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41： The One with Jeff Geerling _transcript.txt

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-[0.00 --> 4.96]  Coming up on today's show, we have Jeff Geerling. You may know him as Geerling Guy in Ansible Galaxy.
-[5.42 --> 8.62]  He's also on a bunch of work recently with the Raspberry Pi.
-[9.48 --> 16.28]  Chris loses his mind a little bit when Jeff tells him how he hooked up 16, yes, 16 drives to a Raspberry Pi.
-[16.70 --> 17.22]  I'm Alex.
-[17.64 --> 19.82]  I'm Chris, and this is Self-Hosted 41.
-[21.06 --> 25.40]  Alex, we have a lot to talk about today, and we also have a special guest.
-[25.40 --> 33.12]  We do indeed, yes. We have Geerling Guy, Jeff Geerling, the Raspberry Pi Ansible maestro, all the sorts of superlatives.
-[33.74 --> 37.52]  My new YouTube habit. I love what he's putting out.
-[37.58 --> 38.78]  Yeah, I thought you might like him.
-[40.04 --> 43.92]  Yeah, I do. I want to say thanks to a Cloud Guru for sponsoring this episode.
-[44.06 --> 47.28]  They are the leader in learning for the cloud, Linux, and other modern tech skills.
-[47.38 --> 49.52]  Get hundreds of courses, thousands of hands-on labs.
-[49.94 --> 53.66]  Get certified, get hired, get learning at cloudguru.com.
-[53.66 --> 58.54]  So the interview really will be the bulk of the show today, because there's so many great things we get into.
-[58.96 --> 64.72]  But before we start, I kind of wanted to chat with you about Nabucasa buying ESP Home.
-[65.24 --> 65.94]  How do you feel about it?
-[65.98 --> 70.18]  I mean, when I first heard the news, I was like, oh, I wasn't quite sure how to feel.
-[70.18 --> 79.32]  And then some more details trickled out about how the original creator, Otto, was, you know, basically burning out.
-[79.32 --> 84.56]  And I think overall, it's a great way to save an open source project.
-[84.56 --> 91.56]  That is one of my personal favorite ways to configure, you know, ESP boards.
-[92.24 --> 94.88]  It's a clear value for the Home Assistant community.
-[95.60 --> 97.34]  And this was, you're right.
-[97.42 --> 100.62]  I had my first read of this was sort of like, I'm not so sure.
-[100.62 --> 103.10]  Because they're a small team with a lot to do.
-[103.42 --> 110.28]  But when you read between the lines, it seems pretty clear that Otto was about to hit the nope out button.
-[110.88 --> 115.46]  And the project would have been left without its leader and lead developer.
-[116.10 --> 119.26]  This is kind of nice because this gives the project room to grow.
-[119.44 --> 121.12]  It'll bring in some new contributors.
-[121.80 --> 123.16]  Otto is taken care of.
-[123.46 --> 126.90]  He's able to participate if he likes, but, you know, he's going to focus on life for a bit.
-[126.94 --> 128.26]  He's shutting down the Patreon account.
-[128.26 --> 131.24]  He doesn't have to worry about the management side of things.
-[131.88 --> 134.72]  And it continues to be a free software project.
-[135.48 --> 141.68]  And if anything, I would expect it will be even tighter integrated into Home Assistant now.
-[141.94 --> 142.98]  We're seeing some of that already.
-[143.48 --> 152.16]  Frank, one of the main developers for Home Assistant, has already made some significant improvements to the VS Code plugins for how that interfaces with ESP Home.
-[152.56 --> 155.44]  So there's some autocomplete stuff coming and things like that.
-[155.44 --> 159.46]  But let's just back up a little bit and explain what ESP Home is.
-[160.10 --> 168.16]  So the way I got started with it was I was programming these ESP8266 single board computers, if you like.
-[168.24 --> 171.80]  They're kind of in the same space as an Arduino, more than a Raspberry Pi.
-[172.06 --> 173.34]  So they don't run a full OS.
-[173.42 --> 175.56]  They actually run a precompiled firmware.
-[175.56 --> 186.20]  And that used to require writing an Arduino sketch and uploading it to the board and, you know, all the stuff that comes with the Arduino IDE and universe and that kind of thing.
-[186.74 --> 194.48]  And what ESP Home does, and it is pure magic in my opinion, is you define the firmware as a YAML file.
-[194.48 --> 205.24]  You add a couple of modules here with a couple of lines to, you know, enable Wi-Fi and then another couple of lines to enable logging and then another couple of lines to enable the Home Assistant API, for example.
-[205.96 --> 217.28]  And then you flash that binary that is generated from the YAML file onto the ESP8266 without having to write a single line of C code or whatever the Arduino equivalent would be.
-[217.28 --> 219.90]  And it just makes it so approachable.
-[220.36 --> 223.84]  Yeah, and there's so many devices that run off this type of firmware out there.
-[224.40 --> 230.04]  And you can really see long term the value that Home Assistant, if Home Assistant can make this even simpler.
-[230.84 --> 238.88]  Imagine a future, if you would, Alex, where Home Assistant could even auto detect devices and guide the user through generating the firmwares.
-[239.18 --> 244.08]  And maybe even has a way to deploy it with some DNS magic or something, depending on the device.
-[244.08 --> 249.62]  But they could really make this a whole inclusive package at some point.
-[250.14 --> 250.66]  Absolutely, they could.
-[250.76 --> 260.44]  Because with this acquisition, Nabu Kasa now owns the copyright to Otto's Code and therefore the ESPHome organization on GitHub and Docker as well.
-[260.74 --> 263.68]  Yeah, and ESPHome.io is a great resource.
-[263.84 --> 266.64]  So if you want to learn a little bit more, go check out ESPHome.io.
-[266.74 --> 268.82]  And of course, we'll have a link in the notes.
-[269.36 --> 271.80]  Which, as always, you can find at selfhosted.show.
-[271.80 --> 275.74]  Linode.com slash SSH.
-[275.86 --> 281.16]  Linode.com slash SSH gives you a $100 60-day credit towards a new account at Linode.
-[281.36 --> 283.18]  And of course, it supports the show.
-[284.04 --> 285.78]  Linode is our cloud hosting provider.
-[285.98 --> 289.42]  Anything we want to try out or anything we put in production, we put it up on Linode.
-[289.58 --> 290.84]  We get emails into the show.
-[290.92 --> 292.40]  We try stuff out on Linode.
-[292.54 --> 294.18]  It's really quick to get going.
-[294.30 --> 296.20]  But also, it's because it's fast.
-[296.38 --> 298.74]  We know it's just going to get done really quick.
-[298.74 --> 302.20]  And sometimes you just want to prototype something as fast as possible.
-[302.42 --> 307.16]  Now, we host all of our major infrastructure for Jupyter Broadcasting 3.0 on Linode, of course.
-[307.82 --> 312.52]  But even the stuff that never makes it public, that never is listener-facing, we run on Linode as well.
-[312.58 --> 313.32]  They're super fast.
-[313.40 --> 324.42]  They have native SSD storage, 40 gigabit network, totally easy to use cloud manager, really simple to take snapshots and get an idea of the last time your computer, or I should say Linode, was backed up.
-[324.42 --> 331.20]  You can really simplify your infrastructure while also reaping the benefits of great performance at a great price.
-[331.66 --> 336.14]  Linode costs 30% to 50% less than AWS or Google Cloud or Azure.
-[336.66 --> 341.22]  And it really works well if you want to just blend a little bit of on-premises and cloud as well.
-[341.34 --> 342.56]  That's how I use it for NextCloud.
-[342.92 --> 345.72]  I have a cloud component to my NextCloud setup on Linode.
-[346.08 --> 351.14]  And then the big bulk of the storage, like the archival stuff, it's all here locally on my LAN.
-[351.26 --> 352.58]  It works fantastic that way.
-[352.58 --> 356.46]  And with 11 data centers worldwide, you're going to find just the right spot to deploy.
-[356.68 --> 364.78]  And you'll rest easy knowing that Linode's rocking fast and has great monitoring tools that can alert you to problems before you even notice them.
-[365.04 --> 369.02]  Of course, these things are really important, but performance matters as well.
-[369.10 --> 370.58]  And Linode has you covered there too.
-[371.02 --> 376.40]  Cloud Spectator recently did a study of the different cloud providers, like all of them.
-[377.02 --> 379.46]  Dio, Amazon, Google.
-[379.46 --> 383.78]  Google looked at Azure, all of them, put them in there, and saw who was the fastest.
-[384.28 --> 392.50]  And one of the things that really makes Linode stand out is their dedicated CPU rigs have AMD EPYC processors that are just cranking faster than the other providers.
-[392.50 --> 398.56]  And Linode's disk storage is super fast, so you can feed those processors faster than the other providers.
-[398.56 --> 411.02]  And what Cloud Spectator survey shows is that not only does Linode have the best CPU and disk performance, but it has the best continuous performance as well, which really matters when you have large jobs that need processing or you're getting a lot of traffic.
-[411.18 --> 412.56]  You need that sustained performance.
-[413.46 --> 417.16]  I mean, Linode started in 2003 as one of the first companies in cloud computing.
-[417.16 --> 419.08]  So they really know what they're doing.
-[419.28 --> 424.76]  They're independently owned and founded on a love for Linux open source technologies and the community that surrounds them.
-[425.06 --> 426.94]  So just go try what I'm talking about.
-[427.12 --> 428.86]  I've told you about the object storage before.
-[428.98 --> 430.66]  I've told you about the cloud firewall before.
-[430.74 --> 432.34]  There's a lot to check out with Linode.
-[432.48 --> 435.20]  And what they've chosen to do, they do really well.
-[435.50 --> 436.72]  So go spend that $100.
-[437.44 --> 439.32]  Linode.com slash SSH.
-[439.46 --> 442.04]  Go see what I've been talking about and support the show.
-[442.38 --> 444.38]  Linode.com slash SSH.
-[444.38 --> 452.00]  Well, I'm delighted to welcome to the show somebody whose work I've been following for many years as an Ansible user.
-[452.26 --> 454.12]  We have Jeff Geerling on the show today.
-[454.22 --> 454.72]  Welcome, Jeff.
-[455.18 --> 456.24]  Thanks for having me.
-[456.60 --> 457.50]  Thank you for being here.
-[457.86 --> 462.18]  And more recently, of course, a YouTube extraordinaire content creator.
-[462.62 --> 464.04]  Yeah, that's how I came to know you.
-[464.38 --> 464.66]  Yeah.
-[465.14 --> 468.32]  So you've been doing a lot of videos lately on the Raspberry Pi 4 compute module.
-[468.42 --> 469.90]  I thought we'd talk to you a little bit about that.
-[469.90 --> 478.42]  But before we get to that side of the discussion, I wanted to sort of talk to you a little bit about what I knew you for first, which was Ansible.
-[478.64 --> 483.54]  So you have a really rather excellent 101 getting started course.
-[483.54 --> 494.10]  Before Jeff Geerling existed and created this, you know, de facto guide for people getting started with Ansible, how did you get involved with the project?
-[494.10 --> 500.10]  I started off by having a few servers, then many servers, and then dozens of servers.
-[500.36 --> 506.32]  And once I went from many to dozens, I realized I had to switch to some sort of configuration management system.
-[507.12 --> 509.66]  And at the time, Ansible was pretty much brand new.
-[510.14 --> 516.76]  That was 2012, 2013, when I was making that transition from shell scripts and runbooks to something more formal.
-[516.76 --> 519.62]  So I tried out Chef, but I'm not a Ruby developer.
-[520.32 --> 522.18]  And I didn't really like it.
-[522.38 --> 529.74]  It felt too much like programming to me and learning Ruby when, you know, I did PHP and Node.js and things like that.
-[530.14 --> 533.20]  So I got into Ansible at that time.
-[533.52 --> 538.34]  And at the time, it was so simple that you could pick everything up in a day.
-[538.36 --> 542.48]  And it was focused really on just Linux administration, not all the other things that it does today.
-[542.48 --> 547.82]  Um, but the documentation was great, but there wasn't a ton of examples out there.
-[547.98 --> 551.36]  So I just started blogging about my experiences.
-[551.36 --> 554.00]  And then I realized that there wasn't a book for it.
-[554.10 --> 561.80]  So I put my blog post together into like a 50 page sampler thing and stuck it onto LeanPub,
-[561.90 --> 566.20]  which was also pretty new at the time, and started self-publishing this little ebook.
-[566.20 --> 572.78]  And my goal was to maybe sell 100 copies or 200 copies and, you know, help some people learn Ansible.
-[573.10 --> 577.96]  And lo and behold, a couple of years later, since it was one of the first books on Ansible,
-[578.08 --> 580.28]  it became one of the most purchased books.
-[580.50 --> 584.20]  And to this point, I don't remember how many tens of thousands of books I've sold,
-[584.34 --> 587.46]  but lots of thousands of books have been sold.
-[588.10 --> 594.90]  It was the number one bestseller for infrastructure automation for a number of periods on Amazon.
-[594.90 --> 600.82]  And has been in the top five, top 10 books on LeanPub for years now, too.
-[601.18 --> 601.54]  Congratulations.
-[602.30 --> 602.86]  Yeah, thanks.
-[603.06 --> 603.88]  I don't doubt it.
-[604.10 --> 609.62]  You know, every time you search for anything related to a specific role or something like
-[609.62 --> 613.86]  that for Ansible, you're looking, there's a Jeff Geerling role in there in Ansible Galaxy.
-[614.28 --> 618.54]  So some of our listeners will be familiar with Ansible, but some won't.
-[618.64 --> 622.12]  So what's your quick kind of elevator pitch of what Ansible is and does?
-[622.12 --> 627.36]  There's an XKCD about whether or not you should automate something.
-[628.06 --> 631.14]  And I think that that's a good illustration of what Ansible is.
-[631.26 --> 635.68]  Once you reach the point where you're doing something, maybe to a group of computers or
-[635.68 --> 640.34]  to network switches or to servers, or even I use it to manage my own computer.
-[640.46 --> 645.40]  If you're doing a repetitive task that can be automated, Ansible can automate that.
-[645.60 --> 647.94]  Almost anything in the world that has to do with technology.
-[647.94 --> 650.82]  So that's what it does.
-[650.94 --> 652.02]  And it's very simple.
-[652.22 --> 657.54]  That's the big selling point for it compared to other tools is it uses YAML configuration,
-[657.92 --> 660.66]  which is very approachable, very easy to learn.
-[661.10 --> 666.74]  And that's why I liked it over the other solutions at the time, Chef and Puppet that I was looking at.
-[666.74 --> 674.54]  People back in 2012, 13 time were just moaning about how YAML was so complicated with its white space.
-[674.60 --> 681.24]  And I never quite understood the hate, to be honest with you, because JSON, people say,
-[681.42 --> 682.66]  oh, I'd much rather write JSON.
-[682.82 --> 683.80]  I'm like, are you mad?
-[685.12 --> 686.52]  YAML is way easier to work with.
-[686.52 --> 695.92]  Yeah, I think a lot of people maybe don't, they aren't used to having like a code editor do formatting for them and things like that.
-[696.00 --> 701.66]  It's much more common nowadays, especially in the infrastructure space than it was 10 years ago.
-[701.90 --> 703.44]  And I think that's the biggest difference.
-[703.58 --> 709.52]  Nowadays, YAML, people complain about it mostly because they see people do things that you shouldn't do in YAML.
-[709.52 --> 712.98]  But back then it was more the syntax and the formatting.
-[713.16 --> 717.56]  They're like, I could put in anything in JSON or God forbid, XML.
-[718.56 --> 720.52]  But, you know, YAML is going to complain about it.
-[720.64 --> 725.38]  And I think nowadays we're past the formatting stage and we're into the, you know,
-[725.46 --> 730.64]  what could be a next generation format for configuration that's even better than YAML because it does have shortcomings.
-[730.82 --> 739.30]  But it's, in my opinion, it's a thousand times better than JSON, XML and SOAP and all the other protocols we used to have to know to be able to configure things.
-[739.52 --> 740.44]  Couldn't agree more.
-[740.76 --> 740.94]  Yeah.
-[741.24 --> 747.90]  So I think, you know, speaking of things that people shouldn't do, turning Ansible into a programming language is probably up there, right?
-[748.02 --> 750.36]  I mean, you can do some pretty crazy stuff in Ansible.
-[750.72 --> 753.92]  And my day job is related to OpenShift at Red Hat.
-[754.10 --> 759.02]  And a lot of the OpenShift installer stuff for version three, the last major version,
-[759.72 --> 764.76]  there was some pretty crazy hacky stuff going on in those Ansible playbooks and stuff like that.
-[764.92 --> 767.98]  But what's the most crazy thing that you've seen with Ansible?
-[767.98 --> 772.76]  I think it's the abuse of the when condition in tasks.
-[773.44 --> 778.16]  When your when condition is longer than the rest of your Ansible task for a given piece of automation,
-[778.52 --> 779.84]  I think that's where you've failed.
-[780.46 --> 784.38]  At that point, in Ansible, you can write modules in Python.
-[784.58 --> 789.76]  You can actually, there are ways to write modules in other languages too, but typically you'd write it in Python.
-[790.30 --> 794.74]  And if you're going to use complex logic to determine whether to do something or how to do something,
-[794.74 --> 796.58]  that should be in Python.
-[796.88 --> 802.90]  At that point, you're getting into advanced Ansible usage that requires you to have some of that programming knowledge.
-[803.48 --> 806.30]  Programming in YAML is a terrible, terrible idea.
-[806.54 --> 807.22]  Never do it.
-[807.62 --> 812.18]  Every time I have gone further than an if-then or an if-else type condition,
-[812.36 --> 813.46]  I've regretted it.
-[813.52 --> 814.62]  And the maintenance is a nightmare.
-[814.62 --> 820.28]  And then there's always the ginger 2 stuff that people do, the crazy templating, for loops, all that kind of stuff.
-[820.60 --> 821.12]  So yeah.
-[821.52 --> 823.30]  Anyway, should we talk about Ansible 3 for a minute?
-[823.54 --> 826.96]  There's been a big release in the last few weeks of Ansible 3.0,
-[827.04 --> 830.58]  which brings a lot of changes to the way in which modules are delivered to users.
-[830.86 --> 832.52]  What do you make of all that change?
-[832.52 --> 834.80]  It's been an interesting transition.
-[835.18 --> 840.78]  And I think it's ongoing and will be ongoing for another period of time, six months to a year, probably.
-[841.36 --> 847.72]  Mostly because Ansible 2.9, which is the previous major version of what you would get when you installed Ansible
-[847.72 --> 850.52]  using PIP or a package manager or something like that.
-[851.06 --> 853.62]  Ansible 2.9 will still be supported for a while.
-[853.62 --> 859.58]  Ansible, mostly because I think there's just a lot of people who the transition to the new version of Ansible
-[859.58 --> 863.50]  does introduce some changes that could impact people's workflows a little bit.
-[864.04 --> 867.94]  The good thing about the transition is that all my existing playbooks,
-[868.00 --> 870.54]  and I have a ton of playbooks that do a ton of different things,
-[871.04 --> 876.54]  they all work fine if I just upgrade Ansible using PIP, which is the Python package manager.
-[876.94 --> 881.82]  There are other ways to install Ansible that might not work with Ansible 3 the same way anymore.
-[881.82 --> 883.28]  So you have to watch out for that.
-[883.46 --> 886.96]  And that's why I always recommend using PIP to install it.
-[887.16 --> 889.92]  It's a Python program and PIP is the preferred way.
-[890.66 --> 898.72]  But the big, big change is that collections of modules used to all be maintained in one giant code base.
-[899.26 --> 902.06]  And there were various reasons that was not very sustainable.
-[902.76 --> 906.58]  There were something like 4,000 or 5,000 different plugins and modules.
-[906.84 --> 910.28]  And the core team of developers who managed the releases and things,
-[910.28 --> 911.66]  it was just a lot to coordinate.
-[912.28 --> 917.30]  So the main goal was to move all of that content out into smaller collections
-[917.30 --> 921.34]  that could be maintained by people with more knowledge of just the modules in that collection.
-[921.50 --> 927.90]  Like, there's no reason why a, let's say, an F5 network load balancing module
-[927.90 --> 935.86]  should be under the same maintenance umbrella as a, I don't know, like a email script thing.
-[935.86 --> 941.66]  All these different modules were lumped together from network vendors and storage vendors and cloud vendors and Linux and Windows.
-[941.96 --> 943.56]  So now it's all broken out.
-[944.18 --> 950.88]  But the challenge has been making it all come together back into what we install if we do a PIP install Ansible.
-[950.88 --> 957.16]  And the nice thing is it all works, but the downside is there are a few little bumps,
-[957.26 --> 959.36]  especially if you have specialized use cases.
-[959.62 --> 966.94]  But another cool side effect is you could install Ansible without all that stuff and just add in the few things you need.
-[967.04 --> 971.26]  So if you just do Linux administration, you can install Ansible plus the Linux modules
-[971.26 --> 975.16]  and not install Windows, not install networking, not install cloud.
-[975.16 --> 981.00]  So it does offer some flexibility, but I think there's going to be some growing pains over the next year.
-[981.40 --> 983.50]  We've seen that trend quite a lot in technology at the moment.
-[983.84 --> 987.98]  You know, Docker being an example with Podman coming along to kind of break that out into,
-[988.22 --> 992.18]  you know, being less of a monolith type deployment model.
-[992.64 --> 994.12]  So I think it's a good thing personally.
-[994.50 --> 998.14]  And, you know, the work that's gone in has clearly been very well thought out.
-[998.14 --> 1005.48]  Are there any particularly good resources that you'd recommend people visit to get their head around what the major changes are?
-[1005.92 --> 1010.08]  The documentation is the best place to know what's going on.
-[1010.16 --> 1014.32]  There's not only is there a guide for upgrading Ansible in the release notes.
-[1015.18 --> 1022.06]  And if you are involved in using Ansible, I would highly recommend subscribing to the Ansible project mailing list on Google Groups.
-[1022.28 --> 1025.94]  But the guides and the documentation are by far the best.
-[1025.94 --> 1032.10]  They encapsulate everything that I could ever think of that people could be that could affect someone's workflow.
-[1032.96 --> 1035.84]  And also, I did update my book recently.
-[1035.84 --> 1042.64]  So if you are interested in learning Ansible and you don't know it yet, Ansible for DevOps has a major second revision.
-[1042.84 --> 1045.22]  I've actually revised it 25 times now.
-[1045.72 --> 1051.00]  But a major revision happened to incorporate some of the information about collections, especially.
-[1051.00 --> 1056.96]  And I'm still working on fully revising the book to be up to date with Ansible 3.
-[1057.60 --> 1058.30]  It all works.
-[1058.38 --> 1060.90]  It's just there are some things that could be optimized a little more.
-[1060.90 --> 1065.12]  Datadog.com slash self-hosted.
-[1065.28 --> 1072.00]  Analyze code level performance across your entire environment and troubleshoot issues faster with Datadog.
-[1072.38 --> 1078.60]  Datadog has a continuous profiler that automatically collects profiles from your production servers all the time.
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-[1141.44 --> 1144.78]  So that's datadog.com slash self-hosted.
-[1144.78 --> 1148.84]  So Jeff, I've been watching on your YouTube channel.
-[1148.96 --> 1152.36]  You've been doing the impossible with Raspberry Pis.
