, the Inspector found that the proposal would deliver a range of positive benefits, most notably a significant contribution to housing need, including affordable housing, and that any adverse impacts of the proposal would not outweigh these benefits.
The Council’s Objectively Assessed Need figure was 215 dwellings per annum. However, the developer’s Counsel countered that its figure of 355 dwellings was correct because it was based on more accurate economic activity forecasts. The Council had argued that the population of the borough was sufficient to meet the demand for jobs in the area. But the developer’s Counsel argued that population would need to be imported to meet that demand and, in turn, have their housing needs met. On this basis, the Inspector was persuaded that the developer’s Objectively Assessed Need figure was more realistic.
John Wyatt, Associate Director at Signet Planning, now part of the WYG group of companies, had worked on the proposal from before the pre-application stage. He subsequently secured an Officer’s recommendation for approval at planning committee stage but this was refused by Members.
He said: “This decision is significant because the issue of an older working population, which will become more relevant, and the prediction of economic activity rates and their influence on future housing need, were fully explored. We are pleased that the Inspector agreed with our more realistic economic activity rates rather than those produced by the Council’s expert witness. It is also pleasing that the Inspector concurred with our view that policies relevant to the supply of housing were out of date by virtue not only of an absence of a five-year housing supply, but also due to the age of the Local Plan.
You can read the appeal decision here.


OVERVIEW
The Internal Revenue Code is lengthy and complex, which can sometimes mean that your personal income tax return will be riddled with errors and omissions. The IRS allows you to voluntarily correct the mistakes you later discover by filing an amended tax return. However, you have to adhere to all eligibility criteria before filing the amendment.
Staying within the statute of limitations for filing a tax amendment
Before you begin the process of amending a personal income tax return, you should first make sure that filing an amended return isn’t time barred by the statute of limitations. The statute of limitations prohibits you from filing an amendment that increases a refund amount beyond three years of the original filing date or two years of the date you actually pay the tax, (basically whichever one is later).
As an example, if you filed your 2012 taxes on April 15, 2013 and did not discover a calculation error until April 16, 2016, the statute of limitations bars you from claiming a refund. Reasons to file a tax amendment
The IRS allows you to file an amended return only to correct your filing status, to cure any errors you make in claiming dependents, to increase or decrease the amount of income you originally reported and to add or eliminate any deduction or credit.
If the original return includes mathematical errors that affect your tax liability, you should provide the IRS with sufficient time from the original filing date to fix the error; generally, the IRS can detect and correct math errors on tax returns within a reasonable amount of time. The IRS will notify you of any change it makes to your tax return. If additional changes are still necessary after receiving notice, only then should you amend the tax return. Amending your tax return
A valid tax return amendment requires you to complete IRS Form 1040X. The two-page form requires you to update the amounts that differ from what you reported on the first tax return. The form also provides space for you to draft a short note to the IRS explaining why you are amending the return. However, if the error relates to information you initially reported on a schedule or attachment to the tax return, you have to update that schedule and attach it to the 1040X.
For example, if you initially underestimated your capital losses because you omitted some stock transactions (presumably on accident), you must prepare a new Schedule D and file it with the 1040X. Interest and penalties on tax amendments
Although the IRS encourages taxpayers to amend a tax return when the original does not accurately report the correct tax, you are still liable for interest and penalties if the amended return requires an additional payment of tax. Monthly interest will also accrue on the tax you underreported between the original filing date and the date you file the amendment.
Additionally, the IRS may impose a late-payment penalty that accrues concurrently with interest. However, if you can provide reasonable cause, the IRS has discretionary authority to waive all interest and penalties.
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you deserve TurboTax Deluxe searches more than 350 tax deductions and credits so you get your maximum refund, guaranteed.


Consumer in Japan were more optimistic in June as the consumer confidence index among households rose 0.9 points to 41.80, data from the Cabinet office showed on Friday. However, the survey was conducted on June 15, before the Brexit referendum wrecked havoc in the global markets. The survey showed that consumers were positive in their economic outlook including employment and readiness to buy new durable goods. Last week, Japan's retail sales fell 2.30% marking a slowdown in consumer spending. The survey however showed that households expect inflation to rise in the year ahead. In a separate report, the BoJ’s measure of inflation showed that consumer prices increased 0.80% on the month in June, rising at the same pace as in May but below the BoJ’s inflation target of 2.0%


Learn about this topic in these articles: patterns of migration
...at great depths during the day and rise at dusk, concentrating in the upper layers of water during the night. Their predators, particularly fishes, follow them in their cycle. The daily activity of
pelagic birds (those living on the open sea), such as petrels and shearwaters, which feed on planktonic crustaceans and squids, follows this same rhythm.


This fully-revised Second Edition looks at how practitioners and students can achieve best-practice when working with vulnerable adults.
The first part of the book explores the evolution of concepts and policies for safeguarding adults, with particular reference to the Human Rights Act 1998 and the Capacity Act 2005. In the second section the focus shifts to good practice in empowering vulnerable adults. The final section focuses on developing effective professional and inter-professional practice.