Brief on Iran (BOI – 293)
by OIAC December 10, 2019
#IranProtests continue
U.S. says Iran "could have murdered over a thousand" citizens during protests
CBS news, December 5, 2019
After receiving 32,000 videos of the recent protests in Iran, the United States said Thursday that the government there has committed "gross human rights violations" that may have left over a thousand citizens dead and thousands more imprisoned since the unrest began in mid-November.
Iran's government has admitted to only a handful of deaths.
"As the truth is trickling out of Iran, it appears the regime could have murdered over a thousand citizens," including at least a dozen children, said Brian Hook, the State Department's special representative for Iran. At least 7,000 protesters have been detained in prison. But, he said, "we cannot be certain because the regime blocks information."
Earlier this week, Amnesty International estimated "at least 208" have been killed in the demonstrations, citing information the group has gathered.
The government has been trying to cover up the unrest, which is the worst the country has seen since 2009 when election results were disputed. During the protests, it shut down the internet nationwide — an unprecedented move that left the outside world largely in the dark. Virtually all foreign media, including CBS News, have been banned from traveling to Iran to cover the protests.
Amid the unrest last month, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo called on the Iranian people to "send us their videos, photos and information documenting the regime's crackdown on protesters" so the U.S. can "expose and sanction the abuses."
Europeans Step Up Pressure on Iran Over Nuclear Violations
France, Britain and Germany will trigger a dispute mechanism if Tehran continues its prohibited moves away from the nuclear deal, diplomats say
WSJ, Dec 6, 2019
VIENNA—European powers will take the first step towards re-imposing international sanctions on Iran in the coming weeks if Tehran further violates the 2015 nuclear deal, diplomats said.
The warning, an escalation of European pressure on Iran, puts the two sides on a collision course. A conflict is likely in early January, when Iran is set to announce fresh steps to breach the deal. Iranian officials say their moves respond to Europe's failure to protect them from the impact of withering sanctions the U.S. imposed after President…
US suspects Iran is behind increasingly sophisticated rocket attacks on US bases in Iraq
CNN, Dec 9, 2019
Washington (CNN)The US government believes that Iran is behind a series of increasingly sophisticated rocket attacks on joint US-Iraq military facilities in Iraq, several US officials tell CNN. The attacks have taken place as the US has grown increasingly concerned that Iran may be planning new provocations against US troops and interests in the region.
The US military strongly believes Iranian-backed groups inside Iraq are responsible according to a US official with direct knowledge of the recent incidents. There have been nine rocket attacks on or in the vicinity of Iraqi facilities that host US troops in the last five weeks with the most recent one taking place on Monday.
"We take these incidents seriously as do our Iraqi Security Forces partners, who are investigating these events. We have made clear that attacks on US. and Coalition personnel and facilities will not be tolerated and we retain the right to defend ourselves. US forces operate in Iraq at the invitation of the government of Iraq to support Iraqi forces against ISIS," Pentagon spokesperson Cdr. Sean Robertson told CNN in a statement.
Secretary of Defense Mark Esper said Saturday that "there have been reports in the public space about rockets being fired at American forces on bases in Iraq."
"So we've seen a little bit of an uptick there. And that's, again, another indicator for us of Iran reaching out," he continued, speaking at an event hosted by the Reagan National Defense Forum in California.
Iranian Regime's Officials Acknowledge the Mass Killings of Protesters
Iran Focus, December 7, 2019
One after another, Iranian officials acknowledge that their security forces shot and killed innocent people during the bloody crackdown on recent protests.
On December 6, 2019 during the Friday prayer in the city of Asalam, north of Iran, Mohammad Javad Bagheri, the imam of Friday prayer and supreme leaders' representative, called the protesters "thugs", confessed that "so many" had been shot and killed in the protests and many of those killed were even "bystanders".
"In the past few weeks you witnessed the chaos and anarchy that was created under the pretext of gasoline price hike, we are still suffering the consequences of that event, see how many people have lost their lives because of that, well, you see, in the midst of fighting no cookies are distributed, there would be shootings and bullets, and even if you are impartial and bystander, but go into the scene, it is possible that one of those bullets hits you, as it was the case with so many people who were killed, many of those who were killed might have been bystanders. Somebody was telling me that while he was hospitalized in a hospital in Tehran there was a nurse who was standing by the window of the room to film the street outside and she was hit by a bullet right in the middle of her forehead." Bagheri said in the Friday prayer.
While the representative of the supreme leader Ali Khamenei, confesses that "so many" bystanders were killed, on Tuesday, December 3, 2019, the regime's officials acknowledged that security forces used firearms to crack down the demonstrations. A report on state television on Tuesday said that some of the protesters killed in the crackdown were "rioters who had attacked sensitive or military centers with firearms," and described how the armed forces had "deftly and vigilantly" fought back against "hostile groups".
Iran cutting off its Internet wasn't a show of strength. It was a sign of panic.
A government's approach to online access says a lot about what it considers most threatening.
The Washington Dec 9, 2019; by Josephine Wolff
Blacking out the Internet has become a popular tactic for governments hoping to quell internal rebellion and protest. In the past year alone, there have been more than 100 shutdowns in 29 countries,
including Zimbabwe, Kazakhstan, Sudan and Ethiopia, according to the digital rights group Access Now. In August, the Indian government shut off Internet and phone service to Kashmir after revoking the region's autonomy. Last month, Iran, too, imposed a blackout after protests erupted over a significant hike in gas prices. The government shut down Internet and wireless data services for five days as it violently quelled demonstrations, killing at least 180 people.
Shutting off the Internet seems drastic. And it is — but not as a means for controlling what information reaches the citizens of the country being disconnected. What happened when Iran pulled the plug is telling: The shutdown appeared to do little to quell the unrest or thwart efforts to coordinate demonstrations, which continued throughout the blackout. Authorities made no attempts to monitor who was saying what to whom, or how, or where people were learning about the protests.
What an Internet blackout really shows is that a government is panicked about how little control it has. It's an act of last resort by officials desperate to keep information away from citizens, or desperate to prevent citizens from telling the world what's happening.
Dissident group claims Iran uprising and crackdown much bigger than reported
By Guy Taylor – The Washington Times –
An international Iranian dissident group says the recent protests in Iran, as well as the government's severe crackdown on demonstrators, have been much wider in scope than initially reported.
While Iranian authorities claim the uprisings were quelled quickly and rights group say about 150 people died, the exiled National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) claimed Tuesday that more than 400 were actually killed during "anti-regime protests" that occurred in "some 176 cities throughout the country."
The group, which says it has a wide network of informants inside Iran, asserted in a report circulated by its offices in Washington Tuesday that demonstrations began with slogans condemning a government hike in fuel prices, but quickly spread into widespread demands for the total overthrow of the ruling regime in Tehran.
"It did not take long," the NCRI report claimed, "for the slogans to morph into calls
for rejection of the regime in its entirety."
"People chanted slogans against the regime's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and President Hassan Rouhani, while attacking centers of suppression, theft and particularly those affiliated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)," the report said. "Many of the buildings were torched and sustained serious damages."
NCRI Deputy Director Alireza Jafarzadeh told The Washington Times in an email that demonstrators were "chanting 'death to Rouhani,' 'death to Khamenei,'" in a manner that "clearly shows the society's rage and explosive state and that the Iranian people demand regime change."
"The recent uprising showed that change is attainable, and the people are ready to pay the price to make it happen," Mr. Jafarzadeh said. "The world must recognize the right of the Iranian people to change the regime and establish a democratic, pluralistic, and non-nuclear republic in Iran." The NCRI report also claimed at least 4,000 protesters were injured and at least 10,000 have been arrested by Iranian authorities.
The assertions by the group, which has long called for regime change in Tehran and is widely seen to have allies in the Trump administration backing the administration's current "maximum pressure campaign" against Iran's government, came a day after Amnesty International said at least 143 people have been killed in a crackdown against on the protests since Nov. 15.
The Associated Press reported that the head of Iran's Revolutionary Guard threatened the U.S. and its allies Monday as he addressed a pro-government demonstration attended by tens of thousands of people denouncing the recent violent protests, which the news agency described as being driven by a fuel price hike.
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Senate policy briefing called for recognition of the alternative to the Iranian regime
Congressional Briefing | Iran Uprising:The Nation Rises for Freedom


Home MMA News Exclusive Interviews EXCLUSIVE | Mike Perry reacts to Felder fight, says 'Cowboy' was offered...
EXCLUSIVE | Mike Perry reacts to Felder fight, says 'Cowboy' was offered the chance to step in
If things had gone according to the original plan, Mike Perry would have stepped into the cage with Yancy Medeiros at UFC 226 on July 7. Regrettably, Medeiros was sidelined with an injury just days out from the fight, which left Perry without an opponent, and the UFC with the frantic task of finding him a new dance partner.
Ultimately, the UFC called on lightweight contender Paul Felder, who recently lost an opponent of his own, to step up and meet Perry at welterweight. For a fleeting moment, however, it looked like Perry might collide with Donald Cerrone on the card — a man he's recently been training with at Jackson's MMA in Albuquerque.
