"""
PLR (Periodic Linear ReLU) Numerical Embeddings.

Maps scalar numerical features to high-dimensional dense vectors via
learned periodic (sin/cos) activations followed by a linear projection.

From: Gorishniy et al. 2022, "On Embeddings for Numerical Features in
Tabular Deep Learning" (arXiv:2203.05556, NeurIPS 2022).

Used by Nubank nuFormer for the tabular feature branch (291 features).
PLR is the ingredient that makes DCNv2 beat LightGBM.
"""

import math
import torch
import torch.nn as nn


class PeriodicLinearReLU(nn.Module):
    """PLR numerical embeddings (Gorishniy et al. 2022).

    Maps each scalar feature through learned periodic activations:
        x -> [sin(2pi*w*x + b), cos(2pi*w*x + b)] -> Linear -> ReLU

    Frequencies w and phases b are LEARNED parameters (per feature).

    Args:
        n_features: Number of numerical features.
        n_frequencies: Number of sin/cos frequency pairs per feature.
        embedding_dim: Output embedding dimension per feature.

    Input:  (batch, n_features) -- raw scalar feature values
    Output: (batch, n_features, embedding_dim)
    """

    def __init__(self, n_features: int, n_frequencies: int = 64, embedding_dim: int = 64):
        super().__init__()
        self.n_features = n_features
        self.n_frequencies = n_frequencies
        self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim

        self.frequencies = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(n_features, n_frequencies) * 0.01)
        self.phases = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(n_features, n_frequencies))
        self.linear = nn.Linear(2 * n_frequencies, embedding_dim)

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        x = x.unsqueeze(-1)
        angles = 2 * math.pi * self.frequencies.unsqueeze(0) * x + self.phases.unsqueeze(0)
        periodic = torch.cat([torch.sin(angles), torch.cos(angles)], dim=-1)
        return torch.relu(self.linear(periodic))

    def extra_repr(self) -> str:
        return (f"n_features={self.n_features}, n_frequencies={self.n_frequencies}, "
                f"embedding_dim={self.embedding_dim}")