1Definitions and statement
2The number of shattered sets
3Proof
Sauer–Shelah lemma
Notion in combinatorics
Pajor's formulation of the Sauer–Shelah lemma: for every finite family of sets (green) there is another family of equally many sets (blue outlines) such that each set in the second family is shattered by the first family
In combinatorial mathematics and extremal set theory, the Sauer–Shelah lemma states that every family of sets with small VC dimension consists of a small number of sets. It is named after Norbert Sauer and Saharon Shelah, who published it independently of each other in 1972.[1][2] The same result was also published slightly earlier and again independently, by Vladimir Vapnik and Alexey Chervonenkis, after whom the VC dimension is named.[3] In his paper containing the lemma, Shelah gives credit also to Micha Perles, and for this reason the lemma has also been called the Perles–Sauer–Shelah lemma.[4]
Buzaglo et al. call this lemma "one of the most fundamental results on VC-dimension",[4] and it has applications in many areas. Sauer's motivation was in the combinatorics of set systems, while Shelah's was in model theory and that of Vapnik and Chervonenkis was in statistics. It has also been applied in discrete geometry[5] and graph theory.[6]
Definitions and statement[edit]
If F = { S 1 , S 2 , … } {\displaystyle \textstyle {\mathcal {F}}=\{S_{1},S_{2},\dots \}} is a family of sets, and T {\displaystyle T} is another set, then T {\displaystyle T} is said to be shattered by F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} if every subset of T {\displaystyle T} (including the empty set and T {\displaystyle T} itself) can be obtained as an intersection T ∩ S i {\displaystyle T\cap S_{i}} between T {\displaystyle T} and a set in the family. The VC dimension of F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is the largest cardinality of a set shattered by F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} .
In terms of these definitions, the Sauer–Shelah lemma states that if F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is a family of sets with n {\displaystyle n} distinct elements such that | F | > ∑ i = 0 k − 1 ( n i ) {\displaystyle \textstyle |{\mathcal {F}}|>\sum _{i=0}^{k-1}{\binom {n}{i}}} , then F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} shatters a set of size k {\displaystyle k} . Equivalently, if the VC dimension of F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is k , {\displaystyle k,} then F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} can consist of at most ∑ i = 0 k ( n i ) = O ( n k ) {\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{i=0}^{k}{\binom {n}{i}}=O(n^{k})} sets.
The bound of the lemma is tight: Let the family F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} be composed of all subsets of { 1 , 2 , … , n } {\displaystyle \{1,2,\dots ,n\}} with size less than k {\displaystyle k} . Then the size of F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is exactly ∑ i = 0 k − 1 ( n i ) {\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{i=0}^{k-1}{\binom {n}{i}}} but it does not shatter any set of size k {\displaystyle k} .[7]
The number of shattered sets[edit]
A strengthening of the Sauer–Shelah lemma, due to Pajor (1985), states that every finite set family F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} shatters at least | F | {\displaystyle |{\mathcal {F}}|} sets.[8] This immediately implies the Sauer–Shelah lemma, because only ∑ i = 0 k − 1 ( n i ) {\displaystyle \sum _{i=0}^{k-1}{\tbinom {n}{i}}} of the subsets of an n {\displaystyle n} -item universe have cardinality less than k {\displaystyle k} . Thus, when | F | > ∑ i = 0 k − 1 ( n i ) {\displaystyle |{\mathcal {F}}|>\sum _{i=0}^{k-1}{\tbinom {n}{i}}} , there are not enough small sets to be shattered, so one of the shattered sets must have cardinality at least k {\displaystyle k} .
For a restricted type of shattered set, called an order-shattered set, the number of shattered sets always equals the cardinality of the set family.[9]
Proof[edit]
Pajor's variant of the Sauer–Shelah lemma may be proved by mathematical induction; the proof has variously been credited to Noga Alon[10] or to Ron Aharoni and Ron Holzman.[9]
Base: every family of only one set shatters the empty set.
Step: Assume the lemma is true for all families of size less than | F | {\displaystyle |{\mathcal {F}}|} and let F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} be a family of two or more sets. Let x {\displaystyle x} be an element that belongs to some but not all of the sets in F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} . Split F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} into two subfamilies, of the sets that contain x {\displaystyle x} and the sets that do not contain x {\displaystyle x} .
By the induction assumption, these two subfamilies shatter two collections of sets whose sizes add to at least | F | {\displaystyle |{\mathcal {F}}|} .
None of these shattered sets contain x {\displaystyle x} , since a set that contains x {\displaystyle x} cannot be shattered by a family in which all sets contain x {\displaystyle x} or all sets do not contain x {\displaystyle x} .
Some of the shattered sets may be shattered by both subfamilies. When a set S {\displaystyle S} is shattered by only one of the two subfamilies, it contributes one unit both to the number of shattered sets of the subfamily and to the number of shattered sets of F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} . When a set S {\displaystyle S} is shattered by both subfamilies, both S {\displaystyle S} and S ∪ { x } {\displaystyle S\cup \{x\}} are shattered by F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} , so S {\displaystyle S} contributes two units to the number of shattered sets of the subfamilies and of F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} . Therefore, the number of shattered sets of F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is at least equal to the number shattered by the two subfamilies of F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} , which is at least | F | {\displaystyle |{\mathcal {F}}|} .
A different proof of the Sauer–Shelah lemma in its original form, by Péter Frankl and János Pach, is based on linear algebra and the inclusion–exclusion principle.[5][7]
Applications[edit]
The original application of the lemma, by Vapnik and Chervonenkis, was in showing that every probability distribution can be approximated (with respect to a family of events of a given VC dimension) by a finite set of sample points whose cardinality depends only on the VC dimension of the family of events. In this context, there are two important notions of approximation, both parameterized by a number ε: a set S of samples, and a probability distribution on S, is said to be an ε-approximation of the original distribution if the probability of each event with respect to S differs from its original probability by at most ε. A set S of (unweighted) samples is said to be an ε-net if every event with probability at least ε includes at least one point of S. An ε-approximation must also be an ε-net but not necessarily vice versa.