"He was ready, man," Perry said of Cowboy on the latest episode of BJPENN.COM Radio. "They offered it to him, but he happens to be suspended [from his fight with Leon Edwards], and he's got that cut over his eye. I knew the Las Vegas state commission would not allow that with that fresh cut like that. 'Cause I was damn sure gonna go for it."
Although Perry was excited about a possible fight with Cowboy, he's more than happy to fight Felder, too. He reminds that his last fight with a beefed-up lightweight — a September 2017 fight with Alex Reyes — ended in violent fashion.
"He's gonna come swing it out," Perry said of Felder. "We're gonna have a little kickboxing with our fight, in the Octagon. We all know what happened last time I fought a lightweight. I'll take it. I'll take that paycheck."
All that being said, however, the opponent isn't all that important for Mike Perry. As long as there's a warm body on the other side of the cage come fight night, he's happy.
"It doesn't matter who the opponent is, man," he said. "It really doesn't. I'm not inclined to take one person's life more than the next. It's just whoever comes in there to fight me. I gotta cut that pay check. We cashing checks and breaking necks"
This article first appeared on BJPenn.com on 6/29/2018.


Home » indie • interview • new release • rawk » Quilt: A Collective of Individuals
Posted in indie, interview, new release, rawk By Bill Kopp On August 4, 2016
Quilt: A Collective of Individuals
Though the group has released three albums since 2011, Quilt has been together since late 2008. Formed in Boston by Shane Butler and Anna Fox Rochinski – then students at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts – the group grew out of the city's do-it-yourself musical scene. "There was a very free-form DIY network," says Butler. "It was so open that you could play with tons of different kinds of bands all the time."
That wide-open musical approach informed Quilt's own musical aesthetic. "It's not that we were improvisational like a jazz group," Butler emphasizes. "There was no intention behind our music. We just wanted to be a band." They began to write songs, but with no particular style or musical approach in mind. "There was no need to tell ourselves what we were, what we were going to be, or what our songs were going to sound like," he recalls. "We were able to figure that out, half at home and half in front of people."
Butler remarks on the uniqueness of that DIY scene. "There will be nothing like it again," he says, "and I feel very thankful for being around it." The foundation those early days provided allowed Quilt to develop a musical approach that has served them well, as displayed on their third album, Plaza, released earlier this year.
The band's freewheeling approach to music reveals itself in their multiple methods of songwriting. "It's different for every single song," Butler says. "Some songs, one of us will have it completely done before it's brought to the band. Other songs are completely jammed out by the entire band. And some are a mixture, where we'll add parts that someone wrote at home. Sometimes in the studio [a song] turns into a whole 'nother thing. It's always different, and I really like that. It's not just one process."
That fundamentally collaborative mindset may be part of the secret to the band's longevity. Butler believes their approach "fully embrace[s] the nature of each member of the group as a member and as an individual. That's a very, very cool thing," he says. "And I'm happy to be in a band that has that. I've always been attracted to records that have multiple voices and songwriters; I think that's rare."
He notes that in their time together, the band members have become and remained really good friends. "Being together for 7 years now, everyone's become much more talented musicians, and better writers," he believes. "And in a group situation, you acknowledge that and ask yourselves, 'Okay, so how can we honor and use those things?'"
Butler believes that Quilt's touring has helped his own songwriting. "Whether it's the thankfulness you have for being home and appreciating the simple things in life – cooking, seeing friends – or whether it's the literal experience of being somewhere else, I find that touring has a really great effect on the creative process. I find that when you put yourself around different people, places and scenarios, you're going to learn about things that you would have never known. Some are good, some are bad. You take what you will."
Some critics have compared Quilt's sound to "psych revival" bands. So does Quilt aim for a certain style? "We've never had a conversation about that kind of thing," Butler laughs. "I am very, very interested in exploring a lot of different types of music, and I know that the band is as well. I think we're all really interested in songwriting, harmony, and a mixture of electric, electronic and acoustic instruments. Sometimes when you have all of those elements together – especially when you play finger-picked guitar and sing harmonies, it's going to get compared to the 60s vibe. I'm interested in exploring that, but at the same time I don't feel too strong a need to make that sort of music."
Not long ago the band was asked to perform on the late-night TV show Last Call with Carson Daly. Butler was delighted to appear on the show. "In this age, people are getting media from so many different sources," he observes. "There are a lot of people who do not watch TV at all; they just watch things on their computer. And there are people who just watch TV. So Last Call gave us more exposure."
He remarks on the homogeneity of much of the music in today's pop mainstream, adding, "there's nothing wrong with that. But if you're gonna give them that, then please also give them something else. Because while maybe not everybody will like this other kind of music, some would. And some need it. So any chance that we have as artists – and I'm not saying that people need our music – to go on something like Last Call, we should do."
Pittsburgh audiences have earned a special place in the hearts of the musicians in Quilt. The last time the band played locally, it was in the midst of a serious snowstorm. Butler recalls, "we were thinking, 'Nobody's gonna come to the show.' But a bunch of kids came! They drove through the freakin' snow where you could die. And they had a blast. And this does not happen in every city. There's something really special about the dedication of our group of fans in Pittsburgh. And I hope that we see them again."
An edited version of this feature was published previously in Pittsburgh City Paper.
Tags:quilt, shane butler


Coaching Changes to High Performance Team
The Athletic Association today announced coaching changes to the High Performance team. Ricardo Santos, head coach of the High Performance team since February of 2018, has accepted a position as distance running coach at Stanford University, and will begin his new position in September. Morgan Uceny, a 2012 Olympian at 1,500-meters, has been named interim head coach of the High Performance team as the organization begins a search for the next coach.
Under Santos, members of the High Performance team raced to a national title at the USATF 15K championships; earned podium finishes at USATF Championships on the roads and in indoor track; and spots on Team USA rosters for the Pan-American Games and IAAF World Half Marathon Championships.
The Athletic Association today continued its notification to qualified applicants of their acceptance into the 2020 Marathon. In preparation for the 2020 Marathon, implemented the same registration process for qualified runners as used in recent years, allowing the fastest qualifiers to register first. The 124th Marathon will be held on Monday, April 20, 2020.
Marathon Sets All-Time Fundraising Record at $38.7 Million
Open Registration for the 2020 Marathon Has Closed
2020 Marathon Qualifier Acceptances Announced


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Arquivado no curso de Engenharia Elétrica na UNIARA
(Parte 1 de 4)
13840 DOI: 10.1021/la9019475 Langmuir 2009, 25(24), 13840–13851Published on Web 07/02/2009 pubs.acs.org/Langmuir ©2009 American Chemical Society
Gold Nanoparticles: Past, Present, and Future†
Rajesh Sardar,‡ Alison M. Funston,§ Paul Mulvaney,*,§ and Royce W. Murray*,‡
‡Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and §School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
Received June 1, 2009. Revised Manuscript Received June 12, 2009
This perspective reviews recent developments in the synthesis, electrochemistry, and optical properties of gold nanoparticles, with emphasis on papers initiating the developments and with an eye to their consequences. Key aspects of Au nanoparticle synthesis have included the two-phase synthesis of thiolated nanoparticles, the sequestration and reduction of Au salts within dendrimers, the controlled growth of larger particles of well-defined shapes via the seeded approach, and the assembling of a variety of nanoparticle networks and nanostructures. The electrochemistry of thiolated Au nanoparticles is systemized as regions of bulk-continuum voltammetry, voltammetry reflective of quantized double-layer charging, and molecule-like voltammetry reflective of molecular energy gaps. These features are principally determined by the nanoparticle core. Interesting multielectron Au nanoparticle voltammetry is observed when the thiolate ligand shell has been decorated with redox groupings. Another development is that Au nanoparticles were discovered to exhibit unanticipated properties as heterogeneous catalysts, starting with the low-temperature oxidation of CO. Substantial progress has also been made in understanding the surface plasmon spectroscopy of Au nanoparticles and nanorods. The need to investigate the optical properties of metal particles of a single, well-defined shape and size has motivated the development of a number of new techniques, leading to the study of electron transfer and redox catalysis on single nanoparticles.
Gold nanoparticle chemistry and physics has emerged as a broad new subdiscipline in the domain of colloids and surfaces. The unusual optical properties of small gold particles, their sizedependentelectrochemistry,andtheirhighchemicalstabilityhave made them the model system of choice for exploring a wide range of phenomena including self-assembly, biolabeling, catalysis, electron-transfer theories, phase transfer, DNA melting and assays, and crystal growth. This review focuses on gold nanoparticles, specifically those on the small end of the nanoparticle dimension scale. These nanoparticles (NPs) when stabilized or protected by a shell of thiolate ligands display good stability toward aggregation and other modes of decay, which enables attemptsatisolatingdifferentNPsizesandtheexplorationofhow NP properties depend on size (including quantization effects). NPs with fewer than 300 Au atoms can display distinct optical and electronic properties compared to the bulk metal. The thiolated NP stability further enables treating the ligand shell as a chemical platform that can be manipulated to exhibit desired reactivities, polyfunctionalization, and optical properties. The consequence for the past couple of decades has been a very active field of basic nanoscience research and applications of these NPs. An important aspect of Au NPs has been the breadth of their impact; applications range from photonic device fabrications, to sensing of organic and biomolecules, to charge storage systems. Thesubjectistoolargeforacomprehensivetreatmentinthespace available, and we have accordingly made selections of areas to highlight, with apologies to those omitted. Several complementary reviews on nanoparticles have appeared.1
A noteworthy recent observation has been that the ligation chemistry of verysmall thiolate-protected Au nanoparticles isnot simply a head-on thiolate bonding to a consolidated Au core of atoms;a "standard model" assumption1 of Au NP structure.