-[1152.46 --> 1156.88]  I'm talking like, I think one of your setups was like 10 SATA disks.
-[1157.36 --> 1158.74]  16 hard drives.
-[1159.08 --> 1160.02]  How is this possible?
-[1160.14 --> 1161.72]  How is this madness accomplished?
-[1161.88 --> 1165.76]  Is it all with using the new Pi compute module?
-[1165.76 --> 1166.24]  Yes.
-[1166.68 --> 1174.34]  And the funny thing is the Raspberry Pi 4, the one that's been out since I think 2019, that was the Pi Day release back then.
-[1174.82 --> 1178.46]  The Raspberry Pi 4 actually has the same processor and capabilities.
-[1178.78 --> 1185.18]  But the big difference the compute module has is it exposes the internal PCI Express lane.
-[1185.40 --> 1185.64]  Yeah.
-[1185.64 --> 1187.14]  And that's the big game changer.
-[1187.26 --> 1189.58]  With the Pi 4, you could hack it.
-[1189.64 --> 1194.72]  You could desolder a chip on it, the VL805 chip that controls USB 3.
-[1194.78 --> 1199.42]  You could desolder that, wire up some jumpers, and get PCI through it.
-[1199.50 --> 1200.86]  And a couple people actually did that.
-[1200.92 --> 1204.28]  That was the first time that I started working with the compute module.
-[1204.28 --> 1211.96]  I was looking at their work because PCI Express support is rudimentary right now on Raspberry Pi OS.
-[1212.38 --> 1216.42]  And they were kind of like the groundbreaking people that got that going.
-[1217.06 --> 1224.30]  But the compute module 4 includes a standard PCI Express slot on the I.O. board that you can buy with it.
-[1224.84 --> 1230.64]  And the cool thing is that a lot of people are building boards around it that have different PCI form factors.
-[1230.64 --> 1244.74]  So M.2 slots for things like LTE modems or for storage with NVMe drives or SATA drives that are either in M.2 form factor or using a SATA controller.
-[1244.88 --> 1247.34]  And you can plug in hard drives and things like that.
-[1248.00 --> 1250.06]  So a really cool thing happened.
-[1250.20 --> 1254.38]  Somebody from Broadcom actually contacted me after they saw some of the work I was doing and said,
-[1254.48 --> 1258.88]  Hey, we want to see if we can get a hardware RAID controller, an enterprise storage controller.
-[1258.88 --> 1260.88]  These things cost like a thousand bucks.
-[1261.54 --> 1263.42]  We want to see if we can get that working on a Pi.
-[1263.66 --> 1264.98]  And we can't get a Pi.
-[1265.24 --> 1273.82]  Like they work at Broadcom, but they had trouble sourcing a Raspberry Pi because the compute module 4 has been in such high demand since the launch.
-[1274.54 --> 1275.78]  So they shipped me the card.
-[1275.90 --> 1280.34]  They shipped me a storage controller and had me work with a couple of storage engineers.
-[1280.48 --> 1282.22]  And we got it working.
-[1282.22 --> 1285.18]  So at that point, I had eight drives on the Pi.
-[1285.28 --> 1289.02]  But then I found that I could also plug in eight more drives with the card I had.
-[1289.18 --> 1294.96]  So I did a live stream and got all 16 hard drives plugged into the Pi and in one giant RAID array.
-[1295.50 --> 1295.72]  Wow.
-[1295.92 --> 1296.60]  How was performance?
-[1297.10 --> 1297.28]  Yeah.
-[1297.34 --> 1297.80]  How is it?
-[1297.82 --> 1298.08]  Because, right?
-[1298.16 --> 1303.56]  I mean, that's always the thing about the Pi is everybody says the Pi 4 is great, except for the IO really limits it now.
-[1303.64 --> 1305.36]  But this seems like that changes that a little bit.
-[1305.56 --> 1306.72]  It changes it a little bit.
-[1306.78 --> 1308.64]  It doesn't fix all the problems.
-[1308.64 --> 1309.54]  That's for sure.
-[1309.92 --> 1314.26]  The big problem is that it's X1, a Pi 1 lane.
-[1314.46 --> 1314.64]  Yeah.
-[1314.88 --> 1318.22]  So it's PCI Express Gen 2 by 1.
-[1318.68 --> 1323.44]  And the maximum throughput you can get with that is 5 gigabits per second.
-[1324.16 --> 1325.82]  But that's theoretical.
-[1326.04 --> 1330.40]  So the maximum real-world throughput that I've gotten, I've tested 10 gig Ethernet.
-[1330.48 --> 1331.76]  I've tested the storage controller.
-[1331.88 --> 1334.34]  I've tested all kinds of different crazy things so far.
-[1334.34 --> 1341.52]  And the maximum real-world throughput is about 3.2 gigabits, a little over 400 megabytes per second.
-[1342.06 --> 1345.22]  So I threw this hardware RAID storage controller on it.
-[1345.30 --> 1348.02]  It could do like 10 gigabytes per second.
-[1348.30 --> 1350.94]  But I can only put through 400 megabytes per second.
-[1350.94 --> 1358.84]  So it's not going to give you magically access to all of the wonderful things you could throw into like a modern Threadripper PC.
-[1358.84 --> 1367.60]  But it does give us a lot more options than with the Pi 4 where you just have USB 3.0, which has its own limitations.
-[1368.22 --> 1373.30]  I mean, the fact that you could have redundant storage is an upgrade beyond the fact that it's slightly faster too.
-[1373.76 --> 1380.46]  But do you think this kind of is maybe an indication of where the Pi is going to go?
-[1380.58 --> 1384.22]  Is this compute module a hint of what we might see maybe in the Pi 5?
-[1384.22 --> 1385.20]  I hope so.
-[1385.58 --> 1389.58]  Another thing to keep in mind is there are a lot of Pi competitors.
-[1389.94 --> 1393.32]  And it's, you know, which one is going to be the Pi killer?
-[1393.48 --> 1404.68]  Nothing's going to kill the Raspberry Pi just because the Raspberry Pi has a community and a force behind it that is unparalleled in all the other kind of makerspace single board computing realm.
-[1405.12 --> 1411.98]  And don't you think that's kind of the advantage of using the compute module in another board versus getting an SBC that just has all this stuff?
-[1411.98 --> 1416.90]  It's like you're getting the Raspberry Pi ecosystem with some of these cool new toys.
-[1417.24 --> 1417.68]  Yeah, yeah.
-[1417.84 --> 1423.22]  On the flip side, though, there are some boards like the, what is it, the Rockchip RX?
-[1423.58 --> 1425.22]  I forget what the specific chip is.
-[1425.38 --> 1425.98]  Rockchip Pro.
-[1426.18 --> 1428.54]  Yeah, it has a Pi 4 lane.
-[1428.68 --> 1434.38]  So you get more bandwidth and more lanes so that you can do more with it and have more I.O. speed.
-[1434.38 --> 1439.34]  There's still limitations just based on the fact that the CPU is not super fast.
-[1439.50 --> 1451.04]  And even if you give it, you know, let's say we get 10 gigabits or 20 gigabits of throughput, the CPU is going to be limited in other ways on these cheaper ARM SBCs like the Raspberry Pi.
-[1451.42 --> 1461.48]  For instance, today I'm doing some testing for a 2.5 gigabit NAS that I'm building with a Pi to see if it can compete with an out of the box NAS from QNAP or Synology or something like that.
-[1461.48 --> 1473.46]  And without overclocking the CPU, I can only pump through 1.7 gigabits of network traffic because the way the CPU is architected, all packets go on one core on the CPU.
-[1473.62 --> 1475.80]  It's a four core CPU, so it could support more.
-[1476.18 --> 1481.40]  But the way the network throughput works on the Pi, it's stuck on one core and it maxes out.
-[1481.52 --> 1483.50]  So you have to overclock it to get more speed.
-[1483.70 --> 1487.50]  I think, you know, there are two things I really want to see in the next Pi.
-[1487.64 --> 1489.76]  One is maybe more PCI bandwidth.
-[1489.76 --> 1492.54]  The other is just a faster CPU.
-[1492.82 --> 1494.04]  And we've seen what's possible.
-[1494.22 --> 1505.08]  Apple with their M series, even the A series, just blows away the competition in terms of performance per watt and, you know, single threaded performance for any kind of mobile device.
-[1505.70 --> 1510.34]  So I think that the ARM SBCs have a bright future.
-[1510.34 --> 1517.46]  And that's, I'm hoping that IO speed and CPU speed, which is becoming the bottleneck for a lot of my projects.
-[1517.90 --> 1520.34]  Those are the two things I really hope to see improved.
-[1520.76 --> 1522.82]  I wonder where you come up with some of these ideas, man.
-[1522.94 --> 1524.32]  Now your head must be an interesting place.
-[1524.32 --> 1529.62]  If you want to come over to my house sometime, I will show you the pile.
-[1529.78 --> 1532.82]  I have so many projects that I really, really want to work on.
-[1533.40 --> 1536.30]  And I don't think I'll get to them in the next few months, unfortunately.
-[1536.60 --> 1537.16]  Are you near me?
-[1537.24 --> 1537.90]  Are you in Raleigh?
-[1537.98 --> 1539.88]  No, I'm in St. Louis, Missouri.
-[1540.10 --> 1543.16]  But, you know, fly over here after the coronavirus is over.
-[1543.56 --> 1545.16]  Oh, maybe one day we'll do another road trip.
-[1545.24 --> 1545.56]  Hey, Chris?
-[1545.90 --> 1546.52]  Yeah, for sure.
-[1546.60 --> 1547.74]  I don't think that's a maybe.
-[1547.88 --> 1549.02]  Nothing about that's a maybe.
-[1549.02 --> 1553.84]  So if we were to come visit, what kind of stuff would we see you self-hosting in your place?
-[1554.24 --> 1558.68]  Right now, the major thing that I'm hosting is pydramble.com.
-[1558.80 --> 1560.74]  This has been a project since 2014.
-[1560.94 --> 1561.88]  I started doing it.
-[1562.10 --> 1568.54]  It was to see if I could host a Drupal site specifically, because I'm involved in the Drupal open source community.
-[1569.10 --> 1578.10]  If I could host Drupal in my house long term, and that site has had 99.997 or 8 uptime since 2014.
-[1578.10 --> 1579.64]  Running on Raspberry Pis.
-[1579.74 --> 1581.20]  Now, I cheated in 2016.
-[1581.20 --> 1585.46]  I switched to use Cloudflare as a front end, but the cache is only 30 minutes.
-[1586.02 --> 1589.14]  So if I do have a major outage, it will go down after 30 minutes.
-[1589.42 --> 1590.66]  So I don't think that's cheating.
-[1590.74 --> 1591.64]  That's just good engineering.
-[1592.42 --> 1597.98]  Yeah, well, I was getting tired of, you know, if my ISP goes down for two minutes, I would get a notification.
-[1598.32 --> 1602.08]  I was going to say, like, how have you managed to have ISP uptime that high at home?
-[1602.22 --> 1603.46]  That was the most impressive part.
-[1603.58 --> 1605.96]  Well, I've switched to in St. Louis.
-[1605.96 --> 1607.80]  Of course, we have spectrum, but...
-[1607.80 --> 1608.48]  Yeah, me too.
-[1608.66 --> 1609.20]  It sucks.
-[1609.40 --> 1614.06]  Yeah, it's difficult because the ISPs, they have a monopoly, basically.
-[1614.30 --> 1619.58]  And another fun thing that I'm going to be trying, I actually just got last week a Starlink.
-[1619.84 --> 1620.28]  Awesome.
-[1620.28 --> 1622.58]  And I'm going to be testing it out.
-[1623.74 --> 1631.98]  My ultimate goal is to have, either through the router, I have an ASUS router, either through that or maybe through a Raspberry Pi.
-[1632.64 --> 1636.00]  I'm also testing a router build using a Raspberry Pi compute module.
-[1636.26 --> 1636.54]  Of course.
-[1636.54 --> 1642.84]  Having a redundant link that will automatically fail over and possibly do link aggregation.
-[1643.00 --> 1644.92]  But for now, I just care about the redundancy.
-[1645.38 --> 1647.22]  Just because I do work from home.
-[1647.50 --> 1648.06]  I do streaming.
-[1648.28 --> 1649.60]  I do video uploads.
-[1649.60 --> 1652.14]  And I just, I need a lot of bandwidth and I need reliability.
-[1652.14 --> 1656.14]  And I do want to host more besides just the Pi Dramble site.
-[1656.36 --> 1658.72]  I want to host my personal site here at some point.
-[1658.80 --> 1666.52]  I want to host some other things that are more high impact and, you know, could survive an outage of one of the two network links, which Starlink could give me.
-[1666.78 --> 1671.38]  I don't think we've seen many people discussing hosting services on Starlink, either.
-[1671.68 --> 1674.24]  I'd be curious to see what they allow, what can get through.
-[1674.90 --> 1675.60]  Have you heard much?
-[1676.10 --> 1677.38]  It's a mixed story there.
-[1677.48 --> 1680.10]  So they don't give you a consistent IP address.
-[1680.22 --> 1684.36]  And they also don't, they don't pass through traffic in a way that you can host directly from home.
-[1684.44 --> 1685.98]  So I'd have to use some sort of proxy.
-[1686.52 --> 1694.76]  And I, you know, I can have a, one of the VPSs I have at DigitalOcean or something like that pass through the traffic for me.
-[1695.12 --> 1695.22]  Sure.
-[1695.42 --> 1700.46]  So give us an idea of what other, so I heard you have a, sounded like you're running Drupal on a Raspberry Pi server.
-[1700.74 --> 1702.92]  Any x86 boxes in that mix we'd see?
-[1702.92 --> 1711.94]  I do have one x86 server that mostly what it's doing is allowing me to RDP into it and do Windows things when I need to.
-[1712.12 --> 1714.10]  It's running Windows 10 Pro.
-[1714.34 --> 1719.48]  And I use it for a lot of network testing because it has a Mellanox card inside of it.
-[1719.50 --> 1721.66]  So I can get 10 gig network tests done on it.
-[1722.20 --> 1724.80]  Especially if it's a long test that's going to take a few hours.
-[1724.94 --> 1727.44]  I don't want to do it on my main workstation, which is a laptop.
-[1727.88 --> 1730.04]  Because then it's stuck wherever I have it running.
-[1730.42 --> 1731.20]  Yeah, I know that.
-[1731.20 --> 1733.38]  Like, why did I start that job on the laptop?
-[1733.60 --> 1734.04]  Dang it.
-[1734.56 --> 1734.92]  Exactly.
-[1736.08 --> 1739.08]  And then you have to come back downstairs later and find it.
-[1739.64 --> 1746.02]  And then the other things that I do, I have a couple PIs that run around the clock doing just little tasks around the house.
-[1746.02 --> 1754.94]  Checking on things, keeping track of temperature and like my sump pump, checking the level of the pit and just logging that data.
-[1754.94 --> 1762.80]  The other thing that I have running right now, and this is part of the motivation for all this Pi experimentation, is I have a 2011 Mac Mini.
-[1763.32 --> 1764.06]  Super old.
-[1764.78 --> 1766.54]  The OS is not even supported on it.
-[1766.56 --> 1767.52]  I can't upgrade it anymore.
-[1767.98 --> 1771.84]  It's still my primary network storage device, which is terrible.
-[1771.84 --> 1777.68]  Like, I've set up all these different NASAs and things, and I still am using this Mac Mini, which has USB 2.
-[1778.00 --> 1784.74]  So my external 12 terabyte single hard drive, not a RAID, my single hard drive is running at USB 2 speed.
-[1784.86 --> 1789.78]  So I'm doing file copies with, you know, 20 gigs, 40 gigs at 30 megabytes per second.
-[1789.78 --> 1792.16]  So this would be a bad time to ask you how many terabytes.
-[1792.32 --> 1796.92]  One of the questions we tend to ask all of our guests is how many terabytes do you have on your LAN?
-[1796.96 --> 1800.18]  And we had Wendell on a few months ago, and I think he had a petabyte.
-[1800.62 --> 1803.48]  So maybe you won't quite match that.
-[1803.54 --> 1804.52]  But how many do you have, Jeff?
-[1804.72 --> 1805.44]  No, no.
-[1806.18 --> 1808.94]  Online right now, I have about 24 terabytes.
-[1809.36 --> 1813.26]  But in the house, I have about 60 or so.
-[1814.08 --> 1821.02]  There's a lot of terabytes of hard drives that are sitting on my desk over there that are being tested and not in use.
-[1821.12 --> 1825.76]  Because when you're testing, you don't want to have production data on a hard drive you're running benchmarks against.
-[1826.12 --> 1828.02]  Ready to go in that NAS you were talking about.
-[1828.58 --> 1829.40]  Yes, yeah.
-[1829.40 --> 1841.78]  And the other thing that I mentioned on, I don't remember if it was a video or a live stream, but my goal is at some point in the next year, if I can get a storage vendor to work with me, I would love to build a petabyte Pi.
-[1841.78 --> 1845.32]  Have one Raspberry Pi controlling a petabyte of storage.
-[1845.48 --> 1847.08]  I think that would be something fun.
-[1847.16 --> 1848.96]  It'd be 400 megabytes per second.
-[1849.50 --> 1852.22]  It'd be such a waste, but it'd be so cool to see that.
-[1852.60 --> 1854.72]  Petabyte Pi project rolls off the tongue, too.
-[1854.78 --> 1855.14]  I like it.
-[1855.22 --> 1855.92]  It's bop, bop, bop.
-[1856.20 --> 1856.60]  Exactly.
-[1856.96 --> 1859.60]  Is a petabyte 1,000 or 100 terabytes?
-[1859.70 --> 1860.36]  I can never remember.
-[1860.52 --> 1860.92]  1,000.
-[1861.32 --> 1862.02]  Oh, my goodness.
-[1862.18 --> 1863.06]  How would you even do that?
-[1863.76 --> 1864.16]  Wow.
-[1864.54 --> 1864.68]  Yeah.
-[1864.86 --> 1866.62]  You've got to get at least 100 hard drives.
-[1866.62 --> 1870.48]  So it would not be super fun to do the project.
-[1870.68 --> 1871.76]  I mean, it'd be super fun.
-[1871.96 --> 1881.76]  But the hardware, I would probably have to build a rack or something and figure out a place, maybe in my wood workshop or something, to try to fit that.
-[1881.98 --> 1885.36]  If you've got a 3D printer, you could probably rustle something up with one of those.
-[1885.54 --> 1886.18]  There you go.
-[1886.46 --> 1887.36]  How did I know?
-[1887.44 --> 1888.20]  How did I know?
-[1888.28 --> 1889.68]  That would be your suggestion, Alex.
-[1889.68 --> 1894.36]  Well, see, this is why I'm going to say subscribe to your channel, Jeff, because there's just some great videos over there.
-[1894.52 --> 1896.86]  And maybe one day I'll see that project on there.
-[1897.18 --> 1897.74]  I hope so.
-[1897.90 --> 1898.52]  That would be fun.
-[1898.76 --> 1904.20]  Well, Jeff, before we get out of here, I was wondering if there's any way you'd like to send people your channel or Twitter or something like that.
-[1904.62 --> 1908.10]  Everything is linked from my personal website, jeffgearling.com.
-[1908.62 --> 1913.40]  I started my personal site back in 2001 or 2002 or something like that.
-[1913.88 --> 1916.98]  And I like to have my data in my site.
-[1916.98 --> 1919.54]  So I typically post things preferentially there.
-[1920.46 --> 1924.22]  And, you know, I can't do video hosting and things like that.
-[1924.36 --> 1931.56]  I could, and I actually did at one point, but I realized that YouTube does it way better than I ever could with streaming and all that kind of stuff.
-[1931.66 --> 1933.92]  So I like to take ownership of that.
-[1934.08 --> 1936.96]  So jeffgearling.com is where I throw everything primarily.
-[1937.16 --> 1939.58]  And then you can go to the other sites from there.
-[1940.02 --> 1941.28]  We'll have a link in our show notes, too.
-[1941.38 --> 1942.26]  Thanks for joining us, Jeff.
-[1942.56 --> 1944.00]  Yeah, thanks so much for having me.
-[1944.00 --> 1947.28]  And a big thank you from me because you saved my bacon.
-[1947.84 --> 1951.20]  I can't count the number of times with the roles on Ansible Galaxy.
-[1951.46 --> 1952.68]  So huge, huge past Alex.
-[1952.84 --> 1953.78]  Thanks, current Jeff.
-[1956.82 --> 1959.42]  Well, now I'm even more excited about the Raspberry Pi.
-[1959.56 --> 1960.58]  Thanks to Jeff for coming on.
-[1960.62 --> 1964.74]  And of course, like we said, we have links to his channel and everything in the show notes.
-[1964.94 --> 1968.40]  And I want to mention you can find our sponsor, Cloud Guru, on social media.
-[1968.40 --> 1973.76]  It's just slash a Cloud Guru at YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, like all the social media platforms.
-[1973.84 --> 1974.68]  Just slash a Cloud Guru.
-[1974.80 --> 1975.88]  It's super, super easy.
-[1976.34 --> 1980.24]  And a big thank you to our members over at selfhosted.show slash SRE.
-[1980.46 --> 1982.54]  Our site reliability engineers support the show.
-[1982.86 --> 1987.54]  You guys get a limited ad feed and a little bit of extra post show every week.
-[1987.88 --> 1988.10]  Oh, yeah.
-[1988.10 --> 1989.74]  I haven't told you what I want to talk about yet.
-[1989.80 --> 1991.28]  That's coming up for the members.
-[1991.46 --> 1991.94]  No, no.
-[1992.00 --> 1993.32]  It's going to be a surprise to me, too.
-[1994.04 --> 1996.20]  And you can go to selfhosted.show slash contact.
-[1996.42 --> 1998.06]  That's the place to go to get in touch with us.
-[1998.06 --> 1999.78]  I'm on Twitter at ironicbadger.
-[2000.18 --> 2001.84]  Yeah, I'm there, too, at Chris LAS.
-[2002.06 --> 2004.66]  And the show is at selfhostedshow.
-[2004.80 --> 2006.78]  And don't forget the network at Jupyter Signal.
-[2007.26 --> 2008.20]  Thanks for listening, everyone.
-[2008.40 --> 2010.66]  That was selfhosted.show slash 41.
+[0.00 --> 4.96]  Coming up on today's show, we have Jeff Geerling. You may know him as Geerling Guy in Ansible Galaxy.
+[5.42 --> 8.62]  He's also on a bunch of work recently with the Raspberry Pi.
+[9.48 --> 16.28]  Chris loses his mind a little bit when Jeff tells him how he hooked up 16, yes, 16 drives to a Raspberry Pi.
+[16.70 --> 17.22]  I'm Alex.
+[17.64 --> 19.82]  I'm Chris, and this is Self-Hosted 41.
+[21.06 --> 25.40]  Alex, we have a lot to talk about today, and we also have a special guest.
+[25.40 --> 33.12]  We do indeed, yes. We have Geerling Guy, Jeff Geerling, the Raspberry Pi Ansible maestro, all the sorts of superlatives.
+[33.74 --> 37.52]  My new YouTube habit. I love what he's putting out.
+[37.58 --> 38.78]  Yeah, I thought you might like him.
+[40.04 --> 43.92]  Yeah, I do. I want to say thanks to a Cloud Guru for sponsoring this episode.
+[44.06 --> 47.28]  They are the leader in learning for the cloud, Linux, and other modern tech skills.