Vapnik and Chervonenkis used the lemma to show that set systems of VC dimension d always have ε-approximations of cardinality O ( d ϵ 2 log  d ϵ ) {\displaystyle O({\tfrac {d}{\epsilon ^{2}}}\log {\tfrac {d}{\epsilon }})} . Later authors including Haussler & Welzl (1987)[11] and Komlós, Pach & Woeginger (1992)[12] similarly showed that there always exist ε-nets of cardinality O ( d ϵ log  1 ϵ ) {\displaystyle O({\tfrac {d}{\epsilon }}\log {\tfrac {1}{\epsilon }})} , and more precisely of cardinality at most d ϵ ln  1 ϵ + 2 d ϵ ln  ln  1 ϵ + 6 d ϵ {\displaystyle {\tfrac {d}{\epsilon }}\ln {\tfrac {1}{\epsilon }}+{\tfrac {2d}{\epsilon }}\ln \ln {\tfrac {1}{\epsilon }}+{\tfrac {6d}{\epsilon }}} .[5] The main idea of the proof of the existence of small ε-nets is to choose a random sample x of cardinality O ( d ϵ log  1 ϵ ) {\displaystyle O({\tfrac {d}{\epsilon }}\log {\tfrac {1}{\epsilon }})} and a second independent random sample y of cardinality O ( d ϵ log 2  1 ϵ ) {\displaystyle O({\tfrac {d}{\epsilon }}\log ^{2}{\tfrac {1}{\epsilon }})} , and to bound the probability that x is missed by some large event E by the probability that x is missed and simultaneously the intersection of y with E is larger than its median value. For any particular E, the probability that x is missed while y is larger than its median is very small, and the Sauer–Shelah lemma (applied to x ∪ y {\displaystyle x\cup y} ) shows that only a small number of distinct events E need to be considered, so by the union bound, with nonzero probability, x is an ε-net.[5]
In turn, ε-nets and ε-approximations, and the likelihood that a random sample of large enough cardinality has these properties, have important applications in machine learning, in the area of probably approximately correct learning.[13] In computational geometry, they have been applied to range searching,[11] derandomization,[14] and approximation algorithms.[15][16]
Kozma & Moran (2013) use generalizations of the Sauer–Shelah lemma to prove results in graph theory such as that the number of strong orientations of a given graph is sandwiched between its numbers of connected and 2-edge-connected subgraphs.[6]
Growth function
^ Sauer, N. (1972), "On the density of families of sets", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, 13: 145–147, doi:10.1016/0097-3165(72)90019-2, MR 0307902 .
^ Shelah, Saharon (1972), "A combinatorial problem; stability and order for models and theories in infinitary languages", Pacific Journal of Mathematics, 41: 247–261, doi:10.2140/pjm.1972.41.247, MR 0307903, archived from the original on 2013-10-05 .
^ Vapnik, V. N.; Červonenkis, A. Ja. (1971), "The uniform convergence of frequencies of the appearance of events to their probabilities", Akademija Nauk SSSR, 16: 264–279, MR 0288823 .
^ a b Buzaglo, Sarit; Pinchasi, Rom; Rote, Günter (2013), "Topological hypergraphs", in Pach, János (ed.), Thirty Essays on Geometric Graph Theory, Springer, pp. 71–81, doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0110-0_6 .
^ a b c d Pach, János; Agarwal, Pankaj K. (1995), Combinatorial geometry, Wiley-Interscience Series in Discrete Mathematics and Optimization, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., p. 247, doi:10.1002/9781118033203, ISBN 0-471-58890-3, MR 1354145 .
^ a b Kozma, László; Moran, Shay (2013), "Shattering, Graph Orientations, and Connectivity", Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 20 (3), P44, arXiv:1211.1319, Bibcode:2012arXiv1211.1319K, MR 3118952 .
^ a b Gowers, Timothy (July 31, 2008), "Dimension arguments in combinatorics", Gowers's Weblog: Mathematics related discussions, Example 3 .
^ Pajor, Alain (1985), Sous-espaces l 1 n {\displaystyle l_{1}^{n}} des espaces de Banach, Travaux en Cours [Works in Progress], vol. 16, Paris: Hermann, ISBN 2-7056-6021-6, MR 0903247 . As cited by Anstee, Rónyai & Sali (2002).
^ a b Anstee, R. P.; Rónyai, Lajos; Sali, Attila (2002), "Shattering news", Graphs and Combinatorics, 18 (1): 59–73, doi:10.1007/s003730200003, MR 1892434 .
^ Kalai, Gil (September 28, 2008), "Extremal Combinatorics III: Some Basic Theorems", Combinatorics and More .
^ a b Haussler, David; Welzl, Emo (1987), "ε-nets and simplex range queries", Discrete and Computational Geometry, 2 (2): 127–151, doi:10.1007/BF02187876, MR 0884223 .
^ Komlós, János; Pach, János; Woeginger, Gerhard (1992), "Almost tight bounds for ε-nets", Discrete and Computational Geometry, 7 (2): 163–173, doi:10.1007/BF02187833, MR 1139078 .
^ Blumer, Anselm; Ehrenfeucht, Andrzej; Haussler, David; Warmuth, Manfred K. (1989), "Learnability and the Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension", Journal of the ACM, 36 (4): 929–965, doi:10.1145/76359.76371, MR 1072253 .
^ Chazelle, B.; Friedman, J. (1990), "A deterministic view of random sampling and its use in geometry", Combinatorica, 10 (3): 229–249, doi:10.1007/BF02122778, MR 1092541 .
^ Brönnimann, H.; Goodrich, M. T. (1995), "Almost optimal set covers in finite VC-dimension", Discrete and Computational Geometry, 14 (4): 463–479, doi:10.1007/BF02570718, MR 1360948 .
^ Har-Peled, Sariel (2011), "On complexity, sampling, and ε-nets and ε-samples", Geometric approximation algorithms, Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, vol. 173, Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, pp. 61–85, ISBN 978-0-8218-4911-8, MR 2760023 .
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sauer–Shelah_lemma&oldid=1120052759"
Families of sets


Grand Rapids Press
Grand Rapids Press Homepage
Darlene R. Sisson
Beeler-Gores Funeral Home
Middleville, MI
Sisson, Darlene R. Middleville Darlene Ruth Sisson, age 84 of Middleville, passed away on November 25, 2021. Darlene was born on July 9, 1937 in Grand Rapids to William and Florence (Brearley) Lind. She worked as a nurse for Dr. Melvin Noah in Middleville for many years before spending 27 years at Bradford White as a nurse. Darlene was a member of the Parmelee United Methodist Church. In her spare time, Darlene enjoyed knitting, crocheting and reading a good book. Darlene is survived by her stepchildren: Barbara Lydy, Cheryl Reichard; several step-grandchildren; sisters: Marilyn Stafford, Mary Lou Cisler; many nieces and nephews. She is preceded in death by her parents; husband, Paul Sisson; brothers-in-law, Robert Cisler and Harry Stafford. Relatives and friends may meet with the family on Tuesday, November 30 from 5:00 to 8:00 P.M. at the Beeler-Gores Funeral Home, where her funeral service will be conducted on Wednesday, December 1 at 11:00 A.M. Darlene will be laid to rest next to her husband in Freeport Cemetery. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions may be made to Green Acres Wayland or Kindred Hospice. Please visit www.beelergoresfuneral.com to share a memory or leave a condolence message for Darlene's family.
Published by Grand Rapids Press from Nov. 26 to Nov. 28, 2021.
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How Audi is bringing the e-tron to downtown San Francisco
Shortly after the world premiere of the Audi e-tron, Audi of America showed in San Francisco just how elegantly electric mobility integrates into everyday life. Visitors to the pop-up event on Battery Street were able to charge their electric car, while also recharging their own batteries. Totally relaxed.
