"""
LiquidFlow Generator — Main diffusion model.

Combines:
- LiquidFlowBackbone (CfC + Mamba-2 SSD) as the noise predictor
- DDPM/DDIM diffusion process
- Physics-informed regularization

Supports:
- Training on 128×128 and 512×512 images
- TAESD VAE (lightweight, Colab/Kaggle compatible)
- SD VAE (higher quality)
- Both DDPM and DDIM sampling

The model is designed to be:
- Trainable on Google Colab free tier / Kaggle (T4 GPU, 15GB)
- Exportable to ONNX/CoreML for mobile deployment
- Pure PyTorch — no CUDA kernels needed (Mamba-2 SSD runs on CPU too)
"""

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import math
import numpy as np
from tqdm import tqdm
from typing import Optional, Dict, Tuple

from .liquid_flow_block import LiquidFlowBackbone
from .physics_loss import PhysicsRegularizer, DDIMEstimator


def linear_beta_schedule(timesteps, beta_start=1e-4, beta_end=0.02):
    """Linear noise schedule (DDPM)."""
    return torch.linspace(beta_start, beta_end, timesteps)


def cosine_beta_schedule(timesteps, s=0.008):
    """Cosine noise schedule (Improved DDPM)."""
    steps = timesteps + 1
    x = torch.linspace(0, timesteps, steps)
    alphas_cumprod = torch.cos(((x / timesteps) + s) / (1 + s) * math.pi * 0.5) ** 2
    alphas_cumprod = alphas_cumprod / alphas_cumprod[0]
    betas = 1 - (alphas_cumprod[1:] / alphas_cumprod[:-1])
    return torch.clip(betas, 0.0001, 0.9999)


class LiquidFlowGenerator(nn.Module):
    """
    LiquidFlow Generator: Liquid Neural Network + Mamba-2 SSD Diffusion Model.
    
    Uses LiquidFlowBackbone as noise predictor in a DDPM/DDIM framework.
    
    Architecture:
        Noise Predictor = LiquidFlowBackbone (CfC + Mamba-2 SSD)
        Diffusion = DDPM (forward) + DDIM (sampling)
        Regularizer = Physics-Informed Losses (TV, spectral, conservation)
    
    Args:
        in_channels: Latent channels from VAE (default 4)
        hidden_dim: Hidden dimension in backbone
        num_stages: Number of LiquidFlow stages
        blocks_per_stage: Blocks per stage
        image_size: Target image size (for latent computation)
        beta_schedule: 'linear' or 'cosine'
        timesteps: Number of diffusion timesteps
        physics_weights: Weights for physics regularizers
    """
    
    def __init__(
        self,
        in_channels=4,
        hidden_dim=256,
        num_stages=4,
        blocks_per_stage=4,
        image_size=128,
        beta_schedule='cosine',
        timesteps=1000,
        physics_weights=None,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.in_channels = in_channels
        self.hidden_dim = hidden_dim
        self.image_size = image_size  # Latent space size = image_size / 8
        self.timesteps = timesteps
        
        # Noise predictor (backbone)
        self.backbone = LiquidFlowBackbone(
            in_channels=in_channels,
            hidden_dim=hidden_dim,
            num_stages=num_stages,
            blocks_per_stage=blocks_per_stage,
            d_state=16,
            expand=2,
            dropout=0.0,
        )
        
        # Diffusion schedule
        if beta_schedule == 'linear':
            betas = linear_beta_schedule(timesteps)
        else:
            betas = cosine_beta_schedule(timesteps)
        
        self.register_buffer('betas', betas)
        self.register_buffer('alphas', 1.0 - betas)
        self.register_buffer('alphas_cumprod', torch.cumprod(self.alphas, dim=0))
        self.register_buffer('alphas_cumprod_prev', F.pad(self.alphas_cumprod[:-1], (1, 0), value=1.0))
        
        # For DDIM sampling
        self.register_buffer('sqrt_alphas_cumprod', torch.sqrt(self.alphas_cumprod))
        self.register_buffer('sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod', torch.sqrt(1.0 - self.alphas_cumprod))
        
