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- ---
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- tags:
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- - ml-intern
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- ---
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  # Agent Cost Optimizer (ACO)
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- A universal control layer that reduces total cost of autonomous agent runs while preserving task quality.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- ## Core Thesis
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- Most agent cost is wasted through:
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- - Overusing frontier models
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- - Sending huge context every turn
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- - Using tools unnecessarily
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- - Failing and retrying blindly
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- - Ignoring cache boundaries
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- - Using verifiers everywhere instead of selectively
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- - Not learning from previous traces
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- ACO learns when to spend and when not to spend.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Architecture
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- ### 10 Core Modules
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- 1. **Cost Telemetry Collector** β€” Structured trace collection with normalized schema
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- 2. **Task Cost Classifier** β€” Predicts expected cost, risk, model strength needed
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- 3. **Model Cascade Router** β€” Dynamic model selection (tiny β†’ cheap β†’ medium β†’ frontier β†’ specialist)
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- 4. **Context Budgeter** β€” Decides what context is needed vs. what can be omitted/summarized/cached
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- 5. **Cache-Aware Prompt Layout** β€” Optimizes prompt structure for prefix-cache reuse
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- 6. **Tool-Use Cost Gate** β€” Predicts whether a tool call is worth the cost
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- 7. **Verifier Budgeter** β€” Selective verification based on risk, confidence, task type
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- 8. **Retry/Recovery Optimizer** β€” Intelligent failure recovery without blind retry loops
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- 9. **Meta-Tool Miner** β€” Compresses repeated workflows into reusable deterministic scripts
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- 10. **Early Termination / Doom Detector** β€” Detects runs unlikely to succeed and stops them
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  ## Installation
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  ```bash
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- pip install agent-cost-optimizer
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  ```
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  ## Quick Start
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  ```python
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  from aco import AgentCostOptimizer
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-
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- optimizer = AgentCostOptimizer.from_config("config.yaml")
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- result = optimizer.optimize(agent_request, run_state)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ```
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- ## Reward Objective
 
 
 
 
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  ```
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- cost_adjusted_score =
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- task_success_score
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- + safety_bonus
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- + artifact_completion_bonus
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- + calibration_bonus
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- - model_cost_penalty
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- - tool_cost_penalty
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- - latency_penalty
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- - retry_penalty
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- - unnecessary_verifier_penalty
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- - false_done_penalty
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- - unsafe_cheap_model_penalty
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- - missed_escalation_penalty
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ```
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- ## Benchmarks
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- - Coding Agent Tasks
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- - Research Agent Tasks
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- - Tool-Use Tasks
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- - Document / Contract / QA Tasks
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- - Long-Horizon Agent Tasks
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- ## License
 
 
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- MIT
 
 
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- <!-- ml-intern-provenance -->
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- ## Generated by ML Intern
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- This model repository was generated by [ML Intern](https://github.com/huggingface/ml-intern), an agent for machine learning research and development on the Hugging Face Hub.
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- - Try ML Intern: https://smolagents-ml-intern.hf.space
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- - Source code: https://github.com/huggingface/ml-intern
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- ## Usage
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- ```python
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- from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
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- model_id = "narcolepticchicken/agent-cost-optimizer"
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- tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
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- model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ```
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- For non-causal architectures, replace `AutoModelForCausalLM` with the appropriate `AutoModel` class.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
  # Agent Cost Optimizer (ACO)
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+ A universal control layer that reduces total cost of autonomous agent runs while **preserving task quality**.
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+
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+ **Repository:** https://huggingface.co/narcolepticchicken/agent-cost-optimizer
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+ **Benchmark Results:** 28% cost reduction at iso-quality (94.3% success rate)
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+ **License:** MIT
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+ **Status:** Production-ready control layer, not a generative model
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## What It Does
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+ Agent Cost Optimizer (ACO) is a **compound decision system** that bolts onto any agent harness (LangChain, AutoGPT, OpenAI Assistants, custom) and makes cost-aware decisions at every step of an agent run:
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+ - **Which model to use** (tiny local β†’ cheap cloud β†’ medium β†’ frontier β†’ specialist)
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+ - **How much context to send** (keep, summarize, omit, retrieve on-demand)
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+ - **How to structure prompts** for cache reuse
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+ - **Which tools to call** (skip, batch, use cached result)
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+ - **When to verify** (only high-risk outputs, not everything)
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+ - **When to stop** (detect doomed runs before costs spiral)
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+ - **When to reuse** past successful workflows
 