12/20/2018 Text: Franziska Queling — Photos/Film: Tobias Sagmeister, AUDI AG Talking Business Reading Time: 3 min
There is more to electric mobility than changing the car. It is also changing our lives. For example, it will change the look of filling stations because we will usually charge our electric cars at home or while we are at work. However, we will also need a place to re-energize en route – for the cars as well as their occupants. That is why, for several days, Audi of America set up a "Charging Station Unleashed" on Battery St. in downtown San Francisco. Anyone dropping by had the opportunity to recharge sustainably. The charging station offered visitors healthy snacks, social interaction with integration into social media and the chance to relax outdoors. Visitors also found out that recharging is just as easy as refueling and an Audi e-tron seen up close is sheer premium: inside and out.
Exhibits such as the Pebble Beach concept car or the current Formula E model attracted a great deal of attention. The figures reflect just how successful the initiative was: 1.2 million social views, 1,845 RSVPs on Facebook, 320,000 engagements and over 2,000 visitors attending over the four days. Further initiatives to bring home the everyday usability of electric mobility are planned.
"Charging Station Unleashed" – a place to re-energize
The e-tron is the game changer on the way to electric mobility.
California is the center of electric mobility in the United States. Over the coming years, the VW subsidiary Electrify America will supply not only California, but also the rest of the country with a total of 900 charging terminals. In a few years it will then be possible to charge more than 5,000 cars simultaneously.
The "Charging Station Unleashed" illustrates how electric mobility is set to change our lives: As recharging the e-tron takes a few minutes longer, drivers can use the time to relax and to recharge their own batteries.
Electric mobility is changing our lives, particularly as refueling makes way for recharging. We will usually charge our cars at home or while we are at work, but of course there are also other charging stations en route. During Audi's "Charging Station Unleashed" pop-up event, passersby had the chance to try it out and discover that charging is just as easy as refueling.
In 2025, every Audi will also be available as an electric option
With the e-tron, Audi is giving the starting signal for the extensive Audi e roadmap. The objective is to electrify the entire model range through 2025 – with around 20 electrified models. The next step after the e-tron Sportback will be the sporty e-tron GT in 2020. That same year, Audi will also offer an electrified model in the compact segment for the first time.
The Audi e-tron strategy goes beyond the electrified car models in the product portfolio. Battery and charging infrastructure are just as firmly embedded in the strategy – as of course are the new approaches to value creation.
The "Charging Station Unleashed" pop-up event, which lasted for several days, followed on from the world premiere of the e-tron in San Francisco and exemplifies campaigns by Audi of America and Electrify America that aim to show just how elegantly electric vehicles can be integrated into everyday life.
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Fleetwood Town has made another key signing for the new season – Twelve Restaurant signing a new partnership with the club for the 13/14 season as official Hospitality Partner.
For the previous two seasons Twelve have provided the club with a first class dining experience in the Parkside Suite. Twelve Restaurant & Lounge Bar is located directly beneath the sails of one of the tallest working windmills in Europe, the imposing 18th century Marsh Mill windmill in Thornton Cleveleys. The restaurant is owned and managed by Paul Moss and Caroline Upton who started it back in 2000 influenced by the emerging North West food scene and its move towards fine dining in relaxed, less formal surroundings. Paul (chef) and Caroline (Front of House) are both self-confessed foodies with a reputation for creativity and culinary excellence combined with great warmth and geniality. The restaurant has attracted a loyal clientele drawn to the superb food, charm and hospitality of its owners. With Michelin Bib Gourmand status and two AA rosettes, Twelve has created many regionally inspired dishes including a langoustine cocktail dedicated to a local fisherman, the Cod Army Fish Pie – a dish specially created for diners at Fleetwood Town FC, and also the famous Fisherman's Friend Pina Colada – inspired by Twelve's proximity to Fleetwood's famous export.
Over 5,000 diners experienced Hospitality in the Parkside Suite at Highbury Stadium last season and the club are keen to retain and grow that following ahead of an exciting new season. "We are delighted to continue our partnership with Twelve as official Hospitality Partner to Fleetwood Town. The quality of the food has been a real winner with our corporate guests and the service from the staff has been first class. People come to Highbury for a fantastic Matchday Experience and Twelve play a big part in that. We can now look forward to welcoming back our seasonal hospitality clients and with this partnership we hope to continue to attract many more customers for match days and events here at Highbury Stadium." Said Martin Booker, Head of Commercial, Fleetwood Town.
Caroline Upton from Twelve are looking forward to enhancing the partnership "Team Twelve are delighted to be working in partnership with FTFC for our third season. It has been great to watch the club grow and develop and we look forward to building on this over the coming year. The chefs at Twelve are working on some new and exciting dishes for the forthcoming season using the sea of local produce available to us in this area. We hope to enhance the match day experience even more, which has already established itself with a great reputation."
With the Capital One Cup 1st Round draw on Monday 17th June and the League Two Fixtures due to be released next Wednesday 19th June and bookings will be taken for Hospitality and Executive Boxes for the 13/14 Season. Matches will be graded A B and C for the 13/14 Season. For further information you can book your hospitality package by calling us on 01253 775080.


Sandy Hook parents press Zuckerberg to address harassment, disinformation on Facebook
The parents of a child who was killed in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting wrote to Mark Zuckerberg Mark Elliot ZuckerbergBorder Patrol chief was member of secret Facebook group for agents: report Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak urges Facebook users to delete their accounts Trump's legal battles over census go public MORE on Wednesday, pleading with the Facebook founder and CEO to better address the spread of disinformation and the harassment they and other victims face on the social media platform.
Lenny Pozner and Veronique De La Rosa wrote an open letter in The Guardian in which they chastised Zuckerberg for his failure to remove groups and content that promote conspiracy theories. Sandy Hook families, in particular, have been targeted by fringe groups such as Infowars, which falsely claim the shooting never took place or was a "false flag" operation.
"Our families are in danger as a direct result of the hundreds of thousands of people who see and believe the lies and hate speech, which you have decided should be protected," Pozner and De La Rosa wrote.
Their son, Noah, was killed when a gunman opened fire at Sandy Hook Elementary in December 2012. He was 6 years old.
"What makes the entire situation all the more horrific is that we have had to wage an almost inconceivable battle with Facebook to provide us with the most basic of protections to remove the most offensive and incendiary content," the parents wrote.
They add that they think Zuckerberg's actions have shown that he believes "removing threats is too cumbersome, and that our lives are less important than providing a safe haven for hate."
Pozner and De La Rosa provided a recommendation to Zuckerberg for policing disinformation and harassment at victims of tragedy.
They suggested victims of mass shootings and other tragedies should be considered a "protected group" on the platform and that those individuals have access to Facebook staff who can quickly remove hateful posts.
"Facebook plays a mammoth role in exposing the world's masses to information. That level of power comes with the tremendous responsibility of ensuring that your platform is not used to harm others or contribute to the proliferation of hate," they wrote.
Zuckerberg has faced intense criticism over his platform's handling of hate speech and conspiracy theories.
The company has said that despite taking down videos and other content pushing hoaxes and banning repeat offenders, Alex Jones's Infowars account doesn't qualify for a ban from the platform.
Despite criticism for this stance, Facebook says that hoax stories alone are not violations of its rules.
