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README.md
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---
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license: cc-by-
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task_categories:
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- video-classification
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- text-generation
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modalities:
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- depth
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- infrared
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- thermal
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- imu
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- radar
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- skeleton
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- human-activity-recognition
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- multimodal
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- sensor-data
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pretty_name: CUHK-S
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size_categories:
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---
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---
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license: cc-by-4.0
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task_categories:
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- video-classification
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- text-generation
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- human-activity-recognition
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- multimodal
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- sensor-data
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- privacy-preserving
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- IMU
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- depth
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- infrared
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- thermal
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- skeleton
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- radar
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- mmwave
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- HAR
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pretty_name: "CUHK-S"
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size_categories:
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- 100K<n<1M
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---
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# CUHK-S: A Privacy-Preserving Multimodal Dataset for Human Action Recognition
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[](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2512.07136)
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[](https://siyang-jiang.github.io/CUHK-X/)
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## Dataset Description
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CUHK-S is a **privacy-preserving subset** of the [CUHK-X](https://siyang-jiang.github.io/CUHK-X/) dataset, a large-scale multimodal benchmark for Human Action Recognition (HAR), Understanding (HAU), and Reasoning (HARn). CUHK-X was accepted at **MobiSys 2026**.
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Compared to the full CUHK-X dataset, CUHK-S:
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- **Removes all RGB video** to prevent facial identification
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- **Downscales** all visual modalities to 320 × 240
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- **Selects 18 out of 30** participants while preserving full action coverage (40 categories)
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## Dataset Summary
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-------------------|------------------------------------------------|
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| Participants | 18 (selected from 30 in CUHK-X) |
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| Action Categories | 40 |
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| Modalities | 6 (Depth, IR, Thermal, IMU, Radar, Skeleton) |
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| Visual Resolution | 320 × 240 |
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| Total Size | ~146 GB (18 zip files, one per participant) |
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## Modalities
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| Modality | Format | Description |
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|------------|-------------|-------------------------------------------------|
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| Depth | PNG (color) | Colorized depth maps from Vzense NYX 650 |
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| IR | PNG | Infrared images, robust to lighting changes |
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| Thermal | PNG | Heat signature from thermal camera |
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| IMU | CSV | 5-sensor accelerometer/gyroscope/magnetometer |
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| Radar | Binary | mmWave radar point cloud (TI Radar) |
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| Skeleton | JSON/CSV | 3D joint positions from pose estimation |
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> **Note**: RGB video is intentionally excluded from CUHK-S to protect participant privacy.
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## Dataset Structure
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Each participant's data is packaged as a zip file: `CUHK-S_userN-userN.zip`
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```
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CUHK-S/
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├── HAR/ # Human Action Recognition (per-action organized)
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│ ├── data/
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│ │ ├── depth_color/
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│ │ ├── ir/
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│ │ ├── thermal/
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│ │ ├── imu/
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│ │ ├── radar/
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│ │ └── skeleton/
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│ └── GT/ # Ground truth annotations
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├── HARn/ # Human Action Reasoning (per-modality organized)
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│ ├── data/
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│ └── GT/
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├── HAU/ # Human Action Understanding (per-modality organized)
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│ ├── data/
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│ └── GT/
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└── source_data/ # Raw source data
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├── data/
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└── GT/
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```
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- **HAR**: Singular well-defined actions for traditional classification tasks
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- **HAU**: Sequential actions for temporal and contextual understanding
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- **HARn**: Sequential actions for next-action reasoning and prediction
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- **source_data**: Raw unprocessed sensor data
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## IMU Sensor Layout
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Five IMU sensors are placed on the body:
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| Sensor | Position | Channels (per sensor) |
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|--------|------------|-------------------------------------------|
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| WTLA | Left Arm | Acc(X/Y/Z), Gyro(X/Y/Z), Mag(X/Y/Z) |
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| WTC | Chest | Acc(X/Y/Z), Gyro(X/Y/Z), Mag(X/Y/Z) |
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| WTRA | Right Arm | Acc(X/Y/Z), Gyro(X/Y/Z), Mag(X/Y/Z) |
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| WTRL | Right Leg | Acc(X/Y/Z), Gyro(X/Y/Z), Mag(X/Y/Z) |
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| WTLL | Left Leg | Acc(X/Y/Z), Gyro(X/Y/Z), Mag(X/Y/Z) |
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## Benchmarks & Tasks
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| Task | Type | Metrics |
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|-------------------------|-----------------|----------------------------------|
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| Action Recognition | Classification | Accuracy, F1, Precision, Recall |
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| Action Selection | Multiple Choice | Accuracy |
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| Action Captioning | Generation | BLEU, METEOR |
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| Emotion Analysis | Classification | Accuracy |
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| Sequential Reordering | Ordering | Accuracy |
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| Next Action Reasoning | Reasoning | Accuracy |
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## Citation
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If you use CUHK-S in your research, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{jiang2026cuhkx,
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title={CUHK-X: A Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset and Benchmark for Human Action Recognition, Understanding and Reasoning},
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author={Jiang, Siyang and others},
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booktitle={Proceedings of ACM MobiSys},
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year={2026}
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}
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```
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## Ethics & Privacy
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We obtained approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) to conduct this study and collect data from human subjects.
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**Privacy measures in CUHK-S:**
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- No RGB video is included to prevent facial identification
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- All visual modalities are downscaled to 320 × 240
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- Participants are identified only by numeric IDs (e.g., user1, user2)
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- No personally identifiable information is linked to individual records
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- IMU, Radar, and Skeleton modalities do not capture visual appearance
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## License
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Code is released under the MIT License. The dataset is available for non-commercial research under a Data Use Agreement (DUA) and is not redistributable. Our derived annotations/splits are released under CC BY 4.0.
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**Note**: This dataset is designed for research and educational purposes. Please ensure compliance with your institution's ethics guidelines when using human activity data.
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## Contact
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- **Email**: syjiang [AT] ie.cuhk.edu.hk
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- **Project Page**: [https://siyang-jiang.github.io/CUHK-X/](https://siyang-jiang.github.io/CUHK-X/)
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- **Lab**: [CUHK AIoT Lab](https://aiot.ie.cuhk.edu.hk)
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