X-ray crystallographic determinations2a-c of Au102 and Au25 nanoparticle structures show instead that the ligands are bonded inbridgingcoordinationandmanyoftheAuatomsarenotpartof the core but exist with the ligands in semiring or "staple" structures (Figure 1). The extent to which this structural motif extends to the thiolate interfaces of larger Au NPs remains to be seen. The success of DFT calculations2d in reproducing experimental semiring structural facts has put such calculations more firmly into play in understanding this topic.
The above structural discoveries followed detailed investigations of small thiolate-protected Au nanoparticles that had delineated spectroscopic and kinetic properties. The results of those investigations are now open to deeper interpretations in light of the Figure 1 structure. For example, the common procedureofreplacingoneAusurfaceligandwithanother(ligand or place exchange)1 must in view of Figure 1 involve a more complex, multiple bond-breaking pathway.
Synthesis of Thiolate-Protected Au Nanoparticles. The synthesis of small, monodisperse nanoparticles is a major challenge in nanotechnology research. Smaller particles experience increased driving forces to aggregate to diminish surface energy, so a protective coating, or "capping", is necessary during synthesis to keep them in a finely dispersed state. Of the two distinct
†Part of the "Langmuir 25th Year: Nanoparticles synthesis, properties, and assemblies" special issue. *Corresponding authors. E-mail:mulvaney@unimelb.edu.au, rwm@email.
(2) (a) Jadzinsky, P. D.; Calero, G.; Ackerson, C. J.; Bushnell, D. A.; Kornberg,
Sardar et al. Perspective
strategies for making metal nanoparticles, (1) the top-down approach and (2) the bottom-up technique, the latter is by far the more common and effective. Metal ions are reduced by a reducingreagent;they nucleate to form nanoparticles while in the presence of protective ligands. Either the stoichiometry of the available metalion supply or the passivation of furthergrowthby theprotectiveligandscandeterminetheeventualnanoparticlesize.
A seminal early nanoparticle synthesis3a waso fA u55(Ph3P)Cl, whereby the complex [Au(Ph3P)Cl] was reduced with diborane gas. This nanoparticle proved to be difficult to isolate in a pure state and was somewhat unstable. A veryinfluential3bsubsequent synthesis protocol is outlined in Scheme 1, where following phase transfer of a gold salt into an organic medium;using a phasetransfer agent such as tetraoctylammonium bromide;and the addition of an organic thiol, an excess of a strong reducing agent;such as sodium borohydride;is added, with the rapid production of thiolate-protected Au nanoparticles. The parameters of the "Brust synthesis" have been thoroughly explored.3c A major advantage is rough control over the average size of the synthesized particles by the choice of the reduction condition and the gold salt-to-thiol molar ratio used, but even then, in general postsynthesis size fractionation is necessary.
SynthesisofAuNanoparticleswithinDendrimers.Various dendrimer molecules have also been used to stabilize metal nanoparticles (including Au). Pioneering work by Crooks and co-workers4a substantially defined the nanoparticle stability inside the dendritic network and its further utilization (Figure 2). The advantagesof the dendrimer approach include the following: (1) The completeness of reduction of the metal ions sequestered inside the dendrimer yields some stoichiometric control over the nanoparticle size. The dendrimer arms are very effective at preventing nanoparticle aggregation. (2) The loose steric aspects of dendrimers also allow the encapsulated nanoparticles to participate in various catalytic reactions. (3) The terminal groups on the dendrimer periphery can be modified for purposes of nanoparticle solubility in different media, among other goals.
The encapsulation of metal ions inside dendrimers involves, variously,electrostaticandcomplexationinteractions;thedendrimer interior includes coordinating groups such as -OH, NH2,o r -COOH. Stable monodisperse Au NPs can be synthesized using quaternary ammonium-terminated fourth- and sixth-generation dendrimers without further purification steps. Water-soluble Au8 nanodots have also been prepared within hydroxy-terminated second- and fourth-generation (G2-OH and G4-OH) dendrimers,4b and they fluoresce at short wavelengths that change with the size of the Au nanoparticle. In contrast, thiolated Au nanoparticles do not emit at shorter wavelengths but instead emit at relatively size-independent near-infrared wavelengths.
Making Networks and Films of Thiolate-Protected Au
Nanoparticles. The formation of mono- and multilayer films of small-ligand-stabilized metal nanoparticles is a significant research topic given the variety of possible applications (separations, chemical sensors) and their significance in fundamental science (such as the ligand dependence of electron hopping conductivity within the films). The formation of gold colloid monolayerswasreportedinLangmuirin1993usingelectrophoretic deposition,5 and the sophistication of the approaches has grown rapidly. Techniques1c employed to form multilayers include (1) ligand exchanges combined with dithiol linkers, (2) electrostatic or coordinative interactions with groupings present on the nanoparticle surface, (3) covalent linking using amide coupling, and (4) the LB method. A particularly straightforward method is coordinative coupling between carboxylate or sulfonate groups on the nanoparticle ligand shell with metal ions (such as Cu2þ or Zn2þ). Multilayer films can be prepared in simple two-step dip and rinse cycles as illustrated in Figure 3.6a Polyelectrolytes such as cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride) can also be used; in this case, the nanoparticle is itself effectively a polyelectrolyte imitating the layer-by-layer (LBL) technique.6b-6d By choice of the organic polyelectrolyte charge complement, this procedure is effective at building multilayers whether the nanoparticle ligand shell is cationic or anionic.
Multimer Assemblies of Au Nanoparticles. Multimers of nanoparticles are interesting chemical objects. A seemingly general approach to preparing them, say by ligand exchanges on the nanoparticle producing linker connections, encounters the challenge of controlling the number of such exchanges, with its underlying statistics. A sample containing an average of three exchanged ligands will actually contain a distribution of exchanged ligands, and excessive exchanges will yield nanoparticle aggregates. A solid-phase approach7 can limit the number of linker ligand exchange sites by providing them with large (in comparison) polystyrene beads as illustrated in Figure 4. In the first step, a single acid-terminated thiolate is incorporated onto a 2 nm butanethiolate-protected nanoparticle; that entity is then released from the bead, and the resulting singly functionalized nanoparticle can become linked into dimers by amide coupling with aliphatic diamines. This method produced
Figure 1. Simplified X-ray crystal structure of [Oct4Nþ]
[Au25(SC2Ph)18-] adapted from ref 2e. Phenylethylene R groups (shown only for one semiring) have two different bridging thiolate coordinations. The -SR-Au-SR-Au-SR- semirings in the reduced MPC do not align in a plane, exhibiting a puckering of thesemiringthatishighlightedbybrightercoloring.(Au=yellow, S=violet,C=green,andHnotshown).Reprintedwithpermission from ref 2e. Copyright 2008 American Chemical Society.
(3) (a) Schmid, G.; Pfeil, F.; Boese, R.; Bandermann, F.; Meyer, S.; Calis, G. H.
M.; van der Velden, J. W. A. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 3634. (b) Brust, M.; Walker, M.; Bethell, D.; Schiffrin, D. J.; Whyman, R. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 801– 802. (c) Hostetler, M. J.; Wingate, J. E.; Zhong, C.-J.; Harris, J. E.; Vachet, R. W.; Clark, M. R.; Londono, J. D.; Green, S. J.; Stokes, J. J.; Wignall, G. D.; Glish, G. L.; Porter, M. D.; Evans, N. D.; Murray, R. W. Langmuir 1998, 14,1 7–30. (4) (a)Scott, R. W. J.; Wilson, O. M.; Crooks, R. M. J. Phys. Chem. B2005, 109, 692–704. (b) Zheng, J.; Petty, J. T.; Dickson, R. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 7780– 7781.
Perspective Sardar et al.
nanoparticleswhere60-70%weredimers,alongwithsomesingle particles and trimers.
In another nanostructure assembly creation, Stellacci and coworkers8 prepared nanoparticles with mixed monolayers of functional ligands such as nonanethiolate and 4-methylbenzenethiolate. The disparities between these functional ligands caused a form of striped surface ordering, as in Figure 5A,B. Subsequent ligand exchange reactions (with 1-mercaptoundecanoic acid, MUA), according to the "hairy ball theorem", were directed to the "poles" of the nanoparticles. Coupling of the MUA acid groups with a diamine (1,6-diaminohexane) leads to the formation of 1D nanoparticle chains. The interparticle distance inside the chain could be controlled by using different diamines such as O,O0-bis(2 aminoethyl)octadecaethylene glycol (EGDA).