Zuckerberg said in an interview last week that it's difficult for the platform to ban accounts that push conspiracy theories, such as holocaust denials, because it is "hard to impugn intent" from those users.
Tags Mark Zuckerberg Alt-right Conspiracy theories Facebook Sandy Hook shooting Social media


2021 St. Jude Radiothon Total Announced
Ryan O'Bryan Updated: February 5, 2021
Contributing Authors: Leslie MorganTravis SamsKendrabigbillMary
To be totally honest, we weren't sure how things were going to go with this year's Radiothon. With the COVID pandemic having such an impact on the economy, we thought one of two things were going to happen. Either we'd see a dip in donations, which would be totally understandable, or despite the struggles so many in our community of dealt with over the past 11 months, the Tri-State would still find a way to show their generosity and how much they care. Fortunately, and not surprisingly, option two ruled the day.
When all was said and done, you joined the fight against childhood cancer to the tune of $97,935 which is nothing short of incredible! We can't thank you enough for your contributions. Our job is to simply deliver the message of St. Jude over the two-day Radiothon, ultimately it's up to you to call in and become a Partner in Hope, which clearly you did! Thank you, thank you, THANK YOU!
Even though this year's Radiothon may be over, that doesn't mean you still can't become a Partner in Hope. Help save lives anytime by making your commitment to end childhood cancer with St. Jude through one of the options below.
3 Ways to Become a St. Jude Partner in Hope
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Pochettino seen with Woodward PR man as he discusses Man Utd links
Date published: Wednesday 12th February 2020 12:10
Former Tottenham boss Mauricio Pochettino has admitted he would relish another opportunity to manage in the Premier League on the night he was spotted in public with Ed Woodward's PR advisor Neil Ashton.
Pochettino, who took over at White Hart Lane in May 2014 after leaving Southampton, had guided the north London club to the Champions League final last season.
However, following a run of inconsistent form which saw them drop out of contention for the top four, the Argentinian was sacked by Spurs during November – and swiftly replaced by Jose Mourinho.
Before leaving Tottenham, the 47-year-old had previously been linked with Manchester United, as well as Spanish giants Real Madrid.
Indeed, rumours have been growing over his potential appointment at Old Trafford since the turn of the year after one report claimed he had already held talks with the club and made this major demand of United's executive vice-chairman Woodward.
And addressing those rumours for the first time, Pochettino, while not specifically naming Manchester United told Sky Sports' In The Pink podcast he would be tempted by another job in the English top flight if the right opportunity presented itself.
"To be honest, I would love to work in the Premier League," he said. "It's going to be difficult, I know, and for now it's a moment to wait and we'll see what happens.
"It's a moment of recovery, to think about yourself a little bit, and to be ready because in football always something can happen and you need to be ready.
"I'm ready and waiting for a new challenge. I have the belief and confidence that the next challenge will be fantastic."
Asked again about speculation linking him to Manchester United, Pochettino, though, maintained there was, at the moment, nothing more than "rumours".
Pochettino's revelation comes on a night he was spotted at the Brentford v Leeds game alongside Woodward's new PR advisor Ashton.
Ashton, who previously worked for The Sun, has been appointed by Woodward to help the much-maligned United chief deal with both media criticism and to generate much more of a positive vibe over his role at the club.
Pochettino is close friends with Leeds manager Marcelo Bielsa, whose side on Tuesday played out a 1-1 draw at Griffin Park, but his public appearance alongside Ashton did plenty to send the rumour mill into overdrive.
Pochettino proud of Tottenham reign
Despite the way his tenure ended, the former Spurs boss remains "very proud about everything I achieved" having been manager "at a pivotal moment for the club" ahead of their new stadium move.
"Everything I had to do was very scary in those moments," he said.
"To destroy White Hart Lane and to build a new stadium, to play at Wembley and Milton Keynes, only football people know how difficult it was to deal with these situations.
"To apply a new philosophy and new ideas was very tough but I feel very proud with the success that we had and to take Tottenham to a different level.
"To play in the Champions League for three or four years and finish above Arsenal many times was a great legacy for us.
"To win a title would be a great reward but for us that is the legacy, to have the club and the stadium at Tottenham. That is more than winning titles."
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By DM	Contemporary, Culture and Society, Film Theatre and Media
Vale Vittorio Taviani (1929-2018)
Gino Moliterno ANU
Sadly, the front ranks of the veteran Italian film directors continue to diminish. Only two years after the disappearance of Ettore Scola, 88 year-old Vittorio Taviani has also folded up his director's chair and passed on. For six decades, always and indissolubly joined at the artistic hip with his slightly younger brother, Paolo, Vittorio had formed the vital half of a prolific filmmaking duo who produced some of the most memorable films of the Italian postwar cinema. By their own account – and they have always spoken with a single voice – the Taviani brothers first discovered their passion for filmmaking as teenagers, skipping school one day and chancing to catch a screening of Roberto Rossellini's Paisà. Sons of a vehemently anti-fascist lawyer who had also taken up arms as a partisan, the boys had had direct experience of the recent war and now were struck by the power of film to represent reality. As they left the cinema they resolved that they would be filmmakers.
They were soon making short films and documentaries and in 1954, together with Valentino Orsini, a friend and ex-partisan also passionately interested in filmmaking, they produced their first significant documentary, San Miniato luglio 1944. The film portrayed a massacre in the Taviani's native town carried out by retreating Germans in the latter part of the war, an event that they would revisit in greater scope in what many consider one of the greatest of their later films, La notte di San Lorenzo (The Night of the Shooting Stars, 1982). Still serving their apprenticeship, however, they then collaborated with legendary Dutch documentarist, Joris Ivens, to make L'Italia non è un paese povero (Italy Is Not A Poor Country, 1960) for national television, before, again together with Orsini, finally directing their first feature film, Un uomo da bruciare (A Man To Be Burned, 1962). Recounting the tragic story of Salvatore Carnevale, a militant Sicilian union organiser murdered by the mafia for daring to challenge its power and authority, the film was also the Taviani's first and very fruitful encounter with one of the great actors of the Italian screen, Gian Maria Volonté.
As Italy moved almost inexorably towards the explosion of 1968, the Taviani caught the social and political ferment of the times in their films: I fuorilegge del matrimonio (Outlaws of Love, 1963), dramatised the issues surrounding the continuing absence of divorce in Italy; I sovversivi (The Subversives, 1967), the existential loss of direction felt by leftist militants at the death of historic PCI leader, Palmiro Togliatti. Made as 1968 erupted in all its fury, the dark and violent political allegory in Sotto il segno dello scorpione (Under the Sign of Scorpio, 1969), again starring Gian Maria Volonté, confounded the critics when it was shown at the Venice Film Festival but confirmed the Taviani's status as politically-committed filmmakers. As the anni di piombo began to cast their pall over an ever more divided nation, the brothers continued to explore the tension between revolutionary aspirations to a political utopia and its practical unachievability in San Michele aveva un gallo (Saint Michael Had A Rooster, 1971) and the operatic Allonsanfan (1973), both set in the context of failed revolutionary movements of the 19th century. However it was the more contemporary and more personal struggle for freedom recounted in Padre padrone (My Father My Master, 1977) that would finally bring the brothers international recognition. The film won both the FIPRESCI prize and the Palme d'or at Cannes where, significantly, it was championed by no less a figure than Roberto Rossellini as head of the jury, thereby enacting something of a closing of the circle that had been opened with the brothers' first viewing of Paisà.
