New observations confirm that a magnetar has a solid surface and no atmosphere
Leave a Comment / Science / By admin2
Can a star have a solid surface? It may sound counterintuitive. But human intuition is a response to our evolution on earth, where up is up, down is down and there are three states of matter. Intuition fails when faced with the cosmos.
Magnetars are dead stars with intense magnetic fields, the most intense known. They are a type of neutron star, the stellar remnants of a massive star that exploded as a supernova. Compared to neutron stars, magnetars are not only highly magnetized, but also rotate more slowly. While a magnetar can rotate once or twice every ten seconds, a neutron star can rotate up to ten times per second.
Magnetars are one of those cosmic objects that scientists concluded must have existed long before they found one. They have been invoked to explain the existence of transient gamma-ray sources called soft gamma repeaters (SGRs). The hypothesis is that a magnetar's intense magnetic field, as it slowly decays, emits gamma rays and X-rays. It takes about 10,000 years for the field to decay. We now know of at least 31 magnetars, and researchers calculate that there are about 30 million inactive magnetars in the Milky Way.
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Magnetars emit powerful X-rays and are subject to erratic bursts of activity. A magnetar's explosions and flares can emit in a single second what our sun takes a year to emit. According to scientists, the extreme magnetic fields, which can be up to a thousand times stronger than the magnetic fields around neutron stars, are responsible for this behavior.
According to a new study, one of these magnetars has a solid surface and no atmosphere. It's called 4U 0142+61 and is about 13,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Cassiopeia. The study is called "Polarized X-rays from a Magnetar" and was published in the journal Science. The main author is Dr. Roberto Taverna from the University of Padova (Padua), Italy.
"The star's gas has reached an inflection point and is solidifying, much like water might become ice. This is due to the star's incredibly strong magnetic field."
Co-lead author Professor Silvia Zane, UCL, member of the IXPE science team.
A spacecraft launched in December 2021 made this study possible. The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a joint mission between the Italian Space Agency and NASA. As the name suggests, the spacecraft observes the polarization of X-rays. Exotic objects like black holes, pulsars, neutron stars, and magnetars all have extreme environments that polarize X-rays. IXPE can observe these X-rays and provide insights into the objects and their surroundings. Understanding the exotic, strong magnetic fields around magnetars is one of IXPE's stated goals.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carries NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) spacecraft onboard from Launch Complex 39A Thursday, December 9, 2021 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The IXPE spacecraft is the first satellite dedicated specifically to measuring the polarization of X-rays from a variety of cosmic sources such as black holes and neutron stars. Launch occurred at 1 a.m. EST. Credit: NASA/Joel Kowsky
As this study shows, it pays off.
This study is the first time scientists have observed polarized X-rays from a magnetar. IXPE observed the magnetar for a total of 840 kiloseconds (about 233 hours) in January and February 2022. What did these observations show?
First a bit about polarized light.
Most of the light we encounter is not polarized. This means that the light "vibrates" in multiple planes as it travels, traveling outward in multiple directions. Sunlight, electric light, and a candle flame all emit non-polarized light.
Polarized light is light that oscillates in only one plane. Chances are you've worn polarized sunglasses before. They reduce glare by filtering out light that vibrates at other levels and only allowing focused light to reach your eyes.
Because light, including X-rays, is electromagnetic energy, extremely strong magnetic fields around magnetars can polarize light. By measuring the degree of polarity, scientists can draw conclusions about the magnetic fields and the objects generating them. This is at the heart of IXPE's mission and at the heart of this study. IXPE has three identical X-ray polarimetry imaging systems that work independently of each other for redundancy reasons. IXPE creates polarization maps that show the structure of the magnetic fields around objects like magnetars.
An artist's rendering of the IXPE spacecraft. Photo credit: HEASARC (High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Center.)
As the one-sentence summary of the paper says: "The IXPE observation of 4U 0142+61 provides the very first
Measuring the polarized emission of a magnetar in X-rays."
The researchers found a much lower proportion of polarized light than would have been the case if the X-rays had passed through an atmosphere. An atmosphere around the magnetar would act like a filter, letting only one polarization state of light through.
The team also found that the wobble, or polarization angle, rotated exactly 90 degrees at higher energies compared to lower energies. Theoretical models of magnetars state that a solid surface surrounded by magnetic fields can produce these observations.
"The most exciting feature we have observed is the change in polarization direction with energy, with the polarization angle swinging by exactly 90 degrees," said lead author Taverna. "This agrees with the predictions of theoretical models and confirms that magnetars are indeed endowed with ultra-strong magnetic fields."
A diagram of the IXPE spacecraft. Photo credit: From NASA – https://wwwastro.msfc.nasa.gov/ixpe/for_scientists/presentations/20170601_huntsville.pdf, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=62263364
"This was totally unexpected," said co-lead author Professor Silvia Zane (UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory) and member of the IXPE science team. "I was convinced that there would be an atmosphere. The star's gas has reached an inflection point and is solidifying, much like water might turn to ice. This is due to the star's incredibly strong magnetic field."
"But like water, temperature is also a factor — a hotter gas requires a stronger magnetic field to solidify," Zane added. "A next step is to observe hotter neutron stars with a similar magnetic field to study how the interplay of temperature and magnetic field affects the properties of the star's surface."
Quantum theory plays a role in these findings. It predicts that when light propagates in a highly magnetized environment, it will become polarized in two directions: parallel to the magnetic field lines and perpendicular to them. By observing both the polarity of the light and the amount of light, scientists can understand the structure of the magnetic field itself, which imprints on the light and the physical state of matter in the region of the magnetar. According to the study, this is the only way to get this information.
Magnetars can have complex magnetic fields, and IXPE is a powerful tool for observing them. IXPE creates polarization maps of objects like magnetars, which is the only way to reveal their structure. This image is an artist's impression of a magnetar with a very complicated magnetic field inside and a simple small dipole field outside. Credits: ESA – Author: Christophe Carreau
Professor Roberto Turolla from the University of Padova is another co-author of the paper. In a press release, Turolla said, "The polarization at low energies tells us that the magnetic field is likely so strong that it turns the atmosphere around the star into a solid or liquid, a phenomenon known as magnetic condensation."
The theory also predicts that this solid surface is made up of ions held together in a lattice by magnetic fields. Instead of being spherical like other atoms, these would be elongated due to the strong magnetic force.
Scientists are still debating whether or not magnetars and other neutron stars can have atmospheres at all. There is a lot of mystery surrounding these extreme objects and their perplexing nature. But at least we know of a magnetar that has no atmosphere, or at least where a solid crust is a reasonable explanation.
But the explanation needs further investigation, the authors say.
"It's also worth noting that including quantum electrodynamic effects, as we did in our theoretical modeling, yields results that are compatible with the IXPE observation," said co-author Professor Jeremy Heyl from the University of British Columbia. "Nevertheless, we are also investigating alternative models to explain the IXPE data, for which suitable numerical simulations are still lacking."
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The technical signals Chris Kimble spotted ahead of the market crash
01 Jun 2020, 23:35 GMT
Traders and investors who describe COVID-19 as a black swan event should have looked to the technical indicators in their charts, according to veteran technical analyst Chris Kimble, who believes that the virus was foreseeable. He noticed early on that stock markets were on the road to a major downturn, as signals from the deteriorating performance of the banking sector made it evident.
"A lot of people talked about the decline as a black swan and I beg to differ. Hollywood made three large budget movies about a virus or pandemic … so that shouldn't have been a surprise," he told Opto Sessions.
In addition, the banking sector had started suggesting a cautionary message of negative divergence in January 2018.
"When you divide the banking index in the States, which is BKX [KBW Nasdaq Bank Index] divided by SPX [S&P Banks Select Industry Index], it is hard to believe that the ratio is now below the Financial Crisis 2009 lows. Ever since the banks started showing relative weakness, the S&P has made a whopping 3% in 28 months," Kimble said.
"But when you start looking at broader indices, the New York Stock Exchange is down 10%, small-caps and mid-caps are down 15% and banks are down 40%. It's been almost a bipolar market. I love the adage that I heard years ago — so goes banks, so goes the broader markets."