        # Physics regularizer
        if physics_weights is None:
            physics_weights = {'tv': 0.01, 'cons': 0.001, 'spec': 0.01, 'grad': 0.001}
        self.physics = PhysicsRegularizer(**physics_weights)
        self.ddim_estimator = DDIMEstimator()
    
    def q_sample(self, x0, t, noise=None):
        """
        Forward diffusion: q(x_t | x_0).
        
        x_t = √(ᾱ_t) * x_0 + √(1 - ᾱ_t) * ε
        """
        if noise is None:
            noise = torch.randn_like(x0)
        
        sqrt_alpha_bar = self.sqrt_alphas_cumprod[t].reshape(-1, 1, 1, 1)
        sqrt_one_minus_alpha_bar = self.sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod[t].reshape(-1, 1, 1, 1)
        
        return sqrt_alpha_bar * x0 + sqrt_one_minus_alpha_bar * noise, noise
    
    def forward(self, x, t):
        """Predict noise from noisy input."""
        return self.backbone(x, t)
    
    def training_step(self, x0, optimizer, scaler=None, use_amp=False):
        """
        Single training step with physics regularization.
        
        Args:
            x0: Clean latents [B, C, H, W]
            optimizer: Optimizer
            scaler: Optional GradScaler for AMP
            use_amp: Whether to use automatic mixed precision
        
        Returns:
            loss_dict: Dictionary of losses
        """
        B = x0.shape[0]
        device = x0.device
        
        # Sample timesteps
        t = torch.randint(0, self.timesteps, (B,), device=device)
        
        # Forward diffusion
        noise = torch.randn_like(x0)
        xt, noise = self.q_sample(x0, t, noise)
        
        if use_amp and scaler is not None:
            with torch.cuda.amp.autocast():
                # Predict noise
                noise_pred = self.forward(xt, t)
                
                # Base diffusion loss (L2 or L1)
                diffusion_loss = F.mse_loss(noise_pred, noise)
                
                # Physics regularization on estimated x0
                x0_hat = self.ddim_estimator.estimate_x0(
                    xt, noise_pred, self.alphas_cumprod[t]
                )
                phys_loss, phys_dict = self.physics(x0_hat, x0)
                
                total_loss = diffusion_loss + phys_loss
        else:
            noise_pred = self.forward(xt, t)
            diffusion_loss = F.mse_loss(noise_pred, noise)
            
            x0_hat = self.ddim_estimator.estimate_x0(
                xt, noise_pred, self.alphas_cumprod[t]
            )
            phys_loss, phys_dict = self.physics(x0_hat, x0)
            
            total_loss = diffusion_loss + phys_loss
        
        # Backward
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        if scaler is not None:
            scaler.scale(total_loss).backward()
            scaler.unscale_(optimizer)
            torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(self.parameters(), 1.0)
            scaler.step(optimizer)
            scaler.update()
        else:
            total_loss.backward()
            torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(self.parameters(), 1.0)
            optimizer.step()
        
        return {
            'total': total_loss.item(),
            'diffusion': diffusion_loss.item(),
            'physics': phys_loss.item(),
            **{f'phys_{k}': v.item() for k, v in phys_dict.items()},
        }
    
    @torch.no_grad()
    def sample(self, batch_size=4, steps=50, ddim=True, eta=0.0, progress=True):
        """
        Generate images using DDPM or DDIM sampling.
        
        Args:
            batch_size: Number of images
            steps: Sampling steps (for DDIM: can be << timesteps)
            ddim: Use DDIM sampling (faster)
            eta: DDIM stochasticity (0 = deterministic)
            progress: Show progress bar
        
        Returns:
            Generated latents [B, C, H, W]
        """
        device = next(self.parameters()).device
        latent_size = self.image_size // 8
        
        # Start from pure noise
        x = torch.randn(batch_size, self.in_channels, latent_size, latent_size, device=device)
        
        if ddim:
            return self._ddim_sample(x, steps, eta, progress)
        else:
            return self._ddpm_sample(x, progress)
    
