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README.md
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license: mit
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---
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license: mit
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- RAG
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- retrieval-augmented-generation
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- document-qa
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- pdf-processing
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- hybrid-retrieval
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- cross-encoder
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- langchain
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- chromadb
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- bm25
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- semantic-chunking
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- multi-document
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- question-answering
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library_name: langchain
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pipeline_tag: question-answering
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datasets: []
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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base_model:
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- BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5
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- BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3
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- sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
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---
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# Multi-Document RAG System
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A production-ready **Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)** system for intelligent question-answering over multiple PDF documents. Features hybrid retrieval (vector + keyword search), cross-encoder re-ranking, semantic chunking, and a Gradio web interface.
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## Model Description
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This system implements an advanced RAG pipeline that combines multiple state-of-the-art techniques for optimal document retrieval and question answering:
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### Core Models Used
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| Component | Model | Purpose |
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|-----------|-------|---------|
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| **Embeddings** | `BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5` | 1024-dim normalized embeddings for semantic search |
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| **Re-ranker** | `BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3` | Cross-encoder neural re-ranking for precision |
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| **Chunker** | `sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2` | Semantic similarity for intelligent chunking |
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| **LLM** | Llama 3.3 70B (via Groq API) | Generation with inline citations |
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### Architecture
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```
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User Query
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│
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├── Query Classification (factoid/summary/comparison/extraction/reasoning)
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├── Multi-Query Expansion (3 alternative phrasings)
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└── HyDE Generation (hypothetical answer document)
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│
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▼
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Hybrid Retrieval │
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│ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │
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│ │ ChromaDB │ │ BM25 │ │
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│ │ (Vector) │ │ (Keyword) │ │
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│ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ └──────┬───────┘ │
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│ ▼ │
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│ RRF Fusion + Deduplication │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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│
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▼
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Cross-Encoder Re-ranking
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(BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3)
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│
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▼
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LLM Generation (Llama 3.3 70B)
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with inline source citations
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│
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▼
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Answer Verification (for complex queries)
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```
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## Key Features
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### Hybrid Retrieval
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- **Vector Search (MMR)**: Semantic similarity with diversity via ChromaDB
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- **Keyword Search (BM25)**: Exact term matching for rare words
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- **Reciprocal Rank Fusion**: Combines multiple ranked lists optimally
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### Semantic Chunking
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Documents are split based on sentence embedding similarity rather than fixed character counts, preserving coherent ideas within chunks.
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### Intelligent Query Classification
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Automatically classifies queries into 5 types with adaptive retrieval:
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| Query Type | Retrieval Depth (k) | Answer Style |
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|------------|---------------------|--------------|
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| Factoid | 6 | Direct |
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| Summary | 10 | Bullets |
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| Comparison | 12 | Bullets |
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| Extraction | 8 | Direct |
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| Reasoning | 10 | Steps |
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### Multi-Document Support
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- Upload multiple PDFs to build a combined knowledge base
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- Automatic PDF diversity enforcement for cross-document queries
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- Clear source attribution with document name and page number
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### Query Enhancement
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- **HyDE**: Generates hypothetical answer documents for better retrieval
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- **Multi-Query Expansion**: Creates 3 alternative phrasings for broader coverage
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### Answer Verification
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Self-verification step for complex queries ensures answers are direct, structured, and grounded in sources.
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## Intended Uses
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### Primary Use Cases
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- **Academic Research**: Analyze and compare research papers
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- **Document Q&A**: Answer questions over technical documentation
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- **Literature Review**: Synthesize information across multiple sources
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- **Knowledge Extraction**: Extract specific facts, methodologies, or findings
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### Out-of-Scope Uses
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- Real-time streaming applications (latency-sensitive)
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- Non-English documents (optimized for English)
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- Image/table-heavy PDFs (text extraction only)
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## How to Use
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### Requirements
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- Python 3.10+
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- Groq API key (free at [console.groq.com](https://console.groq.com))
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- GPU recommended but not required
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### Installation
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```bash
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pip install numpy==1.26.4 pandas==2.2.2 scipy==1.13.1
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pip install langchain-core==0.2.40 langchain-community==0.2.16 langchain==0.2.16
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pip install langchain-groq==0.1.9 langchain-text-splitters==0.2.4
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pip install chromadb==0.5.5 sentence-transformers==3.0.1
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pip install pypdf==4.3.1 rank-bm25==0.2.2 gradio torch
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```
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### Quick Start
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1. Open `rag.ipynb` in Jupyter Notebook or Google Colab
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2. Run all cells sequentially
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3. Enter your Groq API key in the Setup tab
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4. Upload PDF documents
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5. Ask questions in the Chat tab
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### Example Queries
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```python
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# Single Document Analysis
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"What is the main contribution of this paper?"
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"Explain the methodology in detail"
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"What are the limitations mentioned by the authors?"
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# Multi-Document Comparison
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"Compare the approaches discussed in these papers"
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"What are the key differences between the methodologies?"
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```
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## Technical Specifications
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### Performance Benchmarks
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| Operation | Typical Duration |
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|-----------|------------------|
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| Model initialization | 30-60 seconds |
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| PDF ingestion (per doc) | 10-30 seconds |
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| Simple queries | 5-8 seconds |
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| Complex queries | 10-15 seconds |
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| Full document summary | 30-90 seconds |
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### Configuration Parameters
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| Parameter | Default | Description |
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|-----------|---------|-------------|
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| `max_chunk_size` | 1000 | Maximum characters per semantic chunk |
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| `similarity_threshold` | 0.5 | Cosine similarity for chunk grouping |
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| `chunk_size` | 800 | Fallback text splitter chunk size |
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| `chunk_overlap` | 150 | Character overlap between chunks |
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| `fetch_factor` | 2 | Multiplier for initial retrieval pool |
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| `lambda_mult` | 0.6 | MMR diversity parameter |
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| `cache_max_size` | 100 | Maximum cached query responses |
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## Limitations
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- Requires active internet connection for Groq API calls
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- PDF quality affects text extraction accuracy
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- Large documents may take longer to process
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- Query cache does not persist between sessions
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- Optimized for English language documents
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## Training Details
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This is a **retrieval system**, not a trained model. It orchestrates pre-trained models:
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- **Embeddings**: Uses pre-trained `BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5` without fine-tuning
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- **Re-ranker**: Uses pre-trained `BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3` without fine-tuning
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- **LLM**: Uses Llama 3.3 70B via Groq API with zero-shot prompting
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## Evaluation
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The system was evaluated qualitatively on academic papers and technical documents for:
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- Answer relevance and accuracy
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- Source attribution correctness
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- Cross-document comparison quality
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- Response structure and readability
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## Environmental Impact
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- **Hardware**: Developed and tested on Google Colab (NVIDIA T4 GPU)
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- **Inference**: Primary compute via Groq API (cloud-hosted)
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- Local model loading: ~2GB VRAM for embeddings + re-ranker
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@software{multi_doc_rag_system,
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title = {Multi-Document RAG System},
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year = {2024},
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description = {Production-ready RAG system with hybrid retrieval and cross-encoder re-ranking},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/your-username/your-repo}
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}
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```
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## Acknowledgements
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This project builds upon:
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- [LangChain](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain) for RAG orchestration
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- [ChromaDB](https://github.com/chroma-core/chroma) for vector storage
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- [Sentence Transformers](https://www.sbert.net/) for embeddings
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- [BAAI](https://huggingface.co/BAAI) for BGE models
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- [Groq](https://groq.com/) for fast LLM inference
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## Contact
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For questions or feedback, please open an issue on the repository.
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