Kimble said he started sharing the banking negative divergence with his clients more than two years ago.
Listen to the full episode here:
Looking to history for clues of a rebound
Following the market plunge, Kimble also used his skills in studying historical technical analysis to predict when a rally would take hold.
"There have been four 50% declines or greater in the US stock market over the last 100 years. In the last three — 1973 to 1974, 2000 to 2003 and 2007 to 2009 — counter-trend rallies all started in the first week of spring. They lasted eight weeks from the low," he explained.
"We went to our customers in the first week of spring and said we believe that if history is to repeat that we should see a strong rally going forward, it should last eight weeks. The thing I find fascinating is that the rally started on 23 March, eight weeks later is this week [commencing 18 May]."
Kimble said that from looking at repeats in historical patterns, the rally was expected. As to what happens next, he pointed to the last three times that the first major counter-trend rallies were at eight weeks.
"That's when the largest portions of the bear markets followed over the next couple of years. We're essentially there right now. When you look at the chart of the Nasdaq 100 and divide that by the Nasdaq Composite Index, the ratio has been heading higher for 18 years," he stated.
"It's moved up since the 2002 low, which essentially reflects that a few stocks are powering the tech rally. The generals are moving forward but the troops aren't participating to the same degree. We have to sit back and remain open-minded that there is a possibility that the Nasdaq could be double-topping 20 years later. In March and April, the ratio of index divided by the Nasdaq Composite Index created back-to-back large bearish reversal patterns exactly at the 2000 highs."
But the charts can also raise hopes. As of April, the Thomson Reuters Equal Weighted Commodity Index is trading at the exact same levels as its 2009 lows. Kimble has noticed that this is creating a bullish reversal pattern for the index, as it nears its 1980 high. However, if commodities collapse and the index were to take out the 2009 low, there could be further trouble.
"Being an optimist, I hope this pattern is suggesting that the darkest of times for commodities [is over]," Kimble considered. "I would love for the world to start witnessing some higher commodity prices because maybe it means that the worst is behind us."
To listen to more of our Opto Sessions episodes, visit our YouTube channel.
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Home NEWS&EVENTS The Introduction of the Gravel Production Line
The Introduction of the Gravel Production Line
1. The Process of the Gravel Production Line
First of all, stone is primarily crushed with the coarse crushing machine like the PE jaw crusher. Then, the crushed stone is sent into the fine crusher like the PEX jaw crusher with the belt conveyor to conduct the further crushing process. The fine crushed gravel is sent into the vibrating screen, which is separated into two kinds of gravel. The gravel whose particle size can meet the feeding size of the sand making machine is sent into the sand maker to make sand while the other gravel is sent back to the PEX jaw crusher to be crushed again. Some of the gravel can be made into sand with the sand making machine and it can be made into the final product if it has been washed by the sand washer, which is alternative. The other gravel should be crushed again with the sand maker to make the sand which can meet different requirements.
2. The Property of the Sand Production Line
The sand production line has many advantages, such as high automation, low running cost, simple operation, high crushing ratio, big output, less pollution. Besides, it can save more than 20% of the energy and the final product produced by this production line can meet the national standard in the sand used in construction, which has even particle size, nice particle shape, and reasonable grading.
3. The Features of the Sand Production Line
a. The particle of the final product is cubic, which has excellent quality and less needle-like or flaky particles. The final product is of high compression bearing capacity, which can meet the requirement in high-standard construction, such as water conservancy, bridge, super highway, high-rise buildings, and other industries.
b. This production line can be applied to crush many kinds of materials, such as granite, basalt, pebble, cement clinker, quartz, and so on. It can replace the traditional sand making equipment which can only be used to crush soft rock, whose compression strength is less than 150Mpa.
c. The senior engineers of our company are trying to customize the production line with the scientific selection of the equipment for our clients, in order to guarantee that the machines selected for your production line are not out-dated for 3 to 5 years.
d. In this production line, the mud content and powder content of the final product can be controlled.


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Get Coldwater
Chief Theater
Timberwolf Cafe and Inn
The people in Comanche County is what draws us to the area. Everyone is very nice and want to get to know you. The lake...
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Get Rural Kansas Home Page | Coldwater Home Page | Explorations
Coldwater Explorations
Learn more about Coldwater by following the links below:
ArchitectureArt
Address: 122 E. Main Street
Coldwater, KS 67029
Second Telephone Number: 620.582.2737
Email Address: ccedf@giantcomm.net
A visit to Coldwater must include a ticket to the "Chief". Movies show every Friday, Saturday and Sunday evenings at 7:00 pm. Theater is also available for live performances and other events. Call 620.582.2705 for weekly events and movie titles.
The Chief Theater was completely renovated in 2004, adding a new concession area, handicapped accessible restrooms, new dressing rooms, sound system and theatrical lighting. No detail was overlooked when restoring the Indian motif.
From the beautiful original tin ceiling to the smallest detail of the Indian art the Chief demonstrates the uniqueness of Coldwater. The Chief Theater stage will accommodate local productions, lectures and other live entertainment.
Now on the Kansas and National Registry of Historic Places, the Chief Theater has continued to serve the community for over 80 years. From its humble beginnings, boasting a "ladies rest room" and Art Deco interior, to the addition of the Native American motif painted by Don Nicholas in 1947, to the recent renovations, the Chief Theater remains a popular weekend stop for first run movies and all sorts of community events and lectures for the community and explorers alike.
Call Debbie for upcoming movie titles and event scheduling 620.582.2737.
239 E. Main
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Noble Pie Parlor to host viewing parties for Guy Fieri episode
Johnathan L. Wright
Noble Pie Parlor is hosting two viewing parties to celebrate its appearance on "Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives," the hit Food Network show starring food personality Guy Fieri.
The parties begin at 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Oct. 4 at Noble Pie's Midtown Reno location, 777 S. Center St., entrance on Cheney Street. Those times are also the local start times for the Food Network broadcast.
The episode featuring Noble Pie, "Pizza Plus," is the 14th episode of the show's 30th season. The pizzeria will offer specials for the parties.
As posted on the Reno Foodies Facebook group, Yosh's Unique Deli of South Reno is appearing on "Unique Eats," the Oct. 18 episode of "Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives."
You care about what you put in your mouth. So keep current on food and drink news through alerts, unlimited access to content and more with a Reno Gazette Journal digital subscription.
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Johnathan L. Wright is the food and drink editor of RGJ Media, part of the USA Today Network. Join @RGJTaste on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.


CX DAILY
CX Daily: The Stakes are Raised in China's New Big Data Clampdown
In depth /
China's big-data clampdown leaves online lenders in a bind
China's most recent clampdown on the big-data industry for its role in collecting personal information for use in shady debt collection may sound familiar to those intimate with two years of intermittent crackdowns. But authorities are now raising the stakes.
For one, authorities have come down much harder on the industry this time around, investigating executives and founders rather than simply probing lower-level employees. Companies had also grown sophisticated, using methods such as abusing app permissions on phones to extract contacts for risk management analysis or telemarketing.
China's 2017 Cybersecurity Law should have reined in collection practices in the burgeoning big-data industry, but recent investigations, including our own, show that data-driven "financial risk managers" such as Tongdun Technology Co. Ltd., a darling of the financial industry, have millions of pieces of data from unscrupulous sources.
Check out our feature.
Rixs Creek open cut coal mine in New South Wales, Australia, on Nov. 23, 2016. Photo: VCG
Energy / Australia
China to extend unofficial restrictions on Australian coal, analysts say
While there had been hopes in Canberra that the unofficial quota on Australian coal exports to China would be rolled back shortly, analysts and traders in China said this week they expected the restrictions to remain into next year.
Coal analysts also said there was evidence of intensifying curbs on imported coal, with the major southern Chinese ports of Guangzhou and Fuzhou banning the commodity this week. Both ports recorded a strong increase in imports this year, and Beijing may be seeking to moderate such a spike to protect domestic supply.