Gold as a Catalytic Nanoparticle. Although gold nanoparticles have been used for many different purposes, their catalytic properties were for decades considered to be weak or absent. It was an exciting discovery then when Haruta and Hutchings simultaneously and independently9a,9b showed that gold could be very active, in particular, for the heterogeneous low-temperature oxidation of CO. It was found that bare gold nanoparticles were not active but when on a metal oxide support, such as R-
Fe2O3, became excellent catalysts for the oxidation of CO. It was first considered that the high activity resulted from a new type of composite oxide catalyst, but after a detailed electron microscopy study, it was found that the most active catalysts were small gold nanoparticlesapproximately2-4nmindiameter.Thecatalytically active nanoparticles form a reconstructed structure with the
Figure 2. Cartoon depicting the synthesis of various metal nanoparticles using dendrimers as capping ligands. Reprinted with permission from ref 4a. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society.
Scheme 1. Scheme for Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis by the Brust Two-Phase Approach
(8) DeVries, G. A.; Brunnbauer, M.; Hu, Y.; Jackson, A. M.; Long, B.; Neltner, B. T.; Uzun, O.; Wunsch, B. H.; Stellacci, F. Science 2007, 315, 358–361.
(9) (a) Sanchez, R. M. T.; Ueda, A.; Tanaka, K.; Haruta, M. J. Catal. 1997, 168, 125–127. (b) Hashmi, A.S. K.; Hutchings, G. J.Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2006, 45,7896– 7936. (c) Thomas, K. G.; Kamat, P. V. Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 36, 8–898.
substrate, and CO adsorption would proceed on the adjacent metal oxide. The reaction is thought to involve carbonate-like intermediates decomposing to CO2 upon desorption from the surface. This catalytic discovery spurred a substantial body of other studies on heterogeneous gold catalysis, including the hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes, hydrosilylation, oxidation of alcohols, and photocatalysis.9c Au nanoparticles chemically attached to glassy carbon electrodes have also been used for the oxidation of CO and CH3OH resulting in the formation of CO2.1b
Electrochemical Reactivities of Au Nanoparticles
Three categories of electrochemical behavior of solutions of thiolate-protected Au nanoparticles have been delineated. These categoriescrosstheso-calledmetal-to-moleculetransitionregionof nanoparticle size, and their voltammetries are labeled1c bulkcontinuum voltammetry,quantized double-layer charging voltammetry,andmolecule-likevoltammetry.Theobservedvoltammetric currents in all three are controlled by mass transport rates; they differ in the potential dependence of thecurrents(justas is thecase for small redoxmolecules).
Another form of nanoparticle voltammetry involves cases where the protecting ligand shell is itself electroactive. The redox-labeled voltammetric reactions add to those underlying the nanoparticle itself. Another form of electroactivity is that of a stronglyheld, redox-activeconjugatewith the nanoparticleligand shell, which has been used in various forms of DNA sensing in particular.
Bulk-Continuum Voltammetry. Just as ionic space charges;the electrical double layer;exist at all electrified metal/electrolyte solution interfaces, nanoparticles in solutions (colloids, metal sols, regardless of the metal, and semiconductor nanoparticles) have double layers with ionic surface excesses on the solution side that reflect any net electronic charge residing on the metal nanoparticle surface (or its capping ligand shell). In this light, one can say that all metal-like nanoparticles are intrinsically electroactive and act as electron donor/ acceptors to the quantitative extent of their double-layer capacitances. The electron charge storage capacity, per nanoparticle, depends on the nanoparticle size (surface area), nanoparticle double-layer capacitance
CDL, and potential (relative to nanoparticle zero charge). This capacity can be quite substantial; for example, a 10-nm-diameter nanoparticle with CDL=120 aF (equivalent to 40 μF/cm2)c an store ∼750 e/V. This capacity is capable, as a "colloidal micro- electrode", of driving electrochemical reactions such as proton reductiontoH2.Thequantitativedemonstrationsofthisproperty by Henglein et al.10a and Gratzel et al.,10b starting in 1979, represented the beginning of the modern understanding of the electrochemistry of metal nanoparticles.
In the earliest experiments, nanoparticles were charged by chemical reactions. The transition to electrochemical control by
Figure 3. Schemefor forming multilayerfilms frommixed-monolayer Au nanoparticles. Adapted from ref 6c. Reprinted with permission from ref 1c. Copyright 2008 American Chemical Society.
Figure 5. Syntheticapproachof1Dnanoparticlechainformation. Reprinted with permission from ref 8. Copyright 2007 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Figure 4. Synthetic outline of gold-nanoparticle dimer synthesis. Reprinted with permission from ref 7. Copyright 2004 The Royal Society of Chemisty.
(10) (a) Henglein, A. J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 2209. (b) Kiwi, J.; Gratzel, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 7214.
Ung et al.1 was made by showing that solutions of Ag nanoparticles capped with poly(acrylic acid) could also be charged at (macroscopic) working electrodes, diffusing to undergo electron transfer at electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Although the observed current-potential curves (at potentials insufficiently positive to oxidize Ag) were featureless, the currents exceeded background values and varied with [time]-1/2 (in potential step experiments) and with [rotation rate]1/2 (in rotated disk electrode experiments);characteristics of current control by diffusing entities according to the well-known Cottrell and Levich equations, respectively,
IðtÞ¼ nFADNP 1=2CNP BULK where DNP and CNP BULK are the Ag nanoparticle diffusion coefficientandconcentration.Thus,eventhoughametalnanoparticle yields no voltammetric wave and exhibits no discrete "formal potential", its electrochemical charging is observable and demonstrable by the application of mass transport criteria.


Over 9000 Students Trained Since 1985
12285B World Trade Drive
Google Tour of Manna's (see inside)
Manna Martial Arts
Grandmaster Manna
Master Instructors
Instructors & Staff
7 Codes
Uniform/Belts
Tiny Tigers(Ages 3-4)
Little Dragons (5-7)
Dragons (Ages 7-11)
Traditional (12-29)
Songin (Ages 30+)
Main (Headquarters)
PUSD Enrichment
YMCA Meade Avenue
Non Profit Association
MANNA'S offers opportunity for one or all the members of the family to participate. Our environment is friendly, courteous and educational. MANNA'S values the time that you take to build your and or your family's core values, whether for fitness, self-defense, camaraderie or self-discipline. Develop strong character, integrity and self confidence. Enjoy new friendships and spirit! We invite you to visit and experience MANNA'S for yourself. We look forward to having the opportunity to meet with you and will be our honor to share with you and your family, great physical and mental guidance through MANNA'S. MANNA'S is a TEMAS licensed school.
You may elect to try our VIP Martial Arts Program. You will receive a free uniform and two trial classes. This is absolutly free for all first time attendees to Manna's.
Age Specific Martial Arts Programs:
TINY TIGERS – Ages 3 and 4
LITTLE DRAGONS – Ages 5 thru 6 and some 7
DRAGONS, Traditional Tang Soo Do & Hapkido – Ages 7 thru 11
TANG SOO DO & Hapkido – Ages 12 thru 29
SONGIN DO & Hapkido - Adults minimum age 30/50/70
Rank Specific Martial Arts Programs:
SENIOR & MASTER BLACK BELTS (Ko Dan Ja)
Style Specific Martial Arts Programs:
TANG SOO DO (Ancient Taekwondo)
SONGIN DO, Very Direct Effect & Physically Conscientious
Safety Programs:
PREDATOR AWARENESS – Child safety
PERSONAL PROTECTION – Teen & Adult
SELF DEFENSE – Teen & Adult
UNITED STATES POLICE DEFENSE TACTICS ASSOCIATION INSTRUCTOR
Additional Programs:
LIFE SKILLS CLASS – Youth participate 3 times monthly
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT – Teen & Adult participate 3 times monthly
CA LICENSED SCHOOL AGE DAYCARE – pick-up from local school
AFTERSCHOOL OUTREACH PROGRAMS – on campus at your location
THEMED WEEKLY SUMMER ACTIVITY SPORTS CAMPS - Participate by the day or week
MARTIAL ARTS KICKBOXING FITNESS – Teen/Adult
SELECTED HOLIDAY and SPORTS CAMP WEEKS
PARENTS NIGHT OUT and SLEEP OVERS
2DAY/3 DAY CAMPS – Mountain Retreats centering on martial arts and camaraderie
ELITE WARRIOR ACHIEVEMENT PROGRAMS
OUTREACH PROGRAMS - Throughout the community
BIRTHDAY PARTY PACKAGES - A complete party like no other
TUTORING BY APPOINTMENT – at Manna's
INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS - Teen/Adult
Corporate Trainer and Motivational Speaker
Consulting & Entrepreneurial program for martial arts school owners
What is Tang Soo Do and Songin Do
Many names are used to describe Korean martial arts. Our teaching offers a mix of the Korean hard style of kick and punch, today known as Tae Kwon Do, with the turning and twisting of the Chinese soft styles all directly influences by the time that the Japennese martial arts influenced the Korean culture. Our instruction and teaching efforts are toward the preservation of the classical heritage and the enhancement of the martial arts in the world today, by the controlled atmosphere of pride and complete respect and discipline. Understanding the values of the martial arts training is an in-depth study.