+[47.38 --> 49.52]  Get hundreds of courses, thousands of hands-on labs.
+[49.94 --> 53.66]  Get certified, get hired, get learning at cloudguru.com.
+[53.66 --> 58.54]  So the interview really will be the bulk of the show today, because there's so many great things we get into.
+[58.96 --> 64.72]  But before we start, I kind of wanted to chat with you about Nabucasa buying ESP Home.
+[65.24 --> 65.94]  How do you feel about it?
+[65.98 --> 70.18]  I mean, when I first heard the news, I was like, oh, I wasn't quite sure how to feel.
+[70.18 --> 79.32]  And then some more details trickled out about how the original creator, Otto, was, you know, basically burning out.
+[79.32 --> 84.56]  And I think overall, it's a great way to save an open source project.
+[84.56 --> 91.56]  That is one of my personal favorite ways to configure, you know, ESP boards.
+[92.24 --> 94.88]  It's a clear value for the Home Assistant community.
+[95.60 --> 97.34]  And this was, you're right.
+[97.42 --> 100.62]  I had my first read of this was sort of like, I'm not so sure.
+[100.62 --> 103.10]  Because they're a small team with a lot to do.
+[103.42 --> 110.28]  But when you read between the lines, it seems pretty clear that Otto was about to hit the nope out button.
+[110.88 --> 115.46]  And the project would have been left without its leader and lead developer.
+[116.10 --> 119.26]  This is kind of nice because this gives the project room to grow.
+[119.44 --> 121.12]  It'll bring in some new contributors.
+[121.80 --> 123.16]  Otto is taken care of.
+[123.46 --> 126.90]  He's able to participate if he likes, but, you know, he's going to focus on life for a bit.
+[126.94 --> 128.26]  He's shutting down the Patreon account.
+[128.26 --> 131.24]  He doesn't have to worry about the management side of things.
+[131.88 --> 134.72]  And it continues to be a free software project.
+[135.48 --> 141.68]  And if anything, I would expect it will be even tighter integrated into Home Assistant now.
+[141.94 --> 142.98]  We're seeing some of that already.
+[143.48 --> 152.16]  Frank, one of the main developers for Home Assistant, has already made some significant improvements to the VS Code plugins for how that interfaces with ESP Home.
+[152.56 --> 155.44]  So there's some autocomplete stuff coming and things like that.
+[155.44 --> 159.46]  But let's just back up a little bit and explain what ESP Home is.
+[160.10 --> 168.16]  So the way I got started with it was I was programming these ESP8266 single board computers, if you like.
+[168.24 --> 171.80]  They're kind of in the same space as an Arduino, more than a Raspberry Pi.
+[172.06 --> 173.34]  So they don't run a full OS.
+[173.42 --> 175.56]  They actually run a precompiled firmware.
+[175.56 --> 186.20]  And that used to require writing an Arduino sketch and uploading it to the board and, you know, all the stuff that comes with the Arduino IDE and universe and that kind of thing.
+[186.74 --> 194.48]  And what ESP Home does, and it is pure magic in my opinion, is you define the firmware as a YAML file.
+[194.48 --> 205.24]  You add a couple of modules here with a couple of lines to, you know, enable Wi-Fi and then another couple of lines to enable logging and then another couple of lines to enable the Home Assistant API, for example.
+[205.96 --> 217.28]  And then you flash that binary that is generated from the YAML file onto the ESP8266 without having to write a single line of C code or whatever the Arduino equivalent would be.
+[217.28 --> 219.90]  And it just makes it so approachable.
+[220.36 --> 223.84]  Yeah, and there's so many devices that run off this type of firmware out there.
+[224.40 --> 230.04]  And you can really see long term the value that Home Assistant, if Home Assistant can make this even simpler.
+[230.84 --> 238.88]  Imagine a future, if you would, Alex, where Home Assistant could even auto detect devices and guide the user through generating the firmwares.
+[239.18 --> 244.08]  And maybe even has a way to deploy it with some DNS magic or something, depending on the device.
+[244.08 --> 249.62]  But they could really make this a whole inclusive package at some point.
+[250.14 --> 250.66]  Absolutely, they could.
+[250.76 --> 260.44]  Because with this acquisition, Nabu Kasa now owns the copyright to Otto's Code and therefore the ESPHome organization on GitHub and Docker as well.
+[260.74 --> 263.68]  Yeah, and ESPHome.io is a great resource.
+[263.84 --> 266.64]  So if you want to learn a little bit more, go check out ESPHome.io.
+[266.74 --> 268.82]  And of course, we'll have a link in the notes.
+[269.36 --> 271.80]  Which, as always, you can find at selfhosted.show.
+[271.80 --> 275.74]  Linode.com slash SSH.
+[275.86 --> 281.16]  Linode.com slash SSH gives you a $100 60-day credit towards a new account at Linode.
+[281.36 --> 283.18]  And of course, it supports the show.
+[284.04 --> 285.78]  Linode is our cloud hosting provider.
+[285.98 --> 289.42]  Anything we want to try out or anything we put in production, we put it up on Linode.
+[289.58 --> 290.84]  We get emails into the show.
+[290.92 --> 292.40]  We try stuff out on Linode.
+[292.54 --> 294.18]  It's really quick to get going.
+[294.30 --> 296.20]  But also, it's because it's fast.
+[296.38 --> 298.74]  We know it's just going to get done really quick.
+[298.74 --> 302.20]  And sometimes you just want to prototype something as fast as possible.
+[302.42 --> 307.16]  Now, we host all of our major infrastructure for Jupyter Broadcasting 3.0 on Linode, of course.
+[307.82 --> 312.52]  But even the stuff that never makes it public, that never is listener-facing, we run on Linode as well.
+[312.58 --> 313.32]  They're super fast.
+[313.40 --> 324.42]  They have native SSD storage, 40 gigabit network, totally easy to use cloud manager, really simple to take snapshots and get an idea of the last time your computer, or I should say Linode, was backed up.
+[324.42 --> 331.20]  You can really simplify your infrastructure while also reaping the benefits of great performance at a great price.
+[331.66 --> 336.14]  Linode costs 30% to 50% less than AWS or Google Cloud or Azure.
+[336.66 --> 341.22]  And it really works well if you want to just blend a little bit of on-premises and cloud as well.
+[341.34 --> 342.56]  That's how I use it for NextCloud.
+[342.92 --> 345.72]  I have a cloud component to my NextCloud setup on Linode.
+[346.08 --> 351.14]  And then the big bulk of the storage, like the archival stuff, it's all here locally on my LAN.
+[351.26 --> 352.58]  It works fantastic that way.
+[352.58 --> 356.46]  And with 11 data centers worldwide, you're going to find just the right spot to deploy.
+[356.68 --> 364.78]  And you'll rest easy knowing that Linode's rocking fast and has great monitoring tools that can alert you to problems before you even notice them.
+[365.04 --> 369.02]  Of course, these things are really important, but performance matters as well.
+[369.10 --> 370.58]  And Linode has you covered there too.
+[371.02 --> 376.40]  Cloud Spectator recently did a study of the different cloud providers, like all of them.
+[377.02 --> 379.46]  Dio, Amazon, Google.
+[379.46 --> 383.78]  Google looked at Azure, all of them, put them in there, and saw who was the fastest.
+[384.28 --> 392.50]  And one of the things that really makes Linode stand out is their dedicated CPU rigs have AMD EPYC processors that are just cranking faster than the other providers.
+[392.50 --> 398.56]  And Linode's disk storage is super fast, so you can feed those processors faster than the other providers.
+[398.56 --> 411.02]  And what Cloud Spectator survey shows is that not only does Linode have the best CPU and disk performance, but it has the best continuous performance as well, which really matters when you have large jobs that need processing or you're getting a lot of traffic.
+[411.18 --> 412.56]  You need that sustained performance.
+[413.46 --> 417.16]  I mean, Linode started in 2003 as one of the first companies in cloud computing.
+[417.16 --> 419.08]  So they really know what they're doing.
+[419.28 --> 424.76]  They're independently owned and founded on a love for Linux open source technologies and the community that surrounds them.
+[425.06 --> 426.94]  So just go try what I'm talking about.
+[427.12 --> 428.86]  I've told you about the object storage before.
+[428.98 --> 430.66]  I've told you about the cloud firewall before.
+[430.74 --> 432.34]  There's a lot to check out with Linode.
+[432.48 --> 435.20]  And what they've chosen to do, they do really well.
+[435.50 --> 436.72]  So go spend that $100.
+[437.44 --> 439.32]  Linode.com slash SSH.
+[439.46 --> 442.04]  Go see what I've been talking about and support the show.
+[442.38 --> 444.38]  Linode.com slash SSH.
+[444.38 --> 452.00]  Well, I'm delighted to welcome to the show somebody whose work I've been following for many years as an Ansible user.
+[452.26 --> 454.12]  We have Jeff Geerling on the show today.
+[454.22 --> 454.72]  Welcome, Jeff.
+[455.18 --> 456.24]  Thanks for having me.
+[456.60 --> 457.50]  Thank you for being here.
+[457.86 --> 462.18]  And more recently, of course, a YouTube extraordinaire content creator.
+[462.62 --> 464.04]  Yeah, that's how I came to know you.
+[464.38 --> 464.66]  Yeah.
+[465.14 --> 468.32]  So you've been doing a lot of videos lately on the Raspberry Pi 4 compute module.
+[468.42 --> 469.90]  I thought we'd talk to you a little bit about that.
+[469.90 --> 478.42]  But before we get to that side of the discussion, I wanted to sort of talk to you a little bit about what I knew you for first, which was Ansible.
+[478.64 --> 483.54]  So you have a really rather excellent 101 getting started course.
+[483.54 --> 494.10]  Before Jeff Geerling existed and created this, you know, de facto guide for people getting started with Ansible, how did you get involved with the project?
+[494.10 --> 500.10]  I started off by having a few servers, then many servers, and then dozens of servers.
+[500.36 --> 506.32]  And once I went from many to dozens, I realized I had to switch to some sort of configuration management system.
+[507.12 --> 509.66]  And at the time, Ansible was pretty much brand new.
+[510.14 --> 516.76]  That was 2012, 2013, when I was making that transition from shell scripts and runbooks to something more formal.
+[516.76 --> 519.62]  So I tried out Chef, but I'm not a Ruby developer.
+[520.32 --> 522.18]  And I didn't really like it.
+[522.38 --> 529.74]  It felt too much like programming to me and learning Ruby when, you know, I did PHP and Node.js and things like that.
+[530.14 --> 533.20]  So I got into Ansible at that time.
+[533.52 --> 538.34]  And at the time, it was so simple that you could pick everything up in a day.
+[538.36 --> 542.48]  And it was focused really on just Linux administration, not all the other things that it does today.
+[542.48 --> 547.82]  Um, but the documentation was great, but there wasn't a ton of examples out there.
+[547.98 --> 551.36]  So I just started blogging about my experiences.
+[551.36 --> 554.00]  And then I realized that there wasn't a book for it.
+[554.10 --> 561.80]  So I put my blog post together into like a 50 page sampler thing and stuck it onto LeanPub,
+[561.90 --> 566.20]  which was also pretty new at the time, and started self-publishing this little ebook.
+[566.20 --> 572.78]  And my goal was to maybe sell 100 copies or 200 copies and, you know, help some people learn Ansible.
+[573.10 --> 577.96]  And lo and behold, a couple of years later, since it was one of the first books on Ansible,
+[578.08 --> 580.28]  it became one of the most purchased books.
+[580.50 --> 584.20]  And to this point, I don't remember how many tens of thousands of books I've sold,
+[584.34 --> 587.46]  but lots of thousands of books have been sold.
+[588.10 --> 594.90]  It was the number one bestseller for infrastructure automation for a number of periods on Amazon.
+[594.90 --> 600.82]  And has been in the top five, top 10 books on LeanPub for years now, too.
+[601.18 --> 601.54]  Congratulations.
+[602.30 --> 602.86]  Yeah, thanks.
+[603.06 --> 603.88]  I don't doubt it.
+[604.10 --> 609.62]  You know, every time you search for anything related to a specific role or something like
+[609.62 --> 613.86]  that for Ansible, you're looking, there's a Jeff Geerling role in there in Ansible Galaxy.
+[614.28 --> 618.54]  So some of our listeners will be familiar with Ansible, but some won't.
+[618.64 --> 622.12]  So what's your quick kind of elevator pitch of what Ansible is and does?
+[622.12 --> 627.36]  There's an XKCD about whether or not you should automate something.
+[628.06 --> 631.14]  And I think that that's a good illustration of what Ansible is.
+[631.26 --> 635.68]  Once you reach the point where you're doing something, maybe to a group of computers or
+[635.68 --> 640.34]  to network switches or to servers, or even I use it to manage my own computer.
+[640.46 --> 645.40]  If you're doing a repetitive task that can be automated, Ansible can automate that.
+[645.60 --> 647.94]  Almost anything in the world that has to do with technology.
+[647.94 --> 650.82]  So that's what it does.
+[650.94 --> 652.02]  And it's very simple.
+[652.22 --> 657.54]  That's the big selling point for it compared to other tools is it uses YAML configuration,
+[657.92 --> 660.66]  which is very approachable, very easy to learn.
+[661.10 --> 666.74]  And that's why I liked it over the other solutions at the time, Chef and Puppet that I was looking at.
+[666.74 --> 674.54]  People back in 2012, 13 time were just moaning about how YAML was so complicated with its white space.
+[674.60 --> 681.24]  And I never quite understood the hate, to be honest with you, because JSON, people say,
+[681.42 --> 682.66]  oh, I'd much rather write JSON.
+[682.82 --> 683.80]  I'm like, are you mad?
+[685.12 --> 686.52]  YAML is way easier to work with.
+[686.52 --> 695.92]  Yeah, I think a lot of people maybe don't, they aren't used to having like a code editor do formatting for them and things like that.
+[696.00 --> 701.66]  It's much more common nowadays, especially in the infrastructure space than it was 10 years ago.
+[701.90 --> 703.44]  And I think that's the biggest difference.
+[703.58 --> 709.52]  Nowadays, YAML, people complain about it mostly because they see people do things that you shouldn't do in YAML.
+[709.52 --> 712.98]  But back then it was more the syntax and the formatting.
+[713.16 --> 717.56]  They're like, I could put in anything in JSON or God forbid, XML.
+[718.56 --> 720.52]  But, you know, YAML is going to complain about it.
+[720.64 --> 725.38]  And I think nowadays we're past the formatting stage and we're into the, you know,
+[725.46 --> 730.64]  what could be a next generation format for configuration that's even better than YAML because it does have shortcomings.
+[730.82 --> 739.30]  But it's, in my opinion, it's a thousand times better than JSON, XML and SOAP and all the other protocols we used to have to know to be able to configure things.
+[739.52 --> 740.44]  Couldn't agree more.
+[740.76 --> 740.94]  Yeah.
+[741.24 --> 747.90]  So I think, you know, speaking of things that people shouldn't do, turning Ansible into a programming language is probably up there, right?
+[748.02 --> 750.36]  I mean, you can do some pretty crazy stuff in Ansible.
+[750.72 --> 753.92]  And my day job is related to OpenShift at Red Hat.
+[754.10 --> 759.02]  And a lot of the OpenShift installer stuff for version three, the last major version,
+[759.72 --> 764.76]  there was some pretty crazy hacky stuff going on in those Ansible playbooks and stuff like that.
+[764.92 --> 767.98]  But what's the most crazy thing that you've seen with Ansible?
+[767.98 --> 772.76]  I think it's the abuse of the when condition in tasks.
+[773.44 --> 778.16]  When your when condition is longer than the rest of your Ansible task for a given piece of automation,
+[778.52 --> 779.84]  I think that's where you've failed.
+[780.46 --> 784.38]  At that point, in Ansible, you can write modules in Python.
+[784.58 --> 789.76]  You can actually, there are ways to write modules in other languages too, but typically you'd write it in Python.
+[790.30 --> 794.74]  And if you're going to use complex logic to determine whether to do something or how to do something,
+[794.74 --> 796.58]  that should be in Python.
+[796.88 --> 802.90]  At that point, you're getting into advanced Ansible usage that requires you to have some of that programming knowledge.
+[803.48 --> 806.30]  Programming in YAML is a terrible, terrible idea.
+[806.54 --> 807.22]  Never do it.
+[807.62 --> 812.18]  Every time I have gone further than an if-then or an if-else type condition,
+[812.36 --> 813.46]  I've regretted it.
+[813.52 --> 814.62]  And the maintenance is a nightmare.
+[814.62 --> 820.28]  And then there's always the ginger 2 stuff that people do, the crazy templating, for loops, all that kind of stuff.
+[820.60 --> 821.12]  So yeah.
+[821.52 --> 823.30]  Anyway, should we talk about Ansible 3 for a minute?
+[823.54 --> 826.96]  There's been a big release in the last few weeks of Ansible 3.0,
+[827.04 --> 830.58]  which brings a lot of changes to the way in which modules are delivered to users.
+[830.86 --> 832.52]  What do you make of all that change?
+[832.52 --> 834.80]  It's been an interesting transition.
+[835.18 --> 840.78]  And I think it's ongoing and will be ongoing for another period of time, six months to a year, probably.
+[841.36 --> 847.72]  Mostly because Ansible 2.9, which is the previous major version of what you would get when you installed Ansible
+[847.72 --> 850.52]  using PIP or a package manager or something like that.
+[851.06 --> 853.62]  Ansible 2.9 will still be supported for a while.
+[853.62 --> 859.58]  Ansible, mostly because I think there's just a lot of people who the transition to the new version of Ansible
+[859.58 --> 863.50]  does introduce some changes that could impact people's workflows a little bit.
+[864.04 --> 867.94]  The good thing about the transition is that all my existing playbooks,
+[868.00 --> 870.54]  and I have a ton of playbooks that do a ton of different things,
+[871.04 --> 876.54]  they all work fine if I just upgrade Ansible using PIP, which is the Python package manager.
+[876.94 --> 881.82]  There are other ways to install Ansible that might not work with Ansible 3 the same way anymore.
+[881.82 --> 883.28]  So you have to watch out for that.
+[883.46 --> 886.96]  And that's why I always recommend using PIP to install it.
+[887.16 --> 889.92]  It's a Python program and PIP is the preferred way.
+[890.66 --> 898.72]  But the big, big change is that collections of modules used to all be maintained in one giant code base.
+[899.26 --> 902.06]  And there were various reasons that was not very sustainable.
+[902.76 --> 906.58]  There were something like 4,000 or 5,000 different plugins and modules.
+[906.84 --> 910.28]  And the core team of developers who managed the releases and things,
+[910.28 --> 911.66]  it was just a lot to coordinate.
+[912.28 --> 917.30]  So the main goal was to move all of that content out into smaller collections
+[917.30 --> 921.34]  that could be maintained by people with more knowledge of just the modules in that collection.
+[921.50 --> 927.90]  Like, there's no reason why a, let's say, an F5 network load balancing module
+[927.90 --> 935.86]  should be under the same maintenance umbrella as a, I don't know, like a email script thing.
+[935.86 --> 941.66]  All these different modules were lumped together from network vendors and storage vendors and cloud vendors and Linux and Windows.
+[941.96 --> 943.56]  So now it's all broken out.
+[944.18 --> 950.88]  But the challenge has been making it all come together back into what we install if we do a PIP install Ansible.
+[950.88 --> 957.16]  And the nice thing is it all works, but the downside is there are a few little bumps,
+[957.26 --> 959.36]  especially if you have specialized use cases.
+[959.62 --> 966.94]  But another cool side effect is you could install Ansible without all that stuff and just add in the few things you need.
+[967.04 --> 971.26]  So if you just do Linux administration, you can install Ansible plus the Linux modules
+[971.26 --> 975.16]  and not install Windows, not install networking, not install cloud.
+[975.16 --> 981.00]  So it does offer some flexibility, but I think there's going to be some growing pains over the next year.
+[981.40 --> 983.50]  We've seen that trend quite a lot in technology at the moment.
+[983.84 --> 987.98]  You know, Docker being an example with Podman coming along to kind of break that out into,
+[988.22 --> 992.18]  you know, being less of a monolith type deployment model.
+[992.64 --> 994.12]  So I think it's a good thing personally.
+[994.50 --> 998.14]  And, you know, the work that's gone in has clearly been very well thought out.
+[998.14 --> 1005.48]  Are there any particularly good resources that you'd recommend people visit to get their head around what the major changes are?
+[1005.92 --> 1010.08]  The documentation is the best place to know what's going on.
+[1010.16 --> 1014.32]  There's not only is there a guide for upgrading Ansible in the release notes.
+[1015.18 --> 1022.06]  And if you are involved in using Ansible, I would highly recommend subscribing to the Ansible project mailing list on Google Groups.
+[1022.28 --> 1025.94]  But the guides and the documentation are by far the best.
+[1025.94 --> 1032.10]  They encapsulate everything that I could ever think of that people could be that could affect someone's workflow.
+[1032.96 --> 1035.84]  And also, I did update my book recently.
+[1035.84 --> 1042.64]  So if you are interested in learning Ansible and you don't know it yet, Ansible for DevOps has a major second revision.
+[1042.84 --> 1045.22]  I've actually revised it 25 times now.
+[1045.72 --> 1051.00]  But a major revision happened to incorporate some of the information about collections, especially.
+[1051.00 --> 1056.96]  And I'm still working on fully revising the book to be up to date with Ansible 3.
+[1057.60 --> 1058.30]  It all works.
+[1058.38 --> 1060.90]  It's just there are some things that could be optimized a little more.
+[1060.90 --> 1065.12]  Datadog.com slash self-hosted.
+[1065.28 --> 1072.00]  Analyze code level performance across your entire environment and troubleshoot issues faster with Datadog.
+[1072.38 --> 1078.60]  Datadog has a continuous profiler that automatically collects profiles from your production servers all the time.
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+[1083.50 --> 1088.68]  Get a snapshot in time and troubleshoot and then visualize it with their beautiful dashboards.
+[1088.68 --> 1096.58]  Get a unified picture of your environment by correlating code performance metrics with your other monitoring data with real-time dashboards.
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+[1097.98 --> 1103.34]  Go to datadog.com slash self-hosted to get a free trial and to see these beautiful dashboards.
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+[1141.44 --> 1144.78]  So that's datadog.com slash self-hosted.
+[1144.78 --> 1148.84]  So Jeff, I've been watching on your YouTube channel.
+[1148.96 --> 1152.36]  You've been doing the impossible with Raspberry Pis.
+[1152.46 --> 1156.88]  I'm talking like, I think one of your setups was like 10 SATA disks.
+[1157.36 --> 1158.74]  16 hard drives.
+[1159.08 --> 1160.02]  How is this possible?
+[1160.14 --> 1161.72]  How is this madness accomplished?
+[1161.88 --> 1165.76]  Is it all with using the new Pi compute module?
+[1165.76 --> 1166.24]  Yes.
+[1166.68 --> 1174.34]  And the funny thing is the Raspberry Pi 4, the one that's been out since I think 2019, that was the Pi Day release back then.
+[1174.82 --> 1178.46]  The Raspberry Pi 4 actually has the same processor and capabilities.
+[1178.78 --> 1185.18]  But the big difference the compute module has is it exposes the internal PCI Express lane.
+[1185.40 --> 1185.64]  Yeah.
+[1185.64 --> 1187.14]  And that's the big game changer.