    @torch.no_grad()
    def _ddpm_sample(self, x, progress=True):
        """DDPM sampling (full 1000 steps)."""
        device = x.device
        
        iterator = tqdm(
            reversed(range(0, self.timesteps)),
            desc='DDPM Sampling',
            total=self.timesteps,
            disable=not progress,
        )
        
        for t_idx in iterator:
            t = torch.full((x.shape[0],), t_idx, device=device, dtype=torch.long)
            
            noise_pred = self.forward(x, t)
            
            alpha = self.alphas[t_idx]
            alpha_bar = self.alphas_cumprod[t_idx]
            alpha_bar_prev = self.alphas_cumprod_prev[t_idx]
            beta = self.betas[t_idx]
            
            if t_idx > 0:
                noise = torch.randn_like(x)
            else:
                noise = 0
            
            # DDPM posterior
            x = (1 / torch.sqrt(alpha)) * (
                x - (beta / torch.sqrt(1 - alpha_bar)) * noise_pred
            ) + torch.sqrt(beta) * noise
        
        return x
    
    @torch.no_grad()
    def _ddim_sample(self, x, steps=50, eta=0.0, progress=True):
        """
        DDIM sampling with fewer steps.
        
        DDIM can produce good samples in 20-50 steps
        instead of 1000 DDPM steps.
        """
        device = x.device
        
        # Timestep spacing
        skip = self.timesteps // steps
        seq = list(range(0, self.timesteps, skip))
        seq_next = [-1] + seq[:-1]
        
        iterator = tqdm(
            zip(reversed(seq), reversed(seq_next)),
            desc='DDIM Sampling',
            total=len(seq),
            disable=not progress,
        )
        
        for i, j in iterator:
            t = torch.full((x.shape[0],), i, device=device, dtype=torch.long)
            
            noise_pred = self.forward(x, t)
            
            alpha_bar_i = self.alphas_cumprod[i]
            alpha_bar_j = self.alphas_cumprod[j] if j >= 0 else torch.tensor(1.0, device=device)
            
            # Predicted x0
            x0_pred = (x - torch.sqrt(1 - alpha_bar_i) * noise_pred) / torch.sqrt(alpha_bar_i)
            x0_pred = torch.clamp(x0_pred, -1, 1)  # Prevent outliers
            
            # Direction pointing to x_t
            dir_xt = torch.sqrt(1 - alpha_bar_j - eta * eta * (
                (1 - alpha_bar_j) / (1 - alpha_bar_i)
            )) * noise_pred
            
            # Random noise
            if eta > 0:
                noise = torch.randn_like(x)
                sigma = eta * torch.sqrt((1 - alpha_bar_j) / (1 - alpha_bar_i) * (1 - alpha_bar_i / alpha_bar_j))
                x = torch.sqrt(alpha_bar_j) * x0_pred + dir_xt + sigma * noise
            else:
                noise = 0
                x = torch.sqrt(alpha_bar_j) * x0_pred + dir_xt
        
        return x
    
    def count_parameters(self):
        """Count trainable parameters."""
        return sum(p.numel() for p in self.parameters() if p.requires_grad)


def create_liquidflow(
    variant='small',
    image_size=128,
    **kwargs,
):
    """
    Create a LiquidFlow model with preset configurations.
    
    Variants:
        - 'tiny': ~2M params, 2 stages, 2 blocks each, hidden_dim=128
        - 'small': ~8M params, 4 stages, 4 blocks each, hidden_dim=256
        - 'base': ~30M params, 6 stages, 6 blocks each, hidden_dim=384
    
    All designed to run on T4 (15GB) with batch_size >= 16 at 128×128.
    """
    configs = {
        'tiny': {
            'hidden_dim': 128,
            'num_stages': 2,
            'blocks_per_stage': 2,
        },
        'small': {
            'hidden_dim': 256,
            'num_stages': 4,
            'blocks_per_stage': 4,
        },
        'base': {
            'hidden_dim': 384,
            'num_stages': 6,
            'blocks_per_stage': 6,
        },
    }
    
    config = configs.get(variant, configs['small'])
    config.update(kwargs)
    
    model = LiquidFlowGenerator(
        in_channels=4,  # VAE latent channels
        image_size=image_size,
        **config,
    )
    
    return model