Trade war /
China won't force tech transfers, trade representative says
One of China's top commerce officials says the country will "neither explicitly nor implicitly" force foreign companies to transfer technologies when doing business in China, Reuters reports.
The comments by Vice Minister of Commerce Wang Shouwen at a Tuesday press conference address a major bone of contention in the ongoing trade war between China and the U.S., though it's a position Beijing has long held.
Debt /
China wants new public-private partnership rules
China will speed up introducing rules for public-private partnerships (PPPs) to clarify criteria for implicit debts, a senior Finance Ministry official said Tuesday.
The relationship between PPP projects and implicit debts has become a core problem in the development of the PPP market, Zou Jiayi, vice minister of finance, said at a PPP development and financing forum. In addition to PPP rules, Zou also called for updating operating guidelines on PPP projects, performance and risk management, and research on related policies for tax, accounting, and land and asset management in relation to PPP projects.
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Photo: VCG
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Two of China's biggest high-tech names, smartphone-maker Xiaomi and on-demand services platform Meituan Dianping, are finally available to stock buyers on the Chinese mainland.
On Saturday, the pair was officially included in a stock connect scheme that makes Hong Kong-traded stocks available to mainland-based investors, according to a statement on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange website. The move comes after operators at the Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Shenzhen bourses agreed in August on conditions permitting mainland traders to buy and sell companies like Xiaomi and Meituan, which have a dual-class share structure that was only recently permitted in Hong Kong.
Nestle to weigh $1 billion sale of local Chinese brands
Nestle SA is weighing options including a sale for two ailing Chinese units after years of attempting to turn them around, people familiar with the matter said.
The food giant has been reviewing its ownership of Hsu Fu Chi, a local confectionery brand, and Yinlu, known for its ready-made Chinese porridge, according to the people. It is seeking more than $1 billion for its controlling stakes in the two companies, sources said. Nestle acquired both companies in 2011 as it sought to tap Chinese demand, but found sluggish growth a few years later.
5G /
German intelligence chief signals distrust of Huawei on 5G
Germany's spy chief said Huawei Technologies "can't fully be trusted," signaling that security hardliners in Chancellor Angela Merkel's government want to keep the Chinese technology giant out of the country's fifth-generation networks.
Bruno Kahl, the president of Germany's Federal Intelligence Service, testified in Berlin Tuesday, saying that "trust in a state company that has a very high level of dependence on the Communist Party and the country's intelligence apparatus is not present." Merkel's government earlier this year ruled out an outright ban on Huawei.
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China's biggest electric-vehicle maker flags massive profit slump
BYD Co. Ltd., China's largest manufacturer of new-energy vehicles (NEVs), has shocked investors with news that its full-year profit could plunge as much as 43% on sluggish sale as the central government continues to phase out generous industry subsidies.
The company, which mainly makes NEVs, forecast 2019 profits of between 1.6 billion yuan ($230 million) and 1.8 billion yuan, down from 2.8 billion yuan last year, in an earnings report filed Tuesday with the Hong Kong and Shenzhen stock exchanges. BYD also reported profit of 119.7 million yuan for the third quarter, down 88.6% YOY.
Soho China plans to exit mainland commercial property market
Soho China Ltd., one of China's largest commercial property companies, is considering selling most of its commercial property on the mainland as part of a plan to switch to overseas investment, according to people familiar with the situation.
One of the transactions, involving two office towers in Beijing and one in Shanghai, is close to the final stage. The buyers are American private equity firm Blackstone Group Inc. and Singapore sovereign wealth fund GIC Private Ltd.
In addition to the three office towers, Soho China also plans to sell five other commercial buildings in Beijing and Shanghai within two years, with a total value of 50 billion to 60 billion yuan ($7.1 million to $8.5 billion), the people said.
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The Palette Pink
Categories: Wallcover PASTELS, Wallcover PINK, Wallcover REDS, Wallcover TERRA
Sometimes wallcovers are very specific, and only work one way. Other times they are more adaptive and can go in different colors to suit as many a wall as possible. It's an efficiency thing. Sometimes working smart is the way to go, especially if the endresult is still up there.
This more abstract wallcover: The Palette comes in 6 variations and is a true D A I S Y J A M E S. Here in Pink but, as said, also available in 5 other colours.
The Palette Lime Green
Sometimes wallcovers are very specific, and only work one way. Other times they are more adaptive and can go in different colors to suit as many a wall as possible. It's an efficiency thing. Sometimes working smart is the way to go, especially if the endresult is still up there. This more abstract wallcover: The Palette comes in 6 variations and is a true D A I S Y J A M E S. Here in Lime Green but, as said, also available in 5 other colours.
The Palette Ochre
Sometimes wallcovers are very specific, and only work one way. Other times they are more adaptive and can go in different colors to suit as many a wall as possible. It's an efficiency thing. Sometimes working smart is the way to go, especially if the endresult is still up there. This more abstract wallcover: The Palette comes in 6 variations and is a true D A I S Y J A M E S. Here in Ochre but, as said, also available in 5 other colours.
The Palette Green
Sometimes wallcovers are very specific, and only work one way. Other times they are more adaptive and can go in different colors to suit as many a wall as possible. It's an efficiency thing. Sometimes working smart is the way to go, especially if the endresult is still up there. This more abstract wallcover: The Palette comes in 6 variations and is a true D A I S Y J A M E S. Here in Green but, as said, also available in 5 other colours.
The Palette Orange Red
Sometimes wallcovers are very specific, and only work one way. Other times they are more adaptive and can go in different colors to suit as many a wall as possible. It's an efficiency thing. Sometimes working smart is the way to go, especially if the endresult is still up there. This more abstract wallcover: The Palette comes in 6 variations and is a true D A I S Y J A M E S. Here in Orange/red but, as said, also available in 5 other colours.
The Palette Blue
Sometimes wallcovers are very specific, and only work one way. Other times they are more adaptive and can go in different colors to suit as many a wall as possible. It's an efficiency thing. Sometimes working smart is the way to go, especially if the endresult is still up there. This more abstract wallcover: The Palette comes in 6 variations and is a true D A I S Y J A M E S. Here in Blue but, as said, also available in 5 other colours.


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ABOUT US | ABOUT PSYCHOANALYSIS | ACCREDITING ORGANIZATION | BY-LAWS | HISTORY
Training in psychoanalysis, approved by The American Psychoanalytic Association, has been available to residents of the Houston-Galveston area since 1964. Until 1974, however, it was necessary for candidates in this area to travel to New Orleans for most classes and at least some of their supervisory experience. Founded in 1974 as a geographical extension of the New Orleans Psychoanalytic Institute, the Houston-Galveston Psychoanalytic School embarked on a full curriculum in psychoanalysis. The program was developed with the assistance and guidance of the faculty of the New Orleans Psychoanalytic Institute. In the Spring of 1976, the school applied to The American Psychoanalytic Association for approval as a provisional institute. This approval was granted by the national organization in May 1976. At the May 1979 annual meeting of The American Psychoanalytic Association the program was accorded full status as The Houston-Galveston Psychoanalytic Institute. As of July 1979 a Certificate of Approval was granted by the Texas Workforce Commission.
In September 1994 the two-year psychotherapy training program with adults begun. A child/adolescent psychodynamic psychotherapy training program was begun in September 1999. The Center enjoys a close working relationship with the departments of psychiatry of the three local medical schools — Baylor College of Medicine (Houston) and The University of Texas Health Science Center in Galveston and in Houston — as well as those in Austin and in San Antonio.
In 2011, the Houston-Galveston Psychoanalytic Institute was renamed the Center for Psychoanalytic Studies.
The Center for Psychoanalytic Studies
900 Lovett Blvd., Houston, TX 77006
Email: info@cfps-tx.org


Customer engagement and marketing
TV debate proposed to take Seven Families project 'to next level'
The Income Protection Task Force (IPTF) is proposing two new areas for the industry to consider supporting that would provide a 'strong follow-up' to the first Seven Families (7F) project.
ronanmccaughey
These ideas would bridge the gap between 7F1 and 7F2, with discussions around what 7F2 might look like kicking off in the summer ahead of a proposed launch next year.