The 1980s, much lamented by critics as the years of the great crisis and near-death of postwar Italian cinema, saw the Taviani make several of their greatest films. In La notte di San Lorenzo they were able to revisit the massacre at San Miniato but now as an epic and poetic fable recounted by a mother to her infant daughter at bedtime. A work of stunning visual beauty, complemented by a stirring musical score by Nicola Piovani, the film received six David di Donatello awards and two Nastri d'argento in Italy and both the Ecumenical and the Grand Jury Prize at Cannes, where it had also been nominated for the Palme d'or. This tour de force of filmmaking was followed by the equally impressive Kaos (Chaos, 1984), a masterful retelling of four stories by Luigi Pirandello in the Tavianis' now characteristic poetic style. Three years later, Good morning Babilonia (Good Morning, Babylon, 1987), the invented story of two Italian brothers trained as art restorers who are called to work on the set of D. W. Griffith's Intolerance (1916), was in essence the Taviani brothers' heartfelt hymn to the art of cinema.
While not abandoning political themes altogether, in the 1990s the brothers largely concentrated their efforts on literary adaptations, providing elegant transcriptions of novels by Leo Tolstoy in Il sole anche di notte (Night Sun, 1990), Anna Karenina (2000), and Resurrezione (Resurrection, 2002), and by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in Le affinità elettive (The Elective Affinities, 1996). In the new millennium they were again able to marry politics and literature in La masseria delle allodole (The Lark Farm, 2007), the adaptation of a prize-winning novel by Armenian-Italian writer, Antonia Arslan, recounting the tribulations of two extended families during the Armenian genocide of the First World War. This was followed by Cesare deve morire (Caesar Must Die, 2012), the engrossing documentation of preparations for a public performance of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar by inmates of Rome's highest-security prison and Meraviglioso Boccaccio (Wondrous Boccaccio, 2014), an elegant revisitation of the Decameron but at heart a love letter by the Taviani to their native Tuscany.
Their most recent film – one that they confessed to have long aspired to make – was Una questione privata (Rainbow: A Private Affair, 2017), an adaptation of Beppe Fenoglio's semi-autobiographical wartime novel about a partisan in the Resistance movement torn by the contrasting demands between the personal and the political. Vittorio, still recovering from an accident he had suffered in 2016, had been forced to forgo being on set in northern Italy during the actual filming, making this the first time in sixty years that the brothers had not physically directed a film together. However, at the film's release six months ago, both brothers were adamant in asserting that Vittorio had been able to make his usual input and the film, as always, had been a joint creation. Unfortunately Vittorio's physical absence from the set had been a presage. Italian cinema has lost another of its greats.
Tagged Vittorio Taviani


News	> World
R. Gonsalves Criticizes Trump's Failed Bid to Isolate Venezuela
Prime Minister of St. Vincent and the Grenadines Dr. Ralph Gonsalves criticized Caribbean leaders for meeting the U.S. President Donald Trump without CARICOM members. | Photo: EFE
Prime Minister of St. Vincent and the Grenadines Dr. Ralph Gonsalves said that the fact that 5 Caribbean leaders unilaterally decided to meet the U.S. President without CARICOM members was 'troubling'.
Prime Minister of St. Vincent and the Grenadines Dr. Ralph Gonsalves said that the meetings between the United States President Donald Trump and some Caribbean leaders are "troubling."
A Fig Leaf On The Table At Mar-a-Lago? Caribbean Leaders Meeting Trump In Florida On Venezuela
Five Leaders of Caribbean nations met with the U.S. President Friday to discuss how the U.S. could be more involved in the region.
As the current chairman of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the Prime Minister of St Kitts and Nevis was not invited to the meeting, there was no true representation of the region.
Prime Minister of St. Lucia, Allen Chastanet; President of the Dominican Republic, Danilo Medina; Prime Minister of Jamaica, Andrew Holness; Haitian President, Jovenel Moise and Prime Minister of the Bahamas, Hubert Minnis met with the U.S. President.
These leaders are supportive of Trump administration's stance on Venezuela. They have also aligned themselves to the Lima Group, a part of the Organization of American States (OAS) which has been aligning itself with the U.S. by recognizing the opposition lawmaker Juan Guaido as the so called "interim president" of Venezuela instead of the democratically elected President Nicolas Maduro.
CARICOM Reiterates Support for Peaceful Resolution in Venezuela
"None of those persons were invited and for it to be a true CARICOM representation you must at least have the chairman" so that any discussion on Venezuela actually represents what CARICOM wants.
CARICOM has always stood against intervention in Venezuela and opposed U.S. sanctions on the South American country.
According to Gonsalves, the actions of the U.S. concerning Venezuela as "a creeping coup d'etat" against a legitimate government and Caricom will not fall victim to this entrapment.
The five leaders who met with Trump spoke of energy agreements. The PetroCaribe agreement allowed Caribbean nations to receive a stable supply of oil and gas from Venezuela.
However, after sanctions being imposed on it, the agreement ceased and for Gonsalves, it will be "ridiculous" for Caribbean states to abide by an energy agreement bycoup d'etat perpetrators .
"We are not supporting the principle of non-intervention and non-interference and no threat or force or sanctions… because we have a Petro agreement. We are doing so because of high principle and our commitment to international law."
St. Vincent PM Ralph Gonsalves Caribbean leaders meeting TRump CARICOM Venezuela
Caribbean News Service
by teleSUR / us- TR
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Steps for a successful OpenStack implementation, now and into the future
July 25, 2017Annie Potvin
Tags:Telecommunications, Financial services
Where do we stand with OpenStack today, and what's on the horizon? Red Hat's Radhesh Balakrishnan, general manager for OpenStack, joined SiliconANGLE in "The Cube" at Red Hat Summit 2017 to outline steps for implementing OpenStack and what the future holds.
In the interview, he outlined three perspectives to take when evaluating OpenStack solutions for your business:
Number of production deployments. Red Hat, for example, has over 500 customers in production across the globe, spanning a variety of verticals like telecommunications, financial services, education, research and development and academia. And, according to the April 2017 OpenStack Foundation's User Survey, respondents indicated that Red Hat OpenStack Platform was the most used OpenStack-powered solution.
Health of the partner ecosystem. Red Hat is seeing very healthy consolidation and standardization in the OpenStack space. According to Radhesh, "if you look at the OpenStack ecosystem that Red Hat has been able to pull through, we have certified solutions across compute, storage, networking as well as ISP solutions that today customers can deploy with peace of mind. So that's another indication of the fact that the ecosystem is maturing as well."