+[1187.26 --> 1189.58]  With the Pi 4, you could hack it.
+[1189.64 --> 1194.72]  You could desolder a chip on it, the VL805 chip that controls USB 3.
+[1194.78 --> 1199.42]  You could desolder that, wire up some jumpers, and get PCI through it.
+[1199.50 --> 1200.86]  And a couple people actually did that.
+[1200.92 --> 1204.28]  That was the first time that I started working with the compute module.
+[1204.28 --> 1211.96]  I was looking at their work because PCI Express support is rudimentary right now on Raspberry Pi OS.
+[1212.38 --> 1216.42]  And they were kind of like the groundbreaking people that got that going.
+[1217.06 --> 1224.30]  But the compute module 4 includes a standard PCI Express slot on the I.O. board that you can buy with it.
+[1224.84 --> 1230.64]  And the cool thing is that a lot of people are building boards around it that have different PCI form factors.
+[1230.64 --> 1244.74]  So M.2 slots for things like LTE modems or for storage with NVMe drives or SATA drives that are either in M.2 form factor or using a SATA controller.
+[1244.88 --> 1247.34]  And you can plug in hard drives and things like that.
+[1248.00 --> 1250.06]  So a really cool thing happened.
+[1250.20 --> 1254.38]  Somebody from Broadcom actually contacted me after they saw some of the work I was doing and said,
+[1254.48 --> 1258.88]  Hey, we want to see if we can get a hardware RAID controller, an enterprise storage controller.
+[1258.88 --> 1260.88]  These things cost like a thousand bucks.
+[1261.54 --> 1263.42]  We want to see if we can get that working on a Pi.
+[1263.66 --> 1264.98]  And we can't get a Pi.
+[1265.24 --> 1273.82]  Like they work at Broadcom, but they had trouble sourcing a Raspberry Pi because the compute module 4 has been in such high demand since the launch.
+[1274.54 --> 1275.78]  So they shipped me the card.
+[1275.90 --> 1280.34]  They shipped me a storage controller and had me work with a couple of storage engineers.
+[1280.48 --> 1282.22]  And we got it working.
+[1282.22 --> 1285.18]  So at that point, I had eight drives on the Pi.
+[1285.28 --> 1289.02]  But then I found that I could also plug in eight more drives with the card I had.
+[1289.18 --> 1294.96]  So I did a live stream and got all 16 hard drives plugged into the Pi and in one giant RAID array.
+[1295.50 --> 1295.72]  Wow.
+[1295.92 --> 1296.60]  How was performance?
+[1297.10 --> 1297.28]  Yeah.
+[1297.34 --> 1297.80]  How is it?
+[1297.82 --> 1298.08]  Because, right?
+[1298.16 --> 1303.56]  I mean, that's always the thing about the Pi is everybody says the Pi 4 is great, except for the IO really limits it now.
+[1303.64 --> 1305.36]  But this seems like that changes that a little bit.
+[1305.56 --> 1306.72]  It changes it a little bit.
+[1306.78 --> 1308.64]  It doesn't fix all the problems.
+[1308.64 --> 1309.54]  That's for sure.
+[1309.92 --> 1314.26]  The big problem is that it's X1, a Pi 1 lane.
+[1314.46 --> 1314.64]  Yeah.
+[1314.88 --> 1318.22]  So it's PCI Express Gen 2 by 1.
+[1318.68 --> 1323.44]  And the maximum throughput you can get with that is 5 gigabits per second.
+[1324.16 --> 1325.82]  But that's theoretical.
+[1326.04 --> 1330.40]  So the maximum real-world throughput that I've gotten, I've tested 10 gig Ethernet.
+[1330.48 --> 1331.76]  I've tested the storage controller.
+[1331.88 --> 1334.34]  I've tested all kinds of different crazy things so far.
+[1334.34 --> 1341.52]  And the maximum real-world throughput is about 3.2 gigabits, a little over 400 megabytes per second.
+[1342.06 --> 1345.22]  So I threw this hardware RAID storage controller on it.
+[1345.30 --> 1348.02]  It could do like 10 gigabytes per second.
+[1348.30 --> 1350.94]  But I can only put through 400 megabytes per second.
+[1350.94 --> 1358.84]  So it's not going to give you magically access to all of the wonderful things you could throw into like a modern Threadripper PC.
+[1358.84 --> 1367.60]  But it does give us a lot more options than with the Pi 4 where you just have USB 3.0, which has its own limitations.
+[1368.22 --> 1373.30]  I mean, the fact that you could have redundant storage is an upgrade beyond the fact that it's slightly faster too.
+[1373.76 --> 1380.46]  But do you think this kind of is maybe an indication of where the Pi is going to go?
+[1380.58 --> 1384.22]  Is this compute module a hint of what we might see maybe in the Pi 5?
+[1384.22 --> 1385.20]  I hope so.
+[1385.58 --> 1389.58]  Another thing to keep in mind is there are a lot of Pi competitors.
+[1389.94 --> 1393.32]  And it's, you know, which one is going to be the Pi killer?
+[1393.48 --> 1404.68]  Nothing's going to kill the Raspberry Pi just because the Raspberry Pi has a community and a force behind it that is unparalleled in all the other kind of makerspace single board computing realm.
+[1405.12 --> 1411.98]  And don't you think that's kind of the advantage of using the compute module in another board versus getting an SBC that just has all this stuff?
+[1411.98 --> 1416.90]  It's like you're getting the Raspberry Pi ecosystem with some of these cool new toys.
+[1417.24 --> 1417.68]  Yeah, yeah.
+[1417.84 --> 1423.22]  On the flip side, though, there are some boards like the, what is it, the Rockchip RX?
+[1423.58 --> 1425.22]  I forget what the specific chip is.
+[1425.38 --> 1425.98]  Rockchip Pro.
+[1426.18 --> 1428.54]  Yeah, it has a Pi 4 lane.
+[1428.68 --> 1434.38]  So you get more bandwidth and more lanes so that you can do more with it and have more I.O. speed.
+[1434.38 --> 1439.34]  There's still limitations just based on the fact that the CPU is not super fast.
+[1439.50 --> 1451.04]  And even if you give it, you know, let's say we get 10 gigabits or 20 gigabits of throughput, the CPU is going to be limited in other ways on these cheaper ARM SBCs like the Raspberry Pi.
+[1451.42 --> 1461.48]  For instance, today I'm doing some testing for a 2.5 gigabit NAS that I'm building with a Pi to see if it can compete with an out of the box NAS from QNAP or Synology or something like that.
+[1461.48 --> 1473.46]  And without overclocking the CPU, I can only pump through 1.7 gigabits of network traffic because the way the CPU is architected, all packets go on one core on the CPU.
+[1473.62 --> 1475.80]  It's a four core CPU, so it could support more.
+[1476.18 --> 1481.40]  But the way the network throughput works on the Pi, it's stuck on one core and it maxes out.
+[1481.52 --> 1483.50]  So you have to overclock it to get more speed.
+[1483.70 --> 1487.50]  I think, you know, there are two things I really want to see in the next Pi.
+[1487.64 --> 1489.76]  One is maybe more PCI bandwidth.
+[1489.76 --> 1492.54]  The other is just a faster CPU.
+[1492.82 --> 1494.04]  And we've seen what's possible.
+[1494.22 --> 1505.08]  Apple with their M series, even the A series, just blows away the competition in terms of performance per watt and, you know, single threaded performance for any kind of mobile device.
+[1505.70 --> 1510.34]  So I think that the ARM SBCs have a bright future.
+[1510.34 --> 1517.46]  And that's, I'm hoping that IO speed and CPU speed, which is becoming the bottleneck for a lot of my projects.
+[1517.90 --> 1520.34]  Those are the two things I really hope to see improved.
+[1520.76 --> 1522.82]  I wonder where you come up with some of these ideas, man.
+[1522.94 --> 1524.32]  Now your head must be an interesting place.
+[1524.32 --> 1529.62]  If you want to come over to my house sometime, I will show you the pile.
+[1529.78 --> 1532.82]  I have so many projects that I really, really want to work on.
+[1533.40 --> 1536.30]  And I don't think I'll get to them in the next few months, unfortunately.
+[1536.60 --> 1537.16]  Are you near me?
+[1537.24 --> 1537.90]  Are you in Raleigh?
+[1537.98 --> 1539.88]  No, I'm in St. Louis, Missouri.
+[1540.10 --> 1543.16]  But, you know, fly over here after the coronavirus is over.
+[1543.56 --> 1545.16]  Oh, maybe one day we'll do another road trip.
+[1545.24 --> 1545.56]  Hey, Chris?
+[1545.90 --> 1546.52]  Yeah, for sure.
+[1546.60 --> 1547.74]  I don't think that's a maybe.
+[1547.88 --> 1549.02]  Nothing about that's a maybe.
+[1549.02 --> 1553.84]  So if we were to come visit, what kind of stuff would we see you self-hosting in your place?
+[1554.24 --> 1558.68]  Right now, the major thing that I'm hosting is pydramble.com.
+[1558.80 --> 1560.74]  This has been a project since 2014.
+[1560.94 --> 1561.88]  I started doing it.
+[1562.10 --> 1568.54]  It was to see if I could host a Drupal site specifically, because I'm involved in the Drupal open source community.
+[1569.10 --> 1578.10]  If I could host Drupal in my house long term, and that site has had 99.997 or 8 uptime since 2014.
+[1578.10 --> 1579.64]  Running on Raspberry Pis.
+[1579.74 --> 1581.20]  Now, I cheated in 2016.
+[1581.20 --> 1585.46]  I switched to use Cloudflare as a front end, but the cache is only 30 minutes.
+[1586.02 --> 1589.14]  So if I do have a major outage, it will go down after 30 minutes.
+[1589.42 --> 1590.66]  So I don't think that's cheating.
+[1590.74 --> 1591.64]  That's just good engineering.
+[1592.42 --> 1597.98]  Yeah, well, I was getting tired of, you know, if my ISP goes down for two minutes, I would get a notification.
+[1598.32 --> 1602.08]  I was going to say, like, how have you managed to have ISP uptime that high at home?
+[1602.22 --> 1603.46]  That was the most impressive part.
+[1603.58 --> 1605.96]  Well, I've switched to in St. Louis.
+[1605.96 --> 1607.80]  Of course, we have spectrum, but...
+[1607.80 --> 1608.48]  Yeah, me too.
+[1608.66 --> 1609.20]  It sucks.
+[1609.40 --> 1614.06]  Yeah, it's difficult because the ISPs, they have a monopoly, basically.
+[1614.30 --> 1619.58]  And another fun thing that I'm going to be trying, I actually just got last week a Starlink.
+[1619.84 --> 1620.28]  Awesome.
+[1620.28 --> 1622.58]  And I'm going to be testing it out.
+[1623.74 --> 1631.98]  My ultimate goal is to have, either through the router, I have an ASUS router, either through that or maybe through a Raspberry Pi.
+[1632.64 --> 1636.00]  I'm also testing a router build using a Raspberry Pi compute module.
+[1636.26 --> 1636.54]  Of course.
+[1636.54 --> 1642.84]  Having a redundant link that will automatically fail over and possibly do link aggregation.
+[1643.00 --> 1644.92]  But for now, I just care about the redundancy.
+[1645.38 --> 1647.22]  Just because I do work from home.
+[1647.50 --> 1648.06]  I do streaming.
+[1648.28 --> 1649.60]  I do video uploads.
+[1649.60 --> 1652.14]  And I just, I need a lot of bandwidth and I need reliability.
+[1652.14 --> 1656.14]  And I do want to host more besides just the Pi Dramble site.
+[1656.36 --> 1658.72]  I want to host my personal site here at some point.
+[1658.80 --> 1666.52]  I want to host some other things that are more high impact and, you know, could survive an outage of one of the two network links, which Starlink could give me.
+[1666.78 --> 1671.38]  I don't think we've seen many people discussing hosting services on Starlink, either.
+[1671.68 --> 1674.24]  I'd be curious to see what they allow, what can get through.
+[1674.90 --> 1675.60]  Have you heard much?
+[1676.10 --> 1677.38]  It's a mixed story there.
+[1677.48 --> 1680.10]  So they don't give you a consistent IP address.
+[1680.22 --> 1684.36]  And they also don't, they don't pass through traffic in a way that you can host directly from home.
+[1684.44 --> 1685.98]  So I'd have to use some sort of proxy.
+[1686.52 --> 1694.76]  And I, you know, I can have a, one of the VPSs I have at DigitalOcean or something like that pass through the traffic for me.
+[1695.12 --> 1695.22]  Sure.
+[1695.42 --> 1700.46]  So give us an idea of what other, so I heard you have a, sounded like you're running Drupal on a Raspberry Pi server.
+[1700.74 --> 1702.92]  Any x86 boxes in that mix we'd see?
+[1702.92 --> 1711.94]  I do have one x86 server that mostly what it's doing is allowing me to RDP into it and do Windows things when I need to.
+[1712.12 --> 1714.10]  It's running Windows 10 Pro.
+[1714.34 --> 1719.48]  And I use it for a lot of network testing because it has a Mellanox card inside of it.
+[1719.50 --> 1721.66]  So I can get 10 gig network tests done on it.
+[1722.20 --> 1724.80]  Especially if it's a long test that's going to take a few hours.
+[1724.94 --> 1727.44]  I don't want to do it on my main workstation, which is a laptop.
+[1727.88 --> 1730.04]  Because then it's stuck wherever I have it running.
+[1730.42 --> 1731.20]  Yeah, I know that.
+[1731.20 --> 1733.38]  Like, why did I start that job on the laptop?
+[1733.60 --> 1734.04]  Dang it.
+[1734.56 --> 1734.92]  Exactly.
+[1736.08 --> 1739.08]  And then you have to come back downstairs later and find it.
+[1739.64 --> 1746.02]  And then the other things that I do, I have a couple PIs that run around the clock doing just little tasks around the house.
+[1746.02 --> 1754.94]  Checking on things, keeping track of temperature and like my sump pump, checking the level of the pit and just logging that data.
+[1754.94 --> 1762.80]  The other thing that I have running right now, and this is part of the motivation for all this Pi experimentation, is I have a 2011 Mac Mini.
+[1763.32 --> 1764.06]  Super old.
+[1764.78 --> 1766.54]  The OS is not even supported on it.
+[1766.56 --> 1767.52]  I can't upgrade it anymore.
+[1767.98 --> 1771.84]  It's still my primary network storage device, which is terrible.
+[1771.84 --> 1777.68]  Like, I've set up all these different NASAs and things, and I still am using this Mac Mini, which has USB 2.
+[1778.00 --> 1784.74]  So my external 12 terabyte single hard drive, not a RAID, my single hard drive is running at USB 2 speed.
+[1784.86 --> 1789.78]  So I'm doing file copies with, you know, 20 gigs, 40 gigs at 30 megabytes per second.
+[1789.78 --> 1792.16]  So this would be a bad time to ask you how many terabytes.
+[1792.32 --> 1796.92]  One of the questions we tend to ask all of our guests is how many terabytes do you have on your LAN?
+[1796.96 --> 1800.18]  And we had Wendell on a few months ago, and I think he had a petabyte.
+[1800.62 --> 1803.48]  So maybe you won't quite match that.
+[1803.54 --> 1804.52]  But how many do you have, Jeff?
+[1804.72 --> 1805.44]  No, no.
+[1806.18 --> 1808.94]  Online right now, I have about 24 terabytes.
+[1809.36 --> 1813.26]  But in the house, I have about 60 or so.
+[1814.08 --> 1821.02]  There's a lot of terabytes of hard drives that are sitting on my desk over there that are being tested and not in use.
+[1821.12 --> 1825.76]  Because when you're testing, you don't want to have production data on a hard drive you're running benchmarks against.
+[1826.12 --> 1828.02]  Ready to go in that NAS you were talking about.
+[1828.58 --> 1829.40]  Yes, yeah.
+[1829.40 --> 1841.78]  And the other thing that I mentioned on, I don't remember if it was a video or a live stream, but my goal is at some point in the next year, if I can get a storage vendor to work with me, I would love to build a petabyte Pi.
+[1841.78 --> 1845.32]  Have one Raspberry Pi controlling a petabyte of storage.
+[1845.48 --> 1847.08]  I think that would be something fun.
+[1847.16 --> 1848.96]  It'd be 400 megabytes per second.
+[1849.50 --> 1852.22]  It'd be such a waste, but it'd be so cool to see that.
+[1852.60 --> 1854.72]  Petabyte Pi project rolls off the tongue, too.
+[1854.78 --> 1855.14]  I like it.
+[1855.22 --> 1855.92]  It's bop, bop, bop.
+[1856.20 --> 1856.60]  Exactly.
+[1856.96 --> 1859.60]  Is a petabyte 1,000 or 100 terabytes?
+[1859.70 --> 1860.36]  I can never remember.
+[1860.52 --> 1860.92]  1,000.
+[1861.32 --> 1862.02]  Oh, my goodness.
+[1862.18 --> 1863.06]  How would you even do that?
+[1863.76 --> 1864.16]  Wow.
+[1864.54 --> 1864.68]  Yeah.
+[1864.86 --> 1866.62]  You've got to get at least 100 hard drives.
+[1866.62 --> 1870.48]  So it would not be super fun to do the project.
+[1870.68 --> 1871.76]  I mean, it'd be super fun.
+[1871.96 --> 1881.76]  But the hardware, I would probably have to build a rack or something and figure out a place, maybe in my wood workshop or something, to try to fit that.
+[1881.98 --> 1885.36]  If you've got a 3D printer, you could probably rustle something up with one of those.
+[1885.54 --> 1886.18]  There you go.
+[1886.46 --> 1887.36]  How did I know?
+[1887.44 --> 1888.20]  How did I know?
+[1888.28 --> 1889.68]  That would be your suggestion, Alex.
+[1889.68 --> 1894.36]  Well, see, this is why I'm going to say subscribe to your channel, Jeff, because there's just some great videos over there.
+[1894.52 --> 1896.86]  And maybe one day I'll see that project on there.
+[1897.18 --> 1897.74]  I hope so.
+[1897.90 --> 1898.52]  That would be fun.
+[1898.76 --> 1904.20]  Well, Jeff, before we get out of here, I was wondering if there's any way you'd like to send people your channel or Twitter or something like that.
+[1904.62 --> 1908.10]  Everything is linked from my personal website, jeffgearling.com.
+[1908.62 --> 1913.40]  I started my personal site back in 2001 or 2002 or something like that.
+[1913.88 --> 1916.98]  And I like to have my data in my site.
+[1916.98 --> 1919.54]  So I typically post things preferentially there.
+[1920.46 --> 1924.22]  And, you know, I can't do video hosting and things like that.
+[1924.36 --> 1931.56]  I could, and I actually did at one point, but I realized that YouTube does it way better than I ever could with streaming and all that kind of stuff.
+[1931.66 --> 1933.92]  So I like to take ownership of that.
+[1934.08 --> 1936.96]  So jeffgearling.com is where I throw everything primarily.
+[1937.16 --> 1939.58]  And then you can go to the other sites from there.
+[1940.02 --> 1941.28]  We'll have a link in our show notes, too.
+[1941.38 --> 1942.26]  Thanks for joining us, Jeff.
+[1942.56 --> 1944.00]  Yeah, thanks so much for having me.
+[1944.00 --> 1947.28]  And a big thank you from me because you saved my bacon.
+[1947.84 --> 1951.20]  I can't count the number of times with the roles on Ansible Galaxy.
+[1951.46 --> 1952.68]  So huge, huge past Alex.
+[1952.84 --> 1953.78]  Thanks, current Jeff.
+[1956.82 --> 1959.42]  Well, now I'm even more excited about the Raspberry Pi.
+[1959.56 --> 1960.58]  Thanks to Jeff for coming on.
+[1960.62 --> 1964.74]  And of course, like we said, we have links to his channel and everything in the show notes.
+[1964.94 --> 1968.40]  And I want to mention you can find our sponsor, Cloud Guru, on social media.
+[1968.40 --> 1973.76]  It's just slash a Cloud Guru at YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, like all the social media platforms.
+[1973.84 --> 1974.68]  Just slash a Cloud Guru.
+[1974.80 --> 1975.88]  It's super, super easy.
+[1976.34 --> 1980.24]  And a big thank you to our members over at selfhosted.show slash SRE.
+[1980.46 --> 1982.54]  Our site reliability engineers support the show.
+[1982.86 --> 1987.54]  You guys get a limited ad feed and a little bit of extra post show every week.
+[1987.88 --> 1988.10]  Oh, yeah.
+[1988.10 --> 1989.74]  I haven't told you what I want to talk about yet.
+[1989.80 --> 1991.28]  That's coming up for the members.
+[1991.46 --> 1991.94]  No, no.
+[1992.00 --> 1993.32]  It's going to be a surprise to me, too.
+[1994.04 --> 1996.20]  And you can go to selfhosted.show slash contact.
+[1996.42 --> 1998.06]  That's the place to go to get in touch with us.
+[1998.06 --> 1999.78]  I'm on Twitter at ironicbadger.
+[2000.18 --> 2001.84]  Yeah, I'm there, too, at Chris LAS.
+[2002.06 --> 2004.66]  And the show is at selfhostedshow.
+[2004.80 --> 2006.78]  And don't forget the network at Jupyter Signal.
+[2007.26 --> 2008.20]  Thanks for listening, everyone.
+[2008.40 --> 2010.66]  That was selfhosted.show slash 41.

48： A Solution Looking for a Problem _transcript.txt

@@ -1,544 +1,544 @@
-[0.00 --> 6.40]  This episode is brought to you by the all-new A Cloud Guru, the leader in learning for cloud, Linux and other modern tech skills.
-[6.78 --> 13.12]  Hundreds of courses, thousands of hands-on labs. Get certified, get hired, get learning at acloudguru.com.
-[14.62 --> 22.78]  This is a bit of an awkward one. Chris just messaged me and said that he's poured 15 gallons of water all over his MacBook Pro for some reason.
-[23.00 --> 24.86]  I don't know why he'd go ahead and do that.
-[25.12 --> 29.86]  So we have a backup post today. We have Morgan joining us from Florida. Hello, Morgan. How are you?
-[30.24 --> 33.84]  You know, a little hot, a little sweaty, but it's what I'm used to.
-[34.16 --> 36.54]  Nothing compared to the Pacific Northwest this week.
-[37.08 --> 39.06]  Yeah, I can't complain about that. At least I have AC.
-[39.62 --> 42.96]  Yeah, yeah. Down in Florida, I mean, you kind of have to have it, right?
-[43.12 --> 47.80]  So, Morgan, you last joined us on episode 18 to talk about doorbells.
-[47.80 --> 50.10]  So does that make you our resident doorbell correspondent?
-[50.34 --> 56.56]  Well, seeing how the doorbell died on me, and I think it was actually the heat that killed it, maybe.
-[56.56 --> 60.06]  All right. Well, let's talk about doorbells, shall we?
-[60.10 --> 66.00]  Last time you were on, you were testing one of the cloud-free doorbells for us.
-[66.26 --> 67.60]  And how's that been going?
-[67.60 --> 77.66]  So a couple months ago, I would say back in April, I went to check to see if a package was left at my door, and I noticed I couldn't connect to the doorbell.
-[77.66 --> 85.54]  So I fired up the, you know, Unify app, and I noticed it disconnected at about seven-something in the morning the day before.