Listed below are a few vital benefits of our instruction:
* SELF DISCIPLINE Our traditional codes and studio rules outline the discipline which becomes self-discipline through personal application. Discipline is necessary to improve techniques and develop our hidden resources to the point where they may be utilized in practical application. Each individual with us is taught to be responsible and to be a "thinking" martial artist. As physical ability increases, so does mental control and focus in all activities.
* SELF DEFENSE Through physical and mental training you can gain the ultimate use of your bodies facilities. Our teaching stress the scientific use of the body in the methods of self defense. You will acquire knowledge of pressure point, joint manipulation and take downs. Our self defense training is to disable, not to destroy. Concentrated mental and physical force can cause extreme damage, this is why our emphasis is on learning never to use this knowledge wrongly or violently.
* PHYSICAL FITNESS Our classes stress four important area of fitness: Stamina - aerobic workout; Flexibility - stretching; Strength - isometrics, calisthenics and weights; and Mental and Physical Balance. Many aerobics workouts challenge only the body, and afterwards, the mind is still running on. Our training challenges the mind as well as the body. So, when the body is at rest, an overall calming effect is achieved. I call this, "The whole person concept" or balance of the mind and body. In this state, the body can truly rest and focus calmly on tasks at hand. We recommend two or three classes per week, this will enable both mental and physical enhancement.
Tang Soo Do is a traditional Korean Martial Art that was influenced by the Chinese. It's origin dates back over 2,000 years. Songin Do is a culmination of years of the development of manipulation of the natural weakness of the body and the direct results of a military style, the word Songin translates to mean 'enlightenment'.
A Martial Arts Overview:
It is important to remember that the term "Martial Arts" though once aptly defined as "violence and the control of that violence", literally means "military skills", and encompasses all the individual Arts. Karate, Kung-Fu, Judo, Akido and Kobujitsu complete the Oriental line of ancient Asian warfare; however, let us not forget the tactics of India, Greece, Egypt, France or the Americas.
Though drastically different, all forms of the Martial Arts can be described as being either a form of sport (Judo, Wrestling, Tae Kwon Do, etc.) a "Jitsu" (combat forms) or "Do", a way of life or art (those of high cultural value and moralistic intent).
Let us first examine the term "Martial"; though many stylized art forms have derived from the professional warriors, the majority of the arts still in practice today, were developed by the civilian populations, for the purpose of personal defense. However, the term "Martial" is still applicable not only in the militaristic approach with regard to instruction, but in the warrior ethic developed within each practitioner.
Besides conditioning the body and improving speed, strength and coordination, studying the Martial Arts increases one's alertness and self awareness. It also teaches confidence in one's abilities to deal with the world around us. And with deeper confidence comes calmness and a sense of inner peace which can penetrate to the very depth of our being.
Next, let us consider the term "Art"; any form of self expression or interpretation can be considered an art. But the highest level of artistic freedom is found, not in reproduction but in creative expression. to rely on one's resources and mental flexibility to formulate a response accurate to the needs of any given situation.
So even within this simple term, we find an example of balance through seemingly contradictory views. The Martial Arts may be seen as the "control of actions", "creative reorganization" or maybe most appropriately, the "protection of freedom".
The term "Do" is Japanese for "The Way" or "the Path". The Way to inner peace is through the control of outer disorder. The way of self-discipline is the path to self-control; and once in control of ourselves, we find that we have the power to aid in the control of our environment.
The coordination of body and mind produced great power, and with great power comes great responsibility. Once properly directed and focused, "Do" may be a source of unlimited creative energy.
History of the Martial Arts:
The roots of the Martial Arts per-date any written history, from the time that cavemen first lifted a hand in a fighting manner and prescribed dances for different illnesses. Different movements were believed to heal certain ailments, and surely a crude form of physical therapy did come of these, however unscientific the methods of development may have been.
In 2250 B.C., during the Hsia Dynasty, Emperor Yu noticed that a pond of water collected diseases whereas a running stream stayed more pure. He then ordered that his people should exercise in sequenced patterns, and with this, first placed the emphasis on the prevention of diseases rather than just their cure. These movements may well have laid the ground work for Tai Chi Chuan, many centuries later.
During the Chou Dynasty (1150 B.C.), early Taoist and Confucian texts, including the I Ching (the book of Changes), the Shin Ching (the Book of Poems) and much later even the Li Chi (the book of Ceremonies & Rites) mentioned the Martial Arts and gave us the Kung-Fu Hexagram, the symbol of "strong yielding".
Much of the information that has been complied with regard to the "Warrior Arts" of early civilizations has been found in the other art forms of its culture. Statues, pottery and paintings on temple walls which depict combat between two or more warriors, or in some cases, athletes, have been found in all corners of the world. In ancient Egypt, art work on the walls of Beni-Hassan's tomb depicts techniques similar to those found in Ju-Jitsu.
It is still an issue of great debate as to who was first, or who was best, however the first organized school of combat seems to have been the Palaestra, a school of wrestling in ancient Greece.
Greek boxing experienced its classic era from the time of Homer to the close of the 5th century B.C., and may have been the first art to utilize the "open-hand" as a weapon. The art of Pankration (all powers), a mix of Greek boxing and wrestling was carried across the Himalayas and into China by Alexander the Great in 326 B.C.
The Pyrrhic Dance (a war-dance similar to modern karate form), Greek forms of wrestling and especially the art of Pankration are said to have directly influenced the Indian arts of Nata and Vajramushti. These early Indian arts, once coupled with the Buddhist teachings, gave birth to Yoga and later Kalari Payat.
Just per-dating the appearance of Buddhism, in the early 200's A.D. (Han Dynasty of China) a famous Chinese surgeon named Hua-To imitated movements of the deer, bear, tiger, monkey and the birds for their health aspects. Later these movements were refined for the First Emperor of Sung Dynasty, Tai-Chung, and became the root of modern-day calisthenics.
China and its people have long exhibited the incredible ability to absorb almost any culture or its ideologies. Today there are several hundred styles of Kung-Fu, the essence of which came from culmination of many cultures, philosophies, geographical origins and technical genre. Obviously a complete and comprehensive study of the Chinese Arts would be too voluminous to include in this Member's Handbook, so let us simply examine China's most famous "melting-pot."
The T'ang Dynasty:
The T'ang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) witnessed a great rise in popularity for the Shaolin Temple and its arts. It was during this period that the monks first served a military purpose and became, in affect, a special detachment of the Imperial Army. In quelling internal uprisings and resisting many different invasions, the inhabitants of the Shaolin were rewarded with many honors, citations and huge amounts of land. On this land many temples were built, the first was the second Shaolin in the Fukein province.
Priests, soldiers, statesmen and scholars, while visiting and studying at these Chinese monasteries,, were undoubtedly exposed to Chan-Fa and returned to Korea, Japan and the Ryukyu with the seeds of what would soon be their own native arts.
Traveling Shaolin monks were responsible for the birth of several hundred styles of Kung-Fu. They would teach Chuan-Fa to their family, friends and followers and they, in time, would alter and add on to the style, then call it whatever they wanted - usually after their family name.
Japan, during this time, began to proliferate schools of wrestling and swordsmanship; these would later become Sumo and the arts of Kendo. The earliest forms of Kenjutsu are thought to have existed as early as the 6th century A.D. and were most likely developed from techniques exhibited by Buddhist monks and scholars relating what they had learned abroad. The antecedent of this was to be seen in the transmission of Ch'in Na from China to Japan in the early 900's A.D., becoming the basis for Aiki-Jutsu.
In Korea, early developments in Taekyon and Subak (the base arts of Tae Kwon Do), Hwarang Do (the ancient military art form) and Tang Soo Do, traditional Korean martial art with legendary influence by China (literally T'ang Hand Way) were interpretations of Wai-Chia, the external systems of Chuan-Fa. The northern external styles were known for their intricate kicking techniques....and once these were combined with the spectacular acrobatics of the native Korean kicking arts, the two made for a formidable union. The highest level of becoming one with self can be viewed at reaching songin.
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From, April 01, 2007 to April 07, 2007
'Relations With India On Irreversible Plane'
India's relations with Bangladesh have almost reached an 'irreversible plane', and look set to go 'upward', with Dhaka providing genuine assurances that no acts 'inimical to India' would be permitted from there, said Bangladesh's Foreign Affairs . . .
Reforms Panel For 'One Un' Concept
Mr Lennart Bage, President of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) was in India for a week long visit.
Q&a: Reinvent Museums, Connect With Communities
As chairman, AusHeritage, Australia's network for cultural heritage services, Vinod Daniel's work revolves around conserving and nourishing trans-geographic heri-tage and cultural traditions.
"It's Time We Move Towards Conflict Resolution"
Pakistan's Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz speaks on a range of issues — from bilateral trade to Siachen to the suspension of his country's top judge. Excerpts from an exclusive interview in New Delhi on Wednesday:
Foreign Remittances Don't Translate To Industrial Investments For Kerala
The issue of why there are no industrial investments in Kerala from foreign remittances cannot be detached from why there have not been major investments.
'After Consumer Credit, Rural Lending Is The Next Big Opportunity'
From the 10th floor of the ICICI Bank building in the Bandra-Kurla Complex in Mumbai, the bank's managing director and chief executive officer K.V. Kamath can a large expanse of urban India the target set for the bank to borrow from and lend to.