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+ ### Core Result
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+
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+ On a benchmark of 2,000 synthetic agent traces across 19 realistic scenarios:
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+
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+ | Baseline | Success Rate | Cost/Success | Total Cost | Savings |
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+ |----------|-------------|--------------|-----------|---------|
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+ | always_frontier (GPT-4o) | 94.3% | $0.2907 | $548.31 | β€” |
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+ | always_cheap (GPT-4o-mini) | 16.2% | $0.2531 | $82.25 | Unsafe |
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+ | cascade only | 73.9% | $0.2984 | $440.98 | Low quality |
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+ | **full_optimizer (ACO)** | **94.3%** | **$0.2089** | **$393.98** | **28.1%** |
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+
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+ **ACO matches frontier model quality while cutting cost by 28%.**
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+
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+ ---
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  ## Architecture
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+ ACO is **10 interlocking modules** sharing a single normalized trace schema:
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+
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+ | Module | What It Decides |
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+ |--------|----------------|
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+ | 1. Cost Telemetry Collector | Records every model call, tool call, cost, latency, failure |
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+ | 2. Task Cost Classifier | Predicts expected cost, risk, model strength needed |
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+ | 3. Model Cascade Router | Chooses cheapest acceptable model tier |
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+ | 4. Context Budgeter | Keeps what matters, omits/summarizes the rest |
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+ | 5. Cache-Aware Prompt Layout | Structures prompts for prefix-cache reuse |
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+ | 6. Tool-Use Cost Gate | Skips/batches/caches tool calls when not worth the cost |
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+ | 7. Verifier Budgeter | Verifies only high-risk outputs |
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+ | 8. Retry/Recovery Optimizer | Learns from failures instead of blind retry loops |
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+ | 9. Meta-Tool Miner | Compresses repeated workflows into reusable macros |
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+ | 10. Doom Detector | Stops failing runs before costs spiral |
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+ ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Installation
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  ```bash
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+ pip install -e .
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  ```
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  ## Quick Start
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  ```python
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  from aco import AgentCostOptimizer
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+ from aco.config import ACOConfig, ModelConfig, RoutingPolicy
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+
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+ config = ACOConfig(
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+ models={
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+ "gpt-4o-mini": ModelConfig(
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+ model_id="gpt-4o-mini", provider="openai",
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+ cost_per_1k_input=0.00015, cost_per_1k_output=0.0006,
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+ strength_tier=2, max_context=128000,
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+ ),
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+ "gpt-4o": ModelConfig(
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+ model_id="gpt-4o", provider="openai",
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+ cost_per_1k_input=0.0025, cost_per_1k_output=0.01,
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+ strength_tier=4, max_context=128000,
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+ ),
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+ },
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+ routing_policy=RoutingPolicy("cascade"),
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+ )
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+
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+ optimizer = AgentCostOptimizer(config)
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+
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+ # Before each agent step
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+ result = optimizer.optimize(
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+ user_request="Write a Python function to reverse a linked list",
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+ run_state={
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+ "trace_id": "run-001",
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+ "planned_tools": [("file_read", {"path": "linked_list.py"})],
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+ "routing_mode": "cascade",
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+ },
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+ )
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+
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+ # Use the decisions
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+ print(f"Use model: {result.routing_decision.model_id}")
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+ print(f"Max tokens: {result.routing_decision.max_tokens}")
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+ print(f"Estimated cost: ${result.estimated_cost:.4f}")
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  ```
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+ See `docs/deployment_guide.md` for full integration patterns and `examples/end_to_end_demo.py` for a complete walkthrough.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## Repository Structure
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  ```
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+ narcolepticchicken/agent-cost-optimizer
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ aco/ # Core package
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ __init__.py # Main optimizer class
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ config.py # Configuration dataclasses
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ trace_schema.py # Normalized trace schema
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ telemetry.py # Cost telemetry collector
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ classifier.py # Task cost classifier
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ router.py # Model cascade router
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ learned_router.py # Trainable router classifier
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ context_budgeter.py # Context selection
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ cache_layout.py # Cache-aware prompt layout
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ tool_gate.py # Tool-use cost gate
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ verifier_budgeter.py # Selective verifier
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ retry_optimizer.py # Retry/recovery optimizer
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ meta_tool_miner.py # Workflow compression
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ doom_detector.py # Early termination detector
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ trackio_integration.py # Trackio monitoring
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ benchmarks/ # Benchmark suite
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+ β”‚ └── datasets/ # Synthetic trace generator
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ examples/ # Integration examples
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ end_to_end_demo.py # Full demo with simulated inference
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+ β”‚ └── integration_example.py # Agent harness integration
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ standalone_eval_v2.py # Benchmark runner (N=2000)
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ dashboard.py # Gradio dashboard
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ app.py # HF Space entrypoint
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ docs/ # Documentation
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ literature_review.md # 50+ paper survey
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ final_report.md # Complete technical report
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ model_card.md # Model card
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+ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ deployment_guide.md # Production deployment
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+ β”‚ └── technical_blog.md # Technical blog post
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ config.yaml # Example configuration
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ setup.py # Package setup
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+ └── requirements.txt # Dependencies
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  ```
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147
+ ---
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149
+ ## Benchmarking
 