The two suggestions on the table are a filmed TV style debate with an audience and expert panel, debating all the key issues and made available to both advisers and the public in a range of formats.
The IPTF has also proposed this would be supported by a brand new IPTF website, which would in time become the home of all things income protection for both consumers and advisers.
Insurers and reinsurers are invited to submit their feedback on the IPTF's proposals.
Peter Le Beau, co-chairman of UK protection insurance consultancy, Protection Review, said: "We believe a high-quality television style debate, covering all the key consumer issues in a familiar format, to be used across a range of media, would provide a powerful follow-up to the first Seven Families project.
"Added to this we also aim to produce the 'go- to' resource for consumers and advisers alike for all things income protection, via a much more effective new website.
"We anticipate that when it is built the site will host all IPTF communications, hold technical information for advisers and the public, exhibit case studies, news and market developments and all the details of the Seven Families projects."
Le Beau added that the IPTF sees this as a necessary and effective bridge between 7F1, which has ended, and 7F2, which could take place in 2018. "We would suggest that discussions on what 7F2 might look like should commence in the summer."
IFA Roy McLoughlin commented: "During the last two years we have been travelling the country talking to advisers about 7F and there is no doubt that their thirst for knowledge is alive and well. It is vital that we continue with this message as advisers are the crucial conduit in raising awareness with the general public, particularly against the backdrop raised in the recent green paper.
"We need ongoing support from insurers and re-insurers – as many as possible – to continue to build on the work already done. The endorsement and backing from these institutions is recognised and respected by the advisory community."
For all the latest insight, news and data on the global life and health insurance and reinsurance markets, visit www.lifeinsuranceinternational.com
Music, Film, & TV Scorecard - Thematic Research
Music, Film, and TV Sector Scorecard Q1 2021 Update - Thematic Research
FinTrack: October 2019
UK Household Insurance: Distribution & Marketing 2018
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Discovering a new Belfast
Europe, Izzy's Travel Tips, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, weekend breaks
When people talk about Belfast, it's not often as a travel destination. It's as a city caught in the crossfire of a civil war. The site of The Troubles. A city plagued by ongoing social and political disputes. And yet, while its tumultuous past is hard to ignore, it's safe to say that times have changed.
I've visited Belfast a lot over the years; many of my closest friends are from Northern Ireland and I've had plenty of blinding weekends visiting the city…some that I can remember better than others… It's got an edge to it and an indisputable grittiness, but that's part of its charm. It's a wee place with a lot of heart and a colourful gait. If recent statistics are anything to go by, that charm is beginning to prove pretty infectious. Tourism growth is at an all time high, with many travelers choosing to add the city to their itinerary when flocking to the nearby Giant's Causeway or heading up on a day trip from Dublin. Northern Ireland has also proved popular with hit TV show Game of Thrones fans, as many of the series' iconic scenes were filmed in and around the Belfast area. Such is the increasing popularity amongst travellers that Visit Belfast pledged last year to support the tourism boom with an investment of 122 million pounds. A kickstarter like this is sure to see Belfast skyrocket to being one of the most popular cities to visit in Europe.
This is an exciting dawn for Belfast, and the perfect time to visit if you're looking for a buzzing new destination to add to your European ticklist. Here's five reasons why the city might just win you over:
Colourful though it may be, Belfast has a fascinating history. Did you know that it's been occupied since the Bronze Age? You can still visit The Giant's Ring, a 5000 year old structure, just outside the city centre. During the 1800s, Belfast was one of Europe's largest ports, and during the Industrial Revolution became the biggest linen producer in the world. Today, it is still an active harbour, and home to ship building yard, Harland and Wolff (better known, perhaps, for building The Titanic). Towards the later part for the 20th Century, the city earned a darker reputation for its part in The Troubles – a 30 year conflict where many acts of violence were carried between opposing Republican and Unionist paramilitary groups. Though there has been sporadic attacks, the city has been considered safe since the late nineties, and there is a very clear and focused effort on peace throughout Belfast's residents. Today, the city is awash with historical sites, museums and landmarks, all worth delving into.
The Ulster Museum is a great place to start. The museum tells the story of the people of Northern Ireland, from earliest times to the present day. It's packed with impressive galleries and interactive discovery zones, and also linked to the fab Ulster Folk & Transport Museum . Better still, they're both free!
Another must-see museum is the Titanic Belfast. From the iconic yellow H & W cranes which greet you upon arrival to the strikingly modern building which dominates Titanic Quarter, it's hard to imagine visiting Belfast without acknowledging its connection to one of the world's worst maritime disasters. The Titanic Belfast is a visitor centre and museum which tells the story of the ill-fated RMS Titanic, which sank during her maiden voyage to America in 1912. Through interactive exhibition rooms and activities, the museum runs you through the history of the ship, from its construction and departure to the journey itself, its sinking and the aftermath. It's a sobering experience but jam-packed with information, and the recreations will have (almost) wishing you'd been born a century earlier to see the real thing in the flesh!
The impressive Titanic Belfast
Fancy delving into Belfast's political past? One of the best ways to get an insight into the city's conflict is to visit the murals scattered across its buildings and pathways. Over the years, these murals have become symbols of times of division, but also attempts to restore peace and order to the local community. Many stand in memory of people killed during the Troubles; others a warning to future governments and ideologies. You won't have to wander far into the heart of the city to see the murals for yourself, but if you fancy having a little local insight to keep you right, you might want to consider taking a taxi tour with Belfast Mural Tours. Their informative 1.5 hour tours will take you past some of the best known examples of street art in the city, as well as past the famous Peace Wall, and the guides will share the stories behind the artwork. For information and booking, visit their website here.
You can also delve further into Belfast's troubled years by visiting the Crumlin Road Gaol. Known locally as "The Crum", this Victorian-era working prison was operational for 150 years before finally closing doors in 1996. During operation, it housed 25,000 of the city's most dangerous criminals and political troublemakers. It was also the site of 17 executions. Today, it is open to the public and offers daily and evening tours, as well as some rather eerie ghost tours that'll be sure to send a shiver or two up your spine. You can find out more about the history of the jail and the tours on offer here.
Crumlin Road Gaol
Northern Ireland is blessed with a beautiful landscape, from rugged coastlines to rolling stretches of forest and tumbling hills. As a 'wee' country, Belfast is an excellent place to base yourself if you're looking for a gateway to the great outdoors as you'll never be too far away from areas of stunning natural beauty.
Many people visiting Belfast will be aware that it's only a short drive (1 hr and 20 minutes to be exact!) to the Giant's Causeway. This amazing collection of interlocking basalt columns is a beautiful sight to behold and shrouded in mystery. Geologists will tell you that the baffling landscape is the result of a volcanic eruption; locals will argue that it was the pathway carved by giant Finn McCool on his way to tackle a Scottish nemesis. Either way, it's pretty spectacular, and well worth a day trip from the city.
You can read about my trip to the Giant's Causeway here.
Equally close are the gorgeous Mourne Mountains, which make up the highest mountain range in Northern Ireland. Start from the lovely seaside town of Newcastle and make your way up "The Brandy Pad", a route once travelled by smugglers heaving prohibited booze into their base in the hills. Take in the views from the top. They speak for themselves.
The misty Mournes
The Nightlife
Never one to be outdone, Belfast is quite happy to take on the challenge of tackling southern cousin Dublin's reputation as the place to head if you're looking for some craic. Having had several nights out there myself, I can safely say that when it comes to great bars, the city does not disappoint. Whether you're looking for swanky cocktails or traditional boozers, the city has a real buzz to it at night, particularly if you happen to be a fan of live (and often impromptu) folk music.
Here's a selection of some of my faves:
The Perch Rooftop Bar, Franklin Street
With its 1920s vibes, jazz sessions and zingy cocktails, there's a lot to love about The Perch. It's slightly mad, with its Alice in Wonderland-esque style, but the rooftop bar is absolutely the place to be when the sun is shining or if you're looking to take in the view beneath the twinkling fairy lights.