Ecosystem maturity. The most exciting development in ecosystem maturity that he's seen recently is that managed service providers, such as Rackspace, IBM and Cisco Metacloud, are building their solutions on top of OpenStack. All told, there are more than 25 vNFs from top companies such as Ericsson, Huawei, Cisco and Affirmed Networks that have been certified or validated, and that number continues to grow (read more about our NFV + OpenStack ecosystem.)
So, what does the future hold and how does OpenStack fit in? Look to the cloud, Radhesh says. Today, hybrid cloud has become the norm and multi-cloud has become a real possibility. Five years ago, there was a question about whether cloud was going to be real and secure, and those questions have been answered.
"Hybrid cloud is going to be the norm implementation. And the role that OpenStack has is two-fold in that context," he explained. One role is as a private cloud implementation for enterprises wanting to avoid vendor lock-in with their cloud infrastructure. The second value that OpenStack provides is the ability to stitch together multiple clouds using an application programming interface (API) at the infrastructure layer.
"From our perspective, 80 percent of the focus is on the private cloud," said Radhesh. He pointed to security, privacy and compliance requirements dictating country-specific public cloud deployments as a key reason for this. In this case, the OpenStack model still holds true. "Even when you have a private cloud," he explained, "you can use the API that OpenStack provides to manipulate the resources that are on AWS, Google, Azure, etc. That's where I see the future shaping up."
Another part of the equation are containers, which Radhesh sees coming together with OpenStack. "The confusion stems from the fact that some people are taking the view that containers are going to eliminate the need for OpenStack itself," he says. The best approach is to help a customer move from what they currently have to what they want to implement. If you come from that perspective, you approach the solution in three steps:
First, rationalize existing resources by implementing OpenStack at the infrastructure layer.
Then you foster culture change using DevOps and OpenShift.
Finally, when you get to implementing the full solution, you run OpenShift on top of OpenStack.
That's the ideal scenario, he says, although not every customer will go through each step. However, in his view, "the majority who are embarking on transformation over the next three to five years, they're going to be in that bucket."
Radhesh stressed that OpenStack is not the destination. OpenStack is one ingredient in the destination that customers want to get to. For example, if the customer wants to get to the destination of "open hybrid cloud," you need to consider the infrastructure layer, the application layer, and the management layer. OpenStack provides the platform for the infrastructure layer, while OpenShift provides the application development platform on top of OpenStack. "You get the fungible infrastructure at the bottom and then you get the DevOps implementation running on top of that. That's what we are seeing as the path to future," he adds.
And sprinkled amongst all of the technology is an impending culture shift. As Radhesh puts it, "the technology is the easy part." It comes down to the fact that we are "fundamentally rewiring the way in which we are thinking about applications. The way in which we are writing the applications. The way in which we are delivering the applications to an entirely potentially new set of customers and partners."
The interview wrapped up with a forward-looking summary focused on containers and hybrid cloud. The OpenStack community has made tremendous progress in delivering new use cases such as network functions virtualization (NFV) and delivering against those scenarios, and there's now clarity around the role of OpenStack within an infrastructure, according to Radesh. "The journey ahead is to make sure that containers and OpenStack can come together in a seamless manner," he said. And within the hybrid cloud adoption model that OpenStack continues to provide API stability.
Take a few minutes to listen to the entire interview, and then let us know what you think the future holds for OpenStack in the comments section below.
Annie Potvin
Simplified multi-cloud open RAN orchestration and management
Navigating 5G transformation: Key learnings from the Red Hat partner ecosystem
5 key learnings from Red Hat's Open5G event this year


Home Wealth > News > Turkish Airlines To Buy Back Shares After Approval Chairman
Turkey slashed value-added tax on aviation to one per cent from 18 per cent until the end of June 2020 as part of its efforts to counter the economic impact of COVID-19
The carrier will halt most international flights from 27 March until 17 April 2020/Bloomberg
The Chairman of Turkish Airlines said that the carrier will start a buyback programme after it's approved at its shareholders' general assembly meeting scheduled on 31 March 2020.
Ilker Ayci, the Chairman of Turkish Airlines, said that around 85 per cent of the carrier's passenger planes are not being used at the moment after Turkey suspended flights from more than 60 countries because of the coronavirus outbreak.
The carrier will halt most international flights from 27 March until 17 April 2020, service will continue to Hong Kong, Moscow, Addis Ababa, New York and Washington, said Bilal Eksi, the Chief Executive Officer of Turkish Airlines.
The airline will continue cargo flights while reducing the frequency of domestic flights.
RELATED STORIES: Turkish Airlines buyback programme


President's approval ratings on the decline in January 2013
February 5, 0201 / Political, Polls
Abuja, Nigeria. February 5, 2013 – Latest weekly poll results released by NOI Polls Limited show that 52% of Nigerians say the current administration has performed averagely while 50% (down from 65%) of Nigerians approve of the President's performance in the month of January. These were two key findings from the governance polls conducted in the week of January 29th 2013.
These results represent the first in the new monthly series of governance polls to be conducted by NOI Polls to gauge the opinions and perceptions of Nigerians regarding three key elements – the approval rating of the president, the performance of the current administration, and the state of power supply in the country.
Respondents to the poll were asked three specific questions. The first question sought to gauge the approval rating of President Goodluck Jonathan over the past 1 month: Do you approve or disapprove of the performance of the president in the past 1 month? From the results, the majority (42%) stated that they approve of the President's performance, followed by 27% who said they disapprove. Also, 20% of the respondents polled were neutral saying they neither approved nor disapproved, while 8% said they strongly approve, and 3% said they strongly disapproved. In general, despite the continued decline, about 50% of Nigerians (42% + 8%) approve the president's performance in January.
However, when these current figures are compared with results of a similar poll conducted in May 2012 (published in the Democracy Day Special newsletter), it shows a 15-point drop in the approval rating of President Goodluck Jonathan (from a total of 65% in May 2012 to 50% at present). Also, the proportion of Nigerians that disapprove of his performance has risen by 6-points from a total of 24% to 30%. These results clearly indicate that even though the majority of respondents (50%) currently approve of the President's performance, his approval ratings remain on a decline. In 2010, when he assumed office, the results of the NOI-Gallup National Poll in October revealed that almost 8 in 10 Nigerians (79%) approved of the President. All three polls indicate a continuing decline in the president's approval rating, from a total of 79% in October 2010 to 65% in May 2012, and now 50% in January 2013. However, to put these approval ratings in perspective, we took a look at the approval ratings polled by our partner Gallup USA for Obama; the US president averaged at 49% approval in his first term and had a 52% approval rating as at Feb 2nd 2013.
Moving forward, the second question sought to gauge the opinions of Nigerians regarding the performance of the entire administration – the ministers at the federal level, and the governors and their respective cabinets at the state levels, down to local government administrators. Respondents were asked: How would you rate the performance of the current administration in the last month? In response, the majority (52%) said the administration has "performed averagely", followed by 20% who are of the opinion that "they have performed very well". In addition, 17% said "they have performed poorly", while 8% said "they have performed very poorly" and 2% said "they have performed very well.