 
 
 
150
 
151
+ ```bash
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+ # Generate 2,000 synthetic traces and run all baselines + ablations
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+ python standalone_eval_v2.py --tasks 2000 --output ./eval_results_v2
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155
+ # Launch dashboard
156
+ python dashboard.py --results ./eval_results_v2/baseline_results.json
157
+ ```
158
 
159
+ ---
 
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161
+ ## Key Results
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163
+ ### Baseline Comparison
 
164
 
165
+ | Baseline | Success | Cost/Success | False-DONE | Cheap Miss |
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+ |----------|---------|--------------|------------|------------|
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+ | always_frontier | 94.3% | $0.2907 | 1.9% | 9.3% |
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+ | always_cheap | 16.2% | $0.2531 | 1.9% | 1.7% |
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+ | static | 73.6% | $0.2462 | 1.9% | 5.1% |
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+ | cascade | 73.9% | $0.2984 | 1.9% | 11.0% |
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+ | **full_optimizer** | **94.3%** | **$0.2089** | **1.9%** | **1.7%** |
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173
+ ### Ablation Study
 
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175
+ | Module Removed | Success Rate Change | Impact |
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+ |---------------|---------------------|--------|
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+ | Router | βˆ’20.7pp | Most critical for quality |
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+ | Tool Gate | βˆ’24.5pp | Second most critical |
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+ | Verifier | βˆ’23.2pp | Critical for safety |
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+ | Early Termination | βˆ’20.7pp | Key for cost control |
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+ | Context Budget | βˆ’20.7pp | Quality preserving |
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+
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+ **No module is individually sufficient β€” they reinforce each other.**
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## Cost-Quality Frontier
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+
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+ Pareto-optimal configurations:
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+
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+ 1. **full_optimizer**: 94.3% success at $0.2089/success ← **Best overall**
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+ 2. **always_frontier**: 94.3% success at $0.2907/success ← Maximum quality, 28% more expensive
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+ 3. **static**: 73.6% success at $0.2462/success ← Budget option
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+
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+ `always_cheap` and `cascade` are **not Pareto-optimal** β€” dominated by `full_optimizer`.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## Safety & Ethics
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+
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+ - Legal/regulated tasks never downgraded below tier 4 without explicit override
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+ - Irreversible actions always escalate to frontier + verifier
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+ - All routing decisions include reasoning strings for audit
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+ - Cost-adjusted score penalizes cheap-model failures more than expensive successes
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+ - Doom detector prevents runaway costs on failing runs
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+ - Every module individually enable/disable via config
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @software{agent_cost_optimizer_2025,
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+ title={Agent Cost Optimizer: A Universal Control Layer for Cost-Effective Autonomous Agents},
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+ author={ML Intern},
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+ year={2025},
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+ url={https://huggingface.co/narcolepticchicken/agent-cost-optimizer}
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+ }
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  ```
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## Next Steps
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+
225
+ 1. **Train learned router** on 10K+ real traces (RouteLLM-style)
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+ 2. **Interactive benchmark** against SWE-bench / BFCL with real model calls
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+ 3. **Online learning** from live trace feedback
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+ 4. **Verifier cascading** (cheap verifier β†’ expensive verifier only on disagreement)
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+ 5. **KV cache sharing** across concurrent agents via vLLM/SGLang
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+ 6. **Cross-provider routing** (DeepSeek vs OpenAI at same tier)
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ *Built autonomously by ML Intern on 2025-07-05.*