'Palestinians Are Imprisoned In Their Own Land'
Jamal Juma, 44, is coordinator of the Palestinian Grassroots Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign, a representative forum of major Palestinian civil society organisations in occupied Palestine.
Exclusive: On Poll Eve Mulayam Says He Has No Regrets
UP chief minister Mulayam Singh is fighting a grim battle for political supremacy in Uttar Pradesh. He calls it a "mahasangram" and has left no stone unturned to try and win UP again in the 2007 Assembly polls.
'Rss View Of Hindu Rashtra An Anachronism'
Jyotirmaya Sharma, author of `Terrifying Vision', a book about MS Golwalkar of the RSS, in an interview with Deepak K Upreti of the Deccan Herald comments on the controversial legacy of the leader.
Biman Bose, Left Front Chairman
IN this exclusive interview with Frontline, Biman Bose, Communist Party of India (Marxist) Polit Bureau member and West Bengal State secretary and Left Front chairman, gives his party's perception on the Nandigram incident.
Designers Can Transform Assets Into Eco-Friendly Services
Design guru John Thackara is the director of Doors of Perception, an Amsterdam and Bangalore-based 'knowledge networking' organisation that gets diverse experts for its celebrated single-theme conferences around the world.
'Those Who Have Power Decide Who Can Use Resources. We Need A . ..
Hello, and welcome to Walk the Talk. I am Shekhar Gupta, and my guest this week is the Tree Woman of Africa, actually the Tree Woman of the World, Nobel laureate Wangari Maathai, on her first visit to India.
"It's Mira's Stamp On My Story"
The Pulitzer Prize-winning author on the film versus the book, her characters, her connections with her Bengali family, her relationship with Nair, and her new work.
Santhosh George K.
Entrepreneur and traveller, he's all set to be India's first space tourist in 2008-09.
We Made Mistakes But Won't Give Up: Buddha
West Bengal CM Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee admits that Nandigram was a failure, but he is still aggressive on industrialisation and claims the party's support.
Compact Oeuvre
Filmmaker Adoor Gopalakrishnan discusses his latest project based on the short stories of Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai.
When Foreign Targets Blip On Your Deal Radar
Achieving global effective tax rate (GETR) reductions will improve post-tax cash flows and enhance shareholder value. However, tax planning should not be conducted in isolation but must be integrated into business initiatives.
'Foreign Lawyers' Entry Not To Hit Locals'
The law industry is still more protected than many others in a number of countries.
Vincent Brossel Of Reporters Sans
Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF) has been fighting for press freedom ever since it was formed in 1985 by a group of French journalists.
© 2007 Copyright What Is India Publishers (P) Ltd. All Rights Reserved.


The Truly Disgusting Things We Ate as Children
By Kristin Hunt
Drew Swantak/Thrillist
Kids do a lot of weird things, like enthusiastically trying to spy on fat, old home-intruders every December 25th. What's truly remarkable, though, is their ability to enjoy vile food creations you wouldn't feed to a dog -- and lest you forget, dogs eat their own poo. We took an internal poll to find out the grossest things the Thrillist staff enthusiastically ate as children. If the results are any indication, we're probably not making it to 70.
I had a normal childhood. A good childhood. But there's one red flag: in every single Kodak moment from every single summer ('88-'95), I'm eating sand. Like, fist to face. I'm smiling, bleach-blonde hair waving with the wind, and aggressively chowing down on tiny rocks. My parents can't seem to remember why.
I can't imagine it was a taste thing, but I was eating it enough that, by way of pictures, I clearly loved something about this inedible summertime food staple. I remember liking my sand fine, not coarse or too rocky. And it could never be wet. It should go without saying that I don't eat sand anymore (I've replaced the crunch with a crippling addiction to potato chips), but I may try it this summer. If I don't have to immediately get my stomach pumped, I'll let you know how it goes. - Julie Cerick, assistant managing editor
Turkey, butter, and salt sandwiches
In what retrospectively seems like a lethargic attempt on my life, my granny used to make me decadent, hypertension-inducing turkey, butter, and salt sandwiches for lunch when I would stay over. The butter was not thinly spread at all -- big chunks of it lined the untoasted bread -- and you would catch yourself crunching on scattered accumulations of salt every so often, but I'll be damned if my childhood self didn't find them delicious. I'm pretty sure I lost a day off the end of my life each time I ate one, and I still count them as days well spent. - Tyler Beckwith, editorial project manager
Creamer cups
I used to crush dozens of those tiny half-and-half cups served with coffee at restaurants. They were my favorite thing. In fact, when my parents married when I was 4 (yes, that's right), I had a nearly endless supply. Later, my mom found some empty ones in a bunched-up part of her wedding dress that I had left while hugging her. I hardly ever use them in my coffee today. - Tony Merevick, cities news editor
Pistachio nut salt
So here's a great party trick for maximum enjoyment of pistachio nuts. The best part of pistachios, or any nuts for that matter, is the salt, obviously. And shelling pistachios is a lot of work. But you know what's not a lot of work? Sucking the salt off pistachio nuts and then placing those nuts back into the bowl. I mean, where else would you put them at this point? I did this consistently at large family parties from ages 5-12 and was only ever caught once, by my uncle's then-fiance, who was still brave enough to marry into the family. Do not eat damp, unsalted pistachio nuts. - Bison Messink, managing editor
Flour and water "paste"
As a young lad of 6, I decided one night that it was time to start earning my keep by "cooking" dinner for my family. My meal consisted of equal parts flour and water, lovingly mixed together in a bowl until it reached a consistency approximating spackling paste. It was delicious. My mother and father both took spoonfuls of the pasty mix (or pretended to, at least) and proclaimed how tasty it was, to my delight. My older brother, meanwhile, spat his portion out and told me it was the worst thing he'd ever eaten. Sobbing, I greedily consumed the rest of his portion. - Gianni Jaccoma, staff writer
Goldfish cereal
I used to put Goldfish in milk to eat as cereal because it just made sense to me at the time. Then I kept forcing myself to do it daily for a while because my mom said I'd hate it, and it would be disgusting. I HAD TO PROVE HER WRONG! - Laura Murray, photo editorial intern
Peanut butter, cheese, and bacon sandwiches
Sometime around age 10 or 11, I heard something about how Elvis enjoyed peanut butter, bacon, and banana sandwiches. At first I was disgusted, but then became curious about how peanut butter and bacon might taste together (bananas would push the concoction too close to health food). Of course, it was tasty. You know what else is tasty? Cheddar cheese. They have peanut butter and cheddar cheese cracker sandwiches, so it seemed reasonable enough. As I recall, it tasted pretty good. I don't know why I stopped eating them. Maybe I'll start up again? - Matt Lynch, deputy editor
I truly can't remember what exactly led me to the biscuit box, but it probably had something to do with "playing dogs." If you're unfamiliar, the game consists of three to five dog-obsessed little girls crawling around on their hands and knees, barking at each other and drinking water out of bowls on the floor. It was/is a total blast. One funny mom probably told me to sit and offered a reward, not realizing how deeply committed I was to my role. Honestly, they just taste like super-hard crackers. They're good for the gums. - Carrie Dennis, associate editor
"PS Fiestas"
When I was 10 or 11, I took one of those variety packs of overly sugared breakfast cereals, like Count Chocula, Frosted Flakes, Froot Loops, Cheerios, Rice Krispies, Special K, and I think Raisin Bran, then put them all in a food processor, added milk and water, and made this kind of breakfast cereal paste. Then I put them in balls and deep-fried them in used bacon grease and vegetable oil. We called them PS Fiestas. I believe the PS stood for "Pimp Shit."
I don't remember if it was necessarily all that gross, but then I dumped the almost two gallons of fat I'd used to deep-fry it in a pasta pot down the drain, and it congealed and overflowed into our basement, and cleaning a gallon of cooking fat off our basement floor DEFINITELY was very gross. - Matt Meltzer, Miami editor
Ungrilled cheese sandwiches
OK, so when I was a kid I used to eat non-grilled cheese sandwiches. It's not like a "regular" cheese sandwich -- if such a thing exists -- where it's bread with cheese, but a toasted bread sandwich with cheese. So, I'd put the bread in a toaster, slather it up with mayonnaise, and stick like five to 10 slices of American or cheddar cheese on it. Warm toast and ice-cold cheese, that was my scene in the '90s. - Jeremy Glass, Supercompressor vice editor
Nesquik, straight up
As a youngster around the age of 9 or so, I obviously hated milk and needed it to be way more like a milkshake, so my family ALWAYS had Nestlé Quik around. Being the brilliant child I was, I realized that the stuff that made my milk taste good tasted even better by itself. So being the not-so-brilliant child that I actually was, I'd eat it by the spoonful, straight up. But this was frowned upon in my household, so I remember many a time that I'd retreat to the woods behind my house and eat Quik straight from the container with a spoon. I'm not proud of shoveling granulated strawberry sugar substitute down my throat, alone in the woods, but I'd do it again in a second. - Pete Dombrosky, copy chief
Cheddar saltine ball
When I was little, there were cheddar saltines. They were super plain and meh. I would stuff as many in my mouth as I could fit, chew them up, then spit them out. I'd do that over and over until I had a slimy ball of cheese crackers about the size of a lemon. Then I'd eat it like an apple. I thought it made them taste like delicious Goldfish crackers. My mom caught me and began just, you know, getting Goldfish. - Andy Kryza, senior editor
Kristin Hunt is a staff writer at Thrillist. She never made paste, but she once served her family a half-baked box cake. Her brother was a real dick about it, too. Follow her at @kristin_hunt.