The John Hewitt Bar, Donegal Street
This quaint wee boozer has been going since the nineties and has a real emphasis on promoting local music, with regular gig nights and a weekly talent show. There's a literary vibe to the place (if the name didn't give it away), and an immediate likability to the fact that there's not a telly to site, and that all beers behind the bar come straight from Northern Ireland.
Cuckoo, Lisburn Road
A hipster's dream, serving the obligatory jam jar cocktails amidst colourful booths, ping pong tables and oversized plants.
The Dirty Onion, Hill Street
Housed in one of Belfast's oldest buildings, The Dirty Onion is a characterful pub with regular live music, a cracking beer garden and a rotisserie chicken restaurant upstairs.
The Merchant Hotel, Skipper Street
If you're looking for five star opulance, it doesn't come much better than The Merchant Hotel. The bar ain't exactly cheap, but it's the place to go if you're looking for luxury cocktails, whiskies or ales. Treats don't come much better.
The Merchant Bar
The Shopping
With markets, glitzy malls and independent boutiques popping up left, right and centre, Belfast is worth visiting for the shopping opportunities alone.
With its gorgeous glass dome, The Victoria Square Centre is home to big name high street and designer stores, and could quite easily take you a whole day to get around if you're needing to get your clothes fix, while Castle Court offers an excellent range of stores too.
Meanwhile St George's Market has been on the go since the 1600s, supplying Belfasters with locally made food and drink every Friday, Saturday and Sunday afternoons.
There's also a thriving network of thrift stores if you tend to veer more towards vintage fare. Yellow Submarine, Viva Retro and Fresh Garbage are all great places to top up on togs, while Young Savage has a decent collection of vinyls to browse.
As if that wasn't enough, every December the city plays host to some of Europe's finest Christmas markets. With the gorgeous City Hall as a backdrop, it's hard to imagine a nicer setting for a wee winter weekend break.
The Film & TV Connections
With low location costs, stunning natural scenery and towns which have changed little over the years, Northern Ireland has proved pretty popular as a film location over recent years. From Holywood Rom-Coms like P.S. I Love You and Leap Year to political dramas like Bloody Sunday and musical masterpiece, The Commitments, Belfast has made its mark as a stomping ground for film and TV types.
Perhaps best known, however, is Northern Ireland's connection to HBO crowd-pleaser Game of Thrones. Over the last ten years, the show has filmed over multiple Irish locations, many of which are within easy reaching distance of Belfast city centre. Fancy delving into the land of Westeros? Check out Game of Thrones Tours, who offer various trips around some of the series' better known film locations, including Winterfell, the Iron Islands and the Tollymore forest. Just remember to watch out for those pesky Whitewalkers…
Tollymore Forest
This is a new time for Belfast and there's a lot to love about the city. Have you been before? What would you add to your list of things to discover?
BelfastEurope
What to do with a weekend in Newcastle
The Magic of Hoy
10 reasons why Naples might just surprise you
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330-736-1116 alliancehistory@yahoo.com
History of Alliance
Alliance's Heritage
Hartzell Home
Who Was Mabel?
Work Begins on Connector Trail
by hist-ad-min | Apr 30, 2019 | Uncategorized | 0 comments
On April 29, 2019, Stark Parks held a ceremony at Rodman Public Library to celebrate the beginning of the 1.74 mile connector trail that will join the Iron Horse Trail to the south with the Mahoning Valley Trail to the north. Construction of the trail will follow the former New York Central train route from the Broadway Street viaduct behind the Library, grading up to East Oxford Street, behind the University of Mount Union housing, and then through the University campus. When completed later this year, the total length of the trail will be 9.5 miles and run from Deer Creek Reservoir south through the City of Alliance to its southern terminus at Cenfield Street.
Representatives from the City of Alliance, Stark Parks, Rodman Public Library, and University of Mount Union were on hand to pose for the ceremonial shovel photo after each organization addressed the crowd.
For more information and trail maps, visit https://starkparks.com/partnerships-pave-the-way-for-iron-horse-trail-extensions/
Historical tidbits
Great Olive Poisoning of 1919 – Part 14
Copyright 2019 – Alliance Historical Society


Helston Cornwall
Historical places and writing
Historical photographs
Units and statistics
Helston, Cornwall
Click on the map for other historical maps of this place
In 1887, John Bartholomew's Gazetteer of the British Isles described Helston like this:
Helston, mun. bor. and township, Wendron par., Cornwall, on river Hel, 1 mile N. of Loo Pool, 10 miles SW. of Falmouth, and 318 SW. of London - mun. bor. and township, 309 ac., pop. 3432; P.O., T.O., 3 Banks; owes its importance to the productiveness of the copper and tin mines in the vicinity, most of which, however, are now worked out and deserted. The bor. returned 1 member to Parliament until 1885.
Helston through time
Helston is now part of Kerrier district. Click here for graphs and data of how Kerrier has changed over two centuries. For statistics about Helston itself, go to Units and Statistics.
GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, History of Helston, in Kerrier and Cornwall | Map and description, A Vision of Britain through Time.
URL: http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/54
Not where you were looking for?
Click here for more detailed advice on finding places within A Vision of Britain through Time , and maybe some references to other places called " Helston ".
To buy historical maps of Helston, click here!


'It's extremely dangerous': Doctors..
'It's extremely dangerous': Doctors slam Pete Evans latest health advice
Dr Brad McKayPete Evans
Celebrity chef, Pete Evans is in hot water again for spruiking a bogus energy device claiming to treat coronavirus.
Pete is no stranger to controversy, in the past he has been critisised heavily for peddling a paleo cookbook for babies, supporting anti-vaxxers, ridiculing the use of sunscreen, and being anti-wifi.
This week the My Kitchen Rules star featured in a live online video promoting a US$14,990 (AU$23,605.61) energy device that has a recipe for 'Wuhan coronavirus' treatment.
This guy just doesn't get it. Pete Evans is trying to sell a $15,000 fancy light machine to vulnerable and frightened people to protect them against #COVID_19.
He is not a doctor.
He is not a scientist.
He is a chef. pic.twitter.com/q6nWb3EojB
— AMA Media (@ama_media) April 10, 2020
Sydney GP, Brad McKay tells Ben Fordham there's a lot of sciency sounding words used on the device's website, but based on nothing that's actually tangible when it comes to your health.
"When proper scientists are working really hard to find a vaccine and to find a cure for the virus, this is sort of slapping everybody in the face.
"To say that you can gather around… basically, what looks like an electric heater… and tune it to a certain frequency, that it's going to protect you from getting coronavirus, it's extremely dangerous for that to happen.
"What will it take to shut Pete Evans up, and to shut down these bizarre claims that he has regarding people's health?"
Image: Facebook / Chef Pete Evans


Garrett v. International Ins. Co.
Treadeau v. Wausau Contractors
" Id., 492-493. In interpreting subsection 8, MCL 418.827(8); MSA 17.237(827)(8), which grants carriers…
Staffney v. Fireman's Fund Ins Co.
Such an argument has been rebuffed by this Court on two occasions. Shwary v Cranetrol Corp, 88 Mich. App.…
4 Citing Cases
Full title:GARRETT v INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY
Court:Michigan Court of Appeals
Date published: Apr 5, 1976
242 N.W.2d 798 (Mich. Ct. App. 1976)
242 N.W.2d 798
Michigan Court of Appeals
Decided April 5, 1976.
Appeal from Wayne, Roland L. Olzark, J. Submitted March 11, 1976, at Detroit. (Docket No. 23076.) Decided April 5, 1976.
Complaint by Elizabeth Garrett, administratrix of the estate of Ira Garrett, deceased, against International Insurance Company for damages resulting from a death caused by an industrial accident. Summary judgment for defendant. Plaintiff appeals. Affirmed.
Rifkin, Schultz Kingsley, for plaintiff.
Before: M.F. CAVANAGH, P.J., and R.B. BURNS and QUINN, JJ.