Click here to view more analysis on Approval Ratings (January 2013)| File Size: 499 Kb / PDF
A comparison with results from polls conducted in May and October 2012 indicate a 14-point increase in the proportion of Nigerians that think the current administration has performed well (from a total of 8% in October 2012 to 22% at present). However, the current rating still remains 19-points below the performance rating of the administration in May 2012 (a total of 41%). A trend observed from the polls is that while the approval rating of the president appears to be on a decline, the performance rating of the current administration seems to be on the increase. This may suggest that respondents tend to view the job of the president differently from how they view the performance of the current administration, particularly in states with governors who are perceived to be performing.
The comparative results further show that there has been a 6-point increase in the proportion of respondents that think the administration has "performed averagely" (from 46% in October 2012 to 52% at present). There has also been a 17-point decline in the percentage of Nigerians that think the current administration has performed poorly (from a total of 42% in October 2012 to 25% at present).
Finally, given the mixed reactions that have trailed President Goodluck Jonathan's interview with CNN's Christiane Amanpour, the third question sought to investigate the assertion of the President that "Nigerians are quite pleased with the improvement in power". On this, respondents were asked: How would you describe power supply in your area where you live in the last 1 month? The majority (38%) of respondents stated that power supply "has improved a little", 9% of the respondents said power supply "has improved very much", followed by 23% who said "there's no difference at all". Also, 17% said that power supply "remains bad", while 13% said "it's very bad and has gone worse". In general, a total of 47% (38% + 9%) are of the opinion that power has improved, thus providing some support to the President's assertion. However, a 53% majority think that they have either experienced no difference in their power supply or that it remains bad and has gone worse.
Looking across the geo-political zones, there are a few differences highlighted by the results. The North-East zone has the highest proportion of residents (39%) who said "there's no difference at all" in their power supply; while the South-East, South-South, North-West and South-West zones have the highest proportion of residents (17%) that said power supply "has improved a little". It is interesting to note that only 30% of respondents in the North-Central zone, where the seat of power is located, said that power supply has improved a little.
In conclusion, the poll results show that the majority of Nigerians currently approve of the job performance of President Goodluck Jonathan even though his approval rating has dropped by 15% from last year. Also, more Nigerians think the current administration is doing an average to good job in terms of its current performance and also there has been an improvement in this performance compared to last year. Finally, most Nigerians irrespective of geo political zone agree that power supply in their areas have improved a little.
However with a declining approval rate, the president would need to address the areas of governance that are of key concern to Nigerians. As highlighted by our New Year poll; majority of Nigerians (24%) are of the opinion that the most important issue the President needs to address is the issue of unemployment, followed by improving electricity supply (18%), tackling insecurity (17%) and eradicating corruption (10%).
The opinion poll was conducted between January 29th and 30th 2013. It involved telephone interviews of a random nationwide sample. 526 randomly selected phone-owning Nigerians aged 18 years and above, representing the six geopolitical zones in the country, were interviewed. With a sample of this size, we can say with 95% confidence that the results obtained are statistically precise – within a range of plus or minus 4%. NOI Polls Limited is Nigeria's leading opinion polling and research organisation, which works in technical partnership with the Gallup Organisation (USA), to conduct periodic opinion polls and studies on various socio-economic and political issues in Nigeria. More information is available at www.noi-polls.com
This press release has been produced by NOI Polls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the general public, we only request that NOI Polls be acknowledged as author whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited or published.
NOI Polls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect its views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or fact or for any views expressed herein by NOI Polls for actions taken as a result of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions or views herein constitute a judgment as at the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOI Polls' current findings and/or thinking.
The President's Job Performance Rating Remains At 60% In November 2014


South Africans should brace themselves for further fuel price increases in April
Fresh off substantial fuel price hikes in March, South Africans should brace themselves for further increases in April…
Fresh off substantial fuel price hikes in March, South Africans should brace themselves for further increases in April. This is according to the Automobile Association (AA), which was commenting on unaudited mid-month fuel price data released by the Central Energy Fund.
"The projected basic fuel price increase is being billed as 98 cents for petrol, 70 cents for diesel and 63 cents for illuminating paraffin," the AA says.
But, the Association notes, increases to the fuel levies will push the prices at the pumps even higher when they come into effect in April.
"With the addition of the increases to the levies, our outlook for April sees petrol increasing by R1.18 a litre, and diesel by 90 cents a litre. There are no levies added to illuminating paraffin," explains the AA.
The AA says movements in the exchange rate have contributed 23 to 26 cents of this increase, with the balance coming from changes in international product prices. It notes that the CEF's analysis shows that international oil prices contributed 73 cents a litre of the rise in the case of petrol.
"It is difficult to reconcile that figure with the general stability shown by the daily prices since the start of March," the Association comments."We hope that data will provide more clarity as the month unfolds, but there is a further fly in the ointment, which is that increased fuel taxes become applicable in April," the AA notes.
"This will add 20 cents a litre to the April increase – 15 cents for the fuel levy and 5 cents for the RAF levy."The Association says this will push the proportion of taxes and levies on the fuel price to around 38% of the cost per litre in the case of 93 unleaded petrol.
"When fuel taxes were proposed as a roads funding mechanism, the government resisted, claiming they were anti-poor. But the fuel levy has nonetheless risen by nearly 22% over the past three years. Given what is emerging at the Zondo Commission of Enquiry, motorists are justified in asking what this money is being spent on," the AA concludes.


Hasbro to Webcast First Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call
PAWTUCKET, R.I.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Mar. 26, 2019-- Hasbro, Inc. (NASDAQ: HAS) today announced that it will webcast its first quarter 2019 earnings conference call on Tuesday, April 23, 2019 at 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time, following the release of Hasbro's financial results.
Certain financial and statistical information included in the webcast, such as information required by Regulation G, will be available at the time of the webcast in the "Press Releases" section of Hasbro's website at www.hasbro.com, under "Investors."
The webcast and the accompanying presentation slides will be available to investors and the media on Hasbro's Investor Relations home page at https://investor.hasbro.com/. A replay of the call will be available at the same location approximately 2 hours following the completion the event.
Hasbro (NASDAQ: HAS) is a global play and entertainment company committed to Creating the World's Best Play Experiences. From toys and games to television, movies, digital gaming and consumer products, Hasbro offers a variety of ways for audiences to experience its iconic brands, including NERF, MY LITTLE PONY, TRANSFORMERS, PLAY-DOH, MONOPOLY, BABY ALIVE and MAGIC: THE GATHERING, as well as premier partner brands. Through its entertainment labels, Allspark Pictures and Allspark Animation, the Company is building its brands globally through great storytelling and content on all screens. Hasbro is committed to making the world a better place for children and their families through corporate social responsibility and philanthropy. Hasbro ranked No. 5 on the 2018 100 Best Corporate Citizens list by CR Magazine and has been named one of the World's Most Ethical Companies® by Ethisphere Institute for the past eight years. Learn more at www.hasbro.com and follow us on Twitter (@Hasbro) and Instagram (@Hasbro).