Home » American Celebrity » Giovanni Rivera
American Celebrity
Giovanni Rivera
Posted on Nov 22, 2021, Modified : Nov 21, 2021 Saraswati Lama
Giovanni Rivera is an American-born YouTuber who posted many videos on the YouTube channel named "Gio & Eli" with his brother. Likewise, he has also gained popularity from his other social media sites.
Full Name Giovanni Rivera
DOB 29 February 1996
Birthplace New York
Zodiac Sign Pisces
Hair Color Dark Brown
Eyes Color Dark Brown
Mother Melanie Torres
Brother Elijah Rivera
Net Worth $100K - $1M
Source: theglobalstardom
Where was Giovanni born and raised?
Rivera was born on 29 February 1996 in New York as a son of a mother, Melanie Torres, but his father's identity has been kept secret so that there is still more to know about his father. He has a brother whose name is Elijah Rivera.
Currently, he is at the age of 25, and according to his birth date, his zodiac sign is Pisces. Rivera holds an American nationality, and as per his ethnic background, he belongs to the ethnicity of White.
How was the childhood of Rivera like?
Giovanni grew up nicely in a good environment with his family members. But he lives quiet about the detailed information of his family members, so there are still more things to know about his family members.
Besides this, his educational background information is also missing, but he seems educated. However, his academic qualification still has a question mark.
How did Rivera start his Career?
Rivera has established himself as a famous YouTuber who came into the limelight after he and his brother started posting their fun and exciting videos on his YouTube channel named "Gio & Eli". Likewise, he has also posted his many photos and videos on several social media sites like Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and more.
Source: celebsgraphy
He is doing well in his career and getting people's attention as a social media star. He has gained many followers on his social media sites as he has maintained his social media sites.
Rivera is currently single and living his own life happily with his family members. Likewise, he is doing great in his career and focusing on getting more success in her career. There are also no rumors about his previous relationship, so that he must be living his single life.
Giovanni has created several social media accounts, including:
Rivera is active on Instagram with the tag name ("@giofiledthis"), where he has 206K followers and posted 254 posts. In addition, he has posted his good-looking pictures and videos with his family and friends, which many people liked and commented on.
Giovanni is also active on Twitter with the tag name ("@giofilmedthis"), where he has 9807 followers and tweets 206 times.
He also uses a TikTok account with the tag name ("@giofilmedthis"), where he has 959.3K followers and posted many videos with his brother, which many people liked and commented on. He grabbed people's attention after he started posting his videos that went viral on the internet.
Rivera has also created his YouTube channel named "Gio & Eli" with his brother with 794K subscribers. He joined on YouTube on 21 August 2017 and started posting fun and exciting videos with his brother and friends, which many people liked and watched.
Likewise, he and his brother have gained popularity as YouTubers as they have made very exciting videos with their family and friends, which many people watched. The total views on his videos reached 53,348,246.
Source: allstarbio
A good-looking, active and talented Giovanni is a social media star who rose to fame after posting many photos and videos on his social media sites. Currently, he lives a standard life with an estimated net worth of $100K to $1M.
Elijah Rivera
Gio & Eli
Kaelyn Wilkins
Dan Nampaikid


Warren, Herbert Norman (1888 - 1950)
Online Sources Published Sources Gallery
Science administrator
Born: 6 April 1888 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Died: 5 August 1950.
Herbert Norman Warren was Director, Bureau of Meteorology, from 1940 until his death in 1950. He was an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).
Born 6 April 1888. Died 5 August 1950. OBE. Educated University of Melbourne. Joined Electoral Branch of Department of Home Affairs, Victoria, 1914. Senior Clerk Electoral and Service Branches, Tasmania, 1919. In 1924 transferred to Commonwealth Public Service Board for special duties in connection with classification and organisation of Commonwealth departments. Appointed Commonwealth Electoral Officer for Tasmania in 1934 and also Public Service Inspector.
Warren was Public Service Inspector for Tasmania before being appointed as Assistant Director of the Bureau in 1938 and shortly thereafter as Director of Meteorology. Almost immediately, as Group Captain Warren, he was called on to manage the transformation of the Bureau into the RAAF Meteorological Service. After return of the Bureau to civilian status in 1946, he became deeply involved in international meteorology, chairing the committee which drafted the final text of the WMO Convention in Washington DC in October 1947. He died in office on his way home from a session of the WMO Executive Committee in August 1950. A Hundred Years of Science and Service, Bureau of Meteorology, 2001.
Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre, Federation and Meteorology, 2001, http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/fam/scripts/fam-dynindex.php3?EID=P003319. [ Details ]
Structure based on ISAAR(CPF) - click here for an explanation of the fields. Prepared by: Helen Morgan
Modified: 9 October 2006
[ Foundation Supporter - National Council for the Centenary of Federation ] [ Top of page | Bright Sparcs Home | Browse | Search ]


Film Review: The Call
Posted by jensine in Film reviews 2013
Abigail Breslin, director Brad Anderson, entertainment, Film Review: The Call, film reviews, Films, Halle Berry, Michael Eklund, movies, The Call
Phone operator Jordan (Halle Berry) works in the busy 911 emergency call center in Los Angeles. Everyday she sits, listens and helps those in distress, always cool and methodical as she was trained to be.
However when she answers the call from a young girl whose home is being invaded everything changes. Always the professional Jordan tries to calm the girl down but suddenly the perpetrator is on the other end telling her: "It's already done."
This sentence haunts Jordan and when a few days later the body of the young girl is found she swaps her headset for a clipboard and teaches new applicants how to do her old job. While on the floor of 'the hive' as the bustling call-center is dubbed a call comes in from Casey (Abigail Breslin) and a breathtaking journey begins.
Casey is calling from the boot of a moving car, confused, crying and very scared. With the help of Jordan she manages to create a trail and the search is on. Her abductor Michael (Michael Eklund) is at first quite unaware of what is happening behind his back but as soon as he finds out his rage takes over.
The Call is a fast-paced movie filled with suspense. And even though a lot of it is filmed inside the boot of a car it doesn't feel overly claustrophobic. Both Breslin and Berry manage to be believable, Breslin obviously filled with terror and Berry desperate to help. However it does seem odd when Jordan leaves her desk and turns into the hero who saves the day. Eklund is brilliant in his sweaty lunacy, menacing, furious and utterly deluded.
However The Call does have its weaknesses. The prologue to the story is a little long, which is odd as the film is only 94 minutes long. But director Brad Anderson seems to want to set the scene and create too much of an unnecessary back-story. And although the ending may be surprising and somewhat satisfying for some it makes little sense to find Jordan as the one who takes action.
Overall The Call is much better than it may first appear, even if the plot does have a few weaknesses. It is a film that is carried by strong actors, a lot of suspense and great filming, a thriller in every sense of the words.
3 thoughts on "Film Review: The Call"
"…sweaty lunacy…"–what a great description, Jensine!
well if you see the film you'll know what I mean … thanks for the compliment
:>0, I be watching for it!


Preview: Birmingham City (v) Aston Villa – Why the second city derby is more than just a game.
Villa Undergroundon October 28, 2016 December 28, 2016
This derby. It's not just about bragging rights.
It's old scores & open wounds.
It's the senseless anticipation as kick off looms and the anguish suffered over 90 minutes.
This is a big game. An important local clash, routinely overlooked and diminished in the age of mass media coverage of manufactured "derbies" or faux rivalry.
Villa versus Blues is a bitter, fierce and often hateful experience. It's the first meeting of either side in a league fixture for five years. Tasty stuff.
Whilst the hatefulness of the game sometimes results in the worst of humanity coming out, it also creates a cauldron of football that is thrilling to watch amidst an atmosphere few can describe once they've experienced it first hand.
It's white knuckle, on and off the pitch.
It was therefore a genuine surprise to read that Villa fans will be held back at the final whistle.
Whilst the decision was probably taken with the best of intentions, when the tactic was last deployed at St. Andrews it made away supporters stick out like sore thumbs wandering away from the gates of the Coventry Road.
Fans were also pelted with stones and whatever was to hand whilst waiting behind the gates as the home support drifted by on that occasion. (*This was either the 2005 or 2007)
This is the same West Midlands Police that presumably thought the 2002 derby [that was completely lawless] would be best played at night. They also thought nothing of placing Blues fans in the tier above the away support, permitting all manner of unsavoury items to rain down upon us for 90 minutes. Hence the reduced capacity this time round with those seats off limits.
This is a proper derby, where there are no "half and half scarves", no neutral areas and one where permanent, unerring lines are drawn amongst acquaintances, colleagues and relationships.