R.B. BURNS, J.
Plaintiff appeals from a summary judgment on behalf of defendant, the workmen's compensation carrier for plaintiff's decedent's employer. The death resulted from an industrial accident for which plaintiff alleges that defendant should be responsible because of negligent inspection of the employer's premises.
Defendant's motion for summary judgment was based upon MCLA 418.827(8); MSA 17.237(827)(8), a section added to the Workmen's Compensation Act by 1972 PA 285, reading as follows:
"The furnishing of, or failure to furnish, safety inspections or safety advisory services incident to providing workmen's compensation insurance, or pursuant to a contract providing for safety inspections or safety advisory services between the employer and a self-insurance service organization or a union shall not subject the insurer, self-insurance organization or the accident fund, or their agents or employees, or the union, its members or the members of its safety committee, to third party liability for damages for injury, death or loss resulting therefrom."
Plaintiff brings a three-pronged constitutional attack on the statute; the questions raised are of first impression in this state.
Plaintiff first contends that the statute constitutes a violation of equal protection by discriminatorily prohibiting an action against compensation carriers while allowing actions against other third party tortfeasors. Apparently realizing that this legislative classification is not "inherently suspect" such that a "strict scrutiny" standard of judicial review would be applied, plaintiff urges that the statute fails to satisfy the "traditional" or "rational basis" test of equal protection. As stated in People v Harper, 1 Mich. App. 480, 483; 136 N.W.2d 768, 769 (1965), quoting from Gauthier v Campbell, Wyant Cannon Foundry Co, 360 Mich. 510, 514; 104 N.W.2d 182, 184 (1960):
"`"The standards of classification are:
"`"`1. The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not take from the State the power to classify in the adoption of police laws, but admits of the exercise of a wide scope of discretion in that regard, and avoids what is done only when it is without any reasonable basis and therefore is purely arbitrary. 2. A classification having some reasonable basis does not offend against that clause merely because it is not made with mathematical nicety or because in practice it results in some inequality. 3. When the classification in such a law is called in question, if any state of facts reasonably can be conceived that would sustain it, the existence of that state of facts at the time the law was enacted must be assumed. 4. One who assails the classification in such a law must carry the burden of showing that it does not rest upon any reasonable basis, but is essentially arbitrary.' Citing cases."'"
We think it clear that this statute does not constitute a denial of equal protection. A rational basis for the classification can be readily hypothesized: the Legislature granted immunity to the carriers in order to encourage safety inspections.
Plaintiff next contends that the grant of immunity to the compensation carrier is in direct violation of public policy. The Legislature has determined otherwise. We defer to the Legislature as more competent to determine the public policy.
Plaintiff last claims a violation of Const 1963, art IV, § 24, for failure of this amendatory section to fall within the expressed object of the larger act. The title of the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1969, MCLA 418.101, et seq.; MSA 17.237(101) et seq., reads as follows: "An act to revise and consolidate the laws relating to workmen's compensation; and to repeal certain acts and parts of acts". The title of the previous Workmen's Compensation Act, MCLA 411.1 et seq.; MSA 17.141 et seq., read in relevant part:
"An act to promote the welfare of the people of this state, relating to the liability of employers for injury or death sustained by their employees, providing compensation for disability or death resulting from occupational injuries or disease or accidental injury to or death of employees and methods for the payment, and apportionment of the same * * *."
The title expressly refers to "the liability of employers". The 1969 act proceeds in "revising and consolidating" to limit an employee's remedies against his employer to the act, and to define "employer" to include "insurer". MCLA 418.131; MSA 17.237(131). We find that the Legislature's grant of immunity to a compensation carrier is clearly within the expressed purpose of the Workmen's Compensation Act.
We find the statute to be constitutional as against the challenges brought herein.
Affirmed. Costs to defendant.


Hackers damage German steel mill while accessing production networks
Germany's steel mill damaged as hackers gain total control of production networks
Federal Office for Information Security (BSI), has revealed in their latest report about a rare instance of a cyber attack being used to cause serious physical damage. The report stated that a steel factory in Germany suffered massive losses after the attackers managed to get access into the network systems during a successful cyber attack.
The attackers gained access to the network connected to the production line of the factory. Once they got access, they used the authority to tamper with the factory's furnace. The attack used spear phishing and sophisticated social engineering techniques to gain access to the factory's office networks, from which access to production networks was gained.
Spear phishing involves the use of email that appears to come from within an organization and is normally addressed to the upper echelons of a company to get access to important credentials. After the system was compromised, individual components or even entire systems started to fail frequently. Due to these failures and due to the fact that the network control was in hands of the hackers, the mill floor managers could not shut of the furnace. The furnace overheated and cause major damage to the entire plant.
The BSI described the attacker to be very skillful in the technical details, as such skill would have been needed to carry out the hack. The attack involved the compromise of a variety of different internal systems and industrial components, BSI said, noting that not only was there evidence of a strong knowledge of IT security but also extended know-how of the industrial control and production process.
Reminiscent of Stuxnet
The nature of this attack made many experts compare it to Stuxnet – the first dangerous cyber weapon in known history. Stuxnet was allegedly developed by the United states in collaboration with Israel with the goal of taking down the nuclear program of Iran. Stuxnet contained vast espionage and sabotage functionalities that were used to destroy up to 1,000 uranium enrichment centrifuges at a nuclear plant near the city of Natanz in Iran. Stuxnet not only succeeded in its motive but also set the Iran's nuclear ambitions back by at least five years and brought the once rebel country to the negotiating table with the major powers of the world.
Though damaging the German steel mill may not rate as high as damaging centrifuges in a Iranian nuclear farm, the capability and the reach of cyber attacks is well demonstrated from the damages and loss it caused.
Resource : BSI


Online graduate wanted prestige, flexibility of ASU
Mary Beth Faller
After dropping out of college, Scott Lau knew he needed to earn a degree, and he was drawn to Arizona State University not only because of the flexibility but also the prestige.
Lau, who lives in Sacramento, is earning a bachelor's of science degree in urban planning from ASU Online, and has worked full time while taking classes.
"ASU Online has a lot of credibility," he said. "When I dropped out of college, I knew I wanted to have some kind of impact on my community, and ASU Online gave me a chance to redeem myself."
Lau had attended two University of California schools, for a year each, until he realized he wasn't interested in engineering.
So he got a job working as a technician at Folsom State Prison, where he dealt directly with maximum-security prisoners. He was considering a career in law enforcement when a botched road reconstruction project in his city made him think about urban planning. And he realized the ASU Online program would work perfectly.
"I suffer from insomnia and so I get up at 3 a.m. and watch a lecture or do homework," said Lau, who's 25.
"I've gotten so much insight into human nature and psychology and how the environment affects people's happiness."
Lau and his parents will travel to the ASU campus for the first time to attend graduation, which he's dedicated to his grandmother, who died two months ago.
"She came from China and without her, I wouldn't have this chance at an education."
He answered some questions from ASU Now:
Question: What's something you learned while at ASU — in the classroom or otherwise — that surprised you, that changed your perspective?
Answer: The environment that you chose to be in is a determinant in how happy you are as a person. My major in urban planning has emphasized creating, arranging and designing structures in a way that relieves stress and promotes the quality of life amongst others.
It made me realize that the buildings around me were not arranged or built by accident, but due to the hard work of a planner or architect. It changed my perspective, that there is a science to it that gives us a feeling of safety and pleasantness based on the look and design of a building, green space available, and accessibility. The level of comfort that you are in depends on the environment or place you put yourself in.
Q: Why did you choose ASU?
A: ASU is a world-renowned university. It is a Pac-12 school and is known everywhere for both athletics and academics. It gives me pride and motivation to excel as a student for a school that participates in sports and is often broadcast nationally. In other words, ASU gives me bragging rights. My choice in choosing ASU Online vs. other online schools is the prestige that ASU has.
Question: What's the best piece of advice you'd give to those still in school?