-[86.18 --> 88.50]  You check the actual doorbell itself.
-[88.68 --> 89.68]  It still has power.
-[89.80 --> 90.38]  It works.
-[91.06 --> 92.54]  But the camera doesn't work.
-[92.66 --> 94.76]  So, you know, I go on the website.
-[95.34 --> 96.24]  No real help.
-[96.36 --> 100.56]  There's a forum, because as you guys know, this is a generic relabeled camera.
-[100.56 --> 109.42]  So I go on the website, the EasyViz website, and I start taking a look, and there's like 10 or 12 different ways to save it, to bring it back.
-[110.08 --> 110.44]  Nothing.
-[110.76 --> 112.26]  You know, I couldn't get it to come back.
-[112.70 --> 118.04]  You know, we were super concerned about heat, and it just died on me.
-[118.18 --> 123.56]  You know, I pulled out the SD card, and I threw it in there, and, you know, I had it set to just record nonstop.
-[123.56 --> 127.24]  And sure enough, like right at 7 a.m. in the morning, it just died on me.
-[127.86 --> 130.64]  You know, the SD card's fine, but it just died.
-[131.50 --> 134.82]  To check that it wasn't the transformer, I replaced the transformer.
-[135.48 --> 137.66]  I replaced the electronic doorbell itself.
-[138.26 --> 139.84]  Everything was fine, just the camera.
-[140.04 --> 144.62]  So I don't know if, you know, I just got unlucky.
-[145.16 --> 147.26]  You know, the model I had had an issue with it.
-[147.26 --> 153.52]  And I've seen other people talk about how they have them in Arizona, and they reach, you know, temperatures a lot higher than what I have.
-[153.64 --> 155.86]  But unfortunately for me, it died.
-[156.66 --> 157.66]  Is yours in direct sunlight?
-[158.20 --> 161.94]  It is in direct sunlight for the last hour or two of the day.
-[162.66 --> 167.62]  Luckily, my front door faces west, and, you know, the houses are two stories.
-[167.62 --> 171.22]  So with the trees, usually the last two hours of the day.
-[171.54 --> 174.32]  And it doesn't get enough direct sunlight to get too hot.
-[174.32 --> 178.52]  But again, as we mentioned on the original show, it's hot to the touch, you know.
-[178.60 --> 179.78]  So that was a concern.
-[180.26 --> 182.78]  And maybe that's the reason why it bit the bullet.
-[183.16 --> 190.58]  Well, I mean, on the flip side, I've been using the EasyVis branded version of this doorbell for the last year or so at my house.
-[191.04 --> 197.46]  And as you say, it runs a bit warm, but I've not had any issues with it dropping out or stopping working or anything like that.
-[197.46 --> 201.36]  I guess it's just based on your field research.
-[201.52 --> 202.62]  It's just a matter of time, hey?
-[202.62 --> 208.38]  The downside is there's not a lot of options out there other than these EasyVis clones.
-[209.36 --> 214.78]  RCA makes an EasyVis clone, and a lot of people are saying that the firmware is actually a little bit better.
-[215.70 --> 218.08]  You know, Wyze just came out with a camera.
-[218.42 --> 221.70]  And unfortunately, you know, Wyze did a little bit of trickery.
-[222.02 --> 226.90]  You know, there's a USB port that they cover with a sticker that they don't tell you that's there.
-[226.90 --> 230.20]  You know, there's a YouTube video that shows you how to access that.
-[230.54 --> 233.74]  And it's actually really great for, you know, places like an RV.
-[233.74 --> 236.38]  But it's cloud storage only.
-[237.10 --> 241.12]  You know, there's no SD card port.
-[241.12 --> 245.70]  So you're in a situation where you're really being forced into the cloud.
-[246.28 --> 250.80]  And the only viable option that I can find is back to the EasyVis clone.
-[251.26 --> 259.72]  And to be honest with you, I've run without a doorbell camera for a while because I don't want to buy something that I know is not going to be good.
-[259.72 --> 266.60]  So I may find myself again in the next few days with yet another EasyVis clone.
-[267.10 --> 269.08]  Or I may go with the RCA.
-[269.30 --> 272.74]  The RCA one, it seems to be the one that everybody recommends.
-[273.42 --> 273.96]  Yeah, it's interesting.
-[274.08 --> 278.38]  Looking at the Wyze website, they've started making pretty much everything.
-[279.00 --> 284.84]  I've seen a smartwatch from them recently and doorbell on top of the cameras and all that kind of stuff.
-[284.94 --> 289.18]  So they're really expanding their business pretty aggressively at the moment.
-[289.18 --> 292.00]  And I'm not sure how to feel about it.
-[292.26 --> 301.10]  Like, they obviously made their name with these really cheap, affordable $20 little cameras that most people use.
-[301.14 --> 304.50]  And I've still got a couple in this house that have got the RTSP firmware on them.
-[305.06 --> 305.68]  They work great.
-[306.10 --> 313.68]  But the version 3s, the company says the RTSP firmware is, air quotes, coming soon.
-[314.18 --> 315.94]  And that was six months ago.
-[316.18 --> 318.48]  And yeah, it hasn't come soon yet.
-[318.48 --> 319.96]  So I don't know.
-[320.04 --> 321.46]  Why is it kind of on thin ice with me?
-[321.56 --> 326.36]  So I'd be wary of going down that route just for that reason alone.
-[326.94 --> 335.68]  There's definitely a market right now for somebody to come in and make a doorbell that is just bare bones.
-[336.00 --> 336.98]  It does what you need.
-[337.24 --> 341.70]  SD slot powered either by batteries or powered by a transformer.
-[341.70 --> 345.88]  And has the ability to be connected to, you know, to stream.
-[346.68 --> 349.00]  The future is getting you into that monthly payment.
-[349.50 --> 354.78]  And the more features they strip out, the better chance that you're going to make that monthly payment.
-[355.18 --> 356.60]  And it's really unfortunate.
-[356.60 --> 360.08]  And it makes home labs and self-hosting even harder.
-[360.08 --> 364.22]  I don't know what's going to happen if EasyViz stops selling the clones.
-[364.50 --> 366.98]  I mean, that model is, I think, a little over two years now.
-[367.04 --> 369.62]  It doesn't look like they're looking to come out with a new one.
-[370.24 --> 372.02]  Planned obsolescence is a real problem.
-[372.02 --> 386.26]  And I think one of the things we can do to kind of help the environment in that respect from, you know, pointless e-waste is, I suppose, on the one hand is consume less, right?
-[386.38 --> 387.76]  Buy less stuff that we don't need.
-[387.84 --> 395.18]  I mean, our doorbells have functioned fine for 30 years as just a little switch with a wire going to a little bell in the hallway.
-[395.18 --> 404.92]  Anyway, the fact that we're sat here talking about them having a camera in them and all sorts of circuitry and stuff when there's a global chip crisis is very much a first world problem.
-[405.60 --> 414.12]  But on the other hand, I think these companies can do a lot more to help us, help them, really, in having open devices and open firmwares.
-[414.12 --> 420.94]  And I saw some news today come out of the UK about this right to repair bill that they've passed.
-[420.94 --> 433.88]  And how it's unbelievable, the right to repair bill they've passed doesn't include laptops and phones, which are two of the most important devices that people upgrade regularly.
-[434.06 --> 446.32]  I mean, fridges and washing machines and all that kind of stuff are important, of course, because they're very bulky and, you know, refrigerant and all that kind of stuff is, it's not endless to manufacture this stuff.
-[446.32 --> 457.26]  But yeah, I think there's some kind of ethical responsibility that these manufacturers have to start playing, you know, playing the game.
-[457.64 --> 460.38]  But it's all about where's the incentive?
-[460.58 --> 466.36]  Like if, let's take Samsung, for example, if they make a smartphone and it lasts three years,
-[466.36 --> 474.38]  they foot exactly 0% of the bill to recycle, to, you know, dispose of that item.
-[475.00 --> 478.60]  They sell me the phone, I use it for a little bit and I throw it in the bin.
-[479.50 --> 483.50]  The transaction so far as Samsung is concerned is I've bought the phone.
-[483.80 --> 490.70]  There's no consequence for them if I throw it in the bin after a day or after three years.
-[490.70 --> 502.74]  And I think until we have a way of getting companies attached to their environmental footprint, if that's even the right word,
-[502.88 --> 508.88]  that, you know, the waste that their products generate by failing prematurely, this cycle is just going to perpetuate.
-[509.42 --> 509.84]  That's a good point.
-[509.84 --> 520.72]  The other thing you're taking consideration is you have CEOs of major car manufacturers who are guilt tripping cryptocurrency miners for wasting electricity
-[520.72 --> 527.66]  without taking into consideration of how does the electricity get produced that then powers the very car he sells.
-[528.34 --> 530.32]  I wonder who you could be talking about there.
-[530.40 --> 532.92]  I think his name begins with E and ends with Lon, right?
-[533.42 --> 534.02]  Possibly.
-[534.18 --> 535.90]  But that's another topic for another day.
-[536.24 --> 539.68]  And I don't want to get attacked on a Twitter account I don't have.
-[539.84 --> 547.68]  Well, speaking of Twitter, Home Assistant announced this week that they're going to be working on an official two-year integration.
-[548.18 --> 548.90]  This is pretty cool.
-[549.00 --> 556.02]  So two-year, the manufacturer, are going to be actually writing software that is compatible out of the box with Home Assistant.
-[556.60 --> 559.04]  I've struggled to deploy Home Assistant.
-[559.60 --> 561.30]  And it's not because I don't want to use it.
-[561.78 --> 566.32]  It's because I just can't make up my mind what product to go with.
-[566.32 --> 575.00]  And I think the biggest issue that I'm having is I want to host my own solutions, but I don't want to get vendor lock-in.
-[575.48 --> 580.40]  I don't want to go with something that requires me to do a hack install.
-[580.40 --> 583.00]  I want something that's just going to be easy.
-[583.16 --> 584.30]  I can take it out of the box.
-[584.46 --> 585.86]  I can connect it to my Wi-Fi.
-[586.20 --> 587.98]  I can wire it into my device.
-[588.20 --> 589.68]  And then I can go into Home Assistant.
-[589.92 --> 591.18]  I click a wizard and it's done.
-[591.84 --> 595.02]  And I've talked to a lot of other people who are in the same situation.
-[595.38 --> 599.92]  We have a lot of really intelligent people who are out there that are very tech savvy,
-[599.92 --> 608.12]  but they don't want the hassle of having to configure XML files or JSON or installing firmware, etc., etc.
-[608.38 --> 609.48]  It is a pain.
-[609.72 --> 616.12]  And it's the biggest roadblock that I see to get people to adapt.
-[616.46 --> 621.34]  So to hear that somebody is going to come out and design something that is going to work directly with Home Assistant
-[621.34 --> 625.04]  and is integrated into their firmware is phenomenal.
-[625.04 --> 632.96]  What's really exciting about this piece of news is that they say that they're going to do the cloud API first with a local API to follow.
-[633.40 --> 638.84]  Now, I love me a good local API because I don't see why, if I have a light bulb next to me on my desk,
-[639.16 --> 645.38]  why does it need to go all the way to a data center in outer Mongolia and then come back to my desk again?
-[645.54 --> 647.74]  I mean, it's got to travel six feet.
-[647.92 --> 649.96]  So why don't we just do that?
-[650.28 --> 651.54]  Why do we need to go out and in again?
-[652.10 --> 653.82]  So that's very exciting to me, too.
-[653.82 --> 655.12]  Yeah, I totally agree.
-[655.38 --> 657.52]  And it's interesting what you're saying about a local API.
-[658.18 --> 664.22]  When you got me hooked on Shelleys and I wired a couple of Shelleys in to control some lights around the house,
-[664.68 --> 667.04]  the first thing I did is I timed it.
-[667.36 --> 674.68]  How long does it take to tell Alexa to turn off the light compared to how long does it take to open the app?
-[674.74 --> 677.82]  And I click the lights off and they turn off.
-[678.42 --> 681.72]  And these are seconds that we're talking about.
-[681.72 --> 685.92]  But just the idea that it's instantaneous, right?
-[685.96 --> 687.88]  We're not having to transverse the internet.
-[688.22 --> 694.32]  I have no idea who's looking at my packets, what Amazon is trying to do with what I just said.
-[694.78 --> 698.48]  But the idea that it's local, it's in your house.
-[698.72 --> 702.68]  If you lose internet, you can still control your lights.
-[702.94 --> 704.50]  Can't do that when you're cloud connected.
-[704.50 --> 708.28]  We've probably got some people listening that are going, yeah, what was wrong with a light switch?
-[708.36 --> 710.90]  I mean, you could control your lights without the internet with a light switch.
-[711.52 --> 714.88]  But, you know, you can't automate a light switch particularly well.
-[715.06 --> 717.76]  I suppose you could have a child and get them to walk over and flick the switch.
-[717.88 --> 720.38]  But that's quite an expensive solution, really, isn't it?
-[720.38 --> 726.80]  Yeah, and I have six lights that are embedded in the ceiling where I watch our movies.
-[727.26 --> 731.24]  And sometimes I want four of them on or I want the two behind me on.
-[731.58 --> 734.62]  And previously, they were all wired to an on and off switch.
-[734.94 --> 740.26]  And I really don't want to be in a situation where I need to run six, eight switches to get what I want.
-[740.72 --> 744.08]  But I spent a day, ran some wires, installed some Shelleys.
-[744.08 --> 749.86]  When I say turn off one, two, three, and four, they turn off.
-[750.32 --> 751.16]  Bada bing, bada boom.
-[751.84 --> 759.40]  A couple months ago, I finally decided that I was going to pull out the wallet and make some purchases and build a home server.
-[759.82 --> 763.74]  Now, I had a home lab that I previously talked about before, but it was just that.
-[763.82 --> 764.42]  It was a lab.
-[764.64 --> 766.80]  I tore it up, broke it a lot.
-[767.10 --> 768.06]  It broke a lot.
-[768.06 --> 777.54]  So it wasn't something that I could reliably count on to host services that my kids need every day.
-[777.88 --> 783.36]  To watch movies, TV, to listen to music, all that good stuff.
-[783.64 --> 785.02]  Really important stuff, right?
-[785.46 --> 787.90]  The things that keep them from driving me insane.
-[788.92 --> 794.88]  So, Alex, you had a UNAZ that you had bought and you didn't need it anymore.
-[794.88 --> 798.86]  So I graciously, for a decent price, took that off your hands.
-[799.76 --> 807.14]  And, you know, I set it up, got it all built, slapped in a bunch of spinning disks, set up MergerFS.
-[807.68 --> 812.62]  Well, I didn't go to perfectmediaserver.com and I didn't read the directions.
-[813.02 --> 815.46]  So I totally didn't set up MergerFS properly.
-[815.72 --> 822.54]  And I found out that we really couldn't stream two or three movies at a time because they just weren't handling the bandwidth.
-[822.70 --> 824.02]  And I was like, what did I do wrong?
-[824.02 --> 826.74]  And then I realized, ah, genius.
-[827.48 --> 828.76]  Everything's going to one disk.
-[828.90 --> 831.40]  You're trying to stream a bunch of movies at one time.
-[831.58 --> 833.12]  People are trying to listen to music.
-[833.24 --> 834.14]  It's just not going to work.
-[834.44 --> 839.46]  So I had to find something that would let me properly rebalance, right?
-[839.78 --> 841.44]  And off to Google I went.
-[841.68 --> 843.98]  And so I fell upon MergerFS-tools.
-[844.68 --> 846.56]  You know, it's over on GitHub.
-[847.26 --> 847.70]  Fantastic.
-[848.04 --> 848.88]  Easy to set up.
-[849.72 --> 850.58]  Clone the repository.
-[850.58 --> 855.12]  Within seconds, everything's being rebalanced across my drives.
-[855.12 --> 857.14]  Yeah, these tools are really great, actually.
-[857.38 --> 858.36]  And there's a few of them.
-[858.58 --> 862.40]  It's mergerfs.ctl.fsoc.dupe.
-[862.40 --> 865.78]  And the first one is mergerfs.ctl.
-[866.08 --> 869.70]  This is a wrapper around the MergerFS-x-atra interface.
-[870.54 --> 876.02]  Essentially what this lets you do is add and remove drives as well as get info about the array that's in there.
-[876.70 --> 880.14]  And, you know, print things like your version and your mount point and stuff like that.
-[880.52 --> 881.72]  Pretty useful if you need it.
-[882.08 --> 885.22]  Probably most people won't need that one, but it's there if you do.
-[885.22 --> 889.52]  The next one is mergerfs.fsoc.
-[890.04 --> 892.22]  So mergerfs.fsoc.
-[893.50 --> 897.80]  Audit's permissions, ownerships of files and directories in a mergerfs.mount.
-[898.08 --> 902.72]  And then one of the great tools that I really like is mergerfs.dupe.
-[902.88 --> 903.38]  No, no, no.
-[903.42 --> 903.68]  Hold on.
-[903.90 --> 906.90]  Before we sweep this under the carpet, we've got to clear this up.
-[907.40 --> 908.78]  Fsoc or fs.check.
-[909.04 --> 913.98]  If you have an opinion on this, let us know at self-hosted show on Twitter, please.
-[913.98 --> 914.58]  I don't know.
-[914.70 --> 916.58]  I think fsoc sounds a little dirty.
-[917.44 --> 917.84]  fs.ck.
-[919.50 --> 921.24]  All right, mergerfs.dupe.
-[921.26 --> 925.46]  This one duplicates files and directories across different branches in a pool.
-[926.22 --> 930.00]  The selected file can be duplicated using the dupe option.
-[930.32 --> 936.74]  So this could be useful if you're not using something like SnapRaid for kind of parity type redundancy.
-[937.00 --> 942.58]  This one would literally physically duplicate a file across X number of disks.
-[942.58 --> 946.12]  And then, of course, you have the follow-up to that, which is mergerfs.dupe.
-[946.62 --> 948.10]  Ddupe does as it says.
-[948.18 --> 950.26]  It finds removed duplicate files across pools.
-[950.92 --> 955.88]  You know, you can set up ignore, ddupe, and strict options to target specific use cases.
-[955.88 --> 964.28]  I can tell you, this one I used right away because as I was copying pictures over, you know, I copied them from my Mac.
-[964.38 --> 965.94]  I copied them from my Fedora box.
-[966.16 --> 970.28]  And I knew that I had them in multiple places because, as they say, if you don't have three copies...
-[970.28 --> 971.34]  It may as well not exist.
-[971.58 --> 971.72]  Yeah.
-[971.72 --> 977.30]  The first thing I did is I ran the ddupe, you know, because this became my fourth copy.
-[977.54 --> 980.60]  And there was no point in having multiple of the same files everywhere.
-[980.86 --> 982.12]  And it was really quick.
-[982.20 --> 983.10]  I was really surprised.
-[983.68 --> 989.12]  One of the things I like about the ddupe tool is, by default, it doesn't actually delete anything.
-[989.32 --> 997.42]  You have to explicitly set execute mode, which, you know, for fat-fingered people who don't read the docs like me on occasion, that's a good thing.
-[997.42 --> 1004.60]  And then again, as I originally mentioned, there's the MergerFS balance, you know, probably the best feature you're going to run into.
-[1004.80 --> 1008.48]  It's going to make sure that your data is balanced equally across the pool.
-[1008.90 --> 1010.92]  You know, you can set a defined range.
-[1011.02 --> 1012.62]  I think the default is like 2%.
-[1012.62 --> 1016.16]  So the last one is MergerFS.consolidate.
-[1016.24 --> 1018.86]  And this does the complete opposite of balance, really.
-[1018.94 --> 1023.94]  It takes things from multiple places and puts them and co-locates them all onto one single drive.
-[1024.90 --> 1026.60]  That one requires rsync.
-[1026.60 --> 1028.86]  I think there's a couple of others that require rsync as well.
-[1029.32 --> 1033.06]  But obviously under the hood, it's just doing some rsync magic to copy that stuff around.
-[1033.80 --> 1034.30]  It's definitely great.
-[1034.36 --> 1038.50]  Like I said, if you're running MergerFS in your home lab, definitely check it out.
-[1038.96 --> 1042.10]  You know, I'm sure there's going to be at least one tool in there that's going to help you out.
-[1043.98 --> 1045.84]  Linode.com slash SSH.
-[1045.98 --> 1049.34]  Go there to get a $100 60-day credit on your new Linode account.
-[1049.86 --> 1052.20]  Linode is the largest independent cloud provider.
-[1052.60 --> 1056.06]  Now, no matter what skill level you're at, what technology stack you use,
-[1056.06 --> 1058.58]  Linode can help your ideas come to life on the web.
-[1058.78 --> 1060.74]  If you run into any trouble getting set up,
-[1060.90 --> 1064.80]  Linode comes with amazing 24-7 customer support by phone or ticket,
-[1065.30 --> 1068.22]  along with hundreds of guides and tutorials to help you get started.
-[1069.10 --> 1071.68]  Linode has an easy-to-use and powerful cloud dashboard,
-[1072.24 --> 1073.82]  S3-compatible object storage,
-[1074.02 --> 1075.04]  cloud firewalls,
-[1075.20 --> 1077.50]  simple one-click application deployments,
-[1078.00 --> 1078.92]  super-fast networking,
-[1079.14 --> 1080.20]  and so much more.
-[1081.06 --> 1084.42]  Linode started in 2003 as one of the first companies in cloud computing,
-[1084.42 --> 1087.38]  three years before AWS and other enterprise providers.
-[1087.88 --> 1090.70]  They're independently owned and founded on a love for Linux.
-[1091.06 --> 1092.02]  And I tell you,
-[1092.10 --> 1095.50]  when you use Linode and you dig into some of their more advanced stuff,
-[1096.34 --> 1096.92]  by the way,
-[1096.96 --> 1099.42]  did you know they will let you boot your own ISOs?
-[1099.56 --> 1100.12]  Oh, yes.
-[1100.36 --> 1104.02]  If you want to run some esoteric thing from 20 years ago,
-[1104.20 --> 1105.98]  you can try and do that on Linode.
-[1105.98 --> 1111.76]  So go to linode.com slash SSH and get a $100 60-day credit on your new Linode account.
-[1112.00 --> 1114.50]  That's linode.com slash SSH.
-[1116.80 --> 1123.24]  One of the downsides of having a home lab and then a media server is I needed permission to buy it
-[1123.24 --> 1125.46]  and I needed permission to where to put it.
-[1125.76 --> 1129.26]  So the downside is it's next to my desk and it's in a small little hole.
-[1129.26 --> 1135.16]  And I have my three monitors and my MacBook and then I have my desktop for work.
-[1136.04 --> 1138.40]  And I have so many cables, you know,
-[1138.44 --> 1142.44]  and I'm constantly in a situation where when I need to hook up to the UNAZ,
-[1142.56 --> 1144.14]  I'm unplugging a cable.
-[1144.46 --> 1146.18]  Same thing with the ESXi box.
-[1146.68 --> 1147.82]  And I need a solution.
-[1148.70 --> 1151.46]  But I need a solution that really works.
-[1151.58 --> 1156.22]  I don't want the old style KVM where you're running all these cables and you're pushing a button.
-[1156.22 --> 1161.52]  You know, I want something that works with a modern monitor, HDMI, you know,
-[1161.84 --> 1163.86]  and something that just works.