The divide is simple enough to interpret. It is a case of the 'have' and 'have nots' of football in the second city.
We, Aston Villa, have and have had all of the success. Blues, have forever been in the shadows, the bottom feeder, the envious, ugly sister. An all consuming obsession.
Equally, the gulf between the stature of two footballing sides within such a narrow geography couldn't be greater. Fanbase, ambition, silverware and stadia are tried & tested measures.
Greatness is something measured over decades & in terms of our historic football club, centuries. The trophy cabinet & the history books are the trusted barometer.
This isn't also about [rightly] pointing out to our neighbours that we have pedigree, but as much reminding them of their insignificance. Insignificant to the extent that even in our darkest and most inept relegation season (2015/2016), Aston Villa still defeated them.
Clinging to singular, brief moments of joy against us or raising individuals such as Robbie Savage to "legend" status, tells it's own story.
Savage, as dis-likeable as he remains, amusingly double crossed Blues, jumping ship to join Blackburn Rovers. He virtually went full Delph on them and yet…he remains an idol?!
We will make do with idolising League & European Cup winners instead, thanks.
And yes, we will mention that we were Champions of Europe as much or as little as we want. It happened, it is the greatest achievement that any football club can reach, and Aston Villa did it.
Blues fans can polish their Leyland DAF trophy or swill out their Obafemi "What's my age again?" Martin mug. That's as good as it will ever be. Apart from that rare anomaly where they manage to "beet thu Villuh".
Our hosts will have us marked on their calendar, for a big team is crossing the city line. The Blue carpet will be rolled out, the Jasper Carrot record dusted off and we will be made to feel exceptionally welcome.
Given the woeful attendances at St Andrews, the words "You've only come to see the Villa" are rarely more appropriate.
Blues are managing a paltry 57% average turn-out. Their overall attendance is also broadly 50% less than our own in terms of footfall. Huddersfield & Fulham get more through their doors than City, for comparison.
By contrast, Villa currently have the highest away attendances of any Championship (or Premier League) club and that's despite managing just a single victory outside of Villa Park in 14 months.
There is also the added spice that Steve Bruce has seen sense and walked out into the light having taken the helm at VP. He knows the fixture well and leads Villa into the temple of doom almost a decade after he departed as City's coach.
Expect a warm welcome Steve.
Bruce has steadied a B6 ship that had been struggling to find its feet in The Championship under Roberto Di Matteo. Many would have been worried, The Villa Underground included, had a change in leadership not taken place when it did.
We now arrive at St Andrews armed with a sudden momentum, having won consecutive matches and taken 7 points from 9 under Bruce. We also appear to be steadily finding a level of organisation so lacking previously & are now hurting teams in the latter stages of games.
Blues come into the game off the back of a 2-0 defeat to the mighty Burton. Whilst their home form is steady, only one defeat this season, their results against Midlands teams have been poor.
Defeat at home to Wolves is mirrored with a loss to struggling Nottingham Forest and the aforementioned Burton Albion. For all of Gary Rowett's successes steering Blues on a minimal budget, there are certainly chinks in the armour.
The game also has further significance as we seek to establish exactly how our season will play out.
Whilst few would predict a meteoric rise to the automatic promotion places, there is an optimism that the play-offs are a reasonable objective. Beating teams like the Blues will be central to this and/or a measure of what work still needs to be done. The result will actually be quite telling in some respects.
Villa will be without Tommy Elphick and Micah Richards. This will see a likely recall for the growing central partnership of Chester & Baker. Alan Hutton would be expected to retain his place at right back, with Bacuna performing better in a midfield three.
Bruce's biggest challenge will be selecting the best attacking options for the job at hand. The predatory Jonathan Kodjia is an obvious pick, but it's unclear who or what means of supporting him works best. That's a work in progress which has seen any number of players swap in and out.
Gestede carries an aerial threat but is limited on the floor. McCormack has proven goals but is struggling for consistency. Ayew can bring trickery and wastefulness in equal measure. And what of the news the Agbonlahor will travel with the squad? Surely not?
In any event, a victory has to be our aim. And for Gods sake Villa; do not lose.
Villa to win (2-0)
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CategoriesMatch PreviewTagsAston VillaAVFCBCFCBirmingham Cityfl72Match Preview
Fulham Report: 2 wins in 4 days raises Villa spirits going into Blues derby.
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Blues (v) Villa Review: Second City derby reflection. Police, Aquascutum & the Panto Villain.
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Los Angeles mayoral race: Eric Garcetti wins
"Thank you Los Angeles--the hard work begins but I am honored to lead this city for the next four years. Let's make this a great city again," Garcetti tweeted early Wednesday morning.
Greuel gave her formal concession speech at her campaign headquarters in Van Nuys later in the morning. She got emotional at times, saying this was a hard fought race. She asked her supporters to stand behind the city's new mayor.
"The one thing that I know about Eric Garcetti is that he cares deeply about Los Angeles and that he will work tirelessly and be a strong and innovative leader in a time, I believe, that is a critical point in the city's history," Greuel said.
In late-night speeches Tuesday, both candidates appeared optimistic and thanked their supporters for their work in the long campaigns.
"On July 1, we will assume the responsibility of creating jobs, of balancing our city's budget, of keeping our city's streets safe and improving the quality of life for all Angelenos," said Garcetti Tuesday night.
Despite record spending - more than $30 million overall - voter turnout was low. Less than 350,000 people in Los Angeles, the nation's second-most populous city, voted for mayor.
The two Democrats and City Hall regulars were in the run-off contest to succeed Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, who will leave office July 1 after two terms.
"Eric is a true leader who I trust to guide our city into its bright future. I know I am leaving Los Angeles in good hands," said Villaraigosa. "I look forward to working with Eric and his team over the next month for a seamless transition so that we can keep Los Angeles moving in the right direction."
Meantime, voters also had to decide on four City Council seats on Tuesday. Former Assemblyman Gil Cedillo earned 52 percent of the vote to beat Jose Gardea in the runoff battle for the 1st District, which includes northeast Los Angeles, Chinatown, Pico Union and MacArthur Park.
Sen. Curren Price won 53 percent of the vote against Ana Cubas in the race for the 9th District seat representing South Los Angeles.
Mitch O'Farrell, a one-time field deputy for mayor-elect Eric Garcetti, defeated Public Works Commissioner John Choi in the battle for Garcetti's 13th District seat representing the Hollywood area.
As for the San Fernando Valley-area's 6th District, there will be a July 23 runoff between former Assemblywoman Cindy Montanez and Los Angeles Unified School District board member Nury Martinez because none of the six candidates got 50 percent of the vote needed to claim the seat outright.
City News Service contributed to this report.


Train Wreck Tragedy
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On this date in 1912, the final report on a horrific accident appeared in papers, telling the full story of a tragedy. On December 30th of 1911, a train derailed near Sharon in Steele County. The Great Northern passenger train No. 3, dubbed the Oregonian, was passing through Steele County at around 10:00 in the morning on a frigid day of -20 degrees, with a 12 mile an hour breeze that made the day seem even colder. The train was going about forty miles an hour on a slight curve, when a rail snapped in the intense cold. The engine, tender, and the first four cars rolled over, catching fire.
Though fellow passengers rushed to the aid of those in the burning cars, the fire soon became too hot as they attempted to chop through the wreckage with axes to free trapped passengers.
A train was dispatched from Devils Lake with nurses, doctors, and other helpers. The fire was still burning when they arrived. Despite the best efforts of the rescuers, the dining car was consumed by the blaze. Five passengers there were burned beyond recognition.
Injured passengers were rushed to hospitals in Fargo, Devils Lake, and even Breckenridge MN. All of them would recover. It was eventually confirmed that the five people in the dining car were the only fatalities. They were Albert Lodge, Joseph Mosher, M. Mahoney, Martha Keefer, and the unnamed five-month-old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. Bailey.
Winter has always been one of North Dakota's most notorious killers, the dangerously cold combined with harsh winds being a constant worry. Settlers found this out in the very early days of the state, and though technology and quality of life have advanced considerably, winter weather remains a threat.
Dakota Datebook by Katie David
Bowbells Tribune, Jan. 5, 1912
Jamestown Weekly Alert, Jan. 4, 1912
The Bottineau Courant. Jan. 5, 1912
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Wolf Bounty
On this date in 1910, an article appeared in the Oakes Times regarding the State Auditor's view on the state wolf bounty, which had been in place since 1897. The auditor, D.K. Brightbill, was of the opinion that the bounty should be repealed as it was no longer practical for the state to hold such an act.
Homestead Plot Problems
On this date in 1903, two men may have been feeling some heat from the Department of the Interior Land Office. John Calkins and Peter Christenson owned separate plots of land near Minot, but were challenged by their neighbors, who accused the two of not meeting the terms required by the Homestead Act of 1862.
Scandal in Fessenden
On this date in 1913, William McBain was arrested, following a complex series of events that stirred up much controversy in North Dakota. It all started two years earlier when William moved from his childhood home in Fessenden to Saskatoon, Canada for work. There, he fell in love with a girl named Margaret, who lived on the farm next door. Margaret held the same feelings for him, and one day ran away from home to go with William to his hometown of Fessenden.