A: Aspire to inspire before your time expires. Our time in college is limited. Do something that is worthwhile and will get your name remembered. Pat Tillman is remembered all over campus for doing something very remarkable. Look at the impact and things that we are doing now in his name. What can you do that is remarkable and can be famed about? Get out there!
Q: What is your favorite spot to study and think about life?
A: My favorite place to study, meet with friends or ponder the direction that my life is headed to would be my backyard patio. It offers ample sunshine and features a garden of exotic plants with a fish pond. It gives me a nature side of my day and I think about how easy or hard it is to be a fish, or a flower or a bird. Then I switch back to reality and think about the things I need to accomplish.
Q: If someone gave you $40 million to solve one problem on our planet, what would you tackle?
A: I would focus on the mosquito population control. Mosquitos are not only a nuisance to us, but they also carry a wide range of diseases that are incurable and damaging to the health. Zika virus, the virus that causes pregnant women to give birth to babies with smaller heads/brains, is carried and spread through mosquitos. With the $40 million dollars, I'd invest in mosquito electric zapper lamps and put them in places where mosquitos are in need to control. Electric zappers are the most effective bug killers without the chemicals that could harm others or the environment.


In this section: Masters
Module information
Geographical Information Science MSc
MA or MSc by Research
geo-tpg-enq@leeds.ac.uk
The School of Geography is globally renowned for the quality of its research, and the funding it attracts, meaning we're able to invest in world-class facilities and academic staff who are actively engaged in cutting-edge research. Our academics are internationally renowned and working at the top of their fields – at the forefront of knowledge and thinking.
36th in the world for Geography, QS World University Rankings by Subject 2019
20th in the UK for Geography and Environmental Studies, Guardian University Guide 2020
11th in the UK for Geography and Environmental Sciences, Complete University Guide 2020
6th in the UK for Geology, Complete University Guide 2020
42nd in the world for Geography, ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2019
86% overall student satisfaction for physical geographical sciences and human geography, National Student Survey 2019.
98% of our recent graduates are employed or in further study within six months of graduating, Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education survey 2016-17
University awards
The University of Leeds is among the top 100 universities, QS World University Rankings 2020
We achieved a Gold rating in the Teaching Excellence Framework the highest award possible
The University of Leeds was named University of the Year in 2017 by The Times and The Sunday Times' Good University Guide
Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014
Every six years, the UK's four higher education funding bodies undertake an exercise to measure the quality of research undertaken by UK higher education institutions (HEIs). The funding bodies use the outcomes to inform the allocation of their research funding to HEIs. The Research Excellence Framework was the framework used in 2014.
Unit of assessment: Geography, Environmental Studies and Archaeology
3.07 overall research quality profile
5th in the UK for research power
100% of our research environment is conducive to producing research of 'world-leading' or 'internationally excellent' quality
Over 70% of our research has either 'outstanding' or 'very considerable' impact
Over 75% of our research is 'world-leading' or 'internationally excellent'
Over 70% of our research outputs are 'world-leading' or 'internationally excellent'


Letter 18 (AB 26)
of 1676-10-09
to Henry Oldenburg
Letter (AB 46)
to Christiaan Huygens
Resources: Philosophical Transactions
The table is sortable by Year, Author, and Title.
1787 Maty, P. H. A General Index to the Philosophical Transactions, from the first to the end of the seventieth volume
1722 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Epistola Viri Doctissimi Johannis Hoogvlietii ad Jacobum Jurin, M. D. R. S. Secr. de Epistolis Duabus Posthumis Viri Celeberrimi Antonij a Leeuwenhoek, R. S. S.
1722 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Observations upon a Foetus, and the Parts of Generation of a Sheep. In a Letter to the Royal Society, from Mr. Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. Translated from the Dutch by Dr. Sprengell, F. R. S.
1722 Leeuwenhoek, A. van De Globulis in Sanguine & in Vini Faecibus. Epistola Posthuma Domini Antonij a Leeuwenhoek, Societatis Regiae Londinensis, Dum Viveret, Sodalis Dignissimi, ad Jacobum Jurin, R. S. Secr.
1722 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Observations upon the Callus of the Hands and Feet, by the Same Curious Gentleman. Translated by John Chamberlayne, Esq
1722 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Ejusdem Viri Clarissimi ad Eundem Epistola Posthuma. De Generatione Animalium, & de Palpitatione Diaphragmatis
1722 Leeuwenhoek, A. van De Particulis & Structura Adamantum. Epistola Domini Antonii Leeuwenhoek, R. S. Soc. ad Jacobum Jurin, M. D. R S. Secret
1722 Leeuwenhoek, A. van De Globulorum Sanguineorum Magnitudine, &c. ex Epistola D. Antonii a Leuwenhoek ad Jacobum Jurin, M. D. R. S. Secr.
1722 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr. Leeuwenhoeck, F. R. S. concerning the Muscular Fibres in Several Animals, and the Magnetick Quality Acquired by Iron, upon Standing for a Long Time in the Same Posture
1722 Leeuwenhoek, A. van De Structura Diaphragmatis. Epistola Domini Antonii van Leeuwenhoek, R. S. S. ad Societatem Regiam
1722 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter to the Royal Society concerning the Particles of Fat. By Mr. Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. Translated from the Dutch by John Chamberlayne, Esq
1720 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Observations upon the Vessels in Several Sorts of Wood, and upon the Muscular Fibres of Different Animals. By the Same Curious and Inquisitive Person
1720 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Observations on the Muscular Fibres of Fish. By Mr. Leeuwenhoeck, F. R. S.
1720 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Observations upon the Seeds of Plants. By the Same. Translated by John Chamberlayne, Esq;
1720 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Epistola Domini Antonij van Leeuwenhoek, R. S. S. de Osculis, Sive Spiraculis Foliorum Buxi, Item de Lanugine Malorum Persicorum & Cydoniorum
1720 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Observations upon the Bones and the Periosteum, in a Letter to the Royal Society, from Mr. Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1720 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Observations upon the Membranes Enclosing the Fasciculi of Fibres, into Which a Muscle is Divided. By Mr. Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. Translated by Dr. Sprengell, F. R. S.
1714 Leeuwenhoek, A. van An Extract of a Letter from Mr. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoeck, F. R. S. Dated October the 12th. 1713. Concerning the Fibres of the Muscles, &c.
1712 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr. Anthouy Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. containing Some Further Microscopical Observations on the Animalcula Found Upon Duckweed, &c.
1710 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Some Microscopical Observations upon Muscles, and the Manner of Their Production. In a Letter from Mr. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1710 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. Containing Some Microscopical Observations upon the Chrystalized Particles of Silver Dissolved in Aqua Fortis
1710 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Part of a Letter from Mr. Anthony van Leeuwenhock, F. R. S. to Mr. James Petiver, F. R. S. Containing Some Microscopical Observations upon the Animalcula in Semine of Young Rams
1710 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Additional Observations upon the Production of Mites, &c. In a Letter from Mr. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1710 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr Anthony van Leeuwenhock, F. R. S. Containing His Observations upon the Seminal Vessels, Muscular Fibres, and Blood of Whales
1710 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Some Remarks upon the Disposition of the Parts, and Microscopical Observations upon the Contexture of the Skin of Elephants. In a Letter from Mr. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Microscopical Observations on the Palates of Oxen, &c. By Mr. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Microscopical Observations on the Blood Vessels and Membranes of the Intestines. In a Letter to the Royal Society from Mr. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr. Ant. Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. Containing His Observations upon the Hair Mentioned in the Foregoing Letter, &c.
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Microscopical Observations upon the Tongue; In a Letter to the Royal Society from Mr. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr. Anth. Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. Containing Some Microscopical Observations on the Particles of Chrystalliz'd Sugar, &c. and His Manner of Observing the Circulation of the Blood in an Eel
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Microscopical Observations on Red Coral: In a Letter to the Royal Society from Mr. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Microscopical Observations upon the Configuration of Diamonds: In a Letter from Mr. Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. Containing His Observations upon the White Matter on the Tongues of Feverish Persons, &c.
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr. Antony Van Leeuenhoek, F. R. S. to John Chamberlayne, Esq; F. R. S. Containing His Observations upon the Edge of Razors, &c.