-[1164.48 --> 1168.68]  Well, I was actually talking with Wendell about this the other night because he did a video on Pi KVM
-[1168.68 --> 1170.44]  and I sort of messaged him afterwards and said,
-[1170.52 --> 1178.58]  you know what would be really great is if I could take that single Pi 4 that I've got acting as a KVM unit
-[1178.58 --> 1182.58]  and control three or four systems with it.
-[1182.58 --> 1186.62]  I'm like, well, surely this should be possible with an HDMI switcher.
-[1187.04 --> 1190.82]  But I tried a couple in the past and they need you to actually be physically present
-[1190.82 --> 1195.18]  to push the button on the front of the damn thing to change the input from system one,
-[1195.34 --> 1197.12]  system two, three, four, whatever.
-[1198.00 --> 1201.24]  But the really nice thing about the unit that I've put in the show notes,
-[1201.50 --> 1205.10]  it's a four port HDMI switch.
-[1205.24 --> 1206.00]  It was about $60.
-[1206.00 --> 1211.28]  And this thing lets you use a keyboard shortcut to change inputs.
-[1211.40 --> 1214.42]  So I just press control, control, one, control, control, two,
-[1214.74 --> 1218.12]  and that changes the input on the KVM switch.
-[1218.42 --> 1222.44]  So how I've got it wired up is the HDMI goes from the server
-[1222.44 --> 1228.28]  out into the input of input one on the switch.
-[1228.28 --> 1236.96]  And then it comes from the switch output port into the capture port on the Raspberry Pi 4 through the CSI bridge.
-[1237.34 --> 1239.74]  Now, I've written a blog post about this, of course,
-[1239.88 --> 1242.74]  because that's what I seem to spend my spare time doing.
-[1243.16 --> 1245.50]  And I put a link to it in the show notes with a little diagram
-[1245.50 --> 1249.46]  in case that is a little confusing to follow by my talking.
-[1249.64 --> 1252.90]  But it takes about five minutes to wire up and put together.
-[1253.96 --> 1255.82]  And yeah, it just works, Morgan.
-[1255.82 --> 1257.04]  That's the really cool thing.
-[1257.14 --> 1263.14]  I can now switch between my server and my other server and my Raspberry Pi 3 that's doing DNS.
-[1263.62 --> 1266.30]  And they all just appear in the browser.
-[1266.54 --> 1267.56]  It's like magic.
-[1268.10 --> 1269.26]  Does it have the ability to record?
-[1269.66 --> 1270.62]  Can you record the output?
-[1271.00 --> 1272.08]  I don't think it does.
-[1272.20 --> 1273.56]  You can record macros.
-[1273.62 --> 1277.44]  So you can record different keyboard sequences and mouse sequences and that kind of thing.
-[1277.66 --> 1280.16]  But I don't think it will let you record the actual stream.
-[1280.86 --> 1283.60]  Although it's a WebRTC based system.
-[1283.60 --> 1289.58]  So I would wonder if there's some kind of a stream that we could hook into with VLC or something and maybe do it like that.
-[1289.90 --> 1294.14]  If you know the answer to that, again, write in and let us know at selfhosted.show slash contact.
-[1295.26 --> 1299.18]  Now, you're much more of a sysadmin than I am, I would say.
-[1299.24 --> 1304.82]  You've got a bit of a background working in all sorts of different places, cruise ships and hospitals and all sorts of places, right?
-[1304.82 --> 1311.24]  So you've probably run into email gateway issues when servers are trying to notify you that they've failed.
-[1311.82 --> 1314.68]  That's always been one of the fun parts about working in a data center.
-[1315.22 --> 1318.10]  Most of my employment has been with Exchange.
-[1318.26 --> 1321.24]  And you always run into these systems that just need an open relay.
-[1322.06 --> 1325.12]  As anybody knows, open relays are a little bit dangerous in the world.
-[1325.12 --> 1332.90]  So you're always looking for a good solution for, you know, an SMTP gateway that isn't expensive.
-[1333.30 --> 1338.30]  Or you can do what most people do and just copy their Gmail password around onto various boxes and have it connect that way.
-[1338.38 --> 1340.26]  I mean, what's the worst that can happen?
-[1340.58 --> 1342.06]  Yeah, when you're working from your home.
-[1342.18 --> 1344.62]  But, you know, what happens when you're working in a data center?
-[1345.12 --> 1346.64]  You're probably going to get that blocked.
-[1346.92 --> 1347.74]  Probably, yeah.
-[1347.74 --> 1350.76]  So I have an app pick for you that might tickle your fancy.
-[1350.90 --> 1352.10]  This one's called MailRise.
-[1352.28 --> 1355.44]  And this is an SMTP gateway for notifications.
-[1355.80 --> 1359.40]  Essentially, it plugs into an app we've mentioned before called AppRise.
-[1359.86 --> 1367.70]  So this MailRise application kind of sits in the middle, listening for emails, you know, syslog emails, whatever it might be.
-[1367.78 --> 1370.40]  Failures coming in from various different system services.
-[1370.92 --> 1376.22]  And when it receives the email, it reacts to that and then connects to AppRise.
-[1376.22 --> 1382.06]  So you can talk to any of the 60 plus notification services that AppRise supports.
-[1382.30 --> 1385.68]  So, you know, Telegram, Slack, Discord, you name it.
-[1386.44 --> 1397.36]  For those of you who are new to the show or possibly missed that episode, AppRise is a great tool that allows you to send notifications to almost all the most popular notification services today.
-[1397.86 --> 1403.06]  Think Telegram, Discord, Slack, you know, Reddit for those people who are really cool.
-[1403.18 --> 1405.68]  You know, it's a one notification library to rule them all.
-[1406.22 --> 1413.46]  And what's great is, is the tool MailRise, as Alex said, sits in front of that and is an SMTP gateway.
-[1413.88 --> 1419.80]  So there's a lot of applications that really don't have the ability to have that newer feature.
-[1420.52 --> 1425.68]  And MailRise gives you that by allowing you to send emails to the SMTP gateway and then you can send it off.
-[1425.68 --> 1434.86]  So when your laundry is done, you can send an email and post it on Reddit to let everybody know I now have clean clothes.
-[1435.64 --> 1436.60]  Hooray for that.
-[1436.92 --> 1438.40]  And that, you know, we live in the future.
-[1438.76 --> 1442.90]  We can monitor Morgan's laundry schedule via Reddit.
-[1442.90 --> 1451.04]  And speaking of the cloud, CloudFree.shop has some exciting news this week.
-[1451.26 --> 1454.58]  They have released their version 2 smart plugs.
-[1454.70 --> 1455.46]  So these are really cool.
-[1455.56 --> 1457.56]  They've got energy monitoring built right in.
-[1458.16 --> 1461.10]  And of course, they run TASMOTOR out of the box.
-[1461.10 --> 1467.36]  And, you know, the best thing about the company, it's a small family owned business run by one of our very own listeners.
-[1467.60 --> 1472.26]  Now you can go to CloudFree.shop and use the coupon code self-hosted so that they know that we sent you.
-[1472.82 --> 1475.72]  And you also get a dollar off per plug as well.
-[1476.08 --> 1479.16]  So that's CloudFree.shop with the coupon code self-hosted.
-[1479.16 --> 1481.98]  Mike writes to us,
-[1481.98 --> 1483.72]  Hey guys, love the show.
-[1484.12 --> 1485.82]  I'm a longtime Linux user and administrator.
-[1486.26 --> 1489.46]  But I have to admit, I've fallen a little behind on the whole container craze.
-[1489.86 --> 1490.86]  That's understandable, Mike.
-[1491.36 --> 1492.96]  I'm very comfortable with VMs.
-[1493.22 --> 1494.84]  They always made logical sense to me.
-[1495.30 --> 1501.40]  You have a virtual disk image, probably something with some metadata in it, and you get to run as a full-fledged system.
-[1501.96 --> 1507.98]  Something about the whole Docker runs X and it just magically happens without specifying any parameters
-[1507.98 --> 1509.46]  just struck me as creepy.
-[1510.44 --> 1513.82]  Regardless, I've used them a little bit inside of Firewall for LAN services,
-[1514.16 --> 1517.08]  but I'm wondering if there are best practices that either of you use.
-[1517.44 --> 1522.42]  For instance, when you're running multiple containers with persistence, where would you put the compose file?
-[1522.84 --> 1525.96]  Do you have any tips for organizing container volumes on CFS?
-[1526.56 --> 1528.72]  I've looked around and I haven't found any good articles.
-[1528.72 --> 1534.54]  Just lots of run Docker compose up and magic happens, which is disconcerting in a production environment to me.
-[1534.54 --> 1538.24]  That's the beautiful thing of Docker is it is just magic.
-[1538.76 --> 1541.44]  And for some people, that's exactly what they need.
-[1541.80 --> 1550.72]  You know, for your average person running an Unraid box or a small Raspberry Pi who's not working in this stuff day-to-day,
-[1550.72 --> 1556.82]  being able to do Docker run Plex or whatever it is without having to juggle half a dozen Bash scripts
-[1556.82 --> 1560.12]  and eight different versions of Java and all this kind of crap.
-[1561.10 --> 1563.62]  That's exactly where Docker is going to win.
-[1564.28 --> 1571.80]  Also, developers, if they're trying to do multiple different versions of an application development lifecycle all at once.
-[1571.80 --> 1578.70]  You know, I've got three different builds and I'm trying to figure out which one is causing my production systems to go down.
-[1579.36 --> 1584.18]  It's very easy to isolate and roll back a container that way because it's a declarative build.
-[1585.84 --> 1595.12]  But I understand there are some more old school people around that don't like that approach because it is a little more opaque than you've been used to.
-[1595.12 --> 1605.86]  However, I would say the reason it appears opaque is because perhaps you haven't quite taken the amount of time you need to to look into where that container originated from.
-[1607.52 --> 1614.74]  And sometimes you can go and look at the Docker file in the open source community and see basically a Docker file is like a recipe.
-[1615.08 --> 1617.88]  It's a glorified Bash script, essentially.
-[1618.74 --> 1624.06]  And say apt install this package, create this user, install this particular library.
-[1624.06 --> 1628.66]  And on the whole, those containers work pretty well.
-[1629.30 --> 1636.32]  And this is a problem that used to exist that I haven't seen really be a problem for quite some time now.
-[1636.86 --> 1641.34]  Is a lot of containers used to get uploaded to Docker Hub without a Docker file.
-[1641.52 --> 1645.62]  So you had to just trust that they weren't going to run a crypto miner on you or something like that.
-[1645.70 --> 1648.00]  And that problem largely seems to have gone away.
-[1649.00 --> 1651.20]  There are lots of different places you can go.
-[1651.32 --> 1652.84]  Linux server.io is one of them.
-[1652.84 --> 1657.34]  You can go to obviously Docker's website as well for some documentation there.
-[1657.90 --> 1660.66]  I'm going to say something that's probably not going to be popular.
-[1661.14 --> 1664.12]  But I don't think containers are solution for everything.
-[1665.60 --> 1669.64]  And it's Alex and I know containers are what puts roof over our heads.
-[1670.00 --> 1674.28]  And I will honestly tell you again, I don't think containers are the solution for everything.
-[1674.28 --> 1681.26]  You don't always need to build a server and install Docker or Podman and run a container on it.
-[1681.60 --> 1687.80]  Sometimes you can just install the Debian, the dev files or the RPM files and configure it yourself.
-[1687.80 --> 1694.76]  However, what containers do is it makes it easier to install services that work together.
-[1695.30 --> 1703.60]  You know, if you have a service that goes out and queries, it does a search for a file, injects that download file into the download service.
-[1703.86 --> 1705.80]  The download service then downloads the file.
-[1705.80 --> 1710.18]  Another service grabs the file, reads the metadata, processes it.
-[1710.58 --> 1711.90]  That's going to be really difficult.
-[1712.56 --> 1716.02]  How do we know that all three of those services require the same version of LibC?
-[1716.42 --> 1721.54]  How do we know that they require a specific version of Go, et cetera, et cetera?
-[1721.86 --> 1725.74]  You don't want to run into the situation where you're constantly looking at dependencies.
-[1725.94 --> 1727.24]  And that's what containers do.
-[1727.24 --> 1735.06]  So if you're doing a standalone box or standalone application, yeah, you know, doing the FAD install is perfectly fine.
-[1735.36 --> 1742.38]  But whenever you want to make sure that everything's going to work together and they're not going to butt heads, that's the real reason why containers were created.
-[1742.94 --> 1754.54]  Now, to answer your question about Docker compose files, the way I do it, and I'm sure Alex does it his way, is if the services need to speak to each other, they're in the same compose file.
-[1754.54 --> 1758.26]  I run 10 or 12 containers on my home lab.
-[1758.74 --> 1763.02]  And if the service does not need to talk to each other, it gets its own compose.
-[1763.60 --> 1764.98]  That's the way that I've always done it.
-[1765.36 --> 1771.74]  There's no reason for me to do a Docker compose up with AdGuard in the same exact compose as Plex.
-[1772.22 --> 1773.40]  They don't need to talk to each other.
-[1773.54 --> 1775.12]  They don't need to be on the same Docker network.
-[1775.36 --> 1777.36]  They can live in different Docker compose files.
-[1778.16 --> 1782.06]  I once had a colleague tell me that Docker was a solution looking for a problem.
-[1782.06 --> 1793.86]  Back then, this was like six years ago, I got really hot and steamy under the collar about this because Docker was the new hotness and I could see that it was going to solve all the world's problems.
-[1794.74 --> 1798.18]  And with a little bit of hindsight, I think I kind of agree with him in some ways.
-[1798.96 --> 1805.96]  It definitely has its use cases, but there are also places where VMs are probably better.
-[1805.96 --> 1812.74]  Now coming to another part of Mike's question, he asks about tips for organizing container volumes on ZFS.
-[1813.60 --> 1816.14]  I just create a data set per app, Mike.
-[1816.36 --> 1817.26]  It's as simple as that.
-[1817.40 --> 1818.36]  You can set quotas.
-[1818.68 --> 1823.12]  You can do snapshots, you know, using Jim Salter's Sanoid tool.
-[1823.58 --> 1831.18]  I have it set to do, I think, four hours worth of app data snapshots and then keep a daily snapshot and a monthly and an annual snapshot.
-[1831.18 --> 1846.60]  So the only thing to be aware of there is if you're doing something like InfluxDB or some kind of really chatty time series container or database that generates a lot of data, those snapshots will take up a lot of space because of how copy on write works.
-[1846.78 --> 1851.18]  So just make sure you're familiar with that concept before you dive into that one.
-[1852.18 --> 1854.72]  Ivan writes in, do you guys host your own email server?
-[1855.10 --> 1856.46]  And what are your thoughts on this?
-[1857.26 --> 1859.04]  This might be a good idea for the show.
-[1859.04 --> 1863.14]  I can tell you on a personal note, I love Gmail.
-[1863.70 --> 1864.62]  Why do I love Gmail?
-[1865.54 --> 1866.28]  It's easy.
-[1866.80 --> 1867.96]  They read my emails.
-[1868.36 --> 1869.94]  They tell me what I want to buy.
-[1870.36 --> 1873.70]  It works on my phone and they give me a bunch of storage.
-[1874.78 --> 1879.46]  But I can also tell you my private email is for my family only.
-[1880.04 --> 1883.70]  I don't give it out to anybody who isn't related to me by marriage or by blood.
-[1884.58 --> 1887.26]  And I run, therefore, my own email server.
-[1887.26 --> 1888.96]  It's been $5 a month.
-[1889.10 --> 1889.92]  It's on Linode.
-[1890.32 --> 1891.92]  I recommend everybody use it.
-[1893.08 --> 1895.34]  Do you, I want you to contact me for a job offer?
-[1896.10 --> 1896.88]  I have a Gmail.
-[1897.32 --> 1899.08]  Do I want to sign up for FPNL?
-[1899.70 --> 1900.02]  Gmail.
-[1900.58 --> 1903.86]  Do I want to send pictures to my mom, my kids?
-[1904.54 --> 1905.16]  Personal email.
-[1905.16 --> 1907.66]  I know that no one's ever going to get a hold of it.
-[1908.56 --> 1911.30]  I know that I'm not going to have to worry about getting spam.
-[1912.14 --> 1914.96]  Because, again, that's what Gmail is for.
-[1915.20 --> 1916.08]  It's for spam filtering.
-[1916.98 --> 1919.28]  My email that I host is for family only.
-[1919.86 --> 1922.22]  It's for things that I want for me and only my family.
-[1923.04 --> 1925.30]  And I recommend everybody to do the same.
-[1925.64 --> 1927.14]  Again, it's $5 a month.
-[1927.76 --> 1928.92]  Super easy to set up.
-[1928.92 --> 1930.14]  I like Gmail, too.
-[1930.56 --> 1931.52]  It just works.
-[1932.38 --> 1935.08]  So Thomas writes in with networking on his mind.
-[1935.56 --> 1939.10]  I wondered if either of you have touched VLANs on home networks.
-[1939.44 --> 1941.94]  I just got two Netgear Smart PoE switches.
-[1942.08 --> 1944.28]  And I'm thinking about how best to segment my network.
-[1944.70 --> 1947.40]  I've got a NUC with Fedora on it and a Windows laptop.
-[1947.68 --> 1949.78]  I've also got a NAS running some containers.
-[1949.78 --> 1954.74]  And I make use of WireGuard and Plex on there as well.
-[1955.80 --> 1959.62]  I've also got a Wi-Fi network that has a Google Nest and a pair of smart scales.
-[1960.48 --> 1963.28]  Thanks for an interesting show and inspiration for my home network.
-[1963.58 --> 1963.86]  Thomas.
-[1964.56 --> 1968.10]  VLANs and the home network is an interesting topic.
-[1969.12 --> 1973.20]  I think for 90 plus percentage of the world, you don't need them.
-[1974.14 --> 1977.84]  Until you start considering IoT devices and how insecure they are.
-[1977.84 --> 1979.96]  And who can get access to them.
-[1980.86 --> 1987.04]  And the second you have IoT devices that are a huge gaping security hole, you need to segment them.
-[1987.24 --> 1988.36]  And that's where VLANs come in.
-[1988.66 --> 1989.96]  And that's the number one thing I do.
-[1990.58 --> 1993.64]  My Wyze cameras, they're on separate VLAN and SSID.
-[1994.88 --> 2000.96]  My EcoVac Smart Vacuum on its own SSID and its own VLAN.
-[2001.36 --> 2007.32]  Because I want to segment anything on my network that is going to potentially open me up to attack.
-[2008.08 --> 2012.16]  The other reason why I use VLANs is, again, as I mentioned, I have a home lab.
-[2012.64 --> 2013.94]  I have all these services running.
-[2014.36 --> 2017.16]  Sometimes I have multiple THCP that I'm testing, etc.
-[2017.56 --> 2020.42]  I don't want that to conflict with my home network.
-[2020.96 --> 2022.24]  So that's where VLANs come in.
-[2022.92 --> 2024.42]  I use VLANs for DMZ.
-[2024.62 --> 2027.20]  Things that I want to expose outside my network.
-[2027.90 --> 2029.04]  VLANs are really about segmentation.
-[2030.74 --> 2034.12]  Take what you need that needs to talk to each other and put it on its own VLAN.
-[2034.12 --> 2036.70]  And that's the way that you should think about it.
-[2037.34 --> 2041.76]  Somehow I've managed to avoid the temptation of VLANs this whole time.
-[2041.76 --> 2045.00]  Because it requires a bit of extra hardware or a bit more advanced hardware.
-[2045.14 --> 2047.90]  So you've got to have a couple of switches that support VLANs.
-[2048.18 --> 2053.74]  And something to configure them at the router level as well.
-[2054.14 --> 2055.76]  So it's not just a plug and play thing.
-[2055.80 --> 2057.80]  You've got to have a bit more about you to do it.
-[2057.80 --> 2062.82]  And I've just kind of swept that one under the carpet and just opened up a bigger subnet
-[2062.82 --> 2066.30]  and put things in different subnets and just kind of prayed and hoped for the best, really.
-[2067.02 --> 2068.02]  That's been my approach.
-[2069.02 --> 2075.04]  I'm sure that most people who are running home labs, you know, they have Ubiquity, Microtech.
-[2075.76 --> 2078.20]  You know, a lot of the equipment that we already have can do it.
-[2078.66 --> 2079.26]  That's a good point.
-[2079.68 --> 2085.08]  I think the biggest issue is that people look at VLANs and they're a little hesitant
-[2085.08 --> 2087.20]  because they're afraid of what it can do.
-[2087.84 --> 2092.62]  I can definitely tell you I've gotten VLANs wrong and I've made a mess of things.
-[2093.14 --> 2094.46]  But that's what a home lab is for.
-[2094.88 --> 2095.62]  Break some eggs, eh?
-[2096.70 --> 2097.14]  All right.
-[2097.16 --> 2099.18]  Well, thank you very much for joining us this week, Morgan.
-[2099.32 --> 2102.38]  It was a very, very last minute that we had to call upon you.
-[2102.80 --> 2106.12]  Because we generally record the night before the show goes out on the Friday morning.
-[2106.12 --> 2109.50]  So we didn't have much time after Chris's laptop got flooded.
-[2110.22 --> 2114.84]  And also a big thank you to our members over at selfhosted.show.sre.
-[2115.08 --> 2116.74]  You can go over there and support the show.
-[2116.88 --> 2121.72]  And obviously we do appreciate that because it goes straight into the JB coffers to support
-[2121.72 --> 2122.62]  the network directly.
-[2122.62 --> 2125.14]  So we don't have to have as many sponsors on the shows.
-[2125.80 --> 2127.92]  Speaking of which, we have to thank A Cloud Guru.
-[2128.18 --> 2130.56]  And you can find them just about anywhere on social media.
-[2130.72 --> 2135.64]  They are slash A Cloud Guru on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, just about everywhere.
-[2136.64 --> 2140.72]  So for all the different ways to go and get in touch with us, you can go to selfhosted.show
-[2140.72 --> 2143.20]  slash contact is the place to go to get in touch with us.
-[2143.20 --> 2145.42]  And you can find me on Twitter at ironicbadger.
-[2146.10 --> 2148.94]  And I don't have social media because I don't want to be cancelled.
-[2152.14 --> 2156.04]  Oh, well, I know you troll people on Reddit on a regular basis, but you can also find the
-[2156.04 --> 2157.60]  show at selfhosted.show.
-[2158.00 --> 2159.10]  Thanks for listening, everybody.
-[2159.10 --> 2161.74]  That was selfhosted.show slash 48.
+[0.00 --> 6.40]  This episode is brought to you by the all-new A Cloud Guru, the leader in learning for cloud, Linux and other modern tech skills.
+[6.78 --> 13.12]  Hundreds of courses, thousands of hands-on labs. Get certified, get hired, get learning at acloudguru.com.
+[14.62 --> 22.78]  This is a bit of an awkward one. Chris just messaged me and said that he's poured 15 gallons of water all over his MacBook Pro for some reason.
+[23.00 --> 24.86]  I don't know why he'd go ahead and do that.
+[25.12 --> 29.86]  So we have a backup post today. We have Morgan joining us from Florida. Hello, Morgan. How are you?
+[30.24 --> 33.84]  You know, a little hot, a little sweaty, but it's what I'm used to.
+[34.16 --> 36.54]  Nothing compared to the Pacific Northwest this week.
+[37.08 --> 39.06]  Yeah, I can't complain about that. At least I have AC.