© 2019 Hasbro, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
HAS-IR
Investor Contact: Debbie Hancock | Hasbro, Inc. | (401) 727-5401 | debbie.hancock@hasbro.com
Press Contact: Julie Duffy | Hasbro, Inc. | (401) 727-5931 | julie.duffy@hasbro.com


Ratatouille – wikiquote electricity 101 powerpoint
30.10.2018 Electric company
• [drunk from all the wine Skinner has offered him] Ratatouille! It's like stew, right? Why do they call it that? If you want to name a food, you should give a name that sounds delicious. Ratatouille doesn't sound delicious. It sounds like "rat" and "patootie". Rat patootie! Which does not sound delicious.
• [showing the kitchen crew his partnership with Remy] I know this sounds insane, but, well, the truth sounds insane sometimes. But that doesn't mean it's not the…the truth. And the truth is, I have no talent at all. But this rat, he's the one behind these recipes. He's the cook. The real cook. He's been hiding under my toque. He's been controlling my actions. He's the reason I can cook the food that's exciting everyone. The reason Ego is outside that door. You've been giving me credit for his gift. I know it's a hard thing to believe, but, hey, you believed I could cook, right? Look, this works. It's crazy, but it works. We can be the greatest restaurant in Paris, and this rat, this brilliant little chef, can lead us there. What do you say? You with me? [everyone walks out]
• [voice over, reviewing Gusteau's] In many ways, the work of a critic is easy. We risk very little, yet enjoy a position over those who offer up their work and their selves to our judgment. We thrive on negative criticism, which is fun to write and to read. But the bitter truth we critics must face is that, in the grand scheme of things, the average piece of junk is probably more meaningful than our criticism designating it so. But there are times when a critic truly risks something, and that is in the discovery and defense of the new. The world is often unkind to new talent, new creations. The new needs friends. Last night, I experienced something new, an extraordinary meal from a singularly unexpected source. To say that both the meal and its maker have challenged my preconceptions about fine cooking is a gross understatement. They have rocked me to my core. In the past, I have made no secret of my disdain for Chef Gusteau's famous motto: "Anyone can cook." But I realize, only now do I truly understand what he meant. Not everyone can become a great artist, but a great artist can come from anywhere. It is difficult to imagine more humble origins than those of the genius now cooking at Gusteau's, who is, in this critic's opinion, nothing less than the finest chef in France. I will be returning to Gusteau's soon, hungry for more.
Dialogue [ edit ] Gusteau: [as a book illustration] If you are hungry, go up and look around, Rémy. Why do you wait and mope? Remy: Well, I just lost my family…all my friends. Probably forever. Gusteau: How do you know? Remy: I, uh… You are an illustration. Why am I talking to you? Gusteau: Oh, you just lost your family, all your friends. You are lonely. Remy: Yeah… well, you're dead. Gusteau: Ah, but that is no match for wishful thinking! If you focus on what you left behind, you will never be able to see what lies ahead. Now go up and look around!
[Remy's about to eat a bread crumb in someone's house when Gusteau appears before him.] Gusteau: What are you doing?! Remy: I'm hungry! I don't know where I am, I don't know when I'll find food again! Gusteau: Remy, you are better than that. You are a cook! A cook makes. A thief takes. You're not a thief. Remy: But I am hungry. Gusteau: Remy, food will come. Food always comes to those who love to cook.
[Remy and Gusteau are talking about Linguini] Gusteau: How did you know! What do I always say, Remy? Anyone can cook. Remy: Well yeah, anyone can. That doesn't mean that anyone should. Gusteau: Well, that is not stopping him. See? [Linguini has accidentally spilled a pot of soup and is attempting to cover up his mistake by throwing random ingredients into it.] Remy: What, what is he doing…?! No… no! No, this is terrible! He's ruining the soup… and nobody's noticing?! It's your restaurant! Do something! Gusteau: What can I do? I am a figment of your imagination. Remy: But he's ruining the soup!! We gotta tell someon– [slips and falls]
Anton Ego: What is it Ambrister? Ambrister: Gusteau's… Anton: Finally closing, is it? Ambrister: No. Anton: More financial troubles? Ambrister: No, it's… it's… Anton: Announced a new line of microwave egg-rolls. What, what?! Spit it out! Ambrister: It's come back, it's… popular. Anton: [partly spits out a mouthful of wine, before checking the label, then roughly swallowing the rest of the wine] I haven't reviewed Gusteau's in years. Ambrister: No, sir. Anton: My last review condemned it to the tourist trade. Ambrister: Yes, sir. Anton: I said, "Gusteau has finally found his rightfully place in history, right along side another equally famous chef, Monsieur Boyardee". Ambrister: Touché. Anton: That is were it left it, that was my last word. The… last… word. Ambrister: [cowering] Yes. Anton: Then tell me Ambrister; how could it be popular?
Mustafa: [taking Ego's order] Do you know what you'd like this evening, sir? Anton: Yes, I think I do. After reading a lot of overheated puffery about your new cook, you know what I'm craving? A little perspective. That's it. I'd like some fresh, clear, well seasoned perspective. Can you suggest a good wine to go with that? Mustafa: With what, sir? Anton: Perspective. Fresh out, I take it? Mustafa: I am, uh… Anton: Very well. Since you're all out of perspective and no one else seems to have it in this BLOODY TOWN, I'll make you a deal. You provide the food, I'll provide the perspective, which would go nicely with a bottle of Cheval Blanc 1947. Mustafa: I'm afraid… your dinner selection? Anton: [stands up angrily] Tell your chef, Linguini, that I want whatever he dares to serve me. Tell him to hit me with his best shot. Skinner: [Sitting nearby, to a waiter] I will have whatever he is having.
Remy: [after Ego's positive review is read] It was a great night. The happiest of my life. But the only thing predictable about life… [Gusteau's is condemned and shut down] …is it's unpredictability. Well, we had to let Skinner and the health inspector loose! And of course, they "ratted" us out. The food didn't matter. Once it got out there were rats in the kitchen, oh, man, the restaurant was closed and Ego lost his job and his credibility. [Remy is telling his story to the other rats] But don't feel too bad for him. He's doing very well as a small business investor. He seems very happy. Female rat: How do you know? Django: Yeah.
• I think our goal is to get the impression of something rather than perfect photographic reality. It's to get the feeling of something so I think that our challenge was the computer basically wants to do things that are clean and perfect and don't have any history to them. If you want to do something that's different than that you have to put that information in there and the computer kind of fights you. It really doesn't want to do that and Paris is a very rich city that has a lot of history to it and it's lived in. Everything's beautiful but it's lived in. It has history to it, so it has imperfections and it's part of why it's beautiful is you can feel the history in every little nook and cranny. For us every single bit of that has to be put in there. We can't go somewhere and film something. If there's a crack in there, we have to design the crack and if you noticed the tiles on the floor of the restaurant, they're not perfectly flat, they're like slightly angled differently, and they catch light differently. Somebody has to sit there and angle them all separately so we had to focus on that a lot. And it was a movie about good food and the food had to look delicious and its data. How do you define what makes food look good. It's actually a bunch of really subtle little complicated things and everybody worked really hard on it.
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