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from. Mr. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. concerning the Circulation of the Blood in Fishes, &c.
1708 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Second Letter from Mr. Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. to John Chamberlayne, Esq; F. R. S. upon the Same Subject as the Former
1706 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Microscopical Observations on the Seeds of Several East-India Plants, by Mr Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1706 Leeuwenhoek, A. van An Extract of a Letter to His Excellency Signior Francisco Cornaro, Ambassador from the Republick of Venice, to the Queen of Great Britain etc. By Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek, F.R.S. Containing Microscopical Observations of the Salts of Pearls, ...
1706 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Microscopical Observations on the Structure of the Spleen, and the Proboscis of Fleas. By Mr Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1706 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Part of a Letter Written to Signior Antonio Magliabechi, by Mr Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. concerning the Particles of Silver Dissolved in Aqua Fortis, etc.
1706 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Microscopical Observations on the Cortex Peruvianus: By Mr. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1706 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter to the Royal Society, from Mr. Anthony Van Leeuwenkoek, F. R. S. concerning the Whiteness on the Tongue in Fevers, etc.
1704 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Observations on Staining the Fingers with a Solution of Silver in Aqua Fortis, etc. in a Letter from Mr Anthony Van Leuwenhoek, F. R. S.
1704 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. concerning the Flesh of Whales, Crystalinc Humour of the Eye of Whales, Fish, and Other Creatures, and of the Use of the Eye-Lids
1704 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. concerning the Barks of Trees
1704 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, concerning the Tubes or Canals That Convey the Yellow Sap in the Herb Called Chelidonium Majus, or Celandine, etc.
1704 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Part of a Letter from Mr Anthony van Leuwenhoek, concerning Worms Observ'd in Sheeps Livers and Pasture Grounds
1704 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Part of a Letter from Mr Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. to John Chamberlayne, Esq; F. R. S. concerning the Vitrifyed Salts of Calcin'd Hay
1704 Leeuwenhoek, A. van A Letter from Mr Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. to John Chamberlain, Esq; S. R. S. concerning Tobacco Ashes
1704 Leeuwenhoek, A. van Part of a Letter from Mr Anthony van Leuwenhoek, F. R. S. Giving His Observations on the Late Storm
for finding primary sources and secondary literature
Master list of all resources above
Dou's 1612 Tractaet vant maken ende Gebruycken eens nieu gheordonneerden Mathematischen Instruments
Anhaltin's 1663 School-Boeck van de Wyn-Royeryen
Van der Sterre's 1682 Keyserlijke Snee


Home Uncategorized High expectations for Nigerian cricket with World Cup winner Asanka Gurusinha as...
High expectations for Nigerian cricket with World Cup winner Asanka Gurusinha as head coach
Asanka Gurusinha is just a month old on his job as the Nigeria senior male team cricket coach amidst many expectations from cricket stakeholders.
With his level of pedigree, the Sri Lankan is perceived as the messiah of Nigerian cricket.
Arguably, his appointment is regarded as one of the biggest steps the country has taken towards developing the sport.
But cricket isn't a day-old in Nigeria. The sport has existed in the country for over a century.
In 1905, there was an officially recorded cricket match played in Calabar (in the country's Southern Region) "between a Nigerian selection and crew members of battleship HMS Royal Navy", Yahaya Ukwenya, president of the Nigeria Cricket Federation (NCF) said.
Despite its early acceptance by the country's populace, the sport's fan base and grassroots development prior to this time remained low.
It was only in January 2020, that the country recorded its first ever World Cup appearance following the hard-fighting spirit of the Under-19 male team in South Africa. As underdogs, the team lost out in the group stages of the tournament.
Earlier, in October 2019, the country's senior male team made an unexpected debut at the T20 World Cup qualifier in UAE. This was possible following the suspension of Zimbabwe Cricket Union by the International Cricket Council (ICC) in July of the same year due to government interference in the sport's administration.
Same year, the national women's team made appeared at a World Cup qualifier for the first time in Zimbabwe.
These historic outings are evidence that the country's level of cricket development has improved.
Gurusinha's Unveiling
In a bid to continuously advance and maintain the standard of the national team's performance at the elite level, the NCF felt the services of a foreign coach of international repute was required.
This decision became imperative as Nigeria looks to compete at more international tournaments in the near future and also improve her performance in world cricket rankings.
"Cricket in Nigeria has improved immensely since the inception of this administration," Ukwenya, president of NCF said.
"We have seen our players perform at the highest level of cricket in the world and we believe that the right technical expertise will see the country improve greatly."
Gurusinha, a former Sri Lankan cricketer and coach was unveiled on December 8 at the Moshood Abiola National Stadium, Abuja.
The ICC Level 3 certified coach will oversee the technical bench of the senior male national team as well as head the country's high-performance programme.
He is also expected to develop a national framework for grassroots cricket coaching unique to Nigerian setting and serve as mentor to the indigenous coaches.
Gurusinha is said to have taken up the challenge in Nigeria due to his involvement -as a young cricketer – in the transition process of Sri Lanka from an associate country (which Nigeria currently is) to a Test playing country in 1982 and eventually to World Cup glory in 1996 – a feat Nigeria intends to attain in the near future.
"The experiences from such a career would be useful to a low resource but ambitious country with huge potentials like Nigeria," Ukwenya added
Stakeholders' Expectations
With the 55-year-old at the helm of affairs, the country cannot wait to start winning matches and participating regularly and competitively at international events.
Nigeria is currently ranked 39th in the world in T20 and this is due to her cumulative poor performance over a long period of time but Ukwenya echoes that the right man for the job has been appointed.
"We hope that with Gurusinha's arrival, Nigeria can no longer take a passing interest in World Cricket. We should be able to compete at all levels.
"In no distant future, we want to become a test playing country, go to World Cup, compete on a regular basis and not just make up the numbers.
"It is also our ambition to become one of the top three countries in Africa after South Africa and Zimbabwe as soon as possible and be ranked as one of top 20 T20 countries of the world," the NCF boss said.
The sports administrator, who is also a surgeon, said the 1996 Cricket World Cup winner's appointment would influence the country's developmental structure.
"His presence will greatly impact on our developmental structure as we look to begin our Accelerated Growth Programme. This will be the greatest legacy Gurusinha will leave behind.
"We want him to expose us to the international best practices behind the successes of cricket from his own county Sri Lanka and Australia—having served in the capacity as the Consultant Regional Coach for Cricket Australia.
"We want to have a system and structure that will help us have a continuous line of production of poise players and be able to get the best out of them.
"These are some of the immediate goals we have set for ourselves following Gurusinha's arrival," Ukwenya, who also doubles as the vice chairman of the Africa Cricket Association (ACA) added.
Players' Fitness
In a bid to aid the coach's job and fast-track the achievement of the above targets, the NCF said it was working on hiring the services of a Physical Conditioning and Fitness Trainer.
"Henceforth, fitness is part of the team's training. We hope to become one of the fittest teams in Africa. The best fielding and batting side in the continent.
"Our players should take note and be ready for this," the NCF boss concluded.
The Job Begins
The new coach has hit the ground running with his first assignment of looking at a pool of 36 elite players that were invited from across the country for camping.
The players – grouped into three – had intensive round robin matches between the sides.
The players were later pruned down to 26 as they went into high performance camp.
Gurusinha, who came out on top among 32 others interviewed for the jop, expressed satisfaction with the level of talents seen but quickly identified that there was a lot of work to be done.
"I am very excited to take up this job and I am really looking forward to the best we can achieve with the level of enthusiasm, talent and support that the NCF has."
"The players are talented. It is just getting them ready to compete and into a habit of winning," Gurusinha said.
However, it is the overall goal of the NCF for cricket to be loved by Nigerians from all facets of life. A huge part of achieving this goal relies on the success of Gurusinha's reign.
But, with a recent surge in COVID-19 in Nigeria and across the globe, cricket fans would hope that the situation is curtailed soon so it does not have any negative effect on the development of the sport in the country.
Source: AIPS
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