+[39.62 --> 42.96]  Yeah, yeah. Down in Florida, I mean, you kind of have to have it, right?
+[43.12 --> 47.80]  So, Morgan, you last joined us on episode 18 to talk about doorbells.
+[47.80 --> 50.10]  So does that make you our resident doorbell correspondent?
+[50.34 --> 56.56]  Well, seeing how the doorbell died on me, and I think it was actually the heat that killed it, maybe.
+[56.56 --> 60.06]  All right. Well, let's talk about doorbells, shall we?
+[60.10 --> 66.00]  Last time you were on, you were testing one of the cloud-free doorbells for us.
+[66.26 --> 67.60]  And how's that been going?
+[67.60 --> 77.66]  So a couple months ago, I would say back in April, I went to check to see if a package was left at my door, and I noticed I couldn't connect to the doorbell.
+[77.66 --> 85.54]  So I fired up the, you know, Unify app, and I noticed it disconnected at about seven-something in the morning the day before.
+[86.18 --> 88.50]  You check the actual doorbell itself.
+[88.68 --> 89.68]  It still has power.
+[89.80 --> 90.38]  It works.
+[91.06 --> 92.54]  But the camera doesn't work.
+[92.66 --> 94.76]  So, you know, I go on the website.
+[95.34 --> 96.24]  No real help.
+[96.36 --> 100.56]  There's a forum, because as you guys know, this is a generic relabeled camera.
+[100.56 --> 109.42]  So I go on the website, the EasyViz website, and I start taking a look, and there's like 10 or 12 different ways to save it, to bring it back.
+[110.08 --> 110.44]  Nothing.
+[110.76 --> 112.26]  You know, I couldn't get it to come back.
+[112.70 --> 118.04]  You know, we were super concerned about heat, and it just died on me.
+[118.18 --> 123.56]  You know, I pulled out the SD card, and I threw it in there, and, you know, I had it set to just record nonstop.
+[123.56 --> 127.24]  And sure enough, like right at 7 a.m. in the morning, it just died on me.
+[127.86 --> 130.64]  You know, the SD card's fine, but it just died.
+[131.50 --> 134.82]  To check that it wasn't the transformer, I replaced the transformer.
+[135.48 --> 137.66]  I replaced the electronic doorbell itself.
+[138.26 --> 139.84]  Everything was fine, just the camera.
+[140.04 --> 144.62]  So I don't know if, you know, I just got unlucky.
+[145.16 --> 147.26]  You know, the model I had had an issue with it.
+[147.26 --> 153.52]  And I've seen other people talk about how they have them in Arizona, and they reach, you know, temperatures a lot higher than what I have.
+[153.64 --> 155.86]  But unfortunately for me, it died.
+[156.66 --> 157.66]  Is yours in direct sunlight?
+[158.20 --> 161.94]  It is in direct sunlight for the last hour or two of the day.
+[162.66 --> 167.62]  Luckily, my front door faces west, and, you know, the houses are two stories.
+[167.62 --> 171.22]  So with the trees, usually the last two hours of the day.
+[171.54 --> 174.32]  And it doesn't get enough direct sunlight to get too hot.
+[174.32 --> 178.52]  But again, as we mentioned on the original show, it's hot to the touch, you know.
+[178.60 --> 179.78]  So that was a concern.
+[180.26 --> 182.78]  And maybe that's the reason why it bit the bullet.
+[183.16 --> 190.58]  Well, I mean, on the flip side, I've been using the EasyVis branded version of this doorbell for the last year or so at my house.
+[191.04 --> 197.46]  And as you say, it runs a bit warm, but I've not had any issues with it dropping out or stopping working or anything like that.
+[197.46 --> 201.36]  I guess it's just based on your field research.
+[201.52 --> 202.62]  It's just a matter of time, hey?
+[202.62 --> 208.38]  The downside is there's not a lot of options out there other than these EasyVis clones.
+[209.36 --> 214.78]  RCA makes an EasyVis clone, and a lot of people are saying that the firmware is actually a little bit better.
+[215.70 --> 218.08]  You know, Wyze just came out with a camera.
+[218.42 --> 221.70]  And unfortunately, you know, Wyze did a little bit of trickery.
+[222.02 --> 226.90]  You know, there's a USB port that they cover with a sticker that they don't tell you that's there.
+[226.90 --> 230.20]  You know, there's a YouTube video that shows you how to access that.
+[230.54 --> 233.74]  And it's actually really great for, you know, places like an RV.
+[233.74 --> 236.38]  But it's cloud storage only.
+[237.10 --> 241.12]  You know, there's no SD card port.
+[241.12 --> 245.70]  So you're in a situation where you're really being forced into the cloud.
+[246.28 --> 250.80]  And the only viable option that I can find is back to the EasyVis clone.
+[251.26 --> 259.72]  And to be honest with you, I've run without a doorbell camera for a while because I don't want to buy something that I know is not going to be good.
+[259.72 --> 266.60]  So I may find myself again in the next few days with yet another EasyVis clone.
+[267.10 --> 269.08]  Or I may go with the RCA.
+[269.30 --> 272.74]  The RCA one, it seems to be the one that everybody recommends.
+[273.42 --> 273.96]  Yeah, it's interesting.
+[274.08 --> 278.38]  Looking at the Wyze website, they've started making pretty much everything.
+[279.00 --> 284.84]  I've seen a smartwatch from them recently and doorbell on top of the cameras and all that kind of stuff.
+[284.94 --> 289.18]  So they're really expanding their business pretty aggressively at the moment.
+[289.18 --> 292.00]  And I'm not sure how to feel about it.
+[292.26 --> 301.10]  Like, they obviously made their name with these really cheap, affordable $20 little cameras that most people use.
+[301.14 --> 304.50]  And I've still got a couple in this house that have got the RTSP firmware on them.
+[305.06 --> 305.68]  They work great.
+[306.10 --> 313.68]  But the version 3s, the company says the RTSP firmware is, air quotes, coming soon.
+[314.18 --> 315.94]  And that was six months ago.
+[316.18 --> 318.48]  And yeah, it hasn't come soon yet.
+[318.48 --> 319.96]  So I don't know.
+[320.04 --> 321.46]  Why is it kind of on thin ice with me?
+[321.56 --> 326.36]  So I'd be wary of going down that route just for that reason alone.
+[326.94 --> 335.68]  There's definitely a market right now for somebody to come in and make a doorbell that is just bare bones.
+[336.00 --> 336.98]  It does what you need.
+[337.24 --> 341.70]  SD slot powered either by batteries or powered by a transformer.
+[341.70 --> 345.88]  And has the ability to be connected to, you know, to stream.
+[346.68 --> 349.00]  The future is getting you into that monthly payment.
+[349.50 --> 354.78]  And the more features they strip out, the better chance that you're going to make that monthly payment.
+[355.18 --> 356.60]  And it's really unfortunate.
+[356.60 --> 360.08]  And it makes home labs and self-hosting even harder.
+[360.08 --> 364.22]  I don't know what's going to happen if EasyViz stops selling the clones.
+[364.50 --> 366.98]  I mean, that model is, I think, a little over two years now.
+[367.04 --> 369.62]  It doesn't look like they're looking to come out with a new one.
+[370.24 --> 372.02]  Planned obsolescence is a real problem.
+[372.02 --> 386.26]  And I think one of the things we can do to kind of help the environment in that respect from, you know, pointless e-waste is, I suppose, on the one hand is consume less, right?
+[386.38 --> 387.76]  Buy less stuff that we don't need.
+[387.84 --> 395.18]  I mean, our doorbells have functioned fine for 30 years as just a little switch with a wire going to a little bell in the hallway.
+[395.18 --> 404.92]  Anyway, the fact that we're sat here talking about them having a camera in them and all sorts of circuitry and stuff when there's a global chip crisis is very much a first world problem.
+[405.60 --> 414.12]  But on the other hand, I think these companies can do a lot more to help us, help them, really, in having open devices and open firmwares.
+[414.12 --> 420.94]  And I saw some news today come out of the UK about this right to repair bill that they've passed.
+[420.94 --> 433.88]  And how it's unbelievable, the right to repair bill they've passed doesn't include laptops and phones, which are two of the most important devices that people upgrade regularly.
+[434.06 --> 446.32]  I mean, fridges and washing machines and all that kind of stuff are important, of course, because they're very bulky and, you know, refrigerant and all that kind of stuff is, it's not endless to manufacture this stuff.
+[446.32 --> 457.26]  But yeah, I think there's some kind of ethical responsibility that these manufacturers have to start playing, you know, playing the game.
+[457.64 --> 460.38]  But it's all about where's the incentive?
+[460.58 --> 466.36]  Like if, let's take Samsung, for example, if they make a smartphone and it lasts three years,
+[466.36 --> 474.38]  they foot exactly 0% of the bill to recycle, to, you know, dispose of that item.
+[475.00 --> 478.60]  They sell me the phone, I use it for a little bit and I throw it in the bin.
+[479.50 --> 483.50]  The transaction so far as Samsung is concerned is I've bought the phone.
+[483.80 --> 490.70]  There's no consequence for them if I throw it in the bin after a day or after three years.
+[490.70 --> 502.74]  And I think until we have a way of getting companies attached to their environmental footprint, if that's even the right word,
+[502.88 --> 508.88]  that, you know, the waste that their products generate by failing prematurely, this cycle is just going to perpetuate.
+[509.42 --> 509.84]  That's a good point.
+[509.84 --> 520.72]  The other thing you're taking consideration is you have CEOs of major car manufacturers who are guilt tripping cryptocurrency miners for wasting electricity
+[520.72 --> 527.66]  without taking into consideration of how does the electricity get produced that then powers the very car he sells.
+[528.34 --> 530.32]  I wonder who you could be talking about there.
+[530.40 --> 532.92]  I think his name begins with E and ends with Lon, right?
+[533.42 --> 534.02]  Possibly.
+[534.18 --> 535.90]  But that's another topic for another day.
+[536.24 --> 539.68]  And I don't want to get attacked on a Twitter account I don't have.
+[539.84 --> 547.68]  Well, speaking of Twitter, Home Assistant announced this week that they're going to be working on an official two-year integration.
+[548.18 --> 548.90]  This is pretty cool.
+[549.00 --> 556.02]  So two-year, the manufacturer, are going to be actually writing software that is compatible out of the box with Home Assistant.
+[556.60 --> 559.04]  I've struggled to deploy Home Assistant.
+[559.60 --> 561.30]  And it's not because I don't want to use it.
+[561.78 --> 566.32]  It's because I just can't make up my mind what product to go with.
+[566.32 --> 575.00]  And I think the biggest issue that I'm having is I want to host my own solutions, but I don't want to get vendor lock-in.
+[575.48 --> 580.40]  I don't want to go with something that requires me to do a hack install.
+[580.40 --> 583.00]  I want something that's just going to be easy.
+[583.16 --> 584.30]  I can take it out of the box.
+[584.46 --> 585.86]  I can connect it to my Wi-Fi.
+[586.20 --> 587.98]  I can wire it into my device.
+[588.20 --> 589.68]  And then I can go into Home Assistant.
+[589.92 --> 591.18]  I click a wizard and it's done.
+[591.84 --> 595.02]  And I've talked to a lot of other people who are in the same situation.
+[595.38 --> 599.92]  We have a lot of really intelligent people who are out there that are very tech savvy,
+[599.92 --> 608.12]  but they don't want the hassle of having to configure XML files or JSON or installing firmware, etc., etc.
+[608.38 --> 609.48]  It is a pain.
+[609.72 --> 616.12]  And it's the biggest roadblock that I see to get people to adapt.
+[616.46 --> 621.34]  So to hear that somebody is going to come out and design something that is going to work directly with Home Assistant
+[621.34 --> 625.04]  and is integrated into their firmware is phenomenal.
+[625.04 --> 632.96]  What's really exciting about this piece of news is that they say that they're going to do the cloud API first with a local API to follow.
+[633.40 --> 638.84]  Now, I love me a good local API because I don't see why, if I have a light bulb next to me on my desk,
+[639.16 --> 645.38]  why does it need to go all the way to a data center in outer Mongolia and then come back to my desk again?
+[645.54 --> 647.74]  I mean, it's got to travel six feet.
+[647.92 --> 649.96]  So why don't we just do that?
+[650.28 --> 651.54]  Why do we need to go out and in again?
+[652.10 --> 653.82]  So that's very exciting to me, too.
+[653.82 --> 655.12]  Yeah, I totally agree.
+[655.38 --> 657.52]  And it's interesting what you're saying about a local API.
+[658.18 --> 664.22]  When you got me hooked on Shelleys and I wired a couple of Shelleys in to control some lights around the house,
+[664.68 --> 667.04]  the first thing I did is I timed it.
+[667.36 --> 674.68]  How long does it take to tell Alexa to turn off the light compared to how long does it take to open the app?
+[674.74 --> 677.82]  And I click the lights off and they turn off.
+[678.42 --> 681.72]  And these are seconds that we're talking about.
+[681.72 --> 685.92]  But just the idea that it's instantaneous, right?
+[685.96 --> 687.88]  We're not having to transverse the internet.
+[688.22 --> 694.32]  I have no idea who's looking at my packets, what Amazon is trying to do with what I just said.
+[694.78 --> 698.48]  But the idea that it's local, it's in your house.
+[698.72 --> 702.68]  If you lose internet, you can still control your lights.
+[702.94 --> 704.50]  Can't do that when you're cloud connected.
+[704.50 --> 708.28]  We've probably got some people listening that are going, yeah, what was wrong with a light switch?
+[708.36 --> 710.90]  I mean, you could control your lights without the internet with a light switch.
+[711.52 --> 714.88]  But, you know, you can't automate a light switch particularly well.
+[715.06 --> 717.76]  I suppose you could have a child and get them to walk over and flick the switch.
+[717.88 --> 720.38]  But that's quite an expensive solution, really, isn't it?
+[720.38 --> 726.80]  Yeah, and I have six lights that are embedded in the ceiling where I watch our movies.
+[727.26 --> 731.24]  And sometimes I want four of them on or I want the two behind me on.
+[731.58 --> 734.62]  And previously, they were all wired to an on and off switch.
+[734.94 --> 740.26]  And I really don't want to be in a situation where I need to run six, eight switches to get what I want.
+[740.72 --> 744.08]  But I spent a day, ran some wires, installed some Shelleys.
+[744.08 --> 749.86]  When I say turn off one, two, three, and four, they turn off.
+[750.32 --> 751.16]  Bada bing, bada boom.
+[751.84 --> 759.40]  A couple months ago, I finally decided that I was going to pull out the wallet and make some purchases and build a home server.
+[759.82 --> 763.74]  Now, I had a home lab that I previously talked about before, but it was just that.
+[763.82 --> 764.42]  It was a lab.
+[764.64 --> 766.80]  I tore it up, broke it a lot.
+[767.10 --> 768.06]  It broke a lot.
+[768.06 --> 777.54]  So it wasn't something that I could reliably count on to host services that my kids need every day.
+[777.88 --> 783.36]  To watch movies, TV, to listen to music, all that good stuff.
+[783.64 --> 785.02]  Really important stuff, right?
+[785.46 --> 787.90]  The things that keep them from driving me insane.
+[788.92 --> 794.88]  So, Alex, you had a UNAZ that you had bought and you didn't need it anymore.
+[794.88 --> 798.86]  So I graciously, for a decent price, took that off your hands.
+[799.76 --> 807.14]  And, you know, I set it up, got it all built, slapped in a bunch of spinning disks, set up MergerFS.
+[807.68 --> 812.62]  Well, I didn't go to perfectmediaserver.com and I didn't read the directions.
+[813.02 --> 815.46]  So I totally didn't set up MergerFS properly.
+[815.72 --> 822.54]  And I found out that we really couldn't stream two or three movies at a time because they just weren't handling the bandwidth.
+[822.70 --> 824.02]  And I was like, what did I do wrong?
+[824.02 --> 826.74]  And then I realized, ah, genius.
+[827.48 --> 828.76]  Everything's going to one disk.
+[828.90 --> 831.40]  You're trying to stream a bunch of movies at one time.
+[831.58 --> 833.12]  People are trying to listen to music.
+[833.24 --> 834.14]  It's just not going to work.
+[834.44 --> 839.46]  So I had to find something that would let me properly rebalance, right?
+[839.78 --> 841.44]  And off to Google I went.
+[841.68 --> 843.98]  And so I fell upon MergerFS-tools.
+[844.68 --> 846.56]  You know, it's over on GitHub.
+[847.26 --> 847.70]  Fantastic.
+[848.04 --> 848.88]  Easy to set up.
+[849.72 --> 850.58]  Clone the repository.
+[850.58 --> 855.12]  Within seconds, everything's being rebalanced across my drives.
+[855.12 --> 857.14]  Yeah, these tools are really great, actually.
+[857.38 --> 858.36]  And there's a few of them.
+[858.58 --> 862.40]  It's mergerfs.ctl.fsoc.dupe.
+[862.40 --> 865.78]  And the first one is mergerfs.ctl.
+[866.08 --> 869.70]  This is a wrapper around the MergerFS-x-atra interface.
+[870.54 --> 876.02]  Essentially what this lets you do is add and remove drives as well as get info about the array that's in there.
+[876.70 --> 880.14]  And, you know, print things like your version and your mount point and stuff like that.
+[880.52 --> 881.72]  Pretty useful if you need it.
+[882.08 --> 885.22]  Probably most people won't need that one, but it's there if you do.
+[885.22 --> 889.52]  The next one is mergerfs.fsoc.
+[890.04 --> 892.22]  So mergerfs.fsoc.
+[893.50 --> 897.80]  Audit's permissions, ownerships of files and directories in a mergerfs.mount.
+[898.08 --> 902.72]  And then one of the great tools that I really like is mergerfs.dupe.
+[902.88 --> 903.38]  No, no, no.
+[903.42 --> 903.68]  Hold on.
+[903.90 --> 906.90]  Before we sweep this under the carpet, we've got to clear this up.
+[907.40 --> 908.78]  Fsoc or fs.check.
+[909.04 --> 913.98]  If you have an opinion on this, let us know at self-hosted show on Twitter, please.
+[913.98 --> 914.58]  I don't know.
+[914.70 --> 916.58]  I think fsoc sounds a little dirty.
+[917.44 --> 917.84]  fs.ck.
+[919.50 --> 921.24]  All right, mergerfs.dupe.
+[921.26 --> 925.46]  This one duplicates files and directories across different branches in a pool.
+[926.22 --> 930.00]  The selected file can be duplicated using the dupe option.
+[930.32 --> 936.74]  So this could be useful if you're not using something like SnapRaid for kind of parity type redundancy.
+[937.00 --> 942.58]  This one would literally physically duplicate a file across X number of disks.
+[942.58 --> 946.12]  And then, of course, you have the follow-up to that, which is mergerfs.dupe.
+[946.62 --> 948.10]  Ddupe does as it says.
+[948.18 --> 950.26]  It finds removed duplicate files across pools.
+[950.92 --> 955.88]  You know, you can set up ignore, ddupe, and strict options to target specific use cases.
+[955.88 --> 964.28]  I can tell you, this one I used right away because as I was copying pictures over, you know, I copied them from my Mac.
+[964.38 --> 965.94]  I copied them from my Fedora box.
+[966.16 --> 970.28]  And I knew that I had them in multiple places because, as they say, if you don't have three copies...
+[970.28 --> 971.34]  It may as well not exist.
+[971.58 --> 971.72]  Yeah.
+[971.72 --> 977.30]  The first thing I did is I ran the ddupe, you know, because this became my fourth copy.
+[977.54 --> 980.60]  And there was no point in having multiple of the same files everywhere.
+[980.86 --> 982.12]  And it was really quick.
+[982.20 --> 983.10]  I was really surprised.
+[983.68 --> 989.12]  One of the things I like about the ddupe tool is, by default, it doesn't actually delete anything.
+[989.32 --> 997.42]  You have to explicitly set execute mode, which, you know, for fat-fingered people who don't read the docs like me on occasion, that's a good thing.
+[997.42 --> 1004.60]  And then again, as I originally mentioned, there's the MergerFS balance, you know, probably the best feature you're going to run into.
+[1004.80 --> 1008.48]  It's going to make sure that your data is balanced equally across the pool.
+[1008.90 --> 1010.92]  You know, you can set a defined range.
+[1011.02 --> 1012.62]  I think the default is like 2%.
+[1012.62 --> 1016.16]  So the last one is MergerFS.consolidate.
+[1016.24 --> 1018.86]  And this does the complete opposite of balance, really.
+[1018.94 --> 1023.94]  It takes things from multiple places and puts them and co-locates them all onto one single drive.
+[1024.90 --> 1026.60]  That one requires rsync.
+[1026.60 --> 1028.86]  I think there's a couple of others that require rsync as well.
+[1029.32 --> 1033.06]  But obviously under the hood, it's just doing some rsync magic to copy that stuff around.
+[1033.80 --> 1034.30]  It's definitely great.
+[1034.36 --> 1038.50]  Like I said, if you're running MergerFS in your home lab, definitely check it out.
+[1038.96 --> 1042.10]  You know, I'm sure there's going to be at least one tool in there that's going to help you out.
+[1043.98 --> 1045.84]  Linode.com slash SSH.
+[1045.98 --> 1049.34]  Go there to get a $100 60-day credit on your new Linode account.
+[1049.86 --> 1052.20]  Linode is the largest independent cloud provider.
+[1052.60 --> 1056.06]  Now, no matter what skill level you're at, what technology stack you use,
+[1056.06 --> 1058.58]  Linode can help your ideas come to life on the web.
+[1058.78 --> 1060.74]  If you run into any trouble getting set up,
+[1060.90 --> 1064.80]  Linode comes with amazing 24-7 customer support by phone or ticket,
+[1065.30 --> 1068.22]  along with hundreds of guides and tutorials to help you get started.
+[1069.10 --> 1071.68]  Linode has an easy-to-use and powerful cloud dashboard,
+[1072.24 --> 1073.82]  S3-compatible object storage,
+[1074.02 --> 1075.04]  cloud firewalls,
+[1075.20 --> 1077.50]  simple one-click application deployments,
+[1078.00 --> 1078.92]  super-fast networking,
+[1079.14 --> 1080.20]  and so much more.
+[1081.06 --> 1084.42]  Linode started in 2003 as one of the first companies in cloud computing,
+[1084.42 --> 1087.38]  three years before AWS and other enterprise providers.
+[1087.88 --> 1090.70]  They're independently owned and founded on a love for Linux.
+[1091.06 --> 1092.02]  And I tell you,
+[1092.10 --> 1095.50]  when you use Linode and you dig into some of their more advanced stuff,
+[1096.34 --> 1096.92]  by the way,
+[1096.96 --> 1099.42]  did you know they will let you boot your own ISOs?
+[1099.56 --> 1100.12]  Oh, yes.
+[1100.36 --> 1104.02]  If you want to run some esoteric thing from 20 years ago,
+[1104.20 --> 1105.98]  you can try and do that on Linode.
+[1105.98 --> 1111.76]  So go to linode.com slash SSH and get a $100 60-day credit on your new Linode account.
+[1112.00 --> 1114.50]  That's linode.com slash SSH.
+[1116.80 --> 1123.24]  One of the downsides of having a home lab and then a media server is I needed permission to buy it
+[1123.24 --> 1125.46]  and I needed permission to where to put it.
+[1125.76 --> 1129.26]  So the downside is it's next to my desk and it's in a small little hole.
+[1129.26 --> 1135.16]  And I have my three monitors and my MacBook and then I have my desktop for work.
+[1136.04 --> 1138.40]  And I have so many cables, you know,
+[1138.44 --> 1142.44]  and I'm constantly in a situation where when I need to hook up to the UNAZ,
+[1142.56 --> 1144.14]  I'm unplugging a cable.
+[1144.46 --> 1146.18]  Same thing with the ESXi box.
+[1146.68 --> 1147.82]  And I need a solution.
+[1148.70 --> 1151.46]  But I need a solution that really works.
+[1151.58 --> 1156.22]  I don't want the old style KVM where you're running all these cables and you're pushing a button.
+[1156.22 --> 1161.52]  You know, I want something that works with a modern monitor, HDMI, you know,
+[1161.84 --> 1163.86]  and something that just works.
+[1164.48 --> 1168.68]  Well, I was actually talking with Wendell about this the other night because he did a video on Pi KVM
+[1168.68 --> 1170.44]  and I sort of messaged him afterwards and said,
+[1170.52 --> 1178.58]  you know what would be really great is if I could take that single Pi 4 that I've got acting as a KVM unit
+[1178.58 --> 1182.58]  and control three or four systems with it.
+[1182.58 --> 1186.62]  I'm like, well, surely this should be possible with an HDMI switcher.
+[1187.04 --> 1190.82]  But I tried a couple in the past and they need you to actually be physically present
+[1190.82 --> 1195.18]  to push the button on the front of the damn thing to change the input from system one,
+[1195.34 --> 1197.12]  system two, three, four, whatever.
+[1198.00 --> 1201.24]  But the really nice thing about the unit that I've put in the show notes,
+[1201.50 --> 1205.10]  it's a four port HDMI switch.
+[1205.24 --> 1206.00]  It was about $60.
+[1206.00 --> 1211.28]  And this thing lets you use a keyboard shortcut to change inputs.
+[1211.40 --> 1214.42]  So I just press control, control, one, control, control, two,
+[1214.74 --> 1218.12]  and that changes the input on the KVM switch.
+[1218.42 --> 1222.44]  So how I've got it wired up is the HDMI goes from the server
+[1222.44 --> 1228.28]  out into the input of input one on the switch.
+[1228.28 --> 1236.96]  And then it comes from the switch output port into the capture port on the Raspberry Pi 4 through the CSI bridge.
+[1237.34 --> 1239.74]  Now, I've written a blog post about this, of course,
+[1239.88 --> 1242.74]  because that's what I seem to spend my spare time doing.
+[1243.16 --> 1245.50]  And I put a link to it in the show notes with a little diagram
+[1245.50 --> 1249.46]  in case that is a little confusing to follow by my talking.
+[1249.64 --> 1252.90]  But it takes about five minutes to wire up and put together.
+[1253.96 --> 1255.82]  And yeah, it just works, Morgan.
+[1255.82 --> 1257.04]  That's the really cool thing.
+[1257.14 --> 1263.14]  I can now switch between my server and my other server and my Raspberry Pi 3 that's doing DNS.
+[1263.62 --> 1266.30]  And they all just appear in the browser.
+[1266.54 --> 1267.56]  It's like magic.
+[1268.10 --> 1269.26]  Does it have the ability to record?
+[1269.66 --> 1270.62]  Can you record the output?
+[1271.00 --> 1272.08]  I don't think it does.
+[1272.20 --> 1273.56]  You can record macros.
+[1273.62 --> 1277.44]  So you can record different keyboard sequences and mouse sequences and that kind of thing.
+[1277.66 --> 1280.16]  But I don't think it will let you record the actual stream.
+[1280.86 --> 1283.60]  Although it's a WebRTC based system.
+[1283.60 --> 1289.58]  So I would wonder if there's some kind of a stream that we could hook into with VLC or something and maybe do it like that.
+[1289.90 --> 1294.14]  If you know the answer to that, again, write in and let us know at selfhosted.show slash contact.
+[1295.26 --> 1299.18]  Now, you're much more of a sysadmin than I am, I would say.
+[1299.24 --> 1304.82]  You've got a bit of a background working in all sorts of different places, cruise ships and hospitals and all sorts of places, right?
+[1304.82 --> 1311.24]  So you've probably run into email gateway issues when servers are trying to notify you that they've failed.
+[1311.82 --> 1314.68]  That's always been one of the fun parts about working in a data center.
+[1315.22 --> 1318.10]  Most of my employment has been with Exchange.
+[1318.26 --> 1321.24]  And you always run into these systems that just need an open relay.
+[1322.06 --> 1325.12]  As anybody knows, open relays are a little bit dangerous in the world.
+[1325.12 --> 1332.90]  So you're always looking for a good solution for, you know, an SMTP gateway that isn't expensive.
+[1333.30 --> 1338.30]  Or you can do what most people do and just copy their Gmail password around onto various boxes and have it connect that way.
+[1338.38 --> 1340.26]  I mean, what's the worst that can happen?
+[1340.58 --> 1342.06]  Yeah, when you're working from your home.
+[1342.18 --> 1344.62]  But, you know, what happens when you're working in a data center?
+[1345.12 --> 1346.64]  You're probably going to get that blocked.
+[1346.92 --> 1347.74]  Probably, yeah.
+[1347.74 --> 1350.76]  So I have an app pick for you that might tickle your fancy.
+[1350.90 --> 1352.10]  This one's called MailRise.
+[1352.28 --> 1355.44]  And this is an SMTP gateway for notifications.
+[1355.80 --> 1359.40]  Essentially, it plugs into an app we've mentioned before called AppRise.
+[1359.86 --> 1367.70]  So this MailRise application kind of sits in the middle, listening for emails, you know, syslog emails, whatever it might be.
+[1367.78 --> 1370.40]  Failures coming in from various different system services.
+[1370.92 --> 1376.22]  And when it receives the email, it reacts to that and then connects to AppRise.
+[1376.22 --> 1382.06]  So you can talk to any of the 60 plus notification services that AppRise supports.
+[1382.30 --> 1385.68]  So, you know, Telegram, Slack, Discord, you name it.
+[1386.44 --> 1397.36]  For those of you who are new to the show or possibly missed that episode, AppRise is a great tool that allows you to send notifications to almost all the most popular notification services today.
+[1397.86 --> 1403.06]  Think Telegram, Discord, Slack, you know, Reddit for those people who are really cool.
+[1403.18 --> 1405.68]  You know, it's a one notification library to rule them all.
+[1406.22 --> 1413.46]  And what's great is, is the tool MailRise, as Alex said, sits in front of that and is an SMTP gateway.
+[1413.88 --> 1419.80]  So there's a lot of applications that really don't have the ability to have that newer feature.
+[1420.52 --> 1425.68]  And MailRise gives you that by allowing you to send emails to the SMTP gateway and then you can send it off.
+[1425.68 --> 1434.86]  So when your laundry is done, you can send an email and post it on Reddit to let everybody know I now have clean clothes.
+[1435.64 --> 1436.60]  Hooray for that.
+[1436.92 --> 1438.40]  And that, you know, we live in the future.
+[1438.76 --> 1442.90]  We can monitor Morgan's laundry schedule via Reddit.
+[1442.90 --> 1451.04]  And speaking of the cloud, CloudFree.shop has some exciting news this week.
+[1451.26 --> 1454.58]  They have released their version 2 smart plugs.
+[1454.70 --> 1455.46]  So these are really cool.
+[1455.56 --> 1457.56]  They've got energy monitoring built right in.
+[1458.16 --> 1461.10]  And of course, they run TASMOTOR out of the box.
+[1461.10 --> 1467.36]  And, you know, the best thing about the company, it's a small family owned business run by one of our very own listeners.
+[1467.60 --> 1472.26]  Now you can go to CloudFree.shop and use the coupon code self-hosted so that they know that we sent you.
+[1472.82 --> 1475.72]  And you also get a dollar off per plug as well.
+[1476.08 --> 1479.16]  So that's CloudFree.shop with the coupon code self-hosted.
+[1479.16 --> 1481.98]  Mike writes to us,
+[1481.98 --> 1483.72]  Hey guys, love the show.
+[1484.12 --> 1485.82]  I'm a longtime Linux user and administrator.
+[1486.26 --> 1489.46]  But I have to admit, I've fallen a little behind on the whole container craze.
+[1489.86 --> 1490.86]  That's understandable, Mike.
+[1491.36 --> 1492.96]  I'm very comfortable with VMs.
+[1493.22 --> 1494.84]  They always made logical sense to me.
+[1495.30 --> 1501.40]  You have a virtual disk image, probably something with some metadata in it, and you get to run as a full-fledged system.
+[1501.96 --> 1507.98]  Something about the whole Docker runs X and it just magically happens without specifying any parameters
+[1507.98 --> 1509.46]  just struck me as creepy.
+[1510.44 --> 1513.82]  Regardless, I've used them a little bit inside of Firewall for LAN services,
+[1514.16 --> 1517.08]  but I'm wondering if there are best practices that either of you use.
+[1517.44 --> 1522.42]  For instance, when you're running multiple containers with persistence, where would you put the compose file?
+[1522.84 --> 1525.96]  Do you have any tips for organizing container volumes on CFS?
+[1526.56 --> 1528.72]  I've looked around and I haven't found any good articles.
+[1528.72 --> 1534.54]  Just lots of run Docker compose up and magic happens, which is disconcerting in a production environment to me.
+[1534.54 --> 1538.24]  That's the beautiful thing of Docker is it is just magic.
+[1538.76 --> 1541.44]  And for some people, that's exactly what they need.
+[1541.80 --> 1550.72]  You know, for your average person running an Unraid box or a small Raspberry Pi who's not working in this stuff day-to-day,
+[1550.72 --> 1556.82]  being able to do Docker run Plex or whatever it is without having to juggle half a dozen Bash scripts
+[1556.82 --> 1560.12]  and eight different versions of Java and all this kind of crap.
+[1561.10 --> 1563.62]  That's exactly where Docker is going to win.
+[1564.28 --> 1571.80]  Also, developers, if they're trying to do multiple different versions of an application development lifecycle all at once.
+[1571.80 --> 1578.70]  You know, I've got three different builds and I'm trying to figure out which one is causing my production systems to go down.
+[1579.36 --> 1584.18]  It's very easy to isolate and roll back a container that way because it's a declarative build.
+[1585.84 --> 1595.12]  But I understand there are some more old school people around that don't like that approach because it is a little more opaque than you've been used to.
+[1595.12 --> 1605.86]  However, I would say the reason it appears opaque is because perhaps you haven't quite taken the amount of time you need to to look into where that container originated from.
+[1607.52 --> 1614.74]  And sometimes you can go and look at the Docker file in the open source community and see basically a Docker file is like a recipe.
+[1615.08 --> 1617.88]  It's a glorified Bash script, essentially.
+[1618.74 --> 1624.06]  And say apt install this package, create this user, install this particular library.
+[1624.06 --> 1628.66]  And on the whole, those containers work pretty well.
+[1629.30 --> 1636.32]  And this is a problem that used to exist that I haven't seen really be a problem for quite some time now.
+[1636.86 --> 1641.34]  Is a lot of containers used to get uploaded to Docker Hub without a Docker file.
+[1641.52 --> 1645.62]  So you had to just trust that they weren't going to run a crypto miner on you or something like that.
+[1645.70 --> 1648.00]  And that problem largely seems to have gone away.
+[1649.00 --> 1651.20]  There are lots of different places you can go.
+[1651.32 --> 1652.84]  Linux server.io is one of them.
+[1652.84 --> 1657.34]  You can go to obviously Docker's website as well for some documentation there.
+[1657.90 --> 1660.66]  I'm going to say something that's probably not going to be popular.
+[1661.14 --> 1664.12]  But I don't think containers are solution for everything.
+[1665.60 --> 1669.64]  And it's Alex and I know containers are what puts roof over our heads.
+[1670.00 --> 1674.28]  And I will honestly tell you again, I don't think containers are the solution for everything.
+[1674.28 --> 1681.26]  You don't always need to build a server and install Docker or Podman and run a container on it.
+[1681.60 --> 1687.80]  Sometimes you can just install the Debian, the dev files or the RPM files and configure it yourself.
+[1687.80 --> 1694.76]  However, what containers do is it makes it easier to install services that work together.
+[1695.30 --> 1703.60]  You know, if you have a service that goes out and queries, it does a search for a file, injects that download file into the download service.
+[1703.86 --> 1705.80]  The download service then downloads the file.
+[1705.80 --> 1710.18]  Another service grabs the file, reads the metadata, processes it.
+[1710.58 --> 1711.90]  That's going to be really difficult.
+[1712.56 --> 1716.02]  How do we know that all three of those services require the same version of LibC?
+[1716.42 --> 1721.54]  How do we know that they require a specific version of Go, et cetera, et cetera?
+[1721.86 --> 1725.74]  You don't want to run into the situation where you're constantly looking at dependencies.
+[1725.94 --> 1727.24]  And that's what containers do.
+[1727.24 --> 1735.06]  So if you're doing a standalone box or standalone application, yeah, you know, doing the FAD install is perfectly fine.
+[1735.36 --> 1742.38]  But whenever you want to make sure that everything's going to work together and they're not going to butt heads, that's the real reason why containers were created.
+[1742.94 --> 1754.54]  Now, to answer your question about Docker compose files, the way I do it, and I'm sure Alex does it his way, is if the services need to speak to each other, they're in the same compose file.
+[1754.54 --> 1758.26]  I run 10 or 12 containers on my home lab.
+[1758.74 --> 1763.02]  And if the service does not need to talk to each other, it gets its own compose.
+[1763.60 --> 1764.98]  That's the way that I've always done it.
+[1765.36 --> 1771.74]  There's no reason for me to do a Docker compose up with AdGuard in the same exact compose as Plex.
+[1772.22 --> 1773.40]  They don't need to talk to each other.
+[1773.54 --> 1775.12]  They don't need to be on the same Docker network.
+[1775.36 --> 1777.36]  They can live in different Docker compose files.
+[1778.16 --> 1782.06]  I once had a colleague tell me that Docker was a solution looking for a problem.
+[1782.06 --> 1793.86]  Back then, this was like six years ago, I got really hot and steamy under the collar about this because Docker was the new hotness and I could see that it was going to solve all the world's problems.
+[1794.74 --> 1798.18]  And with a little bit of hindsight, I think I kind of agree with him in some ways.
+[1798.96 --> 1805.96]  It definitely has its use cases, but there are also places where VMs are probably better.
+[1805.96 --> 1812.74]  Now coming to another part of Mike's question, he asks about tips for organizing container volumes on ZFS.
+[1813.60 --> 1816.14]  I just create a data set per app, Mike.
+[1816.36 --> 1817.26]  It's as simple as that.
+[1817.40 --> 1818.36]  You can set quotas.
+[1818.68 --> 1823.12]  You can do snapshots, you know, using Jim Salter's Sanoid tool.
+[1823.58 --> 1831.18]  I have it set to do, I think, four hours worth of app data snapshots and then keep a daily snapshot and a monthly and an annual snapshot.
+[1831.18 --> 1846.60]  So the only thing to be aware of there is if you're doing something like InfluxDB or some kind of really chatty time series container or database that generates a lot of data, those snapshots will take up a lot of space because of how copy on write works.
+[1846.78 --> 1851.18]  So just make sure you're familiar with that concept before you dive into that one.
+[1852.18 --> 1854.72]  Ivan writes in, do you guys host your own email server?
+[1855.10 --> 1856.46]  And what are your thoughts on this?
+[1857.26 --> 1859.04]  This might be a good idea for the show.
+[1859.04 --> 1863.14]  I can tell you on a personal note, I love Gmail.
+[1863.70 --> 1864.62]  Why do I love Gmail?
+[1865.54 --> 1866.28]  It's easy.
+[1866.80 --> 1867.96]  They read my emails.
+[1868.36 --> 1869.94]  They tell me what I want to buy.
+[1870.36 --> 1873.70]  It works on my phone and they give me a bunch of storage.
+[1874.78 --> 1879.46]  But I can also tell you my private email is for my family only.
+[1880.04 --> 1883.70]  I don't give it out to anybody who isn't related to me by marriage or by blood.
+[1884.58 --> 1887.26]  And I run, therefore, my own email server.
+[1887.26 --> 1888.96]  It's been $5 a month.
+[1889.10 --> 1889.92]  It's on Linode.
+[1890.32 --> 1891.92]  I recommend everybody use it.
+[1893.08 --> 1895.34]  Do you, I want you to contact me for a job offer?
+[1896.10 --> 1896.88]  I have a Gmail.
+[1897.32 --> 1899.08]  Do I want to sign up for FPNL?
+[1899.70 --> 1900.02]  Gmail.
+[1900.58 --> 1903.86]  Do I want to send pictures to my mom, my kids?
+[1904.54 --> 1905.16]  Personal email.
+[1905.16 --> 1907.66]  I know that no one's ever going to get a hold of it.
+[1908.56 --> 1911.30]  I know that I'm not going to have to worry about getting spam.
+[1912.14 --> 1914.96]  Because, again, that's what Gmail is for.
+[1915.20 --> 1916.08]  It's for spam filtering.
+[1916.98 --> 1919.28]  My email that I host is for family only.
+[1919.86 --> 1922.22]  It's for things that I want for me and only my family.
+[1923.04 --> 1925.30]  And I recommend everybody to do the same.
+[1925.64 --> 1927.14]  Again, it's $5 a month.
+[1927.76 --> 1928.92]  Super easy to set up.
+[1928.92 --> 1930.14]  I like Gmail, too.
+[1930.56 --> 1931.52]  It just works.
+[1932.38 --> 1935.08]  So Thomas writes in with networking on his mind.
+[1935.56 --> 1939.10]  I wondered if either of you have touched VLANs on home networks.
+[1939.44 --> 1941.94]  I just got two Netgear Smart PoE switches.
+[1942.08 --> 1944.28]  And I'm thinking about how best to segment my network.
+[1944.70 --> 1947.40]  I've got a NUC with Fedora on it and a Windows laptop.
+[1947.68 --> 1949.78]  I've also got a NAS running some containers.
+[1949.78 --> 1954.74]  And I make use of WireGuard and Plex on there as well.
+[1955.80 --> 1959.62]  I've also got a Wi-Fi network that has a Google Nest and a pair of smart scales.
+[1960.48 --> 1963.28]  Thanks for an interesting show and inspiration for my home network.
+[1963.58 --> 1963.86]  Thomas.
+[1964.56 --> 1968.10]  VLANs and the home network is an interesting topic.
+[1969.12 --> 1973.20]  I think for 90 plus percentage of the world, you don't need them.
+[1974.14 --> 1977.84]  Until you start considering IoT devices and how insecure they are.
+[1977.84 --> 1979.96]  And who can get access to them.
+[1980.86 --> 1987.04]  And the second you have IoT devices that are a huge gaping security hole, you need to segment them.
+[1987.24 --> 1988.36]  And that's where VLANs come in.
+[1988.66 --> 1989.96]  And that's the number one thing I do.
+[1990.58 --> 1993.64]  My Wyze cameras, they're on separate VLAN and SSID.
+[1994.88 --> 2000.96]  My EcoVac Smart Vacuum on its own SSID and its own VLAN.
+[2001.36 --> 2007.32]  Because I want to segment anything on my network that is going to potentially open me up to attack.
+[2008.08 --> 2012.16]  The other reason why I use VLANs is, again, as I mentioned, I have a home lab.
+[2012.64 --> 2013.94]  I have all these services running.
+[2014.36 --> 2017.16]  Sometimes I have multiple THCP that I'm testing, etc.
+[2017.56 --> 2020.42]  I don't want that to conflict with my home network.
+[2020.96 --> 2022.24]  So that's where VLANs come in.
+[2022.92 --> 2024.42]  I use VLANs for DMZ.
+[2024.62 --> 2027.20]  Things that I want to expose outside my network.
+[2027.90 --> 2029.04]  VLANs are really about segmentation.
+[2030.74 --> 2034.12]  Take what you need that needs to talk to each other and put it on its own VLAN.
+[2034.12 --> 2036.70]  And that's the way that you should think about it.
+[2037.34 --> 2041.76]  Somehow I've managed to avoid the temptation of VLANs this whole time.
+[2041.76 --> 2045.00]  Because it requires a bit of extra hardware or a bit more advanced hardware.
+[2045.14 --> 2047.90]  So you've got to have a couple of switches that support VLANs.
+[2048.18 --> 2053.74]  And something to configure them at the router level as well.
+[2054.14 --> 2055.76]  So it's not just a plug and play thing.
+[2055.80 --> 2057.80]  You've got to have a bit more about you to do it.
+[2057.80 --> 2062.82]  And I've just kind of swept that one under the carpet and just opened up a bigger subnet
+[2062.82 --> 2066.30]  and put things in different subnets and just kind of prayed and hoped for the best, really.
+[2067.02 --> 2068.02]  That's been my approach.
+[2069.02 --> 2075.04]  I'm sure that most people who are running home labs, you know, they have Ubiquity, Microtech.
+[2075.76 --> 2078.20]  You know, a lot of the equipment that we already have can do it.
+[2078.66 --> 2079.26]  That's a good point.
+[2079.68 --> 2085.08]  I think the biggest issue is that people look at VLANs and they're a little hesitant
+[2085.08 --> 2087.20]  because they're afraid of what it can do.
+[2087.84 --> 2092.62]  I can definitely tell you I've gotten VLANs wrong and I've made a mess of things.
+[2093.14 --> 2094.46]  But that's what a home lab is for.
+[2094.88 --> 2095.62]  Break some eggs, eh?
+[2096.70 --> 2097.14]  All right.
+[2097.16 --> 2099.18]  Well, thank you very much for joining us this week, Morgan.
+[2099.32 --> 2102.38]  It was a very, very last minute that we had to call upon you.
+[2102.80 --> 2106.12]  Because we generally record the night before the show goes out on the Friday morning.
+[2106.12 --> 2109.50]  So we didn't have much time after Chris's laptop got flooded.
+[2110.22 --> 2114.84]  And also a big thank you to our members over at selfhosted.show.sre.
+[2115.08 --> 2116.74]  You can go over there and support the show.
+[2116.88 --> 2121.72]  And obviously we do appreciate that because it goes straight into the JB coffers to support
+[2121.72 --> 2122.62]  the network directly.
+[2122.62 --> 2125.14]  So we don't have to have as many sponsors on the shows.
+[2125.80 --> 2127.92]  Speaking of which, we have to thank A Cloud Guru.
+[2128.18 --> 2130.56]  And you can find them just about anywhere on social media.
+[2130.72 --> 2135.64]  They are slash A Cloud Guru on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, just about everywhere.
+[2136.64 --> 2140.72]  So for all the different ways to go and get in touch with us, you can go to selfhosted.show
+[2140.72 --> 2143.20]  slash contact is the place to go to get in touch with us.
+[2143.20 --> 2145.42]  And you can find me on Twitter at ironicbadger.
+[2146.10 --> 2148.94]  And I don't have social media because I don't want to be cancelled.
+[2152.14 --> 2156.04]  Oh, well, I know you troll people on Reddit on a regular basis, but you can also find the
+[2156.04 --> 2157.60]  show at selfhosted.show.
+[2158.00 --> 2159.10]  Thanks for listening, everybody.
+[2159.10 --> 2161.74]  That was selfhosted.show slash 48.